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From: "Eunsook \"Eunah\" Kim" <eunah.ietf@gmail.com>
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Thanks chairman,

- Use-case document has been updated to -01.
  This will be brief report for update.

- In addition, I just submitted a new version of routing requirements
document (-07).
  I hope we have productive discussion for this draft.

Thanks,

-eunah


On Thu, Oct 30, 2008 at 11:56 PM, Geoff Mulligan <geoff@mulligan.org> wrote:
> The 6Lowpan working group will be meeting in Minneapolis.  If you have
> items you would like to see on the agenda, please let the chairs know
> the topic, speaker and requested time allotment.
>
> In talking with Carsten it seems that the main work is surrounding HC,
> ND and probably some discussion related to the 6lowpan link model.
>
> Since we didn't get to talk about the routing requirements document last
> time, we should schedule some time to talk about how and if we should
> take this document forward.
>
>        geoff
>
>
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From 6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Nov  4 07:22:40 2008
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From: "Schoofs, Anthony" <anthony.schoofs@philips.com>
To: Zach Shelby <zach@sensinode.com>, 6lowpan <6lowpan@ietf.org>,
	"roll@ietf.org" <roll@ietf.org>
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Hi Zach,

I have a comment regarding the message/option structure of the nd-00 draft.

The draft mentions: "The RR contains the addresses the node wants to register, and a possible request for a global assigned address."

It seems that the Identity Request option will only be used by LowPAN hosts when they send RRs, and Identity Replies by LowPAN Routers or LowPAN ERs when they send RCs.

Therefore sending a RR already indicates that an Address/6lowpan Address option will be an Identity request option, and sending a RC already indicates that an Address/6lowpan Address option will be an Identity Reply option. I would then say that the Identity Request and Identity Reply options are not that necessary, and that you could upgrade Address Option and 6lowpan Address Option as RR/RC options. It would mean small changes in the Address and 6lowpan Address options format to incorporate requisite fields from Identity Request/Reply such as Lifetime and G, P and X flags.


Best regards,
Anthony

-----Original Message-----
From: 6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Zach Shelby
Sent: Friday 24 October 2008 16:58
To: 6lowpan; roll@ietf.org
Subject: [6lowpan] [Fwd: New Version Notification fordraft-shelby-6lowpan-nd-00]

Hi,

The first version of the ND for 6LoWPAN I-D has now been posted and is
available for comment. We would appreciate constructive comments and
list discussions on this before the IETF, and I would like to request a
slot in Minneapolis to present the draft.

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-shelby-6lowpan-nd-00.txt

There are some known open issues on this draft:

o Trickle and its optional use for RA periods in to be in next version.
o Fault tolerance to be defined in next version.
o Ad-hoc network (no infrastructure) to be discussed in next version.
o Context dissemination to be described in more detail. To be determined
in how much detail.
o Can the 6LoWPAN Address Option be integrated into the Address Option
using options in the S field? One less option..
o Consistent for both mesh under and route over may not be 100%
consistent yet


Regards,
Zach

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: New Version Notification for draft-shelby-6lowpan-nd-00
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2008 07:47:19 -0700 (PDT)
From: IETF I-D Submission Tool <idsubmission@ietf.org>
To: zach@sensinode.com
CC:
pthubert@cisco.com,jhui@archrock.com,samitac@ipinfusion.com,Erik.Nordmark@Sun.COM


A new version of I-D, draft-shelby-6lowpan-nd-00.txt has been
successfuly submitted by Zach Shelby and posted to the IETF repository.

Filename:        draft-shelby-6lowpan-nd
Revision:        00
Title:           Neighbor Discovery for 6LoWPAN
Creation_date:   2008-10-24
WG ID:           Independent Submission
Number_of_pages: 39

Abstract:
The 6LoWPAN format allows IPv6 to be used over very low-power, low-
bandwidth wireless networks often making use of extended multihop
topologies.  However, the use of standard IPv6 Neighbor Discovery
over 6LoWPAN networks has several problems.  Standard ND was not
designed for wireless links, the standard IPv6 link concept and heavy
use of multicast makes it inefficient.  This paper specifies Neighbor
Discovery optimized for 6LoWPAN.




The IETF Secretariat.



--

Zach Shelby
Head of Research
Sensinode Ltd.
Kidekuja 2
88610 Vuokatti
FINLAND

mobile: +358 40 7796297

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Anthony,

Thanks for the feedback. We are also thinking of ways to simplify the 
message structure of the draft, which has been identified as the biggest 
problem with -00. Below is a suggestion how that could be done.

The Identity Option can be removed as you suggested. The Address Option 
had fields for Suffix and Prefix compression, which are quite flexible, 
but oversized. There was also plenty of reserved space in the Address 
Option. So in order to simplify the message format I've made an example 
with the following changes below:

- Moved the G,P,X,Status fields from Indentity Option to the RR/RC 
message body.
- Moved the Lifetime to the Address Option.
- Thus the Identity Options are no longer needed, each address binding 
has its own lifetime.
- Reduce P,S fields to 4-bits.
- Integrated the PAN-ID,16-bit short address options to P,S of the 
Address Option.
- Thus the 6LoWPAN Address Option no longer needed separately, now part 
of the Address Option.

This simplifies everything, saves 8 bytes per message, and leaves us 
with a single option type for RR/RC messages. So messages would look 
like this in either direction:

ICMP(RR/RC(Address Option[0], Address Option[n]))

I have drafted an update of this modified message structure below. Is 
this sufficiently simple for people?

---

4.  6LoWPAN ND messages

    This section introduces message formats for all messages used in this
    specification.  The new messages are all ICMPv6 messages and extend
    the capabilities of "The IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Protocol" [RFC4861].

4.1.  Router Registration/Confirmation message

    The Router Registration (RR) and Router Confirmation (RC) messages
    are used by a Host to register with an ER, and for the ER to confirm
    the binding.  Any option that is not recognized MUST be skipped
    silently.  The Router Registration message is sent by the LoWPAN Node
    to an on-link ER or Router, and may be sent unicast or to the
    6LOWPAN_ER anycast address.


     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |     Type      |     Code      |           Checksum            |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              TID              |G|P|X|   rsv   |    Status     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                                                               |
    +                   Host Interface Identifier                   +
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   option(s)...
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

    Figure 7: Router Registration/Confirmation message format (16 octets)

    IP Fields:

       Source Address:  A Link-local IPv6 address.  This address may be
          an optimistic address.

       Destination Address:  A link-local IPv6 address of an Edge Router
          or Edge Router Relay.

       Hop Limit:  255

    ICMP Fields:

       Type:  TBD by IANA.

       Code:  0

       Checksum:  The ICMP checksum.

       TID:  A unique Transaction ID assigned by the host to match
          replies.

       G: 1-bit Global Address Request flag.  Set to indicate that the
          host is requesting global addresses in a request.  Set to
          indicate that a global address has been assigned in a
          confirmation.  Otherwise must be 0.

       P: 1-bit Primary flag.  Set to indicate that the router is primary
          and MAY proxy for the node if Proxy ND is used on the backbone
          link in a request.  If the flag is not set then the router MUST
          not proxy for the node.  Flag is echoed in a confirmation.

       X: 1-bit Proxy Flag.  Only used in a confirmation, indicates that
          the router actually proxies for all of the addresses in the
          options field that are being assigned to the node.  This can
          only happen if the P flag is set as well.  Set to 0 in a
          request.

       Status:  8-bit unsigned integer.  Values TBD. 0 means unqualified
          success.  Any value below 128 is a positive status that means
          that the binding was created or is being created
          optimistically.  Only used in a confirmation.

       Reserved:  This field is unused.  It MUST be initialized to zero
          by the sender and MUST be ignored by the receiver.

       Host Interface Identifier:  A globally unique identifier for the
          requesting host's interface.

    Possible Options:

       Address Option(s)

       Future versions of this protocol may define new option types.
       Receivers MUST silently ignore any options they do not recognized
       and continue processing the message.

<snip>

4.5.  6LoWPAN ND Message Options

    This section defines the common ND for 6LoWPAN message options.

4.5.1.  Address Option

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |     Type      |    Length     |   P   |   S   |D|     rsv     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                           Lifetime                            |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    .                                                               .
    .                  IPv6 Address (variable length)               .
    .                                                               .
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

               Figure 10: Address Option format (8-16 Octets)


    Type:  TBD.

    Length:  8-bit unsigned integer.  The length of the option (including
       the type and length fields) in units of 8 octets.

    P: 4-bit unsigned integer.  Identifies prefix compression in use, if
       any.

       0: Prefix is carried inline.

       1: Prefix compressed and link-local (fe80:/10) is assumed.

       2: A 16-bit PAN-ID is carried inline.

       3-127:  Reserved.

    S: 4-bit unsigned integer.  Identifies suffix compression in use, if
       any.

       0: Suffix carried inline.

       1: Suffix compressed and assumes the same value as the Host
          Interface Identifier field in the RR/RC message header.

       2: Suffix compressed and is derived from the 6LoWPAN PAN ID/SHORT
          address option as defined in RFC 4944.

       3-127:  Reserved.

    D: 1-bit Duplicate flag.  When set, indicates that duplicates are
       allowed for this address (to support anycast) in a request.

    Lifetime:  32-bit unsigned integer.  The amout of time in units of
       seconds remaining before the binding of this address MUST be
       considered expired.  A value of zero indicates that the Binding
       Cache entry for the registered node MUST be deleted.

    Reserved:  This field is unused.  It MUST be initialized to zero by
       the sender and MUST be ignored by the receiver.

    IPv6 Address:

<snip>

Schoofs, Anthony wrote:
> Hi Zach,
> 
> I have a comment regarding the message/option structure of the nd-00 draft.
> 
> The draft mentions: "The RR contains the addresses the node wants to register, and a possible request for a global assigned address."
> 
> It seems that the Identity Request option will only be used by LowPAN hosts when they send RRs, and Identity Replies by LowPAN Routers or LowPAN ERs when they send RCs.
> 
> Therefore sending a RR already indicates that an Address/6lowpan Address option will be an Identity request option, and sending a RC already indicates that an Address/6lowpan Address option will be an Identity Reply option. I would then say that the Identity Request and Identity Reply options are not that necessary, and that you could upgrade Address Option and 6lowpan Address Option as RR/RC options. It would mean small changes in the Address and 6lowpan Address options format to incorporate requisite fields from Identity Request/Reply such as Lifetime and G, P and X flags.
> 
> 
> Best regards,
> Anthony
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: 6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Zach Shelby
> Sent: Friday 24 October 2008 16:58
> To: 6lowpan; roll@ietf.org
> Subject: [6lowpan] [Fwd: New Version Notification fordraft-shelby-6lowpan-nd-00]
> 
> Hi,
> 
> The first version of the ND for 6LoWPAN I-D has now been posted and is
> available for comment. We would appreciate constructive comments and
> list discussions on this before the IETF, and I would like to request a
> slot in Minneapolis to present the draft.
> 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-shelby-6lowpan-nd-00.txt
> 
> There are some known open issues on this draft:
> 
> o Trickle and its optional use for RA periods in to be in next version.
> o Fault tolerance to be defined in next version.
> o Ad-hoc network (no infrastructure) to be discussed in next version.
> o Context dissemination to be described in more detail. To be determined
> in how much detail.
> o Can the 6LoWPAN Address Option be integrated into the Address Option
> using options in the S field? One less option..
> o Consistent for both mesh under and route over may not be 100%
> consistent yet
> 
> 
> Regards,
> Zach
> 
> -------- Original Message --------
> Subject: New Version Notification for draft-shelby-6lowpan-nd-00
> Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2008 07:47:19 -0700 (PDT)
> From: IETF I-D Submission Tool <idsubmission@ietf.org>
> To: zach@sensinode.com
> CC:
> pthubert@cisco.com,jhui@archrock.com,samitac@ipinfusion.com,Erik.Nordmark@Sun.COM
> 
> 
> A new version of I-D, draft-shelby-6lowpan-nd-00.txt has been
> successfuly submitted by Zach Shelby and posted to the IETF repository.
> 
> Filename:        draft-shelby-6lowpan-nd
> Revision:        00
> Title:           Neighbor Discovery for 6LoWPAN
> Creation_date:   2008-10-24
> WG ID:           Independent Submission
> Number_of_pages: 39
> 
> Abstract:
> The 6LoWPAN format allows IPv6 to be used over very low-power, low-
> bandwidth wireless networks often making use of extended multihop
> topologies.  However, the use of standard IPv6 Neighbor Discovery
> over 6LoWPAN networks has several problems.  Standard ND was not
> designed for wireless links, the standard IPv6 link concept and heavy
> use of multicast makes it inefficient.  This paper specifies Neighbor
> Discovery optimized for 6LoWPAN.
> 
> 
> 
> 
> The IETF Secretariat.
> 
> 
> 
> --
> 
> Zach Shelby
> Head of Research
> Sensinode Ltd.
> Kidekuja 2
> 88610 Vuokatti
> FINLAND
> 
> mobile: +358 40 7796297
> 
> This e-mail and all attached material are confidential and may contain
> legally privileged information. If you are not the intended recipient,
> please contact the sender and delete the e-mail from your system without
> producing, distributing or retaining copies thereof.
> _______________________________________________
> 6lowpan mailing list
> 6lowpan@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/6lowpan
> 
> The information contained in this message may be confidential and legally protected under applicable law. The message is intended solely for the addressee(s). If you are not the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any use, forwarding, dissemination, or reproduction of this message is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender by return e-mail and destroy all copies of the original message.

-- 

Zach Shelby
Head of Research
Sensinode Ltd.
Kidekuja 2
88610 Vuokatti
FINLAND

mobile: +358 40 7796297

This e-mail and all attached material are confidential and may contain 
legally privileged information. If you are not the intended recipient, 
please contact the sender and delete the e-mail from your system without 
producing, distributing or retaining copies thereof.
_______________________________________________
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https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/6lowpan


From 6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Nov 17 07:29:10 2008
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Hi Everyone,

This new draft incorporates much of the feedback on the list over the  
past couple weeks. Please take a look so we can have a meaningful  
discussion in the WG meeting on Tuesday.

Summary of changes:
- Decoupled meaning of SAM bits from the destination address.
- Have separate bit to indicate context identifier extension.
- Have separate bit to indicate multicast address compression.
- More extensive support for multicast address compression, including  
Unicast-Prefix-based Multicast Addresses.

Thanks.

--
Jonathan Hui



Begin forwarded message:

> From: IETF I-D Submission Tool <idsubmission@ietf.org>
> Date: November 17, 2008 7:26:05 AM PST
> To: jhui@archrock.com
> Cc: pthubert@cisco.com
> Subject: New Version Notification for draft-ietf-6lowpan-hc-03
>
>
> A new version of I-D, draft-ietf-6lowpan-hc-03.txt has been  
> successfuly submitted by Jonathan Hui and posted to the IETF  
> repository.
>
> Filename:	 draft-ietf-6lowpan-hc
> Revision:	 03
> Title:		 Compression Format for IPv6 Datagrams in 6LoWPAN Networks
> Creation_date:	 2008-11-17
> WG ID:		 6lowpan
> Number_of_pages: 16
>
> Abstract:
> This document specifies an IPv6 header compression format for IPv6
> packet delivery in 6LoWPAN networks.  The compression format relies
> on shared context to allow compression of arbitrary prefixes.  This
> document specifies compression of multicast addresses and a framework
> for compressing next headers.  This framework specifies UDP
> compression and is prepared for additional transports.
>
>
>
> The IETF Secretariat.
>
>

_______________________________________________
6lowpan mailing list
6lowpan@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/6lowpan


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And " CMF field is set to '01' " should become " CID field is set to 1 "
:)

Pascal

>-----Original Message-----
>From: 6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org] On
Behalf Of Jonathan Hui
>Sent: lundi 17 novembre 2008 16:29
>To: 6lowpan
>Subject: [6lowpan] Fwd: New Version Notification for
draft-ietf-6lowpan-hc-03
>
>
>Hi Everyone,
>
>This new draft incorporates much of the feedback on the list over the
>past couple weeks. Please take a look so we can have a meaningful
>discussion in the WG meeting on Tuesday.
>
>Summary of changes:
>- Decoupled meaning of SAM bits from the destination address.
>- Have separate bit to indicate context identifier extension.
>- Have separate bit to indicate multicast address compression.
>- More extensive support for multicast address compression, including
>Unicast-Prefix-based Multicast Addresses.
>
>Thanks.
>
>--
>Jonathan Hui
>
>
>
>Begin forwarded message:
>
>> From: IETF I-D Submission Tool <idsubmission@ietf.org>
>> Date: November 17, 2008 7:26:05 AM PST
>> To: jhui@archrock.com
>> Cc: pthubert@cisco.com
>> Subject: New Version Notification for draft-ietf-6lowpan-hc-03
>>
>>
>> A new version of I-D, draft-ietf-6lowpan-hc-03.txt has been
>> successfuly submitted by Jonathan Hui and posted to the IETF
>> repository.
>>
>> Filename:	 draft-ietf-6lowpan-hc
>> Revision:	 03
>> Title:		 Compression Format for IPv6 Datagrams in
6LoWPAN Networks
>> Creation_date:	 2008-11-17
>> WG ID:		 6lowpan
>> Number_of_pages: 16
>>
>> Abstract:
>> This document specifies an IPv6 header compression format for IPv6
>> packet delivery in 6LoWPAN networks.  The compression format relies
>> on shared context to allow compression of arbitrary prefixes.  This
>> document specifies compression of multicast addresses and a framework
>> for compressing next headers.  This framework specifies UDP
>> compression and is prepared for additional transports.
>>
>>
>>
>> The IETF Secretariat.
>>
>>
>
>_______________________________________________
>6lowpan mailing list
>6lowpan@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/6lowpan
_______________________________________________
6lowpan mailing list
6lowpan@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/6lowpan


From 6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Nov 17 08:31:37 2008
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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] Fwd: New Version Notification for
	draft-ietf-6lowpan-hc-03
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Argh. That's what I get for being so quick. Feel free to announce the  
typos to the list if you think that will help.

Thanks.

--
Jonathan Hui

On Nov 17, 2008, at 8:10 AM, "Pascal Thubert (pthubert)" <pthubert@cisco.com 
 > wrote:

> And " CMF field is set to '01' " should become " CID field is set to  
> 1 "
> :)
>
> Pascal
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: 6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Jonathan Hui
>> Sent: lundi 17 novembre 2008 16:29
>> To: 6lowpan
>> Subject: [6lowpan] Fwd: New Version Notification for
> draft-ietf-6lowpan-hc-03
>>
>>
>> Hi Everyone,
>>
>> This new draft incorporates much of the feedback on the list over the
>> past couple weeks. Please take a look so we can have a meaningful
>> discussion in the WG meeting on Tuesday.
>>
>> Summary of changes:
>> - Decoupled meaning of SAM bits from the destination address.
>> - Have separate bit to indicate context identifier extension.
>> - Have separate bit to indicate multicast address compression.
>> - More extensive support for multicast address compression, including
>> Unicast-Prefix-based Multicast Addresses.
>>
>> Thanks.
>>
>> --
>> Jonathan Hui
>>
>>
>>
>> Begin forwarded message:
>>
>>> From: IETF I-D Submission Tool <idsubmission@ietf.org>
>>> Date: November 17, 2008 7:26:05 AM PST
>>> To: jhui@archrock.com
>>> Cc: pthubert@cisco.com
>>> Subject: New Version Notification for draft-ietf-6lowpan-hc-03
>>>
>>>
>>> A new version of I-D, draft-ietf-6lowpan-hc-03.txt has been
>>> successfuly submitted by Jonathan Hui and posted to the IETF
>>> repository.
>>>
>>> Filename:     draft-ietf-6lowpan-hc
>>> Revision:     03
>>> Title:         Compression Format for IPv6 Datagrams in
> 6LoWPAN Networks
>>> Creation_date:     2008-11-17
>>> WG ID:         6lowpan
>>> Number_of_pages: 16
>>>
>>> Abstract:
>>> This document specifies an IPv6 header compression format for IPv6
>>> packet delivery in 6LoWPAN networks.  The compression format relies
>>> on shared context to allow compression of arbitrary prefixes.  This
>>> document specifies compression of multicast addresses and a  
>>> framework
>>> for compressing next headers.  This framework specifies UDP
>>> compression and is prepared for additional transports.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> The IETF Secretariat.
>>>
>>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> 6lowpan mailing list
>> 6lowpan@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/6lowpan
_______________________________________________
6lowpan mailing list
6lowpan@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/6lowpan


From 6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Nov 17 10:25:32 2008
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Message-ID: <4921B712.5020206@sensinode.com>
Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2008 12:25:22 -0600
From: Zach Shelby <zach@sensinode.com>
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Subject: [6lowpan] draft-shelby-6lowpan-nd-01 posted
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Hi,

A new version of the ND for 6LoWPAN draft, -01, has now been posted, for 
discussion during tomorrow's meeting.

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-shelby-6lowpan-nd-01.txt

The document update takes into account the comments received so far and 
work by the authors on simplifying and clarifying the draft.

This version includes the following changes:
- Simplification of the RR/RC message
   - Now includes just Address Options
   - Single lifetime for the registration
- Address option now includes a Removal 'R' flag
- Address assignment clarified to be stateless
- General editing improvements
- New sections on Ad-hoc LoWPAN Operation and Message Examples, 
placeholders for now

- Zach

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: New Version Notification for draft-shelby-6lowpan-nd-01
Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2008 10:15:33 -0800 (PST)
From: IETF I-D Submission Tool <idsubmission@ietf.org>
To: zach@sensinode.com
CC: 
pthubert@cisco.com,jhui@archrock.com,samitac@ipinfusion.com,Erik.Nordmark@Sun.COM


A new version of I-D, draft-shelby-6lowpan-nd-01.txt has been 
successfuly submitted by Zach Shelby and posted to the IETF repository.

Filename:	 draft-shelby-6lowpan-nd
Revision:	 01
Title:		 Neighbor Discovery for 6LoWPAN
Creation_date:	 2008-11-17
WG ID:		 Independent Submission
Number_of_pages: 37

Abstract:
This document specifies Neighbor Discovery optimized for 6LoWPAN.
The 6LoWPAN format allows IPv6 to be used over very low-power, low-
bandwidth wireless networks often making use of extended multihop
topologies.  However, the use of standard IPv6 Neighbor Discovery
over 6LoWPAN networks has several problems.  Standard Neighbor
Discovery was not designed for wireless links, the standard IPv6 link
concept and heavy use of multicast makes it inefficient.  This
document spefies a new mechanism allowing efficient Duplicate Address
Detection over entire 6LoWPAN networks.  In addition it specifies
prefix and context dissemination for use with router advertisements,
allows for stateless address assignment, and the use of Neighbor
Discovery Proxy.
 



The IETF Secretariat.



-- 

Zach Shelby
Head of Research
Sensinode Ltd.
Kidekuja 2
88610 Vuokatti
FINLAND

mobile: +358 40 7796297

This e-mail and all attached material are confidential and may contain 
legally privileged information. If you are not the intended recipient, 
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From 6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Nov 17 13:37:15 2008
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From: "Eunsook \"Eunah\" Kim" <eunah.ietf@gmail.com>
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Dear 6lowpaners,

New version (-08) version of 6lowpan routing requirements has been submitted.
WG comments are needed. We, co-authors hope we have productive
discussion at the tomorrow meeting.

-eunah


---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: IETF I-D Submission Tool <idsubmission@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, Nov 18, 2008 at 6:31 AM
Subject: New Version Notification for draft-dokaspar-6lowpan-routreq-08
To: eunah.ietf@gmail.com
Cc: dokaspar.ietf@gmail.com, carlesgo@entel.upc.edu, cabo@tzi.org



A new version of I-D, draft-dokaspar-6lowpan-routreq-08.txt has been
successfuly submitted by Eunsook Kim and posted to the IETF
repository.

Filename:        draft-dokaspar-6lowpan-routreq
Revision:        08
Title:           Problem Statement and Requirements for 6LoWPAN Routing
Creation_date:   2008-11-17
WG ID:           Independent Submission
Number_of_pages: 28

Abstract:
This document provides the problem statement for 6LoWPAN routing.  It
also defines the requirements for 6LoWPAN routing considering IEEE
802.15.4 specificities and the low-power characteristics of the
network and its devices.



The IETF Secretariat.
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From 6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Nov 18 10:44:45 2008
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Hi,

In today's meeting, we didn't make a consensus to have the UDP checksum
elide bit in the HC.  I think that it is something like UDP-NAT.
The 6lowpan adaptation layer is responsible to realize it.
In my understanding, the UDP stack of both end devices should calculate
the checksum, and the 6lowpan layer elides or recalculate the checksum.
I believe it is UDP still.
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From: "Pascal Thubert (pthubert)" <pthubert@cisco.com>
To: "Shoichi Sakane" <sakane@tanu.org>, "6lowpan" <6lowpan@ietf.org>,
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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
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Hi Shoishi:

I agree with you that the expanded packet is UDP. Whatever is inside
that UDP packet is not IETF concern long as the UDP guidelines
(http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tsvwg-udp-guidelines) from
transport area are followed by the upper layer.

So again (and again):

- The draft is not talking about a zero checksum: there appeared to be
some confusion with the discussions around UDP tunnels in CAPWAP, AMT or
LISP. Here, once the packet is expanded it is a valid UDP packet with a
correct checksum. Routers on the way can verify that checksum if they
care. The receiver receives a UDP packet with a proper UDP header and
has to verify that checksum. What happens next is beyond UDP. 

- The draft not talking about hop-by-hop Message Integrity Check within
the LoWPAN: Geoff introduced some confusion yesterday. 

- The draft is not loosing end to end integrity: the checksum can be
elided ONLY IF there is an end-to-end integrity mechanism above UDP that
is better than UDP checksum, covers everything that the UDP checksum
covers (including the UDP pseudo header) etc... Yes we are talking about
an improved UDP, but it inherits all the UDP properties so it is still
UDP.

But it is critical that the HC2 defined in the draft expands into a NH
of UDP (17) even when the checksum is elided:

- UDP is ULP agnostic: 6LoWPAN constrains the range of ports (F0Bx) so
it implies that a port number will be overloaded depending on the
deployments. Considering this, it makes a lot of sense that some magic
happens at the ULP to make sure that the message being received is
expected, IOW it makes a lot of sense to have an additional MIC that not
only verifies the integraty but also authenticate the data.

- UDP is well understood by now: with UDP, come the UDP guidelines and
all the litterature.

- UDP is a good fit for smart objects: It is lightweight and enables
applications to save battery in constrained devices by piggy-backing
acks and payload.

- what would it expand to anyway? Defining an adhoc (6LoWPAN?) transport
protocol, we'd loose UDP handling in the Internet. NATs (yes they are
still there). Firewalls. Not defining it, we'd force other parties that
would implement 6LowPAN with checksum compression to invent their own
stuff. That's exactly the opposite of our mission, not only as 6LowPAN
but as IETF.

My take is to stick to what the draft does. We can improve the wording
but changing the bottom-line would hurt terribly the applicability of
this work.

Pascal

>-----Original Message-----
>From: 6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org] On
Behalf Of Shoichi Sakane
>Sent: mardi 18 novembre 2008 19:47
>To: 6lowpan
>Subject: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
>
>Hi,
>
>In today's meeting, we didn't make a consensus to have the UDP checksum
>elide bit in the HC.  I think that it is something like UDP-NAT.
>The 6lowpan adaptation layer is responsible to realize it.
>In my understanding, the UDP stack of both end devices should calculate
>the checksum, and the 6lowpan layer elides or recalculate the checksum.
>I believe it is UDP still.
>_______________________________________________
>6lowpan mailing list
>6lowpan@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/6lowpan
_______________________________________________
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From: Carsten Bormann <cabo@tzi.org>
To: "Pascal Thubert (pthubert)" <pthubert@cisco.com>
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Cc: Carsten Bormann <cabo@tzi.org>, 6lowpan <6lowpan@ietf.org>,
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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
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Hi Pascal,

let's phrase your requirements and the proposed implementation in a  
different way.
You have a "upper layer transport protocol" (ULTP) layered above UDP.   
ULTP includes a MIC that functionally is more powerful than the UDP  
checksum (and includes everything that the latter checks).

BTW, legacy NATs don't work here (they would also need to rewrite the  
ULTP MIC, as the pseudoheader changes with new addresses).  (Oh, and  
routers have little business checking UDP checksums.)

The important thing here: we have to consider both the 6lowpan nodes  
(which may want to save two bytes and some unneeded UDP checksum  
computation) and the correspondent nodes (which have to work with  
legacy OSes and firewalls, but now can't accommodate non-ULTP-friendly  
NATs).

A 6lowpan node that sends out an IP/UDP/ULTP packet compresses away  
the UDP checksum and leaves only the ULTP MIC.  The decompressor at  
the 6lowpan boundary builds a UDP header that includes computed length  
and a newly generated checksum *after it has checked the ULTP MIC*.   
The correspondent node runs a legacy OS that does not know anything  
about ULTP, so the app writer is quite happy that the app can simply  
set up a UDP socket and do the ULTP processing (which may or may not  
include checking the MIC -- irrelevant here) in the app; the OS does  
the UDP checksum checking.

One the way from the correspondent node to the 6lowpan node, an app  
that implements the ULTP computes the MIC to allow the compressor at  
the 6lowpan boundary to check it and, if that *and* the UDP checksum  
were correct, to compress away the UDP checksum.  The ULTP  
implementation of the 6lowpan node now only has the ULTP MIC to check,  
which it does if it cares about e2e integrity; the UDP checksum is no  
longer available but has already been checked by the compressor.  As  
is often the case with header compression, the compressor decides by  
oracle that an ULTP was present (there is no indication in the UDP  
packet); a matching MIC is a very good oracle, though.  In any case,  
header compression *is* layer violation, so there is nothing new here.

One interesting side effect of using the ULTP presence oracle in the  
compressor is that, if the ULTP checksum happens to match, a random  
6lowpan node (that does not implement ULTP) might get a UDP packet  
with an elided checksum.  If that still wants to check the packet, it  
needs to implement the ULTP MIC (which we haven't standardized).   
There is a low likelihood of that happening, but this is not just a  
"packet loss", as it systematically will affect any packet that  
happens to match the MIC even if retransmitted.
In effect, this makes ULTP implementation an all-or-nothing  
requirement on the 6lowpan nodes.  This is the only problem I see with  
this kind of header compression.  (Oh, and, if that is the case, is  
there any point in compressing ULTP as well?)

Do you have a pointer to how the ULTP MIC you have in mind works?   
(Pointing to the entirety of a 1500 page document does not count :-)

Gruesse, Carsten

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From 6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Nov 19 05:37:29 2008
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From: Shoichi Sakane <sakane@tanu.org>
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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
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Hi Carsten,

What I was talking about UDP-NAT is only about the recalculation
of the UDP checksum.  I didn't mean the address translation happened
with this 6lowpan case.

I don't understand why the 6lowpan stack of the receiver builds the UDP
checksum after the ULTP stack has checked the ULTP MIC ?  It is straightforward
that the UDP checksum is built by the 6lowpan stack before the UDP stack gets
the decompressed message before the ULTP stack will get the message.
I am thinking that all of the decompressing is processed at the 6lowpan stack
which is dedicated under the IP stack.  Am I misunderstanding ?

===
Shoichi Sakane

On 11/19/2008 10:00 PM, Carsten Bormann wrote:
> Hi Pascal,
> 
> let's phrase your requirements and the proposed implementation in a 
> different way.
> You have a "upper layer transport protocol" (ULTP) layered above UDP.  
> ULTP includes a MIC that functionally is more powerful than the UDP 
> checksum (and includes everything that the latter checks).
> 
> BTW, legacy NATs don't work here (they would also need to rewrite the 
> ULTP MIC, as the pseudoheader changes with new addresses).  (Oh, and 
> routers have little business checking UDP checksums.)
> 
> The important thing here: we have to consider both the 6lowpan nodes 
> (which may want to save two bytes and some unneeded UDP checksum 
> computation) and the correspondent nodes (which have to work with legacy 
> OSes and firewalls, but now can't accommodate non-ULTP-friendly NATs).
> 
> A 6lowpan node that sends out an IP/UDP/ULTP packet compresses away the 
> UDP checksum and leaves only the ULTP MIC.  The decompressor at the 
> 6lowpan boundary builds a UDP header that includes computed length and a 
> newly generated checksum *after it has checked the ULTP MIC*.  The 
> correspondent node runs a legacy OS that does not know anything about 
> ULTP, so the app writer is quite happy that the app can simply set up a 
> UDP socket and do the ULTP processing (which may or may not include 
> checking the MIC -- irrelevant here) in the app; the OS does the UDP 
> checksum checking.
> 
> One the way from the correspondent node to the 6lowpan node, an app that 
> implements the ULTP computes the MIC to allow the compressor at the 
> 6lowpan boundary to check it and, if that *and* the UDP checksum were 
> correct, to compress away the UDP checksum.  The ULTP implementation of 
> the 6lowpan node now only has the ULTP MIC to check, which it does if it 
> cares about e2e integrity; the UDP checksum is no longer available but 
> has already been checked by the compressor.  As is often the case with 
> header compression, the compressor decides by oracle that an ULTP was 
> present (there is no indication in the UDP packet); a matching MIC is a 
> very good oracle, though.  In any case, header compression *is* layer 
> violation, so there is nothing new here.
> 
> One interesting side effect of using the ULTP presence oracle in the 
> compressor is that, if the ULTP checksum happens to match, a random 
> 6lowpan node (that does not implement ULTP) might get a UDP packet with 
> an elided checksum.  If that still wants to check the packet, it needs 
> to implement the ULTP MIC (which we haven't standardized).  There is a 
> low likelihood of that happening, but this is not just a "packet loss", 
> as it systematically will affect any packet that happens to match the 
> MIC even if retransmitted.
> In effect, this makes ULTP implementation an all-or-nothing requirement 
> on the 6lowpan nodes.  This is the only problem I see with this kind of 
> header compression.  (Oh, and, if that is the case, is there any point 
> in compressing ULTP as well?)
> 
> Do you have a pointer to how the ULTP MIC you have in mind works?  
> (Pointing to the entirety of a 1500 page document does not count :-)
> 
> Gruesse, Carsten
> 
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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
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Carsten Bormann wrote:

> One the way from the correspondent node to the 6lowpan node, an app that 
> implements the ULTP computes the MIC to allow the compressor at the 
> 6lowpan boundary to check it and, if that *and* the UDP checksum were 
> correct, to compress away the UDP checksum. 

What happens if I have an application on a correspondent node which 
sends a regular UDP packet? (i.e., without the ULTP MIC) How can the 
compressor tell the difference between such a UDP packet and a UDP 
packet which includes the ULTP MIC?

    Erik
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On Nov 19, 2008, at 08:42 , Erik Nordmark wrote:

> Carsten Bormann wrote:
>
>> One the way from the correspondent node to the 6lowpan node, an app  
>> that implements the ULTP computes the MIC to allow the compressor  
>> at the 6lowpan boundary to check it and, if that *and* the UDP  
>> checksum were correct, to compress away the UDP checksum.
>
> What happens if I have an application on a correspondent node which  
> sends a regular UDP packet? (i.e., without the ULTP MIC) How can the  
> compressor tell the difference between such a UDP packet and a UDP  
> packet which includes the ULTP MIC?

That is indeed the point I was making.

I wrote:

> As is often the case with header compression, the compressor decides  
> by oracle that an ULTP was present (there is no indication in the  
> UDP packet); a matching MIC is a very good oracle, though.  In any  
> case, header compression *is* layer violation, so there is nothing  
> new here.

So the answer is: If the MIC doesn't match (or there are not enough  
bytes that this could be a MICed packet), the UDP checksum stays in.
If the MIC *does* match by accident, the compressor will likely decide  
to take out the UDP checksum, which leads to the second half of my  
point:

> One interesting side effect of using the ULTP presence oracle in the  
> compressor is that, if the ULTP checksum happens to match, a random  
> 6lowpan node (that does not implement ULTP) might get a UDP packet  
> with an elided checksum.  If that still wants to check the packet,  
> it needs to implement the ULTP MIC (which we haven't standardized).   
> There is a low likelihood of that happening, but this is not just a  
> "packet loss", as it systematically will affect any packet that  
> happens to match the MIC even if retransmitted.
> In effect, this makes ULTP implementation an all-or-nothing  
> requirement on the 6lowpan nodes.  This is the only problem I see  
> with this kind of header compression.  (Oh, and, if that is the  
> case, is there any point in compressing ULTP as well?)

Gruesse, Carsten

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From: "Pascal Thubert (pthubert)" <pthubert@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
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Hi Erik:

If the compressor is a router forwarding a packet into the lowpan, then
it can not so it will not compress the checksum. The only node that can
compress the checksum is the transport endpoint that sources the
compressed packet.

Today, 99.9 percent of the packets that transit in such networks are
data measurements transmitted from a sensor node towards an application
that resides on a gateway or on the backbone. So it's worth the effort.

Also, there are tons of legacy field buses protocols in that space that
we will be tunneling over UDP/6LoWPAN. In that case also, the checksum
will be elided.

Pascal

>-----Original Message-----
>From: Erik Nordmark [mailto:erik.nordmark@sun.com]
>Sent: mercredi 19 novembre 2008 15:42
>To: Carsten Bormann
>Cc: Pascal Thubert (pthubert); Shoichi Sakane; 6lowpan; Geoff Mulligan
>Subject: Re: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
>
>Carsten Bormann wrote:
>
>> One the way from the correspondent node to the 6lowpan node, an app
that
>> implements the ULTP computes the MIC to allow the compressor at the
>> 6lowpan boundary to check it and, if that *and* the UDP checksum were
>> correct, to compress away the UDP checksum.
>
>What happens if I have an application on a correspondent node which
>sends a regular UDP packet? (i.e., without the ULTP MIC) How can the
>compressor tell the difference between such a UDP packet and a UDP
>packet which includes the ULTP MIC?
>
>    Erik
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On Nov 19, 2008, at 07:39 , Shoichi Sakane wrote:

> Hi Carsten,
>
> What I was talking about UDP-NAT is only about the recalculation
> of the UDP checksum.  I didn't mean the address translation happened
> with this 6lowpan case.

OK.
(I still think it's worth to make the point that the ULTP MIC renders  
legacy NATs unusable unless there is a way to undo the damage before  
checking/generating the MIC.)

> I don't understand why the 6lowpan stack of the receiver builds the  
> UDP
> checksum after the ULTP stack has checked the ULTP MIC ?

It shouldn't (unless the implementation is so cleanly layered that the  
UDP layer would immediately discard the packet).  Did I say that?
At the compressor, you *have* to layer-violate, as usual.

> It is straightforward
> that the UDP checksum is built by the 6lowpan stack before the UDP  
> stack gets
> the decompressed message before the ULTP stack will get the message.

Again, if your implementation is that cleanly layered.
Conceptually speaking, you are right.

> I am thinking that all of the decompressing is processed at the  
> 6lowpan stack
> which is dedicated under the IP stack.  Am I misunderstanding ?

No, conceptually, you are right.
But when you argue about complexity of implementation, in reality  
there will be a signal from the decompressor that the UDP layer does  
not have to bother checking (actually, that the whole UDP layer is  
bypassed except for port numbers).

Gruesse, Carsten

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Shoichi just talked to me and made me realize that this can be put in  
a simpler way:

Where HC-03 says:

    C: Checksum:
       0: All 16 bits of Checksum are carried in-line.  The Checksum  
MUST
          be included if there are no other end-to-end integrity checks
          that are stronger than what is provided by the UDP checksum.
          Such an integrity check MUST be end-to-end and cover the IPv6
          pseudo-header, UDP header, and UDP payload.
       1: All 16 bits of Checksum are elided.  The Checksum is recovered
          by recomputing it.

How does the compressor know that there are "other end-to-end  
integrity checks
that are stronger than what is provided by the UDP checksum."?
It might on the sending end node.
It's hard to know that on a router, however; just looking at the  
packet doesn't tell.
Oracles only help if both cases are supported at both the compressor  
and the decompressor side, because the oracle can err.

Gruesse, Carsten

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> The only node that can
> compress the checksum is the transport endpoint that sources the
> compressed packet.

That might be good material for a note in HC-03 then.

> Also, there are tons of legacy field buses protocols in that space  
> that
> we will be tunneling over UDP/6LoWPAN. In that case also, the checksum
> will be elided.

More text for the note.  The tunneling protocol would have to include  
a checksum covering the pseudo-header, though.

Gruesse, Carsten

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Hi Carsten 

(a long mail :) )

You got me slightly wrong:
the MIC is end to end over UDP and has to be there and checked.

Most times there will be no NAT because we are using IPv6 within a
domain 
- say a factory plant, an enterprise, a building, a home. 
I do not expect IPv6 to IPv6 NATs there, would you?

If there is a need to traverse IPv4 then I suspect that IPv6 will be
simply
tunneled over IPv4 and the IPv6 addresses will be preserved. 
I'm more concerned with firewalls then I am with NATs.

One thing that is very important is that the set of well-compressed
ports 
is very narrow (16). All 6LoWPAN deployments will attempt to reuse that 
range of ports, so F0Bx ports will be highly overloaded by differents 
6LoWPAN Applications.

An application listening to these ports should protect itself against 
unwanted traffic, either sent there by mistake or as the result of an
attack. 
So end-to-end authentication AND integrity are required.  This is why 
more often than not you'll get the MIC we are talking about. 

Now if we have an application that does not check for MICs, UDP will 
pass the packet to the application because it is valid at that layer.
Hopefully the app can recognize its payload, but it's not as safe.

More below:

>let's phrase your requirements and the proposed implementation in a
>different way.
>You have a "upper layer transport protocol" (ULTP) layered above UDP.
>ULTP includes a MIC that functionally is more powerful than the UDP
>checksum (and includes everything that the latter checks).

[Pascal] Right. 

>BTW, legacy NATs don't work here (they would also need to rewrite the
>ULTP MIC, as the pseudoheader changes with new addresses).  (Oh, and
>routers have little business checking UDP checksums.)

[Pascal] They do though, when forwarding cost makes it worth the effort.
An example of that is DTN in deep space. UDP checksum is a layer
violation anyway.

>The important thing here: we have to consider both the 6lowpan nodes
>(which may want to save two bytes and some unneeded UDP checksum
>computation) and the correspondent nodes (which have to work with
>legacy OSes and firewalls, but now can't accommodate non-ULTP-friendly
>NATs). 

>A 6lowpan node that sends out an IP/UDP/ULTP packet compresses away
>the UDP checksum and leaves only the ULTP MIC.  The decompressor at
>the 6lowpan boundary builds a UDP header that includes computed length
>and a newly generated checksum *after it has checked the ULTP MIC*.

[Pascal] A 6LoWPAN router would NOT check the ULTP MIC - an ALG would.
6LoWPAN defines IP and UDP compression but ULTP MIC is beyond the spec.
That's why the correspondent end point HAS TO check the MIC. 

>The correspondent node runs a legacy OS that does not know anything
>about ULTP, so the app writer is quite happy that the app can simply
>set up a UDP socket and do the ULTP processing (which may or may not
>include checking the MIC -- irrelevant here) in the app; the OS does
>the UDP checksum checking.

[Pascal] The correspondent needs to run ULTP over UDP. 
Agreed about the OS operation on a legacy node.

>One the way from the correspondent node to the 6lowpan node, an app
>that implements the ULTP computes the MIC to allow the compressor at
>the 6lowpan boundary to check it and, if that *and* the UDP checksum
>were correct, to compress away the UDP checksum.  The ULTP
>implementation of the 6lowpan node now only has the ULTP MIC to check,
>which it does if it cares about e2e integrity; the UDP checksum is no
>longer available but has already been checked by the compressor.  As
>is often the case with header compression, the compressor decides by
>oracle that an ULTP was present (there is no indication in the UDP
>packet); a matching MIC is a very good oracle, though.  In any case,
>header compression *is* layer violation, so there is nothing new here.
>
[Pascal] 

I do not expect that much - at least initially. The edge router
that performs 6LoWPAN compression might be in the middle of many 
application flows that might use different flavors of ULTP so it does
not 
know what MIC to apply. Also, since the MIC is probably also used for
authentication purposes, the router simply does not have the keys.

So it can either compress all packets, no packets, or get a hint 
from the packet like a flow label, in a way that is not standardized
today.

So we can not save easily the 2 bytes in that direction in the general
case.
But we can save on the operation in the receiving node.

A receiving node can check for the MIC first, and, if there is a MIC,
It can bypass the checksum validation that can be more expensive in
energy
than the MIC computation because the MIC will use whatever crypto the 
hardware assist in the chipset provides. 

For instance, ISA100.11a uses CCM (RFC 3610) that is common in 802.15.4
chipsets for L2 security.

>One interesting side effect of using the ULTP presence oracle in the
>compressor is that, if the ULTP checksum happens to match, a random
>6lowpan node (that does not implement ULTP) might get a UDP packet
>with an elided checksum.  If that still wants to check the packet, it
>needs to implement the ULTP MIC (which we haven't standardized).
>There is a low likelihood of that happening, but this is not just a
>"packet loss", as it systematically will affect any packet that
>happens to match the MIC even if retransmitted.
>In effect, this makes ULTP implementation an all-or-nothing
>requirement on the 6lowpan nodes.  This is the only problem I see with
>this kind of header compression.  (Oh, and, if that is the case, is
>there any point in compressing ULTP as well?)
>
>Do you have a pointer to how the ULTP MIC you have in mind works?
>(Pointing to the entirety of a 1500 page document does not count :-)
>
[Pascal] 
I can point you to the 10-20 pages of ISA100.11a transport, though 
I'd rather wait till it has migrated from RFC 4944 to hc-03, which will 
happen in the current of the month. But that's just an example. 

Same causes, same effects, other 6LoWPAN application designers have a
good 
chance to reach similar conclusions and require a MIC one way or
another.

Best :)
 
Pascal


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From: "Pascal Thubert (pthubert)" <pthubert@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
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That's right.

The checksum is always 'virtually there' when it's elided. As opposde to
NULL.

We need to add text that when tunneling another protocol that protects
itself, the checksum can be elided but has to be restored when the
packet is expanded. 

This is the same spirit but a slightly different case because in the
tunnel case, the source and destination that are protected by the MIC
(of the inner packet) are different from the outer header protected by
UDP, though the UDP protection does not help so much that it would be
required to leave it uncompressed.

Would you propose text? We have a few typos to fix so we can always
publish a cleaner 04 before we address the other comments from the WG
meeting like contexts, link local, etc...

Pascal

>-----Original Message-----
>From: Carsten Bormann [mailto:cabo@tzi.org]
>Sent: mercredi 19 novembre 2008 17:48
>To: Pascal Thubert (pthubert)
>Cc: Carsten Bormann; Erik Nordmark; Shoichi Sakane; 6lowpan; Geoff
Mulligan
>Subject: Re: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
>
>> The only node that can
>> compress the checksum is the transport endpoint that sources the
>> compressed packet.
>
>That might be good material for a note in HC-03 then.
>
>> Also, there are tons of legacy field buses protocols in that space
>> that
>> we will be tunneling over UDP/6LoWPAN. In that case also, the
checksum
>> will be elided.
>
>More text for the note.  The tunneling protocol would have to include
>a checksum covering the pseudo-header, though.
>
>Gruesse, Carsten

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Pascal Thubert (pthubert) wrote:
> Hi Erik:
> 
> If the compressor is a router forwarding a packet into the lowpan, then
> it can not so it will not compress the checksum. The only node that can
> compress the checksum is the transport endpoint that sources the
> compressed packet.
> 
> Today, 99.9 percent of the packets that transit in such networks are
> data measurements transmitted from a sensor node towards an application
> that resides on a gateway or on the backbone. So it's worth the effort.

Doesn't this imply that the sender needs to know whether the destination 
is on the far side of a router which does the decompression?
How can the sender determine this?

I don't see how it can tell that since we've been talking about
  - using the same subnet prefix for an extended 6lowpan
  - having the decompression happen in the ER
  - having hosts on the backbone

Thus when a host on the backbone sends a packet your first paragraph 
seems to say that the UDP checksum can not be compressed, since the 
packet is forwarded by a (compressing) ER.

Assuming the sending 6lowpan node uses the destination prefix ("is it in 
my subnet prefix?") to determine whether or not a MIC is included and 
the UDP checksum compressed out, then the hosts on the backbone will 
receive some UDP packets with a MIC, and other UDP packets (from other 
hosts) without a MIC.

IMHO it would be a lot more robust to define a new IP protocol number 
for the "UDP with a MIC" protocol.

    Erik
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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
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On 11/20/2008 01:45 AM, Carsten Bormann wrote:
> Shoichi just talked to me and made me realize that this can be put in a 
> simpler way:

Thank you for correcting me at the discussion.  My assumption was
different from all of you.  I was thinking that only when there was a
strong MIC under the 6lowpan layer, then the UDP checksum could be omitted.

The point was that how the ER or (de)compresser knew whether there
would be strong checksum at the end-to-end.  I think the behavior of
the 6lowpan layer should not depend on the upper layer situation.
I think that the decision of the behavior which it sets 0 or 1 should
be an out-of-band parameter.

> Where HC-03 says:
> 
>    C: Checksum:
>       0: All 16 bits of Checksum are carried in-line.  The Checksum MUST
>          be included if there are no other end-to-end integrity checks
>          that are stronger than what is provided by the UDP checksum.
>          Such an integrity check MUST be end-to-end and cover the IPv6
>          pseudo-header, UDP header, and UDP payload.

So, I propose this bit should be remained.  An environment needs to
reserve 2 bytes, and it has a stronger MIC, the administrator tells the
ER to set the C-bit to 1, and then the (de)compresser care the UDP checksum.
Is there any problem of my assumption ?

>       1: All 16 bits of Checksum are elided.  The Checksum is recovered
>          by recomputing it.
> 
> How does the compressor know that there are "other end-to-end integrity 
> checks
> that are stronger than what is provided by the UDP checksum."?
> It might on the sending end node.
> It's hard to know that on a router, however; just looking at the packet 
> doesn't tell.
> Oracles only help if both cases are supported at both the compressor and 
> the decompressor side, because the oracle can err.
> 
> Gruesse, Carsten
> 
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On Nov 19, 2008, at 11:23 , Erik Nordmark wrote:

> Doesn't this imply that the sender needs to know whether the  
> destination is on the far side of a router which does the  
> decompression?

Decompression usually happens at the L2-L3 boundary, so it is always  
the case that the packet undergoes decompression before being handed  
to a router or app.
Yes, L4 compression is undone before any L3 forwarding (did I mention  
"layer violation"?).
(Implementations can optimize that so a L3 forwarder does not really  
have to decompress/compress if the packet goes into a similar network,  
but conceptually it has to.)

> I don't see how it can tell that since we've been talking about
> - using the same subnet prefix for an extended 6lowpan
> - having the decompression happen in the ER
> - having hosts on the backbone

The L3 forwarder cannot make that optimization then.

> Thus when a host on the backbone sends a packet your first paragraph  
> seems to say that the UDP checksum can not be compressed, since the  
> packet is forwarded by a (compressing) ER.

Correct.

Also, when a UDP-checksum-elided packet traverses the backbone, it  
will be sent back into the lowpan without the elision optimization.   
Big deal, I'd say; not the case we are optimizing for.
Think "outsourcing the checksum computation to the ER".

> Assuming the sending 6lowpan node uses the destination prefix ("is  
> it in my subnet prefix?") to determine whether or not a MIC is  
> included and the UDP checksum compressed out, then the hosts on the  
> backbone will receive some UDP packets with a MIC, and other UDP  
> packets (from other hosts) without a MIC.

I think Pascal is right that this is a first-hop (plus all contiguous  
hops that can make the above optimization in their forwarders)  
optimization.  The app can then simply signal the applicability of UDP  
checksum elision down the stack.

> IMHO it would be a lot more robust to define a new IP protocol  
> number for the "UDP with a MIC" protocol.

Yes, in a greenfield world.
The problem is that the correspondent nodes are random legacy PCs and  
such stuff.
How do you handle "UDP with a MIC" in Windows 3.1?
(Yes, that is a rhetorical question, since 3.1 did not have IPv6.)

Gruesse, Carsten

PS.: I'm not saying the whole ordeal is worth it.  I'm just saying it  
can be made to work.
Sometimes complexity like this is needed for political reasons.   
Convince me that it is.
It will be much harder to convince me that there is a technical reason.

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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
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Carsten Bormann wrote:

> Also, when a UDP-checksum-elided packet traverses the backbone, it will 
> be sent back into the lowpan without the elision optimization.  Big 
> deal, I'd say; not the case we are optimizing for.
> Think "outsourcing the checksum computation to the ER".

I don't have a problem with that form of outsourcing as long as L2 has 
checksum/CRC that is applied between the ER and 6lowpan host that is at 
least as strong as the UDP checksum.

That would be a reasonable layer violation, since L3 can check the L2 
capabilities (implicitly or explicitly.)

But the case at hand is where L3 needs to depend on L7 capabilities, and 
furthermore the ER doesn't have an exact way to determine whether the 
application has those capabilies; ithe ERt needs to employ some 
heuristic guesswork.

> Yes, in a greenfield world.
> The problem is that the correspondent nodes are random legacy PCs and 
> such stuff.
> How do you handle "UDP with a MIC" in Windows 3.1?
> (Yes, that is a rhetorical question, since 3.1 did not have IPv6.)

Don't all the OSes on the legacy nodes on the backbone or that will run 
as gateways have support for raw sockets?

> PS.: I'm not saying the whole ordeal is worth it.  I'm just saying it 
> can be made to work.

Your definition of "work" might be different than mine ;-)
It doesn't look robust when it is based on heuristics of this form.

    Erik
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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
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>
>> Also, when a UDP-checksum-elided packet traverses the backbone, it
will
>> be sent back into the lowpan without the elision optimization.  Big
>> deal, I'd say; not the case we are optimizing for.
>> Think "outsourcing the checksum computation to the ER".
>
>I don't have a problem with that form of outsourcing as long as L2 has
>checksum/CRC that is applied between the ER and 6lowpan host that is at
>least as strong as the UDP checksum.
[Pascal] 
The stronger CRC we are talking about is in fact end-to-end so it
encompasses the compressed segment. The Edge router can not know whether
that happens, it can only trust that the source node behaved, and
compressed the checksum only if it was entitled to per our spec.



>That would be a reasonable layer violation, since L3 can check the L2
>capabilities (implicitly or explicitly.)
[Pascal] 
We can not be relying on the L2 MIC in mesh-under because the L2
information that the ER sees covers only the last hop. 

>
>But the case at hand is where L3 needs to depend on L7 capabilities,
and
>furthermore the ER doesn't have an exact way to determine whether the
>application has those capabilies; ithe ERt needs to employ some
>heuristic guesswork.
[Pascal] 
It is the source node responsibility to elide the checksum. The ER does
not guess; it has to trust that the source node complies to this spec
and is entitled to perform the compression.

- For a packet sourced in a node in the LoWPAN, the ER recomputes a
compressed checksum as part of the UDP expansion in the input (6LoWPAN)
interface, and then passes the packet to L3.

- For a packet coming from outside, the ER can not compress. Some manual
config or hint in the packet might enable that but it's out of scope for
this doc.


>
>> Yes, in a greenfield world.
>> The problem is that the correspondent nodes are random legacy PCs and
>> such stuff.
>> How do you handle "UDP with a MIC" in Windows 3.1?
>> (Yes, that is a rhetorical question, since 3.1 did not have IPv6.)
>
>Don't all the OSes on the legacy nodes on the backbone or that will run
>as gateways have support for raw sockets?
[Pascal] 
6LoWPAN compression/expansion happens in a shim layer between L2 and L3.


When sending a packet, Upper layers have to pass hints down the stack to
enable it, like an IOCTL. That will be highly implementation dependant,
but quite easy in a sensor stack that is very light and
mission-optimized.

OSes in Hosts in the backbome do not see a thing since all the magic
happens above UDP. 

Gateways terminate the transport layer so they have to support 6LoWPAN
interface like any node in the LoWPAN. Gateways might or might not
shortcut the UDP checksum operation in presence of a MIC, depending on
how easy it is in the code base they are using. A 'clean' implementation
would have to compute the checksum in the shim for UDP above to verify
it. If the NULL checksum was allowed in IPv6 it would certainly be used
there.

>
>> PS.: I'm not saying the whole ordeal is worth it.  I'm just saying it
>> can be made to work.
>
>Your definition of "work" might be different than mine ;-)
>It doesn't look robust when it is based on heuristics of this form.
[Pascal] 
I can not see the need for heuristics. 
This mechanism has been discussed at length in this group and at ISA. 
For all I know it works but it's fair to shake it and review the
associated text to make sure it's very crisp on when the checksum can be
elided.


Pascal
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Thread-Topic: Proposed new text for the UDP checksum elide issue
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Subject: [6lowpan] Proposed new text for the UDP checksum elide issue
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Hi:

Carsten asked for a crisper wording for which node can elide the UDP 
checksum and when that happens. There seems to be a consensus that 
we are not ready to open the door for heuristics based operations.

So at this point, only the source of a packet MAY elide the checksum, 
And the receiver of a packet MAY ignore the checksum if it is present.
This in only allowed in the case of tunneling or stronger integrity 
check above UDP.

Here is a proposed text:

"
   With this specification, the source of a packet MAY elide the UDP
   checksum in the following cases:

   Tunneling:  The source of the packet is tunneling another packet that
      possesses its own integrity mechanism.
   Upper Layer MIC:  The Upper Layer Protocol over UDP uses an end-to-
      end Message Integrity Check (MIC) that has stronger properties
      than what is provided by the UDP checksum.  Such an integrity
      check MUST be end-to-end and cover the IPv6 pseudo-header, UDP
      header, and UDP payload.

   Only the source of a packet can know what Upper Layer operation takes
   place.  A router on the way that is not aware of such operation
   SHOULD NOT elide the UDP checksum when performing 6LoWPAN
   compression.

   The 6LoWPAN termination point has to recompute the elided checksum
   based on the received packet.  If that point is a router, then the
   router reforms a proper IPv6/UDP packet that can be forwarded on any
   interface.  If the 6LoWPAN termination point is the destination of
   the packet and is aware of the presence of the Upper Layer MIC for
   the destination UDP port, it MAY omit the UDP checksum operation
   completely.
"

What do you think?

Pascal


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From 6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Nov 20 07:17:10 2008
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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] Proposed new text for the UDP checksum elide issue
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Perhaps this is a "newbee" question, answered in the history of this 
discussion thread, but how does a lower layer "know" what kind of MIC may be 
applied by a higher layer (i.e. in the payload) unless it is explicitly told 
by the next higher layer?  The suggested wording requires such cross layer 
knowledge.  I see that only the source of the packet can know this, but 
likewise in that source node, how would the LoWPAN layer make such a 
determination? The obvious way is when informed by the upper layer via the 
appropriate SAP mechanisms. Would the wording not be more 'crisp' if it the 
only case is when the suppression of the UDP CRC is indicated by the upper 
layer?

Mention is made of this being a layer violation in the thread, but what I 
don't understand is why this is necessary in the standard?

Thanks

-Ben

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Pascal Thubert (pthubert)" <pthubert@cisco.com>
To: "6lowpan" <6lowpan@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2008 2:46 AM
Subject: [6lowpan] Proposed new text for the UDP checksum elide issue


> Hi:
>
> Carsten asked for a crisper wording for which node can elide the UDP
> checksum and when that happens. There seems to be a consensus that
> we are not ready to open the door for heuristics based operations.
>
> So at this point, only the source of a packet MAY elide the checksum,
> And the receiver of a packet MAY ignore the checksum if it is present.
> This in only allowed in the case of tunneling or stronger integrity
> check above UDP.
>
> Here is a proposed text:
>
> "
>   With this specification, the source of a packet MAY elide the UDP
>   checksum in the following cases:
>
>   Tunneling:  The source of the packet is tunneling another packet that
>      possesses its own integrity mechanism.
>   Upper Layer MIC:  The Upper Layer Protocol over UDP uses an end-to-
>      end Message Integrity Check (MIC) that has stronger properties
>      than what is provided by the UDP checksum.  Such an integrity
>      check MUST be end-to-end and cover the IPv6 pseudo-header, UDP
>      header, and UDP payload.
>
>   Only the source of a packet can know what Upper Layer operation takes
>   place.  A router on the way that is not aware of such operation
>   SHOULD NOT elide the UDP checksum when performing 6LoWPAN
>   compression.
>
>   The 6LoWPAN termination point has to recompute the elided checksum
>   based on the received packet.  If that point is a router, then the
>   router reforms a proper IPv6/UDP packet that can be forwarded on any
>   interface.  If the 6LoWPAN termination point is the destination of
>   the packet and is aware of the presence of the Upper Layer MIC for
>   the destination UDP port, it MAY omit the UDP checksum operation
>   completely.
> "
>
> What do you think?
>
> Pascal
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> 6lowpan mailing list
> 6lowpan@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/6lowpan
> 

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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
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All,

Would it be possible to make sense by the following text ?
Please correct me if there is something wrong.

- the 6lowpan compresser of the source of a packet MAY elide
  the UDP checksum when the stack is aware of presence of
  a MIC at the other layer.

- the 6lowpan decompresser of the destination of a packet MUST build
  the UDP checksum when the C bit has being set to 1.

- the 6lowpan (de)compresser of a gateway b/w the 6lowpan cloud and
  others:

   + MUST build the UDP checksum in the case that the C bit has
     being set to 1 when the node is going to forward the packet
     from the 6lowpan cloud to the others.

   + MAY elide the UDP checksum in the case that the stack is
     aware of presence of a MIC at the other layer, and MUST
     set the C bit to 1 in this case when the node is going to
     forward the packet to the 6lowpan cloud from the others.

- Any UDP stack of the source (or the destination) of a packet must
  always calculate (or check) the UDP checksum according to RFC2460.

- The mechanism by which the 6lowpan stack is aware of presence of
  a MIC at the other layer is out of scope of this specification.
  E.g. it might be realized by a manual configuration.
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From: Carsten Bormann <cabo@tzi.org>
To: "Benjamin A. Rolfe" <ben@blindcreek.com>
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Cc: Carsten Bormann <cabo@tzi.org>, 6lowpan <6lowpan@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [6lowpan] Proposed new text for the UDP checksum elide issue
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On Nov 20, 2008, at 09:17 , Benjamin A. Rolfe wrote:

> how does a lower layer "know" what kind of MIC may be applied by a  
> higher layer

I think we have arrived at: "the higher layer has to tell the lower  
layer".
Since we can't put this information into the packet, this means the  
optimization can only be done on the source host.
Also, a 6lowpan-to-6lowpan forwarder (router node inside the 6lowpan)  
can use the fact that the incoming packet has the optimization as  
authorization in order to also apply it on the outgoing packet.
Once the packet has gone through a non-6lowpan router, the  
authorization to elide is lost.
Also, the app is only supposed to give the authorization of it knows  
the other end will check the MIC.

The remaining danger is that a packet with a mid-span-generated  
checksum has been corrupted inside the 6lowpan to go to a different  
node; the checksum generated at the 6lowpan egress will be based on  
that corrupted information, so cannot detect that.  So a node that  
does not know about (or expect) MICs is going to process the corrupted  
packet.  I think this is a danger we can live with, given how weak the  
UDP checksum is in the first place.

So I propose the following text for a new subsection in the UDP  
compression section:



n.n.n UDP checksum elision guidelines

A compressor MUST NOT set the C bit unless it has received  
authorization from the sending application to elide the checksum.  The  
application SHOULD only provide the authorization if there is some  
other form of integrity check in the packet that covers at least the  
same information as the UDP checksum (data, pseudo header) and has at  
least the same strength.

There are only two ways this authorization to elide can pass from an  
application to a compressor:

1) Locally within a source node (the specific form is local matter,  
e.g., by a setsockopt() or as a parameter of the packet sending  
interface).

2) Within a forwarding node: the forwarding node MAY imply  
authorization from the incoming packet being forwarded if the C bit  
was set there.

Note that this makes UDP checksum elision a first-hop or first-few- 
hops optimization; once the packet has left the 6lowpan or transited a  
node that does not implement (2), the UDP checksum may not be elided  
any more.  This also means that the checksum has to actually be  
computed and inserted into the packet at a node that does not  
implement (2) or at an egress Edge Router.


Comments?

Gruesse, Carsten

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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
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Pascal Thubert (pthubert) wrote:
>>> Also, when a UDP-checksum-elided packet traverses the backbone, it
> will
>>> be sent back into the lowpan without the elision optimization.  Big
>>> deal, I'd say; not the case we are optimizing for.
>>> Think "outsourcing the checksum computation to the ER".
>> I don't have a problem with that form of outsourcing as long as L2 has
>> checksum/CRC that is applied between the ER and 6lowpan host that is at
>> least as strong as the UDP checksum.
> [Pascal] 
> The stronger CRC we are talking about is in fact end-to-end so it
> encompasses the compressed segment. The Edge router can not know whether
> that happens, it can only trust that the source node behaved, and
> compressed the checksum only if it was entitled to per our spec.

You ignored the "L2" in my sentence. It is quite key.

> 
> 
>> That would be a reasonable layer violation, since L3 can check the L2
>> capabilities (implicitly or explicitly.)
> [Pascal] 
> We can not be relying on the L2 MIC in mesh-under because the L2
> information that the ER sees covers only the last hop. 

So it would have to be a L2.5 MIC.

But my point is really about having an architecture that helps with 
robustness and having a solid base from which the protocols can evolve. 
Having L3 depend on a L7 MIC without being able to reliably determine 
whether the L7 MIC is present in the packet doesn't seem to do that.

> I can not see the need for heuristics. 
> This mechanism has been discussed at length in this group and at ISA. 
> For all I know it works but it's fair to shake it and review the
> associated text to make sure it's very crisp on when the checksum can be
> elided.

I think without an explicit way for the decompressor at the L3-L2 
boundary to tell that there is a L7 MIC the proposal is just a hack and 
should not be standardized.

    Erik
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Hi Erik

>> I can not see the need for heuristics.
>> This mechanism has been discussed at length in this group and at ISA.
>> For all I know it works but it's fair to shake it and review the
>> associated text to make sure it's very crisp on when the checksum can
be
>> elided.
>
>I think without an explicit way for the decompressor at the L3-L2
>boundary to tell that there is a L7 MIC the proposal is just a hack and
>should not be standardized.

[Pascal] It knows that there is a MIC because the checksum is elided.
The source is not allowed to elide the checksum otherwise. It is up to
the source to screw up but that's true for all the rest.

Pascal
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Lowpanners,

as you may have noticed from the strange messages, the issue tracker  
for the 6lowpan WG documents is now active.  The idea is that this  
will provide a nice and comprehensive list of open issues for the WG  
documents, and a way to focus discussion threads on specific issues  
with a clear path to resolving them.

In the next couple of days, I'll try to capture discussion items from  
the WG meeting into the tracker.
Of course, all of you are free to add issues yourself (or to send me  
mail to add issues).
The rule is that if you don't like something about one of our WG  
documents, there should be an issue for that in the tracker.

The issue tracker is an instance of the well-known "Trac" system.   
Trac calls issues "tickets", as the roots of that system are in  
software bug tracking.  This also means some of Trac's terminology can  
be a bit strange for our purposes, but I believe it is much better to  
use the current IETF Tools instance than to invent something new for  
our WG.

You can access the issue list at:

http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/6lowpan/trac/report/1

Note that you can click the headings of the table to sort the list by  
specific columns.

To get write access to the tracker site:

http://wiki.tools.ietf.org/newlogin

Please look at the existing tickets for an idea how to fill in the  
data fields for new tickets (we don't have clear guidelines yet, but  
should try to achieve some commonality).  Please try to make the  
tickets actionable or at least clearly self-describing ("section 3.5  
is gibberish" does not help).

General 6lowpan tools page:

http://tools.ietf.org/wg/6lowpan/

Gruesse, Carsten

_______________________________________________
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6lowpan@ietf.org
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From: "Pascal Thubert (pthubert)" <pthubert@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] Proposed new text for the UDP checksum elide issue
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Hi Ben

>Perhaps this is a "newbee" question, answered in the history of this
>discussion thread, but how does a lower layer "know" what kind of MIC
may be
>applied by a higher layer (i.e. in the payload) unless it is explicitly
told
>by the next higher layer?  The suggested wording requires such cross
layer
>knowledge.  I see that only the source of the packet can know this, but
>likewise in that source node, how would the LoWPAN layer make such a
>determination? The obvious way is when informed by the upper layer via
the
>appropriate SAP mechanisms. Would the wording not be more 'crisp' if it
the
>only case is when the suppression of the UDP CRC is indicated by the
upper
>layer?

[Pascal] That's right. But for tunnels which are similar yet a bit
different.

>Mention is made of this being a layer violation in the thread, but what
I
>don't understand is why this is necessary in the standard?
[Pascal] 
Saving bits is critical in this space, mostly sensors->backbone because
that's most of the traffic and backbone routers have a power source
anyway. Bits translate into days and weeks of battery operation. Bits
can make the difference between a packet that can be sent on scavenged
energy and a packet that can not be. 2 bytes are wealth in LoWPANs :)

Pascal

>----- Original Message -----
>From: "Pascal Thubert (pthubert)" <pthubert@cisco.com>
>To: "6lowpan" <6lowpan@ietf.org>
>Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2008 2:46 AM
>Subject: [6lowpan] Proposed new text for the UDP checksum elide issue
>
>
>> Hi:
>>
>> Carsten asked for a crisper wording for which node can elide the UDP
>> checksum and when that happens. There seems to be a consensus that
>> we are not ready to open the door for heuristics based operations.
>>
>> So at this point, only the source of a packet MAY elide the checksum,
>> And the receiver of a packet MAY ignore the checksum if it is
present.
>> This in only allowed in the case of tunneling or stronger integrity
>> check above UDP.
>>
>> Here is a proposed text:
>>
>> "
>>   With this specification, the source of a packet MAY elide the UDP
>>   checksum in the following cases:
>>
>>   Tunneling:  The source of the packet is tunneling another packet
that
>>      possesses its own integrity mechanism.
>>   Upper Layer MIC:  The Upper Layer Protocol over UDP uses an end-to-
>>      end Message Integrity Check (MIC) that has stronger properties
>>      than what is provided by the UDP checksum.  Such an integrity
>>      check MUST be end-to-end and cover the IPv6 pseudo-header, UDP
>>      header, and UDP payload.
>>
>>   Only the source of a packet can know what Upper Layer operation
takes
>>   place.  A router on the way that is not aware of such operation
>>   SHOULD NOT elide the UDP checksum when performing 6LoWPAN
>>   compression.
>>
>>   The 6LoWPAN termination point has to recompute the elided checksum
>>   based on the received packet.  If that point is a router, then the
>>   router reforms a proper IPv6/UDP packet that can be forwarded on
any
>>   interface.  If the 6LoWPAN termination point is the destination of
>>   the packet and is aware of the presence of the Upper Layer MIC for
>>   the destination UDP port, it MAY omit the UDP checksum operation
>>   completely.
>> "
>>
>> What do you think?
>>
>> Pascal
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> 6lowpan mailing list
>> 6lowpan@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/6lowpan
>>
>
>_______________________________________________
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>
>> how does a lower layer "know" what kind of MIC may be applied by a
>> higher layer
>
>I think we have arrived at: "the higher layer has to tell the lower
>layer".
[Pascal] 
That's right. 
Not so difficult to do in the target environment though.
We do not have to specify how that happens. 
Usually a form of SAP/IOCTL in parallel with the socket. 
Or configuration etc...

>Since we can't put this information into the packet, this means the
>optimization can only be done on the source host.
[Pascal] 
That's right.

>Also, a 6lowpan-to-6lowpan forwarder (router node inside the 6lowpan)
>can use the fact that the incoming packet has the optimization as
>authorization in order to also apply it on the outgoing packet.
[Pascal] 
That's right. 
We still need to work and see if there's a way to avoid decompressing
recompressing at every hop. That's bad, in particular with fragments.

>Once the packet has gone through a non-6lowpan router, the
>authorization to elide is lost.
[Pascal] 
That's right, but that usually does not hurt so much. The optimizaiton
is mostly useful across the lowpan from a lowpan node to the outside.
That' smost of the traffic.
 
>Also, the app is only supposed to give the authorization of it knows
>the other end will check the MIC.
[Pascal] 
That's right. ISA100's MIC also provides authentication

>
>The remaining danger is that a packet with a mid-span-generated
>checksum has been corrupted inside the 6lowpan to go to a different
>node; the checksum generated at the 6lowpan egress will be based on
>that corrupted information, so cannot detect that.  So a node that
>does not know about (or expect) MICs is going to process the corrupted
>packet.  I think this is a danger we can live with, given how weak the
>UDP checksum is in the first place.
[Pascal] 
Back to above, the sender should know that the receiver checks the MIC.
In any case I agree with you.




>So I propose the following text for a new subsection in the UDP
>compression section:
>
>
>
>n.n.n UDP checksum elision guidelines
>
>A compressor MUST NOT set the C bit unless it has received
>authorization from the sending application to elide the checksum.  The
>application SHOULD only provide the authorization if there is some
>other form of integrity check in the packet that covers at least the
>same information as the UDP checksum (data, pseudo header) and has at
>least the same strength.
[Pascal] Good. There is still the tunnel case to cover.

>
>There are only two ways this authorization to elide can pass from an
>application to a compressor:
>
>1) Locally within a source node (the specific form is local matter,
>e.g., by a setsockopt() or as a parameter of the packet sending
>interface).
>
>2) Within a forwarding node: the forwarding node MAY imply
>authorization from the incoming packet being forwarded if the C bit
>was set there.
>
>Note that this makes UDP checksum elision a first-hop or first-few-
>hops optimization; once the packet has left the 6lowpan or transited a
>node that does not implement (2), the UDP checksum may not be elided
>any more.  This also means that the checksum has to actually be
>computed and inserted into the packet at a node that does not
>implement (2) or at an egress Edge Router.
>
>
>Comments?
[Pascal] This is good text. It's not a 100 percent replacemeny of my
proposal though.
What do you think?

Pascal

>
>Gruesse, Carsten
>
>_______________________________________________
>6lowpan mailing list
>6lowpan@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/6lowpan
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On Nov 20, 2008, at 11:59 , Pascal Thubert (pthubert) wrote:

>> The remaining danger is that a packet with a mid-span-generated
>> checksum has been corrupted inside the 6lowpan to go to a different
>> node; the checksum generated at the 6lowpan egress will be based on
>> that corrupted information, so cannot detect that.  So a node that
>> does not know about (or expect) MICs is going to process the  
>> corrupted
>> packet.  I think this is a danger we can live with, given how weak  
>> the
>> UDP checksum is in the first place.
> [Pascal]
> Back to above, the sender should know that the receiver checks the  
> MIC.
> In any case I agree with you.

It can't know anything about the receiver if the packet is corrupted  
and as a result misrouted to a total stranger.
But again, this is a danger we probably can live with -- receivers who  
care should probably have some app level checking anyway.

> [Pascal] This is good text. It's not a 100 percent replacemeny of my
> proposal though.

What's missing?

Gruesse, Carsten

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Thread-Topic: [6lowpan] Proposed new text for the UDP checksum elide issue
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From: "Pascal Thubert (pthubert)" <pthubert@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] Proposed new text for the UDP checksum elide issue
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Hi Carsten, 

Things that I'd wish to see in there:

1) MIC usage and recommendation

An application getting a misdirected payload can happen today and that
has nothing to do with the checksum. UDP is a dangerous tool and the
IETF does generally recommends the use of other transports such SCTP.
The risk of getting the wrong type of payload and misinterpreting the
content is increased when the ports are overloaded like our F0Bx as
opposed to reserved at IANA like say, TFTP. 

Considering that the F0Bx ports will be used by many apps, apps should
protect themselves and recognize their payload. One way of doing this is
to provide their own MIC. Apps might also provide their own internal
dispatch.

I think we need words to actually recommend the use of some integrity
check / authentication such as a Transport Layer Security above UDP to
enable both the checksum compression and protect the application against
misguided packets.

2) Tunnel

There are tons of legacy protocols in the sensor space, many of them
proprietary, more and more of then providing a bus technology base on
ethernet, IP over even UDP. The transition to wireless and the backbone
operation that aggregates such traffic can be reasonably done an opaque
tunneling over UDP - call it pseudofieldbus like we have a pseudowire.

The tunneled PDU possesses its own addressing, security and integrity
check. Then again it makes little sense to add the 2 checksum octets to
the non negligible overhead of UDP tunneling.

I think we need words to allow an UDP tunnel endpoint to elide the UDP
checksum.

3) More and more focussed on the operation in the transport endpoint and
in the intermediate router

A part of your text is informative explains the whys and the hows like
how the stack passes the information down; this is good information but
would delay us and I expect that it should appear in a different
document. 

Instead, I'd wish to concentrate on the normative part that specifies a
protocol that guarantees that we get the expected result with the SHOULD
and the MAYs: 

On the sending transport endpoint 
---------------------------------
I like the following sentence:

"A compressor MUST NOT set the C bit unless it has received
authorization from the sending application to elide the checksum.  The
application SHOULD only provide the authorization if there is some other
form of integrity check in the packet that covers at least the same
information as the UDP checksum (data, pseudo header) and has at least
the same strength."

I'd turn the MUST in a SHOULD, for as you mentioned in that thread, UDP
checksum's worth is limited anyway. This gives the behaviour of the
source transport endpoint. Also, the upper layer might not be an
application. It can also be a TLS residing above UDP. So I'd use 'Upper
Layer' to be more generic.

On the forwarding node
----------------------
Your text on the forwarding node seems perfectly reasonable to me too:

"The forwarding node MAY imply authorization from the incoming packet
being forwarded if the C bit was set there."

But I would like to add the reverse condition, that is something like:

"The forwarding node that can not derive such authorization in an
non-ambiguous fashion SHOULD NOT elide the UDP checksum when performing
6LoWPAN compression."

And I would also like to see text that expresses that the router
computes the checksum as part of the 6LoWPAN expansion and that when the
packet gets forwarded onto another interface, it is a valid IPv6/UDP
packet, like:

"The forwarding node that expands a 6LoWPAN packets with the C bit on
MUST compute the UDP checksum on behalf of the source node and place
that checksum in the restored UDP header as specified in the incumbent
standards [RFC 2460, RFC 768]."

On the receiving transport endpoint
-----------------------------------

I think we need text there too.

"If the 6LoWPAN termination is a transport endpoint, and it receives an
incoming packet has the C bit set, then it is entitled to ignore the UDP
checksum process completely."

Also but maybe more controversial:

"If the C bit not set, the packet might have been forwarded by an edge
router, so this must not be taken as an indication that the MIC is not
present. If the terminating node knows that the MIC will be checked by
the upper layer by some state associated to the service access point, it
is entitled to ignore the checksum operation as if the C bit was set." 


What do you think?

Pascal

>-----Original Message-----
>From: Carsten Bormann [mailto:cabo@tzi.org]
>Sent: jeudi 20 novembre 2008 19:20
>To: Pascal Thubert (pthubert)
>Cc: Carsten Bormann; Benjamin A. Rolfe; 6lowpan
>Subject: Re: [6lowpan] Proposed new text for the UDP checksum elide
issue
>
>On Nov 20, 2008, at 11:59 , Pascal Thubert (pthubert) wrote:
>
>>> The remaining danger is that a packet with a mid-span-generated
>>> checksum has been corrupted inside the 6lowpan to go to a different
>>> node; the checksum generated at the 6lowpan egress will be based on
>>> that corrupted information, so cannot detect that.  So a node that
>>> does not know about (or expect) MICs is going to process the
>>> corrupted
>>> packet.  I think this is a danger we can live with, given how weak
>>> the
>>> UDP checksum is in the first place.
>> [Pascal]
>> Back to above, the sender should know that the receiver checks the
>> MIC.
>> In any case I agree with you.
>
>It can't know anything about the receiver if the packet is corrupted
>and as a result misrouted to a total stranger.
>But again, this is a danger we probably can live with -- receivers who
>care should probably have some app level checking anyway.
>
>> [Pascal] This is good text. It's not a 100 percent replacemeny of my
>> proposal though.
>
>What's missing?
>
>Gruesse, Carsten

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From: "Pascal Thubert (pthubert)" <pthubert@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] Proposed new text for the UDP checksum elide issue
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Hi Carsten:

I including your input and reshuffled a bit. 

Here's the updated proposal for -04:

3.2.2.  Compressing UDP checksum

   The UDP checksum operation is mandatory with IPv6 [RFC2460] for all
   packets.  For that reason [RFC4944] disallows the compression of the
   UDP checksum.

   With this specification, a compressor in the source transport
   endpoint MAY elide the UDP checksum if it authorized by the Upper
   Layer.  The compressor SHOULD NOT set the C bit unless it has
   received such authorization.  The Upper Layer SHOULD only provide the
   authorization in the following cases:

   Tunneling:  In this case, 6LowPAN is deployed as a wireless pseudo-
      fieldbus by tunneling existing field protocols over UDP.  If the
      tunneled PDU possesses its own addressing, security and integrity
      check, the tunneling mechanism MAY authorize to elide the UDP
      checksum in order to save on the encapsulation overhead.
   Upper Layer Message Integrity Check:  In this case, there is some
      other form of integrity check in the UDP payload that covers at
      least the same information as the UDP checksum (pseudo-header,
      data) and has at least the same strength.

   A forwarding node MAY imply authorization from the incoming packet
   being forwarded if the C bit was set there.  The forwarding node that
   can not derive the authorization in an non-ambiguous fashion SHOULD
   NOT elide the UDP checksum when performing 6LoWPAN compression.  The
   forwarding node that expands a 6LoWPAN packets with the C bit on MUST
   compute the UDP checksum on behalf of the source node and place that
   checksum in the restored UDP header as specified in the incumbent
   standards [RFC0768], [RFC2460].

   If a 6LoWPAN termination is also the transport endpoint, and it
   receives a compressed packet that has the C bit set, then it is
   entitled to ignore the UDP checksum process completely.  If the C bit
   is not set, the packet might have been forwarded by an edge router,
   so this is not an indication that the MIC is not present.  If the
   terminating node knows that the message integrity will be validated
   by the upper layer by some state associated to the Service Access
   Point, it is entitled to ignore the checksum operation as if the C
   bit was set.


What do you think?

Pascal

>-----Original Message-----
>From: 6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org] On
Behalf Of Pascal Thubert
>(pthubert)
>Sent: jeudi 20 novembre 2008 11:46
>To: 6lowpan
>Subject: [6lowpan] Proposed new text for the UDP checksum elide issue
>
>Hi:
>
>Carsten asked for a crisper wording for which node can elide the UDP
>checksum and when that happens. There seems to be a consensus that
>we are not ready to open the door for heuristics based operations.
>
>So at this point, only the source of a packet MAY elide the checksum,
>And the receiver of a packet MAY ignore the checksum if it is present.
>This in only allowed in the case of tunneling or stronger integrity
>check above UDP.
>
>Here is a proposed text:
>
>"
>   With this specification, the source of a packet MAY elide the UDP
>   checksum in the following cases:
>
>   Tunneling:  The source of the packet is tunneling another packet
that
>      possesses its own integrity mechanism.
>   Upper Layer MIC:  The Upper Layer Protocol over UDP uses an end-to-
>      end Message Integrity Check (MIC) that has stronger properties
>      than what is provided by the UDP checksum.  Such an integrity
>      check MUST be end-to-end and cover the IPv6 pseudo-header, UDP
>      header, and UDP payload.
>
>   Only the source of a packet can know what Upper Layer operation
takes
>   place.  A router on the way that is not aware of such operation
>   SHOULD NOT elide the UDP checksum when performing 6LoWPAN
>   compression.
>
>   The 6LoWPAN termination point has to recompute the elided checksum
>   based on the received packet.  If that point is a router, then the
>   router reforms a proper IPv6/UDP packet that can be forwarded on any
>   interface.  If the 6LoWPAN termination point is the destination of
>   the packet and is aware of the presence of the Upper Layer MIC for
>   the destination UDP port, it MAY omit the UDP checksum operation
>   completely.
>"
>
>What do you think?
>
>Pascal
>
>
>_______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] Proposed new text for the UDP checksum elide issue
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Conceptually, decompression with the C bit set means that the elided  
field is reconstituted, i.e. a UDP checksum is computed.
No difference between node and router.
*As an optimization*, a node that is going to discard it right away  
(a) when re-compressing on the other side of the forwarder or (b) when  
checking the checksum, might not do the computation (I would expect  
that optimization to be implemented everywhere, but it is not a  
feature of the protocol).

I believe the places where I used MUST should be MUST.  They are  
essential features to make the compression mechanism work.
When you say SHOULD, what special conditions are you envisioning here  
where that would not be heeded but the protocol still works?

Field bus protocols don't encompass the pseudo-header in their  
checksum, so technically they are outside the condition that allows  
the application (yes, I should have said upper layer) to indicate  
authorization to elide.  If they have their own addressing, that is  
rarely out of a global address space like the IPv6 address protected  
by the pseudoheader.

If we turn some of the MUSTs into SHOULDs, we need to add text that  
explains the purpose of the UDP checksum and the pseudoheader so  
readers not as familiar with IPv6 get enough information to make an  
informed decision whether they really should be violating the SHOULD.

Gruesse, Carsten

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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] Proposed new text for the UDP checksum elide issue
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Hi Carsten:

>
>Conceptually, decompression with the C bit set means that the elided
>field is reconstituted, i.e. a UDP checksum is computed.
>No difference between node and router.

[Pascal] Agreed

>*As an optimization*, a node that is going to discard it right away
>(a) when re-compressing on the other side of the forwarder or (b) when
>checking the checksum, might not do the computation (I would expect
>that optimization to be implemented everywhere, but it is not a
>feature of the protocol).
>
[Pascal] 
Agreed. Also when passing the packet to ULP in clear 
understanding that a MIC takes place.

>I believe the places where I used MUST should be MUST.  They are
>essential features to make the compression mechanism work.
>When you say SHOULD, what special conditions are you envisioning here
>where that would not be heeded but the protocol still works?

[Pascal] Makes sense.

Can you please copy/paste/update the proposal to restores 
MUST where you reckon it's mandatory?

>Field bus protocols don't encompass the pseudo-header in their
>checksum, so technically they are outside the condition that allows
>the application (yes, I should have said upper layer) to indicate
>authorization to elide.  If they have their own addressing, that is
>rarely out of a global address space like the IPv6 address protected
>by the pseudoheader.

[Pascal] A protocol should protect itself. If the field protocol is 
already IP/UDP then it does. For the tons of protocols in place in 
buildings and industrial spaces, I guess that the gateway that 
performs the tunneling will have to be configured to tell whether
the tunneled protocol is intrinsically safe. Since we will not provide
that list, the goal is to have a text that's just open enough to allow
it.

>If we turn some of the MUSTs into SHOULDs, we need to add text that
>explains the purpose of the UDP checksum and the pseudoheader so
>readers not as familiar with IPv6 get enough information to make an
>informed decision whether they really should be violating the SHOULD.

[Pascal] The ball is in your camp :) please propose a revision with
MUSTs.

Pascal
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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
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On Nov 21, 2008, at 14:26 , Geoff Mulligan wrote:

> Does the MIC cover the UDP Pseudoheader checksum?

A little bird tells me that is replaced by zero in the MIC calculation.

Gruesse, Carsten

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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
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>> A 6lowpan node that sends out an IP/UDP/ULTP packet compresses away
>> the UDP checksum and leaves only the ULTP MIC.  The decompressor at
>> the 6lowpan boundary builds a UDP header that includes computed  
>> length
>> and a newly generated checksum *after it has checked the ULTP MIC*.
>> The correspondent node runs a legacy OS that does not know anything
>> about ULTP, so the app writer is quite happy that the app can simply
>> set up a UDP socket and do the ULTP processing (which may or may not
>> include checking the MIC -- irrelevant here) in the app; the OS does
>> the UDP checksum checking.
>
> Are you saying that the 6lowpan edge router strips off the ULTP
> (whatever that is) before sending the packet on?  If it doesn't strip
> the ULTP then the legacy OS at the other end needs to know/understand
> this ULTP, right?

No, the legacy OS hands the UDP payload to the app, which parses out  
the ULTP header from that and handles the data.

> I'm not convinced that all of this complexity is worth the minor
> optimization for this edge case.

I think the solution we have now arrived at is quite clean and not  
very complex; the danger of sending data to the wrong recipient is  
present but limited (and that danger is present but only somewhat more  
limited with a UDP checksum in place).

The cost of the solution is that the decompressors will have to  
compute checksums; this is not a problem for an end system  
decompressor (which in most cases will not compute it, but rather know  
the checksum it would compute is correct) or for a intra-lowpan  
forwarder (that can simply leave things compressed), so the cost only  
occurs at an edge router, where it is quite bearable.

The win is saving two bytes per packet from a sensor that applies  
application-level^W upper-transport-layer-level security.  Limited,  
but depending on the size of this packet we are talking about maybe 5  
% of the total bytes, which may be worth some code.  Less data will  
also relieve interference just a bit, which may be of interest in  
particular for 868 MHz (packets get almost a millisecond shorter  
there).  The biggest win is in the heads of design engineers who can't  
stand sending two redundant bytes, though :-)

Gruesse, Carsten

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From: Carsten Bormann <cabo@tzi.org>
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Cc: Carsten Bormann <cabo@tzi.org>, 6lowpan <6lowpan@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
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On Nov 21, 2008, at 17:56 , Geoff Mulligan wrote:

> Just so we are clear:
> - the only place that this compression will now happen is at the
>   source of the packet on a 6lowpan node

Correct.

> - this does not work for inbound packets

Correct.
The argument was made that the nodes that would benefit most are  
sensors with mostly outbound packets.

> - it doesn't have applicability to legacy tunneled protocols

Not sure we have consensus on this issue yet.
We need to develop some useful criteria for when a ULTP/app checksum  
is good enough so we can write these into the document.

> - for the source to compress the udp checksum the application must  
> have
>   a layer 7 MIC that calculates the MIC over the application payload
>   AND the pseudo header and signal to the 6lowpan layer that UDP
>   checksum compression is ok

that is a sufficient condition.
is it exactly the necessary one?

> - the edge router, when it gets a packet with the c bit set it will
>   compute the udp checksum and insert it in the full ipv6/udp header
>   and send the packet on it's way.

As I said, conceptually, this happens at every decompressor.
The edge router cannot optimize it away, as opposed to intra-lowpan  
hosts and forwarders.

> - the edge router has no way to verify the ip addresses since there is
>   no checksum and there is no validity check on the packet header or
>   the new checksum

Correct.
But it has the indication that the peer (if its address wasn't  
corrupted in transit) is going to check the MIC in the form of the C  
bit.

> - when the MIC is calculated over the IP and udp headers the udp
>   checksum value should be zero

(or excluded from the computation, whatever.)

> - in the end we save 2 bytes on some packets

Yes, and we spend 0.125 (but in a byte that is mostly unused right now).
<broken-record>We don't have a benchmark that we could use to judge  
that gain.</broken-record>

Good summary, except that I'm not fully sure about the criteria yet.

Gruesse, Carsten

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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
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A little bird and the text that says that the MIC covers what the UDP
checksum covers... 
Which does not include itself. The MIC happens before the UDP checksum
because it is above in the stack.

Pascal

>-----Original Message-----
>From: Carsten Bormann [mailto:cabo@tzi.org]
>Sent: vendredi 21 novembre 2008 21:32
>To: Geoff Mulligan
>Cc: Carsten Bormann; Pascal Thubert (pthubert); 6lowpan
>Subject: Re: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
>
>On Nov 21, 2008, at 14:26 , Geoff Mulligan wrote:
>
>> Does the MIC cover the UDP Pseudoheader checksum?
>
>A little bird tells me that is replaced by zero in the MIC calculation.
>
>Gruesse, Carsten

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From 6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Nov 22 06:56:40 2008
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From: Geoff Mulligan <geoff@mulligan.com>
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Just so we are clear:
 - the only place that this compression will now happen is at the 
   source of the packet on a 6lowpan node
 - this does not work for inbound packets
 - it doesn't have applicability to legacy tunneled protocols
 - for the source to compress the udp checksum the application must have
   a layer 7 MIC that calculates the MIC over the application payload
   AND the pseudo header and signal to the 6lowpan layer that UDP
   checksum compression is ok
 - the edge router, when it gets a packet with the c bit set it will
   compute the udp checksum and insert it in the full ipv6/udp header
   and send the packet on it's way.
 - the edge router has no way to verify the ip addresses since there is
   no checksum and there is no validity check on the packet header or
   the new checksum
 - when the MIC is calculated over the IP and udp headers the udp
   checksum value should be zero
 - in the end we save 2 bytes on some packets

	geoff


On Fri, 2008-11-21 at 15:28 -0600, Carsten Bormann wrote:
> >> A 6lowpan node that sends out an IP/UDP/ULTP packet compresses away
> >> the UDP checksum and leaves only the ULTP MIC.  The decompressor at
> >> the 6lowpan boundary builds a UDP header that includes computed  
> >> length
> >> and a newly generated checksum *after it has checked the ULTP MIC*.
> >> The correspondent node runs a legacy OS that does not know anything
> >> about ULTP, so the app writer is quite happy that the app can simply
> >> set up a UDP socket and do the ULTP processing (which may or may not
> >> include checking the MIC -- irrelevant here) in the app; the OS does
> >> the UDP checksum checking.
> >
> > Are you saying that the 6lowpan edge router strips off the ULTP
> > (whatever that is) before sending the packet on?  If it doesn't strip
> > the ULTP then the legacy OS at the other end needs to know/understand
> > this ULTP, right?
> 
> No, the legacy OS hands the UDP payload to the app, which parses out  
> the ULTP header from that and handles the data.
> 
> > I'm not convinced that all of this complexity is worth the minor
> > optimization for this edge case.
> 
> I think the solution we have now arrived at is quite clean and not  
> very complex; the danger of sending data to the wrong recipient is  
> present but limited (and that danger is present but only somewhat more  
> limited with a UDP checksum in place).
> 
> The cost of the solution is that the decompressors will have to  
> compute checksums; this is not a problem for an end system  
> decompressor (which in most cases will not compute it, but rather know  
> the checksum it would compute is correct) or for a intra-lowpan  
> forwarder (that can simply leave things compressed), so the cost only  
> occurs at an edge router, where it is quite bearable.
> 
> The win is saving two bytes per packet from a sensor that applies  
> application-level^W upper-transport-layer-level security.  Limited,  
> but depending on the size of this packet we are talking about maybe 5  
> % of the total bytes, which may be worth some code.  Less data will  
> also relieve interference just a bit, which may be of interest in  
> particular for 868 MHz (packets get almost a millisecond shorter  
> there).  The biggest win is in the heads of design engineers who can't  
> stand sending two redundant bytes, though :-)
> 
> Gruesse, Carsten

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From: Geoff Mulligan <geoff@mulligan.com>
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On Wed, 2008-11-19 at 12:28 -0600, Carsten Bormann wrote:
> On Nov 19, 2008, at 11:23 , Erik Nordmark wrote:

> > IMHO it would be a lot more robust to define a new IP protocol  
> > number for the "UDP with a MIC" protocol.
> 
> Yes, in a greenfield world.
> The problem is that the correspondent nodes are random legacy PCs and  
> such stuff.
> How do you handle "UDP with a MIC" in Windows 3.1?
> (Yes, that is a rhetorical question, since 3.1 did not have IPv6.)
> 
But in-order to have end to end reliability, the random legacy PC and
stuff will have to have new code and application that understands this
new MIC so there must be changes to the legacy PC or this doesn't seem
to work.
 
> Gruesse, Carsten
> 
> PS.: I'm not saying the whole ordeal is worth it.  I'm just saying it  
> can be made to work.
> Sometimes complexity like this is needed for political reasons.   
> Convince me that it is.
> It will be much harder to convince me that there is a technical reason.

I'm not convinced that all of this complexity is worth the minor
optimization for this edge case.

	geoff


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On Wed, 2008-11-19 at 07:00 -0600, Carsten Bormann wrote:
> The important thing here: we have to consider both the 6lowpan nodes  
> (which may want to save two bytes and some unneeded UDP checksum  
> computation) and the correspondent nodes (which have to work with  
> legacy OSes and firewalls, but now can't accommodate non-ULTP-friendly  
> NATs).

Does the MIC cover the UDP Pseudoheader checksum?  If so there is no
savings of computation since the checksum needs to be calculated anyway
or is the checksum not covered by the MIC?

> A 6lowpan node that sends out an IP/UDP/ULTP packet compresses away  
> the UDP checksum and leaves only the ULTP MIC.  The decompressor at  
> the 6lowpan boundary builds a UDP header that includes computed length  
> and a newly generated checksum *after it has checked the ULTP MIC*.   
> The correspondent node runs a legacy OS that does not know anything  
> about ULTP, so the app writer is quite happy that the app can simply  
> set up a UDP socket and do the ULTP processing (which may or may not  
> include checking the MIC -- irrelevant here) in the app; the OS does  
> the UDP checksum checking.

Are you saying that the 6lowpan edge router strips off the ULTP
(whatever that is) before sending the packet on?  If it doesn't strip
the ULTP then the legacy OS at the other end needs to know/understand
this ULTP, right?
 
> 
> One the way from the correspondent node to the 6lowpan node, an app  
> that implements the ULTP computes the MIC to allow the compressor at  
> the 6lowpan boundary to check it and, if that *and* the UDP checksum  
> were correct, to compress away the UDP checksum.  

So is the checksum calculated and included in the bytes that are covered
by the MIC?

	geoff


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On Wed, 2008-11-19 at 17:51 +0100, Pascal Thubert (pthubert) wrote:
> Most times there will be no NAT because we are using IPv6 within a
> domain 
> - say a factory plant, an enterprise, a building, a home. 
> I do not expect IPv6 to IPv6 NATs there, would you?

Agreed, there is not likely to be IPv6 NAT - good point.

> An application listening to these ports should protect itself against 
> unwanted traffic, either sent there by mistake or as the result of an
> attack. 
> So end-to-end authentication AND integrity are required.  This is why 
> more often than not you'll get the MIC we are talking about. 

Possibly in industrial applications, but I'm not sure that such a
general statement is true for all the apps that will be built.


> [Pascal] A 6LoWPAN router would NOT check the ULTP MIC - an ALG would.
> 6LoWPAN defines IP and UDP compression but ULTP MIC is beyond the spec.
> That's why the correspondent end point HAS TO check the MIC. 
> 
This is confusing.  If you are doing route over, do the routers need to
confirm that the the IP addresses in the packet header have not
inadvertently been changed?  Isn't that part of the purpose of the
pseudo header chacksum?  Do intermediate routers today check the UDP
checksum?  Possibly not, in which case 6lowpan routers might not.

	geoff


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On Wed, 2008-11-19 at 16:46 +0100, Pascal Thubert (pthubert) wrote:
> Also, there are tons of legacy field buses protocols in that space that
> we will be tunneling over UDP/6LoWPAN. In that case also, the checksum
> will be elided.

How can this happen with legacy protocols.  They do not know about IP
and IPv6 and the pseudo header so they will not calculate a MIC over
anything but their own data, unless you are saying that the code that
tunnels the protocol calculates yet another mic over the tunneled
protocol and the IP header.  Is the udp checksum calculated and covered
by the MIC?

	geoff

> 
> Pascal
> 
> >-----Original Message-----
> >From: Erik Nordmark [mailto:erik.nordmark@sun.com]
> >Sent: mercredi 19 novembre 2008 15:42
> >To: Carsten Bormann
> >Cc: Pascal Thubert (pthubert); Shoichi Sakane; 6lowpan; Geoff Mulligan
> >Subject: Re: [6lowpan] UDP checksum elide
> >
> >Carsten Bormann wrote:
> >
> >> One the way from the correspondent node to the 6lowpan node, an app
> that
> >> implements the ULTP computes the MIC to allow the compressor at the
> >> 6lowpan boundary to check it and, if that *and* the UDP checksum were
> >> correct, to compress away the UDP checksum.
> >
> >What happens if I have an application on a correspondent node which
> >sends a regular UDP packet? (i.e., without the ULTP MIC) How can the
> >compressor tell the difference between such a UDP packet and a UDP
> >packet which includes the ULTP MIC?
> >
> >    Erik

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#1: Make sure interface to 15.4 is clearly defined
----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
 Reporter:  cabo@tzi.org          |       Owner:     
     Type:  defect                |      Status:  new
 Priority:  major                 |   Milestone:     
Component:  routing-requirements  |     Version:     
 Severity:  Active WG Document    |    Keywords:     
----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
 Remove any remaining references to PAN coordinators, where inappropriate

-- 
Ticket URL: <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/6lowpan/trac/ticket/1>
6lowpan <http://tools.ietf.org/6lowpan/>

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#1: Make sure interface to 15.4 is clearly defined
----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
 Reporter:  cabo@tzi.org          |        Owner:  cabo@tzi.org
     Type:  defect                |       Status:  assigned    
 Priority:  major                 |    Milestone:              
Component:  routing-requirements  |      Version:              
 Severity:  Active WG Document    |   Resolution:              
 Keywords:                        |  
----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
Changes (by cabo@tzi.org):

  * owner:  => cabo@tzi.org
  * status:  new => assigned


-- 
Ticket URL: <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/6lowpan/trac/ticket/1#comment:1>
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#1: Make sure interface to 15.4 is clearly defined
----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
 Reporter:  cabo@tzi.org          |        Owner:  cabo@tzi.org
     Type:  defect                |       Status:  assigned    
 Priority:  major                 |    Milestone:              
Component:  routing-requirements  |      Version:              
 Severity:  Active WG Document    |   Resolution:              
 Keywords:                        |  
----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------

Comment(by cabo@tzi.org):

 - We should pay attention to whether we are assuming just 802.15.4 frame
 format or the whole 802.15.4 protocol (including MAC features).

-- 
Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/6lowpan/trac/ticket/1#comment:2>
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#2: Improve discussion of mutual requirements of routing and header compression
----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
 Reporter:  cabo@tzi.org          |       Owner:     
     Type:  enhancement           |      Status:  new
 Priority:  minor                 |   Milestone:     
Component:  routing-requirements  |     Version:     
 Severity:  Active WG Document    |    Keywords:     
----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
 - We should think about the relation between routing and header
 compression, contexts, etc.

-- 
Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/6lowpan/trac/ticket/2>
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#3: Discuss hibernation-induced latency with the latency requirements
----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
 Reporter:  cabo@tzi.org          |       Owner:     
     Type:  enhancement           |      Status:  new
 Priority:  major                 |   Milestone:     
Component:  routing-requirements  |     Version:     
 Severity:  Active WG Document    |    Keywords:     
----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
 - Latency may be affected by nodes hibernation, depending on the MAC used.
 Other MAC approaches than the legacy 802.15.4 may be used (e.g. TDMA) and
 duty cycling may also affect latency (and many other things).

-- 
Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/6lowpan/trac/ticket/3>
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#4: refine discussion of how MAC-layer ACKs can go into routing
----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
 Reporter:  cabo@tzi.org          |       Owner:     
     Type:  defect                |      Status:  new
 Priority:  minor                 |   Milestone:     
Component:  routing-requirements  |     Version:     
 Severity:  Active WG Document    |    Keywords:     
----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
 - 802.15.4 does not protect layer two acknowledgments.
 So many systems use data frames for acknowledgements.

-- 
Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/6lowpan/trac/ticket/4>
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#5: Removal of E flag in RA message
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 Reporter:  zach@sensinode.com  |       Owner:  zach@sensinode.com
     Type:  enhancement         |      Status:  new               
 Priority:  minor               |   Milestone:                    
Component:  nd                  |     Version:  00                
 Severity:  -                   |    Keywords:                    
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 Suggested change to the RA message, which allows for the E flag to be
 removed. Instead of the E flag, instead use the Pref bits defined in
 RFC4191. The assignment would be:

 High = Edge Router
 Normal = Router
 Low = Router (battery powered e.g.)

 Change suggested by Carsten and Zach, discussed in IETF-73 WG meeting and
 on the list.

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#6: Rename of Host Interface Identifier
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 Reporter:  zach@sensinode.com  |       Owner:  zach@sensinode.com
     Type:  enhancement         |      Status:  new               
 Priority:  minor               |   Milestone:                    
Component:  nd                  |     Version:  00                
 Severity:  -                   |    Keywords:                    
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 Suggestion to rename Host Interface Identifier to Owner Interface
 Identifier.

 Suggested by Carsten, and discussed in IETF-73 WG meeting.

-- 
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#7: Fault tolerance for duplicate host interface identifiers
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 Reporter:  zach@sensinode.com  |       Owner:  zach@sensinode.com
     Type:  defect              |      Status:  new               
 Priority:  major               |   Milestone:                    
Component:  nd                  |     Version:  00                
 Severity:  -                   |    Keywords:                    
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 Problem was identified regarding duplicate EUI-64s used for the Host
 Interface Identifier, which is currently assumed to be unique.

 How does the system detect and recover if a duplicate EUI-64, and thus MAC
 address, is detected? Some mechanism is needed first to detect it, e.g. a
 nonce on boot, be included with the HII. The system should recover
 gracefully, how to get a correct MAC address?

 Identified by Casten, and discussed in the IETF-73 WG meeting.

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#8: How to know if whiteboard is not supported?
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 Reporter:  zach@sensinode.com  |       Owner:  zach@sensinode.com
     Type:  defect              |      Status:  new               
 Priority:  minor               |   Milestone:                    
Component:  nd                  |     Version:  00                
 Severity:  -                   |    Keywords:                    
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 A defect was pointed out at the IETF-73 WG meeting (who?) regarding
 optional support of the whiteboard in routers. What if a router does not
 support the whiteboard model (thus RR/RC messages) described in this
 document?

 First, it would need to be clarified in the document, that the whiteboard
 is not a required feature. The network can operate without it, although
 only on optimistic addresses.

 The E flag (ticket to have that removed) would not have solved the
 problem. Possible suggestions include the definition of an ICMPv6 error
 message which should be sent in response to an RR if the whiteboard is not
 supported or not available.

-- 
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#9: Removal of X flag from RR/RC message
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 Reporter:  zach@sensinode.com  |       Owner:     
     Type:  defect              |      Status:  new
 Priority:  minor               |   Milestone:     
Component:  nd                  |     Version:  00 
 Severity:  -                   |    Keywords:     
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 Ws suggested by Erik Nordmark, that the X flag could be removed from the
 RR/RC message. Currently it is not useful information for a host to know.

-- 
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#10: Proxying incorrectly referenced RFC4389
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 Reporter:  zach@sensinode.com  |       Owner:     
     Type:  defect              |      Status:  new
 Priority:  minor               |   Milestone:     
Component:  nd                  |     Version:  00 
 Severity:  -                   |    Keywords:     
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 In the -00 document it is currently stated that

 "ND Proxy is specified in [RFC4389], and allows for two segments to be
 merged into a single IPv6 link.  This documents explains the application
 of ND Proxy for use with Extended LoWPAN networks with multiple ERs on a
 backbone link."

 It was pointed out by Erik Nordmark, that although this document uses a
 couple small features/concepts from RFC4389, in fact it is not really
 using RFC4389 for the basic DAD and NS/NA operations on the backbone.
 Instead they could simply be called whiteboard proxy operations on the
 backbone. The application of RFC4389 involves proxying all ND messages
 from one segment to the other, which we don't want to do in this document
 among other things.

 The recommendation is that RFC4389 should only be referenced as having
 done similar things with ND proxying. Instead the proxy features described
 (DAD on the backbone, defending addresses, answering NS on behalf) should
 be defined as being specific to this document and not being RFC4389.

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#9: Removal of X flag from RR/RC message
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 Reporter:  zach@sensinode.com  |        Owner:  zach@sensinode.com
     Type:  defect              |       Status:  assigned          
 Priority:  minor               |    Milestone:                    
Component:  nd                  |      Version:  00                
 Severity:  -                   |   Resolution:                    
 Keywords:                      |  
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
Changes (by zach@sensinode.com):

  * owner:  => zach@sensinode.com
  * status:  new => assigned


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#10: Proxying incorrectly referenced RFC4389
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 Reporter:  zach@sensinode.com  |        Owner:  pthubert@cisco.com
     Type:  defect              |       Status:  new               
 Priority:  minor               |    Milestone:                    
Component:  nd                  |      Version:  00                
 Severity:  -                   |   Resolution:                    
 Keywords:                      |  
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
Changes (by zach@sensinode.com):

  * owner:  => pthubert@cisco.com


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Subject: [6lowpan] context information
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Dear lowpanners

Draft -03 says:

    How the shared context is assigned and managed is beyond
    the scope of this document.

In fact, all HC needs is that the information necessary to expand the
addresses is present in the context table and indexed by information in
the packet (interface ID, source/dest short addresses, context ID or
default).

So HC would work in different environments, for instance:
- only a default context and but a table indexed by short addresses
- multiple contexts but just one prefix per context
- multiple interfaces, one prefix per interface

There's no point in enforcing any of these case in the spec. I wish to
add this text:

    The information that is maintained in that shared context is out of
scope.

Resulting in:

2.1.2.  Context Identifier Extension

   This specification expects that a concept of context is shared
   between the node that compresses a packet and the node(s) that need
   to expand it.  The specification enables a node to use of up to 16
   contexts.  How the contexts are shared and maintained is out of
   scope.  What the context information is is out of scope.  Actions in
   response to unknown and/or invalid contexts are out of scope.


What do you think?

Pascal 
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Pascal,

I support this approach, the added text is enough to clarify this.

- Zach

Pascal Thubert (pthubert) wrote:
> Dear lowpanners
> 
> Draft -03 says:
> 
>     How the shared context is assigned and managed is beyond
>     the scope of this document.
> 
> In fact, all HC needs is that the information necessary to expand the
> addresses is present in the context table and indexed by information in
> the packet (interface ID, source/dest short addresses, context ID or
> default).
> 
> So HC would work in different environments, for instance:
> - only a default context and but a table indexed by short addresses
> - multiple contexts but just one prefix per context
> - multiple interfaces, one prefix per interface
> 
> There's no point in enforcing any of these case in the spec. I wish to
> add this text:
> 
>     The information that is maintained in that shared context is out of
> scope.
> 
> Resulting in:
> 
> 2.1.2.  Context Identifier Extension
> 
>    This specification expects that a concept of context is shared
>    between the node that compresses a packet and the node(s) that need
>    to expand it.  The specification enables a node to use of up to 16
>    contexts.  How the contexts are shared and maintained is out of
>    scope.  What the context information is is out of scope.  Actions in
>    response to unknown and/or invalid contexts are out of scope.
> 
> 
> What do you think?
> 
> Pascal 
> _______________________________________________
> 6lowpan mailing list
> 6lowpan@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/6lowpan

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On Nov 26, 2008, at 09:26 , Pascal Thubert (pthubert) wrote:

> What the context information is is out of scope.  Actions in
>   response to unknown and/or invalid contexts are out of scope.

A couple of things:

We need to decide whether "the context" is singular or plural.
I.e., is the context the information shared in the lowpan or is the  
information shared in the lowpan structured into multiple contexts.

Second, "What the context information is is out of scope" will only  
work insofar as HC is not concerned.
HC needs 16 byte strings, indexed by a number from 0 to 15.  This  
clearly defines "What the context information is" to a certain extent.

I would prefer to state this as an interface to the context, as in:

   This specification can make use of some form of context that is
   shared between the node that compresses a packet and the node(s)
   that need to decompress it.  The specification enables a node to
   obtain up to 16 values from this context, indexed by a number from 0
   to 15, each containing a byte string of 0 to 16 bytes.  How the
   context is shared and maintained, including its representation, is
   out of scope.

I don't know what the following is supposed to mean:

   Actions in response to unknown and/or invalid contexts are out of
   scope.

Gruesse, Carsten

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Hi Carsten:

I agree that we only need define the interface to the context db.
That's what I'm trying to do as well.

>Second, "What the context information is is out of scope" will only
>work insofar as HC is not concerned.
>HC needs 16 byte strings, indexed by a number from 0 to 15.  This
>clearly defines "What the context information is" to a certain extent.

I disagree that the specification can only extract 16 values. The
specification can only pass 16 context IDs but the parameters in
interface do not have to be limited to the context ID.
We have short addresses, long addresses, network interface ID, etc...

That's why I say it's out of scope. 


>I don't know what the following is supposed to mean:
>
>   Actions in response to unknown and/or invalid contexts are out of
>   scope.
>
This is a spec about a compression mechanism. The ICMP error and such
stuff when the context is invalid should be defined in the context spec.


Pascal

>-----Original Message-----
>From: Carsten Bormann [mailto:cabo@tzi.org]
>Sent: mercredi 26 novembre 2008 09:44
>To: Pascal Thubert (pthubert)
>Cc: Carsten Bormann; 6lowpan
>Subject: Re: [6lowpan] context information
>
>On Nov 26, 2008, at 09:26 , Pascal Thubert (pthubert) wrote:
>
>> What the context information is is out of scope.  Actions in
>>   response to unknown and/or invalid contexts are out of scope.
>
>A couple of things:
>
>We need to decide whether "the context" is singular or plural.
>I.e., is the context the information shared in the lowpan or is the
>information shared in the lowpan structured into multiple contexts.
>
>Second, "What the context information is is out of scope" will only
>work insofar as HC is not concerned.
>HC needs 16 byte strings, indexed by a number from 0 to 15.  This
>clearly defines "What the context information is" to a certain extent.
>
>I would prefer to state this as an interface to the context, as in:
>
>   This specification can make use of some form of context that is
>   shared between the node that compresses a packet and the node(s)
>   that need to decompress it.  The specification enables a node to
>   obtain up to 16 values from this context, indexed by a number from 0
>   to 15, each containing a byte string of 0 to 16 bytes.  How the
>   context is shared and maintained, including its representation, is
>   out of scope.
>
>I don't know what the following is supposed to mean:
>
>   Actions in response to unknown and/or invalid contexts are out of
>   scope.
>
>Gruesse, Carsten

_______________________________________________
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#11: Section 10 - Message Examples
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 Reporter:  zach@sensinode.com  |       Owner:  zach@sensinode.com
     Type:  enhancement         |      Status:  new               
 Priority:  minor               |   Milestone:                    
Component:  nd                  |     Version:  00                
 Severity:  -                   |    Keywords:                    
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 This section needs to be completed with comprehensive message examples
 along with processing of the messages.

-- 
Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/6lowpan/trac/ticket/11>
6lowpan <http://tools.ietf.org/6lowpan/>

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#12: Section 8.4 - Fault Tolerance
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 Reporter:  zach@sensinode.com  |       Owner:  pthubert@cisco.com
     Type:  task                |      Status:  new               
 Priority:  major               |   Milestone:                    
Component:  nd                  |     Version:  00                
 Severity:  -                   |    Keywords:                    
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 This section needs to completed with a discussion of fault tolerance in
 ND. There are 2 subjects to be addressed here:

 1. Fault tolerance by using secondary registrations with ERs. How is this
 achieved (not setting the P flag in the RR), and how does it help fault
 tolerance in case of failure.

 2. Fault tolerance against duplicate EUI-64s, e.g., duplicate Owner
 Interface Identifiers. How is this detected, and how do the hosts involved
 and the ERs involved recover gracefully from this situation.

-- 
Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/6lowpan/trac/ticket/12>
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Subject: [6lowpan]  #13: Section 9 - Ad-hoc operation
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#13: Section 9 - Ad-hoc operation
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 Reporter:  zach@sensinode.com  |       Owner:  samitac@ipinfusion.com
     Type:  task                |      Status:  new                   
 Priority:  major               |   Milestone:                        
Component:  nd                  |     Version:  00                    
 Severity:  -                   |    Keywords:                        
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 This new section needs to address how ND for 6lowpan can be applied in ad-
 hoc lowpans, e.g., a lowpan without any connection to another IP network
 and without necessarily having a designated ER. Questions to be answered
 here include:

 1. How does ND work if a node or nodes can be assigned to act as ERs
 (perform the whiteboard task).

 2. How does ND work if there is no whiteboard.

 3. What default prefix should be advertised across the lowpan by routers,
 in case no information is available. Should a new ad-hoc network prefix be
 defined for this purpose?

-- 
Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/6lowpan/trac/ticket/13>
6lowpan <http://tools.ietf.org/6lowpan/>

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From: Carsten Bormann <cabo@tzi.org>
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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] context information
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>> Second, "What the context information is is out of scope" will only
>> work insofar as HC is not concerned.
>> HC needs 16 byte strings, indexed by a number from 0 to 15.  This
>> clearly defines "What the context information is" to a certain  
>> extent.
>
> I disagree that the specification can only extract 16 values. The
> specification can only pass 16 context IDs but the parameters in
> interface do not have to be limited to the context ID.
> We have short addresses, long addresses, network interface ID, etc...

OK, let's try to put this slightly more precisely:

My view:

The context provides a function

     f(CID: 0..15) -> byte-string(0..16)

Your view:

The context provides a function

     f(CID: 0..15, unspecified stuff) -> byte-string(0..16)

While this sure can be made to work, my "interoperability nightmare"  
bell just went on.

But in any case, there *is* a defined interface, except that your  
version has this additional set of unspecified parameters.
Can you explain what you would use it for?
How do you make sure "unspecified stuff" is the same at compressor and  
decompressor?

Gruesse, Carsten

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#14: SeND paragraph in security considerations
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 Reporter:  zach@sensinode.com  |       Owner:  zach@sensinode.com
     Type:  enhancement         |      Status:  new               
 Priority:  trivial             |   Milestone:                    
Component:  nd                  |     Version:  00                
 Severity:  -                   |    Keywords:                    
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 Add a paragraph about SeND (cannot perform SeND as it is) in the Security
 Considerations section. May use the paragraph from the BbR draft, which
 was already good. Could be considered if the use of SeND would be possible
 if the MAC address of the device can be changed?

-- 
Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/6lowpan/trac/ticket/14>
6lowpan <http://tools.ietf.org/6lowpan/>

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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] context information
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Hi Carsten:

The way I see it, the  f(CID: 0..15, unspecified stuff) ->
byte-string(0..16) must be specified somewhere and used homogeneously
within an environment. 

But HC does not have to imply what f is. There can be RFC f1, RFC f2
etc... and HC will work for them all. A given deployment will have to
select which fx is used.


Pascal

>-----Original Message-----
>From: Carsten Bormann [mailto:cabo@tzi.org]
>Sent: mercredi 26 novembre 2008 10:37
>To: Pascal Thubert (pthubert)
>Cc: Carsten Bormann; 6lowpan
>Subject: Re: [6lowpan] context information
>
>>> Second, "What the context information is is out of scope" will only
>>> work insofar as HC is not concerned.
>>> HC needs 16 byte strings, indexed by a number from 0 to 15.  This
>>> clearly defines "What the context information is" to a certain
>>> extent.
>>
>> I disagree that the specification can only extract 16 values. The
>> specification can only pass 16 context IDs but the parameters in
>> interface do not have to be limited to the context ID.
>> We have short addresses, long addresses, network interface ID, etc...
>
>OK, let's try to put this slightly more precisely:
>
>My view:
>
>The context provides a function
>
>     f(CID: 0..15) -> byte-string(0..16)
>
>Your view:
>
>The context provides a function
>
>     f(CID: 0..15, unspecified stuff) -> byte-string(0..16)
>
>While this sure can be made to work, my "interoperability nightmare"
>bell just went on.
>
>But in any case, there *is* a defined interface, except that your
>version has this additional set of unspecified parameters.
>Can you explain what you would use it for?
>How do you make sure "unspecified stuff" is the same at compressor and
>decompressor?
>
>Gruesse, Carsten

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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] #7: Fault tolerance for duplicate host interface
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#7: Fault tolerance for duplicate host interface identifiers
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
 Reporter:  zach@sensinode.com  |        Owner:  pthubert@cisco.com
     Type:  defect              |       Status:  new               
 Priority:  major               |    Milestone:                    
Component:  nd                  |      Version:  00                
 Severity:  -                   |   Resolution:                    
 Keywords:                      |  
--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
Changes (by zach@sensinode.com):

  * owner:  zach@sensinode.com => pthubert@cisco.com


-- 
Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/6lowpan/trac/ticket/7#comment:1>
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From 6lowpan-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Nov 26 11:11:49 2008
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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] context information
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Pascal et al. -
can you clarify the role of contexts relative to (vs.) the IPv6 flow label?
It seems to me that we are talking about establishing contexts that will 
be appropriate for certain kinds of flows.
For most applications today, and certainly many applications in the 
future, the overwhelming majority of packets flow multi-point to point.  
If I understand what you're doing, this type of flow would likely have a 
single context, and there wouldn't be too much overhead to set it up and 
maintain it, and I'd be able to do pretty good header compression as a 
result of that.
But wouldn't the same be true if I just used a flow label?  I think that 
I'd get all of the benefits of the existing context proposal, and on top 
of that be able to elide almost everything after the flow label.
Flow setup and maintenance should be the same as with contexts (I think?).
Maybe this makes Carsten happier too, since f(flow label) --> 
everything, and the setup and maintenance has to explicitly define that 
mapping.

ksjp

Pascal Thubert (pthubert) wrote:
> Dear lowpanners
>
> Draft -03 says:
>
>     How the shared context is assigned and managed is beyond
>     the scope of this document.
>
> In fact, all HC needs is that the information necessary to expand the
> addresses is present in the context table and indexed by information in
> the packet (interface ID, source/dest short addresses, context ID or
> default).
>
> So HC would work in different environments, for instance:
> - only a default context and but a table indexed by short addresses
> - multiple contexts but just one prefix per context
> - multiple interfaces, one prefix per interface
>
> There's no point in enforcing any of these case in the spec. I wish to
> add this text:
>
>     The information that is maintained in that shared context is out of
> scope.
>
> Resulting in:
>
> 2.1.2.  Context Identifier Extension
>
>    This specification expects that a concept of context is shared
>    between the node that compresses a packet and the node(s) that need
>    to expand it.  The specification enables a node to use of up to 16
>    contexts.  How the contexts are shared and maintained is out of
>    scope.  What the context information is is out of scope.  Actions in
>    response to unknown and/or invalid contexts are out of scope.
>
>
> What do you think?
>
> Pascal 
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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] context information
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 Hi Carsten:

Since we seem to agree that what we need to define is the interface to
the 
context as opposed to the context content or management, let me propose 
this change: 

2.1.2.  Context Identifier Extension

   This specification expects that an abstract set of states called
   contexts is shared between the node that compresses a packet and the
   node(s) that need to expand it.  The specification enables to
   transport an opaque index that is used to lookup the abstract context
   database.  The index in encoded with 4 bits enabling to address up to
   16 contexts.

   This specification requires that services associated to the abstract
   context database implement an interface to the 6LoWPAN compressor to
   help compress and uncompress an address based on the parameters
   passed by the compressor and the information in the abstract context
   database.

   The interface MUST provide the methods to lookup a context ID from a
   prefix and a prefix length for encoding, and reversely lookup a
   prefix and a prefix length from a context ID for decoding.

   How the contexts are shared and maintained is out of scope.  The
   actual context information is out of scope.  Actions in response to
   unknown and/or invalid contexts are out of scope.

   The interface might be extended to allow for further stateful
   compression, for instance for SAC = 11, additional context
   information might be used to store the full IPv6 address using the
   Link layer Address as an additional index.

What do you think?

Pascal

>-----Original Message-----
>From: Carsten Bormann [mailto:cabo@tzi.org]
>Sent: mercredi 26 novembre 2008 10:37
>To: Pascal Thubert (pthubert)
>Cc: Carsten Bormann; 6lowpan
>Subject: Re: [6lowpan] context information
>
>>> Second, "What the context information is is out of scope" will only
>>> work insofar as HC is not concerned.
>>> HC needs 16 byte strings, indexed by a number from 0 to 15.  This
>>> clearly defines "What the context information is" to a certain
>>> extent.
>>
>> I disagree that the specification can only extract 16 values. The
>> specification can only pass 16 context IDs but the parameters in
>> interface do not have to be limited to the context ID.
>> We have short addresses, long addresses, network interface ID, etc...
>
>OK, let's try to put this slightly more precisely:
>
>My view:
>
>The context provides a function
>
>     f(CID: 0..15) -> byte-string(0..16)
>
>Your view:
>
>The context provides a function
>
>     f(CID: 0..15, unspecified stuff) -> byte-string(0..16)
>
>While this sure can be made to work, my "interoperability nightmare"
>bell just went on.
>
>But in any case, there *is* a defined interface, except that your
>version has this additional set of unspecified parameters.
>Can you explain what you would use it for?
>How do you make sure "unspecified stuff" is the same at compressor and
>decompressor?
>
>Gruesse, Carsten

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Subject: Re: [6lowpan] Proposed new text for the UDP checksum elide issue
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Hi again Carsten:

I mixed your latest comments in:

3.2.2.  Compressing UDP checksum

   The UDP checksum operation is mandatory with IPv6 [RFC2460] for all
   packets.  For that reason [RFC4944] disallows the compression of the
   UDP checksum.

   With this specification, a compressor in the source transport
   endpoint MAY elide the UDP checksum in certain cases for instance:

   Upper Layer Message Integrity Check:  In this case, there is some
      other form of integrity check in the UDP payload that covers at
      least the same information as the UDP checksum (pseudo-header,
      data) and has at least the same strength.
   Tunneling:  In this case, 6LowPAN is deployed as a wireless pseudo-
      fieldbus by tunneling existing field protocols over UDP.  If the
      tunneled PDU possesses its own addressing, security and integrity
      check, the tunneling mechanism MAY authorize to elide the UDP
      checksum in order to save on the encapsulation overhead.

   This elision is indicated by setting the 'C' bit in the LOWPAN_NHC
   header.

   A 6LoWPAN endpoint that compresses the LOWPAN_NHC header MUST NOT
   elide the UDP checksum (set the C bit) unless it has been authorized
   to do so by the source of the packet.  In the source transport
   endpoint, this authorization can come from upper layer transport or
   application protocol instance that originated the packet.  In a
   forwarding node, this authorization is implied when the incoming
   packet had the optimization applied (add the C bit set).

   A 6LoWPAN endpoint that expands the LOWPAN_NHC header MUST
   reconstitute the UDP checksum by computing the valid value for the
   datagram as specified in [RFC0768] and [RFC2460], and place the
   result of that computation in the restored UDP header, unless it has
   been authorized to ignore the checksum operation.  In the destination
   transport endpoint this authorization can come from upper layer
   transport that will receive the packet and would ignore the UDP
   checksum should it be restored.


What do you think?

Pascal 
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Cc: Carsten Bormann <cabo@tzi.org>, 6lowpan <6lowpan@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [6lowpan] context information
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Pascal - I think that all of the text below works if we add "flow label" 
to the last sentence of the
first paragraph.
        The index is encoded with either 4 bits or a 20 bit flow label.

ksjp

Pascal Thubert (pthubert) wrote:
>  Hi Carsten:
>
> Since we seem to agree that what we need to define is the interface to
> the 
> context as opposed to the context content or management, let me propose 
> this change: 
>
> 2.1.2.  Context Identifier Extension
>
>    This specification expects that an abstract set of states called
>    contexts is shared between the node that compresses a packet and the
>    node(s) that need to expand it.  The specification enables to
>    transport an opaque index that is used to lookup the abstract context
>    database.  The index in encoded with 4 bits enabling to address up to
>    16 contexts.
>
>    This specification requires that services associated to the abstract
>    context database implement an interface to the 6LoWPAN compressor to
>    help compress and uncompress an address based on the parameters
>    passed by the compressor and the information in the abstract context
>    database.
>
>    The interface MUST provide the methods to lookup a context ID from a
>    prefix and a prefix length for encoding, and reversely lookup a
>    prefix and a prefix length from a context ID for decoding.
>
>    How the contexts are shared and maintained is out of scope.  The
>    actual context information is out of scope.  Actions in response to
>    unknown and/or invalid contexts are out of scope.
>
>    The interface might be extended to allow for further stateful
>    compression, for instance for SAC = 11, additional context
>    information might be used to store the full IPv6 address using the
>    Link layer Address as an additional index.
>
> What do you think?
>
> Pascal
>
>   
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Carsten Bormann [mailto:cabo@tzi.org]
>> Sent: mercredi 26 novembre 2008 10:37
>> To: Pascal Thubert (pthubert)
>> Cc: Carsten Bormann; 6lowpan
>> Subject: Re: [6lowpan] context information
>>
>>     
>>>> Second, "What the context information is is out of scope" will only
>>>> work insofar as HC is not concerned.
>>>> HC needs 16 byte strings, indexed by a number from 0 to 15.  This
>>>> clearly defines "What the context information is" to a certain
>>>> extent.
>>>>         
>>> I disagree that the specification can only extract 16 values. The
>>> specification can only pass 16 context IDs but the parameters in
>>> interface do not have to be limited to the context ID.
>>> We have short addresses, long addresses, network interface ID, etc...
>>>       
>> OK, let's try to put this slightly more precisely:
>>
>> My view:
>>
>> The context provides a function
>>
>>     f(CID: 0..15) -> byte-string(0..16)
>>
>> Your view:
>>
>> The context provides a function
>>
>>     f(CID: 0..15, unspecified stuff) -> byte-string(0..16)
>>
>> While this sure can be made to work, my "interoperability nightmare"
>> bell just went on.
>>
>> But in any case, there *is* a defined interface, except that your
>> version has this additional set of unspecified parameters.
>> Can you explain what you would use it for?
>> How do you make sure "unspecified stuff" is the same at compressor and
>> decompressor?
>>
>> Gruesse, Carsten
>>     
>
> _______________________________________________
> 6lowpan mailing list
> 6lowpan@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/6lowpan
>   

--------------030900040101050907000100
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<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000">
Pascal - I think that all of the text below works if we add "flow
label" to the last sentence of the<br>
first paragraph.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The index is encoded with either 4 bits or a 20 bit flow label.<br>
<br>
ksjp<br>
<br>
Pascal Thubert (pthubert) wrote:
<blockquote
 cite="mid:7892795E1A87F04CADFCCF41FADD00FC069EB058@xmb-ams-337.emea.cisco.com"
 type="cite">
  <pre wrap=""> Hi Carsten:

Since we seem to agree that what we need to define is the interface to
the 
context as opposed to the context content or management, let me propose 
this change: 

2.1.2.  Context Identifier Extension

   This specification expects that an abstract set of states called
   contexts is shared between the node that compresses a packet and the
   node(s) that need to expand it.  The specification enables to
   transport an opaque index that is used to lookup the abstract context
   database.  The index in encoded with 4 bits enabling to address up to
   16 contexts.

   This specification requires that services associated to the abstract
   context database implement an interface to the 6LoWPAN compressor to
   help compress and uncompress an address based on the parameters
   passed by the compressor and the information in the abstract context
   database.

   The interface MUST provide the methods to lookup a context ID from a
   prefix and a prefix length for encoding, and reversely lookup a
   prefix and a prefix length from a context ID for decoding.

   How the contexts are shared and maintained is out of scope.  The
   actual context information is out of scope.  Actions in response to
   unknown and/or invalid contexts are out of scope.

   The interface might be extended to allow for further stateful
   compression, for instance for SAC = 11, additional context
   information might be used to store the full IPv6 address using the
   Link layer Address as an additional index.

What do you think?

Pascal

  </pre>
  <blockquote type="cite">
    <pre wrap="">-----Original Message-----
From: Carsten Bormann [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:cabo@tzi.org">mailto:cabo@tzi.org</a>]
Sent: mercredi 26 novembre 2008 10:37
To: Pascal Thubert (pthubert)
Cc: Carsten Bormann; 6lowpan
Subject: Re: [6lowpan] context information

    </pre>
    <blockquote type="cite">
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">Second, "What the context information is is out of scope" will only
work insofar as HC is not concerned.
HC needs 16 byte strings, indexed by a number from 0 to 15.  This
clearly defines "What the context information is" to a certain
extent.
        </pre>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">I disagree that the specification can only extract 16 values. The
specification can only pass 16 context IDs but the parameters in
interface do not have to be limited to the context ID.
We have short addresses, long addresses, network interface ID, etc...
      </pre>
    </blockquote>
    <pre wrap="">OK, let's try to put this slightly more precisely:

My view:

The context provides a function

    f(CID: 0..15) -&gt; byte-string(0..16)

Your view:

The context provides a function

    f(CID: 0..15, unspecified stuff) -&gt; byte-string(0..16)

While this sure can be made to work, my "interoperability nightmare"
bell just went on.

But in any case, there *is* a defined interface, except that your
version has this additional set of unspecified parameters.
Can you explain what you would use it for?
How do you make sure "unspecified stuff" is the same at compressor and
decompressor?

Gruesse, Carsten
    </pre>
  </blockquote>
  <pre wrap=""><!---->
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</blockquote>
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#4: refine discussion of how MAC-layer ACKs can go into routing
----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
 Reporter:  cabo@tzi.org          |        Owner:  carlesgo@entel.upc.edu
     Type:  defect                |       Status:  assigned              
 Priority:  minor                 |    Milestone:                        
Component:  routing-requirements  |      Version:                        
 Severity:  Active WG Document    |   Resolution:                        
 Keywords:                        |  
----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
Changes (by carlesgo@entel.upc.edu):

  * owner:  => carlesgo@entel.upc.edu
  * status:  new => assigned


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#3: Discuss hibernation-induced latency with the latency requirements
----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
 Reporter:  cabo@tzi.org          |        Owner:  carlesgo@entel.upc.edu
     Type:  enhancement           |       Status:  assigned              
 Priority:  major                 |    Milestone:                        
Component:  routing-requirements  |      Version:                        
 Severity:  Active WG Document    |   Resolution:                        
 Keywords:                        |  
----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
Changes (by carlesgo@entel.upc.edu):

  * owner:  => carlesgo@entel.upc.edu
  * status:  new => assigned


-- 
Ticket URL: <http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/6lowpan/trac/ticket/3#comment:1>
6lowpan <http://tools.ietf.org/6lowpan/>

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Thread-Topic: [6lowpan] context information
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From: "Pascal Thubert (pthubert)" <pthubert@cisco.com>
To: "Kris Pister" <pister@eecs.berkeley.edu>
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Cc: Carsten Bormann <cabo@tzi.org>, 6lowpan <6lowpan@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [6lowpan] context information
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Hi Kris

Sure works as an encoding technique; but I have issues with using the flow =
label for 6LoWPAN encoding:

The flow label was initially defined to flag flows that require specific ro=
uting/forwading, and such needs might be present in sensors. For instance, =
ISA has states in forwarding nodes that are indexed by the flow label. Note=
 that ISA100.11a does not use context so allowing flow label to also index =
the context would not be an issue for that specific standard. =


Since 2460, there have been a number of attempts to define the flow label t=
o do this or that. This seems to boil down to packet classification with RF=
C 3697, which specifies to use different flow labels for unrelated transpor=
t connections.

The format of the flow label is not adapted to the task. We discussed that =
16 was a fair number, though some people wanted less than that. 20 bits is =
certainly a waste, we can't use them all. Now we could structure the flow l=
abel and impose that to the future generations bit do we really need that?

What I think is that the flow label belongs to the endpoints upper layers, =
not 6LoWPAN. Th eendpoint stack should not have to worry whether there is a=
 6LoWPAN hop on the way to figure out how to use the flow label. At the mom=
ent, we defined an octet that belongs to 6LoWPAN for 6LoWPAN use in 6LoWPAN=
 headers. I think it is a cleaner layered approach.

What do you think?

Pascal
________________________________________
From: Kris Pister [mailto:pister@eecs.berkeley.edu] =

Sent: samedi 29 novembre 2008 23:12
To: Pascal Thubert (pthubert)
Cc: Carsten Bormann; 6lowpan
Subject: Re: [6lowpan] context information

Pascal - I think that all of the text below works if we add "flow label" to=
 the last sentence of the
first paragraph.
=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 The index is encoded with either 4 bits or a 20 bit f=
low label.

ksjp

Pascal Thubert (pthubert) wrote: =

 Hi Carsten:

Since we seem to agree that what we need to define is the interface to
the =

context as opposed to the context content or management, let me propose =

this change: =


2.1.2.  Context Identifier Extension

   This specification expects that an abstract set of states called
   contexts is shared between the node that compresses a packet and the
   node(s) that need to expand it.  The specification enables to
   transport an opaque index that is used to lookup the abstract context
   database.  The index in encoded with 4 bits enabling to address up to
   16 contexts.

   This specification requires that services associated to the abstract
   context database implement an interface to the 6LoWPAN compressor to
   help compress and uncompress an address based on the parameters
   passed by the compressor and the information in the abstract context
   database.

   The interface MUST provide the methods to lookup a context ID from a
   prefix and a prefix length for encoding, and reversely lookup a
   prefix and a prefix length from a context ID for decoding.

   How the contexts are shared and maintained is out of scope.  The
   actual context information is out of scope.  Actions in response to
   unknown and/or invalid contexts are out of scope.

   The interface might be extended to allow for further stateful
   compression, for instance for SAC =3D 11, additional context
   information might be used to store the full IPv6 address using the
   Link layer Address as an additional index.

What do you think?

Pascal

  =

-----Original Message-----
From: Carsten Bormann [mailto:cabo@tzi.org]
Sent: mercredi 26 novembre 2008 10:37
To: Pascal Thubert (pthubert)
Cc: Carsten Bormann; 6lowpan
Subject: Re: [6lowpan] context information

    =

Second, "What the context information is is out of scope" will only
work insofar as HC is not concerned.
HC needs 16 byte strings, indexed by a number from 0 to 15.  This
clearly defines "What the context information is" to a certain
extent.
        =

I disagree that the specification can only extract 16 values. The
specification can only pass 16 context IDs but the parameters in
interface do not have to be limited to the context ID.
We have short addresses, long addresses, network interface ID, etc...
      =

OK, let's try to put this slightly more precisely:

My view:

The context provides a function

    f(CID: 0..15) -> byte-string(0..16)

Your view:

The context provides a function

    f(CID: 0..15, unspecified stuff) -> byte-string(0..16)

While this sure can be made to work, my "interoperability nightmare"
bell just went on.

But in any case, there *is* a defined interface, except that your
version has this additional set of unspecified parameters.
Can you explain what you would use it for?
How do you make sure "unspecified stuff" is the same at compressor and
decompressor?

Gruesse, Carsten
    =


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Cc: Carsten Bormann <cabo@tzi.org>, 6lowpan <6lowpan@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [6lowpan] context information
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> flow label

Fundamentally, we have to decide whether we want to do flow-based  
compression in 6lowpan or not.
There is significant previous work in the IETF on flow-based header  
compression, but the flows were different (mostly RTP streams in RFC  
3095/5225 and TCP connections in RFC 4996) from what I'd expect in a  
6lowpan, with significant complexity in the header compression scheme.
Note that much of the complexity comes from maintaining per-flow  
context state, assuring that that state is updated in sync between  
compressor and decompressor, and robustly dealing with failures in  
that synchronization.

The whole idea of CBHC was to avoid the complexity of per-flow state.
Instead we went for a mostly constant, per-lowpan context state, with  
an independent dissemination protocol in mind (which we now have as  
part of 6lowpan-nd).

On one hand, it is a good idea to isolate the interface between  
6lowpan-hc and that dissemination protocol.  On the other hand, I'm  
not so sure about creating interfaces in 6lowpan-hc to context state  
maintenance protocols we don't know (and whose properties we don't  
understand).  Using the flow label as an index into the context state  
(which, from 6lowpan-hc's point of view, is specified as an interface  
only) sounds like there is some per-flow state maintenance going on.   
To me it would make much more sense to integrate such a flow-based  
maintenance more closely with (a then quite different form of) 6lowpan- 
hc, as this is less likely to be mostly constant as in the existing  
CBHC approach.  But maybe I'm misunderstanding how a flow label would  
be used.

By the way, we don't have very good ways to compress flow labels in  
6lowpan-hc.  As these are relatively large and constant in a flow,  
they would be prime candidates for compression in a flow-based scheme.
If they are instead to be used as per-flow context identifiers, Pascal  
is probably right that the size of 20 bits is somewhat unmotivated.

Gruesse, Carsten

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