hello.texi(,2) @c %**start of header
hello.texi(,3) @setfilename hello.info
version.texi(,1) @set UPDATED 28 March 2002
version.texi(,2) @set UPDATED-MONTH March 2002
version.texi(,3) @set EDITION 4.2
version.texi(,4) @set VERSION 4.2
hello.texi(,5) @settitle GNU Hello 4.2
hello.texi(,6) @c %**end of header
hello.texi(,7) 
hello.texi(,24) @c If your manual is published on paper by the FSF, it should include
hello.texi(,25) @c the standard FSF Front-Cover and Back-Cover Texts, as given in
hello.texi(,26) @c maintain.texi.
hello.texi(,27) 
hello.texi(,28) @c Define a new index for options.
hello.texi(,29) @defcodeindex op
hello.texi(,30) @c Combine everything into one index (arbitrarily chosen to be the
hello.texi(,31) @c concept index).
hello.texi(,32) @syncodeindex op cp
hello.texi(,33) 
hello.texi(,34) @dircategory Basics
hello.texi(,35) @direntry
hello.texi(,36) * Hello: (hello).               Hello, GNU world.
hello.texi(,37) @end direntry
hello.texi(,38) 
hello.texi(,47) 
hello.texi(,48) @contents
hello.texi(,49) 
hello.texi(,50) 
hello.texi(,52) @node Top
hello.texi(,53) @top GNU Hello
hello.texi(,54) 
hello.texi(,55) This manual is for GNU Hello (version 4.2, 28 March 2002).
hello.texi(,57) 
hello.texi(,58) @menu
hello.texi(,59) * Overview::		General purpose and information.
hello.texi(,60) * Sample output::	Sample output from @command{hello}.
hello.texi(,61) * Invoking hello::	How to run @command{hello}.
hello.texi(,62) * Reporting bugs::	Sending bug reports and feature suggestions.
hello.texi(,63) * GNU Free Documentation License:: Copying and sharing this documentation.
hello.texi(,64) * Concept index::	Index of concepts.
hello.texi(,65) @end menu
hello.texi(,66) 
hello.texi(,67) 
hello.texi(,68) @node Overview
hello.texi(,69) @chapter Overview
hello.texi(,70) 
hello.texi(,71) @cindex greetings
hello.texi(,72) @cindex overview
hello.texi(,73) 
hello.texi(,74) The GNU @command{hello} program
hello.texi(,75) (@url{http://www.gnu.org/software/hello/}) produces a familiar,
hello.texi(,76) friendly greeting.  It allows nonprogrammers to use a classic computer
hello.texi(,77) science tool which would otherwise be unavailable to them.  Because it
hello.texi(,78) is protected by the GNU General Public License, users are free (in
hello.texi(,79) perpetuity) to share and change it.
hello.texi(,80) 
hello.texi(,81) @cindex joke, not
hello.texi(,82) Not to spoil the joke, but of course the practical purpose of GNU
hello.texi(,83) Hello is to serve as a minimal example of a GNU package.  So, although
hello.texi(,84) most manuals don't need to discuss the implementation of the programs
hello.texi(,85) they document, that is part of the goal here.
hello.texi(,86) 
hello.texi(,87) @cindex GNU coding standards
hello.texi(,88) @cindex GNU maintainer standards
hello.texi(,89) @cindex standards, GNU coding
hello.texi(,90) @cindex standards, GNU maintainer
hello.texi(,91) First, GNU Hello follows the GNU coding standards
hello.texi(,92) (@pxref{Top,,Preface,standards, GNU Coding Standards}) and GNU
hello.texi(,93) maintainer standards (@pxref{Top,,Preface,maintain, Information for
hello.texi(,94) GNU Maintainers}).  These are the basic documents which all GNU
hello.texi(,95) packages should adhere to.
hello.texi(,96) 
hello.texi(,97) The Hello package also implements recommended development practices
hello.texi(,98) not embodied in the standards, using other GNU packages and features:
hello.texi(,99) 
hello.texi(,100) @itemize @bullet
hello.texi(,101) 
hello.texi(,102) @item
hello.texi(,103) @cindex Automake
hello.texi(,104) @cindex Autoconf
hello.texi(,105) It uses Automake (@pxref{Top,,Introduction,Automake,GNU Automake}) and
hello.texi(,106) hence also Autoconf (@pxref{Top,,Introduction,Autoconf,GNU Autoconf})
hello.texi(,107) for configuration.
hello.texi(,108) 
hello.texi(,109) @item
hello.texi(,110) @cindex Gnulib
hello.texi(,111) It uses Gnulib (@pxref{Top,,Gnulib,gnulib,GNU Gnulib}) to enhance
hello.texi(,112) portability and avoid duplication of common sources.
hello.texi(,113) 
hello.texi(,114) @item
hello.texi(,115) @cindex Gettext
hello.texi(,116) GNU Gettext (@pxref{Top,,Introduction,gettext,GNU Gettext}) is used
hello.texi(,117) for internationalization support.  Hello's greeting has been translated
hello.texi(,118) into many languages.
hello.texi(,119) 
hello.texi(,120) @item
hello.texi(,121) @opindex --help
hello.texi(,122) Internally, Hello uses the GNU @code{getopt_long} function
hello.texi(,123) (@pxref{Getopt Long Options,,,libc,GNU C Library}) to parse options,
hello.texi(,124) thus supporting GNU-style long options such as @option{--help}.
hello.texi(,125) 
hello.texi(,126) @item
hello.texi(,127) @cindex Help2man
hello.texi(,128) Man pages are generated with GNU @code{help2man}
hello.texi(,129) (@pxref{Top,,Overview,help2man,GNU @code{help2man}}) from the
hello.texi(,130) @option{--help} output.  This relieves the maintainers of the burden
hello.texi(,131) of maintaining man documentation separately, yet provides a reasonable
hello.texi(,132) overview for man devotees.
hello.texi(,133) 
hello.texi(,134) @item
hello.texi(,135) @cindex Texinfo
hello.texi(,136) Finally, Texinfo (@pxref{Top,,Introduction,texinfo,Texinfo}) is the
hello.texi(,137) documentation format for this manual.  It supports output in Info,
hello.texi(,138) HTML, PDF, DVI, plain text, XML, and other formats.
hello.texi(,139) 
hello.texi(,140) @end itemize
hello.texi(,141) 
hello.texi(,142) GNU Hello is implemented in C.  GNU Gettext contains ``hello world''
hello.texi(,143) examples in a variety of other programming languages; see the Gettext
hello.texi(,144) home page at @url{http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/}.  
hello.texi(,145) 
hello.texi(,146) @cindex authors
hello.texi(,147) @cindex Haertel, Mike
hello.texi(,148) @cindex MacKenzie, David
hello.texi(,149) @cindex Brittenson, Jan
hello.texi(,150) @cindex Hannum, Charles
hello.texi(,151) @cindex McGrath, Roland
hello.texi(,152) @cindex Friedman, Noah
hello.texi(,153) @cindex Eichwalder, Karl
hello.texi(,154) @cindex King, The
hello.texi(,155) @cindex Berry, Karl
hello.texi(,156) GNU Hello was written by Mike Haertel, David MacKenzie, Jan
hello.texi(,157) Brittenson, Charles Hannum, Roland McGrath, Noah Friedman, Karl
hello.texi(,158) Eichwalder, Karl Berry, and @w{The King}.
hello.texi(,159) 
hello.texi(,160) 
hello.texi(,161) @node Sample output
hello.texi(,162) @chapter Sample output
hello.texi(,163) 
hello.texi(,164) @cindex sample output
hello.texi(,165) @cindex examples
hello.texi(,166) 
hello.texi(,167) Here are some realistic examples of running GNU Hello.
hello.texi(,168) 
hello.texi(,169) This is the output of the command @samp{hello}:
hello.texi(,170) 
hello.texi(,171) @example
hello.texi(,172) Hello, world!
hello.texi(,173) @end example
hello.texi(,174) 
hello.texi(,175) This is the output of the command @samp{hello --traditional}:
hello.texi(,176) 
hello.texi(,177) @example
hello.texi(,178) hello, world
hello.texi(,179) @end example
hello.texi(,180) 
hello.texi(,181) This is the output of the command @samp{hello --greeting=hi}:
hello.texi(,182) 
hello.texi(,183) @example
hello.texi(,184) hi
hello.texi(,185) @end example
hello.texi(,186) 
hello.texi(,187) 
hello.texi(,188) @node Invoking hello
hello.texi(,189) @chapter Invoking @command{hello}
hello.texi(,190) 
hello.texi(,191) @cindex invoking
hello.texi(,192) @cindex options
hello.texi(,193) @cindex usage
hello.texi(,194) @cindex help
hello.texi(,195) 
hello.texi(,196) The format for running the @command{hello} program is:
hello.texi(,197) 
hello.texi(,198) @example
hello.texi(,199) hello @var{option} @dots{}
hello.texi(,200) @end example
hello.texi(,201) 
hello.texi(,202) With no options, @command{hello} prints the greeting @samp{Hello,
hello.texi(,203) world!}.
hello.texi(,204) 
hello.texi(,205) @command{hello} supports the following options:
hello.texi(,206) 
hello.texi(,207) @table @option
hello.texi(,208) @item --greeting=@var{text}
hello.texi(,209) @itemx -g @var{text}
hello.texi(,210) @opindex --greeting
hello.texi(,211) @opindex -g
hello.texi(,212) Output @var{text} instead of the default greeting.
hello.texi(,213) 
hello.texi(,214) @item --help
hello.texi(,215) @itemx -h
hello.texi(,216) @opindex --help
hello.texi(,217) @opindex -h
hello.texi(,218) Print an informative help message on standard output and exit
hello.texi(,219) successfully.
hello.texi(,220) 
hello.texi(,221) @cindex environment variables, help for
hello.texi(,222) For the @option{--help} output of GNU programs, it's strongly
hello.texi(,223) encouraged to include a brief (one or two sentences) description of
hello.texi(,224) what the program does, as well as the synopsis of how to run the
hello.texi(,225) program.  Any environment variables which affect execution should also
hello.texi(,226) be mentioned (Hello doesn't have any).
hello.texi(,227) 
hello.texi(,228) @item --next-generation
hello.texi(,229) @itemx -n
hello.texi(,230) @opindex --next-generation
hello.texi(,231) @opindex -n
hello.texi(,232) Output @samp{Hello, world!}, but possibly including box-drawing
hello.texi(,233) characters or other fancy stuff, especially in translated locales.
hello.texi(,234) (If you would like to volunteer to translate messages for GNU packages,
hello.texi(,235) please see @url{http://translationproject.org}.)
hello.texi(,236) 
hello.texi(,237) @item --traditional
hello.texi(,238) @itemx -t
hello.texi(,239) @opindex --traditional
hello.texi(,240) @opindex -t
hello.texi(,241) @cindex traditional
hello.texi(,242) @cindex modern
hello.texi(,243) Output the traditional greeting message @samp{hello, world}.
hello.texi(,244) 
hello.texi(,245) @item --version
hello.texi(,246) @itemx -v
hello.texi(,247) @opindex --version
hello.texi(,248) @opindex -v
hello.texi(,249) Print the version number and licensing information of Hello on
hello.texi(,250) standard output and then exit successfully.
hello.texi(,251) 
hello.texi(,252) @end table
hello.texi(,253) 
hello.texi(,254) If more than one of the greeting options (@option{-g}, @option{-n},
hello.texi(,255) @option{-t}, and their long-named equivalents) is specified, whichever
hello.texi(,256) comes last takes precedence.
hello.texi(,257) 
hello.texi(,258) 
hello.texi(,259) @node Reporting bugs
hello.texi(,260) @chapter Reporting bugs
hello.texi(,261) 
hello.texi(,262) @cindex bug reporting
hello.texi(,263) @cindex problems
hello.texi(,264) @cindex reporting bugs
hello.texi(,265) 
hello.texi(,266) To report bugs or suggest enhancements for GNU Hello, please
hello.texi(,267) send electronic mail to @email{bug-hello@@gnu.org}.
hello.texi(,268) 
hello.texi(,269) @cindex checklist for bug reports
hello.texi(,270) For bug reports, please include enough information for the maintainers
hello.texi(,271) to reproduce the problem.  Generally speaking, that means:
hello.texi(,272) 
hello.texi(,273) @itemize @bullet
hello.texi(,274) @item The version numbers of Hello (which you can find by running
hello.texi(,275)       @w{@samp{hello --version}}) and any other program(s) or
hello.texi(,276)       manual(s) involved.
hello.texi(,277) @item Hardware and operating system names and versions.
hello.texi(,278) @item The contents of any input files necessary to reproduce the bug.
hello.texi(,279) @item The expected behavior and/or output.
hello.texi(,280) @item A description of the problem and samples of any erroneous output.
hello.texi(,281) @item Options you gave to @command{configure} other than specifying
hello.texi(,282)       installation directories.
hello.texi(,283) @item Anything else that you think would be helpful.
hello.texi(,284) @end itemize
hello.texi(,285) 
hello.texi(,286) When in doubt whether something is needed or not, include it.  It's
hello.texi(,287) better to include too much than to leave out something important.
hello.texi(,288) 
hello.texi(,289) @cindex patches, contributing
hello.texi(,290) Patches are welcome; if possible, please make them with @samp{@w{diff
hello.texi(,291) -c}} (@pxref{Top,, Overview, diff, Comparing and Merging Files}) and
hello.texi(,292) include @file{ChangeLog} entries (@pxref{Change Log,,, emacs, The GNU
hello.texi(,293) Emacs Manual}).  Please follow the existing coding style.
hello.texi(,294) 
hello.texi(,295) 
hello.texi(,296) @node GNU Free Documentation License
hello.texi(,297) @appendix GNU Free Documentation License
hello.texi(,298) 
fdl-hello.texi(,1) @c The GNU Free Documentation License.
fdl-hello.texi(,2) @center Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
fdl-hello.texi(,3) 
fdl-hello.texi(,4) @c This file is intended to be included within another document,
fdl-hello.texi(,5) @c hence no sectioning command or @node.
fdl-hello.texi(,6) 
fdl-hello.texi(,7) @display
fdl-hello.texi(,8) Copyright @copyright{} 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
fdl-hello.texi(,9) @uref{http://fsf.org/}
fdl-hello.texi(,10) 
fdl-hello.texi(,11) Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
fdl-hello.texi(,12) of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
fdl-hello.texi(,13) @end display
fdl-hello.texi(,14) 
fdl-hello.texi(,15) @enumerate 0
fdl-hello.texi(,16) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,17) PREAMBLE
fdl-hello.texi(,18) 
fdl-hello.texi(,19) The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
fdl-hello.texi(,20) functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to
fdl-hello.texi(,21) assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
fdl-hello.texi(,22) with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
fdl-hello.texi(,23) Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
fdl-hello.texi(,24) to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
fdl-hello.texi(,25) for modifications made by others.
fdl-hello.texi(,26) 
fdl-hello.texi(,27) This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
fdl-hello.texi(,28) works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
fdl-hello.texi(,29) complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
fdl-hello.texi(,30) license designed for free software.
fdl-hello.texi(,31) 
fdl-hello.texi(,32) We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
fdl-hello.texi(,33) software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
fdl-hello.texi(,34) program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
fdl-hello.texi(,35) software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
fdl-hello.texi(,36) it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
fdl-hello.texi(,37) whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
fdl-hello.texi(,38) principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
fdl-hello.texi(,39) 
fdl-hello.texi(,40) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,41) APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
fdl-hello.texi(,42) 
fdl-hello.texi(,43) This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
fdl-hello.texi(,44) contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
fdl-hello.texi(,45) distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
fdl-hello.texi(,46) world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
fdl-hello.texi(,47) work under the conditions stated herein.  The ``Document'', below,
fdl-hello.texi(,48) refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
fdl-hello.texi(,49) licensee, and is addressed as ``you''.  You accept the license if you
fdl-hello.texi(,50) copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
fdl-hello.texi(,51) under copyright law.
fdl-hello.texi(,52) 
fdl-hello.texi(,53) A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
fdl-hello.texi(,54) Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
fdl-hello.texi(,55) modifications and/or translated into another language.
fdl-hello.texi(,56) 
fdl-hello.texi(,57) A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section
fdl-hello.texi(,58) of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
fdl-hello.texi(,59) publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
fdl-hello.texi(,60) subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
fdl-hello.texi(,61) directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in
fdl-hello.texi(,62) part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
fdl-hello.texi(,63) any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
fdl-hello.texi(,64) connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
fdl-hello.texi(,65) commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
fdl-hello.texi(,66) them.
fdl-hello.texi(,67) 
fdl-hello.texi(,68) The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
fdl-hello.texi(,69) are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
fdl-hello.texi(,70) that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
fdl-hello.texi(,71) section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
fdl-hello.texi(,72) allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
fdl-hello.texi(,73) Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
fdl-hello.texi(,74) Sections then there are none.
fdl-hello.texi(,75) 
fdl-hello.texi(,76) The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
fdl-hello.texi(,77) as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
fdl-hello.texi(,78) the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
fdl-hello.texi(,79) be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
fdl-hello.texi(,80) 
fdl-hello.texi(,81) A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
fdl-hello.texi(,82) represented in a format whose specification is available to the
fdl-hello.texi(,83) general public, that is suitable for revising the document
fdl-hello.texi(,84) straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
fdl-hello.texi(,85) pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
fdl-hello.texi(,86) drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
fdl-hello.texi(,87) for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
fdl-hello.texi(,88) to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
fdl-hello.texi(,89) format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
fdl-hello.texi(,90) or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
fdl-hello.texi(,91) An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
fdl-hello.texi(,92) of text.  A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
fdl-hello.texi(,93) 
fdl-hello.texi(,94) Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
fdl-hello.texi(,95) @sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input
fdl-hello.texi(,96) format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available
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fdl-hello.texi(,98) PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification.  Examples
fdl-hello.texi(,99) of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and
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fdl-hello.texi(,105) output purposes only.
fdl-hello.texi(,106) 
fdl-hello.texi(,107) The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
fdl-hello.texi(,108) plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
fdl-hello.texi(,109) this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
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fdl-hello.texi(,111) the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
fdl-hello.texi(,112) preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
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fdl-hello.texi(,114) The ``publisher'' means any person or entity that distributes copies
fdl-hello.texi(,115) of the Document to the public.
fdl-hello.texi(,116) 
fdl-hello.texi(,117) A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
fdl-hello.texi(,118) title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
fdl-hello.texi(,119) text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
fdl-hello.texi(,120) specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
fdl-hello.texi(,121) ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.)  To ``Preserve the Title''
fdl-hello.texi(,122) of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
fdl-hello.texi(,123) section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
fdl-hello.texi(,124) 
fdl-hello.texi(,125) The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
fdl-hello.texi(,126) states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
fdl-hello.texi(,127) Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
fdl-hello.texi(,128) License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
fdl-hello.texi(,129) implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
fdl-hello.texi(,130) no effect on the meaning of this License.
fdl-hello.texi(,131) 
fdl-hello.texi(,132) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,133) VERBATIM COPYING
fdl-hello.texi(,134) 
fdl-hello.texi(,135) You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
fdl-hello.texi(,136) commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
fdl-hello.texi(,137) copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
fdl-hello.texi(,138) to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
fdl-hello.texi(,139) conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
fdl-hello.texi(,140) technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
fdl-hello.texi(,141) copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
fdl-hello.texi(,142) compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
fdl-hello.texi(,143) number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
fdl-hello.texi(,144) 
fdl-hello.texi(,145) You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
fdl-hello.texi(,146) you may publicly display copies.
fdl-hello.texi(,147) 
fdl-hello.texi(,148) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,149) COPYING IN QUANTITY
fdl-hello.texi(,150) 
fdl-hello.texi(,151) If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
fdl-hello.texi(,152) printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
fdl-hello.texi(,153) Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
fdl-hello.texi(,154) copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
fdl-hello.texi(,155) Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
fdl-hello.texi(,156) the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
fdl-hello.texi(,157) you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
fdl-hello.texi(,158) the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
fdl-hello.texi(,159) visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
fdl-hello.texi(,160) Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
fdl-hello.texi(,161) the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
fdl-hello.texi(,162) as verbatim copying in other respects.
fdl-hello.texi(,163) 
fdl-hello.texi(,164) If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
fdl-hello.texi(,165) legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
fdl-hello.texi(,166) reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
fdl-hello.texi(,167) pages.
fdl-hello.texi(,168) 
fdl-hello.texi(,169) If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
fdl-hello.texi(,170) more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
fdl-hello.texi(,171) copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
fdl-hello.texi(,172) a computer-network location from which the general network-using
fdl-hello.texi(,173) public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
fdl-hello.texi(,174) a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
fdl-hello.texi(,175) If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
fdl-hello.texi(,176) when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
fdl-hello.texi(,177) that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
fdl-hello.texi(,178) location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
fdl-hello.texi(,179) Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
fdl-hello.texi(,180) edition to the public.
fdl-hello.texi(,181) 
fdl-hello.texi(,182) It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
fdl-hello.texi(,183) Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
fdl-hello.texi(,184) them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
fdl-hello.texi(,185) 
fdl-hello.texi(,186) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,187) MODIFICATIONS
fdl-hello.texi(,188) 
fdl-hello.texi(,189) You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
fdl-hello.texi(,190) the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
fdl-hello.texi(,191) the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
fdl-hello.texi(,192) Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
fdl-hello.texi(,193) and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
fdl-hello.texi(,194) of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
fdl-hello.texi(,195) 
fdl-hello.texi(,196) @enumerate A
fdl-hello.texi(,197) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,198) Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
fdl-hello.texi(,199) from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
fdl-hello.texi(,200) (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
fdl-hello.texi(,201) of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
fdl-hello.texi(,202) if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
fdl-hello.texi(,203) 
fdl-hello.texi(,204) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,205) List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
fdl-hello.texi(,206) responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
fdl-hello.texi(,207) Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
fdl-hello.texi(,208) Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
fdl-hello.texi(,209) unless they release you from this requirement.
fdl-hello.texi(,210) 
fdl-hello.texi(,211) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,212) State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
fdl-hello.texi(,213) Modified Version, as the publisher.
fdl-hello.texi(,214) 
fdl-hello.texi(,215) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,216) Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
fdl-hello.texi(,217) 
fdl-hello.texi(,218) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,219) Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
fdl-hello.texi(,220) adjacent to the other copyright notices.
fdl-hello.texi(,221) 
fdl-hello.texi(,222) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,223) Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
fdl-hello.texi(,224) giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
fdl-hello.texi(,225) terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
fdl-hello.texi(,226) 
fdl-hello.texi(,227) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,228) Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
fdl-hello.texi(,229) and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
fdl-hello.texi(,230) 
fdl-hello.texi(,231) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,232) Include an unaltered copy of this License.
fdl-hello.texi(,233) 
fdl-hello.texi(,234) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,235) Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
fdl-hello.texi(,236) to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
fdl-hello.texi(,237) publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
fdl-hello.texi(,238) there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
fdl-hello.texi(,239) stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
fdl-hello.texi(,240) given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
fdl-hello.texi(,241) Version as stated in the previous sentence.
fdl-hello.texi(,242) 
fdl-hello.texi(,243) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,244) Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
fdl-hello.texi(,245) public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
fdl-hello.texi(,246) the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
fdl-hello.texi(,247) it was based on.  These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
fdl-hello.texi(,248) You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
fdl-hello.texi(,249) least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
fdl-hello.texi(,250) publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
fdl-hello.texi(,251) 
fdl-hello.texi(,252) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,253) For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve
fdl-hello.texi(,254) the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
fdl-hello.texi(,255) substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
fdl-hello.texi(,256) dedications given therein.
fdl-hello.texi(,257) 
fdl-hello.texi(,258) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,259) Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
fdl-hello.texi(,260) unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
fdl-hello.texi(,261) or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
fdl-hello.texi(,262) 
fdl-hello.texi(,263) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,264) Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''.  Such a section
fdl-hello.texi(,265) may not be included in the Modified Version.
fdl-hello.texi(,266) 
fdl-hello.texi(,267) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,268) Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or
fdl-hello.texi(,269) to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
fdl-hello.texi(,270) 
fdl-hello.texi(,271) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,272) Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
fdl-hello.texi(,273) @end enumerate
fdl-hello.texi(,274) 
fdl-hello.texi(,275) If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
fdl-hello.texi(,276) appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
fdl-hello.texi(,277) copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
fdl-hello.texi(,278) of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
fdl-hello.texi(,279) list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
fdl-hello.texi(,280) These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
fdl-hello.texi(,281) 
fdl-hello.texi(,282) You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
fdl-hello.texi(,283) nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
fdl-hello.texi(,284) parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
fdl-hello.texi(,285) been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
fdl-hello.texi(,286) standard.
fdl-hello.texi(,287) 
fdl-hello.texi(,288) You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
fdl-hello.texi(,289) passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
fdl-hello.texi(,290) of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
fdl-hello.texi(,291) Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
fdl-hello.texi(,292) through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
fdl-hello.texi(,293) includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
fdl-hello.texi(,294) by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
fdl-hello.texi(,295) you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
fdl-hello.texi(,296) permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
fdl-hello.texi(,297) 
fdl-hello.texi(,298) The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
fdl-hello.texi(,299) give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
fdl-hello.texi(,300) imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
fdl-hello.texi(,301) 
fdl-hello.texi(,302) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,303) COMBINING DOCUMENTS
fdl-hello.texi(,304) 
fdl-hello.texi(,305) You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
fdl-hello.texi(,306) License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
fdl-hello.texi(,307) versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
fdl-hello.texi(,308) Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
fdl-hello.texi(,309) list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
fdl-hello.texi(,310) license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
fdl-hello.texi(,311) 
fdl-hello.texi(,312) The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
fdl-hello.texi(,313) multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
fdl-hello.texi(,314) copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
fdl-hello.texi(,315) different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
fdl-hello.texi(,316) adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
fdl-hello.texi(,317) author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
fdl-hello.texi(,318) Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
fdl-hello.texi(,319) Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
fdl-hello.texi(,320) 
fdl-hello.texi(,321) In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
fdl-hello.texi(,322) in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
fdl-hello.texi(,323) ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
fdl-hello.texi(,324) and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''.  You must delete all
fdl-hello.texi(,325) sections Entitled ``Endorsements.''
fdl-hello.texi(,326) 
fdl-hello.texi(,327) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,328) COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
fdl-hello.texi(,329) 
fdl-hello.texi(,330) You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
fdl-hello.texi(,331) released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
fdl-hello.texi(,332) License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
fdl-hello.texi(,333) the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
fdl-hello.texi(,334) verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
fdl-hello.texi(,335) 
fdl-hello.texi(,336) You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
fdl-hello.texi(,337) it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
fdl-hello.texi(,338) License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
fdl-hello.texi(,339) other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
fdl-hello.texi(,340) 
fdl-hello.texi(,341) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,342) AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
fdl-hello.texi(,343) 
fdl-hello.texi(,344) A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
fdl-hello.texi(,345) and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
fdl-hello.texi(,346) distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
fdl-hello.texi(,347) resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
fdl-hello.texi(,348) of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
fdl-hello.texi(,349) When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
fdl-hello.texi(,350) apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
fdl-hello.texi(,351) derivative works of the Document.
fdl-hello.texi(,352) 
fdl-hello.texi(,353) If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
fdl-hello.texi(,354) copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
fdl-hello.texi(,355) the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
fdl-hello.texi(,356) covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
fdl-hello.texi(,357) electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
fdl-hello.texi(,358) Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
fdl-hello.texi(,359) aggregate.
fdl-hello.texi(,360) 
fdl-hello.texi(,361) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,362) TRANSLATION
fdl-hello.texi(,363) 
fdl-hello.texi(,364) Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
fdl-hello.texi(,365) distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
fdl-hello.texi(,366) Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
fdl-hello.texi(,367) permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
fdl-hello.texi(,368) translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
fdl-hello.texi(,369) original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
fdl-hello.texi(,370) translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
fdl-hello.texi(,371) Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
fdl-hello.texi(,372) the original English version of this License and the original versions
fdl-hello.texi(,373) of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
fdl-hello.texi(,374) the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
fdl-hello.texi(,375) or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
fdl-hello.texi(,376) 
fdl-hello.texi(,377) If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
fdl-hello.texi(,378) ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
fdl-hello.texi(,379) its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
fdl-hello.texi(,380) title.
fdl-hello.texi(,381) 
fdl-hello.texi(,382) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,383) TERMINATION
fdl-hello.texi(,384) 
fdl-hello.texi(,385) You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
fdl-hello.texi(,386) except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
fdl-hello.texi(,387) otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
fdl-hello.texi(,388) will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
fdl-hello.texi(,389) 
fdl-hello.texi(,390) However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
fdl-hello.texi(,391) from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
fdl-hello.texi(,392) unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
fdl-hello.texi(,393) terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
fdl-hello.texi(,394) fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
fdl-hello.texi(,395) 60 days after the cessation.
fdl-hello.texi(,396) 
fdl-hello.texi(,397) Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
fdl-hello.texi(,398) reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
fdl-hello.texi(,399) violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
fdl-hello.texi(,400) received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
fdl-hello.texi(,401) copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
fdl-hello.texi(,402) your receipt of the notice.
fdl-hello.texi(,403) 
fdl-hello.texi(,404) Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
fdl-hello.texi(,405) licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
fdl-hello.texi(,406) this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
fdl-hello.texi(,407) reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
fdl-hello.texi(,408) not give you any rights to use it.
fdl-hello.texi(,409) 
fdl-hello.texi(,410) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,411) FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
fdl-hello.texi(,412) 
fdl-hello.texi(,413) The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
fdl-hello.texi(,414) of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
fdl-hello.texi(,415) versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
fdl-hello.texi(,416) differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
fdl-hello.texi(,417) @uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}.
fdl-hello.texi(,418) 
fdl-hello.texi(,419) Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
fdl-hello.texi(,420) If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
fdl-hello.texi(,421) License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
fdl-hello.texi(,422) following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
fdl-hello.texi(,423) of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
fdl-hello.texi(,424) Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
fdl-hello.texi(,425) number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
fdl-hello.texi(,426) as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Document
fdl-hello.texi(,427) specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
fdl-hello.texi(,428) License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
fdl-hello.texi(,429) version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
fdl-hello.texi(,430) Document.
fdl-hello.texi(,431) 
fdl-hello.texi(,432) @item
fdl-hello.texi(,433) RELICENSING
fdl-hello.texi(,434) 
fdl-hello.texi(,435) ``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site'' (or ``MMC Site'') means any
fdl-hello.texi(,436) World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
fdl-hello.texi(,437) provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works.  A
fdl-hello.texi(,438) public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.  A
fdl-hello.texi(,439) ``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration'' (or ``MMC'') contained in the
fdl-hello.texi(,440) site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
fdl-hello.texi(,441) site.
fdl-hello.texi(,442) 
fdl-hello.texi(,443) ``CC-BY-SA'' means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
fdl-hello.texi(,444) license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
fdl-hello.texi(,445) corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
fdl-hello.texi(,446) California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
fdl-hello.texi(,447) published by that same organization.
fdl-hello.texi(,448) 
fdl-hello.texi(,449) ``Incorporate'' means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
fdl-hello.texi(,450) in part, as part of another Document.
fdl-hello.texi(,451) 
fdl-hello.texi(,452) An MMC is ``eligible for relicensing'' if it is licensed under this
fdl-hello.texi(,453) License, and if all works that were first published under this License
fdl-hello.texi(,454) somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole
fdl-hello.texi(,455) or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections,
fdl-hello.texi(,456) and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
fdl-hello.texi(,457) 
fdl-hello.texi(,458) The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
fdl-hello.texi(,459) under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
fdl-hello.texi(,460) provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
fdl-hello.texi(,461) 
fdl-hello.texi(,462) @end enumerate
fdl-hello.texi(,463) 
fdl-hello.texi(,464) @page
fdl-hello.texi(,465) @heading ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
fdl-hello.texi(,466) 
fdl-hello.texi(,467) To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
fdl-hello.texi(,468) the License in the document and put the following copyright and
fdl-hello.texi(,469) license notices just after the title page:
fdl-hello.texi(,470) 
fdl-hello.texi(,471) @smallexample
fdl-hello.texi(,472) @group
fdl-hello.texi(,473)   Copyright (C)  @var{year}  @var{your name}.
fdl-hello.texi(,474)   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
fdl-hello.texi(,475)   under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
fdl-hello.texi(,476)   or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
fdl-hello.texi(,477)   with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
fdl-hello.texi(,478)   Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
fdl-hello.texi(,479)   Free Documentation License''.
fdl-hello.texi(,480) @end group
fdl-hello.texi(,481) @end smallexample
fdl-hello.texi(,482) 
fdl-hello.texi(,483) If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
fdl-hello.texi(,484) replace the ``with@dots{}Texts.'' line with this:
fdl-hello.texi(,485) 
fdl-hello.texi(,486) @smallexample
fdl-hello.texi(,487) @group
fdl-hello.texi(,488)     with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with
fdl-hello.texi(,489)     the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts
fdl-hello.texi(,490)     being @var{list}.
fdl-hello.texi(,491) @end group
fdl-hello.texi(,492) @end smallexample
fdl-hello.texi(,493) 
fdl-hello.texi(,494) If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
fdl-hello.texi(,495) combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
fdl-hello.texi(,496) situation.
fdl-hello.texi(,497) 
fdl-hello.texi(,498) If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
fdl-hello.texi(,499) recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
fdl-hello.texi(,500) free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
fdl-hello.texi(,501) to permit their use in free software.
fdl-hello.texi(,502) 
fdl-hello.texi(,503) @c Local Variables:
fdl-hello.texi(,504) @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"
fdl-hello.texi(,505) @c End:
fdl-hello.texi(,506) 
hello.texi(,300) 
hello.texi(,301) 
hello.texi(,302) @node Concept index
hello.texi(,303) @unnumbered Concept index
hello.texi(,304) 
hello.texi(,305) @printindex cp
hello.texi(,306) 
hello.texi(,307) @bye
