SETBUF(3)

NAME
setbuf, setbuffer, setlinebuf, setvbuf - stream buffering operations

SYNOPSIS
#include <stdio.h>

void setbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf);
void setbuffer(FILE *stream, char *buf, size_t size);
void setlinebuf(FILE *stream);
int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int mode , size_t size);

DESCRIPTION
The three types of buffering available are unbuffered, block buffered, and line buffered. When an output stream is unbuffered, information appears on the destination file or terminal as soon as written; when it is block buffered many characters are saved up and written as a block; when it is line buffered characters are saved up until a newline is output or input is read from any stream attached to a terminal device (typically stdin). The function fflush(3) may be used to force the block out early. (See fclose(3).) Normally all files are block buffered. When the first I/O operation occurs on a file, malloc(3) is called, and a buffer is obtained. If a stream refers to a terminal (as stdout normally does) it is line buffered. The standard error stream stderr is always unbuffered by default.

The setvbuf() function may be used on any open stream to change its buffer. The mode parameter must be one of the following three macros:

    _IONBF
        unbuffered

    _IOLBF
        line buffered

    _IOFBF
        fully buffered

Except for unbuffered files, the buf argument should point to a buffer at least size bytes long; this buffer will be used instead of the current buffer. If the argument buf is NULL, only the mode is affected; a new buffer will be allocated on the next read or write operation. The setvbuf() function may only be used after opening a stream and before any other operations have been performed on it.

The other three calls are, in effect, simply aliases for calls to setvbuf(). The setbuf() function is exactly equivalent to the call

    setvbuf(stream, buf, buf ? _IOFBF : _IONBF, BUFSIZ);

The setbuffer() function is the same, except that the size of the buffer is up to the caller, rather than being determined by the default BUFSIZ. The setlinebuf() function is exactly equivalent to the call:

    setvbuf(stream, (char *) NULL, _IOLBF, 0);

RETURN VALUE
The function setvbuf() returns 0 on success. It can return any value on failure, but returns non-zero when mode is invalid or the request cannot be honoured. It may set errno on failure. The other functions are void.

CONFORMING TO
The setbuf() and setvbuf() functions conform to C89 and C99.

BUGS
The setbuffer() and setlinebuf() functions are not portable to versions of BSD before 4.2BSD, and are available under Linux since libc 4.5.21. On 4.2BSD and 4.3BSD systems, setbuf() always uses a suboptimal buffer size and should be avoided.

You must make sure that both buf and the space it points to still exist by the time stream is closed, which also happens at program termination.

For example, the following is illegal:

#include <stdio.h>
int
main(void)
{
    char buf[BUFSIZ];
    setbuf(stdin, buf);
    printf("Hello, world!\n");
    return 0;
}

SEE ALSO
fclose(3), fflush(3), fopen(3), fread(3), malloc(3), printf(3), puts(3)