# translation of kstars_darkmatter.po to 
# translation of kstars_darkmatter.po to
# translation of kstars_darkmatter.po to
# Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# Lwandle Mgidlana <lwandle@translate.org.za>, 2002
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: kstars_darkmatter\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2001-02-09 01:25+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2002-09-26 12:32+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Lwandle Mgidlana <lwandle@translate.org.za>\n"
"Language-Team:  <xh@li.org>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: application/x-xml2pot; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"X-Generator: KBabel 1.0beta2\n"

#: index.docbook:4
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<firstname>Jasem</firstname> <surname>Mutlaq</surname> "
"<affiliation><address> <email>mutlaqja@ku.edu</email> "
"</address></affiliation>"
msgstr ""

#: index.docbook:13
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msgid "Dark Matter"
msgstr ""

#: index.docbook:15
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msgid ""
"Scientists are now quite comfortable with the idea that 90% of the mass is "
"the universe is in a form of matter that cannot be seen."
msgstr ""

#: index.docbook:20
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msgid ""
"Despite comprehensive maps of the nearby universe that cover the spectrum "
"from radio to gamma rays, we are only able to account of 10% of the mass "
"that must be out there. As Bruce H. Margon, an astronomer at the University "
"of Washington, told the New York Times in 2001: <citation>It's a fairly "
"embarrassing situation to admit that we can't find 90 percent of the "
"universe</citation>."
msgstr ""

#: index.docbook:27
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msgid ""
"The term given this <quote>missing mass</quote> is <firstterm>Dark "
"Matter</firstterm>, and those two words pretty well sum up everything we "
"know about it at this point. We know there is <quote>Matter</quote>"
", because we can see the effects of its gravitational influence. However, "
"the matter emits no detectable electromagnetic radiation at all, hence it is "
"<quote>Dark</quote>"
". There exist several theories to account for the missing mass ranging from "
"exotic subatomic particles, to a population of isolated black holes, to less "
"exotic brown and white dwarfs. The term <quote>missing mass</quote>"
" might be misleading, since the mass itself is not missing, just its light. "
"But what is exactly dark matter and how do we really know it exists, if we "
"can't see it?"
msgstr ""

#: index.docbook:40
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msgid ""
"The story began in 1933 when Astronomer Fritz Zwicky was studying the "
"motions of distant and massive clusters of galaxies, specifically the Coma "
"cluster and the Virgo cluster. Zwicky estimated the mass of each galaxy in "
"the cluster based on their luminosity, and added up all of the galaxy masses "
"to get a total cluster mass. He then made a second, independent estimate of "
"the cluster mass, based on measuring the spread in velocities of the "
"individual galaxies in the cluster. To his suprise, this second "
"<firstterm>dynamical mass</firstterm> estimate was <emphasis>400 "
"times</emphasis> larger than the estimate based on the galaxy light."
msgstr ""

#: index.docbook:53
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msgid ""
"Although the evidence was strong at Zwicky's time, it was not until the "
"1970s that scientists began to explore this discrepancy comprehensively. It "
"was at this time that the existence of Dark Matter began to be taken "
"seriously. The existence of such matter would not only resolve the mass "
"deficit in galaxy clusters; it would also have far more reaching "
"consequences for the evolution and fate of the universe itself."
msgstr ""

#: index.docbook:63
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msgid ""
"Another phenomenon that suggested the need for dark matter is the rotational "
"curves of <firstterm>Spiral Galaxies</firstterm>. Spiral Galaxies contain a "
"large population of stars that orbit the Galactic center on nearly circular "
"orbits, much like planets orbit a star. Like planetary orbits, stars with "
"larger galactic orbits are expected to have slower orbital speeds (this is "
"just a statement of Kepler's 3rd Law). Actually, Kepler's 3rd Law only "
"applies to stars near the perimeter of a Spiral Galaxy, because it assumes "
"the mass enclosed by the orbit to be constant."
msgstr ""

#: index.docbook:75
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msgid ""
"However, astronomers have made observations of the orbital speeds of stars "
"in the outer parts of a large number of spiral galaxies, and none of them "
"follow Kepler's 3rd Law as expected. Instead of falling off at larger radii, "
"the orbital speeds remain remarkably constant. The implication is that the "
"mass enclosed by larger-radius orbits increases, even for stars that are "
"apparently near the edge of the galaxy. While they are near the edge of the "
"luminous part of the galaxy, the galaxy has a mass profile that apparently "
"continues well beyond the regions occupied by stars."
msgstr ""

#: index.docbook:87
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msgid ""
"Here is another way to think about it: Consider the stars near the perimeter "
"of a spiral galaxy, with typical observed orbital velocities of 200 "
"kilometers per second. If the galaxy consisted of only the matter that we "
"can see, these stars would very quickly fly off from the galaxy, because "
"their orbital speeds are four times larger than the galaxy's escape "
"velocity. Since galaxies are not seen to be spinning apart, there must be "
"mass in the galaxy that we are not accounting for when we add up all the "
"parts we can see."
msgstr ""

#: index.docbook:98
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msgid ""
"Several theories have surfaced in literature to account for the missing mass "
"such as <acronym>WIMP</acronym>s (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles), "
"<acronym>MACHO</acronym>s (MAssive Compact Halo Objects), primordial black "
"holes, massive neutrinos, and others; each with their pros and cons. No "
"single theory has yet been accepted by the astronomical community, because "
"we so far lack the means to conclusively test one theory against the other."
msgstr ""

#: index.docbook:106
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msgid ""
"You can see the galaxy clusters that Professor Zwicky studied to discover "
"Dark Matter. Use the &kstars; Find Object Window (<keycombo "
"action=\"simul\">&Ctrl;<keycap>F</keycap></keycombo>) to center on <quote>M "
"87</quote> to find the Virgo Cluster, and on <quote>NGC 4884</quote>"
" to find the Coma Cluster. You may have to zoom in to see the galaxies. Note "
"that the Virgo Cluster appears to be much larger on the sky. In reality, "
"Coma is the larger cluster; it only appears smaller because it is further "
"away."
msgstr ""
