# Imiyalelo yofako

Le yimiyalelo yofako ngokubanzi yeMeko-bume ye K Desktop. Nceda gqibezela ufundo lwakho nge `README`s ne `FAKA`s eza kunye nempahla. Nceda zifunde ngononophelo kwaye zama ukuzinceda ngokwakho ukuba kukho into ehamba kakubi. Ukuba ufuna olusa phambili uncediso, qwalsela ukudibanisa i &kde; uluhlu lokuposa (bona inxuwa lethu le web imiyalelo yokudibanisa i &kde; mailing lists) okanye amaqela endaba.

Kwezizaku-guqulwa

Ngoko uve amahumhum. Okanye ubone udubulo lwekhusi. Kwaye uyafa ukufumana ubambo lwe &kde;. Kodwa uyakwazi okulandelayo kokungenanto malunga nale yonke "ehambelanayo OS" ishishini. Sukubanangxaki! Ufuna kuphela ukwenza ezinye (kuhle, mhlawumbi hayi ezinye) ufunda, koko konke!

&kde; ayisebenzi kwi &Windows; 95/98/NT okanye OS/2 (noko). Ukusebenzisa &kde;, ufuna ukuba ne &UNIX; indlela. Nceda bhekisa ku iinkcukacha ezininzi.

Gqiba umgangatho kwaye uwucwangcisele indlela yakho. Le FAQ ayinakukunceda kule nto, ukusukela ukuba &kde; isebenza kwezininzi &UNIX; imigangatho.

Okokugqibela, ukulungele ukwenza i &kde; ufako. Nceda qala ukufunda kwicandelo elilandelayo. Ukufumana &kde;, nceda bhekisa ku . Okokugqibela kodwa okungakuncinananga, ukuba ufumana naziphi na iingxaki ngexesha ufaka i &kde;, nceda suku thandabuza ukwenza usebenziso lwe &kde; uluhlu lokuposa and amaqela endaba. Kodwa faka oku engqondweni: akukho mbuzo osileyo wokubuzwa, kodwa eminye ise kakhulu ukuphendulwa, ingakumbi xa sele iphendulwe kule FAQ.

Yibanentlahla kwaye wonwabe!

Iifomati zempahla ezikhoyo

Ungafumana iindidi ezininzi zokubini nempahla yemvelaphi yezinikezelo ezahlukeneyo ne OS's kwi KDE FTP umncedisi. Impahla yokubini azenziwa Liqela le KDE, kodwa ngabanikezi ngokwabo okanye abantu abonyuliweyo. Nceda thelekisa ku KDE Impahla Yenkqubo Ichaze yolwazi malunga ne KDE Inkqubo Yempahla. Ekuphela kwayo "olusemthethweni" ukhupho yimvelaphi ye tar.bz2 impahla. Nceda thelekisa kwi `README`s and `FAKA`s ku balawuli bokubini abaninzi. Yoluhlu olukhoyo lwempahla yo khupho thelekisa ngokwephepha lolwazi. Kukhupho lamva oku yi &kde; 2.2.1 Iphepha Lolwazi.

Izinto ezifunwe kwixesha elidlulileyo

Ye &kde; 2.0, ufuna i &Qt; ilayibrari uguqulelo 2.2 okanye ephezulu, ngexesha eye &kde; 1.1, &kde; 1.1.1, ne &kde; 1.1.2, ufuna uguqulelo 1.42 okanye phezulu. Nceda qiniseka ukuba ulayisha ezantsi eyiyo i &Qt;.

&kde; 1.x ayizukusebenza nge &Qt; 2.0 okanye phezulu.

Ungafuna kwakhona iifayile ze header nazo ukuba ufuna ukuqokelela i &kde; ngokwakho. Zikhona zonke ngaphandle kwexabiso kwi http://www.trolltech.com/download. Ukuongeza, kukho iilayibrari ezizodwa ezinokunyusa i &kde; ukuba ifakwe kwindlela yakho. Umzekelo yi libssl ezakwenza i &konqueror; ukukhangela amaphepha eweb ngokhuseleko.

Inkcazelo yempahla yesiseko

Unikezelo olusiseko luqulathe iimpahla ezilishumi elinanye.Ezinye ziyafunwa, ngexesha ezinye zizodwa. Impahla nganye ikhona kuyo nganye ekhankanywe kuqala impahla yeefomati.

kdelibs

  Iyafuneka

  Le mpahla iqulathe iilayibrari ezahlulwayo ezifunwayo zizo zonke i &kde; izicelo.

kdebase

  Iyafuneka

  Le mpahla iqulathe isiseko sezicelo ezenza ingaphakathi leMeko-bume ye K Desktop njengomphathi we window, umlinganiseli wesiphelo sendlela, umbindi wolawulo, umphathi wefayile, neqela lenjengo ethile.

kdeaddons

  Eyodwa

  Iiplagi ezahlukeneyo ze kate, kicker, knewsticker, konqueror ne noatun

kdeartwork

  Eyodwa

  Amaphepha ongeziweyo odonga, imixholo, iintlobo, izandi ...

kdebindings

  Eyodwa

  Izibophelelo ezahlukeneyo ze ithetha ukuba Java, Perl, Python, ...

kdegames

  Eyodwa

  Imidlalo eyahlukeneyo njenge mahjongg, inyoka, eneplaneti ezininzi ezincinane ne tetris.

kdegraphics

  Eyodwa

  Imizobo eyahlukeneyo-ezalana neenkqubo njenge &PostScript; umbonisi, &DVI; umbonisi, nenkqubo yokuzoba.

kdeutils

  Eyodwa

  Izixhobo zedesktop ezahlukeneyo njengomatshini wokubala, umhleli kunye neninye imsebenzi ecocekileyo.

kdemultimedia

  Eyodwa

  Izicelo ezininzi zaphakathi njenge &CD; umdlali nomxubi.

kdenetwork

  Eyodwa

  Izicelo zomsebenzi womnatha. Okwangoku iqulathe inkqubo yeposi, umfundi wendaba, kunye nezinye ezininzi iinkqubo zomsebenzi womnatha-ezizalanayo.

kdeadmin

  Eyodwa

  Iinkqubo zendlela yolwamkelo.

kdetoys

  Eyodwa

  Izinto zokudlala!

kdevelop

  Eyodwa

  Imeko-bume Yobhekiso phambili egqityiweyo ye &kde; ne Qt

kdesupport (ukuba iyafunwa) inokufakwa phambi kwento yonke. Upakisho (okanye lokuqala) olulandelayo linokuba yi kdelibs. Ezinye iimpahla zingafakwa ngenye indlela ebukekayo.

Imiyalelo yokufaka yefomqti ezahlukeneyo zempahla

Nceda ungalibali ukufunda i `README` ne `FAKA` iifayile ukuba zikhona.

Ufako lempahla ye Debian

  Impahla ye Debian ifaka ngokokuvela kwe FHS (Umgangatho weqela lefayile).

  1. yiba ngumsebenzisi ophezulu

  2. yenza `dpkg `-i packagename.deb`` yempahla nganye ofuna ukuyifaka.

Ufako lwe RPM iimpahla

  ## Ukufaka ekabini RPMs

  1. yiba ngumsebenzisi ophezulu

  2. phumeza `rpm `-ivh packagename.rpm``

Ufako lwemvelaphi `.tar.gz` iifayile

  Ukusukela ukuba kusoloko kukho utshintsho nogqibo kwindlela ye &kde; iqokelelwe, nceda thelekisa ku Layisha ezantsi kwaye ufake kwi Mvelaphi yemininzi egqityiweyo imiyalelo ye mpahla yemvelaphi.

  Indlela yokuthetha ngokubanzi inokusebenza kwinmizekelo emininzi.

  Imvelaphi `.tgz` impahla ifaka kwi `/usr/local/kde` ngengagqibekanga. Ungaqhuba ngaphezulu esi sicwangciso ngokusebenzisa i `--prefix` ukhetho lwe `configure` ushicilelo.

  1. sukupakisha impahla nge `tar `xvzf packagename.tar.gz``

  2. tshintsha ulawulo kulawulo lwempahla: `cd packagename`

  3. qwalasela impahla: `./configure`

     Ezinye impahla (eqwalaselekayo kdebase) ineenketho ezithile eziqwalaselwayo ezinokufakwa kufako lwakho. Chwetheza `./configure `--help`` ukubona iinketho ezikhoyo.

  4. yakha imphala: `make`

  5. faka impahla: `su `-c "yenza ufako"`` (ukuba awusele uyingcambu). Ukuba sele uyi, chwetheza nje `yenza `ufako``.

Iinkqubo zofako-zexesha elidlulileyo

Kuqala kwinto zonke, nceda qiniseka ukuba udibanise i &kde;'s ulawulo lofako lokubini (umzekelo. `/opt/kde/bin`) kweyakho `UMENDO` ne &kde;'s ulawulo lofako lelayibrari kweyakho `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` (iyafuneka kuphela kwindlela ezingaxhasi i rpath; kwi &Linux; &ELF;, inokusebenza ngaphandle). Le meko-bume ingabizwa ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye iindlela, umzekelo. ibizwa ngokuba yi `SHLIB_PATH` kwi &IRIX;. Ngoku cwangcisa ezahlukileyo `KDEDIR` kwi siseko sakho se &kde; umthi, umzekelo. `/opt/kde`.

Nceda qonda ukuba akukho banzi ukucwangcisa `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` engaboniyo. Isininzi esikhulu semizekelo ayiyomfuneko kwaye ingenza ingozi enkulu kunokulungileyo. Kukho iphepha le web elibhalwe ngu Dave Barr ichaza ezimbi `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` kwaye ingafunyanwa ku http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~barr/ldpath.html.

Noxa ungasebenzisa okuninzi kwe &kde; izicelo ngokucacileyo ngokuzibiza, ungazuza kuphela ngokupheleleyo kwi &kde; imisebenzi ephambili ukuba usebenzisa i &kde; umphathi we window kunye neenkqubo zayo zokunceda.

Ukuze wenze lula kuwe, sikunike okushicilelweyo okucacileyo okubizwa nge `startkde` efumana ufako kwi `$`KDEDIR`/bin` kwaye ngoko ikumendo wakho.

Hlela ifayile `.xinitrc` kulawulo lwakho lasekhaya (yenza ukhuphelo lokuncedisa kuqala!), susa yonke into ejongeka njenge bizwa ngomphathi we window, kwaye faka `startkde` instead. Qala kwakhona i X-Windows;. Ukuba usebenzisa i &kdm;/xdm, uzakuhlela ifayile `.xsession` endaweni ye `.xinitrc`. Kwaye ukuba akukho `.xinitrc` okanye `.xsession` kulawulo lwakho lasekhaya, yenza ngokucacileyo entsha ngelayini nje enye equlathe `startkde`.

Ezinye iindlela (iqwalaselekile &RedHat; &Linux;) zisebenzisa `.Xclients` endaweni yoko.

Oku kuzakunika entsha ekhazimlayo &kde; desktop. Ungaqala ngoku ukuvavanya ihlabathi elimangalisayo le &kde;. Nje ukuba ufuna ukufunda olunye uxwebhu kuqala, kukho ethethelelwe kakhulu Isalathiso Sesiqalo Esikhawulezayo esikhoyo. Okuninzi, isicelo ngasinye sinoncedo oluselayinini olukhoyo ugqitha kwi menu yoncedo.

Ndingalususa uguqulelo oludala xyz phambi kokufaka eyona intsha?

Ngokomthetho, oku akuyomfuneko. RPM ne Debian iimpahla zingathatha unonophelo lwabo bonke abaxhomekeki.

Ukuba uqokelela ikhowudi yemvelaphi ngokwakho, ungathatha unonophelo lokungaqokeleli iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo ze &kde; iimpahla. Ngoko ukuba ufaka inguqulelo entsha, nceda yenza kuqala kwaye ufake i kdesupport, ngoko kdelibs, ngoko kdebase.

Inye into ekufuneka uyinqandile: ukufaka ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu iinguqulelo ze &kde; ngokuhambelana. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhankanya ulawulo letekeni olwahlukileyo loguqulelo olunye kunolunye. Isiphumo sinokungachazwa kuqala. Okunye kuyinyaniso ukuba uneenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo ze &Qt; efakwe ngexesha elinye. Oku kwenzeka lula ukuba sele unendala i &Qt; uguqulelo olufakwe nge &Linux; unikezelo.

Ndiyiqala njani i &kde;?

Indlela ekhululekileyo yokuqala i &kde; kukusebenzisa i `startkde` ushicilelo. Beka ilayini `startkde` esiphelweni seyakho i `.xsession` ifayile (okanye eyakho `.xinitrc` okanye `.Xclients` ifayile ukuba awusebenzisi i &kdm; okanye xdm). Nceda kwakhona susa iilayini eziqala umphathi wewindow yakho odlulileyo. Ukuba akukho `.xsession`, `.xinitrc`, okanye `.Xclients` kulawulo lwakho lasekhaya, yenza entsha equlathe nje ilayini ethi `startkde`.

Kuyenzeka ukufaka i &kde; kulawulo lomsebenzisi?

Ewe, ungafaka &kde; nakoluphi ulawulo olufunayo. Onako kuxhomekeke kudidi lwempahla ofuna ukulufaka:

## Impahla yemvelaphi

1. Qwalasela kwaye ufake impahla usebenzisa `qwalasela `--isimaphambili=/users/myhome/kde`; yenza, yenza ufako` ukufaka kwi `/users/myhome/kde`.

2. Dibanisa okulandelayo kwifayile zakho ze init. Nceda qaphela ukuba akuyomfuneko kuwe ukucwangcisa `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`, kungcono ukuyishiya ngaphandle.

   Ye csh okanye tcsh:

       setenv KDEDIR /users/myhome/kde

       ukuba ( $?LD_LIBRARY_PATH ) ngoko
          setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $KDEDIR/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
       enye
          setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $KDEDIR/lib
       phela ukuba

       ukuba ( ! $?LIBRARY_PATH ) ngoko
          setenv LIBRARY_PATH $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
       phela ukuba

   Ye uvuthuzo olukhulu:

       KDEDIR=/users/myhome/kde
       PATH=$KDEDIR/bin:$PATH
       LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$KDEDIR/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
       LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
       rhweba ngaphandle KDEDIR PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH LIBRARY_PATH

## RPM impahla

1. `rpm` ikuvumela usebenzise i `--isimaphambili` ukhetho ukukhetha ulawulo ofuna ukulufaka ku. Umzekelo, iyaphumeza `rpm `-i --isimaphambili=/users/myhome/kde package.rpm`` izakufaka imaphla ku `/users/myhome/kde`.

Noxa &kde; izakusebenza kulawulo lomsebenzisi, kukho ezinye iingxaki ngeenkqubo ezifuna ingcambu ye suid, umzekelo. iinkqubo kwimpahla ye kdeadmin. Kodwa ukusukela ukuba zingaxelwanga ukusebenza ngabasebenzisi kwindawo yokuqala, oku asiyo nto yakuzixhalisa malunga nayo.

Ngoko ke, kwindlela ezisebenzisa amagama agqithisiweyo omthunzi, abagcini bekhusi bazakuba yingcambu ye suid ukwenza unikezelo lwegama eligqithisiweyo lokuvula ikhusi, ngoko olu khetho aluzukusebenza.

`startkde` ayiphumeleli nge ayinakudibana ku X umncedisi. Yintoni engalunganga?

Uzame kakhulu ukuqala i X umncedisi nge `startkde`. I X umncedisi uqalwe nge `startx`. `startkde` lushicilelo olunokusetyenziswa kweyakho `.xinitrc`, `.xsession`, okanye `.Xclients` ukusebenzisa umphathi we window kunye nezifunekayo idaemons zomncedisi ze &kde;. Bona kwakhona .

&kde; kwi &AIX;?

Ukuba unengxaki ekwakheni i &kde; kwi &AIX; khangela u Stefan Westerfeld's Isebenzisa &kde; kwi Aix iphepha loncedo oluninzi ekwakheni i &kde; kule ingaphandle &UNIX; enomahluko.

&kde; kulwaleko oluphezulu?

Ukuba ungafumana i &X-Windows; ukusebenza, awuzukuba nayo nayiphi na ingxaki ekufumaneni i &kde; ukusebenza kuyo. Ukongeza, ungafumana amakhonkco alandelayo eluncedo:

- http://www.linux-laptop.net/

- http://www.sanpei.org/Laptop-X/note-list.html

Andikuthandi okungagqibekanga &kde; ulawulo emva kofako. Ndiyisusa njani ngaphandle kokwaphula nto?

Icingela okungagqibekanga yi `/opt/kde` kwaye ufuna ukuyisusa `/usr/local/kde`, naku omele ukwenze:

1. tshintshela kumsebenzisi ophezulu ukuba awulunganga

2. `mv /opt/kde /usr/local/kde`

3. `Kwi -s /usr/local/kde /opt/kde`

Oku kuzakubeka zonke ezakho ze &kde; iifayile kwi `/usr/local/kde` kodwa yonke into isanikezelwa kwakhona kwi `/opt/kde`.

Zeziphi iifayile endinokuzicima kweyam i &kde; faka ulawulo? zinga zonke `*.h`, `*.c` ne `*.o` iifayile zingasuswa ngokukhuselekileyo?

Akukho mfuneko yokugcina i `.c` ne `.o` iifayile, kodwa ungafuna ukugcina i `.h` iifayile, njengoko zisetyenziswa ngeziquko ukuba ufuna ukuqokelela eyakho i &kde; iinkqubo. Kodwa ukuba unqwenela ukudibanisa izilapho kwiinkqubo zemvelaphi njengoko zibakhona (kunoku layisha ezantsi yonke into kwakhona), ngoku zinokuhlala.

Ndingaziswela izicwangciso zam xa ndinyusela i &kde;?

Kukho iingxelo ezixutyiweyo zeziphumo xa usiya kwi &kde; 2.0 kwi &kde; 1.x. Izicwangciso zigcinwa kwi `.kde` ulawulo olusezantsi kwikhaya lakho ulawulo. Bekukho utshintsho oluninzi kwizicwangciso zombini ezingqukuva nangaphakathi kwesicelo ngasinye. Iziphumo ezingcono ziphakamisa ukuba ukhuphele eyakho endala `.kde` ulawulo kwindawo yokuncedisa, faka i &kde; 2.0, kwaye khuphela mva nayiphi eyimfuneko iposi nezicwangciso zendaba. Ezininzi ezinye izicwangciso zahlukile kakhulu kangangokuba kungcono ukuziqwalasela ngqo nge &kde; 2.0. Oko kuthethiweyo, kukho iingxelo zonyuselo oluthe ngqo ngaphandle kokususa endala `.kde` ulawulo lwenzeka ngaphandle koqiniso. Umda wakho ungahluka.

Ukuqokelela i kdebase kundinika i bin/sh: msgfmt: umyalelo awu fumaneki imposiso!

Ufuna i GNU msgfmt eyinxenye ye GNU i18n package gettext. Uzakukwazi ukuyilayisha ezantsi kwenesidima GNU izibuko.

Andiyifaki njani i &kde; izicelo ziqokelelwe ekuqaleni?

Unokungazifaki iinkqubo zakho ngokuchwetheza `yenza ukungafaki` kulawulo apho wenze khona `yenza ufako`. Ukuba sele ulibekele kude olo lawulo, ngoku kukho kuphela indlela enye, kwaye ayilunganga: yiya kwi `$`KDEDIR`/bin` kwaye qala ukucima iifayile nganye nganye.

Kuqhubeka ntoni nge &GIF; inkxaso?

Oku kunento yokwenza ne Unisys' &LZW; patent. &GIF; inkxaso iyacinywa kwi &Qt; 1.44 ukuya phambili ngokungagqibekanga. kungcono usebenzise endala &Qt; (ukuba usasebenzisa i &kde; 1.x), okanye yiqokelele kwakhona nge &GIF; inkxaso iyaqalwa usebenzisa `./configure `-gif``.

Ndiyifaka njani i &kde; imixholo?

Kukho Umphathi Womxholo kwi &kde; 2.2.1, ngoko nceda bhekisa kwi Umbindi Wolawulo Uncedo lothelekiso oluphambili, okanye jonga ku kde.themes.org ye KDE2 imixholo.