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From: "Paul Hoffman" <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
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Date: Wed, 03 May 2017 15:27:02 -0700
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Subject: [Cfrg] New draft on the transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography
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Greetings again. I have just published a very, very preliminary Internet 
Draft to help people understand when they have to make the transition 
from classical to post-quantum cryptography. The draft information is 
here:

Name:		draft-hoffman-c2pq
Revision:	00
Title:		The Transition from Classical to Post-Quantum Cryptography
Document date:	2017-05-03
Group:		Individual Submission
Pages:		12
URL:        
https://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-c2pq-00.txt
Status:     https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-hoffman-c2pq-00

This -00 is full of holes, but gives a structure for how to tell people 
about quantum computers that apply to breaking cryptographic keys, how 
to tell when those computers might become feasible, and what they need 
to think about for the transition. It most emphatically does *not* cover 
post-quantum algorithms other than to say "go look here for more info on 
that". That is, this document is about determining when people need to 
make the transition, not the algorithms to which they might transition.

Clearly, the draft needs a lot of input. Not only are there holes, there 
may be flat-out errors in it. That's why there is the strong disclaimer 
at the beginning; I am not a cryptographer, a mathematician, or a 
physicist, but I do work in fields where people are asking "should we 
even be thinking about post-quantum crypto".  Suggestions for text are 
great, suggestions that come with references are even better.

Does this seem like something that CFRG might be interested in adopting 
as an RG document? If so, I can make the next version 
draft-irtf-cfrg...; if not, I can keep this as an individual draft that 
will get published in the IETF stream instead of the IRTF stream.

--Paul Hoffman


From nobody Thu May  4 03:17:39 2017
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From: "Tams, Benjamin" <Benjamin.Tams@secunet.com>
To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>, "cfrg@irtf.org" <cfrg@irtf.org>
Thread-Topic: [Cfrg] New draft on the transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography
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Subject: Re: [Cfrg] New draft on the transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography
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Hi Paul,

thank you for producing the initial draft. I think such a document can be v=
ery useful for
the community and individual organizations for being taken into account for=
 properly managing=20
risk in view of possible attacks by quantum computers. I briefly read over =
the document.=20

Here are some personal comments on the organization of the document.

If the intention of the final document is to help people understand when th=
ey have to make the
transition  from classical to post-quantum cryptography, I would like to pr=
opose to set the focus=20
more on what an organization should consider for deciding whether or not to=
 go from classical to=20
post-quantum cryptography. My very personal vision is to motivate the reade=
r to consider the
following questions.

1. What if useful quantum computers arise in the short term (e.g. 0-10 year=
s),=20
middle term (eg. 10-15 years), or long term (e.g. 15-25 years)?

2. What if I use classical cryptography today, that can be broken=20
by a quantum computer in the short, middle or long term?

3. When should I switch to post-quantum cryptography for digital signatures=
, asymmetric
encryption, or symmetric encryption?=20

4. Is my application worth for being attacked by someone who can use a quan=
tum
computer? If it is, why? (This question is already addressed in Section 5 o=
f the draft).

Essentially, I think the intention of the document should not be to convinc=
e the reader to use
or not to use post-quantum cryptography. It should rather leave it to the r=
eader to decide
whether or not (and if to which extent) he considers it necessary to apply =
post-quantum=20
cryptography in his application.=20

Anyway, if an organization's decision is to use post-quantum cryptography (=
a decision that we
should leave open), then the organization should be able to access a specif=
ication suitable for
implementation, timely. While CFRG may already specify documents for
PQ-safe digital signatures, CFRG seems to hesitate to specify something for=
  PQ-safe public
key encryption. It is (not just) my opinion, that the need for PQ-safe publ=
ic key encryption
is much higher, though less matured.=20

If we leave it open by a CFRG (or similar) document, that the reader's  dec=
ision is to use PQ-safe
public key encryption, then we should also provide a corresponding specific=
ation - a building block=20
that is still missing for IETF drafts  (https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-w=
hyte-qsh-tls13-04). Also see=20
previous posts in this forum
(https://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/cfrg/current/msg09087.html).

@CFRG: Still, I am happy if there are people that are willing to specify PQ=
-safe public key
encryption. Alternatively, I would like to consider to initiate an individu=
al submission for such
a draft.

Kind regards,
Benjamin



-----Urspr=FCngliche Nachricht-----
Von: Cfrg [mailto:cfrg-bounces@irtf.org] Im Auftrag von Paul Hoffman
Gesendet: Donnerstag, 4. Mai 2017 00:27
An: cfrg@irtf.org
Betreff: [Cfrg] New draft on the transition from classical to post-quantum =
cryptography

Greetings again. I have just published a very, very preliminary Internet=20
Draft to help people understand when they have to make the transition=20
from classical to post-quantum cryptography. The draft information is=20
here:

Name:		draft-hoffman-c2pq
Revision:	00
Title:		The Transition from Classical to Post-Quantum Cryptography
Document date:	2017-05-03
Group:		Individual Submission
Pages:		12
URL:       =20
https://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-c2pq-00.txt
Status:     https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-hoffman-c2pq-00

This -00 is full of holes, but gives a structure for how to tell people=20
about quantum computers that apply to breaking cryptographic keys, how=20
to tell when those computers might become feasible, and what they need=20
to think about for the transition. It most emphatically does *not* cover=20
post-quantum algorithms other than to say "go look here for more info on=20
that". That is, this document is about determining when people need to=20
make the transition, not the algorithms to which they might transition.

Clearly, the draft needs a lot of input. Not only are there holes, there=20
may be flat-out errors in it. That's why there is the strong disclaimer=20
at the beginning; I am not a cryptographer, a mathematician, or a=20
physicist, but I do work in fields where people are asking "should we=20
even be thinking about post-quantum crypto".  Suggestions for text are=20
great, suggestions that come with references are even better.

Does this seem like something that CFRG might be interested in adopting=20
as an RG document? If so, I can make the next version=20
draft-irtf-cfrg...; if not, I can keep this as an individual draft that=20
will get published in the IETF stream instead of the IRTF stream.

--Paul Hoffman

_______________________________________________
Cfrg mailing list
Cfrg@irtf.org
https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/cfrg


From nobody Thu May  4 12:23:30 2017
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From: Russ Housley <housley@vigilsec.com>
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I took a look, and I think the document is ready to be published as an =
RFC.

Russ


> On Apr 27, 2017, at 6:13 AM, Paterson, Kenny =
<Kenny.Paterson@rhul.ac.uk> wrote:
>=20
> Dear CFRG,
>=20
> This message starts 2 weeks RGLC on draft-nir-cfrg-rfc7539bis =
("ChaCha20
> and Poly1305 for IETF Protocols"), which will end on Thursday 11th =
May.
> The draft is available here:
>=20
> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-nir-cfrg-rfc7539bis/
>=20
>=20
> Please provide your review comments, as well as statement of support =
(or
> not) in reply to this message or directly to CFRG chairs.
>=20
> Thanks,
>=20
> Alexey and Kenny


From nobody Sun May  7 17:18:57 2017
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From: "Paul Hoffman" <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
To: "Tams, Benjamin" <Benjamin.Tams@secunet.com>
Cc: "cfrg@irtf.org" <cfrg@irtf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Cfrg] New draft on the transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography
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On 4 May 2017, at 3:17, Tams, Benjamin wrote:

> thank you for producing the initial draft. I think such a document can 
> be very useful for
> the community and individual organizations for being taken into 
> account for properly managing
> risk in view of possible attacks by quantum computers.

Thanks

> I briefly read over the document.
>
> Here are some personal comments on the organization of the document.
>
> If the intention of the final document is to help people understand 
> when they have to make the
> transition  from classical to post-quantum cryptography, I would like 
> to propose to set the focus
> more on what an organization should consider for deciding whether or 
> not to go from classical to
> post-quantum cryptography. My very personal vision is to motivate the 
> reader to consider the
> following questions.
>
> 1. What if useful quantum computers arise in the short term (e.g. 0-10 
> years),
> middle term (eg. 10-15 years), or long term (e.g. 15-25 years)?
>
> 2. What if I use classical cryptography today, that can be broken
> by a quantum computer in the short, middle or long term?
>
> 3. When should I switch to post-quantum cryptography for digital 
> signatures, asymmetric
> encryption, or symmetric encryption?
>
> 4. Is my application worth for being attacked by someone who can use a 
> quantum
> computer? If it is, why? (This question is already addressed in 
> Section 5 of the draft).
>
> Essentially, I think the intention of the document should not be to 
> convince the reader to use
> or not to use post-quantum cryptography. It should rather leave it to 
> the reader to decide
> whether or not (and if to which extent) he considers it necessary to 
> apply post-quantum
> cryptography in his application.

That is certainly my intention.

> Anyway, if an organization's decision is to use post-quantum 
> cryptography (a decision that we
> should leave open), then the organization should be able to access a 
> specification suitable for
> implementation, timely. While CFRG may already specify documents for
> PQ-safe digital signatures, CFRG seems to hesitate to specify 
> something for  PQ-safe public
> key encryption. It is (not just) my opinion, that the need for PQ-safe 
> public key encryption
> is much higher, though less matured.

And I completely want to avoid any discussion of such a specification in 
this document; I consider "when you want to move to post-quantum" 
orthogonal to "at the time you move, here are your best options".

--Paul Hoffman


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From: "Tams, Benjamin" <Benjamin.Tams@secunet.com>
To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
CC: "cfrg@irtf.org" <cfrg@irtf.org>
Thread-Topic: [Cfrg] New draft on the transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography
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Date: Mon, 8 May 2017 08:52:30 +0000
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Subject: Re: [Cfrg] New draft on the transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography
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>>  Anyway, if an organization's decision is to use post-quantum=20
>> cryptography (a decision that we
>> should leave open), then the organization should be able to access a=20
>> specification suitable for
>> implementation, timely. While CFRG may already specify documents for
>> PQ-safe digital signatures, CFRG seems to hesitate to specify=20
>> something for  PQ-safe public
>> key encryption. It is (not just) my opinion, that the need for PQ-safe=20
>> public key encryption
>> is much higher, though less matured.

> And I completely want to avoid any discussion of such a specification in=
=20
> this document; I consider "when you want to move to post-quantum"=20
> orthogonal to "at the time you move, here are your best options".

I agree. Of course this should not be discussed in the document. But, I
took the opportunity to emphasize the need for such a specification in my
post.

Best regards,
Benjamin Tams


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From: "Salz, Rich" <rsalz@akamai.com>
To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>, "Tams, Benjamin" <Benjamin.Tams@secunet.com>
CC: "cfrg@irtf.org" <cfrg@irtf.org>
Thread-Topic: [Cfrg] New draft on the transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography
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Subject: Re: [Cfrg] New draft on the transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography
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> And I completely want to avoid any discussion of such a specification in =
this
> document; I consider "when you want to move to post-quantum"
> orthogonal to "at the time you move, here are your best options".

Well, it's not of course.  What you do when you move depends on what is ava=
ilable at that time and options are likely to improve as Science Marches Fo=
rward.

I also think when to move depends on what you're trying to do. The protecti=
on you need for online ecommerce buying razor blades is very different from=
 launching missles is very different from long-term archival storage of off=
icial documents.

I think both of these things should at least be touched on.=20


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From: "Paul Hoffman" <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
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Subject: Re: [Cfrg] New draft on the transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography
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On 8 May 2017, at 5:46, Salz, Rich wrote:

>> And I completely want to avoid any discussion of such a specification 
>> in this
>> document; I consider "when you want to move to post-quantum"
>> orthogonal to "at the time you move, here are your best options".
>
> Well, it's not of course.  What you do when you move depends on what 
> is available at that time and options are likely to improve as Science 
> Marches Forward.

Fair point. There is a subtlety in "when you want to move to 
post-quantum" of "there is a post-quantum solution at the time that 
meets your needs". My unstated assumption is that NIST and others around 
the world will have standardized on some solutions before the readers of 
this document (or a future version of it) feel the need to change. I'll 
reflect that better in the next draft.

> I also think when to move depends on what you're trying to do. The 
> protection you need for online ecommerce buying razor blades is very 
> different from launching missles is very different from long-term 
> archival storage of official documents.
>
> I think both of these things should at least be touched on.

Fully agree.

--Paul Hoffman


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> My unstated assumption is that NIST and others around=20
> the world will have standardized on some solutions before the readers of=
=20
> this document (or a future version of it) feel the need to change.

Do we know this? I can pretty well imagine that there may already now
exist the need to protect traffic with PQ-safe solutions that cannot wait
until the NIST standardization process comes with a specification in=20
2023 - 2025 according to the timeline suggested in=20

http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/post-quantum-crypto/workshops.html=20

Regards
Benjamin Tams
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Thread-Topic: [Cfrg] New draft on the transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography
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Subject: Re: [Cfrg] New draft on the transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography
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On 5/8/17, 9:46 AM, "Cfrg on behalf of Paul Hoffman" <cfrg-bounces@irtf.org=
 on behalf of paul.hoffman@vpnc.org> wrote:

    On 8 May 2017, at 5:46, Salz, Rich wrote:
   =20
    >> And I completely want to avoid any discussion of such a specificatio=
n=20
    >> in this
    >> document; I consider "when you want to move to post-quantum"
    >> orthogonal to "at the time you move, here are your best options".
    >
    > Well, it's not of course.  What you do when you move depends on what=20
    > is available at that time and options are likely to improve as Scienc=
e=20
    > Marches Forward.
   =20
    Fair point. There is a subtlety in "when you want to move to=20
    post-quantum" of "there is a post-quantum solution at the time that=20
    meets your needs".=20

Technically you both are correct, and the two issues (=E2=80=9Cwhen=E2=80=9D and =E2=80=9Cto =
what=E2=80=9D) are orthogonal. In practice however they lose much without one anot=
her.=20

I understand that we may have a better idea now as to =E2=80=9Cwhen=E2=80=9D over what =
=E2=80=9Cthe best options=E2=80=9D are likely to be =E2=80=9Cthen=E2=80=9D (so it=E2=80=99s easier to talk=
 about =E2=80=9Cwhen=E2=80=9D, even though both recommendations =E2=80=93 not just =E2=80=9Cto what=E2=
=80=9D but also =E2=80=9Cwhen=E2=80=9D - may change as time advances).

I see the two as two parts of a single document, or as two closely related =
drafts, cross-referenced, and released together.


    My unstated assumption is that NIST and others around=20
    the world will have standardized on some solutions before the readers o=
f=20
    this document (or a future version of it) feel the need to change. I'll=
=20
    reflect that better in the next draft.

Wouldn=E2=80=99t you agree that for long-term documents (those that need to survi=
ve for 15+ - 20+ years from now) the =E2=80=9Cneed to change=E2=80=9D is now with a pret=
ty high probability? Wouldn=E2=80=99t that break your assumption?
   =20
    > I also think when to move depends on what you're trying to do.

Yes. ;-)

For some applications the need appears to be =E2=80=9Cnow=E2=80=9D.=20

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From: "Paul Hoffman" <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
To: "Blumenthal, Uri - 0553 - MITLL" <uri@ll.mit.edu>
Cc: "cfrg@irtf.org" <cfrg@irtf.org>
Date: Mon, 08 May 2017 07:28:26 -0700
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/cfrg/AI8aTiRMrIxXKzZopUP4hnWE8os>
Subject: Re: [Cfrg] New draft on the transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography
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On 8 May 2017, at 7:20, Blumenthal, Uri - 0553 - MITLL wrote:

> Wouldnâ€™t you agree that for long-term documents (those that need to 
> survive for 15+ - 20+ years from now) the â€œneed to changeâ€� is now 
> with a pretty high probability?

No. That is, I haven't seen evidence that there will be quantum 
computers in 15 to 20 years from now that will be able to break 
classical cryptography using current key sizes. The same is true if you 
said "50 years". Of course, I might have missed something in the early 
research for the -00 draft, so if you have pointers to such 
calculations, that would be great.

I strongly suspect that some organizations feel a strong need to start 
protecting such messages and are very interested in standardizing on 
good pqc algorithms. If those organizations have any pointers as to how 
they are making their judgements, that would greatly help this draft.

--Paul Hoffman


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From: "Blumenthal, Uri - 0553 - MITLL" <uri@ll.mit.edu>
To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
CC: "cfrg@irtf.org" <cfrg@irtf.org>
Thread-Topic: [Cfrg] New draft on the transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography
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Subject: Re: [Cfrg] New draft on the transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography
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--B_3577084482_1952570309
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On 5/8/17, 10:28 AM, "Paul Hoffman" <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org> wrote:
    > Wouldn=E2=80=99t you agree that for long-term documents (those that need to=
=20
    > survive for 15+ - 20+ years from now) the =E2=80=9Cneed to change=E2=80=9D is now=
=20
    > with a pretty high probability?
   =20
    No. That is, I haven't seen evidence that there will be quantum=20
    computers in 15 to 20 years from now that will be able to break=20
    classical cryptography using current key sizes. The same is true if you=
=20
    said "50 years".=20

First, I=E2=80=99m sure there are documents now that need a =E2=80=9Csecure life=E2=80=9D lon=
ger than 20 or even 50 years.

    Of course, I might have missed something in the early=20
    research for the -00 draft, so if you have pointers to such=20
    calculations, that would be great.

Alas, my crystal ball is out of order right now. But scientific progress te=
nds to be not exactly predictable/calculate-able. E.g., did you expect to ta=
lk about =E2=80=9Cquantum computers breaking crypto=E2=80=9D 20 years ago? I didn=E2=80=99t.
=20

--B_3577084482_1952570309
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--B_3577084482_1952570309--


From nobody Mon May  8 08:31:10 2017
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From: Dan Brown <danibrown@blackberry.com>
To: "cfrg@irtf.org" <cfrg@irtf.org>
Thread-Topic: naive question: QC vs RC vs Moore-blip
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Subject: [Cfrg] naive question: QC vs RC vs Moore-blip
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Dear CFRG,

Please forgive my naivety on the matters below.
=20
If quantum computers are realistic enough to warrant standards changes (now=
 or soon), then what about other hypothetical computers, such as:

(1) computers that can do super high-precision, as in the "real computation=
" model (or whatever variant of this model that can implement Shamir's algo=
rithm to factor using super-large integers in a polynomial (even linear?) n=
umber of integer arithmetic steps),

(2) sudden (single) blips exceeding the usual Moore's law (and variants) fo=
r future computing power (e.g. are sudden and new 100x faster transistor ma=
terial, superconductors, photonics, less realistic than quantum computers)?

I don't know the established answers, but would speculate:

(a) quantum computers are deemed more realistic than each of (1) and (2),

(b) model (1) is known [?] to affect all algorithms equally, so we must jus=
t give up on it,

(c) most justifications for 128-bit security already include a margin of er=
ror for risk (2),

(d) 256-bit security (and variants) are meant to deal with (2).

Are these the established answers, or is there better answers?=20

As a research issue, I'd like to know more about (b), if it is correct.

I'd like to know more about (a), the why of it, but am unlikely to understa=
nd.

Best regards,

Dan Brown



From nobody Mon May  8 10:49:27 2017
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Date: Mon, 8 May 2017 10:49:19 -0700
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To: Dan Brown <danibrown@blackberry.com>
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Subject: Re: [Cfrg] naive question: QC vs RC vs Moore-blip
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I=E2=80=99m not sure how much energy this whole subject is worth, =
honestly. Remember that the reason the NSA started talking about =
post-quantum when they did was to distract us from the Dual-EC random =
number generator debacle.

I have absolutely no doubt that people are pouring tons of money into QC =
and making progress. I just don=E2=80=99t think we can take anything =
said about the maturity of the technology at face value.=20

Full disclosure: my opinions are colored by the way JPLs SeaSat =
spacecraft met an untimely death (and the ugly politics afterward). It =
used off-the-shelf spy satellite components and JPL was not allowed to =
know what their real performance was.=20

Given all of those uncertainties, wouldn=E2=80=99t our efforts be better =
spent worrying about the other things we know we don=E2=80=99t know? =
(And keep an eye out for things we don=E2=80=99t know we don=E2=80=99t =
know.)

(This is not intended as an attack on you Dan!! Just my opinion.)

> On May 8, 2017, at 8:31 AM, Dan Brown <danibrown@blackberry.com> =
wrote:
>=20
> Dear CFRG,
>=20
> Please forgive my naivety on the matters below.
>=20
> If quantum computers are realistic enough to warrant standards changes =
(now or soon), then what about other hypothetical computers, such as:
>=20
> (1) computers that can do super high-precision, as in the "real =
computation" model (or whatever variant of this model that can implement =
Shamir's algorithm to factor using super-large integers in a polynomial =
(even linear?) number of integer arithmetic steps),
>=20
> (2) sudden (single) blips exceeding the usual Moore's law (and =
variants) for future computing power (e.g. are sudden and new 100x =
faster transistor material, superconductors, photonics, less realistic =
than quantum computers)?
>=20
> I don't know the established answers, but would speculate:
>=20
> (a) quantum computers are deemed more realistic than each of (1) and =
(2),
>=20
> (b) model (1) is known [?] to affect all algorithms equally, so we =
must just give up on it,
>=20
> (c) most justifications for 128-bit security already include a margin =
of error for risk (2),
>=20
> (d) 256-bit security (and variants) are meant to deal with (2).
>=20
> Are these the established answers, or is there better answers?=20
>=20
> As a research issue, I'd like to know more about (b), if it is =
correct.
>=20
> I'd like to know more about (a), the why of it, but am unlikely to =
understand.
>=20
> Best regards,
>=20
> Dan Brown
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Cfrg mailing list
> Cfrg@irtf.org
> https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/cfrg

Personal email.  hbhotz@oxy.edu




From nobody Mon May  8 11:10:00 2017
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From: "Tams, Benjamin" <Benjamin.Tams@secunet.com>
To: Dan Brown <danibrown@blackberry.com>, "cfrg@irtf.org" <cfrg@irtf.org>
Thread-Topic: naive question: QC vs RC vs Moore-blip
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> If quantum computers are realistic enough to warrant standards changes (n=
ow or soon), then what about other hypothetical computers, such as:
>=20
> (1) computers that can do super high-precision, as in the "real computati=
on" model (or whatever variant of this model that can implement Shamir's
> algorithm to factor using super-large integers in a polynomial (even line=
ar?) number of integer arithmetic steps),
>=20
> (2) sudden (single) blips exceeding the usual Moore's law (and variants) =
for future computing power (e.g. are sudden and new 100x faster transistor=
=20
> material, superconductors, photonics, less realistic than quantum compute=
rs)?
>
> I don't know the established answers, but would speculate:
>=20
> (a) quantum computers are deemed more realistic than each of (1) and (2),
>

I think (2) and partially (1) is more realistic than the close appearance o=
f quantum computers=20
(but I do not know).

> (b) model (1) is known [?] to affect all algorithms equally, so we must j=
ust give up on it,

Don't know if you are referring to the "real computation" model or Shamir's=
 factoring device.
I consider it unlikely that mere improvements in factoring integers will im=
prove on
other algorithms equally. In fact, factoring integers is not even believed =
to correspond
to an NP-hard problem. For (1), I do not know much about its consequences f=
rom the
scratch.

> (c) most justifications for 128-bit security already include a margin of =
error for risk (2),
> (d) 256-bit security (and variants) are meant to deal with (2).

I hope so. :-)

> Are these the established answers, or is there better answers?=20

Interested, too.=20

> As a research issue, I'd like to know more about (b), if it is correct.
>
>I'd like to know more about (a), the why of it, but am unlikely to underst=
and.

I think sudden Moore blips are quite realistic. But a few of them won't hel=
p
much in factoring or solving discrete log problems (though a little).

Kind  regards,
Benjamin Tams


From nobody Mon May  8 11:44:31 2017
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From: Philip Lafrance <philip.lafrance92@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 8 May 2017 14:44:26 -0400
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Subject: Re: [Cfrg] naive question: QC vs RC vs Moore-blip
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I wanted to make a comment about the introduction of more powerful, but
classical computers.

There is a good thermodynamics argument to be made here. Even absurdly
powerful classical devices need to actually perform the bit operations.
Consider the 128 bit level of security. I'm being vague here, but I am
pretty sure if even if you assume that every operation is just a bit-flip,
then 2^{128} such operations would still take >1% of the Earth's annual
power output. Maybe I am being slightly inaccurate, but the point is that
even high powered super computers simply don't have the time or energy to
say factor secure RSA moduli (try something with 256-bits of classic
security!). This is one of the reasons that quantum computers are so
dangerous to public key crypto, they compute in a fundamentally different
way which more or less avoid the thermodynamics problem.

For this reason, I believe quantum-resistant standards are more important
for us to consider than contradictions to Moore's law. However, this is far
from the best possible argument for quantum-resistance.

-Philip Lafrance

On Mon, May 8, 2017 at 11:31 AM, Dan Brown <danibrown@blackberry.com> wrote:

> Dear CFRG,
>
> Please forgive my naivety on the matters below.
>
> If quantum computers are realistic enough to warrant standards changes
> (now or soon), then what about other hypothetical computers, such as:
>
> (1) computers that can do super high-precision, as in the "real
> computation" model (or whatever variant of this model that can implement
> Shamir's algorithm to factor using super-large integers in a polynomial
> (even linear?) number of integer arithmetic steps),
>
> (2) sudden (single) blips exceeding the usual Moore's law (and variants)
> for future computing power (e.g. are sudden and new 100x faster transistor
> material, superconductors, photonics, less realistic than quantum
> computers)?
>
> I don't know the established answers, but would speculate:
>
> (a) quantum computers are deemed more realistic than each of (1) and (2),
>
> (b) model (1) is known [?] to affect all algorithms equally, so we must
> just give up on it,
>
> (c) most justifications for 128-bit security already include a margin of
> error for risk (2),
>
> (d) 256-bit security (and variants) are meant to deal with (2).
>
> Are these the established answers, or is there better answers?
>
> As a research issue, I'd like to know more about (b), if it is correct.
>
> I'd like to know more about (a), the why of it, but am unlikely to
> understand.
>
> Best regards,
>
> Dan Brown
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Cfrg mailing list
> Cfrg@irtf.org
> https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/cfrg
>

--001a113dfdaeee3847054f07a0bc
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<div dir=3D"ltr">I wanted to make a comment about the introduction of more =
powerful, but classical computers.<div><br></div><div>There is a good therm=
odynamics argument to be made here. Even absurdly powerful classical device=
s need to actually perform the bit operations.=C2=A0</div><div>Consider the=
 128 bit level of security. I&#39;m being vague here, but I am pretty sure =
if even if you assume that every operation is just a bit-flip, then 2^{128}=
 such operations would still take &gt;1% of the Earth&#39;s annual power ou=
tput. Maybe I am being slightly inaccurate, but the point is that even high=
 powered super computers simply don&#39;t have the time or energy to say fa=
ctor secure RSA moduli (try something with 256-bits of classic security!). =
This is one of the reasons that quantum computers are so dangerous to publi=
c key crypto, they compute in a fundamentally different way which more or l=
ess avoid the thermodynamics problem.</div><div><br></div><div>For this rea=
son, I believe quantum-resistant standards are more important for us to con=
sider than contradictions to Moore&#39;s law. However, this is far from the=
 best possible argument for quantum-resistance.</div><div><br></div><div>-P=
hilip Lafrance</div></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmai=
l_quote">On Mon, May 8, 2017 at 11:31 AM, Dan Brown <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<=
a href=3D"mailto:danibrown@blackberry.com" target=3D"_blank">danibrown@blac=
kberry.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=
=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Dear CFR=
G,<br>
<br>
Please forgive my naivety on the matters below.<br>
<br>
If quantum computers are realistic enough to warrant standards changes (now=
 or soon), then what about other hypothetical computers, such as:<br>
<br>
(1) computers that can do super high-precision, as in the &quot;real comput=
ation&quot; model (or whatever variant of this model that can implement Sha=
mir&#39;s algorithm to factor using super-large integers in a polynomial (e=
ven linear?) number of integer arithmetic steps),<br>
<br>
(2) sudden (single) blips exceeding the usual Moore&#39;s law (and variants=
) for future computing power (e.g. are sudden and new 100x faster transisto=
r material, superconductors, photonics, less realistic than quantum compute=
rs)?<br>
<br>
I don&#39;t know the established answers, but would speculate:<br>
<br>
(a) quantum computers are deemed more realistic than each of (1) and (2),<b=
r>
<br>
(b) model (1) is known [?] to affect all algorithms equally, so we must jus=
t give up on it,<br>
<br>
(c) most justifications for 128-bit security already include a margin of er=
ror for risk (2),<br>
<br>
(d) 256-bit security (and variants) are meant to deal with (2).<br>
<br>
Are these the established answers, or is there better answers?<br>
<br>
As a research issue, I&#39;d like to know more about (b), if it is correct.=
<br>
<br>
I&#39;d like to know more about (a), the why of it, but am unlikely to unde=
rstand.<br>
<br>
Best regards,<br>
<br>
Dan Brown<br>
<br>
<br>
______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
Cfrg mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:Cfrg@irtf.org">Cfrg@irtf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/cfrg" rel=3D"noreferrer" t=
arget=3D"_blank">https://www.irtf.org/mailman/<wbr>listinfo/cfrg</a><br>
</blockquote></div><br></div>

--001a113dfdaeee3847054f07a0bc--


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From: "Dearlove, Christopher (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
To: "Blumenthal, Uri - 0553 - MITLL" <uri@ll.mit.edu>, Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
CC: "cfrg@irtf.org" <cfrg@irtf.org>
Thread-Topic: [Cfrg] New draft on the transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography
Thread-Index: AQHSxFyyrdxv3Y4EbE29PkiMhZEf96Hj5ceAgAWiEoCAANDSgIAAEN0AgAAJkwCAAAIdAIAAAcAAgAFIm+A=
Date: Tue, 9 May 2017 09:16:52 +0000
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References: <BAE7613D-D89C-4F19-8FA5-1D3BCC55DCCB@vpnc.org> <78B0B91A8FEB2E43B20BCCE132613181399287CA@mail-essen-01.secunet.de> <9E0DFD44-3000-4E5B-BAE6-2EF74DB3EA4E@vpnc.org> <0d785b8b616846e9aa0eda962d1aade5@usma1ex-dag1mb1.msg.corp.akamai.com> <48F06B9A-7ED4-4711-901C-AA17DD690BC6@vpnc.org> <8076F68B-F7B1-487B-86ED-B6DCFE93EBF2@ll.mit.edu> <E6CCB3B6-3D85-4F98-A8A8-9DA3C97EDF44@vpnc.org> <58C7D7DD-B129-4FF1-B091-9AA8FAA46607@ll.mit.edu>
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Subject: Re: [Cfrg] New draft on the transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography
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From: Russ Housley <housley@vigilsec.com>
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Subject: Re: [Cfrg] New draft on the transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography
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>> Wouldn=E2=80=99t you agree that for long-term documents (those that =
need to=20
>> survive for 15+ - 20+ years from now) the =E2=80=9Cneed to change=E2=80=
=9D is now=20
>> with a pretty high probability?
>=20
>    No. That is, I haven't seen evidence that there will be quantum=20
>    computers in 15 to 20 years from now that will be able to break=20
>    classical cryptography using current key sizes. The same is true if =
you=20
>    said "50 years".=20
>=20
> First, I=E2=80=99m sure there are documents now that need a =E2=80=9Csec=
ure life=E2=80=9D longer than 20 or even 50 years.

Children born this year might need their healthcare records protected =
from the discovery of a quantum computer before they die.

Russ


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On 10/05/17 19:52, Russ Housley wrote:
> Children born this year might need their healthcare records protected
> from the discovery of a quantum computer before they die.

Genomic data from any of us is liable to remain sensitive for our
grandchildren, in 100 years time. It's sensitivity may even increase
the longer one waits.

S.


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> On 2017-05-10 (130), at 15:35:25, Stephen Farrell =
<stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie> wrote:
>=20
> On 10/05/17 19:52, Russ Housley wrote:
>> Children born this year might need their healthcare records protected
>> from the discovery of a quantum computer before they die.
>=20
> Genomic data from any of us is liable to remain sensitive for our

great-

> grandchildren, in 100 years time. It's sensitivity may even increase
> the longer one waits.


?
__outer


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References: <BAE7613D-D89C-4F19-8FA5-1D3BCC55DCCB@vpnc.org> <78B0B91A8FEB2E43B20BCCE132613181399287CA@mail-essen-01.secunet.de> <9E0DFD44-3000-4E5B-BAE6-2EF74DB3EA4E@vpnc.org> <0d785b8b616846e9aa0eda962d1aade5@usma1ex-dag1mb1.msg.corp.akamai.com> <48F06B9A-7ED4-4711-901C-AA17DD690BC6@vpnc.org> <8076F68B-F7B1-487B-86ED-B6DCFE93EBF2@ll.mit.edu> <E6CCB3B6-3D85-4F98-A8A8-9DA3C97EDF44@vpnc.org> <58C7D7DD-B129-4FF1-B091-9AA8FAA46607@ll.mit.edu> <C28B977F-BF60-4D11-BA55-02BC05B77400@vigilsec.com> <76c04fcf-bdc5-54b5-a729-e4be9bf6fe66@cs.tcd.ie> <F0628AA9-12CF-4152-AED0-0679F9A669AC@interlog.com>
From: Hugo Krawczyk <hugo@ee.technion.ac.il>
Date: Thu, 11 May 2017 00:02:01 -0400
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To: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
Cc: Russ Housley <housley@vigilsec.com>, Uri Blumenthal <uri@ll.mit.edu>,  Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>, IRTF CFRG <cfrg@irtf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Cfrg] New draft on the transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography
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--001a114d72b479927c054f37a87e
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I want to highlight the importance of the post-quantum work regardless of
the post-quantum prospects, namely, independently of the predictions and
feasibility of constructing Shor-grade quantum computers.

People claim that we need to move to quantum-resistant crypto now (or in
the near future) since there is information created now that needs to stay
secret for 30-50 (even 100) years. My strong recommendation for such
applications is to NOT use public key (PK) encryption or PK-based online
key exchange to generate encryption keys for this data. Rather exchange
keys offline and onion-encrypt with several symmetric ciphers and
over-sized keys (twice the security parameter).

This recommendation is *independent* of the prospects of quantum
computation (QC) reaching the point in which it can break PK cryptosystems.
It is rather based on the precarious standing of all our public key
algorithms and their potential vulnerabilities to *classical*
cryptanalysis.

Is the probability of ECC and/or RSA being broken by mathematical
cryptanalysis higher or lower than the probability of these systems being
broken by QC in x years?  I don't know. But I do know that while a powerful
quantum computer will not be built overnight, a devastating mathematical
break (of EC or RSA cryptography) could happen in the middle of the night.
All you need is one bright person dreaming the right idea.

So what I am saying is that we need to thank QC for drawing attention to
the need to diversify our algorithms, to build our protocols with algorithm
agility and negotiation, to invest serious funding in researching new
public key mechanisms, particularly in the area of lattice-based
cryptography (where many other benefits are likely to arise), and to make
us all think about how to *really* ensure long-term secrecy. We should have
done all of this without the threat of powerful quantum computers, but
without it we wouldn't have had the attention and funding we now have to
address these most important problems.

So, thanks QC! You are already making our systems more durably secure! Now,
let's not allow the speculations surrounding the feasibility and timing of
QC distract us from the really important task of diversifying PK
Cryptography.  Keep the attention, focus and funding coming.

Hugo

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_default"><div class=3D"gmail_default">=
<font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif">I want to highlight the importance of th=
e post-quantum work regardless of the post-quantum prospects, namely, indep=
endently of the predictions and feasibility of constructing Shor-grade quan=
tum computers.</font></div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verda=
na, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D=
"verdana, sans-serif">People claim that we need to move to quantum-resistan=
t crypto now (or in the near future) since there is information created now=
 that needs to stay secret for 30-50 (even 100) years. My strong recommenda=
tion for such applications is to NOT use public key (PK) encryption or PK-b=
ased online key exchange to generate encryption keys for this data. Rather =
exchange keys offline and onion-encrypt with several symmetric ciphers and =
over-sized keys (twice the security parameter).</font></div><div class=3D"g=
mail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div clas=
s=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif">This recommendation =
is *independent* of the prospects of quantum computation (QC) reaching the =
point in which it can break PK cryptosystems. It is rather based on the pre=
carious standing of all our public key algorithms and their potential vulne=
rabilities to *classical* cryptanalysis.=C2=A0</font></div><div class=3D"gm=
ail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div class=
=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif">Is the probability of=
 ECC and/or RSA being broken by mathematical cryptanalysis higher or lower =
than the probability of these systems being broken by QC in x years?=C2=A0 =
I don&#39;t know. But I do know that while a powerful quantum computer will=
 not be built overnight, a devastating mathematical break (of EC or RSA cry=
ptography) could happen in the middle of the night. All you need is one bri=
ght person dreaming the right idea.=C2=A0</font></div><div class=3D"gmail_d=
efault"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div class=3D"g=
mail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif">So what I am saying is tha=
t we need to thank QC for drawing attention to the need to diversify our al=
gorithms, to build our protocols with algorithm agility and negotiation, to=
 invest serious funding in researching new public key mechanisms, particula=
rly in the area of lattice-based cryptography (where many other benefits ar=
e likely to arise), and to make us all think about how to *really* ensure l=
ong-term secrecy. We should have done all of this without the threat of pow=
erful quantum computers, but without it we wouldn&#39;t have had the attent=
ion and funding we now have to address these most important problems.</font=
></div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif"><br>=
</font></div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif=
">So, thanks QC! You are already making our systems more durably secure! No=
w, l</font><span style=3D"font-family:verdana,sans-serif">et&#39;s not allo=
w the speculations surrounding the feasibility and timing of QC distract us=
 from the really important task of diversifying PK Cryptography.=C2=A0 Keep=
 the attention, focus and funding coming.</span></div><div style=3D"font-fa=
mily:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div style=3D"font-famil=
y:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Hugo</div></div></div>

--001a114d72b479927c054f37a87e--


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Subject: [Cfrg] Call for Papers: International Workshop on Secure Internet of Things - SIoT
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======================== 
Apologies for any cross-posting 
======================== 

CfP - International Workshop on Secure Internet of Things - SIoT 2017, 14 - 15 of September, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Oslo, Norway 

Workshop Description and Scope 
============================== 

The International Workshop on Secure Internet of Things 2017 (SIoT 2017) will be held in conjunction with the European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS 2017) in Oslo, Norway at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), on September 14-15 2017. The proceedings of the workshop will be submitted to IEEE Explore. 

SIoT is a community where interested stakeholders, from academia and industry, can present their original work on providing a secure environment for connecting systems in an Internet-specific structure. The wide spread of mobile and embedded devices, able to connect to a network and share information, requires a careful look at the security risks taken by end users. In this context, the workshop will focus on contributions related to the security of mesh and machine-to-machine networks, secure software stacks running on ubiquitous network nodes, and algorithms used to provide secure end-to-end communication between nodes. 

Workshop Topics 
=============== 
The focus of this workshop is to create a secure environment for connecting systems in an Internet-specific structure. These may include, but are not limited to, the following topics: 
* Threat Models in Internet of Things 
* Attack Strategies for Internet of Things 
* Security Architectures 
* Secure Mobile Applications 
* Secure Mobility Management 
* Intrusion and Malware Detection 
* Security in Wireless Sensor Networks 
* Reliable Interactions with Network Services 
* System and Data Integrity 
* Scalability and Robustness for Internet of Things 
* Identity Management in Internet of Things 
* Trustworthiness in Internet of Things 
* Secure Operating Systems 
* Privacy in Internet of Things 
* Adaptive Security in Internet of Things 

Important Dates 
=============== 
* Submission Deadline: June 25th, 2017 
* Author Notification: July 29th, 2017 
* Camera Ready: August 14th, 2017 
* SIoT Workshop and ESORICS Conference: September 14-15th, 2017 

Submission Guidelines 
===================== 
Papers submitted for publishing must adhere to the IEEE template and should be at most 10 pages in this format, including the bibliography and well-marked appendices. The original settings of textwidth and textheight should be preserved. 

Accepted papers will be submitted to IEEE. Note that authors of accepted papers must guarantee that one of the authors will register and present the paper at the conference. 

For more details, please visit our website: http://siot-workshop.org/ 


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<html><body><div style=3D"font-family: times new roman, new york, times, se=
rif; font-size: 12pt; color: #000000"><div>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D<br>Apologies for any cross-posti=
ng<br>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D<br><br>CfP - International Workshop on Secure Internet of Things - SIoT=
 2017, 14 - 15&nbsp; of September, Norwegian University of Science and Tech=
nology (NTNU), Oslo, Norway<br><br>Workshop Description and Scope <br>=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D <br><br>The International Workshop on Secure Internet of Thing=
s 2017 (SIoT 2017) will be held in conjunction with the European Symposium =
on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS 2017) in&nbsp; Oslo, Norway at th=
e&nbsp; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), on September=
 14-15 2017. The proceedings of the workshop will be submitted to IEEE Expl=
ore. <br><br>SIoT is a community where interested stakeholders, from academ=
ia and industry, can present their original work on providing a secure envi=
ronment for connecting systems in an Internet-specific structure. The wide =
spread of mobile and embedded devices, able to connect to a network and sha=
re information, requires a careful look at the security risks taken by end =
users. In this context, the workshop will focus on contributions related to=
 the security of mesh and machine-to-machine networks, secure software stac=
ks running on ubiquitous network nodes, and algorithms used to provide secu=
re end-to-end communication between nodes. <br><br>Workshop Topics <br>=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D <br>The focus of this workshop i=
s to create a secure environment for connecting systems in an Internet-spec=
ific structure. These may include, but are not limited to, the following to=
pics: <br>* Threat Models in Internet of Things <br>* Attack Strategies for=
 Internet of Things <br>* Security Architectures <br>* Secure Mobile Applic=
ations <br>* Secure Mobility Management <br>* Intrusion and Malware Detecti=
on <br>* Security in Wireless Sensor Networks <br>* Reliable Interactions w=
ith Network Services <br>* System and Data Integrity <br>* Scalability and =
Robustness for Internet of Things <br>* Identity Management in Internet of =
Things <br>* Trustworthiness in Internet of Things <br>* Secure Operating S=
ystems <br>* Privacy in Internet of Things <br>* Adaptive Security in Inter=
net of Things <br><br>Important Dates <br>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D <br>* Submission Deadline: June 25th, 2017 <br>* Author Notifi=
cation: July 29th, 2017 <br>* Camera Ready: August 14th, 2017 <br>* SIoT Wo=
rkshop and ESORICS Conference: September 14-15th, 2017<br><br>Submission Gu=
idelines <br>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D <br>Papers submitted for publishing must adhere to the IEEE template an=
d should be at most 10 pages in this format, including the bibliography and=
 well-marked appendices. The original settings of textwidth and textheight =
should be preserved. <br><br>Accepted papers will be submitted to IEEE. Not=
e that authors of accepted papers must guarantee that one of the authors wi=
ll register and present the paper at the conference. <br><br>For more detai=
ls, please visit our website: http://siot-workshop.org/<br><br></div></div>=
</body></html>
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Subject: [Cfrg] How to (pre-)compute a ladder [revised version]
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Dear CFRG community,

We would like to draw your attention to an improved version of our IACR 
pre-print 2017/264 now entitled:

 	"How to (pre-)compute a ladder"

In this revised version, we present an improved differential addition 
formula that uses pre-computation to match the computational cost of the 
classical Montgomery differential addition.

Accordingly, our estimates suggest that a full implementation of our 
pre-computable ladder proposal should outperform state-of-the-art software 
implementations of the X25519 and X448 functions by a 40% speedup when 
working in the fixed-point scenario.

We would be delighted to receive feedback (including sightings of typos) 
from the CFRG community.

With best regards,

Thomaz Oliveira, Julio López, Hüseyin Hisil and Francisco 
Rodríguez-Henríquez
---141290138-861638051-1494547473=:25089--


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Date: Fri, 12 May 2017 14:15:00 -0700
In-Reply-To: <alpine.LFD.2.02.1705111858040.25089@delta.cs.cinvestav.mx>
Cc: "cfrg@irtf.org" <cfrg@irtf.org>, =?utf-8?Q?Julio_C=C3=A9sar_Lopez?= <jlopez@ic.unicamp.br>, Thomaz Oliveira <thomaz.figueiredo@gmail.com>, huseyin.hisil@yasar.edu.tr
To: Francisco Rodriguez- Henriquez <francisco@cs.cinvestav.mx>
References: <CAHOTMVKHA-yJR1oCyPtUp4-aJVc3dTdyxQHNo4xqnJt0hU6jVQ@mail.gmail.com> <CAMm+Lwgm8XzTBarZ1eFePTZGORorBJAeF7brDkhWGQKQVT0LPQ@mail.gmail.com> <CAMm+LwggT_AVv=KjzM1r=6UnkeK+g8zkticXFBDQ0cUXs_PP0A@mail.gmail.com> <CAHOTMVLHPFyi2VWpv85hrZ1MoXqeHYUv52wkMxjj3xp5B4V1cw@mail.gmail.com> <CAMm+Lwgfk1=yEJSbZbaZLvF5k5k66VVSx6MzKLM+DbUV7Ls6Xw@mail.gmail.com> <CAHOTMVK1gYrFiwd8f8zf2zPXYyCorp+jixkcY5FLhfHfv0NkWw@mail.gmail.com> <CAMm+LwjeZdR=ZGX0topN2w6P12jEmR-TQ8M9+anyETj43nbiqg@mail.gmail.com> <CAHOTMVL2e2UjVX6VKgHUbOHrb-gsU8kn_cxY1FdNrnj29cki9g@mail.gmail.com> <alpine.LFD.2.02.1703291804030.8996@delta.cs.cinvestav.mx> <alpine.LFD.2.02.1705111858040.25089@delta.cs.cinvestav.mx>
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/cfrg/f4F5A74jOeKhcAKqDpjTyW92Uv4>
Subject: Re: [Cfrg] How to (pre-)compute a ladder [revised version]
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Hello Francisco et al,

This is a clever and useful piece of work.  It=E2=80=99s a good =
intermediate between just using the standard Montgomery ladder for =
everything, and going to a full Edwards implementation with combs or =
something.  It especially seems useful where power analysis resistance =
is required, because other precomputation methods usually aren=E2=80=99t =
suitable.  The RTL Montgomery ladder (or Joye double-add ladder) is =
already known to be useful in this situation, at least with some =
modification to prevent coordinates from staying the same between =
iterations.  Since you=E2=80=99re speeding up the RTL Montgomery ladder, =
your optimization can slot right in to some implementations.

You should probably compare to existing Edwards precomputation methods =
in your paper, since they are the likely alternative to your technique.  =
In particular, I noticed that you compared against the EBACS version of =
Ed448-Goldilocks.  With a fixed base point, your method uses 41% less =
time for the Montgomery ladder with a 25kiB table.  However, the EBACS =
version of Ed448-Goldilocks doesn=E2=80=99t use the Montgomery ladder =
for fixed-base scalarmul.  Instead it uses a combs algorithm, which uses =
a 15kiB table and takes about 70% less time than the Montgomery ladder; =
see https://bench.cr.yp.to/results-dh.html =
<https://bench.cr.yp.to/results-dh.html>.  Libdecaf likewise uses =
precomputed combs for fixed-base scalarmul.  But your new technique is =
certainly simpler.

Cheers,
=E2=80=94 Mike

> On May 11, 2017, at 5:14 PM, Francisco Rodriguez- Henriquez =
<francisco@cs.cinvestav.mx> wrote:
>=20
> Dear CFRG community,
>=20
> We would like to draw your attention to an improved version of our =
IACR pre-print 2017/264 now entitled:
>=20
> 	"How to (pre-)compute a ladder"
>=20
> In this revised version, we present an improved differential addition =
formula that uses pre-computation to match the computational cost of the =
classical Montgomery differential addition.
>=20
> Accordingly, our estimates suggest that a full implementation of our =
pre-computable ladder proposal should outperform state-of-the-art =
software implementations of the X25519 and X448 functions by a 40% =
speedup when working in the fixed-point scenario.
>=20
> We would be delighted to receive feedback (including sightings of =
typos) from the CFRG community.
>=20
> With best regards,
>=20
> Thomaz Oliveira, Julio L=C3=B3pez, H=C3=BCseyin Hisil and Francisco =
Rodr=C3=ADguez-Henr=C3=ADquez_____________________________________________=
__
> Cfrg mailing list
> Cfrg@irtf.org
> https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/cfrg


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<html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html =
charset=3Dutf-8"></head><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" =
class=3D""><div class=3D"">Hello Francisco et al,</div><div class=3D""><br=
 class=3D""></div><div class=3D"">This is a clever and useful piece of =
work. &nbsp;It=E2=80=99s a good intermediate between just using the =
standard Montgomery ladder for everything, and going to a full Edwards =
implementation with combs or something. &nbsp;It especially seems useful =
where power analysis resistance is required, because other =
precomputation methods usually aren=E2=80=99t suitable. &nbsp;The RTL =
Montgomery ladder (or Joye double-add ladder) is already known to be =
useful in this situation, at least with some modification to prevent =
coordinates from staying the same between iterations. &nbsp;Since =
you=E2=80=99re speeding up the RTL Montgomery ladder, your optimization =
can slot right in to some implementations.</div><div class=3D""><br =
class=3D""></div><div class=3D"">You should probably compare to existing =
Edwards precomputation methods in your paper, since they are the likely =
alternative to your technique. &nbsp;In particular, I noticed that you =
compared against the EBACS version of Ed448-Goldilocks. &nbsp;With a =
fixed base point, your method uses 41% less time for the Montgomery =
ladder with a 25kiB table. &nbsp;However, the EBACS version of =
Ed448-Goldilocks doesn=E2=80=99t use the Montgomery ladder for =
fixed-base scalarmul. &nbsp;Instead it uses a combs algorithm, which =
uses a 15kiB table and takes about 70% less time than the Montgomery =
ladder; see&nbsp;<a href=3D"https://bench.cr.yp.to/results-dh.html" =
class=3D"">https://bench.cr.yp.to/results-dh.html</a>. &nbsp;Libdecaf =
likewise uses precomputed combs for fixed-base scalarmul. &nbsp;But your =
new technique is certainly simpler.</div><div class=3D""><br =
class=3D""></div><div class=3D"">Cheers,</div><div class=3D"">=E2=80=94 =
Mike</div><div class=3D""><br class=3D""></div><div><blockquote =
type=3D"cite" class=3D""><div class=3D"">On May 11, 2017, at 5:14 PM, =
Francisco Rodriguez- Henriquez &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:francisco@cs.cinvestav.mx" =
class=3D"">francisco@cs.cinvestav.mx</a>&gt; wrote:</div><br =
class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=3D""><div class=3D"">Dear =
CFRG community,<br class=3D""><br class=3D"">We would like to draw your =
attention to an improved version of our IACR pre-print 2017/264 now =
entitled:<br class=3D""><br class=3D""><span class=3D"Apple-tab-span" =
style=3D"white-space:pre">	</span>"How to (pre-)compute a =
ladder"<br class=3D""><br class=3D"">In this revised version, we present =
an improved differential addition formula that uses pre-computation to =
match the computational cost of the classical Montgomery differential =
addition.<br class=3D""><br class=3D"">Accordingly, our estimates =
suggest that a full implementation of our pre-computable ladder proposal =
should outperform state-of-the-art software implementations of the =
X25519 and X448 functions by a 40% speedup when working in the =
fixed-point scenario.<br class=3D""><br class=3D"">We would be delighted =
to receive feedback (including sightings of typos) from the CFRG =
community.<br class=3D""><br class=3D"">With best regards,<br =
class=3D""><br class=3D"">Thomaz Oliveira, Julio L=C3=B3pez, H=C3=BCseyin =
Hisil and Francisco =
Rodr=C3=ADguez-Henr=C3=ADquez_____________________________________________=
__<br class=3D"">Cfrg mailing list<br class=3D""><a =
href=3D"mailto:Cfrg@irtf.org" class=3D"">Cfrg@irtf.org</a><br =
class=3D"">https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/cfrg<br =
class=3D""></div></div></blockquote></div><br class=3D""></body></html>=

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From: "Paterson, Kenny" <Kenny.Paterson@rhul.ac.uk>
To: "irsg@irtf.org" <irsg@irtf.org>
CC: Alexey Melnikov <alexey.melnikov@isode.com>, "draft-nir-cfrg-rfc7539bis.authors@ietf.org" <draft-nir-cfrg-rfc7539bis.authors@ietf.org>, "cfrg@irtf.org" <cfrg@irtf.org>, "irtf-chair@irtf.org" <irtf-chair@irtf.org>
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From nobody Tue May 16 10:40:15 2017
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From: Dan Brown <danibrown@blackberry.com>
To: "cfrg@irtf.org" <cfrg@irtf.org>
Thread-Topic: ECC mod 8^91+5
Thread-Index: AdLNjx77PpyZT1/ZSIWijHcZu9CKCQ==
Date: Tue, 16 May 2017 17:35:33 +0000
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Subject: [Cfrg] ECC mod 8^91+5
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Hi all,

I'm considering writing an I-D on doing ECC over the field of size
   8^91+5    (=3D2^273+5),
because it:
- is written in just 6 symbols (=3Dlow Kolmogorov complexity, heuristically=
 minimizing threat of NOBUS-trapdoor),
- has easy and fast inversion, Legendre symbols, and square roots,
- has efficient arithmetic using at most five 64-bit words (use base 2^55),
- is at least 2^(256-epsilon),
- is (probably) prime, so not an extension field (has no subfields for desc=
ent-type attacks on ECDLP).
Other fields can improve on some of these properties, but might worsen the =
others.

For ECC with this field, I am also considering the special curve
   2y^2=3Dx^3+x,
because it:
- is written in just 10 symbols (similar gains to 6-symbol field),
- has Montgomery form (and easily converts to Weierstrass),
- has efficient endomorphism (so it is a GLV curve),
- is similar to curves already suggested by Miller in 1985 (well-aged),
- is similar to sect256k1 already used in bitcoin (incentivized),
- has an small enough cofactor 72 (over field size 8^91+5),
- avoids the main ECDLP attacks: Pohlig-Hellman, Menezes-Okamoto-Vanstone, =
etc.,
- is similar to the special curves of Koblitz-Menezes [ia.cr/2008/390, Sec =
11.1, Example 5] resisting a speculative attack.
The motivation for this special curve largely matches the motivation for th=
e special field.

The curve's risks are at least:
- CM (endomorphism) makes it potentially weak (after 32 years of being safe=
) (note exactly opposing Koblitz-Menezes rationale),=20
- its small coefficients are weak for some unpublished reason (continuing t=
rend of weak small-coefficients, y^2=3Dx^3 (singular), supersingular, etc. =
being weak),
- weak twist order (so, it requires a static ECDH Montgomery ladder to use =
public key validation),=20
- weak Cheon resistance (but this is an attack with many queries, much comp=
utation, and faulty or no KDF).
- den Boer or Maurer-Wolf reductions are not tight as possible, so perhaps =
it has a big gap between DHP and DLP
Other curves (over this field) can reduce these risks, but may also lose so=
me of the benefits.

Overall, E(GF(8^91+5)):2y^2=3Dx^3+x might offer competitive efficiency with=
 fairly reasonable security (for 128-bit symmetric keys). It is only an inc=
remental change over other standard ECC curves, not anything too radical. =
=20

I'd be happy to hear what CFRG thinks, or if the CFRG would welcome such an=
 I-D as a CFRG work item.  I hope to have this topic presented briefly at a=
n upcoming CFRG meeting.

Best regards,

Dan Brown





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To: Dan Brown <danibrown@blackberry.com>, "cfrg@irtf.org" <cfrg@irtf.org>
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From: David Jacobson <dmjacobson@sbcglobal.net>
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Subject: Re: [Cfrg] ECC mod 8^91+5
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8^91+5 is provably prime.

In Mathematica I loaded the PrimalityProving module, and checked whether 
8^91+5 was prime, and got True, along with a "Certificate" that is about 
2 pages long.  I don't know the math of certificates, but if anyone in 
interested I can post the certificate.

     --David

On 5/16/17 10:35 AM, Dan Brown wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I'm considering writing an I-D on doing ECC over the field of size
>     8^91+5    (=2^273+5),
> because it:
> - is written in just 6 symbols (=low Kolmogorov complexity, heuristically minimizing threat of NOBUS-trapdoor),
> - has easy and fast inversion, Legendre symbols, and square roots,
> - has efficient arithmetic using at most five 64-bit words (use base 2^55),
> - is at least 2^(256-epsilon),
> - is (probably) prime, so not an extension field (has no subfields for descent-type attacks on ECDLP).
> Other fields can improve on some of these properties, but might worsen the others.
>
> For ECC with this field, I am also considering the special curve
>     2y^2=x^3+x,
> because it:
> - is written in just 10 symbols (similar gains to 6-symbol field),
> - has Montgomery form (and easily converts to Weierstrass),
> - has efficient endomorphism (so it is a GLV curve),
> - is similar to curves already suggested by Miller in 1985 (well-aged),
> - is similar to sect256k1 already used in bitcoin (incentivized),
> - has an small enough cofactor 72 (over field size 8^91+5),
> - avoids the main ECDLP attacks: Pohlig-Hellman, Menezes-Okamoto-Vanstone, etc.,
> - is similar to the special curves of Koblitz-Menezes [ia.cr/2008/390, Sec 11.1, Example 5] resisting a speculative attack.
> The motivation for this special curve largely matches the motivation for the special field.
>
> The curve's risks are at least:
> - CM (endomorphism) makes it potentially weak (after 32 years of being safe) (note exactly opposing Koblitz-Menezes rationale),
> - its small coefficients are weak for some unpublished reason (continuing trend of weak small-coefficients, y^2=x^3 (singular), supersingular, etc. being weak),
> - weak twist order (so, it requires a static ECDH Montgomery ladder to use public key validation),
> - weak Cheon resistance (but this is an attack with many queries, much computation, and faulty or no KDF).
> - den Boer or Maurer-Wolf reductions are not tight as possible, so perhaps it has a big gap between DHP and DLP
> Other curves (over this field) can reduce these risks, but may also lose some of the benefits.
>
> Overall, E(GF(8^91+5)):2y^2=x^3+x might offer competitive efficiency with fairly reasonable security (for 128-bit symmetric keys). It is only an incremental change over other standard ECC curves, not anything too radical.
>
> I'd be happy to hear what CFRG thinks, or if the CFRG would welcome such an I-D as a CFRG work item.  I hope to have this topic presented briefly at an upcoming CFRG meeting.
>
> Best regards,
>
> Dan Brown
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Cfrg mailing list
> Cfrg@irtf.org
> https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/cfrg
>


From nobody Thu May 18 12:20:59 2017
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From: Dan Brown <danibrown@blackberry.com>
To: "cfrg@irtf.org" <cfrg@irtf.org>
Thread-Topic: ECC mod 8^91+5
Thread-Index: AdLNjx77PpyZT1/ZSIWijHcZu9CKCQCeRPzA
Date: Thu, 18 May 2017 19:14:55 +0000
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Clarifying a few things over my previous message:
- 8^91+5 has fast modular reduction mainly due its being close to a power o=
f 2 (in contrast to 7^98-2).
- 8^91+5 is a little further than I first thought from the specifics of Kob=
litz-Menezes Example 5, because the conductor seems to have several more pr=
ime factors, rather than the single prime in the KM construction - sorry if=
 I gave the wrong impression.  Perhaps portions of the KM example 5 argumen=
t might yet apply to 2y^2=3Dx^3+x/GF(8^91+5).
- 8^91+5 as a field size might be a little awkward.  For ECDH, we take adva=
ntage of the endomorphism (x,y)->(-x,iy), to drop a sign bit from x.  This =
fits x into 34 bytes.  This is larger than the usual 128-bit secure ECC cur=
ves, which can use 32 bytes, so they require extra data to send and store. =
 The byte length is not a multiple of 4, let alone power of two, but I am n=
ot sure how much trouble that would be. =20


From nobody Tue May 23 08:56:53 2017
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Date: Tue, 23 May 2017 08:56:45 -0700
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Subject: [Cfrg] I-D Action: draft-irtf-cfrg-gcmsiv-05.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Crypto Forum of the IETF.

        Title           : AES-GCM-SIV: Nonce Misuse-Resistant Authenticated Encryption
        Authors         : Shay Gueron
                          Adam Langley
                          Yehuda Lindell
	Filename        : draft-irtf-cfrg-gcmsiv-05.txt
	Pages           : 28
	Date            : 2017-05-23

Abstract:
   This memo specifies two authenticated encryption algorithms that are
   nonce misuse-resistant - that is that they do not fail
   catastrophically if a nonce is repeated.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-irtf-cfrg-gcmsiv/

There are also htmlized versions available at:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-gcmsiv-05
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-gcmsiv-05

A diff from the previous version is available at:
https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-irtf-cfrg-gcmsiv-05


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


From nobody Tue May 23 09:01:39 2017
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From: Adam Langley <agl@imperialviolet.org>
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Subject: Re: [Cfrg] I-D Action: draft-irtf-cfrg-gcmsiv-05.txt
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--94eb2c05a27c132af10550331a47
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"

On Tue, May 23, 2017 at 8:56 AM, <internet-drafts@ietf.org> wrote:

>
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
> directories.
> This draft is a work item of the Crypto Forum of the IETF.
>
>         Title           : AES-GCM-SIV: Nonce Misuse-Resistant
> Authenticated Encryption
>         Authors         : Shay Gueron
>                           Adam Langley
>                           Yehuda Lindell
>         Filename        : draft-irtf-cfrg-gcmsiv-05.txt
>         Pages           : 28
>         Date            : 2017-05-23
>

Dear CFRG,

The updates in this version are minor: some intermediate values in the test
vectors were incorrect and have been fixed. Also, a couple of test vectors
have been added that test the behaviour of counter wraparound, at the
suggestion of Bleichenbacher.

We would also like to note that AES-GCM-SIV is now included in BoringSSL
and Google is in the process of deploying it for encrypting source-address
tokens in QUIC.


Cheers

AGL

--94eb2c05a27c132af10550331a47
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On T=
ue, May 23, 2017 at 8:56 AM,  <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:inter=
net-drafts@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">internet-drafts@ietf.org</a>&gt;</sp=
an> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px=
 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><br>
A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.<br>
This draft is a work item of the Crypto Forum of the IETF.<br>
<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Title=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0:=
 AES-GCM-SIV: Nonce Misuse-Resistant Authenticated Encryption<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Authors=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0: Shay=
 Gueron<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Adam Langley<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Yehuda Lindell<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Filename=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 : draft-irt=
f-cfrg-gcmsiv-05.txt<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Pages=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0:=
 28<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Date=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 :=
 2017-05-23<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Dear CFRG,</div><div><br></=
div><div>The updates in this version are minor: some intermediate values in=
 the test vectors were incorrect and have been fixed. Also, a couple of tes=
t vectors have been added that test the behaviour of counter wraparound, at=
 the suggestion of Bleichenbacher.</div><div><br></div><div>We would also l=
ike to note that AES-GCM-SIV is now included in BoringSSL and Google is in =
the process of deploying it for encrypting source-address tokens in QUIC.</=
div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Cheers</div><div><br></div><div>AGL=
=C2=A0</div></div>
</div></div>

--94eb2c05a27c132af10550331a47--

