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From: Paul Wouters <paul@xelerance.com>
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Subject: Re: [keyassure] Objective: Restrictive versus Supplementary Models
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On Thu, 31 Mar 2011, Yoav Nir wrote:

> Cert-lock (and CA-lock) are what EKR calls supplementary, while the others are the restrictive. While the sever (and domain owner) can't dictate client policy, they should be able to indicate whether the Certificate (TA or EE) that's in the TLSA record is supposed to be validatable or not. The client (relying party) may have a policy to ignore records that push a non-valid certificate, but if you're going to publish a record with a certificate that you have just issued using openssl on your laptop and expires in 1975, the TLSA record had better reflect that this certificate is just a container for a public key, not something you can chain and validate.
>
> So I think the requirements document should describe EKR's use cases, and require that the TLSA record be able to differentiate between records that are appropriate for the two use cases.

Are you really suggesting some kind of indicator that says "you can ignore the cruft from the cert that is bogus
that I vouched for via the RRSIG"?

Paul

From paul@xelerance.com  Fri Apr  1 00:16:33 2011
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From: Paul Wouters <paul@xelerance.com>
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On Thu, 31 Mar 2011, Martin Rex wrote:

> To me, processing unsigned TLSA records is similar to
> processing unsigned OCSP responses or unsigned CRLs.
> I would not do the latter, and I'm in doubt that the former
> is a good idea.

Agreed.

Paul

From ynir@checkpoint.com  Fri Apr  1 00:18:42 2011
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From: Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com>
To: Paul Wouters <paul@xelerance.com>
Date: Fri, 1 Apr 2011 10:20:17 +0300
Thread-Topic: [keyassure] Objective: Restrictive versus Supplementary Models
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On Apr 1, 2011, at 10:18 AM, Paul Wouters wrote:

> On Thu, 31 Mar 2011, Martin Rex wrote:
>=20
>> To me, processing unsigned TLSA records is similar to
>> processing unsigned OCSP responses or unsigned CRLs.
>> I would not do the latter, and I'm in doubt that the former
>> is a good idea.
>=20
> Agreed.
>=20
> Paul

+1  (and it's also like an unsigned cert)


From paul@xelerance.com  Fri Apr  1 00:21:20 2011
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Subject: Re: [keyassure] The draft and subj alt names
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On Fri, 1 Apr 2011, Jay Daley wrote:

>> As I've said in other threads, this WG should be silent on requirements for certificate names, since different applications use TLS certificate names in different ways.  See for example the difference between RFC 2818 and RFC 6125.  The text you reference in the draft is technically harmless ("must" not "MUST"), but should probably be deleted anyway.
>
> There are two separate issues here:
> a) whether we think name matching is still needed with DANE
> b) what the draft should say about that
>
> On a) I would make the case that name matching is should not be done because
> - DNSSEC provides sufficient trust
> - name matching forces certain operational decisions onto end user (e.g. multiple certs, cert reuse) that are unreasonable

Also, image you have to keep updating your cert in DANE every time you add/remove a
vhost and you have to update the subjectAltname. One of the advantages of putting it
in DNS is that you know the name of the entity without having to look inside the cert.

The cert is just a legacy container for the public key. We should not be adding policy
in DANE that entangles DANE with PKIX (or any other trust scheme)

Paul

From ynir@checkpoint.com  Fri Apr  1 00:21:21 2011
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From: Yoav Nir <ynir@checkpoint.com>
To: Paul Wouters <paul@xelerance.com>
Date: Fri, 1 Apr 2011 10:22:40 +0300
Thread-Topic: [keyassure] Objective: Restrictive versus Supplementary Models
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On Apr 1, 2011, at 10:13 AM, Paul Wouters wrote:

> On Thu, 31 Mar 2011, Yoav Nir wrote:
>=20
>> Cert-lock (and CA-lock) are what EKR calls supplementary, while the othe=
rs are the restrictive. While the sever (and domain owner) can't dictate cl=
ient policy, they should be able to indicate whether the Certificate (TA or=
 EE) that's in the TLSA record is supposed to be validatable or not. The cl=
ient (relying party) may have a policy to ignore records that push a non-va=
lid certificate, but if you're going to publish a record with a certificate=
 that you have just issued using openssl on your laptop and expires in 1975=
, the TLSA record had better reflect that this certificate is just a contai=
ner for a public key, not something you can chain and validate.
>>=20
>> So I think the requirements document should describe EKR's use cases, an=
d require that the TLSA record be able to differentiate between records tha=
t are appropriate for the two use cases.
>=20
> Are you really suggesting some kind of indicator that says "you can ignor=
e the cruft from the cert that is bogus
> that I vouched for via the RRSIG"?

Stated like this, it conveys policy. I just want it to say that this is the=
 cert I'm going to use, and I can't vouch for anything there besides the pu=
blic key.=

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On Fri, 1 Apr 2011, Yoav Nir wrote:

>>> So I think the requirements document should describe EKR's use cases, and require that the TLSA record be able to differentiate between records that are appropriate for the two use cases.
>>
>> Are you really suggesting some kind of indicator that says "you can ignore the cruft from the cert that is bogus
>> that I vouched for via the RRSIG"?
>
> Stated like this, it conveys policy. I just want it to say that this is the cert I'm going to use, and I can't vouch for anything there besides the public key.

The obvious answer here is to make it explicit that you are only vouching for the public key... by only putting
the public key in the DANE record to sign.

1) You're not signing items you want the client to ignore
2) You're not signing for information that contradicts itself (RRSIG/TTL vs Expiry or RRlabel vs Subject*)

Paul

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Subject: Re: [keyassure] Objective: Restrictive versus Supplementary Models
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: keyassure-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:keyassure-bounces@ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Eric Rescorla
> Sent: Wednesday, March 30, 2011 2:28 PM
> To: Richard L. Barnes
> Cc: keyassure@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [keyassure] Objective: Restrictive versus Supplementary
Models
>=20
> On Wed, Mar 30, 2011 at 2:18 PM, Richard L. Barnes <rbarnes@bbn.com>
> wrote:
> > I agree with Ekr and Steve that these are the right goals. =A0I =
don't have
any
> further goals to add. =A0Just trying to re-state in bullet-point form:
> >
> > 1. Cert-lock / CA-lock
> > 1.1. Use case:
> > 1.1.1. Client initiates TLS connection and gets server cert chain
> > 1.1.2. Client performs normal TLS/PKIX validation on cert chain =
1.1.3.
> > Client retrieves DANE records from DNS 1.1.4. DANE records specify =
EE
> > or CA certs that MUST be present in cert chain 1.1.5. Client =
verifies
> > that TLS cert chain meets DANE constraints 1.2. Security goal: =
Defend
> > against issuance of other certs for this domain 1.3. DNSSEC
> > RECOMMENDED, not REQUIRED; attacker can only cause connection =
failure
> >
> > 2. Domain-managed authentication
> > 2.1. Use case:
> > 2.1.1. Client retrieves DANE records from DNS 2.1.2. DANE records
> > specify Trust Anchors for PKIX certificate validation 2.1.3. Client
> > adds DANE CA certs to TA store (optionally, drops all others) 2.1.3.
> > Client initiates TLS connection and gets server cert chain 2.1.4.
> > Client performs normal TLS/PKIX validation on cert chain

I have some concerns about making these a TA in all cases.  Specifically =
if
this is an intermediate CA in a chain that goes to a TA that I have
configured in my system.  Turning this CA into a TA means that any
configuration information that I have on my TA plus any extensions that =
are
in CA certificates between the TA and CA in the DANE statement are all
suddenly ignored.  I think this is bad behavior.

Jim

>=20
> I don't think this last point has consensus. Certainly, in the case =
where
the
> certificate in question is the terminal certificate, I think at least =
some
people
> don't care if it's invalid from a PKIX perspective.
>=20
> -Ekr
>=20
> > 2.2. Security goal: Allow TLS to work without pre-configured TAs =
2.3.
> > DNSSEC REQUIRED; attacker can insert bogus TAs
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > On Mar 30, 2011, at 10:48 AM, Eric Rescorla wrote:
> >
> >> To follow up on my comments at the microphone, there are two
> >> potential objectives for technology of this type:
> >>
> >> 1. Protecting against CA mis-issue (as in CA/cert lock).
> >> 2. Allowing TLS to work without getting a certificate from one of =
the
> >> established trust anchors.
> >>
> >> In the first case, the idea would be that the relying party would =
go
> >> through its ordinary validation logic and if that failed, would
> >> reject the certificate. However, if the validation succeeded, it
> >> would check DNS and if that check failed, would then reject the
> >> certificate. Only if both checks succeeded would the certificate be
> >> accepted. [0] The objective of this type of mechanism would be =
simply
> >> to defend against unauthorized certificate issuance.
> >> Note that in this case, the DANE data need not be DNSSEC secured,
> >> because an attacker who tampers with it will solely be able to =
cause
> >> a connection failure, and in many cases (TLS, SSH, etc.) an =
attacker
> >> with those capabilities can tamper with the A record and block the
> >> connection that way.
> >>
> >> In the second case, the intention is to allow clients to =
effectively
> >> bypass the existing trust hierarchy by injecting a new trust point
> >> via the DNS. Thus, either the certificate validation simply will =
not
> >> be used at all (in the case where a terminal certificate is =
provided)
> >> or will be used up to a newly inserted trust anchor. In either =
case,
> >> the presumptive rationale here is that it's too inconvenient to =
deal
> >> with the existing CAs and that DANE will be easier.
> >> This version of DANE *does* need to be protected via DNSSEC because
> >> tampering with these records allows the attacker to impersonate the
> >> authenticating party to the relying party.
> >>
> >>
> >> The draft to some extent conflates these two objectives, since it
> >> *both* injects a new trust
> >> anchor and restricts the list of potential certificates. It does =
not
> >> allow you to simply restrict the list of CAs/certificates without
> >> also injecting a new trust point.
> >>
> >>
> >> Opinion follows:
> >> For my money the most important driving use case for this work is =
the
> >> first case, for two reasons. First, it's the more pressing problem
> >> since it's not really
> >> *that* hard to get a
> >> certificate from one of the existing CAs, but this also means that =
we
> >> have to worry about mis-issue by misbehaving CAs, as we have =
recently
> >> seen. Second, the incremental deployment story is much easier, =
since
> >> clients which don't speak DANE will just not be protected against
> >> attack, whereas in the second case clients which don't speak DANE
> >> will experience certificate errors when connecting to a DANE-only
> >> site.
> >>
> >> -Ekr
> >>
> >>
> >> [0] The checks can be done in either order. This is only for =
clarity.
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> keyassure mailing list
> >> keyassure@ietf.org
> >> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/keyassure
> >
> >
> _______________________________________________
> keyassure mailing list
> keyassure@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/keyassure


From rbarnes@bbn.com  Fri Apr  1 06:09:22 2011
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Subject: Re: [keyassure] The draft and subj alt names
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Let me phrase it differently.  If you give DANE specific name matching =
requirements, then you not only have to update the appropriate =
application RFCs, you have to change all the corresponding code.  If you =
look at HTTPS libraries, for example:=20
-- Most of them will only check the cert against the domain name in the =
HTTPS URI (with no user-configurability)
-- Some can be configured to accept a list of names
-- None that I'm aware of have a "don't check the name" option. =20
(Some of them don't ever check names, but they're non-compliant anyway.)

This is not to mention that if you put a cert with the wrong domain name =
in TLS, you're going to break non-DANE clients. =20

I don't think that all this trouble is worth the small optimization, and =
(not to be a process weenie) I don't think that working at the =
application layer is within the scope of this working group.

--Richard


On Apr 1, 2011, at 5:15 AM, Jay Daley wrote:

> On 1/04/2011, at 3:06 PM, Richard L. Barnes wrote:
>=20
>> The only choice that avoids updating several RFCs is 5.
>=20
> Is that your only reason for not wanting to tackle this?  Do you have =
any view on the nature of trust that DNSSEC provides to applications or =
not?
>=20
>> Just leave it alone!
>=20
> No.
>=20
> warmest regards
> Jay
>=20
>> --Richard
>>=20
>>=20
>> On Mar 31, 2011, at 10:41 PM, Jay Daley wrote:
>>=20
>>> On 1/04/2011, at 12:12 AM, Richard L. Barnes wrote:
>>>=20
>>>> As I've said in other threads, this WG should be silent on =
requirements for certificate names, since different applications use TLS =
certificate names in different ways.  See for example the difference =
between RFC 2818 and RFC 6125.  The text you reference in the draft is =
technically harmless ("must" not "MUST"), but should probably be deleted =
anyway.
>>>=20
>>> There are two separate issues here:
>>> a) whether we think name matching is still needed with DANE
>>> b) what the draft should say about that
>>>=20
>>> On a) I would make the case that name matching is should not be done =
because
>>> - DNSSEC provides sufficient trust
>>> - name matching forces certain operational decisions onto end user =
(e.g. multiple certs, cert reuse) that are unreasonable
>>>=20
>>> On b) There are six options for the draft:
>>>=20
>>> 1.  State that name matching must be done
>>> 2.  State that name matching must not be done
>>> 3.  Leave it to applications with a recommendation to match
>>> 4.  Leave it to applications with a recommendation not to match
>>> 5.  Leave it to applications with no recommendation
>>> 6.  Add a flag into TLSA that specifies whether name matching is to =
be done or not
>>>=20
>>> My choice, in order of preference would be 2, 6, 4. =20
>>>=20
>>> Jay
>>>=20
>>>>=20
>>>> --Richard
>>>>=20
>>>>=20
>>>>=20
>>>> On Mar 31, 2011, at 12:05 PM, Olle E. Johansson wrote:
>>>>=20
>>>>> I have read the draft and reacted to one thing. Sorry if this =
already have been discussed on the list.
>>>>>=20
>>>>> The draft -06 says
>>>>> "The end entity certificate from TLS, regardless of whether it was
>>>>> matched with a TLSA type 1 certificate or chained to a TLSA type 2 =
CA
>>>>> certificate, must have at least one identifier in the subject or
>>>>> subjectAltName field of the matched certificates matches the =
expected
>>>>> identifier for the TLS server. "
>>>>>=20
>>>>> The new RFC 6125 tells us that we should:
>>>>> "Move toward including and checking even more specific
>>>>>  subjectAlternativeName extensions where appropriate for using the
>>>>>  protocol (e.g., uniformResourceIdentifier and the otherName form
>>>>>  SRVName)."
>>>>>=20
>>>>> I feel we need to be more specific in the draft.  What type of =
subjectAltName should we match with?
>>>>> dnsName?
>>>>>=20
>>>>> And if we're using SIP, and have URI's in the certificate - should =
that be part of this draft
>>>>> or should we open for protocol-specific specifications for other =
types of subject Alt Names?
>>>>>=20
>>>>> /O
>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>> keyassure mailing list
>>>>> keyassure@ietf.org
>>>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/keyassure
>>>>=20
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> keyassure mailing list
>>>> keyassure@ietf.org
>>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/keyassure
>>>=20
>>>=20
>>> --=20
>>> Jay Daley
>>> Chief Executive
>>> .nz Registry Services (New Zealand Domain Name Registry Limited)
>>> desk: +64 4 931 6977
>>> mobile: +64 21 678840
>>>=20
>>=20
>=20
>=20
> --=20
> Jay Daley
> Chief Executive
> .nz Registry Services (New Zealand Domain Name Registry Limited)
> desk: +64 4 931 6977
> mobile: +64 21 678840
>=20


From mrex@sap.com  Fri Apr  1 06:55:13 2011
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Subject: Re: [keyassure] The draft and subj alt names
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Jay Daley wrote:
> 
> 6.  Add a flag into TLSA that specifies
>     whether name matching is to be done or not

I think that (6.) would be the most sensible solution.

Especially for self-signed X.509 certificates, it doesn't make sense
to look at name attributes of the certificate at all, because these
are all self-asserted attributes, not certified attributes.  The
only thing that really matters is the public key.

Today's browsers show a very intimidating warning page when they
receive a server cert that doesn't match their expectations.
But once you have convinced your browser that you want to connect,
and to make this decision persistent (cert pinning), then there
are no more warnings on further connects about mismatches on
name attributes of the certificate.


TLSv1.2  1. Introduction, last sentence

  http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5246#page-5

                                  the decisions on how to initiate TLS
   handshaking and how to interpret the authentication certificates
   exchanged are left to the judgment of the designers and implementors
   of protocols that run on top of TLS.

HTTP over TLS, 3.1 Server Endpoint Indentification, 2nd paragraph

  http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2818#section-3.1

   If the client has external information as to the expected identity of
   the server, the hostname check MAY be omitted. (For instance, a
   client may be connecting to a machine whose address and hostname are
   dynamic but the client knows the certificate that the server will
   present.)


or the new RFC-6125

  http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6125#page-8

   o  Keys or certificates employed outside the context of PKIX-based
      systems.

      Some deployed application technologies use a web of trust model
      based on or similar to OpenPGP [OPENPGP], or use self-signed
      certificates, or are deployed on networks that are not directly
      connected to the public Internet and therefore cannot depend on
      Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) or the Online Certificate
      Status Protocol [OCSP] to check CA-issued certificates.  However,
      the method for binding a public key to an identifier in OpenPGP
      differs essentially from the method in X.509, the data in self-
      signed certificates has not been certified by a third party in any
      way, [...]
  

-Martin

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Subject: Re: [keyassure] The draft and subj alt names
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On 1.4.2011 15:56, Martin Rex wrote:
> Jay Daley wrote:
>>
>> 6.  Add a flag into TLSA that specifies
>>      whether name matching is to be done or not
>
> I think that (6.) would be the most sensible solution.

This starts to look like overengineering.  Let's not put too many 
ingreedients into one pot please.

> Especially for self-signed X.509 certificates, it doesn't make sense
> to look at name attributes of the certificate at all, because these
> are all self-asserted attributes, not certified attributes.  The
> only thing that really matters is the public key.

On the other hand it's not that hard to issue a self-signed CA issued 
cert which matches the domain name, isn't it?

The other option would be use the bare keys (see Paul W. proposal in TLS 
WG).  E.g. if you use X.509 do match, if you use bare key, don't match.

> TLSv1.2  1. Introduction, last sentence
>
>    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5246#page-5
>
>                                    the decisions on how to initiate TLS
>     handshaking and how to interpret the authentication certificates
>     exchanged are left to the judgment of the designers and implementors
>     of protocols that run on top of TLS.
>
> HTTP over TLS, 3.1 Server Endpoint Indentification, 2nd paragraph
>
>    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2818#section-3.1
>
>     If the client has external information as to the expected identity of
>     the server, the hostname check MAY be omitted. (For instance, a
>     client may be connecting to a machine whose address and hostname are
>     dynamic but the client knows the certificate that the server will
>     present.)
>
>
> or the new RFC-6125
>
>    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6125#page-8
>
>     o  Keys or certificates employed outside the context of PKIX-based
>        systems.
>
>        Some deployed application technologies use a web of trust model
>        based on or similar to OpenPGP [OPENPGP], or use self-signed
>        certificates, or are deployed on networks that are not directly
>        connected to the public Internet and therefore cannot depend on
>        Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) or the Online Certificate
>        Status Protocol [OCSP] to check CA-issued certificates.  However,
>        the method for binding a public key to an identifier in OpenPGP
>        differs essentially from the method in X.509, the data in self-
>        signed certificates has not been certified by a third party in any
>        way, [...]

I think that those paragraphs are exactly the reason why the option 
"Leave it alone - it's up to the application" is most appropriate for 
the DANE WG.  And there will be interest I think that it could be solved 
elsewhere or here as BCP RFC.

O.
-- 
  Ondřej Surý
  vedoucí výzkumu/Head of R&D department
  -------------------------------------------
  CZ.NIC, z.s.p.o.    --    Laboratoře CZ.NIC
  Americka 23, 120 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic
  mailto:ondrej.sury@nic.cz    http://nic.cz/
  tel:+420.222745110       fax:+420.222745112
  -------------------------------------------

From jschmidt@jasadvisors.com  Fri Apr  1 14:34:08 2011
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From: Jeff Schmidt <jschmidt@jasadvisors.com>
To: Paul Wouters <paul@xelerance.com>, Jay Daley <jay@nzrs.net.nz>
Thread-Topic: [keyassure] The draft and subj alt names
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On 4/1/11 2:22 AM, "Paul Wouters" <paul@xelerance.com> wrote:
>The cert is just a legacy container for the public key. We should not be
>adding policy
>in DANE that entangles DANE with PKIX (or any other trust scheme)

+1.  Or have an easy way to unwind any such entanglements (i.e. make them
optional).

Jeff


From Jeff.Hodges@KingsMountain.com  Mon Apr  4 07:49:25 2011
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Subject: Re: [keyassure] The draft and subj alt names
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On Mar 31, 2011, at 12:05 PM, Olle E. Johansson wrote:

 > I have read the draft and reacted to one thing. Sorry if this already have 
been discussed on the list.
 >
 > The draft -06 says
 > "The end entity certificate from TLS, regardless of whether it was
 >   matched with a TLSA type 1 certificate or chained to a TLSA type 2 CA
 >   certificate, must have at least one identifier in the subject or
 >   subjectAltName field of the matched certificates matches the expected
 >   identifier for the TLS server. "
 >
 > The new RFC 6125 tells us that we should:
 > "Move toward including and checking even more specific
 >      subjectAlternativeName extensions where appropriate for using the
 >      protocol (e.g., uniformResourceIdentifier and the otherName form
 >      SRVName)."
 >


"Richard L. Barnes" <rbarnes@bbn.com> replied on Thu, 31 Mar 2011 13:12:32 +0200..
 >
 > As I've said in other threads, this WG should be silent on requirements for
 > certificate names, since different applications use TLS certificate names in
 > different ways.


+1 to what Richard says.

The RFC6125 (aka "TLS Server Identity Check") text quoted by Olle is a 
suggestion to _applications_ to move away from CN-ID and towards leveraging 
SubjectAlternativeName (SAN) name types in terms of the identifiers embedded in 
certs and checked against _at the app layer_ during TLS connection establishment.

I think that Richard is correct that what the DANE WG is designing lies "below" 
the applications, and it is still their job to ascertain whether the name(s) 
embedded in the cert used to secure the connection meaningfully match the 
intended server. Please see sections 1 and 2 of RFC6125 for an in-depth 
discussion of the nuances.

HTH,

=JeffH





