## 5.2 Structuring Command Types

The chapter structuring commands fall into four groups or series, each of which contains structuring commands corresponding to the hierarchical levels of chapters, sections, subsections, and subsubsections.

The four groups are the `@chapter` series, the `@unnumbered` series, the `@appendix` series, and the `@heading` series.

Each command produces titles that have a different appearance on the printed page or Info file; only some of the commands produce titles that are listed in the table of contents of a printed book or manual.

- The `@chapter` and `@appendix` series of commands produce numbered or lettered entries both in the body of a printed work and in its table of contents.
- The `@unnumbered` series of commands produce unnumbered entries both in the body of a printed work and in its table of contents. The `@top` command, which has a special use, is a member of this series (see section `@top`).
- The `@heading` series of commands produce unnumbered headings that do not appear in a table of contents. The heading commands never start a new page.
- The `@majorheading` command produces results similar to using the `@chapheading` command but generates a larger vertical whitespace before the heading.
- When an `@setchapternewpage` command says to do so, the `@chapter`, `@unnumbered`, and `@appendix` commands start new pages in the printed manual; the `@heading` commands do not.

Here are the four groups of chapter structuring commands:

|  |  | No new page
Numbered | Unnumbered | Lettered/numbered | Unnumbered
In contents | In contents | In contents | Omitted from contents
| `@top` |  | `@majorheading`
`@chapter` | `@unnumbered` | `@appendix` | `@chapheading`
`@section` | `@unnumberedsec` | `@appendixsec` | `@heading`
`@subsection` | `@unnumberedsubsec` | `@appendixsubsec` | `@subheading`
`@subsubsection` | `@unnumberedsubsubsec` | `@appendixsubsubsec` | `@subsubheading`

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