
From nobody Wed Oct  1 05:58:07 2014
Return-Path: <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E80951A036C for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 05:58:04 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -4.2
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.2 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id aXqe8LQPmKCc for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 05:57:58 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from sesbmg22.ericsson.net (sesbmg22.ericsson.net [193.180.251.48]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4B1791A0346 for <actn@ietf.org>; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 05:57:57 -0700 (PDT)
X-AuditID: c1b4fb30-f79736d0000053b8-01-542bfa53adde
Received: from ESESSHC017.ericsson.se (Unknown_Domain [153.88.253.124]) by sesbmg22.ericsson.net (Symantec Mail Security) with SMTP id A6.3D.21432.35AFB245; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 14:57:55 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from ESESSMB301.ericsson.se ([169.254.1.79]) by ESESSHC017.ericsson.se ([153.88.183.69]) with mapi id 14.03.0174.001; Wed, 1 Oct 2014 14:57:55 +0200
From: Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>
To: Dhruv Dhody <dhruv.dhody@huawei.com>, Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: ACTN architecture
Thread-Index: Ac/Om8qi9g/D/THATIaDRn5wbOi7GACBkWJQABkBmyAAFQGYgAIQSSFgAIF+6iAAdV6lwA==
Date: Wed, 1 Oct 2014 12:57:54 +0000
Message-ID: <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE48127951F7@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se>
References: <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481276015F@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se> <23CE718903A838468A8B325B80962F9B865F029E@szxeml556-mbs.china.huawei.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C348CB@dfweml706-chm> <23CE718903A838468A8B325B80962F9B865F50B1@szxeml556-mbs.china.huawei.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3A082@dfweml706-chm> <23CE718903A838468A8B325B80962F9B86600573@szxeml556-mbs.china.huawei.com>
In-Reply-To: <23CE718903A838468A8B325B80962F9B86600573@szxeml556-mbs.china.huawei.com>
Accept-Language: it-IT, en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [153.88.183.17]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE48127951F7ESESSMB301erics_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Brightmail-Tracker: H4sIAAAAAAAAA+NgFvrLLMWRmVeSWpSXmKPExsUyM+JvjW7wL+0Qg6dvNS229Fxgs+hfcYbF Yto8Vwdmj5Yjb1k9liz5yRTAFMVlk5Kak1mWWqRvl8CVMb1lJXPBjRnMFVs+nGZpYFz/jKmL kZNDQsBEou/KJjYIW0ziwr31QDYXh5DAUUaJHT1NYAkhgUWMEh9msncxcnCwCVhJPDnkAxIW EciWWN3VwQ5iCwvISaz4eYgFIi4vcf3FBUaQchGBMIkb561AwiwCKhKrXraCTeQV8JXYf/Q0 M8Sq5cwSLb0nWEESnED1r+58BpvJKCArMWH3IkYQm1lAXOLWk/lQNwtILNlznhnCFpV4+fgf K8guCQFFieX9chDl+RIHpzxihdglKHFy5hOWCYwis5BMmoWkbBaSMoi4nsSNqVPYIGxtiWUL XzND2LoSM/4dYkEWX8DIvopRtDi1OCk33chIL7UoM7m4OD9PLy+1ZBMjML4ObvltsIPx5XPH Q4wCHIxKPLwJM7RDhFgTy4orcw8xSnOwKInzLjw3L1hIID2xJDU7NbUgtSi+qDQntfgQIxMH p1QDY1jfoysTPwYEfH18d/UWZ4WXrUE7W5/t/dTv/Zb3r72wrM0vhdaU5DvCx48sWLTWZ73W lcAzaiv/ZTI8U25zNpa5a7+xLvjEt6fJf8oPrPr4ru6S+uXnSoes955UdU1SYlx2yO5Ap2fo YvtwM/GJ750s9Py8338ssnknvM77XVXeSsE+U2udk0osxRmJhlrMRcWJAB1o4qWQAgAA
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/-jB3Gf0SvOANoPv7XQkaUTKqs1M
Subject: Re: [Actn] ACTN architecture
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 01 Oct 2014 12:58:05 -0000

--_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE48127951F7ESESSMB301erics_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Dhruv, Young,
Trying to keep the reply as simple as possible:

>[Dhruv 3]: I completely agree with you on this point. And thus prefer if w=
e do not dwell much on Daniele Case b, hierarchy among the PNC and PNC-PNC =
interface being out of scope and focus of ACTN.

Ok, it makes sense.

>[Dhruv 3]: we have not used the term 'multi-domain coordinator' in the dra=
ft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03; but we use it in charter text, perhaps we =
can relook into this.

Yep, we need to fix that.

Thanks
Daniele

From: Dhruv Dhody [mailto:dhruv.dhody@huawei.com]
Sent: luned=EC 29 settembre 2014 07:05
To: Leeyoung; Daniele Ceccarelli; actn@ietf.org
Subject: RE: ACTN architecture

Hi Young,

Thanks for the update to http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ceccarelli-a=
ctn-framework/
I will send my comments on the update in a separate thread... Rest inline w=
ith tag [Dhruv 3]

(snip)

Reposting my architecture considerations and Young's replies in a dedicated=
 thread.




1.      On multidomain issues: One question here: How do we want to manage =
multi-domain? I see two ways:

a.      A coordinator of virtual network controllers - i.e. 1:1 relationshi=
p between virtual network controller and physical network controller plus a=
 coordinator of virtual network controllers on top

b.      A coordinator of physical network controllers - i.e. a coordinator =
of physical network controllers (1:N relationship between coordinator and P=
NCs) with a virtual network controller on top? (1:1 relationship between PN=
C coordinator and the VNC)

Maybe we should consider both architectures, maybe pick one.

YOUNG>> These options seem to be detailed architecture that the upcoming ar=
chitecture document should address in detail. My personal opinion is that b=
oth architectures need to be considered as a starting point. There may be o=
ther variations. Then we may narrow the scope as an initial baseline archit=
ecture.
[[DanCe]] Agree. Let's keep track of both of them.
[Dhruv]: In the current architecture document we do not use the term 'coord=
inator';
In the charter it says - "Multi-domain network coordination function in ACT=
N is built on a control hierarchy where a multi-domain coordinator interact=
s with each domain controller (e.g., EMS/NMS, GMPLS/PCE control plane, SDN =
controller) for abstracting network resource information to provide virtual=
 network control functions. This virtual network control functions are embe=
dded in a multi-domain network coordinator to support various services/clie=
nts/applications to create and manage their own virtual networks that share=
 the common transport network resources."
To me this reads as the coordinator and virtual network control function ar=
e embedded together. If we feel that multiple options are okay and need to =
be studied, we should relax the text in the charter.

YOUNG>> I think VNC-PNC construct is the main architecture interface of ACT=
N. Although Architecture document is being prepared, the current assumption=
 is that PNC has a minimum module as proxy to communicate with VNC. When VN=
C deals with multi-domain networks, multi-domain coordination function aris=
es within the VNC.  I think this is case a (Per Daniele). The coordinator V=
NC has to deal with multiple VNCs or PNCs with VN proxy function.
[Dhruv 2]:  In my opinion what Daniele suggest is more like -
Daniele Case a:

                 Virtual network Coordinator
                              |
                              |
                 -------------+------------
                |             |            |
                |             |            |
               VNC           VNC          VNC
                |             |            |
                |             |            |
               PNC           PNC          PNC


Daniele Case b:
                             VNC
                              |
                              |
                 Physical network Coordinator
                              |
                              |
                 -------------+------------
                |             |            |
                |             |            |
               PNC           PNC          PNC

Here the key difference is - 'multi-domain coordinator function' to be enga=
ging with VNCs or PNCs in the southbound.

YOUNG 2> Yes. Agree.

>From your description I gather that the 'multi-domain coordinator function'=
 can interact with multiple VNC (case a) or interact with multiple PNC (cas=
e b) which I also think is valid.
Making this look like....
                    Multi-domain Coordinator (parent
                              |               -VNC)
                              |
                 -------------+------------
                |             |            |
                |             |            |
               VNC           VNC          VNC
                |             |            |
                |             |            |
               PNC           PNC          PNC

  YOUNG 2> This above diagram is basically the same as Daniele's Case a.

                             VNC
                              | (probably embedded
                              |  together)
                   Multi-domain Coordinator
                              |
                              |
                 -------------+------------
                |             |            |
                |             |            |
                 PNC          PNC          PNC

     YOUNG 2>  This is very close to Daniele's Case b except the 'Multi-dom=
ain coordinator' is not explicitly defined as Physical Network Coordinator.=
  In the charter description, we embedded the multi-domain coordination fun=
ction as part of VNC. Here VNC and MD coordinator can be decoupled as anoth=
er possibility.  The above diagram is different from Daniele's Case b if we=
 assume the interface between PNCs and the MD coordinator is of physical na=
ture or of virtual nature. If this is of physical nature, then this interfa=
ce may be slightly different from VNC-PNC interface (which we called VPI fo=
r Case a. This is a PNC-PNC interface in a hierarchical fashion, for the la=
ck of a better term PPI interface.  What is the difference between VNC-PNC =
and PNC-PNC interfaces? Since we are dealing with virtualization as the mai=
n charter item, I would prefer to focus on VNC-PNC construct as Case a and =
also for Case b if we were to interpret the interface between MD Coordinato=
r and PNCs is of virtual nature.

[Dhruv 3]: I completely agree with you on this point. And thus prefer if we=
 do not dwell much on Daniele Case b, hierarchy among the PNC and PNC-PNC i=
nterface being out of scope and focus of ACTN.

For case b (per Daniele), I think we are only concerned about VNC-PNC (as 1=
:1) while how the PNC coordinator deals with its domain PNC controller is o=
ut of scope of ACTN work in  my view.  In this case, we are only dealing wi=
th the VNC with the PNC coordinator.  Multi-domain coordination is "delegat=
ed" to the PNC level.
[Dhruv 2]: I am not sure what you mean here?

YOUNG 2>  Please see my above comment.

So I think your point is that the current charter is more or less case a's =
perspective.  But I think case a is the base-line case to which ACTN work s=
hould be focused on. Case b is subset of case a.

I am not to sure

The charter text thus seems more closely related to case (b) where a multi-=
domain coordinator interacts with domain controllers (PNC) and this functio=
n resides with virtual network control function.
[Dhruv 2]: Yes.
 YOUNG 2>   Yes, with an understanding that the [VNC+MD Coordinator] is int=
erfacing with PNCs in a virtual manner.

[Dhruv 3]: we have not used the term 'multi-domain coordinator' in the draf=
t-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03; but we use it in charter text, perhaps we c=
an relook into this.

Again on multidomain: maybe we could improve the architecture draft saying =
is centralized and what is distributed. E.g. VPN prefixes exchange could be=
 distributed (controllers speaking MP-BGP with each other) while provisioni=
ng could be hierarchical (i.e. the coordinator asks controller A to provisi=
on a path with domain A and asks controller B to provide a path within B so=
 to have an end to end path crossing domains A and B)...H-PCE like.

YOUNG>> Good point. I agree that the architecture draft should discuss thes=
e dichotomy of control regimes (e.g., centralized vs. distributed). One que=
stion I have: are you assuming the coordinator also speaks MP-BGP with lowe=
r level PN controllers? If not, would the coordinator need to collect the V=
PN prefixes using the interface between the coordinator and each PNC (that =
speaks MP-BGP)? Then can this be viewed as a centralized component?
[[DanCe]] The scenarios that come to my mind are more "horizontal". I would=
 say the either the nodes speak MP-BGP with each other across the domains  =
(in case of distributed protocols) or the controllers gets the information =
from its own domain and then speak MP-BGP with the other controllers "on be=
half of their domains"


[Dhruv]: I feel this is highly dependent on the physical network controller=
s, if its a PCE it has its own way to do inter-PCE communication and if the=
 controller runs BGP  it may directly interact with other controller. IMHO =
the ACTN architecture should not impose any restriction on this interaction=
, nor make it a pre-requisite as in some case the two controller may not be=
 able to interact with each other directly (different technology, vendor sp=
ecific NMS etc).

YOUNG>> I agree with you on this.


Regards,
Dhruv

--_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE48127951F7ESESSMB301erics_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-=
1">
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 14 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Candara;
	panose-1:2 14 5 2 3 3 3 2 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
	{mso-style-priority:34;
	margin-top:0cm;
	margin-right:0cm;
	margin-bottom:0cm;
	margin-left:36.0pt;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:12.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle20
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle21
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Candara","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle22
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle23
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Candara","sans-serif";
	color:#993366;}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Candara","sans-serif";
	color:#003300;}
span.EmailStyle26
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
	margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
	{mso-list-id:1708487803;
	mso-list-type:hybrid;
	mso-list-template-ids:1009127542 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698=
713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l0:level1
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level2
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level3
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l0:level4
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level5
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level6
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l0:level7
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level8
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level9
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
ol
	{margin-bottom:0cm;}
ul
	{margin-bottom:0cm;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dhruv, Young, <o:p>=
</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Trying to keep the rep=
ly as simple as possible:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">&gt;</span><b><span st=
yle=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#003300=
">[Dhruv 3]: I completely agree with you on this point. And thus prefer if =
we do not dwell much on Daniele Case b, hierarchy among the PNC
 and PNC-PNC interface being out of scope and focus of ACTN. &nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Ok, it makes sense.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&q=
uot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#003300">&gt;[Dhruv 3]: we have not used the ter=
m &#8216;multi-domain coordinator&#8217; in the draft-ceccarelli-actn-frame=
work-03; but we use it in charter text, perhaps we can relook into this.
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Yep, we need to fix th=
at.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Daniele<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm =
4.0pt">
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Dhruv Dh=
ody [mailto:dhruv.dhody@huawei.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> luned=EC 29 settembre 2014 07:05<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; Daniele Ceccarelli; actn@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: ACTN architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#003300">Hi Young,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#003300"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#003300">Thanks for the update to
</span><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"http://datatracker.ietf.org=
/doc/draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework/">http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draf=
t-ceccarelli-actn-framework/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#003300">I will send my comments on the update in a=
 separate thread&#8230; Rest inline with
<b>tag [Dhruv 3]<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#003300"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#003300">(snip)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm =
4.0pt">
<div style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm =
4.0pt">
<div style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm =
4.0pt">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Reposting my architect=
ure considerations and Young&#8217;s replies in a dedicated thread.<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 leve=
l1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><span style=3D"=
mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">On multidomain=
 issues: One question here: How do we want to manage multi-domain? I see tw=
o ways:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0=
pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><span style=3D"mso-list:=
Ignore">a.<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">A coordinator =
of virtual network controllers &#8211; i.e. 1:1 relationship between virtua=
l network controller and physical network controller plus a coordinator of =
virtual network controllers on top<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0=
pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><span style=3D"mso-list:=
Ignore">b.<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">A coordinator =
of physical network controllers &#8211; i.e. a coordinator of physical netw=
ork controllers (1:N relationship between coordinator and PNCs) with a virt=
ual network controller on top? (1:1 relationship
 between PNC coordinator and the VNC)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:72.0pt"><span style=3D"c=
olor:#1F497D">Maybe we should consider both architectures, maybe pick one.<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:red">YOUNG&gt;&gt; These option=
s seem to be detailed architecture that the upcoming architecture document =
should address in detail. My personal opinion is that both architectures ne=
ed to be considered as a starting point. There
 may be other variations. Then we may narrow the scope as an initial baseli=
ne architecture.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">[[DanCe]] Agree. Let&#=
8217;s keep track of both of them.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#984806">[Dhruv]: In the=
 current architecture document we do not use the term &#8216;coordinator&#8=
217;;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#984806">In the charter =
it says &#8211; &#8220;<i>Multi-domain network coordination function in ACT=
N is built on a control hierarchy where a multi-domain coordinator interact=
s
 with each domain controller (e.g., EMS/NMS, GMPLS/PCE control plane, SDN c=
ontroller) for abstracting network resource information to provide virtual =
network control functions. This virtual network control functions are embed=
ded in a multi-domain network coordinator
 to support various services/clients/applications to create and manage thei=
r own virtual networks that share the common transport network resources</i=
>.&#8221; &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#984806">To me this read=
s as the coordinator and virtual network control function are embedded toge=
ther. If we feel that multiple options are okay and need to
 be studied, we should relax the text in the charter. &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#984806"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#984806">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I=
 think VNC-PNC construct is the main architecture interface of ACTN. Althou=
gh Architecture document is being prepared, the current assumption
 is that PNC has a minimum module as proxy to communicate with VNC. When VN=
C deals with multi-domain networks, multi-domain coordination function aris=
es within the VNC. &nbsp;I think this is case a (Per Daniele). The coordina=
tor VNC has to deal with multiple VNCs
 or PNCs with VN proxy function. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#993366">[Dhruv 2]: &nbs=
p;In my opinion what Daniele suggest is more like -
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">Daniele Case a:=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp; Virtual network Coordinator<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp; |
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;-------------&#43;------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
 |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
 |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VNC&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VNC&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VNC<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
 |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
 |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PNC&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PNC&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PNC<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">Daniele Case b:=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;VNC&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp; |
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;Physical network Coordinator<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;|
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;-------------&#43;------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
 |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
 |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PNC&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PNC&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PNC<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#9933=
66">Here the key difference is &#8211; &#8216;multi-domain coordinator func=
tion&#8217; to be engaging with VNCs or PNCs in the southbound.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><b><sp=
an style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#9=
93366"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><b><sp=
an style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#9=
93366">YOUNG 2&gt; Yes. Agree.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#9933=
66"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#9933=
66">From your description I gather that the &#8216;multi-domain coordinator=
 function&#8217; can interact with multiple VNC (case a) or interact with
 multiple PNC (case b) which I also think is valid. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#9933=
66">Making this look like&#8230;.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Multi-domain Coordinator (parent<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -VNC)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp; |
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;-------------&#43;------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
 |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
 |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;VNC&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VNC&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VNC<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
 |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
 |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PNC&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PNC&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PNC&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;
</span><b><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&q=
uot;;color:#993366">YOUNG 2&gt; This above diagram is basically the same as=
 Daniele&#8217;s Case a. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></=
b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><b><span style=3D"font-fa=
mily:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span>=
</b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;VNC&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;| (probably embedded<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp; |&nbsp; together)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Multi-domain Coordinator&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp; |
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;-------------&#43;------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
 |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:21.0pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
 |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp; &nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;PNC&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PNC&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PNC<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#993366"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#984806">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;
</span><b><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&q=
uot;;color:#993366">YOUNG 2&gt; &nbsp;This is very close to Daniele&#8217;s=
 Case b except the &#8216;Multi-domain coordinator&#8217; is not explicitly=
 defined as Physical Network Coordinator. &nbsp;In the charter description,=
 we embedded
 the multi-domain coordination function as part of VNC. Here VNC and MD coo=
rdinator can be decoupled as another possibility. &nbsp;The above diagram i=
s different from Daniele&#8217;s Case b if we assume the interface between =
PNCs and the MD coordinator is of physical
 nature or of virtual nature. If this is of physical nature, then this inte=
rface may be slightly different from VNC-PNC interface (which we called VPI=
 for Case a. This is a PNC-PNC interface in a hierarchical fashion, for the=
 lack of a better term PPI interface.&nbsp;
 What is the difference between VNC-PNC and PNC-PNC interfaces? Since we ar=
e dealing with virtualization as the main charter item, I would prefer to f=
ocus on VNC-PNC construct as Case a and also for Case b if we were to inter=
pret the interface between MD Coordinator
 and PNCs is of virtual nature. &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><b><span style=3D"font-fa=
mily:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#003300"><o:p>&nbsp;<=
/o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&q=
uot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#003300">[Dhruv 3]: I completely agree with you =
on this point. And thus prefer if we do not dwell much on Daniele Case b, h=
ierarchy among the PNC and PNC-PNC interface being out of
 scope and focus of ACTN. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><b><span style=3D"font-fa=
mily:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#993366"><o:p>&nbsp;<=
/o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#984806">For case b (per=
 Daniele), I think we are only concerned about VNC-PNC (as 1:1) while how t=
he PNC coordinator deals with its domain PNC controller is
 out of scope of ACTN work in&nbsp; my view.&nbsp; In this case, we are onl=
y dealing with the VNC with the PNC coordinator. &nbsp;Multi-domain coordin=
ation is &#8220;delegated&#8221; to the PNC level. &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#993366">[Dhruv 2]: I am=
 not sure what you mean here?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#993366"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><b><span style=3D"font-fa=
mily:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#993366">YOUNG 2&gt; =
&nbsp;Please see my above comment.
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#984806"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#984806">So I think your=
 point is that the current charter is more or less case a&#8217;s perspecti=
ve.&nbsp; But I think case a is the base-line case to which ACTN work
 should be focused on. Case b is subset of case a. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#993366"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#9933=
66">I am not to sure
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#9933=
66"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#9933=
66">The charter text thus seems more closely related to case (b) where a mu=
lti-domain coordinator interacts with domain controllers (PNC)
 and this function resides with virtual network control function. <o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:10.5pt;line-height:150%"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#9933=
66">[Dhruv 2]: Yes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;</span><b><span style=3D"fon=
t-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#993366">YOUNG 2&=
gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, with an understanding that the [VNC&#43;MD Coordinator=
] is interfacing
 with PNCs in a virtual manner. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&q=
uot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#003300"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&q=
uot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#003300">[Dhruv 3]: we have not used the term &#=
8216;multi-domain coordinator&#8217; in the draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework=
-03; but we use it in charter text, perhaps we can relook into this.
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#993366">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=
=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;color:#984806"><o:p></o:p></span></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"color:#1F4=
97D">Again on multidomain: maybe we could improve the architecture draft sa=
ying is centralized and what is distributed. E.g. VPN prefixes exchange cou=
ld be distributed (controllers speaking
 MP-BGP with each other) while provisioning could be hierarchical (i.e. the=
 coordinator asks controller A to provision a path with domain A and asks c=
ontroller B to provide a path within B so to have an end to end path crossi=
ng domains A and B)&#8230;H-PCE like.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good poi=
nt. I agree that the architecture draft should discuss these dichotomy of c=
ontrol regimes (e.g., centralized vs. distributed). One question I have: ar=
e you assuming the coordinator also speaks
 MP-BGP with lower level PN controllers? If not, would the coordinator need=
 to collect the VPN prefixes using the interface between the coordinator an=
d each PNC (that speaks MP-BGP)? Then can this be viewed as a centralized c=
omponent?
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">[[DanCe]] The scenario=
s that come to my mind are more &#8220;horizontal&#8221;. I would say the e=
ither the nodes speak MP-BGP with each other across the domains&nbsp; (in c=
ase of distributed protocols) or the controllers gets
 the information from its own domain and then speak MP-BGP with the other c=
ontrollers &#8220;on behalf of their domains&#8221;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#993366"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot=
;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#984806">[Dhruv]: I feel=
 this is highly dependent on the physical network controllers, if its a PCE=
 it has its own way to do inter-PCE communication and if the
 controller runs BGP &nbsp;it may directly interact with other controller. =
IMHO the ACTN architecture should not impose any restriction on this intera=
ction, nor make it a pre-requisite as in some case the two controller may n=
ot be able to interact with each other
 directly (different technology, vendor specific NMS etc). <o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#984806"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"line-height:150%"><span style=3D"font-famil=
y:&quot;Candara&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#984806">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I=
 agree with you on this.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&q=
uot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#003300"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&q=
uot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#003300"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&q=
uot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#003300">Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Candara&quot;,&q=
uot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#003300">Dhruv<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE48127951F7ESESSMB301erics_--


From nobody Wed Oct  1 06:22:23 2014
Return-Path: <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4E75E1A03F9 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 06:22:19 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -4.201
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.201 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id KWJO3Zz85q-N for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 06:22:09 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from sesbmg22.ericsson.net (sesbmg22.ericsson.net [193.180.251.48]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 1FEB61A038E for <actn@ietf.org>; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 06:21:54 -0700 (PDT)
X-AuditID: c1b4fb30-f79736d0000053b8-05-542bfff1c013
Received: from ESESSHC017.ericsson.se (Unknown_Domain [153.88.253.124]) by sesbmg22.ericsson.net (Symantec Mail Security) with SMTP id 0D.C0.21432.1FFFB245; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 15:21:53 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from ESESSMB301.ericsson.se ([169.254.1.79]) by ESESSHC017.ericsson.se ([153.88.183.69]) with mapi id 14.03.0174.001; Wed, 1 Oct 2014 15:21:53 +0200
From: Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>
To: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, LUIS MIGUEL CONTRERAS MURILLO <luismiguel.contrerasmurillo@telefonica.com>, "adrian@olddog.co.uk" <adrian@olddog.co.uk>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [Actn] ACTN architecture and interfaces
Thread-Index: Ac/cDiPXMQFQG+jkRVKDqJnlOJCGwQAAHQEAAAY44bAAAgn18AACmsogAE/OlsA=
Date: Wed, 1 Oct 2014 13:21:53 +0000
Message-ID: <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279525E@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se>
References: <03bc01cfdc0e$2c346d80$849d4880$@olddog.co.uk> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3ABB3@dfweml706-chm> <67fc7b199bea4c9f836686a244c6a920@DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3AE27@dfweml706-chm> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3AE44@dfweml706-chm>
In-Reply-To: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3AE44@dfweml706-chm>
Accept-Language: it-IT, en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [153.88.183.17]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Brightmail-Tracker: H4sIAAAAAAAAA+NgFupgkeLIzCtJLcpLzFFi42KZGfG3Rvfjf+0Qgx2d8hZbei6wWfzoucFs 8enhJWaLafNcLc49n8HmwOqxc9Zddo+WI29ZPZYs+cnksWLzSkaPzt/MAaxRXDYpqTmZZalF +nYJXBkvrnxlKfhQUrGku5e5gfFDYRcjJ4eEgInEs7+TmSFsMYkL99azdTFycQgJHGWU+H3l CDuEs4hR4tKiFqAMBwebgJXEk0M+IHERgQOMEgcfHWEE6WYWUJG4dWw5C4gtDDT1zfpesKki AqYS+3ffYISw/SS+3//MBGKzANXfu/4SrIZXwFdiZ9s8Zohl25kk7m3eBFbEKeAq8XLSXXYQ m1FAVmLC7kVQy8Qlbj2ZzwRxtoDEkj3noV4QlXj5+B8ryKESAooSy/vlQExmAU2J9bv0IToV JaZ0P2SHWCsocXLmE5YJjGKzkAydhdAxC0nHLCQdCxhZVjGKFqcWJ+WmGxnppRZlJhcX5+fp 5aWWbGIERt3BLb8NdjC+fO54iFGAg1GJhzdhhnaIEGtiWXFl7iFGaQ4WJXHehefmBQsJpCeW pGanphakFsUXleakFh9iZOLglGpgVLRR6tdX/aA/Td3n0iN22Sk7Vum2/r3UGSL2dtWyst+X Dj53PLWE/Zqk74P6GwaLd27w4rZ/4PDr/0He8KBq3Ry5M3kPb9a+b+2aVJT9PPrBnOWv7n8p rHM78DMuxT34x537jGpbWvyvPOBzeBX4r2zyvPNzrworunhzOnYt1nPOPeM7b809FiWW4oxE Qy3mouJEAAPPhOqbAgAA
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/nw0Il0_lC9qikocUobUrViHML_U
Cc: 'Alia Atlas' <akatlas@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] ACTN architecture and interfaces
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 01 Oct 2014 13:22:19 -0000
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From nobody Wed Oct  1 10:08:05 2014
Return-Path: <leeyoung@huawei.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 11E8A1A1A62 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 10:07:50 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -3.987
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-3.987 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HK_RANDOM_ENVFROM=0.001, HK_RANDOM_FROM=0.999, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id AUH7nMmoYOdz for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 10:07:46 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from lhrrgout.huawei.com (lhrrgout.huawei.com [194.213.3.17]) (using TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id B17201A1A72 for <actn@ietf.org>; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 10:07:45 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from 172.18.7.190 (EHLO lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com) ([172.18.7.190]) by lhrrg02-dlp.huawei.com (MOS 4.3.7-GA FastPath queued) with ESMTP id BKD07995; Wed, 01 Oct 2014 17:07:44 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from DFWEML705-CHM.china.huawei.com (10.193.5.142) by lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com (10.201.5.218) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.158.1; Wed, 1 Oct 2014 18:07:43 +0100
Received: from DFWEML706-CHM.china.huawei.com ([10.193.5.225]) by dfweml705-chm ([10.193.5.142]) with mapi id 14.03.0158.001; Wed, 1 Oct 2014 10:07:40 -0700
From: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>
To: Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "LUIS MIGUEL CONTRERAS MURILLO" <luismiguel.contrerasmurillo@telefonica.com>, "adrian@olddog.co.uk" <adrian@olddog.co.uk>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [Actn] ACTN architecture and interfaces
Thread-Index: Ac/cDiPXMQFQG+jkRVKDqJnlOJCGwQAAHQEAAAY44bAAAgn18AACmsogAE/OlsAAB9bZcA==
Date: Wed, 1 Oct 2014 17:07:39 +0000
Message-ID: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3B42A@dfweml706-chm>
References: <03bc01cfdc0e$2c346d80$849d4880$@olddog.co.uk> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3ABB3@dfweml706-chm> <67fc7b199bea4c9f836686a244c6a920@DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3AE27@dfweml706-chm> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3AE44@dfweml706-chm> <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279525E@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se>
In-Reply-To: <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279525E@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [10.47.129.149]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-CFilter-Loop: Reflected
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/TZCbFFJYs8k-PeGw0R9GhJ-XfOw
Cc: 'Alia Atlas' <akatlas@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] ACTN architecture and interfaces
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 01 Oct 2014 17:07:50 -0000
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From nobody Wed Oct  1 10:24:10 2014
Return-Path: <luismiguel.contrerasmurillo@telefonica.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4C1C31A1A79 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 10:07:33 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.687
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.687 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE=-0.0001, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id gB1gY7bYZY2l for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 10:07:28 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from smtptc.telefonica.com (smtptc.telefonica.com [195.76.34.108]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id BCF8E1A1A62 for <actn@ietf.org>; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 10:07:27 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from smtptc.telefonica.com (unknown [127.0.0.1]) by IMSVA (Postfix) with ESMTP id BD57760161; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 19:07:24 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from ESTGVMSP111.EUROPE.telefonica.corp (unknown [10.92.4.9]) (using TLSv1 with cipher AES128-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtptc.telefonica.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id A1ADD60164; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 19:07:24 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from emea01-am1-obe.outbound.protection.outlook.com (10.92.5.139) by tls.telefonica.com (10.92.6.54) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.195.1; Wed, 1 Oct 2014 19:07:24 +0200
Received: from DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com (10.242.192.23) by DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com (10.242.192.23) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1039.15; Wed, 1 Oct 2014 17:07:22 +0000
Received: from DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com ([10.242.192.23]) by DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com ([10.242.192.23]) with mapi id 15.00.1039.011; Wed, 1 Oct 2014 17:07:22 +0000
From: LUIS MIGUEL CONTRERAS MURILLO <luismiguel.contrerasmurillo@telefonica.com>
To: Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "adrian@olddog.co.uk" <adrian@olddog.co.uk>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [Actn] ACTN architecture and interfaces
Thread-Index: Ac/cDiPXMQFQG+jkRVKDqJnlOJCGwQAAHQEAAAY44bAAAgn18AACmsogAE/OlsAAB+zecA==
Date: Wed, 1 Oct 2014 17:07:22 +0000
Message-ID: <153bbb418eee47e484f2657ce925bdb4@DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com>
References: <03bc01cfdc0e$2c346d80$849d4880$@olddog.co.uk> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3ABB3@dfweml706-chm> <67fc7b199bea4c9f836686a244c6a920@DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3AE27@dfweml706-chm> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3AE44@dfweml706-chm> <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279525E@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se>
In-Reply-To: <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279525E@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se>
Accept-Language: es-ES, en-US
Content-Language: es-ES
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-ms-exchange-transport-fromentityheader: Hosted
x-originating-ip: [195.235.92.27]
x-microsoft-antispam: BCL:0;PCL:0;RULEID:;SRVR:DB4PR06MB576;
x-forefront-prvs: 0351D213B3
x-forefront-antispam-report: SFV:NSPM; SFS:(10019020)(6009001)(199003)(164054003)(377454003)(189002)(51914003)(13464003)(51704005)(2656002)(76482002)(97736003)(99396003)(31966008)(74316001)(66066001)(107046002)(86362001)(15202345003)(76576001)(21056001)(20776003)(46102003)(92566001)(120916001)(33646002)(19580395003)(10300001)(19580405001)(87936001)(95666004)(50986999)(106356001)(105586002)(85306004)(76176999)(80022003)(561944003)(2501002)(101416001)(93886004)(4396001)(108616004)(54356999)(85852003)(2201001)(15975445006)(64706001)(16351025005)(24736002); DIR:OUT; SFP:1102; SCL:1; SRVR:DB4PR06MB576; H:DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com; FPR:; MLV:sfv; PTR:InfoNoRecords; A:1; MX:1; LANG:en; 
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-OriginatorOrg: telefonica.com
X-TM-AS-MML: No
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/pKvpfg-SHbZ28qTa77oqXlT_hUo
X-Mailman-Approved-At: Wed, 01 Oct 2014 10:24:03 -0700
Cc: 'Alia Atlas' <akatlas@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] ACTN architecture and interfaces
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 01 Oct 2014 17:07:33 -0000
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From nobody Wed Oct  1 10:24:11 2014
Return-Path: <luismiguel.contrerasmurillo@telefonica.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AEBF61A1A72 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 10:11:40 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.687
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.687 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE=-0.0001, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id df8iaNHaqL1W for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 10:11:37 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from smtptc.telefonica.com (smtptc.telefonica.com [195.76.34.108]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 80CB91A1A79 for <actn@ietf.org>; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 10:11:36 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from smtptc.telefonica.com (unknown [127.0.0.1]) by IMSVA (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5CCF33A02B0; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 19:11:34 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from ESTGVMSP102.EUROPE.telefonica.corp (unknown [10.92.4.9]) (using TLSv1 with cipher AES128-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtptc.telefonica.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 3EEA83A021E; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 19:11:34 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from emea01-db3-obe.outbound.protection.outlook.com (10.92.5.139) by tls.telefonica.com (10.93.6.49) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.195.1; Wed, 1 Oct 2014 19:11:33 +0200
Received: from DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com (10.242.192.23) by DB4PR06MB575.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com (10.242.192.156) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1039.15; Wed, 1 Oct 2014 17:11:31 +0000
Received: from DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com ([10.242.192.23]) by DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com ([10.242.192.23]) with mapi id 15.00.1039.011; Wed, 1 Oct 2014 17:11:31 +0000
From: LUIS MIGUEL CONTRERAS MURILLO <luismiguel.contrerasmurillo@telefonica.com>
To: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "adrian@olddog.co.uk" <adrian@olddog.co.uk>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [Actn] ACTN architecture and interfaces
Thread-Index: Ac/cDiPXMQFQG+jkRVKDqJnlOJCGwQAAHQEAAAY44bAAAgn18AACmsogAE/OlsAAB9bZcAAAdFvw
Date: Wed, 1 Oct 2014 17:11:30 +0000
Message-ID: <0749871d2e8d43bcb3db40c6c0efe174@DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com>
References: <03bc01cfdc0e$2c346d80$849d4880$@olddog.co.uk> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3ABB3@dfweml706-chm> <67fc7b199bea4c9f836686a244c6a920@DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3AE27@dfweml706-chm> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3AE44@dfweml706-chm> <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279525E@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3B42A@dfweml706-chm>
In-Reply-To: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3B42A@dfweml706-chm>
Accept-Language: es-ES, en-US
Content-Language: es-ES
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-ms-exchange-transport-fromentityheader: Hosted
x-originating-ip: [195.235.92.27]
x-microsoft-antispam: BCL:0;PCL:0;RULEID:;SRVR:DB4PR06MB575;
x-forefront-prvs: 0351D213B3
x-forefront-antispam-report: SFV:NSPM; SFS:(10019020)(6009001)(51704005)(199003)(189002)(164054003)(13464003)(51914003)(377454003)(2501002)(93886004)(95666004)(31966008)(76576001)(105586002)(108616004)(76176999)(92566001)(19580405001)(85306004)(33646002)(85852003)(21056001)(4396001)(561944003)(107046002)(97736003)(86362001)(87936001)(20776003)(76482002)(15202345003)(15975445006)(50986999)(99396003)(80022003)(54356999)(120916001)(101416001)(46102003)(19580395003)(66066001)(106356001)(2656002)(74316001)(64706001)(2201001)(10300001)(16351025005)(24736002); DIR:OUT; SFP:1102; SCL:1; SRVR:DB4PR06MB575; H:DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com; FPR:; MLV:sfv; PTR:InfoNoRecords; A:1; MX:1; LANG:en; 
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-OriginatorOrg: telefonica.com
X-TM-AS-MML: No
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/j2dbyiw3gD05-CA_iKyfBM1_XHY
X-Mailman-Approved-At: Wed, 01 Oct 2014 10:24:03 -0700
Cc: 'Alia Atlas' <akatlas@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] ACTN architecture and interfaces
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 01 Oct 2014 17:11:40 -0000
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From nobody Wed Oct  1 14:30:41 2014
Return-Path: <adrian@olddog.co.uk>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 61AC51A87A0 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 14:30:40 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -101.9
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-101.9 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE=-0.0001, USER_IN_WHITELIST=-100] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id BPjYOVYRndNd for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 14:30:38 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from asmtp2.iomartmail.com (asmtp2.iomartmail.com [62.128.201.249]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id A18C31A8785 for <actn@ietf.org>; Wed,  1 Oct 2014 14:30:37 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from asmtp2.iomartmail.com (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by asmtp2.iomartmail.com (8.13.8/8.13.8) with ESMTP id s91LUZcu004526 for <actn@ietf.org>; Wed, 1 Oct 2014 22:30:35 +0100
Received: from 950129200 (dsl-sp-81-140-15-32.in-addr.broadbandscope.com [81.140.15.32]) (authenticated bits=0) by asmtp2.iomartmail.com (8.13.8/8.13.8) with ESMTP id s91LUYq6004511 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) for <actn@ietf.org>; Wed, 1 Oct 2014 22:30:35 +0100
From: "Adrian Farrel" <adrian@olddog.co.uk>
To: <actn@ietf.org>
Date: Wed, 1 Oct 2014 22:30:30 +0100
Message-ID: <05a601cfddbe$ed404290$c7c0c7b0$@olddog.co.uk>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook 14.0
Thread-Index: Ac/dvoWVlq06fmtAQTm+5s7d1ArLlw==
Content-Language: en-gb
X-TM-AS-MML: disable
X-TM-AS-Product-Ver: IMSS-7.1.0.1576-7.5.0.1018-20990.002
X-TM-AS-Result: No--8.650-10.0-31-10
X-imss-scan-details: No--8.650-10.0-31-10
X-TMASE-MatchedRID: wLt3kJ89u3SzfJHjQEw6opgGnz93PV93fKhbGg458tYBFRtyGdlCPYAK +rz+ag5s4FD3otNxTUMT5cyA1VC63SddkOzhns20W7gz/Gbgpl6imsR6hkcJArVO55U6WlFG079 j1EwNbJSt0M0aWIRkrC9r+L3LjrGVAM0/G7XUdeO8coKUcaOOvcyZqgcnwGktcVdapPIqr6jaCW ywau8mxrcB9zXNR8lBT+iqlK6IZ42ceiJYn/DsxvnCl+sgkNd7GWAN/II9wcSHwGEm+CpYGcRko eJ3OFRcFazsH9aUpcaRk6XtYogiarQ/aqQZTRfKC24oEZ6SpSkj80Za3RRg8FMeiU+gmSJ7zXfU SK+hAnvhDY97cGEJ2LIKiND6b8/4KCLLs5ecoDY=
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/wrbzLOfVWY0R8_MxjXC2IClQVbE
Subject: [Actn] ACTN BoF approved for IETF-91
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
Reply-To: adrian@olddog.co.uk
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 01 Oct 2014 21:30:40 -0000

Hi,

The IESG and IAB met today to discuss all of the BoF proposals, and we have
approved ACTN meeting at IETF-91.

The meeting will be chaired by Young Lee and Daniele Ceccarelli (thanks!) and
Dan King will provide admin and secretarial support.
Erik Nordmark has agreed to provide help as IAB BoF Shepherd.

This is good news, but now the real work starts! We must not leave this until
the BoF itself: we must get things moving soon.

I will be working with Young and Daniele to help them deliver what I need to see
coming out of the BoF. In the meantime, this mailing list needs to ramp up and
start working on a number of issues...

- Please re-read the proposed WG charter and say what you think
  about it. Please comment about good things and bad things.

- Please look at the very rough agenda on the BoF wiki and let the
   chairs know (on this list) about things you think should be 
   discussed as well.

- If you are an author of one of the ACTN drafts, please look at it
  to see what needs to be updated. Is it consistent with the most
  recent version of the framework? Did you pick up all of the
  comments made in Toronto?

- Please review some of the top-level documents (framework,
   problem statement) and comment on the list.

- Are there other I-Ds needed? What could you contribute?

Thanks,
Adrian


From nobody Tue Oct  7 07:45:44 2014
Return-Path: <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F163F1ACDC7 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue,  7 Oct 2014 07:45:39 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -4.201
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.201 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id kt17On0kymQK for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue,  7 Oct 2014 07:45:36 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from sessmg23.ericsson.net (sessmg23.ericsson.net [193.180.251.45]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id AF8B71ACDB1 for <actn@ietf.org>; Tue,  7 Oct 2014 07:45:35 -0700 (PDT)
X-AuditID: c1b4fb2d-f793d6d000005356-5a-5433fc8dfb7a
Received: from ESESSHC002.ericsson.se (Unknown_Domain [153.88.253.124]) by sessmg23.ericsson.net (Symantec Mail Security) with SMTP id 14.CC.21334.D8CF3345; Tue,  7 Oct 2014 16:45:33 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from ESESSMB301.ericsson.se ([169.254.1.79]) by ESESSHC002.ericsson.se ([153.88.183.24]) with mapi id 14.03.0174.001; Tue, 7 Oct 2014 16:45:33 +0200
From: Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>
To: "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: New Non-WG Mailing List: Rtg-yang-coord
Thread-Index: Ac/iPUtd9S3uH8FqQtmB+Z6raktFvQ==
Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2014 14:45:33 +0000
Message-ID: <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE4812799CF8@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se>
Accept-Language: it-IT, en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [153.88.183.17]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Brightmail-Tracker: H4sIAAAAAAAAA+NgFtrDLMWRmVeSWpSXmKPExsUyM+JvjW7vH+MQgxcNBhZbei6wOTB6LFny kymAMYrLJiU1J7MstUjfLoEr48H3Y4wFRzgrbtz7yN7A2MrRxcjBISFgIrFhpV0XIyeQKSZx 4d56ti5GLg4hgaOMEge+NzFCOIsYJSZt+sIO0sAmYCXx5JAPSIOIgLLE4sN/2EBsYaA5X5Ys YQYpEREwlZj2MweiRE/i6faDYCUsAioSHff62UFsXgFfiUXTGsDijAKyEhN2L2IEsZkFxCVu PZnPBHGPgMSSPeeZIWxRiZeP/7FCnKwosbxfDqJcR2LB7k9sELa2xLKFr5khxgtKnJz5hGUC o/AsJFNnIWmZhaRlFpKWBYwsqxhFi1OLi3PTjYz1Uosyk4uL8/P08lJLNjECg/vglt+6OxhX v3Y8xCjAwajEw6vgaRwixJpYVlyZe4hRmoNFSZx30bl5wUIC6YklqdmpqQWpRfFFpTmpxYcY mTg4pRoY6+4onG/f7/r17NSWi5+CGTpym97bqh/8tMKy5dzb1s7JF40vV2d1bL4qzcIn3cl3 xPX2h4R9d7Z3Ld0uXXNnSc/BlIWm7s/tmg/q/j1Ymxf01K/XMW974HylpsWnyyYFxqqfztmp bnX/xq6brBlaUzvLGhZobFoqoX992+ebL6zyHmcI7OdfosRSnJFoqMVcVJwIAI0w2AhPAgAA
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/pKZF9tvvjH6E3zmohnjiqpIBy5U
Subject: [Actn] FW: New Non-WG Mailing List: Rtg-yang-coord
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 07 Oct 2014 14:45:40 -0000

FYI

-----Original Message-----
From: IETF-Announce [mailto:ietf-announce-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of IE=
TF Secretariat
Sent: Monday, October 06, 2014 6:33 PM
To: IETF Announcement List
Cc: jhaas@juniper.net; jeff.tantsura@ericsson.com; rtg-yang-coord@ietf.org
Subject: New Non-WG Mailing List: Rtg-yang-coord=20

A new IETF non-working group email list has been created.

List address: rtg-yang-coord@ietf.org
Archive: http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/rtg-yang-coord/
To subscribe: https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rtg-yang-coord

Purpose:

The rtg-yang-coord mailing list will provide a forum for coordination of th=
e development of YANG models being worked on for Routing, in order to provi=
de a consistent view to the NMS. The intended participants are people activ=
e in Routing working groups and interested in the associated YANG models, a=
nd YANG experts assisting with Routing YANG models. While this list will he=
lp with the synchronization, WGs with responsibility for core routing proto=
cols are expected to also be responsible for the development of YANG models=
 for those protocols.=20


For additional information, please contact the list administrators.


From nobody Wed Oct  8 05:33:54 2014
Return-Path: <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0AF031A033C for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  8 Oct 2014 05:33:53 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.685
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.685 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id b9pP8n5cebdV for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  8 Oct 2014 05:33:50 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from smtp-fr.alcatel-lucent.com (fr-hpida-esg-02.alcatel-lucent.com [135.245.210.21]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id C513A1A033B for <actn@ietf.org>; Wed,  8 Oct 2014 05:33:49 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from fr712usmtp2.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com (unknown [135.239.2.42]) by Websense Email Security Gateway with ESMTPS id 407BC4BFF8D2E; Wed,  8 Oct 2014 12:33:44 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from FR712WXCHHUB03.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com (fr712wxchhub03.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com [135.239.2.74]) by fr712usmtp2.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com (GMO) with ESMTP id s98CXjUw005193 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=FAIL); Wed, 8 Oct 2014 14:33:47 +0200
Received: from FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com ([169.254.1.228]) by FR712WXCHHUB03.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com ([135.239.2.74]) with mapi id 14.03.0195.001; Wed, 8 Oct 2014 14:33:46 +0200
From: "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>
To: "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1w==
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2014 12:33:45 +0000
Message-ID: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com>
Accept-Language: it-IT, en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [135.239.27.38]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764FR711WXCHMBA05z_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/Uik9AIHeDaH1WHlRYsynElhHE2s
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>, "BELOTTI, SERGIO \(SERGIO\)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 08 Oct 2014 12:33:53 -0000

--_000_B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764FR711WXCHMBA05z_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,

I read you Framework draft and I have some comments on that. Most are edito=
rial , other questions for clarifications.

General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarc=
hical level of controllers or linked to the multi-domain aspect that compel=
 to provide to the customer a single virtualized network even if composed b=
y real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the "virtualizer =
function" provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be insi=
de directly the PNC , correct?

Section 2 , page 4:
abstraction does not imply automatically virtualization,while virtualizatio=
n implies to have surely a certain form of abstraction. I would suggest to =
consider good definition contained into ONF SDN architecture document chapt=
er 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition =
can help all the reading.

Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects that are more related to p=
olicy like admission control  and guarantee of client isolation with real c=
omputational issue like Computing time , path constrains or re-optimization=
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager

Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the different control interfac=
e presented in figure 5, I'm a bit confused as to what I/F E is - data plan=
e interface to provider physical network? Or is the intention to provide wh=
at can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from ne=
twork provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor=
 clear to me the intention


Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of potential NW topology between =
a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirecti=
onal I guess

Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: "PCA abstracts the physical network topology =
into an abstracted topology" Looking at the description of VNC components i=
n 6.2.2 it is the resource manager devoting to provide abstract topology. D=
oes not exist any PCA component.



Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2=
 phase 8

Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC and PNC


Thanks

Sergio




--_000_B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764FR711WXCHMBA05z_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"=
>
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
p.MsoCommentText, li.MsoCommentText, div.MsoCommentText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text Char";
	margin-top:0cm;
	margin-right:0cm;
	margin-bottom:10.0pt;
	margin-left:0cm;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char";
	margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:10.5pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
span.EmailStyle17
	{mso-style-type:personal-compose;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.CommentTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Comment Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text";}
span.PlainTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text";
	font-family:"Courier New";}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
	margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"IT" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Hi Daniele , Young and all auth=
ors,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">I read you Framework draft and =
I have some comments on that. Most are editorial , other questions for clar=
ifications.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">General question: in the draft =
the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarchical level of controllers or l=
inked to the multi-domain aspect that compel to provide to the customer a s=
ingle virtualized network even if composed
 by real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the &#8220;virt=
ualizer function&#8221; provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context=
 could be inside directly the PNC , correct?
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Section 2 , page 4: <o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">abstraction does not imply auto=
matically virtualization,while virtualization implies to have surely a cert=
ain form of abstraction. I would suggest to consider good definition contai=
ned into ONF SDN architecture document
 chapter 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good defin=
ition can help all the reading.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Section 5: It seems to me you m=
ixed here aspects that are more related to policy like admission control &n=
bsp;and guarantee of client isolation with real computational issue like Co=
mputing time , path constrains or re-optimization
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Section 6.1 : while it is clear=
 the scope of the different control interface presented in figure 5, I&#821=
7;m a bit confused as to what I/F E is &#8211; data plane interface to prov=
ider physical network? Or is the intention to provide
 what can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from=
 network provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? =
Nor clear to me the intention<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Section 6.1, always figure=
 5: If a report of potential NW topology between a VNC and a CNC can be que=
ried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirectional I guess<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28=
: &#8220;PCA abstracts the physical network topology into an abstracted top=
ology&#8221; Looking at the description of VNC components in 6.2.2 it is th=
e resource manager devoting to provide abstract
 topology. Does not exist any PCA component.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In=
 the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2 phase 8<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Page 30 : It is Interface =
C not B , between VNC and PNC<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Thanks<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Sergio<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764FR711WXCHMBA05z_--


From nobody Wed Oct  8 08:34:55 2014
Return-Path: <leeyoung@huawei.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id A03501A6F15 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  8 Oct 2014 08:34:53 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -3.986
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-3.986 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HK_RANDOM_ENVFROM=0.001, HK_RANDOM_FROM=0.999, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id zYY6J48hNwxP for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  8 Oct 2014 08:34:49 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from lhrrgout.huawei.com (lhrrgout.huawei.com [194.213.3.17]) (using TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 79BA51A6F6F for <actn@ietf.org>; Wed,  8 Oct 2014 08:34:47 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from 172.18.7.190 (EHLO lhreml401-hub.china.huawei.com) ([172.18.7.190]) by lhrrg02-dlp.huawei.com (MOS 4.3.7-GA FastPath queued) with ESMTP id BKI56257; Wed, 08 Oct 2014 15:34:44 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from DFWEML703-CHM.china.huawei.com (10.193.5.130) by lhreml401-hub.china.huawei.com (10.201.5.240) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.158.1; Wed, 8 Oct 2014 16:34:43 +0100
Received: from DFWEML706-CHM.china.huawei.com ([10.193.5.225]) by dfweml703-chm ([10.193.5.130]) with mapi id 14.03.0158.001; Wed, 8 Oct 2014 08:34:35 -0700
From: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>
To: "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQ
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2014 15:34:34 +0000
Message-ID: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com>
In-Reply-To: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [10.47.135.207]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87Bdfweml706chm_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-CFilter-Loop: Reflected
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/03FE8eex925DwZjyajsgGkUSgog
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 08 Oct 2014 15:34:53 -0000

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87Bdfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Sergio,

Thanks for your feedback on the framework document. Please see in-line for =
my comment.

Regards,
Young

From: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM
To: actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; Leeyoung; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmai=
l.com
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,

I read you Framework draft and I have some comments on that. Most are edito=
rial , other questions for clarifications.

General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarc=
hical level of controllers or linked to the multi-domain aspect that compel=
 to provide to the customer a single virtualized network even if composed b=
y real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the "virtualizer =
function" provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be insi=
de directly the PNC , correct?

YOUNG>> Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. For a single domain context, =
the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we need to factor in other scenario=
s such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a sof=
tware function that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opin=
ion, even for a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this inte=
rface as a standard interface.

Section 2 , page 4:
abstraction does not imply automatically virtualization,while virtualizatio=
n implies to have surely a certain form of abstraction. I would suggest to =
consider good definition contained into ONF SDN architecture document chapt=
er 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition =
can help all the reading.

YOUNG>> Agree. We will look into the mentioned document if the usage of ter=
ms are aligned with this document. If not, we will clarify the terminology =
more clearly.

Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects that are more related to p=
olicy like admission control  and guarantee of client isolation with real c=
omputational issue like Computing time , path constrains or re-optimization=
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager.

YOUNG>> Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some notes on the aspect of real-=
time related from non real time aspect. VNM is not to be mixed with Virtual=
 Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm which is known as Virtual Networ=
k Mapping which is a software module that converts client requests into act=
ual networks. Virtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a deve=
loped concept from VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefull=
y on this aspect what Virtual Network Manager is doing.

Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the different control interfac=
e presented in figure 5, I'm a bit confused as to what I/F E is - data plan=
e interface to provider physical network? Or is the intention to provide wh=
at can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from ne=
twork provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor=
 clear to me the intention

YOUNG>> Interface E is not what ACTN will focus on. It simply shows  an und=
erlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provider co=
ntroller, and the mapping to real physical resources.


Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of potential NW topology between =
a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirecti=
onal I guess

YOUNG>> Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.

Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: "PCA abstracts the physical network topology =
into an abstracted topology" Looking at the description of VNC components i=
n 6.2.2 it is the resource manager devoting to provide abstract topology. D=
oes not exist any PCA component.



YOUNG>> Sorry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as t=
he Resource Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!



Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2=
 phase 8

YOUNG>> Thanks. Good catch!

Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC and PNC

YOUNG>> If you are referring to Section 7.3 where:

   Interfaces should also be scalable as a large amount of data needs

   to be transported across customers to virtual network controllers

   and across virtual network controllers and physical network

   controllers.



I think this implies both interfaces B and C although primarily between VNC=
-PNC.


Thanks

Sergio




--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87Bdfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"=
>
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
p.MsoCommentText, li.MsoCommentText, div.MsoCommentText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text Char";
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:10.0pt;
	margin-left:0in;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:10.5pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
span.CommentTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Comment Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text";}
span.PlainTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text";
	font-family:"Courier New";}
span.EmailStyle21
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle22
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Sergio,<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your feedba=
ck on the framework document. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> BELOTTI,=
 SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; Leeyoung; diego@tid.es; luyua=
nf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I read you Framework draft and I have some comments =
on that. Most are editorial , other questions for clarifications.<o:p></o:p=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is=
 in the view of hierarchical level of controllers or linked to the multi-do=
main aspect that compel to provide to the customer a single virtualized net=
work even if composed by real multi-domain
 multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the &#8220;virtualizer function&#822=
1; provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be inside dire=
ctly the PNC , correct?
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. =
For a single domain context, the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we nee=
d to factor in other scenarios such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from =
PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a software function
 that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opinion, even for =
a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this interface as a sta=
ndard interface.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 2 , page 4: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">abstraction does not imply automatically virtualizat=
ion,while virtualization implies to have surely a certain form of abstracti=
on. I would suggest to consider good definition contained into ONF SDN arch=
itecture document chapter 2.3 Conventions
 about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition can help all the r=
eading.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. We will look into the mentioned=
 document if the usage of terms are aligned with this document. If not, we =
will clarify the terminology more clearly.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects tha=
t are more related to policy like admission control &nbsp;and guarantee of =
client isolation with real computational issue like Computing time , path c=
onstrains or re-optimization process. Moreover
 the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit misleading since this te=
rm in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual Network Manager.<o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some=
 notes on the aspect of real-time related from non real time aspect. VNM is=
 not to be mixed with Virtual Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm whi=
ch is known as Virtual Network Mapping which
 is a software module that converts client requests into actual networks. V=
irtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a developed concept f=
rom VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefully on this aspec=
t what Virtual Network Manager is
 doing. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the dif=
ferent control interface presented in figure 5, I&#8217;m a bit confused as=
 to what I/F E is &#8211; data plane interface to provider physical network=
? Or is the intention to provide what can be the
 underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provide=
r controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor clear to me =
the intention<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Interface E is not what ACTN will focu=
s on. It simply shows &nbsp;an underlying model of resources allocated to a=
 customer from network provider controller, and the mapping to real physica=
l resources.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of po=
tential NW topology between a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in t=
he drawn has to be bidirectional I guess<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: &#8220;PCA abstract=
s the physical network topology into an abstracted topology&#8221; Looking =
at the description of VNC components in 6.2.2 it is the resource manager de=
voting to provide abstract topology. Does not
 exist any PCA component.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; So=
rry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as the Resourc=
e Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is=
 no phase 7, and there are 2 phase 8<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Thanks. Good catch!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC=
 and PNC<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">YOUNG&gt;&gt; If you are referring to Section 7.3=
 where: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interfaces should also be scala=
ble as a large amount of data needs<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; to be transported across customers t=
o virtual network controllers<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; and across virtual network controlle=
rs and physical network<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; controllers.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">I think this implies both interfaces B and C alth=
ough primarily between VNC-PNC.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Sergio<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87Bdfweml706chm_--


From nobody Wed Oct  8 11:06:13 2014
Return-Path: <dhruv.ietf@gmail.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 508B31ACD8F for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  8 Oct 2014 11:06:10 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9,  DKIM_SIGNED=0.1, DKIM_VALID=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_AU=-0.1, FREEMAIL_FROM=0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id b5eNUrM8SeHr for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  8 Oct 2014 11:06:08 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from mail-ig0-x231.google.com (mail-ig0-x231.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4001:c05::231]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id DD9EA1A702A for <actn@ietf.org>; Wed,  8 Oct 2014 11:06:07 -0700 (PDT)
Received: by mail-ig0-f177.google.com with SMTP id a13so9685501igq.4 for <actn@ietf.org>; Wed, 08 Oct 2014 11:06:07 -0700 (PDT)
DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20120113;  h=mime-version:sender:date:message-id:subject:from:to:content-type;  bh=bSM9nWGsz359gz1ZsNTW3uKPDDhn9vIGnHVnaeFQI80=; b=Mz6HzkVDFjSZcDpLzhrbGH2i9rKwrzi1N54fshJx2iBaBs9bVIIgNG/Et0cdgJZfjQ qy6YtgyYsqIEHJrBw88/qva/xMkJW9UIwYg8d9Q4k82G6bGV1R2iKKui/vBzaP4TKp0N crPlt6QnxXA1+ZU7KqfD6q3YzArhUt8mFlhMubzzt8SEYfv4MxhbGJDrIkILYgpDXOFG gHhd1feEs0mt9aZFCcaPMk9E5tDSOi4UoL9W3hVJnUZZq8z3W+2XNQZGD9OtP/sCJbLM FZHfhAcPbeodlcnn42BPrJ4f3Lv0xO3nPHxuF1sT4Eqi2Zu3ZFnwNhbB21yga57hkY1/ 6TmA==
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Received: by 10.50.85.38 with SMTP id e6mr44755848igz.5.1412791567146; Wed, 08 Oct 2014 11:06:07 -0700 (PDT)
Sender: dhruvdhody@gmail.com
X-Google-Sender-Delegation: dhruvdhody@gmail.com
Received: by 10.50.90.105 with HTTP; Wed, 8 Oct 2014 11:06:07 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2014 23:36:07 +0530
X-Google-Sender-Auth: Jqd_O6D6hJDqiZ0Je63D959X6as
Message-ID: <CAB75xn792Pp2B476JrsMVOt=_gqSdUJROEDCqTv0sDpn2KER5A@mail.gmail.com>
From: Dhruv Dhody <dhruv.ietf@gmail.com>
To: "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/mHUZ5R_4lHzxo8AgyRhyK6SmQBo
Subject: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 08 Oct 2014 18:06:10 -0000

(1) Sec 1. Terminology
- We should state that the following terms are defined in this document.
- We should also state which terms are borrowed from 4655 and 5440 -
PCE, PCC, PCEP etc

(2) Sec 2. Introduction
OLD:
   This implies that at least the following transport
   networks are in scope of the discussion of this draft: L1 optical
   networks (e.g., OTN and WDM), MPLS-TP, MPLS-TE, as well as other
   emerging connection-oriented networks such as Segment Routing (SR).
NEW:
   This implies that at least the following transport
   networks are in scope of the discussion of this draft: Layer 1 (L1) and
   Layer 0 (L0) optical networks (e.g., OTN, ODU, Och/WSON), MPLS-TP,
   MPLS-TE, as well as other emerging network technologies with
   connection-oriented behavior.
Reason: to align with charter discussion.

(3) Usage of the term 'virtual network element'; here it means generic
element that could be a virtual node/link -

   The level of virtual control
   given to the customers can vary from a tunnel connecting two end-
   points to virtual network elements that consist of a set of virtual
   nodes and virtual links in a mesh network topology.

Later, it is also used to mean only virtual nodes at -

   The level of topology abstraction is expressed in terms of
   the number of virtual network elements (VNEs) and virtual links
   (VLs).

Also it is used for Virtual Network Embedding in section 5.

This usage should be made uniform.

(4) In section 3.1. Customers, it can be clearly stated that we are
dealing with the case of "advanced customers" only in ACTN.

(5) In section 6.2.1. Customer Network Controller, it should be figure
6 and not figure 5 that shows an example physical network topology.

(6) In section 6.2.2. Virtual Network Controller, s/consumer
controller/customer controller/

(7) In section 6.2.3. Physical Network Controller, it says -

      PCE: This is the stateful PCE performing the path computation
        over the physical topology and that provides the vConnection
        agent with the network topology.

is network topology correct? Or should it be network paths (LSPs)? Or both?
Note that in the previous section it says -

     vConnection Agent: This module is in charge of mapping VN setup
        commands into network provisioning requests to the PNC.

which has no mention of network topology.

Do you mean to suggest that the PCE needs to communicate raw or
abstract topology to VNC as well? PCE does not expose such a interface
right now.

Also note that in figure 8,  vConnection Agent doesn't talk to PCE?

(8) In section 6.3. Abstracted Topology Illustration, it should be
figure 6 instead figure 2 is mentioned.

(9) In section 6.4. Workflows of ACTN Control Modules for Virtual
Network Service, it should be figure 8 instead figure 5 is mentioned.

Nits:
- Suggest to follow the new RFC style guide [1] with respect to
ordering of sections etc.
- Expand on first use OTN, WDM, MPLS-TP, MPLS-TE, PCE, TE, TDM....
- Reference to problem statement ID in section 3 is displayed as -
[REF probl stat]
- s/ONC OAM handler/PNC OAM handler [page 21]

Regards,
Dhruv

[1]: http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7322.txt


From nobody Wed Oct  8 12:49:57 2014
Return-Path: <lufang@microsoft.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 087011A019B for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  8 Oct 2014 12:49:56 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -1.902
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-1.902 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, SPF_HELO_PASS=-0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id IoypdqOb58uu for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed,  8 Oct 2014 12:49:52 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from na01-bn1-obe.outbound.protection.outlook.com (mail-bn1bon0760.outbound.protection.outlook.com [IPv6:2a01:111:f400:fc10::1:760]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 106121A026A for <actn@ietf.org>; Wed,  8 Oct 2014 12:49:45 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from BL2PR03MB372.namprd03.prod.outlook.com (10.141.89.15) by BL2PR03MB369.namprd03.prod.outlook.com (10.141.89.12) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1044.10; Wed, 8 Oct 2014 19:49:21 +0000
Received: from BL2PR03MB372.namprd03.prod.outlook.com ([10.141.89.15]) by BL2PR03MB372.namprd03.prod.outlook.com ([10.141.89.15]) with mapi id 15.00.1044.008; Wed, 8 Oct 2014 19:49:22 +0000
From: Luyuan Fang <lufang@microsoft.com>
To: Dhruv Dhody <dhruv.ietf@gmail.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03
Thread-Index: AQHP4yKOkwFq/0PUr02Xo10Td0UkCpwmmZOA
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2014 19:49:21 +0000
Message-ID: <792aafe99cf649cda84ab8ec7e428d81@BL2PR03MB372.namprd03.prod.outlook.com>
References: <CAB75xn792Pp2B476JrsMVOt=_gqSdUJROEDCqTv0sDpn2KER5A@mail.gmail.com>
In-Reply-To: <CAB75xn792Pp2B476JrsMVOt=_gqSdUJROEDCqTv0sDpn2KER5A@mail.gmail.com>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-ms-exchange-transport-fromentityheader: Hosted
x-originating-ip: [173.70.160.102]
x-microsoft-antispam: BCL:0;PCL:0;RULEID:;SRVR:BL2PR03MB369;
x-exchange-antispam-report-test: UriScan:;
x-forefront-prvs: 0358535363
x-forefront-antispam-report: SFV:NSPM; SFS:(10019020)(6009001)(199003)(13464003)(189002)(164054003)(377454003)(92566001)(80022003)(76176999)(85306004)(105586002)(106356001)(107046002)(95666004)(107886001)(40100002)(20776003)(64706001)(31966008)(122556002)(86362001)(74316001)(66066001)(33646002)(2501002)(46102003)(97736003)(50986999)(2656002)(4396001)(21056001)(120916001)(19300405004)(101416001)(19580395003)(15202345003)(87936001)(85852003)(54356999)(106116001)(99396003)(99286002)(86612001)(15975445006)(76576001)(76482002)(230783001)(19580405001)(108616004)(24736002)(562404015); DIR:OUT; SFP:1102; SCL:1; SRVR:BL2PR03MB369; H:BL2PR03MB372.namprd03.prod.outlook.com; FPR:; MLV:sfv; PTR:InfoNoRecords; A:1; MX:1; LANG:en; 
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-OriginatorOrg: microsoft.onmicrosoft.com
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/k1GvV91lZUFJa103pZ8EKupjaGI
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 08 Oct 2014 19:49:56 -0000

Hi Dhruv,

Appreciate for your feedback, very good comments, we should update the draf=
t to align.
And I'm good to replace the old text with the new text that you suggested i=
n Sec 2. Introduction, it is better.

Thanks,
Luyuan

-----Original Message-----
From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dhruv Dhody
Sent: Wednesday, October 8, 2014 2:06 PM
To: actn@ietf.org
Subject: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03

(1) Sec 1. Terminology
- We should state that the following terms are defined in this document.
- We should also state which terms are borrowed from 4655 and 5440 - PCE, P=
CC, PCEP etc

(2) Sec 2. Introduction
OLD:
   This implies that at least the following transport
   networks are in scope of the discussion of this draft: L1 optical
   networks (e.g., OTN and WDM), MPLS-TP, MPLS-TE, as well as other
   emerging connection-oriented networks such as Segment Routing (SR).
NEW:
   This implies that at least the following transport
   networks are in scope of the discussion of this draft: Layer 1 (L1) and
   Layer 0 (L0) optical networks (e.g., OTN, ODU, Och/WSON), MPLS-TP,
   MPLS-TE, as well as other emerging network technologies with
   connection-oriented behavior.
Reason: to align with charter discussion.

(3) Usage of the term 'virtual network element'; here it means generic elem=
ent that could be a virtual node/link -

   The level of virtual control
   given to the customers can vary from a tunnel connecting two end-
   points to virtual network elements that consist of a set of virtual
   nodes and virtual links in a mesh network topology.

Later, it is also used to mean only virtual nodes at -

   The level of topology abstraction is expressed in terms of
   the number of virtual network elements (VNEs) and virtual links
   (VLs).

Also it is used for Virtual Network Embedding in section 5.

This usage should be made uniform.

(4) In section 3.1. Customers, it can be clearly stated that we are dealing=
 with the case of "advanced customers" only in ACTN.

(5) In section 6.2.1. Customer Network Controller, it should be figure
6 and not figure 5 that shows an example physical network topology.

(6) In section 6.2.2. Virtual Network Controller, s/consumer controller/cus=
tomer controller/

(7) In section 6.2.3. Physical Network Controller, it says -

      PCE: This is the stateful PCE performing the path computation
        over the physical topology and that provides the vConnection
        agent with the network topology.

is network topology correct? Or should it be network paths (LSPs)? Or both?
Note that in the previous section it says -

     vConnection Agent: This module is in charge of mapping VN setup
        commands into network provisioning requests to the PNC.

which has no mention of network topology.

Do you mean to suggest that the PCE needs to communicate raw or abstract to=
pology to VNC as well? PCE does not expose such a interface right now.

Also note that in figure 8,  vConnection Agent doesn't talk to PCE?

(8) In section 6.3. Abstracted Topology Illustration, it should be figure 6=
 instead figure 2 is mentioned.

(9) In section 6.4. Workflows of ACTN Control Modules for Virtual Network S=
ervice, it should be figure 8 instead figure 5 is mentioned.

Nits:
- Suggest to follow the new RFC style guide [1] with respect to ordering of=
 sections etc.
- Expand on first use OTN, WDM, MPLS-TP, MPLS-TE, PCE, TE, TDM....
- Reference to problem statement ID in section 3 is displayed as - [REF pro=
bl stat]
- s/ONC OAM handler/PNC OAM handler [page 21]

Regards,
Dhruv

[1]: http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7322.txt

_______________________________________________
ACTN mailing list
ACTN@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn


From nobody Thu Oct  9 02:59:00 2014
Return-Path: <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B13561ACD16 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 02:58:57 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.685
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.685 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id ykbd1eVlxdJD for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 02:58:53 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from smtp-fr.alcatel-lucent.com (fr-hpida-esg-02.alcatel-lucent.com [135.245.210.21]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id DD3711ACD25 for <actn@ietf.org>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 02:58:52 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from fr712usmtp2.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com (unknown [135.239.2.42]) by Websense Email Security Gateway with ESMTPS id 912258E56A921; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 09:58:47 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from FR712WXCHHUB03.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com (fr712wxchhub03.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com [135.239.2.74]) by fr712usmtp2.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com (GMO) with ESMTP id s999wmig030890 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=FAIL); Thu, 9 Oct 2014 11:58:48 +0200
Received: from FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com ([169.254.1.228]) by FR712WXCHHUB03.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com ([135.239.2.74]) with mapi id 14.03.0195.001; Thu, 9 Oct 2014 11:58:48 +0200
From: "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>
To: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, "Daniele Ceccarelli" <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMA=
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2014 09:58:48 +0000
Message-ID: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm>
In-Reply-To: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm>
Accept-Language: it-IT, en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [135.239.27.38]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16FR711WXCHMBA05z_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/SJQgxUNP-9eTVhO0dbs6Qq4-n2Y
Cc: "BELOTTI, SERGIO \(SERGIO\)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 09 Oct 2014 09:58:57 -0000

--_000_B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16FR711WXCHMBA05z_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Young,

thanks a lot for reply , please see in line just some further clarification

Regards
Sergio



From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.=
es; luyuanf@gmail.com
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Sergio,

Thanks for your feedback on the framework document. Please see in-line for =
my comment.

Regards,
Young

From: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; Leeyoung; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,

I read you Framework draft and I have some comments on that. Most are edito=
rial , other questions for clarifications.

General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarc=
hical level of controllers or linked to the multi-domain aspect that compel=
 to provide to the customer a single virtualized network even if composed b=
y real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the "virtualizer =
function" provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be insi=
de directly the PNC , correct?

YOUNG>> Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. For a single domain context, =
the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we need to factor in other scenario=
s such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a sof=
tware function that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opin=
ion, even for a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this inte=
rface as a standard interface.

Section 2 , page 4:
abstraction does not imply automatically virtualization,while virtualizatio=
n implies to have surely a certain form of abstraction. I would suggest to =
consider good definition contained into ONF SDN architecture document chapt=
er 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition =
can help all the reading.

YOUNG>> Agree. We will look into the mentioned document if the usage of ter=
ms are aligned with this document. If not, we will clarify the terminology =
more clearly.

Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects that are more related to p=
olicy like admission control  and guarantee of client isolation with real c=
omputational issue like Computing time , path constrains or re-optimization=
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager.

YOUNG>> Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some notes on the aspect of real-=
time related from non real time aspect. VNM is not to be mixed with Virtual=
 Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm which is known as Virtual Networ=
k Mapping which is a software module that converts client requests into act=
ual networks. Virtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a deve=
loped concept from VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefull=
y on this aspect what Virtual Network Manager is doing.

SB>>> If I understood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM i=
s strictly related to planning function so I this it is very import point i=
n the context of PNC , I would say

Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the different control interfac=
e presented in figure 5, I'm a bit confused as to what I/F E is - data plan=
e interface to provider physical network? Or is the intention to provide wh=
at can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from ne=
twork provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor=
 clear to me the intention

YOUNG>> Interface E is not what ACTN will focus on. It simply shows  an und=
erlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provider co=
ntroller, and the mapping to real physical resources.

SB>>> So if I interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interfa=
ce to PNC , the figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .


Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of potential NW topology between =
a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirecti=
onal I guess

YOUNG>> Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.

Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: "PCA abstracts the physical network topology =
into an abstracted topology" Looking at the description of VNC components i=
n 6.2.2 it is the resource manager devoting to provide abstract topology. D=
oes not exist any PCA component.



YOUNG>> Sorry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as t=
he Resource Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!



Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2=
 phase 8

YOUNG>> Thanks. Good catch!

Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC and PNC

YOUNG>> If you are referring to Section 7.3 where:

   Interfaces should also be scalable as a large amount of data needs

   to be transported across customers to virtual network controllers

   and across virtual network controllers and physical network

   controllers.



I think this implies both interfaces B and C although primarily between VNC=
-PNC.



SB>>> Sorry Young, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on=
 Interface interaction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interfac=
e between VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C


Thanks

Sergio


Thanks
Sergio

--_000_B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16FR711WXCHMBA05z_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-=
1">
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
p.MsoCommentText, li.MsoCommentText, div.MsoCommentText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text Char";
	margin-top:0cm;
	margin-right:0cm;
	margin-bottom:10.0pt;
	margin-left:0cm;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char";
	margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:10.5pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.CommentTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Comment Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text";}
span.PlainTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text";
	font-family:"Courier New";}
span.EmailStyle21
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle22
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
	margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"IT" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Young,<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">thanks =
a lot for reply , please see in line just some further clarification<o:p></=
o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;fo=
nt-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span =
lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&qu=
ot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; die=
go@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Serg=
io,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks =
for your feedback on the framework document. Please see in-line for my comm=
ent.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards=
,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;fo=
nt-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span =
lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&qu=
ot;sans-serif&quot;"> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [<a href=3D"mailto:sergio.be=
lotti@alcatel-lucent.com">mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Cecc=
arelli; Leeyoung;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Hi Daniele , Young and all auth=
ors,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">I read you Framework draft and =
I have some comments on that. Most are editorial , other questions for clar=
ifications.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">General question: in the draft =
the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarchical level of controllers or l=
inked to the multi-domain aspect that compel to provide to the customer a s=
ingle virtualized network even if composed
 by real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the &#8220;virt=
ualizer function&#8221; provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context=
 could be inside directly the PNC , correct?
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes. That is the =
correct view of VNC. For a single domain context, the VNC can be integrated=
 with PNC. But we need to factor in other scenarios such as 1) VNC vendor m=
ay be different from PNC vendor or 2) VNC
 is a software function that operator may want to operate as its control. I=
n my opinion, even for a single domain, I think there is benefit to define =
this interface as a standard interface.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Section 2 , page 4: <o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">abstraction does not imply auto=
matically virtualization,while virtualization implies to have surely a cert=
ain form of abstraction. I would suggest to consider good definition contai=
ned into ONF SDN architecture document
 chapter 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good defin=
ition can help all the reading.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. We will lo=
ok into the mentioned document if the usage of terms are aligned with this =
document. If not, we will clarify the terminology more clearly.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Section 5: It seems to me you m=
ixed here aspects that are more related to policy like admission control &n=
bsp;and guarantee of client isolation with real computational issue like Co=
mputing time , path constrains or re-optimization
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Indeed. In Sectio=
n 5, we will put some notes on the aspect of real-time related from non rea=
l time aspect. VNM is not to be mixed with Virtual Network Manager. Here VN=
M is an algorithm which is known as Virtual
 Network Mapping which is a software module that converts client requests i=
nto actual networks. Virtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is=
 a developed concept from VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more c=
arefully on this aspect what Virtual
 Network Manager is doing. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&=
gt;&gt; If I understood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM=
 is strictly related to planning function so I this it is very import point=
 in the context of PNC , I would say<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Section 6.1 : while it is clear=
 the scope of the different control interface presented in figure 5, I&#821=
7;m a bit confused as to what I/F E is &#8211; data plane interface to prov=
ider physical network? Or is the intention to provide
 what can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from=
 network provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? =
Nor clear to me the intention<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Interface E is no=
t what ACTN will focus on. It simply shows &nbsp;an underlying model of res=
ources allocated to a customer from network provider controller, and the ma=
pping to real physical resources.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&=
gt;&gt; So if I interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal inter=
face to PNC , the figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Section 6.1, always figure=
 5: If a report of potential NW topology between a VNC and a CNC can be que=
ried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirectional I guess<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt"=
>YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28=
: &#8220;PCA abstracts the physical network topology into an abstracted top=
ology&#8221; Looking at the description of VNC components in 6.2.2 it is th=
e resource manager devoting to provide abstract
 topology. Does not exist any PCA component.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">Y=
OUNG&gt;&gt; Sorry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same=
 as the Resource Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In=
 the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2 phase 8<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt"=
>YOUNG&gt;&gt; Thanks. Good catch!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Page 30 : It is Interface =
C not B , between VNC and PNC<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">YOUNG&gt;&gt; If you are ref=
erring to Section 7.3 where:
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interfaces=
 should also be scalable as a large amount of data needs<o:p></o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp; to be transport=
ed across customers to virtual network controllers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp; and across virt=
ual network controllers and physical network<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp; controllers.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">I think this implies both in=
terfaces B and C although primarily between VNC-PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;fo=
nt-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;fo=
nt-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&=
gt;&gt; Sorry Young, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , =
on Interface interaction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as
 interface between VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Thanks<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Sergio<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16FR711WXCHMBA05z_--


From nobody Thu Oct  9 05:47:52 2014
Return-Path: <leeyoung@huawei.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8161C1ACE44 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 05:47:50 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -3.986
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-3.986 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HK_RANDOM_ENVFROM=0.001, HK_RANDOM_FROM=0.999, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id Jlody0GjkfTE for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 05:47:45 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from lhrrgout.huawei.com (lhrrgout.huawei.com [194.213.3.17]) (using TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 8D2CF1ACE32 for <actn@ietf.org>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 05:47:44 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from 172.18.7.190 (EHLO lhreml406-hub.china.huawei.com) ([172.18.7.190]) by lhrrg02-dlp.huawei.com (MOS 4.3.7-GA FastPath queued) with ESMTP id BKJ41856; Thu, 09 Oct 2014 12:47:42 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from DFWEML701-CHM.china.huawei.com (10.193.5.50) by lhreml406-hub.china.huawei.com (10.201.5.243) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.158.1; Thu, 9 Oct 2014 13:47:41 +0100
Received: from DFWEML706-CHM.china.huawei.com ([10.193.5.225]) by dfweml701-chm ([10.193.5.50]) with mapi id 14.03.0158.001; Thu, 9 Oct 2014 05:47:31 -0700
From: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>
To: "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAABd/BMA==
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2014 12:47:30 +0000
Message-ID: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CC74@dfweml706-chm>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com>
In-Reply-To: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [10.192.11.86]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CC74dfweml706chm_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-CFilter-Loop: Reflected
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/WTdbSlHx1btstkhZBIcT33ZMuLQ
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 09 Oct 2014 12:47:50 -0000

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CC74dfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Sergio,

Thank you also for providing more comments. Please see in-line for my comme=
nt with YOUNG 2>>

Regards,
Young

From: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 4:59 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmai=
l.com
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve); BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

thanks a lot for reply , please see in line just some further clarification

Regards
Sergio



From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.=
es; luyuanf@gmail.com
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Sergio,

Thanks for your feedback on the framework document. Please see in-line for =
my comment.

Regards,
Young

From: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; Leeyoung; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,

I read you Framework draft and I have some comments on that. Most are edito=
rial , other questions for clarifications.

General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarc=
hical level of controllers or linked to the multi-domain aspect that compel=
 to provide to the customer a single virtualized network even if composed b=
y real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the "virtualizer =
function" provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be insi=
de directly the PNC , correct?

YOUNG>> Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. For a single domain context, =
the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we need to factor in other scenario=
s such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a sof=
tware function that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opin=
ion, even for a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this inte=
rface as a standard interface.

Section 2 , page 4:
abstraction does not imply automatically virtualization,while virtualizatio=
n implies to have surely a certain form of abstraction. I would suggest to =
consider good definition contained into ONF SDN architecture document chapt=
er 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition =
can help all the reading.

YOUNG>> Agree. We will look into the mentioned document if the usage of ter=
ms are aligned with this document. If not, we will clarify the terminology =
more clearly.

Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects that are more related to p=
olicy like admission control  and guarantee of client isolation with real c=
omputational issue like Computing time , path constrains or re-optimization=
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager.

YOUNG>> Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some notes on the aspect of real-=
time related from non real time aspect. VNM is not to be mixed with Virtual=
 Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm which is known as Virtual Networ=
k Mapping which is a software module that converts client requests into act=
ual networks. Virtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a deve=
loped concept from VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefull=
y on this aspect what Virtual Network Manager is doing.

SB>>> If I understood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM i=
s strictly related to planning function so I this it is very import point i=
n the context of PNC , I would say

YOUNG2>> OK. I think you meant VNTM is a management entity (off-line).

Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the different control interfac=
e presented in figure 5, I'm a bit confused as to what I/F E is - data plan=
e interface to provider physical network? Or is the intention to provide wh=
at can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from ne=
twork provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor=
 clear to me the intention

YOUNG>> Interface E is not what ACTN will focus on. It simply shows  an und=
erlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provider co=
ntroller, and the mapping to real physical resources.

SB>>> So if I interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interfa=
ce to PNC , the figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .

YOUNG2>> I am sorry for the confusion. It is actually a mapping from virtua=
l network to physical network, which I think a DP interface.


Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of potential NW topology between =
a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirecti=
onal I guess

YOUNG>> Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.

Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: "PCA abstracts the physical network topology =
into an abstracted topology" Looking at the description of VNC components i=
n 6.2.2 it is the resource manager devoting to provide abstract topology. D=
oes not exist any PCA component.



YOUNG>> Sorry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as t=
he Resource Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!



Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2=
 phase 8

YOUNG>> Thanks. Good catch!

Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC and PNC

YOUNG>> If you are referring to Section 7.3 where:

   Interfaces should also be scalable as a large amount of data needs

   to be transported across customers to virtual network controllers

   and across virtual network controllers and physical network

   controllers.



I think this implies both interfaces B and C although primarily between VNC=
-PNC.



SB>>> Sorry Young, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on=
 Interface interaction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interfac=
e between VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C



YOUNG2>> Yes, you are right. It was a typo. Will correct.


Thanks

Sergio


Thanks
Sergio

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CC74dfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-=
1">
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
p.MsoCommentText, li.MsoCommentText, div.MsoCommentText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text Char";
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:10.0pt;
	margin-left:0in;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:10.5pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.CommentTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Comment Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text";}
span.PlainTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text";
	font-family:"Courier New";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle23
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle26
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Sergio,<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thank you also for pro=
viding more comments. Please see in-line for my comment with YOUNG 2&gt;&gt=
;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> BELOTTI,=
 SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 4:59 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es; luyua=
nf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve); BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Young,<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">thanks a lot for reply=
 , please see in line just some further clarification<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; die=
go@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Sergio,<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your feedba=
ck on the framework document. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> BELOTTI,=
 SERGIO (SERGIO) [<a href=3D"mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com">mail=
to:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Cecc=
arelli; Leeyoung;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I read you Framework draft and I have some comments =
on that. Most are editorial , other questions for clarifications.<o:p></o:p=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is=
 in the view of hierarchical level of controllers or linked to the multi-do=
main aspect that compel to provide to the customer a single virtualized net=
work even if composed by real multi-domain
 multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the &#8220;virtualizer function&#822=
1; provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be inside dire=
ctly the PNC , correct?
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. =
For a single domain context, the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we nee=
d to factor in other scenarios such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from =
PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a software function
 that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opinion, even for =
a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this interface as a sta=
ndard interface.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 2 , page 4: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">abstraction does not imply automatically virtualizat=
ion,while virtualization implies to have surely a certain form of abstracti=
on. I would suggest to consider good definition contained into ONF SDN arch=
itecture document chapter 2.3 Conventions
 about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition can help all the r=
eading.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. We will look into the mentioned=
 document if the usage of terms are aligned with this document. If not, we =
will clarify the terminology more clearly.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects tha=
t are more related to policy like admission control &nbsp;and guarantee of =
client isolation with real computational issue like Computing time , path c=
onstrains or re-optimization process. Moreover
 the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit misleading since this te=
rm in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual Network Manager.<o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some=
 notes on the aspect of real-time related from non real time aspect. VNM is=
 not to be mixed with Virtual Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm whi=
ch is known as Virtual Network Mapping which
 is a software module that converts client requests into actual networks. V=
irtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a developed concept f=
rom VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefully on this aspec=
t what Virtual Network Manager is
 doing. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; If I un=
derstood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM is strictly re=
lated to planning function so I this it is very import point in the context=
 of PNC , I would say<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">YOUNG2&gt;&gt; OK. I t=
hink you meant VNTM is a management entity (off-line).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the dif=
ferent control interface presented in figure 5, I&#8217;m a bit confused as=
 to what I/F E is &#8211; data plane interface to provider physical network=
? Or is the intention to provide what can be the
 underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provide=
r controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor clear to me =
the intention<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Interface E is not what ACTN will focu=
s on. It simply shows &nbsp;an underlying model of resources allocated to a=
 customer from network provider controller, and the mapping to real physica=
l resources.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; So if I=
 interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interface to PNC , t=
he figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">YOUNG2&gt;&gt; I am so=
rry for the confusion. It is actually a mapping from virtual network to phy=
sical network, which I think a DP interface.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of po=
tential NW topology between a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in t=
he drawn has to be bidirectional I guess<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: &#8220;PCA abstract=
s the physical network topology into an abstracted topology&#8221; Looking =
at the description of VNC components in 6.2.2 it is the resource manager de=
voting to provide abstract topology. Does not
 exist any PCA component.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; So=
rry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as the Resourc=
e Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is=
 no phase 7, and there are 2 phase 8<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Thanks. Good catch!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC=
 and PNC<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">YOUNG&gt;&gt; If you are referring to Section 7.3=
 where: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interfaces should also be scala=
ble as a large amount of data needs<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; to be transported across customers t=
o virtual network controllers<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; and across virtual network controlle=
rs and physical network<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; controllers.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">I think this implies both interfaces B and C alth=
ough primarily between VNC-PNC.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; Sorry Y=
oung, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on Interface in=
teraction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interface between
 VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG2&gt;&gt; Yes, yo=
u are right. It was a typo. Will correct.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Sergio<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CC74dfweml706chm_--


From nobody Thu Oct  9 11:48:28 2014
Return-Path: <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AF8F21A1A6F for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 11:48:18 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.685
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.685 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id fBlQPZ36Tsqe for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 11:48:13 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from mail3.advaoptical.com (mail3.advaoptical.com [74.202.24.82]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id BC50A1A0356 for <actn@ietf.org>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 11:48:12 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com [172.16.5.39]) by atl-vs-fsmail.advaoptical.com (8.14.5/8.14.5) with ESMTP id s99Ilw9F017095 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=FAIL); Thu, 9 Oct 2014 14:47:58 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX2.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.46) by atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.39) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.181.6; Thu, 9 Oct 2014 14:47:58 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) by ATL-SRV-MBX2.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.46) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1044.5; Thu, 9 Oct 2014 14:47:57 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1]) by ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1%14]) with mapi id 15.00.1044.003; Thu, 9 Oct 2014 14:47:57 -0400
From: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
To: "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEA==
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2014 18:47:56 +0000
Message-ID: <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com>
In-Reply-To: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-ms-exchange-transport-fromentityheader: Hosted
x-originating-ip: [172.16.5.49]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1ATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=fsecure engine=2.50.10432:5.12.52, 1.0.28,  0.0.0000 definitions=2014-10-09_07:2014-10-09,2014-10-09,1970-01-01 signatures=0
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/BtQ2_KmzAg5ERe1PhEQ9edTElAk
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 09 Oct 2014 18:48:18 -0000

--_000_874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1ATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Young,

I believe having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domai=
n PNCs is an extremely  idealistic view.

=3D=3D=3D=3D> BTW I find PNC is a bad term, I like much better Actual Netwo=
rk Controller  (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract topolo=
gies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has an =
access and manages actual provider network).

One reason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topol=
ogy, for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as=
 requested. Actual topology semantics (especially in WDM layer) is very dif=
ferent from vendor to vendor and contains a great variety of proprietary ex=
tensions, failing to understand which leads to producing unprovisionable se=
rvice paths. Do you really believe that a single VNC can talk in the same w=
ay to ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optica=
l providers to switch to WSON :=3D).

This is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this c=
ase North VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, t=
hat is, uses the same X interface.
IHMO whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, =
i.e. ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same =
north bound interface to potentially the same client (e.g.TFK).
IHMO interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.

Cheers,
Igor

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of BELOTTI, SERGIO (SER=
GIO)
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmai=
l.com
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

thanks a lot for reply , please see in line just some further clarification

Regards
Sergio



From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.=
es; luyuanf@gmail.com
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Sergio,

Thanks for your feedback on the framework document. Please see in-line for =
my comment.

Regards,
Young

From: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; Leeyoung; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,

I read you Framework draft and I have some comments on that. Most are edito=
rial , other questions for clarifications.

General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarc=
hical level of controllers or linked to the multi-domain aspect that compel=
 to provide to the customer a single virtualized network even if composed b=
y real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the "virtualizer =
function" provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be insi=
de directly the PNC , correct?

YOUNG>> Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. For a single domain context, =
the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we need to factor in other scenario=
s such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a sof=
tware function that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opin=
ion, even for a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this inte=
rface as a standard interface.

Section 2 , page 4:
abstraction does not imply automatically virtualization,while virtualizatio=
n implies to have surely a certain form of abstraction. I would suggest to =
consider good definition contained into ONF SDN architecture document chapt=
er 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition =
can help all the reading.

YOUNG>> Agree. We will look into the mentioned document if the usage of ter=
ms are aligned with this document. If not, we will clarify the terminology =
more clearly.

Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects that are more related to p=
olicy like admission control  and guarantee of client isolation with real c=
omputational issue like Computing time , path constrains or re-optimization=
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager.

YOUNG>> Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some notes on the aspect of real-=
time related from non real time aspect. VNM is not to be mixed with Virtual=
 Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm which is known as Virtual Networ=
k Mapping which is a software module that converts client requests into act=
ual networks. Virtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a deve=
loped concept from VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefull=
y on this aspect what Virtual Network Manager is doing.

SB>>> If I understood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM i=
s strictly related to planning function so I this it is very import point i=
n the context of PNC , I would say

Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the different control interfac=
e presented in figure 5, I'm a bit confused as to what I/F E is - data plan=
e interface to provider physical network? Or is the intention to provide wh=
at can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from ne=
twork provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor=
 clear to me the intention

YOUNG>> Interface E is not what ACTN will focus on. It simply shows  an und=
erlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provider co=
ntroller, and the mapping to real physical resources.

SB>>> So if I interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interfa=
ce to PNC , the figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .


Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of potential NW topology between =
a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirecti=
onal I guess

YOUNG>> Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.

Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: "PCA abstracts the physical network topology =
into an abstracted topology" Looking at the description of VNC components i=
n 6.2.2 it is the resource manager devoting to provide abstract topology. D=
oes not exist any PCA component.



YOUNG>> Sorry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as t=
he Resource Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!



Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2=
 phase 8

YOUNG>> Thanks. Good catch!

Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC and PNC

YOUNG>> If you are referring to Section 7.3 where:

   Interfaces should also be scalable as a large amount of data needs

   to be transported across customers to virtual network controllers

   and across virtual network controllers and physical network

   controllers.



I think this implies both interfaces B and C although primarily between VNC=
-PNC.



SB>>> Sorry Young, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on=
 Interface interaction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interfac=
e between VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C


Thanks

Sergio


Thanks
Sergio

--_000_874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1ATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-=
1">
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Wingdings;
	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
p.MsoCommentText, li.MsoCommentText, div.MsoCommentText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text Char";
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:10.0pt;
	margin-left:0in;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:10.5pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.CommentTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Comment Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text";}
span.PlainTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text";
	font-family:"Courier New";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle23
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle26
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Yo=
ung,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">I bel=
ieve having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domain PNC=
s is an extremely &nbsp;idealistic view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">=3D=
=3D</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F49=
7D">=E8</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"> BTW I find PN=
C is a bad term, I like much better Actual Network
 Controller&nbsp; (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract top=
ologies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has =
an access and manages actual provider network).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">One r=
eason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topology, =
for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as requ=
ested. Actual topology semantics (especially
 in WDM layer) is very different from vendor to vendor and contains a great=
 variety of proprietary extensions, failing to understand which leads to pr=
oducing unprovisionable service paths. Do you really believe that a single =
VNC can talk in the same way to
 ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optical pro=
viders to switch to WSON :=3D).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">This =
is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this case N=
orth VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, that i=
s, uses the same X interface.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, i.e. =
ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same north=
 bound interface to potentially the
 same client (e.g.TFK).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor =
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] <b>=
On Behalf Of
</b>BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es; luyua=
nf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Young,<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">thanks a lot for reply=
 , please see in line just some further clarification<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; die=
go@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Sergio,<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your feedba=
ck on the framework document. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> BELOTTI,=
 SERGIO (SERGIO) [<a href=3D"mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com">mail=
to:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Cecc=
arelli; Leeyoung;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I read you Framework draft and I have some comments =
on that. Most are editorial , other questions for clarifications.<o:p></o:p=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is=
 in the view of hierarchical level of controllers or linked to the multi-do=
main aspect that compel to provide to the customer a single virtualized net=
work even if composed by real multi-domain
 multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the &#8220;virtualizer function&#822=
1; provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be inside dire=
ctly the PNC , correct?
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. =
For a single domain context, the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we nee=
d to factor in other scenarios such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from =
PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a software function
 that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opinion, even for =
a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this interface as a sta=
ndard interface.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 2 , page 4: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">abstraction does not imply automatically virtualizat=
ion,while virtualization implies to have surely a certain form of abstracti=
on. I would suggest to consider good definition contained into ONF SDN arch=
itecture document chapter 2.3 Conventions
 about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition can help all the r=
eading.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. We will look into the mentioned=
 document if the usage of terms are aligned with this document. If not, we =
will clarify the terminology more clearly.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects tha=
t are more related to policy like admission control &nbsp;and guarantee of =
client isolation with real computational issue like Computing time , path c=
onstrains or re-optimization process. Moreover
 the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit misleading since this te=
rm in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual Network Manager.<o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some=
 notes on the aspect of real-time related from non real time aspect. VNM is=
 not to be mixed with Virtual Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm whi=
ch is known as Virtual Network Mapping which
 is a software module that converts client requests into actual networks. V=
irtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a developed concept f=
rom VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefully on this aspec=
t what Virtual Network Manager is
 doing. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; If I un=
derstood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM is strictly re=
lated to planning function so I this it is very import point in the context=
 of PNC , I would say<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the dif=
ferent control interface presented in figure 5, I&#8217;m a bit confused as=
 to what I/F E is &#8211; data plane interface to provider physical network=
? Or is the intention to provide what can be the
 underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provide=
r controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor clear to me =
the intention<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Interface E is not what ACTN will focu=
s on. It simply shows &nbsp;an underlying model of resources allocated to a=
 customer from network provider controller, and the mapping to real physica=
l resources.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; So if I=
 interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interface to PNC , t=
he figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of po=
tential NW topology between a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in t=
he drawn has to be bidirectional I guess<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: &#8220;PCA abstract=
s the physical network topology into an abstracted topology&#8221; Looking =
at the description of VNC components in 6.2.2 it is the resource manager de=
voting to provide abstract topology. Does not
 exist any PCA component.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; So=
rry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as the Resourc=
e Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is=
 no phase 7, and there are 2 phase 8<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Thanks. Good catch!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC=
 and PNC<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">YOUNG&gt;&gt; If you are referring to Section 7.3=
 where: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interfaces should also be scala=
ble as a large amount of data needs<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; to be transported across customers t=
o virtual network controllers<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; and across virtual network controlle=
rs and physical network<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; controllers.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">I think this implies both interfaces B and C alth=
ough primarily between VNC-PNC.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; Sorry Y=
oung, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on Interface in=
teraction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interface between
 VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Sergio<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1ATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_--


From nobody Thu Oct  9 12:24:34 2014
Return-Path: <paul.doolan@coriant.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9DBDC1A1B8F for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 12:24:32 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -1.901
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-1.901 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, SPF_HELO_PASS=-0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id 8zvXVOO_db4r for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 12:24:28 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from emea01-am1-obe.outbound.protection.outlook.com (mail-am1on0681.outbound.protection.outlook.com [IPv6:2a01:111:f400:fe00::681]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 6A38C1A1A5C for <actn@ietf.org>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 12:24:27 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from DB4PR04MB508.eurprd04.prod.outlook.com (10.141.239.156) by DB4PR04MB507.eurprd04.prod.outlook.com (10.141.239.149) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1044.10; Thu, 9 Oct 2014 19:20:39 +0000
Received: from DB4PR04MB508.eurprd04.prod.outlook.com ([10.141.239.156]) by DB4PR04MB508.eurprd04.prod.outlook.com ([10.141.239.156]) with mapi id 15.00.1044.008; Thu, 9 Oct 2014 19:20:40 +0000
From: "Doolan, Paul (Coriant - US/Irving)" <paul.doolan@coriant.com>
To: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
Thread-Topic: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAACqd4A
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2014 19:20:39 +0000
Message-ID: <27936621-9D19-4FC6-804C-60C90E397DEF@coriant.com>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
In-Reply-To: <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-ms-exchange-transport-fromentityheader: Hosted
x-originating-ip: [32.210.21.102]
x-microsoft-antispam: BCL:0;PCL:0;RULEID:;SRVR:DB4PR04MB507;
x-forefront-prvs: 0359162B6D
x-forefront-antispam-report: SFV:NSPM; SFS:(10009020)(199003)(189002)(24454002)(377454003)(80022003)(36756003)(33656002)(54356999)(19625215002)(106356001)(76176999)(16601075003)(87936001)(95666004)(120916001)(122556002)(40100002)(92726001)(105586002)(230783001)(4396001)(110136001)(85306004)(93886004)(85852003)(97736003)(107046002)(15202345003)(86362001)(16236675004)(92566001)(20776003)(66066001)(76482002)(64706001)(2656002)(19617315012)(50986999)(46102003)(101416001)(31966008)(15975445006)(21056001)(19580405001)(19580395003)(99396003)(104396001); DIR:OUT; SFP:1101; SCL:1; SRVR:DB4PR04MB507; H:DB4PR04MB508.eurprd04.prod.outlook.com; FPR:; MLV:sfv; PTR:InfoNoRecords; A:1; MX:1; LANG:en; 
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_279366219D194FC6804C60C90E397DEFcoriantcom_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-OriginatorOrg: coriant.com
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/gm2M8e1Be4K3D3YeldwgMPgIkOQ
Cc: "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>, Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "BELOTTI, SERGIO \(SERGIO\)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 09 Oct 2014 19:24:32 -0000

--_000_279366219D194FC6804C60C90E397DEFcoriantcom_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hello Igor,

Because I agree wholeheartedly with the sentiments expressed in your 4th pa=
ra I'll ignore your omission of Coriant in the one above it;-)

I think you nicely capture the practical realities of the matter at the opt=
ical layer and I've heard similar views expressed in other places as well. =
I hope some of those people will add to this conversation.

thanks,
pd

On Oct 9, 2014, at 2:47 PM, Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com<mailto:I=
Bryskin@advaoptical.com>>
 wrote:

Hi Young,

I believe having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domai=
n PNCs is an extremely  idealistic view.

=3D=3D=3D=3D> BTW I find PNC is a bad term, I like much better Actual Netwo=
rk Controller  (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract topolo=
gies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has an =
access and manages actual provider network).

One reason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topol=
ogy, for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as=
 requested. Actual topology semantics (especially in WDM layer) is very dif=
ferent from vendor to vendor and contains a great variety of proprietary ex=
tensions, failing to understand which leads to producing unprovisionable se=
rvice paths. Do you really believe that a single VNC can talk in the same w=
ay to ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optica=
l providers to switch to WSON :=3D).

This is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this c=
ase North VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, t=
hat is, uses the same X interface.
IHMO whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, =
i.e. ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same =
north bound interface to potentially the same client (e.g.TFK).
IHMO interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.

Cheers,
Igor

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org<mailto:bounces@ietf.org>] On Behal=
f Of BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

thanks a lot for reply , please see in line just some further clarification

Regards
Sergio



From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com<http://huawei.com>]
Sent: mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele =
Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luy=
uanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Sergio,

Thanks for your feedback on the framework document. Please see in-line for =
my comment.

Regards,
Young

From: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; Leeyoung; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,

I read you Framework draft and I have some comments on that. Most are edito=
rial , other questions for clarifications.

General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarc=
hical level of controllers or linked to the multi-domain aspect that compel=
 to provide to the customer a single virtualized network even if composed b=
y real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the =93virtualize=
r function=94 provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be =
inside directly the PNC , correct?

YOUNG>> Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. For a single domain context, =
the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we need to factor in other scenario=
s such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a sof=
tware function that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opin=
ion, even for a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this inte=
rface as a standard interface.

Section 2 , page 4:
abstraction does not imply automatically virtualization,while virtualizatio=
n implies to have surely a certain form of abstraction. I would suggest to =
consider good definition contained into ONF SDN architecture document chapt=
er 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition =
can help all the reading.

YOUNG>> Agree. We will look into the mentioned document if the usage of ter=
ms are aligned with this document. If not, we will clarify the terminology =
more clearly.

Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects that are more related to p=
olicy like admission control  and guarantee of client isolation with real c=
omputational issue like Computing time , path constrains or re-optimization=
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager.

YOUNG>> Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some notes on the aspect of real-=
time related from non real time aspect. VNM is not to be mixed with Virtual=
 Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm which is known as Virtual Networ=
k Mapping which is a software module that converts client requests into act=
ual networks. Virtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a deve=
loped concept from VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefull=
y on this aspect what Virtual Network Manager is doing.

SB>>> If I understood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM i=
s strictly related to planning function so I this it is very import point i=
n the context of PNC , I would say

Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the different control interfac=
e presented in figure 5, I=92m a bit confused as to what I/F E is =96 data =
plane interface to provider physical network? Or is the intention to provid=
e what can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer fro=
m network provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ?=
 Nor clear to me the intention

YOUNG>> Interface E is not what ACTN will focus on. It simply shows  an und=
erlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provider co=
ntroller, and the mapping to real physical resources.

SB>>> So if I interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interfa=
ce to PNC , the figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .


Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of potential NW topology between =
a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirecti=
onal I guess

YOUNG>> Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.

Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: =93PCA abstracts the physical network topolog=
y into an abstracted topology=94 Looking at the description of VNC componen=
ts in 6.2.2 it is the resource manager devoting to provide abstract topolog=
y. Does not exist any PCA component.



YOUNG>> Sorry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as t=
he Resource Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!



Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2=
 phase 8

YOUNG>> Thanks. Good catch!

Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC and PNC

YOUNG>> If you are referring to Section 7.3 where:

   Interfaces should also be scalable as a large amount of data needs

   to be transported across customers to virtual network controllers

   and across virtual network controllers and physical network

   controllers.



I think this implies both interfaces B and C although primarily between VNC=
-PNC.



SB>>> Sorry Young, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on=
 Interface interaction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interfac=
e between VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C


Thanks

Sergio


Thanks
Sergio
_______________________________________________
ACTN mailing list
ACTN@ietf.org<mailto:ACTN@ietf.org>
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn


--_000_279366219D194FC6804C60C90E397DEFcoriantcom_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252"
Content-ID: <B1F9CFFCF1DECD4595E076BB9F71ECAA@eurprd04.prod.outlook.com>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3DWindows-1=
252">
</head>
<body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-lin=
e-break: after-white-space; ">
Hello Igor,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Because I agree wholeheartedly with the sentiments expressed in your 4=
th para I'll ignore your omission of Coriant in the one above it;-)</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I think you nicely capture the practical realities of the matter at th=
e optical layer and I've heard similar views expressed in other places as w=
ell. I hope some of those people will add to this conversation.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>thanks,</div>
<div>pd</div>
<div><br>
<div>
<div>On Oct 9, 2014, at 2:47 PM, Igor Bryskin &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:IBryski=
n@advaoptical.com">IBryskin@advaoptical.com</a>&gt;</div>
<div>&nbsp;wrote:</div>
<br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline">
<blockquote type=3D"cite">
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Wingdings;
	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
p.MsoCommentText, li.MsoCommentText, div.MsoCommentText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text Char";
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:10.0pt;
	margin-left:0in;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:10.5pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.CommentTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Comment Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text";}
span.PlainTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text";
	font-family:"Courier New";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle23
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle26
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
<div lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Yo=
ung,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">I bel=
ieve having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domain PNC=
s is an extremely &nbsp;idealistic view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">=3D=
=3D</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F49=
7D">=E8</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"> BTW I find PN=
C is a bad term, I like much better Actual Network
 Controller&nbsp; (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract top=
ologies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has =
an access and manages actual provider network).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">One r=
eason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topology, =
for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as requ=
ested. Actual topology semantics (especially
 in WDM layer) is very different from vendor to vendor and contains a great=
 variety of proprietary extensions, failing to understand which leads to pr=
oducing unprovisionable service paths. Do you really believe that a single =
VNC can talk in the same way to
 ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optical pro=
viders to switch to WSON :=3D).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">This =
is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this case N=
orth VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, that i=
s, uses the same X interface.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, i.e. =
ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same north=
 bound interface to potentially the
 same client (e.g.TFK).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor =
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;</span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [mailto:actn-<a href=3D"mailto:bou=
nces@ietf.org">bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Da=
niele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Young,<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">thanks a lot for reply=
 , please see in line just some further clarification<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</sp=
an></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</sp=
an></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [mailto:leeyoung@<a href=3D"http://huawei.com">huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@=
ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Sergio,<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your feedba=
ck on the framework document. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> BELOTTI,=
 SERGIO (SERGIO) [<a href=3D"mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com">mail=
to:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Cecc=
arelli; Leeyoung;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I read you Framework draft and I have some comments =
on that. Most are editorial , other questions for clarifications.<o:p></o:p=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is=
 in the view of hierarchical level of controllers or linked to the multi-do=
main aspect that compel to provide to the customer a single virtualized net=
work even if composed by real multi-domain
 multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the =93virtualizer function=94 provi=
ded by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be inside directly the=
 PNC , correct?
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. =
For a single domain context, the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we nee=
d to factor in other scenarios such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from =
PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a software function
 that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opinion, even for =
a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this interface as a sta=
ndard interface.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 2 , page 4: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">abstraction does not imply automatically virtualizat=
ion,while virtualization implies to have surely a certain form of abstracti=
on. I would suggest to consider good definition contained into ONF SDN arch=
itecture document chapter 2.3 Conventions
 about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition can help all the r=
eading.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. We will look into the mentioned=
 document if the usage of terms are aligned with this document. If not, we =
will clarify the terminology more clearly.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects tha=
t are more related to policy like admission control &nbsp;and guarantee of =
client isolation with real computational issue like Computing time , path c=
onstrains or re-optimization process. Moreover
 the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit misleading since this te=
rm in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual Network Manager.<o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some=
 notes on the aspect of real-time related from non real time aspect. VNM is=
 not to be mixed with Virtual Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm whi=
ch is known as Virtual Network Mapping which
 is a software module that converts client requests into actual networks. V=
irtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a developed concept f=
rom VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefully on this aspec=
t what Virtual Network Manager is
 doing. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; If I un=
derstood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM is strictly re=
lated to planning function so I this it is very import point in the context=
 of PNC , I would say<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the dif=
ferent control interface presented in figure 5, I=92m a bit confused as to =
what I/F E is =96 data plane interface to provider physical network? Or is =
the intention to provide what can be the
 underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provide=
r controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor clear to me =
the intention<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Interface E is not what ACTN will focu=
s on. It simply shows &nbsp;an underlying model of resources allocated to a=
 customer from network provider controller, and the mapping to real physica=
l resources.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; So if I=
 interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interface to PNC , t=
he figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of po=
tential NW topology between a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in t=
he drawn has to be bidirectional I guess<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: =93PCA abstracts th=
e physical network topology into an abstracted topology=94 Looking at the d=
escription of VNC components in 6.2.2 it is the resource manager devoting t=
o provide abstract topology. Does not
 exist any PCA component.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; So=
rry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as the Resourc=
e Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is=
 no phase 7, and there are 2 phase 8<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Thanks. Good catch!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC=
 and PNC<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">YOUNG&gt;&gt; If you are referring to Section 7.3=
 where: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interfaces should also be scala=
ble as a large amount of data needs<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; to be transported across customers t=
o virtual network controllers<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; and across virtual network controlle=
rs and physical network<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; controllers.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">I think this implies both interfaces B and C alth=
ough primarily between VNC-PNC.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; Sorry Y=
oung, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on Interface in=
teraction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interface between
 VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Sergio<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
_______________________________________________<br>
ACTN mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:ACTN@ietf.org">ACTN@ietf.org</a><br>
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn<br>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_279366219D194FC6804C60C90E397DEFcoriantcom_--


From nobody Thu Oct  9 13:32:12 2014
Return-Path: <leeyoung@huawei.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5E6BC1A873E for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 13:32:12 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -3.986
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-3.986 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HK_RANDOM_ENVFROM=0.001, HK_RANDOM_FROM=0.999, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id Be_Ux02mHH-P for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 13:32:06 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from lhrrgout.huawei.com (lhrrgout.huawei.com [194.213.3.17]) (using TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 502681A8737 for <actn@ietf.org>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 13:32:05 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from 172.18.7.190 (EHLO lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com) ([172.18.7.190]) by lhrrg01-dlp.huawei.com (MOS 4.3.7-GA FastPath queued) with ESMTP id BNM16105; Thu, 09 Oct 2014 20:32:02 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from DFWEML701-CHM.china.huawei.com (10.193.5.50) by lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com (10.201.5.218) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.158.1; Thu, 9 Oct 2014 21:32:01 +0100
Received: from DFWEML706-CHM.china.huawei.com ([10.193.5.225]) by dfweml701-chm ([10.193.5.50]) with mapi id 14.03.0158.001; Thu, 9 Oct 2014 13:31:50 -0700
From: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>
To: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>, "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, "Daniele Ceccarelli" <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAAEL75A
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2014 20:31:49 +0000
Message-ID: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36@dfweml706-chm>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
In-Reply-To: <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [10.47.130.218]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36dfweml706chm_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-CFilter-Loop: Reflected
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/ScI-1uhcqTSgvV_LqcUL1uwZiYU
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 09 Oct 2014 20:32:12 -0000

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36dfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Ignor,

Thank you for providing your comment that pauses us to think more and under=
stand on the same level. I think your comment will contribute to crystalliz=
e the scope of work here.

First of all, I think there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assump=
tion on VNC receiving actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were =
to have actually topology (e.g. TED) of a network, this would be called a P=
NC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect has been discussed by emai=
l threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check the archive on that. The r=
eason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domain issue is no different f=
rom today's GMPLS/PCE issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not st=
ep on those areas. What VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is a=
n abstracted topology with varying degrees from actual underlying topology.=
 The reason why we distinguish the term VNC from PNC.

What can be defined on VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VN=
C to each PNC. As long as the detailed path computation and signaling withi=
n a domain are completely up to the domain PNC. VNC is not to be operated o=
n the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path computation is based on what i=
s exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology information details is kept=
 by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topology that can hide the exact de=
tails while exposing a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG=
 of virtual links (which may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed f=
or diversity routing calculation at the VNC. This is very different from ex=
posing the actual TE topology. You can view this as two level of path compu=
tation. VNC first computes an end-to-end path (using whatever constraint in=
formation it has), then coordinates with each PNC (telling the border nodes=
 information), then each PNC computes the domain specific path. When a PNC =
cannot provide a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be signaled=
 to VNC so that the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be able =
to find a feasible end-to-end path.  I would say this is a "two-phase" sign=
aling and path computation. The point is that there must be some level of h=
iding on abstract topology exposure from PNC to VNC and proprietary charact=
eristics of optical devices need to be dealt only with the corresponding PN=
C.

Regarding the term PNC vs. ANC, I wouldn't concern too much about the termi=
nology whichever works better. Thank you for your suggestion.

Lastly, please check the use-cases written by operators in the below links =
that consistently say they need a standard interface that can coordinate th=
eir multi-domain issues.

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-=
domains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/

Regards,
Young

Thanks,
Young


From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; =
diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

I believe having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domai=
n PNCs is an extremely  idealistic view.

=3D=3D=3D=3D> BTW I find PNC is a bad term, I like much better Actual Netwo=
rk Controller  (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract topolo=
gies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has an =
access and manages actual provider network).

One reason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topol=
ogy, for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as=
 requested. Actual topology semantics (especially in WDM layer) is very dif=
ferent from vendor to vendor and contains a great variety of proprietary ex=
tensions, failing to understand which leads to producing unprovisionable se=
rvice paths. Do you really believe that a single VNC can talk in the same w=
ay to ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optica=
l providers to switch to WSON :=3D).

This is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this c=
ase North VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, t=
hat is, uses the same X interface.
IHMO whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, =
i.e. ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same =
north bound interface to potentially the same client (e.g.TFK).
IHMO interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.

Cheers,
Igor

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of BELOTTI, SERGIO (SER=
GIO)
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmai=
l.com
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

thanks a lot for reply , please see in line just some further clarification

Regards
Sergio



From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.=
es; luyuanf@gmail.com
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Sergio,

Thanks for your feedback on the framework document. Please see in-line for =
my comment.

Regards,
Young

From: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; Leeyoung; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,

I read you Framework draft and I have some comments on that. Most are edito=
rial , other questions for clarifications.

General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarc=
hical level of controllers or linked to the multi-domain aspect that compel=
 to provide to the customer a single virtualized network even if composed b=
y real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the "virtualizer =
function" provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be insi=
de directly the PNC , correct?

YOUNG>> Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. For a single domain context, =
the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we need to factor in other scenario=
s such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a sof=
tware function that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opin=
ion, even for a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this inte=
rface as a standard interface.

Section 2 , page 4:
abstraction does not imply automatically virtualization,while virtualizatio=
n implies to have surely a certain form of abstraction. I would suggest to =
consider good definition contained into ONF SDN architecture document chapt=
er 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition =
can help all the reading.

YOUNG>> Agree. We will look into the mentioned document if the usage of ter=
ms are aligned with this document. If not, we will clarify the terminology =
more clearly.

Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects that are more related to p=
olicy like admission control  and guarantee of client isolation with real c=
omputational issue like Computing time , path constrains or re-optimization=
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager.

YOUNG>> Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some notes on the aspect of real-=
time related from non real time aspect. VNM is not to be mixed with Virtual=
 Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm which is known as Virtual Networ=
k Mapping which is a software module that converts client requests into act=
ual networks. Virtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a deve=
loped concept from VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefull=
y on this aspect what Virtual Network Manager is doing.

SB>>> If I understood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM i=
s strictly related to planning function so I this it is very import point i=
n the context of PNC , I would say

Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the different control interfac=
e presented in figure 5, I'm a bit confused as to what I/F E is - data plan=
e interface to provider physical network? Or is the intention to provide wh=
at can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from ne=
twork provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor=
 clear to me the intention

YOUNG>> Interface E is not what ACTN will focus on. It simply shows  an und=
erlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provider co=
ntroller, and the mapping to real physical resources.

SB>>> So if I interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interfa=
ce to PNC , the figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .


Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of potential NW topology between =
a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirecti=
onal I guess

YOUNG>> Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.

Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: "PCA abstracts the physical network topology =
into an abstracted topology" Looking at the description of VNC components i=
n 6.2.2 it is the resource manager devoting to provide abstract topology. D=
oes not exist any PCA component.



YOUNG>> Sorry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as t=
he Resource Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!



Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2=
 phase 8

YOUNG>> Thanks. Good catch!

Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC and PNC

YOUNG>> If you are referring to Section 7.3 where:

   Interfaces should also be scalable as a large amount of data needs

   to be transported across customers to virtual network controllers

   and across virtual network controllers and physical network

   controllers.



I think this implies both interfaces B and C although primarily between VNC=
-PNC.



SB>>> Sorry Young, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on=
 Interface interaction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interfac=
e between VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C


Thanks

Sergio


Thanks
Sergio

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36dfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-=
1">
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Wingdings;
	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
p.MsoCommentText, li.MsoCommentText, div.MsoCommentText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text Char";
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:10.0pt;
	margin-left:0in;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:10.5pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.CommentTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Comment Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text";}
span.PlainTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text";
	font-family:"Courier New";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle23
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle26
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle27
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Ignor,<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thank you for providin=
g your comment that pauses us to think more and understand on the same leve=
l. I think your comment will contribute to crystallize the scope of work he=
re.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">First of all, I think =
there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assumption on VNC receiving =
actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were to have actually topol=
ogy (e.g. TED) of a network, this would
 be called a PNC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect has been dis=
cussed by email threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check the archive =
on that. The reason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domain issue is =
no different from today&#8217;s GMPLS/PCE
 issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not step on those areas. Wh=
at VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is an abstracted topology=
 with varying degrees from actual underlying topology. The reason why we di=
stinguish the term VNC from PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">What can be defined on=
 VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VNC to each PNC. As long=
 as the detailed path computation and signaling within a domain are complet=
ely up to the domain PNC. VNC is not
 to be operated on the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path computation i=
s based on what is exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology informatio=
n details is kept by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topology that can =
hide the exact details while exposing
 a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG of virtual links (w=
hich may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed for diversity routing=
 calculation at the VNC. This is very different from exposing the actual TE=
 topology. You can view this as
 two level of path computation. VNC first computes an end-to-end path (usin=
g whatever constraint information it has), then coordinates with each PNC (=
telling the border nodes information), then each PNC computes the domain sp=
ecific path. When a PNC cannot provide
 a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be signaled to VNC so tha=
t the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be able to find a feas=
ible end-to-end path. &nbsp;I would say this is a &#8220;two-phase&#8221; s=
ignaling and path computation. The point is that
 there must be some level of hiding on abstract topology exposure from PNC =
to VNC and proprietary characteristics of optical devices need to be dealt =
only with the corresponding PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regarding the term PNC=
 vs. ANC, I wouldn&#8217;t concern too much about the terminology whichever=
 works better. Thank you for your suggestion.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Lastly, please check t=
he use-cases written by operators in the below links that consistently say =
they need a standard interface that can coordinate their multi-domain issue=
s.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/">https://datatracker=
.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-domains/">h=
ttps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-d=
omains/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bry=
skin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org; Daniele Cecca=
relli; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Yo=
ung,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">I bel=
ieve having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domain PNC=
s is an extremely &nbsp;idealistic view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">=3D=
=3D</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F49=
7D">=E8</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"> BTW I find PN=
C is a bad term, I like much better Actual Network
 Controller&nbsp; (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract top=
ologies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has =
an access and manages actual provider network).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">One r=
eason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topology, =
for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as requ=
ested. Actual topology semantics (especially
 in WDM layer) is very different from vendor to vendor and contains a great=
 variety of proprietary extensions, failing to understand which leads to pr=
oducing unprovisionable service paths. Do you really believe that a single =
VNC can talk in the same way to
 ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optical pro=
viders to switch to WSON :=3D).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">This =
is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this case N=
orth VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, that i=
s, uses the same X interface.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, i.e. =
ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same north=
 bound interface to potentially the
 same client (e.g.TFK).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor =
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] <b>=
On Behalf Of
</b>BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es; luyua=
nf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Young,<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">thanks a lot for reply=
 , please see in line just some further clarification<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; die=
go@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Sergio,<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your feedba=
ck on the framework document. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> BELOTTI,=
 SERGIO (SERGIO) [<a href=3D"mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com">mail=
to:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Cecc=
arelli; Leeyoung;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I read you Framework draft and I have some comments =
on that. Most are editorial , other questions for clarifications.<o:p></o:p=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is=
 in the view of hierarchical level of controllers or linked to the multi-do=
main aspect that compel to provide to the customer a single virtualized net=
work even if composed by real multi-domain
 multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the &#8220;virtualizer function&#822=
1; provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be inside dire=
ctly the PNC , correct?
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. =
For a single domain context, the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we nee=
d to factor in other scenarios such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from =
PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a software function
 that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opinion, even for =
a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this interface as a sta=
ndard interface.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 2 , page 4: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">abstraction does not imply automatically virtualizat=
ion,while virtualization implies to have surely a certain form of abstracti=
on. I would suggest to consider good definition contained into ONF SDN arch=
itecture document chapter 2.3 Conventions
 about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition can help all the r=
eading.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. We will look into the mentioned=
 document if the usage of terms are aligned with this document. If not, we =
will clarify the terminology more clearly.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects tha=
t are more related to policy like admission control &nbsp;and guarantee of =
client isolation with real computational issue like Computing time , path c=
onstrains or re-optimization process. Moreover
 the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit misleading since this te=
rm in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual Network Manager.<o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some=
 notes on the aspect of real-time related from non real time aspect. VNM is=
 not to be mixed with Virtual Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm whi=
ch is known as Virtual Network Mapping which
 is a software module that converts client requests into actual networks. V=
irtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a developed concept f=
rom VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefully on this aspec=
t what Virtual Network Manager is
 doing. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; If I un=
derstood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM is strictly re=
lated to planning function so I this it is very import point in the context=
 of PNC , I would say<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the dif=
ferent control interface presented in figure 5, I&#8217;m a bit confused as=
 to what I/F E is &#8211; data plane interface to provider physical network=
? Or is the intention to provide what can be the
 underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provide=
r controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor clear to me =
the intention<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Interface E is not what ACTN will focu=
s on. It simply shows &nbsp;an underlying model of resources allocated to a=
 customer from network provider controller, and the mapping to real physica=
l resources.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; So if I=
 interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interface to PNC , t=
he figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of po=
tential NW topology between a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in t=
he drawn has to be bidirectional I guess<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: &#8220;PCA abstract=
s the physical network topology into an abstracted topology&#8221; Looking =
at the description of VNC components in 6.2.2 it is the resource manager de=
voting to provide abstract topology. Does not
 exist any PCA component.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; So=
rry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as the Resourc=
e Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is=
 no phase 7, and there are 2 phase 8<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Thanks. Good catch!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC=
 and PNC<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">YOUNG&gt;&gt; If you are referring to Section 7.3=
 where: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interfaces should also be scala=
ble as a large amount of data needs<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; to be transported across customers t=
o virtual network controllers<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; and across virtual network controlle=
rs and physical network<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; controllers.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">I think this implies both interfaces B and C alth=
ough primarily between VNC-PNC.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; Sorry Y=
oung, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on Interface in=
teraction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interface between
 VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Sergio<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36dfweml706chm_--


From nobody Thu Oct  9 13:53:48 2014
Return-Path: <leeyoung@huawei.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 39E001A8822 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 13:53:44 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -3.986
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-3.986 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HK_RANDOM_ENVFROM=0.001, HK_RANDOM_FROM=0.999, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id lwZR2fycnNtk for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 13:53:36 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from lhrrgout.huawei.com (lhrrgout.huawei.com [194.213.3.17]) (using TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id A51541A876B for <actn@ietf.org>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 13:53:35 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from 172.18.7.190 (EHLO lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com) ([172.18.7.190]) by lhrrg02-dlp.huawei.com (MOS 4.3.7-GA FastPath queued) with ESMTP id BKJ73150; Thu, 09 Oct 2014 20:53:32 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from DFWEML704-CHM.china.huawei.com (10.193.5.141) by lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com (10.201.5.218) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.158.1; Thu, 9 Oct 2014 21:53:31 +0100
Received: from DFWEML706-CHM.china.huawei.com ([10.193.5.225]) by dfweml704-chm ([10.193.5.141]) with mapi id 14.03.0158.001; Thu, 9 Oct 2014 13:53:20 -0700
From: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>
To: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>, "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAAEL75AAAGxRYA=
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2014 20:53:19 +0000
Message-ID: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CFC2@dfweml706-chm>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> 
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [10.47.130.218]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CFC2dfweml706chm_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-CFilter-Loop: Reflected
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/TryO3qQ7H-ywdL_XAsADx0grp78
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 09 Oct 2014 20:53:44 -0000

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CFC2dfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Sorry Igor for misspelling your name, no joke here. Take my apology!

From: Leeyoung
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 3:32 PM
To: 'Igor Bryskin'; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccar=
elli; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Ignor,

Thank you for providing your comment that pauses us to think more and under=
stand on the same level. I think your comment will contribute to crystalliz=
e the scope of work here.

First of all, I think there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assump=
tion on VNC receiving actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were =
to have actually topology (e.g. TED) of a network, this would be called a P=
NC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect has been discussed by emai=
l threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check the archive on that. The r=
eason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domain issue is no different f=
rom today's GMPLS/PCE issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not st=
ep on those areas. What VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is a=
n abstracted topology with varying degrees from actual underlying topology.=
 The reason why we distinguish the term VNC from PNC.

What can be defined on VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VN=
C to each PNC. As long as the detailed path computation and signaling withi=
n a domain are completely up to the domain PNC. VNC is not to be operated o=
n the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path computation is based on what i=
s exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology information details is kept=
 by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topology that can hide the exact de=
tails while exposing a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG=
 of virtual links (which may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed f=
or diversity routing calculation at the VNC. This is very different from ex=
posing the actual TE topology. You can view this as two level of path compu=
tation. VNC first computes an end-to-end path (using whatever constraint in=
formation it has), then coordinates with each PNC (telling the border nodes=
 information), then each PNC computes the domain specific path. When a PNC =
cannot provide a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be signaled=
 to VNC so that the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be able =
to find a feasible end-to-end path.  I would say this is a "two-phase" sign=
aling and path computation. The point is that there must be some level of h=
iding on abstract topology exposure from PNC to VNC and proprietary charact=
eristics of optical devices need to be dealt only with the corresponding PN=
C.

Regarding the term PNC vs. ANC, I wouldn't concern too much about the termi=
nology whichever works better. Thank you for your suggestion.

Lastly, please check the use-cases written by operators in the below links =
that consistently say they need a standard interface that can coordinate th=
eir multi-domain issues.

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-=
domains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/

Regards,
Young

Thanks,
Young


From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; =
diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

I believe having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domai=
n PNCs is an extremely  idealistic view.

=3D=3D=3D=3D> BTW I find PNC is a bad term, I like much better Actual Netwo=
rk Controller  (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract topolo=
gies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has an =
access and manages actual provider network).

One reason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topol=
ogy, for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as=
 requested. Actual topology semantics (especially in WDM layer) is very dif=
ferent from vendor to vendor and contains a great variety of proprietary ex=
tensions, failing to understand which leads to producing unprovisionable se=
rvice paths. Do you really believe that a single VNC can talk in the same w=
ay to ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optica=
l providers to switch to WSON :=3D).

This is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this c=
ase North VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, t=
hat is, uses the same X interface.
IHMO whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, =
i.e. ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same =
north bound interface to potentially the same client (e.g.TFK).
IHMO interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.

Cheers,
Igor

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of BELOTTI, SERGIO (SER=
GIO)
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmai=
l.com
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

thanks a lot for reply , please see in line just some further clarification

Regards
Sergio



From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.=
es; luyuanf@gmail.com
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Sergio,

Thanks for your feedback on the framework document. Please see in-line for =
my comment.

Regards,
Young

From: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; Leeyoung; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,

I read you Framework draft and I have some comments on that. Most are edito=
rial , other questions for clarifications.

General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarc=
hical level of controllers or linked to the multi-domain aspect that compel=
 to provide to the customer a single virtualized network even if composed b=
y real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the "virtualizer =
function" provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be insi=
de directly the PNC , correct?

YOUNG>> Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. For a single domain context, =
the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we need to factor in other scenario=
s such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a sof=
tware function that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opin=
ion, even for a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this inte=
rface as a standard interface.

Section 2 , page 4:
abstraction does not imply automatically virtualization,while virtualizatio=
n implies to have surely a certain form of abstraction. I would suggest to =
consider good definition contained into ONF SDN architecture document chapt=
er 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition =
can help all the reading.

YOUNG>> Agree. We will look into the mentioned document if the usage of ter=
ms are aligned with this document. If not, we will clarify the terminology =
more clearly.

Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects that are more related to p=
olicy like admission control  and guarantee of client isolation with real c=
omputational issue like Computing time , path constrains or re-optimization=
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager.

YOUNG>> Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some notes on the aspect of real-=
time related from non real time aspect. VNM is not to be mixed with Virtual=
 Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm which is known as Virtual Networ=
k Mapping which is a software module that converts client requests into act=
ual networks. Virtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a deve=
loped concept from VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefull=
y on this aspect what Virtual Network Manager is doing.

SB>>> If I understood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM i=
s strictly related to planning function so I this it is very import point i=
n the context of PNC , I would say

Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the different control interfac=
e presented in figure 5, I'm a bit confused as to what I/F E is - data plan=
e interface to provider physical network? Or is the intention to provide wh=
at can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from ne=
twork provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor=
 clear to me the intention

YOUNG>> Interface E is not what ACTN will focus on. It simply shows  an und=
erlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provider co=
ntroller, and the mapping to real physical resources.

SB>>> So if I interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interfa=
ce to PNC , the figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .


Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of potential NW topology between =
a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirecti=
onal I guess

YOUNG>> Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.

Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: "PCA abstracts the physical network topology =
into an abstracted topology" Looking at the description of VNC components i=
n 6.2.2 it is the resource manager devoting to provide abstract topology. D=
oes not exist any PCA component.



YOUNG>> Sorry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as t=
he Resource Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!



Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2=
 phase 8

YOUNG>> Thanks. Good catch!

Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC and PNC

YOUNG>> If you are referring to Section 7.3 where:

   Interfaces should also be scalable as a large amount of data needs

   to be transported across customers to virtual network controllers

   and across virtual network controllers and physical network

   controllers.



I think this implies both interfaces B and C although primarily between VNC=
-PNC.



SB>>> Sorry Young, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on=
 Interface interaction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interfac=
e between VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C


Thanks

Sergio


Thanks
Sergio

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CFC2dfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-=
1">
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Wingdings;
	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
p.MsoCommentText, li.MsoCommentText, div.MsoCommentText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text Char";
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:10.0pt;
	margin-left:0in;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:10.5pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.CommentTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Comment Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text";}
span.PlainTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text";
	font-family:"Courier New";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle23
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle26
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle27
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle28
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sorry Igor for misspel=
ling your name, no joke here. Take my apology!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 3:32 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Igor Bryskin'; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org; Daniele=
 Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Ignor,<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thank you for providin=
g your comment that pauses us to think more and understand on the same leve=
l. I think your comment will contribute to crystallize the scope of work he=
re.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">First of all, I think =
there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assumption on VNC receiving =
actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were to have actually topol=
ogy (e.g. TED) of a network, this would
 be called a PNC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect has been dis=
cussed by email threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check the archive =
on that. The reason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domain issue is =
no different from today&#8217;s GMPLS/PCE
 issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not step on those areas. Wh=
at VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is an abstracted topology=
 with varying degrees from actual underlying topology. The reason why we di=
stinguish the term VNC from PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">What can be defined on=
 VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VNC to each PNC. As long=
 as the detailed path computation and signaling within a domain are complet=
ely up to the domain PNC. VNC is not
 to be operated on the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path computation i=
s based on what is exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology informatio=
n details is kept by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topology that can =
hide the exact details while exposing
 a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG of virtual links (w=
hich may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed for diversity routing=
 calculation at the VNC. This is very different from exposing the actual TE=
 topology. You can view this as
 two level of path computation. VNC first computes an end-to-end path (usin=
g whatever constraint information it has), then coordinates with each PNC (=
telling the border nodes information), then each PNC computes the domain sp=
ecific path. When a PNC cannot provide
 a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be signaled to VNC so tha=
t the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be able to find a feas=
ible end-to-end path. &nbsp;I would say this is a &#8220;two-phase&#8221; s=
ignaling and path computation. The point is that
 there must be some level of hiding on abstract topology exposure from PNC =
to VNC and proprietary characteristics of optical devices need to be dealt =
only with the corresponding PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regarding the term PNC=
 vs. ANC, I wouldn&#8217;t concern too much about the terminology whichever=
 works better. Thank you for your suggestion.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Lastly, please check t=
he use-cases written by operators in the below links that consistently say =
they need a standard interface that can coordinate their multi-domain issue=
s.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/">https://datatracker=
.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-domains/">h=
ttps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-d=
omains/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bry=
skin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org; Daniele Cecca=
relli; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Yo=
ung,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">I bel=
ieve having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domain PNC=
s is an extremely &nbsp;idealistic view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">=3D=
=3D</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F49=
7D">=E8</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"> BTW I find PN=
C is a bad term, I like much better Actual Network
 Controller&nbsp; (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract top=
ologies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has =
an access and manages actual provider network).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">One r=
eason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topology, =
for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as requ=
ested. Actual topology semantics (especially
 in WDM layer) is very different from vendor to vendor and contains a great=
 variety of proprietary extensions, failing to understand which leads to pr=
oducing unprovisionable service paths. Do you really believe that a single =
VNC can talk in the same way to
 ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optical pro=
viders to switch to WSON :=3D).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">This =
is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this case N=
orth VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, that i=
s, uses the same X interface.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, i.e. =
ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same north=
 bound interface to potentially the
 same client (e.g.TFK).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor =
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] <b>=
On Behalf Of
</b>BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es; luyua=
nf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Young,<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">thanks a lot for reply=
 , please see in line just some further clarification<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; die=
go@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Sergio,<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your feedba=
ck on the framework document. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> BELOTTI,=
 SERGIO (SERGIO) [<a href=3D"mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com">mail=
to:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Cecc=
arelli; Leeyoung;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I read you Framework draft and I have some comments =
on that. Most are editorial , other questions for clarifications.<o:p></o:p=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is=
 in the view of hierarchical level of controllers or linked to the multi-do=
main aspect that compel to provide to the customer a single virtualized net=
work even if composed by real multi-domain
 multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the &#8220;virtualizer function&#822=
1; provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be inside dire=
ctly the PNC , correct?
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. =
For a single domain context, the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we nee=
d to factor in other scenarios such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from =
PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a software function
 that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opinion, even for =
a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this interface as a sta=
ndard interface.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 2 , page 4: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">abstraction does not imply automatically virtualizat=
ion,while virtualization implies to have surely a certain form of abstracti=
on. I would suggest to consider good definition contained into ONF SDN arch=
itecture document chapter 2.3 Conventions
 about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition can help all the r=
eading.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. We will look into the mentioned=
 document if the usage of terms are aligned with this document. If not, we =
will clarify the terminology more clearly.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects tha=
t are more related to policy like admission control &nbsp;and guarantee of =
client isolation with real computational issue like Computing time , path c=
onstrains or re-optimization process. Moreover
 the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit misleading since this te=
rm in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual Network Manager.<o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some=
 notes on the aspect of real-time related from non real time aspect. VNM is=
 not to be mixed with Virtual Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm whi=
ch is known as Virtual Network Mapping which
 is a software module that converts client requests into actual networks. V=
irtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a developed concept f=
rom VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefully on this aspec=
t what Virtual Network Manager is
 doing. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; If I un=
derstood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM is strictly re=
lated to planning function so I this it is very import point in the context=
 of PNC , I would say<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the dif=
ferent control interface presented in figure 5, I&#8217;m a bit confused as=
 to what I/F E is &#8211; data plane interface to provider physical network=
? Or is the intention to provide what can be the
 underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provide=
r controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor clear to me =
the intention<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Interface E is not what ACTN will focu=
s on. It simply shows &nbsp;an underlying model of resources allocated to a=
 customer from network provider controller, and the mapping to real physica=
l resources.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; So if I=
 interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interface to PNC , t=
he figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of po=
tential NW topology between a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in t=
he drawn has to be bidirectional I guess<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: &#8220;PCA abstract=
s the physical network topology into an abstracted topology&#8221; Looking =
at the description of VNC components in 6.2.2 it is the resource manager de=
voting to provide abstract topology. Does not
 exist any PCA component.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; So=
rry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as the Resourc=
e Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is=
 no phase 7, and there are 2 phase 8<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Thanks. Good catch!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC=
 and PNC<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">YOUNG&gt;&gt; If you are referring to Section 7.3=
 where: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interfaces should also be scala=
ble as a large amount of data needs<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; to be transported across customers t=
o virtual network controllers<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; and across virtual network controlle=
rs and physical network<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; controllers.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">I think this implies both interfaces B and C alth=
ough primarily between VNC-PNC.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; Sorry Y=
oung, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on Interface in=
teraction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interface between
 VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Sergio<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CFC2dfweml706chm_--


From nobody Thu Oct  9 13:58:19 2014
Return-Path: <d.king@lancaster.ac.uk>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0B1761A8823 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 13:58:18 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -4.2
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.2 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id v0_DkLIT3Adt for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 13:58:09 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from ignavia.lancs.ac.uk (ignavia.lancs.ac.uk [148.88.25.16]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 024F41A87C5 for <actn@ietf.org>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 13:58:09 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from ex-0-ht0.lancs.ac.uk ([10.42.18.47] helo=EX-0-HT0.lancs.local) by ignavia.lancs.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.72) (envelope-from <d.king@lancaster.ac.uk>) id 1XcKmh-0000EZ-59; Thu, 09 Oct 2014 21:58:03 +0100
Received: from EX-0-MB2.lancs.local ([fe80::9d98:936b:54d1:c531]) by EX-0-HT0.lancs.local ([fe80::7d10:114a:53b0:7f2f%12]) with mapi id 14.03.0174.001; Thu, 9 Oct 2014 21:58:02 +0100
From: "King, Daniel" <d.king@lancaster.ac.uk>
To: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>, "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAAEL75AAAFbsYA=
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2014 20:58:02 +0000
Message-ID: <65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248@EX-0-MB2.lancs.local>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36@dfweml706-chm>
In-Reply-To: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36@dfweml706-chm>
Accept-Language: en-GB, en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [88.97.23.122]
x-iss-local-domain: 1
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248EX0MB2lancsloca_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/I2n6ggPkjn8xlibfOIwxXCSjdzs
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 09 Oct 2014 20:58:18 -0000

--_000_65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248EX0MB2lancsloca_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi All, including "Ignor" ;-)

Typical dichotomy between what operators want and what vendors are actually=
 willing to provide, group consensus will eventually help resolve that. Eit=
her way, the latest version of the Framework I-D is trying to focus ACTN di=
scussion and scope (i.e., the protocol work) on the interfaces which are in=
 scope, namely:

1. The CNC-VNC Interface (CVI)
- Create, modify and delete virtual network service instances
- Resource model

2. The VNC-PNC Interface (VPI)
- Mapping of physical and virtual resources
- Requests: path, provision, modify and restore

As Young suggests, if the VNC received physical topology info it would be p=
erforming the role of the Physical Network Controller (PNC), which is obvio=
usly a (somehow) required function, but the interface (direct provisioning =
of the actual physical network) is out of scope for ACTN.

Br, Dan.

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Leeyoung
Sent: 09 October 2014 21:32
To: Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarel=
li; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Ignor,

Thank you for providing your comment that pauses us to think more and under=
stand on the same level. I think your comment will contribute to crystalliz=
e the scope of work here.

First of all, I think there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assump=
tion on VNC receiving actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were =
to have actually topology (e.g. TED) of a network, this would be called a P=
NC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect has been discussed by emai=
l threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check the archive on that. The r=
eason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domain issue is no different f=
rom today's GMPLS/PCE issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not st=
ep on those areas. What VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is a=
n abstracted topology with varying degrees from actual underlying topology.=
 The reason why we distinguish the term VNC from PNC.

What can be defined on VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VN=
C to each PNC. As long as the detailed path computation and signaling withi=
n a domain are completely up to the domain PNC. VNC is not to be operated o=
n the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path computation is based on what i=
s exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology information details is kept=
 by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topology that can hide the exact de=
tails while exposing a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG=
 of virtual links (which may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed f=
or diversity routing calculation at the VNC. This is very different from ex=
posing the actual TE topology. You can view this as two level of path compu=
tation. VNC first computes an end-to-end path (using whatever constraint in=
formation it has), then coordinates with each PNC (telling the border nodes=
 information), then each PNC computes the domain specific path. When a PNC =
cannot provide a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be signaled=
 to VNC so that the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be able =
to find a feasible end-to-end path.  I would say this is a "two-phase" sign=
aling and path computation. The point is that there must be some level of h=
iding on abstract topology exposure from PNC to VNC and proprietary charact=
eristics of optical devices need to be dealt only with the corresponding PN=
C.

Regarding the term PNC vs. ANC, I wouldn't concern too much about the termi=
nology whichever works better. Thank you for your suggestion.

Lastly, please check the use-cases written by operators in the below links =
that consistently say they need a standard interface that can coordinate th=
eir multi-domain issues.

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-=
domains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/

Regards,
Young

Thanks,
Young


From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>=
; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<=
mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

I believe having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domai=
n PNCs is an extremely  idealistic view.

=3D=3D=3D=3D> BTW I find PNC is a bad term, I like much better Actual Netwo=
rk Controller  (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract topolo=
gies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has an =
access and manages actual provider network).

One reason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topol=
ogy, for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as=
 requested. Actual topology semantics (especially in WDM layer) is very dif=
ferent from vendor to vendor and contains a great variety of proprietary ex=
tensions, failing to understand which leads to producing unprovisionable se=
rvice paths. Do you really believe that a single VNC can talk in the same w=
ay to ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optica=
l providers to switch to WSON :=3D).

This is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this c=
ase North VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, t=
hat is, uses the same X interface.
IHMO whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, =
i.e. ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same =
north bound interface to potentially the same client (e.g.TFK).
IHMO interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.

Cheers,
Igor

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of BELOTTI, SERGIO (SER=
GIO)
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

thanks a lot for reply , please see in line just some further clarification

Regards
Sergio



From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele =
Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luy=
uanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Sergio,

Thanks for your feedback on the framework document. Please see in-line for =
my comment.

Regards,
Young

From: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; Leeyoung; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,

I read you Framework draft and I have some comments on that. Most are edito=
rial , other questions for clarifications.

General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarc=
hical level of controllers or linked to the multi-domain aspect that compel=
 to provide to the customer a single virtualized network even if composed b=
y real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the "virtualizer =
function" provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be insi=
de directly the PNC , correct?

YOUNG>> Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. For a single domain context, =
the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we need to factor in other scenario=
s such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a sof=
tware function that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opin=
ion, even for a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this inte=
rface as a standard interface.

Section 2 , page 4:
abstraction does not imply automatically virtualization,while virtualizatio=
n implies to have surely a certain form of abstraction. I would suggest to =
consider good definition contained into ONF SDN architecture document chapt=
er 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition =
can help all the reading.

YOUNG>> Agree. We will look into the mentioned document if the usage of ter=
ms are aligned with this document. If not, we will clarify the terminology =
more clearly.

Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects that are more related to p=
olicy like admission control  and guarantee of client isolation with real c=
omputational issue like Computing time , path constrains or re-optimization=
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager.

YOUNG>> Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some notes on the aspect of real-=
time related from non real time aspect. VNM is not to be mixed with Virtual=
 Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm which is known as Virtual Networ=
k Mapping which is a software module that converts client requests into act=
ual networks. Virtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a deve=
loped concept from VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefull=
y on this aspect what Virtual Network Manager is doing.

SB>>> If I understood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM i=
s strictly related to planning function so I this it is very import point i=
n the context of PNC , I would say

Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the different control interfac=
e presented in figure 5, I'm a bit confused as to what I/F E is - data plan=
e interface to provider physical network? Or is the intention to provide wh=
at can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from ne=
twork provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor=
 clear to me the intention

YOUNG>> Interface E is not what ACTN will focus on. It simply shows  an und=
erlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provider co=
ntroller, and the mapping to real physical resources.

SB>>> So if I interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interfa=
ce to PNC , the figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .


Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of potential NW topology between =
a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirecti=
onal I guess

YOUNG>> Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.

Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: "PCA abstracts the physical network topology =
into an abstracted topology" Looking at the description of VNC components i=
n 6.2.2 it is the resource manager devoting to provide abstract topology. D=
oes not exist any PCA component.



YOUNG>> Sorry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as t=
he Resource Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!



Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2=
 phase 8

YOUNG>> Thanks. Good catch!

Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC and PNC

YOUNG>> If you are referring to Section 7.3 where:

   Interfaces should also be scalable as a large amount of data needs

   to be transported across customers to virtual network controllers

   and across virtual network controllers and physical network

   controllers.



I think this implies both interfaces B and C although primarily between VNC=
-PNC.



SB>>> Sorry Young, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on=
 Interface interaction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interfac=
e between VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C


Thanks

Sergio


Thanks
Sergio

--_000_65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248EX0MB2lancsloca_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-=
1">
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Wingdings;
	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
p.MsoCommentText, li.MsoCommentText, div.MsoCommentText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text Char";
	margin-top:0cm;
	margin-right:0cm;
	margin-bottom:10.0pt;
	margin-left:0cm;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char";
	margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:10.5pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
	{mso-style-priority:34;
	margin-top:0cm;
	margin-right:0cm;
	margin-bottom:0cm;
	margin-left:36.0pt;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
span.CommentTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Comment Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text";}
span.PlainTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text";
	font-family:"Courier New";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle23
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle26
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle27
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle28
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
	margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-GB" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN=
-US">Hi All, including &#8220;Ignor&#8221; ;-)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN=
-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN=
-US">Typical dichotomy between what operators want and what vendors are act=
ually willing to provide, group consensus will eventually help resolve that=
. Either way, the latest version of
 the Framework I-D is trying to focus ACTN discussion and scope (i.e., the =
protocol work) on the interfaces which are in scope, namely:<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN=
-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN=
-US">1. The CNC-VNC Interface (CVI)
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN=
-US">- Create, modify and delete virtual network service instances
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN=
-US">- Resource model<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN=
-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN=
-US">2. The VNC-PNC Interface (VPI)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN=
-US">- Mapping of physical and virtual resources<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN=
-US">- Requests: path, provision, modify and restore<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN=
-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN=
-US">As Young suggests, if the VNC received physical topology info it would=
 be performing the role of the Physical Network Controller (PNC), which is =
obviously a (somehow) required function,
 but the interface (direct provisioning of the actual physical network) is =
out of scope for ACTN.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN=
-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN=
-US">Br, Dan.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><a name=3D"_MailEndCompose"><span style=3D"color:#1F=
497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></a></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang=
=3D"EN-US"> ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Leeyoung<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 09 October 2014 21:32<br>
<b>To:</b> Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org; Daniele C=
eccarelli; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Igno=
r,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thank y=
ou for providing your comment that pauses us to think more and understand o=
n the same level. I think your comment will contribute to crystallize the s=
cope of work here.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">First o=
f all, I think there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assumption on=
 VNC receiving actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were to have=
 actually topology (e.g. TED) of a network,
 this would be called a PNC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect h=
as been discussed by email threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check t=
he archive on that. The reason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domai=
n issue is no different from today&#8217;s
 GMPLS/PCE issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not step on those=
 areas. What VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is an abstracte=
d topology with varying degrees from actual underlying topology. The reason=
 why we distinguish the term VNC
 from PNC. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">What ca=
n be defined on VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VNC to ea=
ch PNC. As long as the detailed path computation and signaling within a dom=
ain are completely up to the domain PNC.
 VNC is not to be operated on the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path co=
mputation is based on what is exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology=
 information details is kept by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topolog=
y that can hide the exact details
 while exposing a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG of v=
irtual links (which may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed for di=
versity routing calculation at the VNC. This is very different from exposin=
g the actual TE topology. You can
 view this as two level of path computation. VNC first computes an end-to-e=
nd path (using whatever constraint information it has), then coordinates wi=
th each PNC (telling the border nodes information), then each PNC computes =
the domain specific path. When a
 PNC cannot provide a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be sig=
naled to VNC so that the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be =
able to find a feasible end-to-end path. &nbsp;I would say this is a &#8220=
;two-phase&#8221; signaling and path computation.
 The point is that there must be some level of hiding on abstract topology =
exposure from PNC to VNC and proprietary characteristics of optical devices=
 need to be dealt only with the corresponding PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regardi=
ng the term PNC vs. ANC, I wouldn&#8217;t concern too much about the termin=
ology whichever works better. Thank you for your suggestion.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Lastly,=
 please check the use-cases written by operators in the below links that co=
nsistently say they need a standard interface that can coordinate their mul=
ti-domain issues.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=
=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/">http=
s://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/</a><o:p></o:p=
></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=
=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-ven=
dor-domains/">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity=
-multi-vendor-domains/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=
=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/">ht=
tps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/</a><o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=
=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/">ht=
tps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/</a><o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=
=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/">ht=
tps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/</a><o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards=
,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;fo=
nt-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span =
lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&qu=
ot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bryskin [<a href=3D"mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.=
com">mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.=
org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">Hi Young,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">I believe having the same instance of VNC talking to different ve=
ndor domain PNCs is an extremely &nbsp;idealistic view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">=3D=3D</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-=
family:Wingdings;color:#1F497D">=E8</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"fon=
t-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"> BTW I find PNC is a bad
 term, I like much better Actual Network Controller&nbsp; (ANC). VNC (a.k.a=
. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract topologies, and to be able do that, it=
 talks to a ANC- a controller which has an access and manages actual provid=
er network).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">One reason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying ac=
tual topology, for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG d=
isjoint as requested. Actual topology
 semantics (especially in WDM layer) is very different from vendor to vendo=
r and contains a great variety of proprietary extensions, failing to unders=
tand which leads to producing unprovisionable service paths. Do you really =
believe that a single VNC can talk
 in the same way to ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to =
ask all optical providers to switch to WSON :=3D).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">This is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but=
 in this case North VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to So=
uth VNC, that is, uses the same X interface.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">IHMO whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprie=
tary way, i.e. ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing=
 the same north bound interface to potentially
 the same client (e.g.TFK).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">IHMO interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">Igor
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang=
=3D"EN-US"> ACTN [<a href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:actn-boun=
ces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Da=
niele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Young,<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">thanks =
a lot for reply , please see in line just some further clarification<o:p></=
o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;fo=
nt-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span =
lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&qu=
ot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mail=
to:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@=
ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Serg=
io,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks =
for your feedback on the framework document. Please see in-line for my comm=
ent.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards=
,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;fo=
nt-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span =
lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&qu=
ot;sans-serif&quot;"> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [<a href=3D"mailto:sergio.be=
lotti@alcatel-lucent.com">mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Cecc=
arelli; Leeyoung;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Hi Daniele , Young and all auth=
ors,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">I read you Framework draft and =
I have some comments on that. Most are editorial , other questions for clar=
ifications.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">General question: in the draft =
the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarchical level of controllers or l=
inked to the multi-domain aspect that compel to provide to the customer a s=
ingle virtualized network even if composed
 by real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the &#8220;virt=
ualizer function&#8221; provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context=
 could be inside directly the PNC , correct?
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes. That is the =
correct view of VNC. For a single domain context, the VNC can be integrated=
 with PNC. But we need to factor in other scenarios such as 1) VNC vendor m=
ay be different from PNC vendor or 2) VNC
 is a software function that operator may want to operate as its control. I=
n my opinion, even for a single domain, I think there is benefit to define =
this interface as a standard interface.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Section 2 , page 4: <o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">abstraction does not imply auto=
matically virtualization,while virtualization implies to have surely a cert=
ain form of abstraction. I would suggest to consider good definition contai=
ned into ONF SDN architecture document
 chapter 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good defin=
ition can help all the reading.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. We will lo=
ok into the mentioned document if the usage of terms are aligned with this =
document. If not, we will clarify the terminology more clearly.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Section 5: It seems to me you m=
ixed here aspects that are more related to policy like admission control &n=
bsp;and guarantee of client isolation with real computational issue like Co=
mputing time , path constrains or re-optimization
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Indeed. In Sectio=
n 5, we will put some notes on the aspect of real-time related from non rea=
l time aspect. VNM is not to be mixed with Virtual Network Manager. Here VN=
M is an algorithm which is known as Virtual
 Network Mapping which is a software module that converts client requests i=
nto actual networks. Virtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is=
 a developed concept from VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more c=
arefully on this aspect what Virtual
 Network Manager is doing. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&=
gt;&gt; If I understood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM=
 is strictly related to planning function so I this it is very import point=
 in the context of PNC , I would say<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Section 6.1 : while it is clear=
 the scope of the different control interface presented in figure 5, I&#821=
7;m a bit confused as to what I/F E is &#8211; data plane interface to prov=
ider physical network? Or is the intention to provide
 what can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from=
 network provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? =
Nor clear to me the intention<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Interface E is no=
t what ACTN will focus on. It simply shows &nbsp;an underlying model of res=
ources allocated to a customer from network provider controller, and the ma=
pping to real physical resources.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&=
gt;&gt; So if I interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal inter=
face to PNC , the figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Section 6.1, always figure=
 5: If a report of potential NW topology between a VNC and a CNC can be que=
ried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirectional I guess<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt"=
>YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28=
: &#8220;PCA abstracts the physical network topology into an abstracted top=
ology&#8221; Looking at the description of VNC components in 6.2.2 it is th=
e resource manager devoting to provide abstract
 topology. Does not exist any PCA component.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">Y=
OUNG&gt;&gt; Sorry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same=
 as the Resource Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In=
 the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2 phase 8<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt"=
>YOUNG&gt;&gt; Thanks. Good catch!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Page 30 : It is Interface =
C not B , between VNC and PNC<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">YOUNG&gt;&gt; If you are ref=
erring to Section 7.3 where:
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interfaces=
 should also be scalable as a large amount of data needs<o:p></o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp; to be transport=
ed across customers to virtual network controllers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp; and across virt=
ual network controllers and physical network<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp; controllers.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">I think this implies both in=
terfaces B and C although primarily between VNC-PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;fo=
nt-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;fo=
nt-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&=
gt;&gt; Sorry Young, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , =
on Interface interaction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as
 interface between VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Thanks<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Sergio<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248EX0MB2lancsloca_--


From nobody Thu Oct  9 14:14:51 2014
Return-Path: <jdrake@juniper.net>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EEF0A1A882C for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 14:14:48 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -1.901
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-1.901 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, SPF_HELO_PASS=-0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id SSXS1u99CT_9 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 14:14:40 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from na01-bn1-obe.outbound.protection.outlook.com (mail-bn1bon0766.outbound.protection.outlook.com [IPv6:2a01:111:f400:fc10::1:766]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 592521A8863 for <actn@ietf.org>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 14:14:40 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from BLUPR05MB562.namprd05.prod.outlook.com (10.141.202.141) by BLUPR05MB561.namprd05.prod.outlook.com (10.141.202.139) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1049.19; Thu, 9 Oct 2014 21:14:15 +0000
Received: from BLUPR05MB562.namprd05.prod.outlook.com ([10.141.202.141]) by BLUPR05MB562.namprd05.prod.outlook.com ([10.141.202.141]) with mapi id 15.00.1049.012; Thu, 9 Oct 2014 21:14:15 +0000
From: John E Drake <jdrake@juniper.net>
To: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>, "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAAEL75AAAGxRYAAALkB0A==
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2014 21:14:14 +0000
Message-ID: <9d0ce8ecae1145f1b777960f18f7ce83@BLUPR05MB562.namprd05.prod.outlook.com>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CFC2@dfweml706-chm>
In-Reply-To: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CFC2@dfweml706-chm>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-ms-exchange-transport-fromentityheader: Hosted
x-originating-ip: [66.129.241.10]
x-microsoft-antispam: BCL:0;PCL:0;RULEID:;SRVR:BLUPR05MB561;
x-exchange-antispam-report-test: UriScan:;
x-forefront-prvs: 0359162B6D
x-forefront-antispam-report: SFV:NSPM; SFS:(10019020)(199003)(164054003)(189002)(377454003)(106356001)(97736003)(15202345003)(101416001)(230783001)(108616004)(19625215002)(2501002)(105586002)(31966008)(33646002)(85306004)(76176999)(50986999)(19617315012)(93886004)(54356999)(107046002)(95666004)(2201001)(20776003)(99286002)(92566001)(46102003)(80022003)(76576001)(21056001)(16236675004)(120916001)(99396003)(19580395003)(2656002)(87936001)(86362001)(4396001)(76482002)(85852003)(64706001)(66066001)(19580405001)(19300405004)(74316001)(122556002)(19609705001)(15975445006)(40100002)(24736002); DIR:OUT; SFP:1102; SCL:1; SRVR:BLUPR05MB561; H:BLUPR05MB562.namprd05.prod.outlook.com; FPR:; MLV:sfv; PTR:InfoNoRecords; A:1; MX:1; LANG:en; 
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_9d0ce8ecae1145f1b777960f18f7ce83BLUPR05MB562namprd05pro_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-OriginatorOrg: juniper.net
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/EvKACMCtOeOp6Fe_x6LqaYYh-ys
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 09 Oct 2014 21:14:49 -0000

--_000_9d0ce8ecae1145f1b777960f18f7ce83BLUPR05MB562namprd05pro_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

It's actually spelled Ignore 8->

Yours Irrespectively,

John

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Leeyoung
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:53 PM
To: Leeyoung; Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org; Daniel=
e Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Sorry Igor for misspelling your name, no joke here. Take my apology!

From: Leeyoung
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 3:32 PM
To: 'Igor Bryskin'; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@iet=
f.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmai=
l.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Ignor,

Thank you for providing your comment that pauses us to think more and under=
stand on the same level. I think your comment will contribute to crystalliz=
e the scope of work here.

First of all, I think there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assump=
tion on VNC receiving actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were =
to have actually topology (e.g. TED) of a network, this would be called a P=
NC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect has been discussed by emai=
l threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check the archive on that. The r=
eason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domain issue is no different f=
rom today's GMPLS/PCE issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not st=
ep on those areas. What VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is a=
n abstracted topology with varying degrees from actual underlying topology.=
 The reason why we distinguish the term VNC from PNC.

What can be defined on VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VN=
C to each PNC. As long as the detailed path computation and signaling withi=
n a domain are completely up to the domain PNC. VNC is not to be operated o=
n the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path computation is based on what i=
s exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology information details is kept=
 by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topology that can hide the exact de=
tails while exposing a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG=
 of virtual links (which may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed f=
or diversity routing calculation at the VNC. This is very different from ex=
posing the actual TE topology. You can view this as two level of path compu=
tation. VNC first computes an end-to-end path (using whatever constraint in=
formation it has), then coordinates with each PNC (telling the border nodes=
 information), then each PNC computes the domain specific path. When a PNC =
cannot provide a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be signaled=
 to VNC so that the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be able =
to find a feasible end-to-end path.  I would say this is a "two-phase" sign=
aling and path computation. The point is that there must be some level of h=
iding on abstract topology exposure from PNC to VNC and proprietary charact=
eristics of optical devices need to be dealt only with the corresponding PN=
C.

Regarding the term PNC vs. ANC, I wouldn't concern too much about the termi=
nology whichever works better. Thank you for your suggestion.

Lastly, please check the use-cases written by operators in the below links =
that consistently say they need a standard interface that can coordinate th=
eir multi-domain issues.

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-=
domains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/

Regards,
Young

Thanks,
Young


From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>=
; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<=
mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

I believe having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domai=
n PNCs is an extremely  idealistic view.

=3D=3D=3D=3D> BTW I find PNC is a bad term, I like much better Actual Netwo=
rk Controller  (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract topolo=
gies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has an =
access and manages actual provider network).

One reason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topol=
ogy, for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as=
 requested. Actual topology semantics (especially in WDM layer) is very dif=
ferent from vendor to vendor and contains a great variety of proprietary ex=
tensions, failing to understand which leads to producing unprovisionable se=
rvice paths. Do you really believe that a single VNC can talk in the same w=
ay to ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optica=
l providers to switch to WSON :=3D).

This is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this c=
ase North VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, t=
hat is, uses the same X interface.
IHMO whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, =
i.e. ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same =
north bound interface to potentially the same client (e.g.TFK).
IHMO interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.

Cheers,
Igor

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of BELOTTI, SERGIO (SER=
GIO)
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

thanks a lot for reply , please see in line just some further clarification

Regards
Sergio



From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele =
Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luy=
uanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Sergio,

Thanks for your feedback on the framework document. Please see in-line for =
my comment.

Regards,
Young

From: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; Leeyoung; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,

I read you Framework draft and I have some comments on that. Most are edito=
rial , other questions for clarifications.

General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarc=
hical level of controllers or linked to the multi-domain aspect that compel=
 to provide to the customer a single virtualized network even if composed b=
y real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the "virtualizer =
function" provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be insi=
de directly the PNC , correct?

YOUNG>> Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. For a single domain context, =
the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we need to factor in other scenario=
s such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a sof=
tware function that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opin=
ion, even for a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this inte=
rface as a standard interface.

Section 2 , page 4:
abstraction does not imply automatically virtualization,while virtualizatio=
n implies to have surely a certain form of abstraction. I would suggest to =
consider good definition contained into ONF SDN architecture document chapt=
er 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition =
can help all the reading.

YOUNG>> Agree. We will look into the mentioned document if the usage of ter=
ms are aligned with this document. If not, we will clarify the terminology =
more clearly.

Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects that are more related to p=
olicy like admission control  and guarantee of client isolation with real c=
omputational issue like Computing time , path constrains or re-optimization=
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager.

YOUNG>> Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some notes on the aspect of real-=
time related from non real time aspect. VNM is not to be mixed with Virtual=
 Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm which is known as Virtual Networ=
k Mapping which is a software module that converts client requests into act=
ual networks. Virtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a deve=
loped concept from VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefull=
y on this aspect what Virtual Network Manager is doing.

SB>>> If I understood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM i=
s strictly related to planning function so I this it is very import point i=
n the context of PNC , I would say

Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the different control interfac=
e presented in figure 5, I'm a bit confused as to what I/F E is - data plan=
e interface to provider physical network? Or is the intention to provide wh=
at can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from ne=
twork provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor=
 clear to me the intention

YOUNG>> Interface E is not what ACTN will focus on. It simply shows  an und=
erlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provider co=
ntroller, and the mapping to real physical resources.

SB>>> So if I interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interfa=
ce to PNC , the figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .


Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of potential NW topology between =
a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirecti=
onal I guess

YOUNG>> Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.

Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: "PCA abstracts the physical network topology =
into an abstracted topology" Looking at the description of VNC components i=
n 6.2.2 it is the resource manager devoting to provide abstract topology. D=
oes not exist any PCA component.



YOUNG>> Sorry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as t=
he Resource Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!



Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2=
 phase 8

YOUNG>> Thanks. Good catch!

Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC and PNC

YOUNG>> If you are referring to Section 7.3 where:

   Interfaces should also be scalable as a large amount of data needs

   to be transported across customers to virtual network controllers

   and across virtual network controllers and physical network

   controllers.



I think this implies both interfaces B and C although primarily between VNC=
-PNC.



SB>>> Sorry Young, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on=
 Interface interaction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interfac=
e between VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C


Thanks

Sergio


Thanks
Sergio

--_000_9d0ce8ecae1145f1b777960f18f7ce83BLUPR05MB562namprd05pro_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-=
1">
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Wingdings;
	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
p.MsoCommentText, li.MsoCommentText, div.MsoCommentText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text Char";
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:10.0pt;
	margin-left:0in;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:10.5pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.CommentTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Comment Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text";}
span.PlainTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text";
	font-family:"Courier New";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle23
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle26
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle27
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle28
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle29
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">It&#8217;s actually sp=
elled Ignore 8-&gt;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Yours Irrespectively,<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">John<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in =
4.0pt">
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] <b>=
On Behalf Of
</b>Leeyoung<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:53 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org;=
 Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sorry Igor for misspel=
ling your name, no joke here. Take my apology!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 3:32 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Igor Bryskin'; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mailto:actn=
@ietf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">dieg=
o@tid.es</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Ignor,<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thank you for providin=
g your comment that pauses us to think more and understand on the same leve=
l. I think your comment will contribute to crystallize the scope of work he=
re.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">First of all, I think =
there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assumption on VNC receiving =
actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were to have actually topol=
ogy (e.g. TED) of a network, this would
 be called a PNC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect has been dis=
cussed by email threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check the archive =
on that. The reason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domain issue is =
no different from today&#8217;s GMPLS/PCE
 issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not step on those areas. Wh=
at VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is an abstracted topology=
 with varying degrees from actual underlying topology. The reason why we di=
stinguish the term VNC from PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">What can be defined on=
 VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VNC to each PNC. As long=
 as the detailed path computation and signaling within a domain are complet=
ely up to the domain PNC. VNC is not
 to be operated on the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path computation i=
s based on what is exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology informatio=
n details is kept by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topology that can =
hide the exact details while exposing
 a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG of virtual links (w=
hich may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed for diversity routing=
 calculation at the VNC. This is very different from exposing the actual TE=
 topology. You can view this as
 two level of path computation. VNC first computes an end-to-end path (usin=
g whatever constraint information it has), then coordinates with each PNC (=
telling the border nodes information), then each PNC computes the domain sp=
ecific path. When a PNC cannot provide
 a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be signaled to VNC so tha=
t the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be able to find a feas=
ible end-to-end path. &nbsp;I would say this is a &#8220;two-phase&#8221; s=
ignaling and path computation. The point is that
 there must be some level of hiding on abstract topology exposure from PNC =
to VNC and proprietary characteristics of optical devices need to be dealt =
only with the corresponding PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regarding the term PNC=
 vs. ANC, I wouldn&#8217;t concern too much about the terminology whichever=
 works better. Thank you for your suggestion.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Lastly, please check t=
he use-cases written by operators in the below links that consistently say =
they need a standard interface that can coordinate their multi-domain issue=
s.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/">https://datatracker=
.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-domains/">h=
ttps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-d=
omains/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bry=
skin [<a href=3D"mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com">mailto:IBryskin@advaoptic=
al.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.=
org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Yo=
ung,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">I bel=
ieve having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domain PNC=
s is an extremely &nbsp;idealistic view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">=3D=
=3D</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F49=
7D">=E8</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"> BTW I find PN=
C is a bad term, I like much better Actual Network
 Controller&nbsp; (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract top=
ologies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has =
an access and manages actual provider network).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">One r=
eason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topology, =
for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as requ=
ested. Actual topology semantics (especially
 in WDM layer) is very different from vendor to vendor and contains a great=
 variety of proprietary extensions, failing to understand which leads to pr=
oducing unprovisionable service paths. Do you really believe that a single =
VNC can talk in the same way to
 ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optical pro=
viders to switch to WSON :=3D).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">This =
is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this case N=
orth VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, that i=
s, uses the same X interface.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, i.e. =
ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same north=
 bound interface to potentially the
 same client (e.g.TFK).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor =
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [<a href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ie=
tf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Da=
niele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Young,<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">thanks a lot for reply=
 , please see in line just some further clarification<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@=
ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Sergio,<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your feedba=
ck on the framework document. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> BELOTTI,=
 SERGIO (SERGIO) [<a href=3D"mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com">mail=
to:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Cecc=
arelli; Leeyoung;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I read you Framework draft and I have some comments =
on that. Most are editorial , other questions for clarifications.<o:p></o:p=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is=
 in the view of hierarchical level of controllers or linked to the multi-do=
main aspect that compel to provide to the customer a single virtualized net=
work even if composed by real multi-domain
 multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the &#8220;virtualizer function&#822=
1; provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be inside dire=
ctly the PNC , correct?
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. =
For a single domain context, the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we nee=
d to factor in other scenarios such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from =
PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a software function
 that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opinion, even for =
a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this interface as a sta=
ndard interface.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 2 , page 4: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">abstraction does not imply automatically virtualizat=
ion,while virtualization implies to have surely a certain form of abstracti=
on. I would suggest to consider good definition contained into ONF SDN arch=
itecture document chapter 2.3 Conventions
 about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition can help all the r=
eading.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. We will look into the mentioned=
 document if the usage of terms are aligned with this document. If not, we =
will clarify the terminology more clearly.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects tha=
t are more related to policy like admission control &nbsp;and guarantee of =
client isolation with real computational issue like Computing time , path c=
onstrains or re-optimization process. Moreover
 the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit misleading since this te=
rm in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual Network Manager.<o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some=
 notes on the aspect of real-time related from non real time aspect. VNM is=
 not to be mixed with Virtual Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm whi=
ch is known as Virtual Network Mapping which
 is a software module that converts client requests into actual networks. V=
irtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a developed concept f=
rom VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefully on this aspec=
t what Virtual Network Manager is
 doing. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; If I un=
derstood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM is strictly re=
lated to planning function so I this it is very import point in the context=
 of PNC , I would say<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the dif=
ferent control interface presented in figure 5, I&#8217;m a bit confused as=
 to what I/F E is &#8211; data plane interface to provider physical network=
? Or is the intention to provide what can be the
 underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provide=
r controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor clear to me =
the intention<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Interface E is not what ACTN will focu=
s on. It simply shows &nbsp;an underlying model of resources allocated to a=
 customer from network provider controller, and the mapping to real physica=
l resources.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; So if I=
 interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interface to PNC , t=
he figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of po=
tential NW topology between a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in t=
he drawn has to be bidirectional I guess<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: &#8220;PCA abstract=
s the physical network topology into an abstracted topology&#8221; Looking =
at the description of VNC components in 6.2.2 it is the resource manager de=
voting to provide abstract topology. Does not
 exist any PCA component.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; So=
rry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as the Resourc=
e Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is=
 no phase 7, and there are 2 phase 8<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Thanks. Good catch!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC=
 and PNC<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">YOUNG&gt;&gt; If you are referring to Section 7.3=
 where: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interfaces should also be scala=
ble as a large amount of data needs<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; to be transported across customers t=
o virtual network controllers<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; and across virtual network controlle=
rs and physical network<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; controllers.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">I think this implies both interfaces B and C alth=
ough primarily between VNC-PNC.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; Sorry Y=
oung, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on Interface in=
teraction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interface between
 VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Sergio<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_9d0ce8ecae1145f1b777960f18f7ce83BLUPR05MB562namprd05pro_--


From nobody Thu Oct  9 18:16:23 2014
Return-Path: <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id E87F21AD04E for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 18:16:10 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.685
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.685 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id B0NLN8wQoJL8 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 18:15:55 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from mail3.advaoptical.com (mail3.advaoptical.com [74.202.24.82]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id D49711AD048 for <actn@ietf.org>; Thu,  9 Oct 2014 18:15:54 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com [172.16.5.39]) by atl-vs-fsmail.advaoptical.com (8.14.5/8.14.5) with ESMTP id s9A1FiYO032271 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=FAIL); Thu, 9 Oct 2014 21:15:44 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) by atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.39) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.181.6; Thu, 9 Oct 2014 21:15:44 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) by ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1044.5; Thu, 9 Oct 2014 21:15:44 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1]) by ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1%14]) with mapi id 15.00.1044.003; Thu, 9 Oct 2014 21:15:44 -0400
From: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
To: "King, Daniel" <d.king@lancaster.ac.uk>, Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAAEL75AAAFbsYAACSWiYA==
Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2014 01:15:43 +0000
Message-ID: <58713f40bbb24e379d6dc56ea85af0af@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36@dfweml706-chm> <65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248@EX-0-MB2.lancs.local>
In-Reply-To: <65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248@EX-0-MB2.lancs.local>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-ms-exchange-transport-fromentityheader: Hosted
x-originating-ip: [172.16.5.49]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_58713f40bbb24e379d6dc56ea85af0afATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=fsecure engine=2.50.10432:5.12.52, 1.0.28,  0.0.0000 definitions=2014-10-10_02:2014-10-10,2014-10-10,1970-01-01 signatures=0
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/xGOREmLROvRNLynHMhKuWlyIvfc
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2014 01:16:11 -0000

--_000_58713f40bbb24e379d6dc56ea85af0afATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Young and Dan,

It does not matter how you call me, and as John is helpfully applying, you =
can ignore what I am saying. But let me explain in some more details what I=
 meant.

Suppose we have a client (such as TFK) of a multi-domain transport network,=
 who wants to provision and manipulate e2e transport services the way he wa=
nts it (i.e. applying his policies). What would such client need?


1.     An access to a unified network TE topology that could be understood =
and used by the client's path computer to select service e2e paths. How doe=
s the client get such a topology? The necessary overlay topology comprises =
abstract topologies presented for the client by each of the transport domai=
ns + inter-domain TE links. Hence we are talking about interface #1 (and da=
ta model #1) between a provider hypervisor/VNC and the client controller to=
 expose in a unified abstract  way  its topology on per client/tenant basis=
. Furthermore, the client controller can use this interface in the opposite=
 direction to modify the said abstract topology (subject to the provider's =
 approval), because the client is the only guy who knows how the abstract t=
opology exposed to him should look like to be useful (e.g. which and how th=
e abstract links should be disjoint from each other, how many of them shoul=
d be provided, their attributes, desired recovery capabilities, etc,). This=
 knowledge is supposed to come from the client's network planning.

2.     A way to provision/modify/delete e2e services with the use of so com=
puted e2e paths. The client's controller does that by chopping the paths in=
to per-domain segments and instructs respective domain VNCs/Hypervisors to =
set up/manipulate service respective connection segments. Hence we are talk=
ing about interface #2 (data model #2) for the service segment manipulation=
;

3.     A way to monitor, troubleshoot, carry out maintenance of the active =
e2e services. This would require interface #3 (data model #3) between the c=
lient's controller and domains VNCs/Hypervisors for this purpose.

So, we are talking 3 Yang models with required modifications to neither Net=
conf/Restconf, nor
 To any other management, routing or signaling protocol.

Now I have a couple of questions to you:

1.     In this example, what else (in addition to these three models) the c=
lient such as TFK in your opinion would need?

2.     What else the network providers and their vendors such as ADVA or CI=
EN would need?

3.     What is the importance of a construct such as PNC?


My answer to 3. "Is not important at all, irrelevant" for the following rea=
sons:

a)     What happens beyond the VNC/Hypervisor in the provider network is co=
mpletely proprietary.

b)     There could be numerous ways as to how the provider network is manag=
ed. Examples: centralized PNC (as you call it), ADVA style GMPLS based netw=
ork intelligence, CIEN style PNNI based control plane, etc. Why is that of =
ACTN's business?

Cheers,
Igor

From: King, Daniel [mailto:d.king@lancaster.ac.uk]
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 4:58 PM
To: Leeyoung; Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org; Daniel=
e Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi All, including "Ignor" ;-)

Typical dichotomy between what operators want and what vendors are actually=
 willing to provide, group consensus will eventually help resolve that. Eit=
her way, the latest version of the Framework I-D is trying to focus ACTN di=
scussion and scope (i.e., the protocol work) on the interfaces which are in=
 scope, namely:

1. The CNC-VNC Interface (CVI)
- Create, modify and delete virtual network service instances
- Resource model

2. The VNC-PNC Interface (VPI)
- Mapping of physical and virtual resources
- Requests: path, provision, modify and restore

As Young suggests, if the VNC received physical topology info it would be p=
erforming the role of the Physical Network Controller (PNC), which is obvio=
usly a (somehow) required function, but the interface (direct provisioning =
of the actual physical network) is out of scope for ACTN.

Br, Dan.

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Leeyoung
Sent: 09 October 2014 21:32
To: Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarel=
li; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Ignor,

Thank you for providing your comment that pauses us to think more and under=
stand on the same level. I think your comment will contribute to crystalliz=
e the scope of work here.

First of all, I think there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assump=
tion on VNC receiving actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were =
to have actually topology (e.g. TED) of a network, this would be called a P=
NC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect has been discussed by emai=
l threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check the archive on that. The r=
eason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domain issue is no different f=
rom today's GMPLS/PCE issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not st=
ep on those areas. What VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is a=
n abstracted topology with varying degrees from actual underlying topology.=
 The reason why we distinguish the term VNC from PNC.

What can be defined on VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VN=
C to each PNC. As long as the detailed path computation and signaling withi=
n a domain are completely up to the domain PNC. VNC is not to be operated o=
n the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path computation is based on what i=
s exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology information details is kept=
 by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topology that can hide the exact de=
tails while exposing a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG=
 of virtual links (which may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed f=
or diversity routing calculation at the VNC. This is very different from ex=
posing the actual TE topology. You can view this as two level of path compu=
tation. VNC first computes an end-to-end path (using whatever constraint in=
formation it has), then coordinates with each PNC (telling the border nodes=
 information), then each PNC computes the domain specific path. When a PNC =
cannot provide a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be signaled=
 to VNC so that the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be able =
to find a feasible end-to-end path.  I would say this is a "two-phase" sign=
aling and path computation. The point is that there must be some level of h=
iding on abstract topology exposure from PNC to VNC and proprietary charact=
eristics of optical devices need to be dealt only with the corresponding PN=
C.

Regarding the term PNC vs. ANC, I wouldn't concern too much about the termi=
nology whichever works better. Thank you for your suggestion.

Lastly, please check the use-cases written by operators in the below links =
that consistently say they need a standard interface that can coordinate th=
eir multi-domain issues.

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-=
domains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/

Regards,
Young

Thanks,
Young


From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>=
; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<=
mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

I believe having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domai=
n PNCs is an extremely  idealistic view.

=3D=3D=3D=3D> BTW I find PNC is a bad term, I like much better Actual Netwo=
rk Controller  (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract topolo=
gies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has an =
access and manages actual provider network).

One reason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topol=
ogy, for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as=
 requested. Actual topology semantics (especially in WDM layer) is very dif=
ferent from vendor to vendor and contains a great variety of proprietary ex=
tensions, failing to understand which leads to producing unprovisionable se=
rvice paths. Do you really believe that a single VNC can talk in the same w=
ay to ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optica=
l providers to switch to WSON :=3D).

This is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this c=
ase North VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, t=
hat is, uses the same X interface.
IHMO whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, =
i.e. ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same =
north bound interface to potentially the same client (e.g.TFK).
IHMO interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.

Cheers,
Igor

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of BELOTTI, SERGIO (SER=
GIO)
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

thanks a lot for reply , please see in line just some further clarification

Regards
Sergio



From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele =
Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luy=
uanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Sergio,

Thanks for your feedback on the framework document. Please see in-line for =
my comment.

Regards,
Young

From: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; Leeyoung; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,

I read you Framework draft and I have some comments on that. Most are edito=
rial , other questions for clarifications.

General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarc=
hical level of controllers or linked to the multi-domain aspect that compel=
 to provide to the customer a single virtualized network even if composed b=
y real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the "virtualizer =
function" provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be insi=
de directly the PNC , correct?

YOUNG>> Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. For a single domain context, =
the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we need to factor in other scenario=
s such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a sof=
tware function that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opin=
ion, even for a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this inte=
rface as a standard interface.

Section 2 , page 4:
abstraction does not imply automatically virtualization,while virtualizatio=
n implies to have surely a certain form of abstraction. I would suggest to =
consider good definition contained into ONF SDN architecture document chapt=
er 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition =
can help all the reading.

YOUNG>> Agree. We will look into the mentioned document if the usage of ter=
ms are aligned with this document. If not, we will clarify the terminology =
more clearly.

Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects that are more related to p=
olicy like admission control  and guarantee of client isolation with real c=
omputational issue like Computing time , path constrains or re-optimization=
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager.

YOUNG>> Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some notes on the aspect of real-=
time related from non real time aspect. VNM is not to be mixed with Virtual=
 Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm which is known as Virtual Networ=
k Mapping which is a software module that converts client requests into act=
ual networks. Virtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a deve=
loped concept from VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefull=
y on this aspect what Virtual Network Manager is doing.

SB>>> If I understood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM i=
s strictly related to planning function so I this it is very import point i=
n the context of PNC , I would say

Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the different control interfac=
e presented in figure 5, I'm a bit confused as to what I/F E is - data plan=
e interface to provider physical network? Or is the intention to provide wh=
at can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from ne=
twork provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor=
 clear to me the intention

YOUNG>> Interface E is not what ACTN will focus on. It simply shows  an und=
erlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provider co=
ntroller, and the mapping to real physical resources.

SB>>> So if I interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interfa=
ce to PNC , the figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .


Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of potential NW topology between =
a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirecti=
onal I guess

YOUNG>> Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.

Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: "PCA abstracts the physical network topology =
into an abstracted topology" Looking at the description of VNC components i=
n 6.2.2 it is the resource manager devoting to provide abstract topology. D=
oes not exist any PCA component.



YOUNG>> Sorry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as t=
he Resource Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!



Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2=
 phase 8

YOUNG>> Thanks. Good catch!

Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC and PNC

YOUNG>> If you are referring to Section 7.3 where:

   Interfaces should also be scalable as a large amount of data needs

   to be transported across customers to virtual network controllers

   and across virtual network controllers and physical network

   controllers.



I think this implies both interfaces B and C although primarily between VNC=
-PNC.



SB>>> Sorry Young, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on=
 Interface interaction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interfac=
e between VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C


Thanks

Sergio


Thanks
Sergio

--_000_58713f40bbb24e379d6dc56ea85af0afATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-=
1">
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Wingdings;
	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Wingdings;
	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
p.MsoCommentText, li.MsoCommentText, div.MsoCommentText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text Char";
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:10.0pt;
	margin-left:0in;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:10.5pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
	{mso-style-priority:34;
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:0in;
	margin-left:.5in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
span.CommentTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Comment Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text";}
span.PlainTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text";
	font-family:"Courier New";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle26
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle27
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle28
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle29
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle30
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
	{mso-list-id:552234431;
	mso-list-type:hybrid;
	mso-list-template-ids:208160096 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 676987=
13 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l0:level1
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level2
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level3
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l0:level4
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level5
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level6
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l0:level7
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level8
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level9
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l1
	{mso-list-id:1029986136;
	mso-list-type:hybrid;
	mso-list-template-ids:1694808746 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698=
713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l1:level1
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l1:level2
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l1:level3
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l1:level4
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l1:level5
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l1:level6
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l1:level7
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l1:level8
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l1:level9
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l2
	{mso-list-id:1340278428;
	mso-list-type:hybrid;
	mso-list-template-ids:307534060 67698711 67698713 67698715 67698703 676987=
13 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l2:level1
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-text:"%1\)";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l2:level2
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l2:level3
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l2:level4
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l2:level5
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l2:level6
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l2:level7
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l2:level8
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l2:level9
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
ol
	{margin-bottom:0in;}
ul
	{margin-bottom:0in;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Young=
 and Dan,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">It do=
es not matter how you call me, and as John is helpfully applying, you can i=
gnore what I am saying. But let me explain in some more details what I mean=
t.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Suppo=
se we have a client (such as TFK) of a multi-domain transport network, who =
wants to provision and manipulate e2e transport services the way he wants i=
t (i.e. applying his policies). What
 would such client need?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level=
1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"=
><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times Ne=
w Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497=
D">An access to a unified network TE topology that could be understood and =
used by the client&#8217;s path computer to select service e2e paths. How d=
oes the client get such a topology? The
 necessary overlay topology comprises abstract topologies presented for the=
 client by each of the transport domains &#43; inter-domain TE links. Hence=
 we are talking about interface #1 (and data model #1) between a provider h=
ypervisor/VNC and the client controller
 to expose in a unified abstract &nbsp;way &nbsp;its topology on per client=
/tenant basis. Furthermore, the client controller can use this interface in=
 the opposite direction to modify the said abstract topology (subject to th=
e provider&#8217;s &nbsp;approval), because the client
 is the only guy who knows how the abstract topology exposed to him should =
look like to be useful (e.g. which and how the abstract links should be dis=
joint from each other, how many of them should be provided, their attribute=
s, desired recovery capabilities,
 etc,). This knowledge is supposed to come from the client&#8217;s network =
planning.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level=
1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"=
><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times Ne=
w Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497=
D">A way to provision/modify/delete e2e services with the use of so compute=
d e2e paths. The client&#8217;s controller does that by chopping the paths =
into per-domain segments and instructs respective
 domain VNCs/Hypervisors to set up/manipulate service respective connection=
 segments. Hence we are talking about interface #2 (data model #2) for the =
service segment manipulation;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level=
1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"=
><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times Ne=
w Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497=
D">A way to monitor, troubleshoot, carry out maintenance of the active e2e =
services. This would require interface #3 (data model #3) between the clien=
t&#8217;s controller and domains VNCs/Hypervisors
 for this purpose.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">So, w=
e are talking 3 Yang models with required modifications to neither Netconf/=
Restconf, nor &nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;To any other management, routing or signaling protocol.<o:p></o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Now I=
 have a couple of questions to you:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level=
1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"=
><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times Ne=
w Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497=
D">In this example, what else (in addition to these three models) the clien=
t such as TFK in your opinion would need?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level=
1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"=
><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times Ne=
w Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497=
D">What else the network providers and their vendors such as ADVA or CIEN w=
ould need?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level=
1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"=
><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times Ne=
w Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497=
D">What is the importance of a construct such as PNC?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D=
"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">My an=
swer to 3. &#8220;Is not important at all, irrelevant&#8221; for the follow=
ing reasons:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level=
1 lfo3"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"=
><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">a)<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times Ne=
w Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497=
D">What happens beyond the VNC/Hypervisor in the provider network is comple=
tely proprietary.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level=
1 lfo3"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"=
><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">b)<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times Ne=
w Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497=
D">There could be numerous ways as to how the provider network is managed. =
Examples: centralized PNC (as you call it), ADVA style GMPLS based network =
intelligence, CIEN style PNNI based
 control plane, etc. Why is that of ACTN&#8217;s business?<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> King, Daniel [mailto:d.king@lancaster.a=
c.uk] <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 4:58 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org;=
 Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi All,=
 including &#8220;Ignor&#8221; ;-)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Typical=
 dichotomy between what operators want and what vendors are actually willin=
g to provide, group consensus will eventually help resolve that. Either way=
, the latest version of the Framework
 I-D is trying to focus ACTN discussion and scope (i.e., the protocol work)=
 on the interfaces which are in scope, namely:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">1. The =
CNC-VNC Interface (CVI)
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Creat=
e, modify and delete virtual network service instances
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Resou=
rce model<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">2. The =
VNC-PNC Interface (VPI)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Mappi=
ng of physical and virtual resources<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Reque=
sts: path, provision, modify and restore<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">As Youn=
g suggests, if the VNC received physical topology info it would be performi=
ng the role of the Physical Network Controller (PNC), which is obviously a =
(somehow) required function, but the interface
 (direct provisioning of the actual physical network) is out of scope for A=
CTN.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Br, Dan=
. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><a name=3D"_MailEndCompose"></a><span lang=3D"EN-GB"=
 style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] <b>=
On Behalf Of
</b>Leeyoung<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 09 October 2014 21:32<br>
<b>To:</b> Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org; Daniele C=
eccarelli; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Ignor,<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thank you for providin=
g your comment that pauses us to think more and understand on the same leve=
l. I think your comment will contribute to crystallize the scope of work he=
re.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">First of all, I think =
there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assumption on VNC receiving =
actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were to have actually topol=
ogy (e.g. TED) of a network, this would
 be called a PNC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect has been dis=
cussed by email threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check the archive =
on that. The reason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domain issue is =
no different from today&#8217;s GMPLS/PCE
 issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not step on those areas. Wh=
at VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is an abstracted topology=
 with varying degrees from actual underlying topology. The reason why we di=
stinguish the term VNC from PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">What can be defined on=
 VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VNC to each PNC. As long=
 as the detailed path computation and signaling within a domain are complet=
ely up to the domain PNC. VNC is not
 to be operated on the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path computation i=
s based on what is exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology informatio=
n details is kept by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topology that can =
hide the exact details while exposing
 a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG of virtual links (w=
hich may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed for diversity routing=
 calculation at the VNC. This is very different from exposing the actual TE=
 topology. You can view this as
 two level of path computation. VNC first computes an end-to-end path (usin=
g whatever constraint information it has), then coordinates with each PNC (=
telling the border nodes information), then each PNC computes the domain sp=
ecific path. When a PNC cannot provide
 a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be signaled to VNC so tha=
t the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be able to find a feas=
ible end-to-end path. &nbsp;I would say this is a &#8220;two-phase&#8221; s=
ignaling and path computation. The point is that
 there must be some level of hiding on abstract topology exposure from PNC =
to VNC and proprietary characteristics of optical devices need to be dealt =
only with the corresponding PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regarding the term PNC=
 vs. ANC, I wouldn&#8217;t concern too much about the terminology whichever=
 works better. Thank you for your suggestion.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Lastly, please check t=
he use-cases written by operators in the below links that consistently say =
they need a standard interface that can coordinate their multi-domain issue=
s.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/">https://datatracker=
.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-domains/">h=
ttps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-d=
omains/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bry=
skin [<a href=3D"mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com">mailto:IBryskin@advaoptic=
al.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.=
org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Yo=
ung,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">I bel=
ieve having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domain PNC=
s is an extremely &nbsp;idealistic view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">=3D=
=3D</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F49=
7D">=E8</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"> BTW I find PN=
C is a bad term, I like much better Actual Network
 Controller&nbsp; (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract top=
ologies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has =
an access and manages actual provider network).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">One r=
eason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topology, =
for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as requ=
ested. Actual topology semantics (especially
 in WDM layer) is very different from vendor to vendor and contains a great=
 variety of proprietary extensions, failing to understand which leads to pr=
oducing unprovisionable service paths. Do you really believe that a single =
VNC can talk in the same way to
 ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optical pro=
viders to switch to WSON :=3D).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">This =
is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this case N=
orth VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, that i=
s, uses the same X interface.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, i.e. =
ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same north=
 bound interface to potentially the
 same client (e.g.TFK).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor =
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [<a href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ie=
tf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Da=
niele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Young,<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">thanks a lot for reply=
 , please see in line just some further clarification<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@=
ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Sergio,<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your feedba=
ck on the framework document. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> BELOTTI,=
 SERGIO (SERGIO) [<a href=3D"mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com">mail=
to:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Cecc=
arelli; Leeyoung;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I read you Framework draft and I have some comments =
on that. Most are editorial , other questions for clarifications.<o:p></o:p=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is=
 in the view of hierarchical level of controllers or linked to the multi-do=
main aspect that compel to provide to the customer a single virtualized net=
work even if composed by real multi-domain
 multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the &#8220;virtualizer function&#822=
1; provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be inside dire=
ctly the PNC , correct?
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. =
For a single domain context, the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we nee=
d to factor in other scenarios such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from =
PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a software function
 that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opinion, even for =
a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this interface as a sta=
ndard interface.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 2 , page 4: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">abstraction does not imply automatically virtualizat=
ion,while virtualization implies to have surely a certain form of abstracti=
on. I would suggest to consider good definition contained into ONF SDN arch=
itecture document chapter 2.3 Conventions
 about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition can help all the r=
eading.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. We will look into the mentioned=
 document if the usage of terms are aligned with this document. If not, we =
will clarify the terminology more clearly.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects tha=
t are more related to policy like admission control &nbsp;and guarantee of =
client isolation with real computational issue like Computing time , path c=
onstrains or re-optimization process. Moreover
 the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit misleading since this te=
rm in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual Network Manager.<o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some=
 notes on the aspect of real-time related from non real time aspect. VNM is=
 not to be mixed with Virtual Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm whi=
ch is known as Virtual Network Mapping which
 is a software module that converts client requests into actual networks. V=
irtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a developed concept f=
rom VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefully on this aspec=
t what Virtual Network Manager is
 doing. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; If I un=
derstood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM is strictly re=
lated to planning function so I this it is very import point in the context=
 of PNC , I would say<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the dif=
ferent control interface presented in figure 5, I&#8217;m a bit confused as=
 to what I/F E is &#8211; data plane interface to provider physical network=
? Or is the intention to provide what can be the
 underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provide=
r controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor clear to me =
the intention<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Interface E is not what ACTN will focu=
s on. It simply shows &nbsp;an underlying model of resources allocated to a=
 customer from network provider controller, and the mapping to real physica=
l resources.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; So if I=
 interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interface to PNC , t=
he figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of po=
tential NW topology between a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in t=
he drawn has to be bidirectional I guess<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: &#8220;PCA abstract=
s the physical network topology into an abstracted topology&#8221; Looking =
at the description of VNC components in 6.2.2 it is the resource manager de=
voting to provide abstract topology. Does not
 exist any PCA component.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; So=
rry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as the Resourc=
e Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is=
 no phase 7, and there are 2 phase 8<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Thanks. Good catch!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC=
 and PNC<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">YOUNG&gt;&gt; If you are referring to Section 7.3=
 where: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interfaces should also be scala=
ble as a large amount of data needs<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; to be transported across customers t=
o virtual network controllers<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; and across virtual network controlle=
rs and physical network<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; controllers.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">I think this implies both interfaces B and C alth=
ough primarily between VNC-PNC.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; Sorry Y=
oung, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on Interface in=
teraction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interface between
 VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Sergio<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_58713f40bbb24e379d6dc56ea85af0afATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_--


From nobody Fri Oct 10 10:25:10 2014
Return-Path: <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9EC031A8FD6 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 10 Oct 2014 10:25:01 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.6
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.6 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW=-0.7, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id jvC3mERAcMld for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 10 Oct 2014 10:24:50 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from sessmg22.ericsson.net (sessmg22.ericsson.net [193.180.251.58]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id EB0DA1A8822 for <actn@ietf.org>; Fri, 10 Oct 2014 10:24:46 -0700 (PDT)
X-AuditID: c1b4fb3a-f79596d000001123-10-5438165c529a
Received: from ESESSHC004.ericsson.se (Unknown_Domain [153.88.253.124]) by sessmg22.ericsson.net (Symantec Mail Security) with SMTP id 8F.3C.04387.C5618345; Fri, 10 Oct 2014 19:24:44 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from ESESSMB301.ericsson.se ([169.254.1.79]) by ESESSHC004.ericsson.se ([153.88.183.30]) with mapi id 14.03.0174.001; Fri, 10 Oct 2014 19:24:44 +0200
From: Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>
To: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>, "King, Daniel" <d.king@lancaster.ac.uk>, Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAAEL75AAAFbsYAACSWiYAAaCV2g
Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2014 17:24:43 +0000
Message-ID: <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3AE@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36@dfweml706-chm> <65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248@EX-0-MB2.lancs.local> <58713f40bbb24e379d6dc56ea85af0af@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
In-Reply-To: <58713f40bbb24e379d6dc56ea85af0af@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
Accept-Language: it-IT, en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [153.88.183.149]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3AEESESSMB301erics_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Brightmail-Tracker: H4sIAAAAAAAAA+NgFtrDIsWRmVeSWpSXmKPExsUyM+JvjW6MmEWIwdLVKhZbei6wWbxYF2yx ctJddoulTU8YLU71tDNaTJvnarF693kmi2Wbf7M7cHicXfCH1aP12V5Wj52z7rJ7tBx5y+qx ZMlPJo9TB9I9nvzdwhzAHsVlk5Kak1mWWqRvl8CV8WTPQ8aCljvMFVtPLGNtYFw5i7mLkZND QsBE4t3eg6wQtpjEhXvr2boYuTiEBI4ySuxo6maEcBYzSmxe8hHI4eBgE7CSeHLIByQuIrCU SWLWiUZWkDizgLnEnePJIIOEBWwkNmxdyQ5iiwjYSsy6+5AJwo6SOPHvBNhiFgFViRnfdoPF eQV8Jd7NWgq16zWzxKnza1hAEpwCPhJTDuxlBLEZBWQlJuxeBGYzC4hL3HoynwniagGJJXvO Q30jKvHy8T+ob5Qk1h7ezgJRny9x5tQGZohlghInZz5hmcAoOgvJqFlIymYhKYOI60ncmDqF DcLWlli28DUzhK0rMePfIRZk8QWM7KsYRYtTi4tz042M9FKLMpOLi/Pz9PJSSzYxAqP74Jbf VjsYDz53PMQowMGoxMO7wNY8RIg1say4MvcQozQHi5I478Jz84KFBNITS1KzU1MLUovii0pz UosPMTJxcEo1MHYr/XMV2in/8SGz9PwVxvd+xH7Ue73rqkjUdI6zVaaVetPUq7qiF80q/J3+ wdGSQUZ0y/q/NvahOjtPfZwb67+wWIm3T8163qEFBTtP53qnNSmpMR5LeXpmnWi6kNUklrtP W0s8vVVF5pm7PhQ2tZnp/fajYWZ12razB522xvraGPgtqN1jpMRSnJFoqMVcVJwIAJZF2inP AgAA
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/60vPJ16F5MpYQZNgphm7gr9ROFc
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2014 17:25:01 -0000

--_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3AEESESSMB301erics_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Igor,

What do you mean by client here? The one that is the document is called "se=
rvice provider" or the one that is called "client" ? From what you send I t=
end to think you are talking about the service provider, but I might be wro=
ng, please correct me.

I don't think the client of the multi-domain network wants to have a so det=
ailed view of the network, he does not care about domains, inter domain lin=
ks or whatever, I would say he only cares about a given amount of Gbps from=
 A to B with a given max delay and probably some diversity parameters.

On the other side, the one that cares about all of the issues you listed is=
 the service provider (as per actual document terminology). However also th=
e service provider does not go into physical impairment details. He cares a=
bout connectivity between the borders of the domains, inter domain links. H=
ow such connectivity is provisioned/managed is the network provider busines=
s. The network provides might be using GMPLS, NMS and ONF controller with O=
pen Flow or whatever to control the network. Maybe calling it PNC is confus=
ing? The PNC can be any of the things I've listed and much more.

Hence the interfaces to be considered are two, not three (as Dan said) I th=
ink this replies to questions 1 and 3. Just to add something regarding 2, I=
 would say that they need just a single entry point to the network control =
(could be a small piece of code running on top of the PCE of your GMPLS dom=
ain), which acts as an interface between the VNC and the control plane of y=
our network and performs: "- Mapping of physical and virtual resources" and=
  "Requests: path, provision, modify and restore".

Cheers
Daniele



From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: venerd=EC 10 ottobre 2014 03:16
To: King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org; Daniel=
e Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Young and Dan,

It does not matter how you call me, and as John is helpfully applying, you =
can ignore what I am saying. But let me explain in some more details what I=
 meant.

Suppose we have a client (such as TFK) of a multi-domain transport network,=
 who wants to provision and manipulate e2e transport services the way he wa=
nts it (i.e. applying his policies). What would such client need?


1.     An access to a unified network TE topology that could be understood =
and used by the client's path computer to select service e2e paths. How doe=
s the client get such a topology? The necessary overlay topology comprises =
abstract topologies presented for the client by each of the transport domai=
ns + inter-domain TE links. Hence we are talking about interface #1 (and da=
ta model #1) between a provider hypervisor/VNC and the client controller to=
 expose in a unified abstract  way  its topology on per client/tenant basis=
. Furthermore, the client controller can use this interface in the opposite=
 direction to modify the said abstract topology (subject to the provider's =
 approval), because the client is the only guy who knows how the abstract t=
opology exposed to him should look like to be useful (e.g. which and how th=
e abstract links should be disjoint from each other, how many of them shoul=
d be provided, their attributes, desired recovery capabilities, etc,). This=
 knowledge is supposed to come from the client's network planning.

2.     A way to provision/modify/delete e2e services with the use of so com=
puted e2e paths. The client's controller does that by chopping the paths in=
to per-domain segments and instructs respective domain VNCs/Hypervisors to =
set up/manipulate service respective connection segments. Hence we are talk=
ing about interface #2 (data model #2) for the service segment manipulation=
;

3.     A way to monitor, troubleshoot, carry out maintenance of the active =
e2e services. This would require interface #3 (data model #3) between the c=
lient's controller and domains VNCs/Hypervisors for this purpose.

So, we are talking 3 Yang models with required modifications to neither Net=
conf/Restconf, nor
 To any other management, routing or signaling protocol.

Now I have a couple of questions to you:

1.     In this example, what else (in addition to these three models) the c=
lient such as TFK in your opinion would need?

2.     What else the network providers and their vendors such as ADVA or CI=
EN would need?

3.     What is the importance of a construct such as PNC?


My answer to 3. "Is not important at all, irrelevant" for the following rea=
sons:

a)     What happens beyond the VNC/Hypervisor in the provider network is co=
mpletely proprietary.

b)     There could be numerous ways as to how the provider network is manag=
ed. Examples: centralized PNC (as you call it), ADVA style GMPLS based netw=
ork intelligence, CIEN style PNNI based control plane, etc. Why is that of =
ACTN's business?

Cheers,
Igor

From: King, Daniel [mailto:d.king@lancaster.ac.uk]
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 4:58 PM
To: Leeyoung; Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:=
actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyu=
anf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi All, including "Ignor" ;-)

Typical dichotomy between what operators want and what vendors are actually=
 willing to provide, group consensus will eventually help resolve that. Eit=
her way, the latest version of the Framework I-D is trying to focus ACTN di=
scussion and scope (i.e., the protocol work) on the interfaces which are in=
 scope, namely:

1. The CNC-VNC Interface (CVI)
- Create, modify and delete virtual network service instances
- Resource model

2. The VNC-PNC Interface (VPI)
- Mapping of physical and virtual resources
- Requests: path, provision, modify and restore

As Young suggests, if the VNC received physical topology info it would be p=
erforming the role of the Physical Network Controller (PNC), which is obvio=
usly a (somehow) required function, but the interface (direct provisioning =
of the actual physical network) is out of scope for ACTN.

Br, Dan.

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Leeyoung
Sent: 09 October 2014 21:32
To: Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.=
org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.=
com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Ignor,

Thank you for providing your comment that pauses us to think more and under=
stand on the same level. I think your comment will contribute to crystalliz=
e the scope of work here.

First of all, I think there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assump=
tion on VNC receiving actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were =
to have actually topology (e.g. TED) of a network, this would be called a P=
NC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect has been discussed by emai=
l threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check the archive on that. The r=
eason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domain issue is no different f=
rom today's GMPLS/PCE issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not st=
ep on those areas. What VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is a=
n abstracted topology with varying degrees from actual underlying topology.=
 The reason why we distinguish the term VNC from PNC.

What can be defined on VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VN=
C to each PNC. As long as the detailed path computation and signaling withi=
n a domain are completely up to the domain PNC. VNC is not to be operated o=
n the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path computation is based on what i=
s exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology information details is kept=
 by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topology that can hide the exact de=
tails while exposing a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG=
 of virtual links (which may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed f=
or diversity routing calculation at the VNC. This is very different from ex=
posing the actual TE topology. You can view this as two level of path compu=
tation. VNC first computes an end-to-end path (using whatever constraint in=
formation it has), then coordinates with each PNC (telling the border nodes=
 information), then each PNC computes the domain specific path. When a PNC =
cannot provide a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be signaled=
 to VNC so that the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be able =
to find a feasible end-to-end path.  I would say this is a "two-phase" sign=
aling and path computation. The point is that there must be some level of h=
iding on abstract topology exposure from PNC to VNC and proprietary charact=
eristics of optical devices need to be dealt only with the corresponding PN=
C.

Regarding the term PNC vs. ANC, I wouldn't concern too much about the termi=
nology whichever works better. Thank you for your suggestion.

Lastly, please check the use-cases written by operators in the below links =
that consistently say they need a standard interface that can coordinate th=
eir multi-domain issues.

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-=
domains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/

Regards,
Young

Thanks,
Young


From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>=
; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<=
mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

I believe having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domai=
n PNCs is an extremely  idealistic view.

=3D=3D=3D=3D> BTW I find PNC is a bad term, I like much better Actual Netwo=
rk Controller  (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract topolo=
gies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has an =
access and manages actual provider network).

One reason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topol=
ogy, for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as=
 requested. Actual topology semantics (especially in WDM layer) is very dif=
ferent from vendor to vendor and contains a great variety of proprietary ex=
tensions, failing to understand which leads to producing unprovisionable se=
rvice paths. Do you really believe that a single VNC can talk in the same w=
ay to ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optica=
l providers to switch to WSON :=3D).

This is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this c=
ase North VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, t=
hat is, uses the same X interface.
IHMO whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, =
i.e. ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same =
north bound interface to potentially the same client (e.g.TFK).
IHMO interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.

Cheers,
Igor

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of BELOTTI, SERGIO (SER=
GIO)
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

thanks a lot for reply , please see in line just some further clarification

Regards
Sergio



From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele =
Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luy=
uanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Sergio,

Thanks for your feedback on the framework document. Please see in-line for =
my comment.

Regards,
Young

From: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; Leeyoung; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,

I read you Framework draft and I have some comments on that. Most are edito=
rial , other questions for clarifications.

General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarc=
hical level of controllers or linked to the multi-domain aspect that compel=
 to provide to the customer a single virtualized network even if composed b=
y real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the "virtualizer =
function" provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be insi=
de directly the PNC , correct?

YOUNG>> Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. For a single domain context, =
the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we need to factor in other scenario=
s such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a sof=
tware function that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opin=
ion, even for a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this inte=
rface as a standard interface.

Section 2 , page 4:
abstraction does not imply automatically virtualization,while virtualizatio=
n implies to have surely a certain form of abstraction. I would suggest to =
consider good definition contained into ONF SDN architecture document chapt=
er 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition =
can help all the reading.

YOUNG>> Agree. We will look into the mentioned document if the usage of ter=
ms are aligned with this document. If not, we will clarify the terminology =
more clearly.

Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects that are more related to p=
olicy like admission control  and guarantee of client isolation with real c=
omputational issue like Computing time , path constrains or re-optimization=
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager.

YOUNG>> Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some notes on the aspect of real-=
time related from non real time aspect. VNM is not to be mixed with Virtual=
 Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm which is known as Virtual Networ=
k Mapping which is a software module that converts client requests into act=
ual networks. Virtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a deve=
loped concept from VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefull=
y on this aspect what Virtual Network Manager is doing.

SB>>> If I understood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM i=
s strictly related to planning function so I this it is very import point i=
n the context of PNC , I would say

Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the different control interfac=
e presented in figure 5, I'm a bit confused as to what I/F E is - data plan=
e interface to provider physical network? Or is the intention to provide wh=
at can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from ne=
twork provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor=
 clear to me the intention

YOUNG>> Interface E is not what ACTN will focus on. It simply shows  an und=
erlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provider co=
ntroller, and the mapping to real physical resources.

SB>>> So if I interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interfa=
ce to PNC , the figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .


Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of potential NW topology between =
a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirecti=
onal I guess

YOUNG>> Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.

Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: "PCA abstracts the physical network topology =
into an abstracted topology" Looking at the description of VNC components i=
n 6.2.2 it is the resource manager devoting to provide abstract topology. D=
oes not exist any PCA component.



YOUNG>> Sorry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as t=
he Resource Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!



Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2=
 phase 8

YOUNG>> Thanks. Good catch!

Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC and PNC

YOUNG>> If you are referring to Section 7.3 where:

   Interfaces should also be scalable as a large amount of data needs

   to be transported across customers to virtual network controllers

   and across virtual network controllers and physical network

   controllers.



I think this implies both interfaces B and C although primarily between VNC=
-PNC.



SB>>> Sorry Young, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on=
 Interface interaction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interfac=
e between VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C


Thanks

Sergio


Thanks
Sergio

--_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3AEESESSMB301erics_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-=
1">
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 14 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Wingdings;
	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Wingdings;
	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
p.MsoCommentText, li.MsoCommentText, div.MsoCommentText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text Char";
	margin-top:0cm;
	margin-right:0cm;
	margin-bottom:10.0pt;
	margin-left:0cm;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char";
	margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:10.5pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
	{mso-style-priority:34;
	margin-top:0cm;
	margin-right:0cm;
	margin-bottom:0cm;
	margin-left:36.0pt;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
span.CommentTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Comment Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text";}
span.PlainTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text";
	font-family:"Courier New";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle26
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle27
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle28
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle29
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle30
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle31
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
	margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
	{mso-list-id:449521381;
	mso-list-type:hybrid;
	mso-list-template-ids:-384399996 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698=
713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l0:level1
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level2
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level3
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l0:level4
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level5
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level6
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l0:level7
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level8
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level9
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
ol
	{margin-bottom:0cm;}
ul
	{margin-bottom:0cm;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Igor,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">What do you mean by cl=
ient here? The one that is the document is called &#8220;service provider&#=
8221; or the one that is called &#8220;client&#8221; ? From what you send I=
 tend to think you are talking about the service provider, but
 I might be wrong, please correct me. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">I don&#8217;t think th=
e client of the multi-domain network wants to have a so detailed view of th=
e network, he does not care about domains, inter domain links or whatever, =
I would say he only cares about a given amount
 of Gbps from A to B with a given max delay and probably some diversity par=
ameters.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">On the other side, the=
 one that cares about all of the issues you listed is the service provider =
(as per actual document terminology). However also the service provider doe=
s not go into physical impairment details.
 He cares about connectivity between the borders of the domains, inter doma=
in links. How such connectivity is provisioned/managed is the network provi=
der business. The network provides might be using GMPLS, NMS and ONF contro=
ller with Open Flow or whatever
 to control the network. Maybe calling it PNC is confusing? The PNC can be =
any of the things I&#8217;ve listed and much more.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hence the interfaces t=
o be considered are two, not three (as Dan said) I think this replies to qu=
estions 1 and 3. Just to add something regarding 2, I would say that they n=
eed just a single entry point to the
 network control (could be a small piece of code running on top of the PCE =
of your GMPLS domain), which acts as an interface between the VNC and the c=
ontrol plane of your network and performs: &#8220;</span><span lang=3D"EN-G=
B" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Mapping of physical
 and virtual resources&#8221; and &nbsp;&#8220;Requests: path, provision, m=
odify and restore&#8221;.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Cheers<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Daniele=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm =
4.0pt">
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bry=
skin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> venerd=EC 10 ottobre 2014 03:16<br>
<b>To:</b> King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org;=
 Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Young=
 and Dan,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">It do=
es not matter how you call me, and as John is helpfully applying, you can i=
gnore what I am saying. But let me explain in some more details what I mean=
t.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Suppo=
se we have a client (such as TFK) of a multi-domain transport network, who =
wants to provision and manipulate e2e transport services the way he wants i=
t (i.e. applying his policies). What
 would such client need?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt"><span style=3D"=
font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">1.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;fon=
t-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">An access to a unifie=
d network TE topology that could be understood and used by the client&#8217=
;s path computer to select service e2e paths. How does the client get such =
a topology? The necessary overlay topology
 comprises abstract topologies presented for the client by each of the tran=
sport domains &#43; inter-domain TE links. Hence we are talking about inter=
face #1 (and data model #1) between a provider hypervisor/VNC and the clien=
t controller to expose in a unified
 abstract &nbsp;way &nbsp;its topology on per client/tenant basis. Furtherm=
ore, the client controller can use this interface in the opposite direction=
 to modify the said abstract topology (subject to the provider&#8217;s &nbs=
p;approval), because the client is the only guy who knows
 how the abstract topology exposed to him should look like to be useful (e.=
g. which and how the abstract links should be disjoint from each other, how=
 many of them should be provided, their attributes, desired recovery capabi=
lities, etc,). This knowledge is
 supposed to come from the client&#8217;s network planning.<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt"><span style=3D"=
font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">2.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;fon=
t-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">A way to provision/mo=
dify/delete e2e services with the use of so computed e2e paths. The client&=
#8217;s controller does that by chopping the paths into per-domain segments=
 and instructs respective domain VNCs/Hypervisors
 to set up/manipulate service respective connection segments. Hence we are =
talking about interface #2 (data model #2) for the service segment manipula=
tion;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt"><span style=3D"=
font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">3.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;fon=
t-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">A way to monitor, tro=
ubleshoot, carry out maintenance of the active e2e services. This would req=
uire interface #3 (data model #3) between the client&#8217;s controller and=
 domains VNCs/Hypervisors for this purpose.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">So, w=
e are talking 3 Yang models with required modifications to neither Netconf/=
Restconf, nor &nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;To any other management, routing or signaling protocol.<o:p></o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Now I=
 have a couple of questions to you:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt"><span style=3D"=
font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">1.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;fon=
t-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">In this example, what=
 else (in addition to these three models) the client such as TFK in your op=
inion would need?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt"><span style=3D"=
font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">2.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;fon=
t-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">What else the network=
 providers and their vendors such as ADVA or CIEN would need?<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt"><span style=3D"=
font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">3.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;fon=
t-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">What is the importanc=
e of a construct such as PNC?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D=
"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">My an=
swer to 3. &#8220;Is not important at all, irrelevant&#8221; for the follow=
ing reasons:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt"><span style=3D"=
font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">a)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;fon=
t-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">What happens beyond t=
he VNC/Hypervisor in the provider network is completely proprietary.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt"><span style=3D"=
font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">b)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;fon=
t-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">There could be numero=
us ways as to how the provider network is managed. Examples: centralized PN=
C (as you call it), ADVA style GMPLS based network intelligence, CIEN style=
 PNNI based control plane, etc. Why
 is that of ACTN&#8217;s business?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> King, Daniel [<a href=3D"mailto:d.king@=
lancaster.ac.uk">mailto:d.king@lancaster.ac.uk</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 4:58 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mai=
lto:actn@ietf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">dieg=
o@tid.es</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi All,=
 including &#8220;Ignor&#8221; ;-)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Typical=
 dichotomy between what operators want and what vendors are actually willin=
g to provide, group consensus will eventually help resolve that. Either way=
, the latest version of the Framework
 I-D is trying to focus ACTN discussion and scope (i.e., the protocol work)=
 on the interfaces which are in scope, namely:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">1. The =
CNC-VNC Interface (CVI)
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Creat=
e, modify and delete virtual network service instances
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Resou=
rce model<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">2. The =
VNC-PNC Interface (VPI)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Mappi=
ng of physical and virtual resources<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Reque=
sts: path, provision, modify and restore<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">As Youn=
g suggests, if the VNC received physical topology info it would be performi=
ng the role of the Physical Network Controller (PNC), which is obviously a =
(somehow) required function, but the interface
 (direct provisioning of the actual physical network) is out of scope for A=
CTN.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Br, Dan=
. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><a name=3D"_MailEndCompose"></a><span lang=3D"EN-GB"=
 style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [<a href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ie=
tf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Leeyoung<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 09 October 2014 21:32<br>
<b>To:</b> Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mailto:actn@i=
etf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">dieg=
o@tid.es</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Ignor,<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thank you for providin=
g your comment that pauses us to think more and understand on the same leve=
l. I think your comment will contribute to crystallize the scope of work he=
re.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">First of all, I think =
there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assumption on VNC receiving =
actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were to have actually topol=
ogy (e.g. TED) of a network, this would
 be called a PNC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect has been dis=
cussed by email threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check the archive =
on that. The reason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domain issue is =
no different from today&#8217;s GMPLS/PCE
 issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not step on those areas. Wh=
at VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is an abstracted topology=
 with varying degrees from actual underlying topology. The reason why we di=
stinguish the term VNC from PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">What can be defined on=
 VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VNC to each PNC. As long=
 as the detailed path computation and signaling within a domain are complet=
ely up to the domain PNC. VNC is not
 to be operated on the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path computation i=
s based on what is exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology informatio=
n details is kept by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topology that can =
hide the exact details while exposing
 a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG of virtual links (w=
hich may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed for diversity routing=
 calculation at the VNC. This is very different from exposing the actual TE=
 topology. You can view this as
 two level of path computation. VNC first computes an end-to-end path (usin=
g whatever constraint information it has), then coordinates with each PNC (=
telling the border nodes information), then each PNC computes the domain sp=
ecific path. When a PNC cannot provide
 a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be signaled to VNC so tha=
t the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be able to find a feas=
ible end-to-end path. &nbsp;I would say this is a &#8220;two-phase&#8221; s=
ignaling and path computation. The point is that
 there must be some level of hiding on abstract topology exposure from PNC =
to VNC and proprietary characteristics of optical devices need to be dealt =
only with the corresponding PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regarding the term PNC=
 vs. ANC, I wouldn&#8217;t concern too much about the terminology whichever=
 works better. Thank you for your suggestion.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Lastly, please check t=
he use-cases written by operators in the below links that consistently say =
they need a standard interface that can coordinate their multi-domain issue=
s.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/">https://datatracker=
.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-domains/">h=
ttps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-d=
omains/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bry=
skin [<a href=3D"mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com">mailto:IBryskin@advaoptic=
al.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.=
org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Yo=
ung,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">I bel=
ieve having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domain PNC=
s is an extremely &nbsp;idealistic view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">=3D=
=3D</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F49=
7D">=E8</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"> BTW I find PN=
C is a bad term, I like much better Actual Network
 Controller&nbsp; (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract top=
ologies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has =
an access and manages actual provider network).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">One r=
eason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topology, =
for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as requ=
ested. Actual topology semantics (especially
 in WDM layer) is very different from vendor to vendor and contains a great=
 variety of proprietary extensions, failing to understand which leads to pr=
oducing unprovisionable service paths. Do you really believe that a single =
VNC can talk in the same way to
 ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optical pro=
viders to switch to WSON :=3D).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">This =
is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this case N=
orth VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, that i=
s, uses the same X interface.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, i.e. =
ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same north=
 bound interface to potentially the
 same client (e.g.TFK).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor =
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [<a href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ie=
tf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Da=
niele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Young,<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">thanks a lot for reply=
 , please see in line just some further clarification<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@=
ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Sergio,<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your feedba=
ck on the framework document. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> BELOTTI,=
 SERGIO (SERGIO) [<a href=3D"mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com">mail=
to:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Cecc=
arelli; Leeyoung;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I read you Framework draft and I have some comments =
on that. Most are editorial , other questions for clarifications.<o:p></o:p=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is=
 in the view of hierarchical level of controllers or linked to the multi-do=
main aspect that compel to provide to the customer a single virtualized net=
work even if composed by real multi-domain
 multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the &#8220;virtualizer function&#822=
1; provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be inside dire=
ctly the PNC , correct?
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. =
For a single domain context, the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we nee=
d to factor in other scenarios such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from =
PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a software function
 that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opinion, even for =
a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this interface as a sta=
ndard interface.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 2 , page 4: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">abstraction does not imply automatically virtualizat=
ion,while virtualization implies to have surely a certain form of abstracti=
on. I would suggest to consider good definition contained into ONF SDN arch=
itecture document chapter 2.3 Conventions
 about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition can help all the r=
eading.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. We will look into the mentioned=
 document if the usage of terms are aligned with this document. If not, we =
will clarify the terminology more clearly.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects tha=
t are more related to policy like admission control &nbsp;and guarantee of =
client isolation with real computational issue like Computing time , path c=
onstrains or re-optimization process. Moreover
 the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit misleading since this te=
rm in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual Network Manager.<o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some=
 notes on the aspect of real-time related from non real time aspect. VNM is=
 not to be mixed with Virtual Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm whi=
ch is known as Virtual Network Mapping which
 is a software module that converts client requests into actual networks. V=
irtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a developed concept f=
rom VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefully on this aspec=
t what Virtual Network Manager is
 doing. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; If I un=
derstood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM is strictly re=
lated to planning function so I this it is very import point in the context=
 of PNC , I would say<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the dif=
ferent control interface presented in figure 5, I&#8217;m a bit confused as=
 to what I/F E is &#8211; data plane interface to provider physical network=
? Or is the intention to provide what can be the
 underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provide=
r controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor clear to me =
the intention<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Interface E is not what ACTN will focu=
s on. It simply shows &nbsp;an underlying model of resources allocated to a=
 customer from network provider controller, and the mapping to real physica=
l resources.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; So if I=
 interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interface to PNC , t=
he figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of po=
tential NW topology between a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in t=
he drawn has to be bidirectional I guess<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: &#8220;PCA abstract=
s the physical network topology into an abstracted topology&#8221; Looking =
at the description of VNC components in 6.2.2 it is the resource manager de=
voting to provide abstract topology. Does not
 exist any PCA component.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; So=
rry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as the Resourc=
e Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is=
 no phase 7, and there are 2 phase 8<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Thanks. Good catch!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC=
 and PNC<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">YOUNG&gt;&gt; If you are referring to Section 7.3=
 where: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interfaces should also be scala=
ble as a large amount of data needs<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; to be transported across customers t=
o virtual network controllers<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; and across virtual network controlle=
rs and physical network<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; controllers.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">I think this implies both interfaces B and C alth=
ough primarily between VNC-PNC.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; Sorry Y=
oung, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on Interface in=
teraction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interface between
 VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Sergio<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3AEESESSMB301erics_--


From nobody Fri Oct 10 10:25:12 2014
Return-Path: <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DBA481A8822 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 10 Oct 2014 10:25:02 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -4.2
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.2 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id JAyMrEaGo2fJ for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 10 Oct 2014 10:24:54 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from sesbmg23.ericsson.net (sesbmg23.ericsson.net [193.180.251.37]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id EDDF81A8932 for <actn@ietf.org>; Fri, 10 Oct 2014 10:24:49 -0700 (PDT)
X-AuditID: c1b4fb25-f791c6d00000617b-d7-5438165f38df
Received: from ESESSHC008.ericsson.se (Unknown_Domain [153.88.253.124]) by sesbmg23.ericsson.net (Symantec Mail Security) with SMTP id AD.E8.24955.F5618345; Fri, 10 Oct 2014 19:24:47 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from ESESSMB301.ericsson.se ([169.254.1.79]) by ESESSHC008.ericsson.se ([153.88.183.42]) with mapi id 14.03.0174.001; Fri, 10 Oct 2014 19:24:47 +0200
From: Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>
To: "Doolan, Paul (Coriant - US/Irving)" <paul.doolan@coriant.com>, "Igor Bryskin" <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
Thread-Topic: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAACqd4AACdZZ0A=
Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2014 17:24:46 +0000
Message-ID: <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3BE@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <27936621-9D19-4FC6-804C-60C90E397DEF@coriant.com>
In-Reply-To: <27936621-9D19-4FC6-804C-60C90E397DEF@coriant.com>
Accept-Language: it-IT, en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [153.88.183.149]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3BEESESSMB301erics_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Brightmail-Tracker: H4sIAAAAAAAAA+NgFtrLIsWRmVeSWpSXmKPExsUyM+JvjW68mEWIwZV2bYstPRfYLFZOustu sbTpCaPFqZ52Rotp81wtVu8+z2Rx+vMrdotlm3+zO3B4nF3wh9Wj9dleVo/z3/aweuycdZfd o+XIW1aPJUt+Mnk8+buFOYA9issmJTUnsyy1SN8ugSuju/EBc8H5X4wVe3b8ZGtg7L7O2MXI ySEhYCJx6/V6NghbTOLCPRCbi0NI4CijxLfJ35ggnMWMEo87ZgN1cHCwCVhJPDnkA9IgIpAv 8W3eGnaQGmaBNiaJ1uaHzCAJYQFnid4Vq1ggilwk9jXuYQXpFRHwk2j7wQoSZhFQlTj69SrY Yl4BX4l/Z3qgdj1kkvhw+ykLSD2ngL3E3ecyIDWMArISE3YvAjuaWUBc4taT+UwQRwtILNlz nhnCFpV4+fgfK4StJLH28HYWiPp8iUfPm5khdglKnJz5hGUCo+gsJKNmISmbhaQMIq4ncWPq FDYIW1ti2cLXzBC2rsSMf4dYkMUXMLKvYhQtTi1Oyk03MtZLLcpMLi7Oz9PLSy3ZxAiM74Nb fqvuYLz8xvEQowAHoxIP7wJb8xAh1sSy4srcQ4zSHCxK4rwLz80LFhJITyxJzU5NLUgtii8q zUktPsTIxMEp1cAY7RHyZsrWlL+nVqufnvZ8y47tZ+3d7qx3PTDz1Slz8/gP35Yla/+VN33L /PEG2zOr5a8EG3NC6uo/NLXnMoRdq1ytbnC8gOETp8HqpTFf77lv2ffy3uL2Tw/jV7sGP+BN kjDblsslVev9femhD/KRRcem6fZl1e2vmH5iYe/eN+c4FrQbffutq8RSnJFoqMVcVJwIAO6V IGLQAgAA
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/eHgzpSo1HtzhQUjDPvJ5uVqrODY
Cc: "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>, Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, "BELOTTI, SERGIO \(SERGIO\)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2014 17:25:03 -0000

--_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3BEESESSMB301erics_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Paul,

The idea, at least speaking on behalf of Daniele and not of all the authors=
, is to hide such complexity to the service provider and the client.

The service provider (VNC level) asks the network provider to provide conne=
ctivity between two points with given characteristics. If we want to export=
 all the ingredients for autonomously performing and end to end path comput=
ation...then I agree with Igor: we will never succeed. It would also be an =
exercise of multi domain routing (reinventing the wheel) as we would just u=
se an NBI to export routing information instead of using inter domain routi=
ng.

BR
Daniele


From: Doolan, Paul (Coriant - US/Irving) [mailto:paul.doolan@coriant.com]
Sent: gioved=EC 9 ottobre 2014 21:21
To: Igor Bryskin
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org; Daniele Ceccarelli; =
diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com; Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hello Igor,

Because I agree wholeheartedly with the sentiments expressed in your 4th pa=
ra I'll ignore your omission of Coriant in the one above it;-)

I think you nicely capture the practical realities of the matter at the opt=
ical layer and I've heard similar views expressed in other places as well. =
I hope some of those people will add to this conversation.

thanks,
pd

On Oct 9, 2014, at 2:47 PM, Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com<mailto:I=
Bryskin@advaoptical.com>>
 wrote:


Hi Young,

I believe having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domai=
n PNCs is an extremely  idealistic view.

=3D=3D=3D=3D> BTW I find PNC is a bad term, I like much better Actual Netwo=
rk Controller  (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract topolo=
gies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has an =
access and manages actual provider network).

One reason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topol=
ogy, for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as=
 requested. Actual topology semantics (especially in WDM layer) is very dif=
ferent from vendor to vendor and contains a great variety of proprietary ex=
tensions, failing to understand which leads to producing unprovisionable se=
rvice paths. Do you really believe that a single VNC can talk in the same w=
ay to ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optica=
l providers to switch to WSON :=3D).

This is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this c=
ase North VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, t=
hat is, uses the same X interface.
IHMO whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, =
i.e. ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same =
north bound interface to potentially the same client (e.g.TFK).
IHMO interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.

Cheers,
Igor

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org<mailto:bounces@ietf.org>] On Behal=
f Of BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

thanks a lot for reply , please see in line just some further clarification

Regards
Sergio



From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com<http://huawei.com>]
Sent: mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele =
Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luy=
uanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Sergio,

Thanks for your feedback on the framework document. Please see in-line for =
my comment.

Regards,
Young

From: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; Leeyoung; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,

I read you Framework draft and I have some comments on that. Most are edito=
rial , other questions for clarifications.

General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarc=
hical level of controllers or linked to the multi-domain aspect that compel=
 to provide to the customer a single virtualized network even if composed b=
y real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the "virtualizer =
function" provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be insi=
de directly the PNC , correct?

YOUNG>> Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. For a single domain context, =
the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we need to factor in other scenario=
s such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a sof=
tware function that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opin=
ion, even for a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this inte=
rface as a standard interface.

Section 2 , page 4:
abstraction does not imply automatically virtualization,while virtualizatio=
n implies to have surely a certain form of abstraction. I would suggest to =
consider good definition contained into ONF SDN architecture document chapt=
er 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition =
can help all the reading.

YOUNG>> Agree. We will look into the mentioned document if the usage of ter=
ms are aligned with this document. If not, we will clarify the terminology =
more clearly.

Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects that are more related to p=
olicy like admission control  and guarantee of client isolation with real c=
omputational issue like Computing time , path constrains or re-optimization=
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager.

YOUNG>> Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some notes on the aspect of real-=
time related from non real time aspect. VNM is not to be mixed with Virtual=
 Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm which is known as Virtual Networ=
k Mapping which is a software module that converts client requests into act=
ual networks. Virtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a deve=
loped concept from VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefull=
y on this aspect what Virtual Network Manager is doing.

SB>>> If I understood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM i=
s strictly related to planning function so I this it is very import point i=
n the context of PNC , I would say

Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the different control interfac=
e presented in figure 5, I'm a bit confused as to what I/F E is - data plan=
e interface to provider physical network? Or is the intention to provide wh=
at can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from ne=
twork provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor=
 clear to me the intention

YOUNG>> Interface E is not what ACTN will focus on. It simply shows  an und=
erlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provider co=
ntroller, and the mapping to real physical resources.

SB>>> So if I interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interfa=
ce to PNC , the figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .


Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of potential NW topology between =
a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirecti=
onal I guess

YOUNG>> Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.

Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: "PCA abstracts the physical network topology =
into an abstracted topology" Looking at the description of VNC components i=
n 6.2.2 it is the resource manager devoting to provide abstract topology. D=
oes not exist any PCA component.



YOUNG>> Sorry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as t=
he Resource Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!



Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2=
 phase 8

YOUNG>> Thanks. Good catch!

Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC and PNC

YOUNG>> If you are referring to Section 7.3 where:

   Interfaces should also be scalable as a large amount of data needs

   to be transported across customers to virtual network controllers

   and across virtual network controllers and physical network

   controllers.



I think this implies both interfaces B and C although primarily between VNC=
-PNC.



SB>>> Sorry Young, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on=
 Interface interaction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interfac=
e between VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C


Thanks

Sergio


Thanks
Sergio
_______________________________________________
ACTN mailing list
ACTN@ietf.org<mailto:ACTN@ietf.org>
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn


--_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3BEESESSMB301erics_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-=
1">
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 14 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Wingdings;
	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Wingdings;
	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
p.MsoCommentText, li.MsoCommentText, div.MsoCommentText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text Char";
	margin-top:0cm;
	margin-right:0cm;
	margin-bottom:10.0pt;
	margin-left:0cm;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char";
	margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:10.5pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.CommentTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Comment Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text";}
span.PlainTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text";
	font-family:"Courier New";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle23
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle26
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle27
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
	margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Paul,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">The idea, at least spe=
aking on behalf of Daniele and not of all the authors, is to hide such comp=
lexity to the service provider and the client.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">The service provider (=
VNC level) asks the network provider to provide connectivity between two po=
ints with given characteristics. If we want to export all the ingredients f=
or autonomously performing and end to
 end path computation&#8230;then I agree with Igor: we will never succeed. =
It would also be an exercise of multi domain routing (reinventing the wheel=
) as we would just use an NBI to export routing information instead of usin=
g inter domain routing.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">BR<br>
Daniele<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm =
4.0pt">
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Doolan, =
Paul (Coriant - US/Irving) [mailto:paul.doolan@coriant.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> gioved=EC 9 ottobre 2014 21:21<br>
<b>To:</b> Igor Bryskin<br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org; Daniele Cecca=
relli; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com; Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hello Igor, <o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Because I agree wholeheartedly with the sentiments e=
xpressed in your 4th para I'll ignore your omission of Coriant in the one a=
bove it;-)<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I think you nicely capture the practical realities o=
f the matter at the optical layer and I've heard similar views expressed in=
 other places as well. I hope some of those people will add to this convers=
ation.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">thanks,<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">pd<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">On Oct 9, 2014, at 2:47 PM, Igor Bryskin &lt;<a href=
=3D"mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com">IBryskin@advaoptical.com</a>&gt;<o:p><=
/o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Yo=
ung,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">I bel=
ieve having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domain PNC=
s is an extremely &nbsp;idealistic view.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">=3D=
=3D</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F49=
7D">=E8</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"> BTW I find PN=
C is a bad term, I like much better Actual Network
 Controller&nbsp; (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract top=
ologies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has =
an access and manages actual provider network).
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">One r=
eason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topology, =
for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as requ=
ested. Actual topology semantics (especially
 in WDM layer) is very different from vendor to vendor and contains a great=
 variety of proprietary extensions, failing to understand which leads to pr=
oducing unprovisionable service paths. Do you really believe that a single =
VNC can talk in the same way to
 ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optical pro=
viders to switch to WSON :=3D).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">This =
is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this case N=
orth VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, that i=
s, uses the same X interface.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, i.e. =
ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same north=
 bound interface to potentially the
 same client (e.g.TFK).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.</span><o:p></o=
:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor =
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [mailto:actn-<a href=3D"mailto:bou=
nces@ietf.org">bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Da=
niele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Young,<=
/span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</sp=
an><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">thanks a lot for reply=
 , please see in line just some further clarification</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:=
p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards</span><o:p></o=
:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio</span><o:p></o:=
p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:=
p></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</sp=
an><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</sp=
an><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [mailto:leeyoung@<a href=3D"http://huawei.com">huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@=
ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments</span><=
o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Sergio,</span><o:p>=
</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:=
p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your feedba=
ck on the framework document. Please see in-line for my comment.</span><o:p=
></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:=
p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,</span><o:p></=
o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young</span><o:p></o:p=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:=
p></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> BELOTTI,=
 SERGIO (SERGIO) [<a href=3D"mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com">mail=
to:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Cecc=
arelli; Leeyoung;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments</span><o:p>=
</o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I read you Framework draft and I have some comments =
on that. Most are editorial , other questions for clarifications.<o:p></o:p=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is=
 in the view of hierarchical level of controllers or linked to the multi-do=
main aspect that compel to provide to the customer a single virtualized net=
work even if composed by real multi-domain
 multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the &#8220;virtualizer function&#822=
1; provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be inside dire=
ctly the PNC , correct?
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. =
For a single domain context, the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we nee=
d to factor in other scenarios such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from =
PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a software function
 that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opinion, even for =
a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this interface as a sta=
ndard interface.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 2 , page 4: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">abstraction does not imply automatically virtualizat=
ion,while virtualization implies to have surely a certain form of abstracti=
on. I would suggest to consider good definition contained into ONF SDN arch=
itecture document chapter 2.3 Conventions
 about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition can help all the r=
eading.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. We will look into the mentioned=
 document if the usage of terms are aligned with this document. If not, we =
will clarify the terminology more clearly.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects tha=
t are more related to policy like admission control &nbsp;and guarantee of =
client isolation with real computational issue like Computing time , path c=
onstrains or re-optimization process. Moreover
 the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit misleading since this te=
rm in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual Network Manager.<o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some=
 notes on the aspect of real-time related from non real time aspect. VNM is=
 not to be mixed with Virtual Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm whi=
ch is known as Virtual Network Mapping which
 is a software module that converts client requests into actual networks. V=
irtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a developed concept f=
rom VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefully on this aspec=
t what Virtual Network Manager is
 doing. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:=
p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; If I un=
derstood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM is strictly re=
lated to planning function so I this it is very import point in the context=
 of PNC , I would say</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the dif=
ferent control interface presented in figure 5, I&#8217;m a bit confused as=
 to what I/F E is &#8211; data plane interface to provider physical network=
? Or is the intention to provide what can be the
 underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provide=
r controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor clear to me =
the intention<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Interface E is not what ACTN will focu=
s on. It simply shows &nbsp;an underlying model of resources allocated to a=
 customer from network provider controller, and the mapping to real physica=
l resources.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:=
p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; So if I=
 interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interface to PNC , t=
he figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .</span><o:p></o=
:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of po=
tential NW topology between a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in t=
he drawn has to be bidirectional I guess<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: &#8220;PCA abstract=
s the physical network topology into an abstracted topology&#8221; Looking =
at the description of VNC components in 6.2.2 it is the resource manager de=
voting to provide abstract topology. Does not
 exist any PCA component.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; So=
rry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as the Resourc=
e Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is=
 no phase 7, and there are 2 phase 8<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Thanks. Good catch!</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC=
 and PNC<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">YOUNG&gt;&gt; If you are referring to Section 7.3=
 where: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interfaces should also be scala=
ble as a large amount of data needs<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; to be transported across customers t=
o virtual network controllers<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; and across virtual network controlle=
rs and physical network<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; controllers.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">I think this implies both interfaces B and C alth=
ough primarily between VNC-PNC.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:=
p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; Sorry Y=
oung, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on Interface in=
teraction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interface between
 VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Sergio<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks</sp=
an><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio</sp=
an><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">____________________________________=
___________<br>
ACTN mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:ACTN@ietf.org">ACTN@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn">https://www.ietf.org=
/mailman/listinfo/actn</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3BEESESSMB301erics_--


From nobody Fri Oct 10 13:37:54 2014
Return-Path: <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3C4EF1AD0AA for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 10 Oct 2014 13:37:48 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.685
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.685 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id 7sx_iCM8GUrf for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 10 Oct 2014 13:37:31 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from mail3.advaoptical.com (mail3.advaoptical.com [74.202.24.82]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4BB511AD070 for <actn@ietf.org>; Fri, 10 Oct 2014 13:37:31 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com [172.16.5.39]) by atl-vs-fsmail.advaoptical.com (8.14.5/8.14.5) with ESMTP id s9AKbJqc007827 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=FAIL); Fri, 10 Oct 2014 16:37:19 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) by atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.39) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.181.6; Fri, 10 Oct 2014 16:37:19 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) by ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1044.5; Fri, 10 Oct 2014 16:37:18 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1]) by ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1%14]) with mapi id 15.00.1044.003; Fri, 10 Oct 2014 16:37:18 -0400
From: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
To: Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "King, Daniel" <d.king@lancaster.ac.uk>, Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAAEL75AAAFbsYAACSWiYAAaCV2gAAzP9CA=
Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2014 20:37:18 +0000
Message-ID: <4003c11315234da8944051d37e30c796@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36@dfweml706-chm> <65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248@EX-0-MB2.lancs.local> <58713f40bbb24e379d6dc56ea85af0af@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3AE@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se>
In-Reply-To: <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3AE@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-ms-exchange-transport-fromentityheader: Hosted
x-originating-ip: [172.16.5.49]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_4003c11315234da8944051d37e30c796ATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=fsecure engine=2.50.10432:5.12.52, 1.0.28,  0.0.0000 definitions=2014-10-10_08:2014-10-10,2014-10-10,1970-01-01 signatures=0
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/1jov0phNbl-DD-Vhe6gcntdBUyQ
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2014 20:37:48 -0000

--_000_4003c11315234da8944051d37e30c796ATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Daniele,
Please, see in line.
Igor

From: Daniele Ceccarelli [mailto:daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com]
Sent: Friday, October 10, 2014 1:25 PM
To: Igor Bryskin; King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ie=
tf.org; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Igor,

What do you mean by client here? The one that is the document is called "se=
rvice provider" or the one that is called "client" ? From what you send I t=
end to think you are talking about the service provider, but I might be wro=
ng, please correct me.

IB>> By client I mean the client of a transport domain, the one who speaks =
Netconf/Restconf to the transport domain. The guy who speaks from the other=
 end (i.e. on behalf of the transport service provider)  is the transport d=
omain's Hypervisor.

I don't think the client of the multi-domain network wants to have a so det=
ailed view of the network, he does not care about domains, inter domain lin=
ks or whatever, I would say he only cares about a given amount of Gbps from=
 A to B with a given max delay and probably some diversity parameters.

IB>> Again, by client I mean multi-domain network controller (e.g. Telefoni=
ca SDN controller), not the client using services of the multi-domain netwo=
rk (i.e. not the Telefonica clients). Such client uses  the transport domai=
ns for a reason. "a given amount of Gbps from A to B" is too loose and litt=
le for the client to do the network planning. IMO the client needs to *plan=
* the abstract topologies provided by the transport domains the same or sim=
ilar way as he would plan his own actual topology.

On the other side, the one that cares about all of the issues you listed is=
 the service provider (as per actual document terminology). However also th=
e service provider does not go into physical impairment details. He cares a=
bout connectivity between the borders of the domains, inter domain links. H=
ow such connectivity is provisioned/managed is the network provider busines=
s. The network provides might be using GMPLS, NMS and ONF controller with O=
pen Flow or whatever to control the network. Maybe calling it PNC is confus=
ing? The PNC can be any of the things I've listed and much more.

IB>> In this case my client is your service provider ;=3D). You architectur=
ally separate client from the service provider, because you probably believ=
e that it is possible to standardize the interface between the two. I disag=
ree with that and don't think ACTN should work on this. In the context of A=
CTN I see only two constructs: Transport domain controller (transport servi=
ce provider) and  Transport client controller (transport service user).

Hence the interfaces to be considered are two, not three (as Dan said) I th=
ink this replies to questions 1 and 3. Just to add something regarding 2, I=
 would say that they need just a single entry point to the network control =
(could be a small piece of code running on top of the PCE of your GMPLS dom=
ain), which acts as an interface between the VNC and the control plane of y=
our network and performs: "- Mapping of physical and virtual resources" and=
  "Requests: path, provision, modify and restore".

IB>> As I said, this is the task of the transport domain Hypervisor, whose =
role is, essentially, to translate back and forth abstract <=3D> actual top=
ology elements and service requests/responses containing the abstract/actua=
l topology paths. I think that the north/south interface between the transp=
ort domain Hypervisor and the entity representing the client of the transpo=
rt domain (no matter how you call it) is the only interface ACTN can work o=
n with the hope to produce something useful.

Cheers
Daniele



From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: venerd=EC 10 ottobre 2014 03:16
To: King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:=
actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyu=
anf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Young and Dan,

It does not matter how you call me, and as John is helpfully applying, you =
can ignore what I am saying. But let me explain in some more details what I=
 meant.

Suppose we have a client (such as TFK) of a multi-domain transport network,=
 who wants to provision and manipulate e2e transport services the way he wa=
nts it (i.e. applying his policies). What would such client need?


1.     An access to a unified network TE topology that could be understood =
and used by the client's path computer to select service e2e paths. How doe=
s the client get such a topology? The necessary overlay topology comprises =
abstract topologies presented for the client by each of the transport domai=
ns + inter-domain TE links. Hence we are talking about interface #1 (and da=
ta model #1) between a provider hypervisor/VNC and the client controller to=
 expose in a unified abstract  way  its topology on per client/tenant basis=
. Furthermore, the client controller can use this interface in the opposite=
 direction to modify the said abstract topology (subject to the provider's =
 approval), because the client is the only guy who knows how the abstract t=
opology exposed to him should look like to be useful (e.g. which and how th=
e abstract links should be disjoint from each other, how many of them shoul=
d be provided, their attributes, desired recovery capabilities, etc,). This=
 knowledge is supposed to come from the client's network planning.

2.     A way to provision/modify/delete e2e services with the use of so com=
puted e2e paths. The client's controller does that by chopping the paths in=
to per-domain segments and instructs respective domain VNCs/Hypervisors to =
set up/manipulate service respective connection segments. Hence we are talk=
ing about interface #2 (data model #2) for the service segment manipulation=
;

3.     A way to monitor, troubleshoot, carry out maintenance of the active =
e2e services. This would require interface #3 (data model #3) between the c=
lient's controller and domains VNCs/Hypervisors for this purpose.

So, we are talking 3 Yang models with required modifications to neither Net=
conf/Restconf, nor
 To any other management, routing or signaling protocol.

Now I have a couple of questions to you:

1.     In this example, what else (in addition to these three models) the c=
lient such as TFK in your opinion would need?

2.     What else the network providers and their vendors such as ADVA or CI=
EN would need?

3.     What is the importance of a construct such as PNC?


My answer to 3. "Is not important at all, irrelevant" for the following rea=
sons:

a)     What happens beyond the VNC/Hypervisor in the provider network is co=
mpletely proprietary.

b)     There could be numerous ways as to how the provider network is manag=
ed. Examples: centralized PNC (as you call it), ADVA style GMPLS based netw=
ork intelligence, CIEN style PNNI based control plane, etc. Why is that of =
ACTN's business?

Cheers,
Igor

From: King, Daniel [mailto:d.king@lancaster.ac.uk]
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 4:58 PM
To: Leeyoung; Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:=
actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyu=
anf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi All, including "Ignor" ;-)

Typical dichotomy between what operators want and what vendors are actually=
 willing to provide, group consensus will eventually help resolve that. Eit=
her way, the latest version of the Framework I-D is trying to focus ACTN di=
scussion and scope (i.e., the protocol work) on the interfaces which are in=
 scope, namely:

1. The CNC-VNC Interface (CVI)
- Create, modify and delete virtual network service instances
- Resource model

2. The VNC-PNC Interface (VPI)
- Mapping of physical and virtual resources
- Requests: path, provision, modify and restore

As Young suggests, if the VNC received physical topology info it would be p=
erforming the role of the Physical Network Controller (PNC), which is obvio=
usly a (somehow) required function, but the interface (direct provisioning =
of the actual physical network) is out of scope for ACTN.

Br, Dan.

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Leeyoung
Sent: 09 October 2014 21:32
To: Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.=
org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.=
com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Ignor,

Thank you for providing your comment that pauses us to think more and under=
stand on the same level. I think your comment will contribute to crystalliz=
e the scope of work here.

First of all, I think there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assump=
tion on VNC receiving actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were =
to have actually topology (e.g. TED) of a network, this would be called a P=
NC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect has been discussed by emai=
l threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check the archive on that. The r=
eason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domain issue is no different f=
rom today's GMPLS/PCE issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not st=
ep on those areas. What VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is a=
n abstracted topology with varying degrees from actual underlying topology.=
 The reason why we distinguish the term VNC from PNC.

What can be defined on VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VN=
C to each PNC. As long as the detailed path computation and signaling withi=
n a domain are completely up to the domain PNC. VNC is not to be operated o=
n the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path computation is based on what i=
s exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology information details is kept=
 by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topology that can hide the exact de=
tails while exposing a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG=
 of virtual links (which may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed f=
or diversity routing calculation at the VNC. This is very different from ex=
posing the actual TE topology. You can view this as two level of path compu=
tation. VNC first computes an end-to-end path (using whatever constraint in=
formation it has), then coordinates with each PNC (telling the border nodes=
 information), then each PNC computes the domain specific path. When a PNC =
cannot provide a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be signaled=
 to VNC so that the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be able =
to find a feasible end-to-end path.  I would say this is a "two-phase" sign=
aling and path computation. The point is that there must be some level of h=
iding on abstract topology exposure from PNC to VNC and proprietary charact=
eristics of optical devices need to be dealt only with the corresponding PN=
C.

Regarding the term PNC vs. ANC, I wouldn't concern too much about the termi=
nology whichever works better. Thank you for your suggestion.

Lastly, please check the use-cases written by operators in the below links =
that consistently say they need a standard interface that can coordinate th=
eir multi-domain issues.

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-=
domains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/

Regards,
Young

Thanks,
Young


From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>=
; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<=
mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

I believe having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domai=
n PNCs is an extremely  idealistic view.

=3D=3D=3D=3D> BTW I find PNC is a bad term, I like much better Actual Netwo=
rk Controller  (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract topolo=
gies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has an =
access and manages actual provider network).

One reason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topol=
ogy, for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as=
 requested. Actual topology semantics (especially in WDM layer) is very dif=
ferent from vendor to vendor and contains a great variety of proprietary ex=
tensions, failing to understand which leads to producing unprovisionable se=
rvice paths. Do you really believe that a single VNC can talk in the same w=
ay to ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optica=
l providers to switch to WSON :=3D).

This is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this c=
ase North VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, t=
hat is, uses the same X interface.
IHMO whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, =
i.e. ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same =
north bound interface to potentially the same client (e.g.TFK).
IHMO interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.

Cheers,
Igor

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of BELOTTI, SERGIO (SER=
GIO)
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

thanks a lot for reply , please see in line just some further clarification

Regards
Sergio



From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele =
Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luy=
uanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Sergio,

Thanks for your feedback on the framework document. Please see in-line for =
my comment.

Regards,
Young

From: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; Leeyoung; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,

I read you Framework draft and I have some comments on that. Most are edito=
rial , other questions for clarifications.

General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarc=
hical level of controllers or linked to the multi-domain aspect that compel=
 to provide to the customer a single virtualized network even if composed b=
y real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the "virtualizer =
function" provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be insi=
de directly the PNC , correct?

YOUNG>> Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. For a single domain context, =
the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we need to factor in other scenario=
s such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a sof=
tware function that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opin=
ion, even for a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this inte=
rface as a standard interface.

Section 2 , page 4:
abstraction does not imply automatically virtualization,while virtualizatio=
n implies to have surely a certain form of abstraction. I would suggest to =
consider good definition contained into ONF SDN architecture document chapt=
er 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition =
can help all the reading.

YOUNG>> Agree. We will look into the mentioned document if the usage of ter=
ms are aligned with this document. If not, we will clarify the terminology =
more clearly.

Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects that are more related to p=
olicy like admission control  and guarantee of client isolation with real c=
omputational issue like Computing time , path constrains or re-optimization=
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager.

YOUNG>> Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some notes on the aspect of real-=
time related from non real time aspect. VNM is not to be mixed with Virtual=
 Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm which is known as Virtual Networ=
k Mapping which is a software module that converts client requests into act=
ual networks. Virtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a deve=
loped concept from VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefull=
y on this aspect what Virtual Network Manager is doing.

SB>>> If I understood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM i=
s strictly related to planning function so I this it is very import point i=
n the context of PNC , I would say

Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the different control interfac=
e presented in figure 5, I'm a bit confused as to what I/F E is - data plan=
e interface to provider physical network? Or is the intention to provide wh=
at can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from ne=
twork provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor=
 clear to me the intention

YOUNG>> Interface E is not what ACTN will focus on. It simply shows  an und=
erlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provider co=
ntroller, and the mapping to real physical resources.

SB>>> So if I interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interfa=
ce to PNC , the figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .


Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of potential NW topology between =
a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirecti=
onal I guess

YOUNG>> Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.

Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: "PCA abstracts the physical network topology =
into an abstracted topology" Looking at the description of VNC components i=
n 6.2.2 it is the resource manager devoting to provide abstract topology. D=
oes not exist any PCA component.



YOUNG>> Sorry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as t=
he Resource Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!



Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2=
 phase 8

YOUNG>> Thanks. Good catch!

Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC and PNC

YOUNG>> If you are referring to Section 7.3 where:

   Interfaces should also be scalable as a large amount of data needs

   to be transported across customers to virtual network controllers

   and across virtual network controllers and physical network

   controllers.



I think this implies both interfaces B and C although primarily between VNC=
-PNC.



SB>>> Sorry Young, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on=
 Interface interaction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interfac=
e between VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C


Thanks

Sergio


Thanks
Sergio

--_000_4003c11315234da8944051d37e30c796ATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-=
1">
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Wingdings;
	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
p.MsoCommentText, li.MsoCommentText, div.MsoCommentText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text Char";
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:10.0pt;
	margin-left:0in;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:10.5pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
	{mso-style-priority:34;
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:0in;
	margin-left:.5in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
span.CommentTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Comment Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text";}
span.PlainTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text";
	font-family:"Courier New";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle26
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle27
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle28
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle29
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle30
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle31
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle32
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Da=
niele,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Pleas=
e, see in line.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Daniele Ceccarelli [mailto:daniele.cecc=
arelli@ericsson.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 10, 2014 1:25 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Igor Bryskin; King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); =
actn@ietf.org; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Igor,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">What do you mean by cl=
ient here? The one that is the document is called &#8220;service provider&#=
8221; or the one that is called &#8220;client&#8221; ? From what you send I=
 tend to think you are talking about the service provider, but
 I might be wrong, please correct me. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IB&gt=
;&gt; By client I mean the client of a transport domain, the one who speaks=
 Netconf/Restconf to the transport domain. The guy who speaks from the othe=
r end (i.e. on behalf of the transport service
 provider) &nbsp;is the transport domain&#8217;s Hypervisor.<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">I don&#8217;t think th=
e client of the multi-domain network wants to have a so detailed view of th=
e network, he does not care about domains, inter domain links or whatever, =
I would say he only cares about a given amount
 of Gbps from A to B with a given max delay and probably some diversity par=
ameters.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IB&gt=
;&gt; Again, by client I mean multi-domain network controller (e.g. Telefon=
ica SDN controller), not the client using services of the multi-domain netw=
ork (i.e. not the Telefonica clients). Such
 client uses&nbsp; the transport domains for a reason. &#8220;</span><span =
style=3D"color:#1F497D">a given amount of Gbps from A to B&#8221; is too lo=
ose and little for the client to do the network planning. IMO the client ne=
eds to *<b>plan</b>* the abstract topologies provided
 by the transport domains the same or similar way as he would plan his own =
actual topology.</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">On the other side, the=
 one that cares about all of the issues you listed is the service provider =
(as per actual document terminology). However also the service provider doe=
s not go into physical impairment details.
 He cares about connectivity between the borders of the domains, inter doma=
in links. How such connectivity is provisioned/managed is the network provi=
der business. The network provides might be using GMPLS, NMS and ONF contro=
ller with Open Flow or whatever
 to control the network. Maybe calling it PNC is confusing? The PNC can be =
any of the things I&#8217;ve listed and much more.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IB&gt=
;&gt; In this case my client is your service provider ;=3D). You architectu=
rally separate client from the service provider, because you probably belie=
ve that it is possible to standardize the interface
 between the two. I disagree with that and don&#8217;t think ACTN should wo=
rk on this. In the context of ACTN I see only two constructs: Transport dom=
ain controller (transport service provider) and &nbsp;Transport client cont=
roller (transport service user).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hence the interfaces t=
o be considered are two, not three (as Dan said) I think this replies to qu=
estions 1 and 3. Just to add something regarding 2, I would say that they n=
eed just a single entry point to the
 network control (could be a small piece of code running on top of the PCE =
of your GMPLS domain), which acts as an interface between the VNC and the c=
ontrol plane of your network and performs: &#8220;</span><span lang=3D"EN-G=
B" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Mapping of physical
 and virtual resources&#8221; and &nbsp;&#8220;Requests: path, provision, m=
odify and restore&#8221;.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">IB&gt;&gt; As I said, this is the task of the transport domain Hy=
pervisor, whose role is, essentially, to translate back and forth abstract
</span><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings=
;color:#1F497D">=F3</span><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;co=
lor:#1F497D"> actual topology elements and service requests/responses conta=
ining the abstract/actual topology paths.
 I think that the north/south interface between the transport domain Hyperv=
isor and the entity representing the client of the transport domain (no mat=
ter how you call it) is the only interface ACTN can work on with the hope t=
o produce something useful.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Cheers<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Daniele=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in =
4.0pt">
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bry=
skin [<a href=3D"mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com">mailto:IBryskin@advaoptic=
al.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> venerd=EC 10 ottobre 2014 03:16<br>
<b>To:</b> King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mai=
lto:actn@ietf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">dieg=
o@tid.es</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Young=
 and Dan,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">It do=
es not matter how you call me, and as John is helpfully applying, you can i=
gnore what I am saying. But let me explain in some more details what I mean=
t.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Suppo=
se we have a client (such as TFK) of a multi-domain transport network, who =
wants to provision and manipulate e2e transport services the way he wants i=
t (i.e. applying his policies). What
 would such client need?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">1.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">An access to a unifie=
d network TE topology that could be understood and used by the client&#8217=
;s path computer to select service e2e paths. How does the client get such =
a topology? The necessary overlay topology
 comprises abstract topologies presented for the client by each of the tran=
sport domains &#43; inter-domain TE links. Hence we are talking about inter=
face #1 (and data model #1) between a provider hypervisor/VNC and the clien=
t controller to expose in a unified
 abstract &nbsp;way &nbsp;its topology on per client/tenant basis. Furtherm=
ore, the client controller can use this interface in the opposite direction=
 to modify the said abstract topology (subject to the provider&#8217;s &nbs=
p;approval), because the client is the only guy who knows
 how the abstract topology exposed to him should look like to be useful (e.=
g. which and how the abstract links should be disjoint from each other, how=
 many of them should be provided, their attributes, desired recovery capabi=
lities, etc,). This knowledge is
 supposed to come from the client&#8217;s network planning.<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">2.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">A way to provision/mo=
dify/delete e2e services with the use of so computed e2e paths. The client&=
#8217;s controller does that by chopping the paths into per-domain segments=
 and instructs respective domain VNCs/Hypervisors
 to set up/manipulate service respective connection segments. Hence we are =
talking about interface #2 (data model #2) for the service segment manipula=
tion;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">3.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">A way to monitor, tro=
ubleshoot, carry out maintenance of the active e2e services. This would req=
uire interface #3 (data model #3) between the client&#8217;s controller and=
 domains VNCs/Hypervisors for this purpose.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">So, w=
e are talking 3 Yang models with required modifications to neither Netconf/=
Restconf, nor &nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;To any other management, routing or signaling protocol.<o:p></o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Now I=
 have a couple of questions to you:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">1.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">In this example, what=
 else (in addition to these three models) the client such as TFK in your op=
inion would need?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">2.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">What else the network=
 providers and their vendors such as ADVA or CIEN would need?<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">3.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">What is the importanc=
e of a construct such as PNC?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D=
"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">My an=
swer to 3. &#8220;Is not important at all, irrelevant&#8221; for the follow=
ing reasons:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">a)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">What happens beyond t=
he VNC/Hypervisor in the provider network is completely proprietary.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">b)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">There could be numero=
us ways as to how the provider network is managed. Examples: centralized PN=
C (as you call it), ADVA style GMPLS based network intelligence, CIEN style=
 PNNI based control plane, etc. Why
 is that of ACTN&#8217;s business?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> King, Daniel [<a href=3D"mailto:d.king@=
lancaster.ac.uk">mailto:d.king@lancaster.ac.uk</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 4:58 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mai=
lto:actn@ietf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">dieg=
o@tid.es</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi All,=
 including &#8220;Ignor&#8221; ;-)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Typical=
 dichotomy between what operators want and what vendors are actually willin=
g to provide, group consensus will eventually help resolve that. Either way=
, the latest version of the Framework
 I-D is trying to focus ACTN discussion and scope (i.e., the protocol work)=
 on the interfaces which are in scope, namely:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">1. The =
CNC-VNC Interface (CVI)
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Creat=
e, modify and delete virtual network service instances
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Resou=
rce model<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">2. The =
VNC-PNC Interface (VPI)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Mappi=
ng of physical and virtual resources<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Reque=
sts: path, provision, modify and restore<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">As Youn=
g suggests, if the VNC received physical topology info it would be performi=
ng the role of the Physical Network Controller (PNC), which is obviously a =
(somehow) required function, but the interface
 (direct provisioning of the actual physical network) is out of scope for A=
CTN.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Br, Dan=
. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><a name=3D"_MailEndCompose"></a><span lang=3D"EN-GB"=
 style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [<a href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ie=
tf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Leeyoung<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 09 October 2014 21:32<br>
<b>To:</b> Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mailto:actn@i=
etf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">dieg=
o@tid.es</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Ignor,<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thank you for providin=
g your comment that pauses us to think more and understand on the same leve=
l. I think your comment will contribute to crystallize the scope of work he=
re.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">First of all, I think =
there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assumption on VNC receiving =
actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were to have actually topol=
ogy (e.g. TED) of a network, this would
 be called a PNC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect has been dis=
cussed by email threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check the archive =
on that. The reason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domain issue is =
no different from today&#8217;s GMPLS/PCE
 issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not step on those areas. Wh=
at VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is an abstracted topology=
 with varying degrees from actual underlying topology. The reason why we di=
stinguish the term VNC from PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">What can be defined on=
 VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VNC to each PNC. As long=
 as the detailed path computation and signaling within a domain are complet=
ely up to the domain PNC. VNC is not
 to be operated on the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path computation i=
s based on what is exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology informatio=
n details is kept by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topology that can =
hide the exact details while exposing
 a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG of virtual links (w=
hich may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed for diversity routing=
 calculation at the VNC. This is very different from exposing the actual TE=
 topology. You can view this as
 two level of path computation. VNC first computes an end-to-end path (usin=
g whatever constraint information it has), then coordinates with each PNC (=
telling the border nodes information), then each PNC computes the domain sp=
ecific path. When a PNC cannot provide
 a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be signaled to VNC so tha=
t the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be able to find a feas=
ible end-to-end path. &nbsp;I would say this is a &#8220;two-phase&#8221; s=
ignaling and path computation. The point is that
 there must be some level of hiding on abstract topology exposure from PNC =
to VNC and proprietary characteristics of optical devices need to be dealt =
only with the corresponding PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regarding the term PNC=
 vs. ANC, I wouldn&#8217;t concern too much about the terminology whichever=
 works better. Thank you for your suggestion.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Lastly, please check t=
he use-cases written by operators in the below links that consistently say =
they need a standard interface that can coordinate their multi-domain issue=
s.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/">https://datatracker=
.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-domains/">h=
ttps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-d=
omains/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bry=
skin [<a href=3D"mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com">mailto:IBryskin@advaoptic=
al.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.=
org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Yo=
ung,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">I bel=
ieve having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domain PNC=
s is an extremely &nbsp;idealistic view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">=3D=
=3D</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F49=
7D">=E8</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"> BTW I find PN=
C is a bad term, I like much better Actual Network
 Controller&nbsp; (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract top=
ologies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has =
an access and manages actual provider network).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">One r=
eason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topology, =
for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as requ=
ested. Actual topology semantics (especially
 in WDM layer) is very different from vendor to vendor and contains a great=
 variety of proprietary extensions, failing to understand which leads to pr=
oducing unprovisionable service paths. Do you really believe that a single =
VNC can talk in the same way to
 ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optical pro=
viders to switch to WSON :=3D).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">This =
is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this case N=
orth VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, that i=
s, uses the same X interface.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, i.e. =
ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same north=
 bound interface to potentially the
 same client (e.g.TFK).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor =
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [<a href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ie=
tf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Da=
niele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Young,<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">thanks a lot for reply=
 , please see in line just some further clarification<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@=
ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Sergio,<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your feedba=
ck on the framework document. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> BELOTTI,=
 SERGIO (SERGIO) [<a href=3D"mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com">mail=
to:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Cecc=
arelli; Leeyoung;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I read you Framework draft and I have some comments =
on that. Most are editorial , other questions for clarifications.<o:p></o:p=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is=
 in the view of hierarchical level of controllers or linked to the multi-do=
main aspect that compel to provide to the customer a single virtualized net=
work even if composed by real multi-domain
 multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the &#8220;virtualizer function&#822=
1; provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be inside dire=
ctly the PNC , correct?
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. =
For a single domain context, the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we nee=
d to factor in other scenarios such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from =
PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a software function
 that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opinion, even for =
a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this interface as a sta=
ndard interface.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 2 , page 4: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">abstraction does not imply automatically virtualizat=
ion,while virtualization implies to have surely a certain form of abstracti=
on. I would suggest to consider good definition contained into ONF SDN arch=
itecture document chapter 2.3 Conventions
 about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition can help all the r=
eading.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. We will look into the mentioned=
 document if the usage of terms are aligned with this document. If not, we =
will clarify the terminology more clearly.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects tha=
t are more related to policy like admission control &nbsp;and guarantee of =
client isolation with real computational issue like Computing time , path c=
onstrains or re-optimization process. Moreover
 the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit misleading since this te=
rm in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual Network Manager.<o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some=
 notes on the aspect of real-time related from non real time aspect. VNM is=
 not to be mixed with Virtual Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm whi=
ch is known as Virtual Network Mapping which
 is a software module that converts client requests into actual networks. V=
irtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a developed concept f=
rom VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefully on this aspec=
t what Virtual Network Manager is
 doing. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; If I un=
derstood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM is strictly re=
lated to planning function so I this it is very import point in the context=
 of PNC , I would say<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the dif=
ferent control interface presented in figure 5, I&#8217;m a bit confused as=
 to what I/F E is &#8211; data plane interface to provider physical network=
? Or is the intention to provide what can be the
 underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provide=
r controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor clear to me =
the intention<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Interface E is not what ACTN will focu=
s on. It simply shows &nbsp;an underlying model of resources allocated to a=
 customer from network provider controller, and the mapping to real physica=
l resources.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; So if I=
 interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interface to PNC , t=
he figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of po=
tential NW topology between a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in t=
he drawn has to be bidirectional I guess<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: &#8220;PCA abstract=
s the physical network topology into an abstracted topology&#8221; Looking =
at the description of VNC components in 6.2.2 it is the resource manager de=
voting to provide abstract topology. Does not
 exist any PCA component.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; So=
rry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as the Resourc=
e Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is=
 no phase 7, and there are 2 phase 8<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Thanks. Good catch!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC=
 and PNC<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">YOUNG&gt;&gt; If you are referring to Section 7.3=
 where: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interfaces should also be scala=
ble as a large amount of data needs<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; to be transported across customers t=
o virtual network controllers<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; and across virtual network controlle=
rs and physical network<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; controllers.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">I think this implies both interfaces B and C alth=
ough primarily between VNC-PNC.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; Sorry Y=
oung, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on Interface in=
teraction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interface between
 VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Sergio<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_4003c11315234da8944051d37e30c796ATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_--


From nobody Sat Oct 11 17:35:59 2014
Return-Path: <younglee.tx@gmail.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BE41B1A00B7 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Sat, 11 Oct 2014 17:35:57 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -1.999
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-1.999 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, DKIM_SIGNED=0.1, DKIM_VALID=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_AU=-0.1, FREEMAIL_FROM=0.001, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id LrUMM9Hh4n6X for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Sat, 11 Oct 2014 17:35:56 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from mail-ig0-x230.google.com (mail-ig0-x230.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4001:c05::230]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 7E58F1A007D for <actn@ietf.org>; Sat, 11 Oct 2014 17:35:54 -0700 (PDT)
Received: by mail-ig0-f176.google.com with SMTP id hn15so6814906igb.15 for <actn@ietf.org>; Sat, 11 Oct 2014 17:35:53 -0700 (PDT)
DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20120113;  h=mime-version:date:message-id:subject:from:to:content-type; bh=R/LeG/KY/9xdPxjGx8ueTh28figbYFOVDmpc5WwBAok=; b=n3llkvgFkqts68jjwpuwoIvKeboXq1gwhb6VMu+H6hJHSNdQdCEKDk9vj1ZDemqzM2 BPsnXSSJPAfeB4pVxqLOIcnt37o2wvsydw/bBoJZInxqbCfEmsZSM4mEv+z4HlF2MpvG Y2hQjnOtREm7IcJG4Rx/UkaKW873jf6ifPpDywhvaC2NZfoxx5wLCGXl0aQsZeMsTogp tGfL/h3O/cZzzXSkbKOWwzJK965EKh66RiQ61j2iPm3HBzT24ZxuTF/k2FFui7mggEMK 8YjaavqYuvNapZmf649EqPx3rm4SfRrFFzIFnAxIwl5CUsdFeX0h0yAia0ihV8pwQfXg vhfQ==
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Received: by 10.42.188.14 with SMTP id cy14mr26100825icb.52.1413074153857; Sat, 11 Oct 2014 17:35:53 -0700 (PDT)
Received: by 10.50.155.134 with HTTP; Sat, 11 Oct 2014 17:35:53 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Sat, 11 Oct 2014 19:35:53 -0500
Message-ID: <CAGHSPWM=e6MsuYcf7reVqWjOk-OWDqT0iUnYmFgLNFD3E7=fNw@mail.gmail.com>
From: Young Lee <younglee.tx@gmail.com>
To: actn@ietf.org
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=20cf301fb8f9fb68e405052ef6dd
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/mDQ9VHr4RHyKhFtDTpTXOlCp9ZU
Subject: [Actn] ACTN BoF
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 12 Oct 2014 00:35:58 -0000

--20cf301fb8f9fb68e405052ef6dd
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8

Hi All,

Here's IETF 91 Preliminary Agenda:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/91/agenda.html

ACTN BoF is scheduled from 15:20 to 17:20, November 11 (Tuesday) at Coral
3.

Best Regards,
Young

--20cf301fb8f9fb68e405052ef6dd
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><div>Hi All,</div><div><br></div><div>Here&#39;s IETF 91 P=
reliminary Agenda: <a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/91/agend=
a.html">https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/91/agenda.html</a></div><div><=
br></div><div>ACTN BoF is scheduled from 15:20 to 17:20, November 11 (Tuesd=
ay) at Coral 3. </div><div><br></div><div>Best Regards,</div><div>Young</di=
v><div><br></div><div><br></div></div>

--20cf301fb8f9fb68e405052ef6dd--


From nobody Mon Oct 13 06:15:56 2014
Return-Path: <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D7F031A8A79 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 06:15:52 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: 0.015
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=0.015 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_50=0.8, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id fxfoBPdb7Zw0 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 06:15:42 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from smtp-fr.alcatel-lucent.com (fr-hpgre-esg-01.alcatel-lucent.com [135.245.210.22]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 8AA501A8A75 for <actn@ietf.org>; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 06:15:41 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from fr711usmtp1.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com (unknown [135.239.2.122]) by Websense Email Security Gateway with ESMTPS id 41AADE8B183E3; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 13:15:36 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from FR711WXCHHUB01.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com (fr711wxchhub01.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com [135.239.2.111]) by fr711usmtp1.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com (GMO) with ESMTP id s9DDFRdZ004319 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=FAIL); Mon, 13 Oct 2014 15:15:34 +0200
Received: from FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com ([169.254.1.228]) by FR711WXCHHUB01.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com ([135.239.2.111]) with mapi id 14.03.0195.001; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 15:15:22 +0200
From: "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>
To: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>, Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "King, Daniel" <d.king@lancaster.ac.uk>, Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAAEL75AAAFbsYAACSWiYAAaCV2gAAzP9CAAiCNVYA==
Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2014 13:15:21 +0000
Message-ID: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546A08@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36@dfweml706-chm> <65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248@EX-0-MB2.lancs.local> <58713f40bbb24e379d6dc56ea85af0af@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3AE@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se> <4003c11315234da8944051d37e30c796@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
In-Reply-To: <4003c11315234da8944051d37e30c796@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
Accept-Language: it-IT, en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [135.239.27.39]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546A08FR711WXCHMBA05z_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/4KgRZVtMASzTzzTVEZGua7XZyb8
Cc: "BELOTTI, SERGIO \(SERGIO\)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2014 13:15:53 -0000

--_000_B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546A08FR711WXCHMBA05z_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Igor,

Please, see in line

Regards
Sergio


From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: venerd=EC 10 ottobre 2014 22:37
To: Daniele Ceccarelli; King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); a=
ctn@ietf.org; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Daniele,
Please, see in line.
Igor

From: Daniele Ceccarelli [mailto:daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com]
Sent: Friday, October 10, 2014 1:25 PM
To: Igor Bryskin; King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ie=
tf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gm=
ail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Igor,

What do you mean by client here? The one that is the document is called "se=
rvice provider" or the one that is called "client" ? From what you send I t=
end to think you are talking about the service provider, but I might be wro=
ng, please correct me.

IB>> By client I mean the client of a transport domain, the one who speaks =
Netconf/Restconf to the transport domain. The guy who speaks from the other=
 end (i.e. on behalf of the transport service provider)  is the transport d=
omain's Hypervisor.

SB>>> It is clear what you intend here, even if word client it seems to me =
more related to application than to a service provider. Moreover I would av=
oid in this phase to mention any reference to protocol implementation (e.g.=
 Netconf/Restconf) : I think we are in the phase to understand architecture=
, what are the relevant interfaces, and what information is exchanged over =
the reference points/interfaces. I guess this is clearly stated also in the=
 charter of BoF.  At an appropriate time - certainly not now - the next ste=
p is to check with other SDOs on the availability of relevant core/technolo=
gy specific/application specific information model "fragments", and then fi=
nally proceed on the path of pruning/refactoring and mapping to REST/JSON, =
Netconf/YANG, and any other possible data modeling and configuration protoc=
ol existing. This is my understanding  of the BoF scope .

I don't think the client of the multi-domain network wants to have a so det=
ailed view of the network, he does not care about domains, inter domain lin=
ks or whatever, I would say he only cares about a given amount of Gbps from=
 A to B with a given max delay and probably some diversity parameters.

IB>> Again, by client I mean multi-domain network controller (e.g. Telefoni=
ca SDN controller), not the client using services of the multi-domain netwo=
rk (i.e. not the Telefonica clients). Such client uses  the transport domai=
ns for a reason. "a given amount of Gbps from A to B" is too loose and litt=
le for the client to do the network planning. IMO the client needs to *plan=
* the abstract topologies provided by the transport domains the same or sim=
ilar way as he would plan his own actual topology.

SB>>> yes, sure, in you view of "client" , this is the service provider Dan=
iele is talking, so an abstract view of what is the real transport network =
is considered at this level. As I said to Young, in my previous mail, in th=
e case of a single domain scenario VNC and PNC could also coincide but in c=
ase of a multi-domain scenarios the scope is to provide to application laye=
r a single virtualized view of the underline multi domain network.

On the other side, the one that cares about all of the issues you listed is=
 the service provider (as per actual document terminology). However also th=
e service provider does not go into physical impairment details. He cares a=
bout connectivity between the borders of the domains, inter domain links. H=
ow such connectivity is provisioned/managed is the network provider busines=
s. The network provides might be using GMPLS, NMS and ONF controller with O=
pen Flow or whatever to control the network. Maybe calling it PNC is confus=
ing? The PNC can be any of the things I've listed and much more.

IB>> In this case my client is your service provider ;=3D). You architectur=
ally separate client from the service provider, because you probably believ=
e that it is possible to standardize the interface between the two. I disag=
ree with that and don't think ACTN should work on this. In the context of A=
CTN I see only two constructs: Transport domain controller (transport servi=
ce provider) and  Transport client controller (transport service user).

SB>>> ACTN here is not reinventing the wheel , in other SDO SDN specific is=
 considered  the application layer , and the interface between AL and SDN c=
ontroller (in this case the VNC of ACTN) . This interface permit to any cli=
ent to directly impact to his own services and his own "virtualized" resour=
ces .


Hence the interfaces to be considered are two, not three (as Dan said) I th=
ink this replies to questions 1 and 3. Just to add something regarding 2, I=
 would say that they need just a single entry point to the network control =
(could be a small piece of code running on top of the PCE of your GMPLS dom=
ain), which acts as an interface between the VNC and the control plane of y=
our network and performs: "- Mapping of physical and virtual resources" and=
  "Requests: path, provision, modify and restore".

IB>> As I said, this is the task of the transport domain Hypervisor, whose =
role is, essentially, to translate back and forth abstract <=3D> actual top=
ology elements and service requests/responses containing the abstract/actua=
l topology paths. I think that the north/south interface between the transp=
ort domain Hypervisor and the entity representing the client of the transpo=
rt domain (no matter how you call it) is the only interface ACTN can work o=
n with the hope to produce something useful.

Cheers
Daniele



From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: venerd=EC 10 ottobre 2014 03:16
To: King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:=
actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyu=
anf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Young and Dan,

It does not matter how you call me, and as John is helpfully applying, you =
can ignore what I am saying. But let me explain in some more details what I=
 meant.

Suppose we have a client (such as TFK) of a multi-domain transport network,=
 who wants to provision and manipulate e2e transport services the way he wa=
nts it (i.e. applying his policies). What would such client need?


1.     An access to a unified network TE topology that could be understood =
and used by the client's path computer to select service e2e paths. How doe=
s the client get such a topology? The necessary overlay topology comprises =
abstract topologies presented for the client by each of the transport domai=
ns + inter-domain TE links. Hence we are talking about interface #1 (and da=
ta model #1) between a provider hypervisor/VNC and the client controller to=
 expose in a unified abstract  way  its topology on per client/tenant basis=
. Furthermore, the client controller can use this interface in the opposite=
 direction to modify the said abstract topology (subject to the provider's =
 approval), because the client is the only guy who knows how the abstract t=
opology exposed to him should look like to be useful (e.g. which and how th=
e abstract links should be disjoint from each other, how many of them shoul=
d be provided, their attributes, desired recovery capabilities, etc,). This=
 knowledge is supposed to come from the client's network planning.

2.     A way to provision/modify/delete e2e services with the use of so com=
puted e2e paths. The client's controller does that by chopping the paths in=
to per-domain segments and instructs respective domain VNCs/Hypervisors to =
set up/manipulate service respective connection segments. Hence we are talk=
ing about interface #2 (data model #2) for the service segment manipulation=
;

3.     A way to monitor, troubleshoot, carry out maintenance of the active =
e2e services. This would require interface #3 (data model #3) between the c=
lient's controller and domains VNCs/Hypervisors for this purpose.

So, we are talking 3 Yang models with required modifications to neither Net=
conf/Restconf, nor
 To any other management, routing or signaling protocol.

Now I have a couple of questions to you:

1.     In this example, what else (in addition to these three models) the c=
lient such as TFK in your opinion would need?

2.     What else the network providers and their vendors such as ADVA or CI=
EN would need?

3.     What is the importance of a construct such as PNC?


My answer to 3. "Is not important at all, irrelevant" for the following rea=
sons:

a)     What happens beyond the VNC/Hypervisor in the provider network is co=
mpletely proprietary.

b)     There could be numerous ways as to how the provider network is manag=
ed. Examples: centralized PNC (as you call it), ADVA style GMPLS based netw=
ork intelligence, CIEN style PNNI based control plane, etc. Why is that of =
ACTN's business?

Cheers,
Igor

From: King, Daniel [mailto:d.king@lancaster.ac.uk]
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 4:58 PM
To: Leeyoung; Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:=
actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyu=
anf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi All, including "Ignor" ;-)

Typical dichotomy between what operators want and what vendors are actually=
 willing to provide, group consensus will eventually help resolve that. Eit=
her way, the latest version of the Framework I-D is trying to focus ACTN di=
scussion and scope (i.e., the protocol work) on the interfaces which are in=
 scope, namely:

1. The CNC-VNC Interface (CVI)
- Create, modify and delete virtual network service instances
- Resource model

2. The VNC-PNC Interface (VPI)
- Mapping of physical and virtual resources
- Requests: path, provision, modify and restore

As Young suggests, if the VNC received physical topology info it would be p=
erforming the role of the Physical Network Controller (PNC), which is obvio=
usly a (somehow) required function, but the interface (direct provisioning =
of the actual physical network) is out of scope for ACTN.

Br, Dan.

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Leeyoung
Sent: 09 October 2014 21:32
To: Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.=
org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.=
com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Ignor,

Thank you for providing your comment that pauses us to think more and under=
stand on the same level. I think your comment will contribute to crystalliz=
e the scope of work here.

First of all, I think there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assump=
tion on VNC receiving actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were =
to have actually topology (e.g. TED) of a network, this would be called a P=
NC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect has been discussed by emai=
l threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check the archive on that. The r=
eason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domain issue is no different f=
rom today's GMPLS/PCE issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not st=
ep on those areas. What VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is a=
n abstracted topology with varying degrees from actual underlying topology.=
 The reason why we distinguish the term VNC from PNC.

What can be defined on VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VN=
C to each PNC. As long as the detailed path computation and signaling withi=
n a domain are completely up to the domain PNC. VNC is not to be operated o=
n the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path computation is based on what i=
s exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology information details is kept=
 by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topology that can hide the exact de=
tails while exposing a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG=
 of virtual links (which may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed f=
or diversity routing calculation at the VNC. This is very different from ex=
posing the actual TE topology. You can view this as two level of path compu=
tation. VNC first computes an end-to-end path (using whatever constraint in=
formation it has), then coordinates with each PNC (telling the border nodes=
 information), then each PNC computes the domain specific path. When a PNC =
cannot provide a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be signaled=
 to VNC so that the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be able =
to find a feasible end-to-end path.  I would say this is a "two-phase" sign=
aling and path computation. The point is that there must be some level of h=
iding on abstract topology exposure from PNC to VNC and proprietary charact=
eristics of optical devices need to be dealt only with the corresponding PN=
C.

Regarding the term PNC vs. ANC, I wouldn't concern too much about the termi=
nology whichever works better. Thank you for your suggestion.

Lastly, please check the use-cases written by operators in the below links =
that consistently say they need a standard interface that can coordinate th=
eir multi-domain issues.

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-=
domains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/

Regards,
Young

Thanks,
Young


From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>=
; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<=
mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

I believe having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domai=
n PNCs is an extremely  idealistic view.

=3D=3D=3D=3D> BTW I find PNC is a bad term, I like much better Actual Netwo=
rk Controller  (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract topolo=
gies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has an =
access and manages actual provider network).

One reason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topol=
ogy, for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as=
 requested. Actual topology semantics (especially in WDM layer) is very dif=
ferent from vendor to vendor and contains a great variety of proprietary ex=
tensions, failing to understand which leads to producing unprovisionable se=
rvice paths. Do you really believe that a single VNC can talk in the same w=
ay to ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optica=
l providers to switch to WSON :=3D).

This is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this c=
ase North VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, t=
hat is, uses the same X interface.
IHMO whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, =
i.e. ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same =
north bound interface to potentially the same client (e.g.TFK).
IHMO interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.

Cheers,
Igor

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of BELOTTI, SERGIO (SER=
GIO)
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

thanks a lot for reply , please see in line just some further clarification

Regards
Sergio



From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele =
Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luy=
uanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Sergio,

Thanks for your feedback on the framework document. Please see in-line for =
my comment.

Regards,
Young

From: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; Leeyoung; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,

I read you Framework draft and I have some comments on that. Most are edito=
rial , other questions for clarifications.

General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarc=
hical level of controllers or linked to the multi-domain aspect that compel=
 to provide to the customer a single virtualized network even if composed b=
y real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the "virtualizer =
function" provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be insi=
de directly the PNC , correct?

YOUNG>> Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. For a single domain context, =
the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we need to factor in other scenario=
s such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a sof=
tware function that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opin=
ion, even for a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this inte=
rface as a standard interface.

Section 2 , page 4:
abstraction does not imply automatically virtualization,while virtualizatio=
n implies to have surely a certain form of abstraction. I would suggest to =
consider good definition contained into ONF SDN architecture document chapt=
er 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition =
can help all the reading.

YOUNG>> Agree. We will look into the mentioned document if the usage of ter=
ms are aligned with this document. If not, we will clarify the terminology =
more clearly.

Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects that are more related to p=
olicy like admission control  and guarantee of client isolation with real c=
omputational issue like Computing time , path constrains or re-optimization=
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager.

YOUNG>> Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some notes on the aspect of real-=
time related from non real time aspect. VNM is not to be mixed with Virtual=
 Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm which is known as Virtual Networ=
k Mapping which is a software module that converts client requests into act=
ual networks. Virtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a deve=
loped concept from VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefull=
y on this aspect what Virtual Network Manager is doing.

SB>>> If I understood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM i=
s strictly related to planning function so I this it is very import point i=
n the context of PNC , I would say

Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the different control interfac=
e presented in figure 5, I'm a bit confused as to what I/F E is - data plan=
e interface to provider physical network? Or is the intention to provide wh=
at can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from ne=
twork provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor=
 clear to me the intention

YOUNG>> Interface E is not what ACTN will focus on. It simply shows  an und=
erlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provider co=
ntroller, and the mapping to real physical resources.

SB>>> So if I interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interfa=
ce to PNC , the figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .


Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of potential NW topology between =
a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirecti=
onal I guess

YOUNG>> Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.

Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: "PCA abstracts the physical network topology =
into an abstracted topology" Looking at the description of VNC components i=
n 6.2.2 it is the resource manager devoting to provide abstract topology. D=
oes not exist any PCA component.



YOUNG>> Sorry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as t=
he Resource Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!



Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2=
 phase 8

YOUNG>> Thanks. Good catch!

Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC and PNC

YOUNG>> If you are referring to Section 7.3 where:

   Interfaces should also be scalable as a large amount of data needs

   to be transported across customers to virtual network controllers

   and across virtual network controllers and physical network

   controllers.



I think this implies both interfaces B and C although primarily between VNC=
-PNC.



SB>>> Sorry Young, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on=
 Interface interaction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interfac=
e between VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C


Thanks

Sergio


Thanks
Sergio

--_000_B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546A08FR711WXCHMBA05z_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-=
1">
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Wingdings;
	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
p.MsoCommentText, li.MsoCommentText, div.MsoCommentText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text Char";
	margin-top:0cm;
	margin-right:0cm;
	margin-bottom:10.0pt;
	margin-left:0cm;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char";
	margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:10.5pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
	{mso-style-priority:34;
	margin-top:0cm;
	margin-right:0cm;
	margin-bottom:0cm;
	margin-left:36.0pt;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
span.CommentTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Comment Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text";}
span.PlainTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text";
	font-family:"Courier New";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle26
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle27
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle28
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle29
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle30
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle31
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle32
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle33
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
	margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"IT" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Igor,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Please, see in line <o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bry=
skin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> venerd=EC 10 ottobre 2014 22:37<br>
<b>To:</b> Daniele Ceccarelli; King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SER=
GIO); actn@ietf.org; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">Hi Daniele,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">Please, see in line.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">Igor<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang=
=3D"EN-US"> Daniele Ceccarelli [<a href=3D"mailto:daniele.ceccarelli@ericss=
on.com">mailto:daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 10, 2014 1:25 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Igor Bryskin; King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); =
<a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a hre=
f=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Igor=
,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">What do=
 you mean by client here? The one that is the document is called &#8220;ser=
vice provider&#8221; or the one that is called &#8220;client&#8221; ? From =
what you send I tend to think you are talking about the service
 provider, but I might be wrong, please correct me. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">IB&gt;&gt; By client I mean the client of a transport domain, the=
 one who speaks Netconf/Restconf to the transport domain. The guy who speak=
s from the other end (i.e. on behalf of the
 transport service provider) &nbsp;is the transport domain&#8217;s Hypervis=
or.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&=
gt;&gt; It is clear what you intend here, even if word client it seems to m=
e more related to application than to a service provider. Moreover I would =
avoid in this phase to mention any reference to
 protocol implementation (e.g. Netconf/Restconf) : I think we are in the ph=
ase to understand architecture,
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">what are the relevant i=
nterfaces, and what information is exchanged over the reference points/inte=
rfaces.&nbsp;I guess this is clearly stated also in the charter of BoF. &nb=
sp;At an appropriate time &#8211; certainly not now
 &#8211; the next step is to check with other SDOs on the availability of r=
elevant core/technology specific/application specific information model &#8=
220;fragments&#8221;, and then finally proceed on the path of pruning/refac=
toring and mapping to REST/JSON, Netconf/YANG,</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" s=
tyle=3D"color:#1F497D">
 and any other possible data modeling and configuration protocol existing. =
This is my understanding &nbsp;of the BoF scope .<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">I don&#=
8217;t think the client of the multi-domain network wants to have a so deta=
iled view of the network, he does not care about domains, inter domain link=
s or whatever, I would say he only cares about
 a given amount of Gbps from A to B with a given max delay and probably som=
e diversity parameters.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">IB&gt;&gt; Again, by client I mean multi-domain network controlle=
r (e.g. Telefonica SDN controller), not the client using services of the mu=
lti-domain network (i.e. not the Telefonica
 clients). Such client uses&nbsp; the transport domains for a reason. &#822=
0;</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">a given amount of Gbp=
s from A to B&#8221; is too loose and little for the client to do the netwo=
rk planning. IMO the client needs to *<b>plan</b>* the
 abstract topologies provided by the transport domains the same or similar =
way as he would plan his own actual topology.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&=
gt;&gt; yes, sure, in you view of &#8220;client&#8221; , this is the servic=
e provider Daniele is talking, so an abstract view of what is the real tran=
sport network is considered at this level. As I said to Young,
 in my previous mail, in the case of a single domain scenario VNC and PNC c=
ould also coincide but in case of a multi-domain scenarios the scope is to =
provide to application layer a single virtualized view of the underline mul=
ti domain network.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">On the =
other side, the one that cares about all of the issues you listed is the se=
rvice provider (as per actual document terminology). However also the servi=
ce provider does not go into physical
 impairment details. He cares about connectivity between the borders of the=
 domains, inter domain links. How such connectivity is provisioned/managed =
is the network provider business. The network provides might be using GMPLS=
, NMS and ONF controller with Open
 Flow or whatever to control the network. Maybe calling it PNC is confusing=
? The PNC can be any of the things I&#8217;ve listed and much more.<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">IB&gt;&gt; In this case my client is your service provider ;=3D).=
 You architecturally separate client from the service provider, because you=
 probably believe that it is possible to standardize
 the interface between the two. I disagree with that and don&#8217;t think =
ACTN should work on this. In the context of ACTN I see only two constructs:=
 Transport domain controller (transport service provider) and &nbsp;Transpo=
rt client controller (transport service user).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&=
gt;&gt; ACTN here is not reinventing the wheel , in other SDO SDN specific =
is considered &nbsp;the application layer , and the interface between AL an=
d SDN controller (in this case the VNC of ACTN) . This
 interface permit to any client to directly impact to his own services and =
his own &#8220;virtualized&#8221; resources .<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hence t=
he interfaces to be considered are two, not three (as Dan said) I think thi=
s replies to questions 1 and 3. Just to add something regarding 2, I would =
say that they need just a single entry
 point to the network control (could be a small piece of code running on to=
p of the PCE of your GMPLS domain), which acts as an interface between the =
VNC and the control plane of your network and performs: &#8220;</span><span=
 lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">-
 Mapping of physical and virtual resources&#8221; and &nbsp;&#8220;Requests=
: path, provision, modify and restore&#8221;.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">IB&gt;&gt; As I said, this is the task of the transport domain Hy=
pervisor, whose role is, essentially, to translate back and forth abstract
</span><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings=
;color:#1F497D">=F3</span><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;co=
lor:#1F497D"> actual topology elements and service requests/responses conta=
ining the abstract/actual topology paths.
 I think that the north/south interface between the transport domain Hyperv=
isor and the entity representing the client of the transport domain (no mat=
ter how you call it) is the only interface ACTN can work on with the hope t=
o produce something useful.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Cheers<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Daniele=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm =
4.0pt">
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;fo=
nt-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span =
lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&qu=
ot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bryskin [<a href=3D"mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.=
com">mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> venerd=EC 10 ottobre 2014 03:16<br>
<b>To:</b> King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mai=
lto:actn@ietf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">dieg=
o@tid.es</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">Young and Dan,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">It does not matter how you call me, and as John is helpfully appl=
ying, you can ignore what I am saying. But let me explain in some more deta=
ils what I meant.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">Suppose we have a client (such as TFK) of a multi-domain transpor=
t network, who wants to provision and manipulate e2e transport services the=
 way he wants it (i.e. applying his policies).
 What would such client need?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt"><span lang=3D"E=
N-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">1.</span><span lang=3D"EN-US=
" style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;se=
rif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">An acc=
ess to a unified network TE topology that could be understood and used by t=
he client&#8217;s path computer to select service e2e paths. How does the c=
lient get such a topology? The necessary overlay
 topology comprises abstract topologies presented for the client by each of=
 the transport domains &#43; inter-domain TE links. Hence we are talking ab=
out interface #1 (and data model #1) between a provider hypervisor/VNC and =
the client controller to expose in a
 unified abstract &nbsp;way &nbsp;its topology on per client/tenant basis. =
Furthermore, the client controller can use this interface in the opposite d=
irection to modify the said abstract topology (subject to the provider&#821=
7;s &nbsp;approval), because the client is the only guy
 who knows how the abstract topology exposed to him should look like to be =
useful (e.g. which and how the abstract links should be disjoint from each =
other, how many of them should be provided, their attributes, desired recov=
ery capabilities, etc,). This knowledge
 is supposed to come from the client&#8217;s network planning.<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt"><span lang=3D"E=
N-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">2.</span><span lang=3D"EN-US=
" style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;se=
rif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">A way =
to provision/modify/delete e2e services with the use of so computed e2e pat=
hs. The client&#8217;s controller does that by chopping the paths into per-=
domain segments and instructs respective domain
 VNCs/Hypervisors to set up/manipulate service respective connection segmen=
ts. Hence we are talking about interface #2 (data model #2) for the service=
 segment manipulation;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt"><span lang=3D"E=
N-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">3.</span><span lang=3D"EN-US=
" style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;se=
rif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">A way =
to monitor, troubleshoot, carry out maintenance of the active e2e services.=
 This would require interface #3 (data model #3) between the client&#8217;s=
 controller and domains VNCs/Hypervisors for
 this purpose.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">So, we are talking 3 Yang models with required modifications to n=
either Netconf/Restconf, nor &nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">&nbsp;To any other management, routing or signaling protocol.<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">Now I have a couple of questions to you:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt"><span lang=3D"E=
N-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">1.</span><span lang=3D"EN-US=
" style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;se=
rif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">In thi=
s example, what else (in addition to these three models) the client such as=
 TFK in your opinion would need?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt"><span lang=3D"E=
N-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">2.</span><span lang=3D"EN-US=
" style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;se=
rif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">What e=
lse the network providers and their vendors such as ADVA or CIEN would need=
?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt"><span lang=3D"E=
N-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">3.</span><span lang=3D"EN-US=
" style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;se=
rif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">What i=
s the importance of a construct such as PNC?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0p=
t;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">My answer to 3. &#8220;Is not important at all, irrelevant&#8221;=
 for the following reasons:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt"><span lang=3D"E=
N-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">a)</span><span lang=3D"EN-US=
" style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;se=
rif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">What h=
appens beyond the VNC/Hypervisor in the provider network is completely prop=
rietary.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt"><span lang=3D"E=
N-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">b)</span><span lang=3D"EN-US=
" style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;se=
rif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">There =
could be numerous ways as to how the provider network is managed. Examples:=
 centralized PNC (as you call it), ADVA style GMPLS based network intellige=
nce, CIEN style PNNI based control plane,
 etc. Why is that of ACTN&#8217;s business?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">Igor<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang=
=3D"EN-US"> King, Daniel [<a href=3D"mailto:d.king@lancaster.ac.uk">mailto:=
d.king@lancaster.ac.uk</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 4:58 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mai=
lto:actn@ietf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">dieg=
o@tid.es</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi All,=
 including &#8220;Ignor&#8221; ;-)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Typical=
 dichotomy between what operators want and what vendors are actually willin=
g to provide, group consensus will eventually help resolve that. Either way=
, the latest version of the Framework
 I-D is trying to focus ACTN discussion and scope (i.e., the protocol work)=
 on the interfaces which are in scope, namely:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">1. The =
CNC-VNC Interface (CVI)
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Creat=
e, modify and delete virtual network service instances
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Resou=
rce model<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">2. The =
VNC-PNC Interface (VPI)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Mappi=
ng of physical and virtual resources<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Reque=
sts: path, provision, modify and restore<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">As Youn=
g suggests, if the VNC received physical topology info it would be performi=
ng the role of the Physical Network Controller (PNC), which is obviously a =
(somehow) required function, but the interface
 (direct provisioning of the actual physical network) is out of scope for A=
CTN.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Br, Dan=
. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><a name=3D"_MailEndCompose"></a><span lang=3D"EN-GB"=
 style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang=
=3D"EN-US"> ACTN [<a href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:actn-boun=
ces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Leeyoung<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 09 October 2014 21:32<br>
<b>To:</b> Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mailto:actn@i=
etf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">dieg=
o@tid.es</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Igno=
r,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thank y=
ou for providing your comment that pauses us to think more and understand o=
n the same level. I think your comment will contribute to crystallize the s=
cope of work here.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">First o=
f all, I think there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assumption on=
 VNC receiving actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were to have=
 actually topology (e.g. TED) of a network,
 this would be called a PNC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect h=
as been discussed by email threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check t=
he archive on that. The reason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domai=
n issue is no different from today&#8217;s
 GMPLS/PCE issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not step on those=
 areas. What VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is an abstracte=
d topology with varying degrees from actual underlying topology. The reason=
 why we distinguish the term VNC
 from PNC. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">What ca=
n be defined on VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VNC to ea=
ch PNC. As long as the detailed path computation and signaling within a dom=
ain are completely up to the domain PNC.
 VNC is not to be operated on the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path co=
mputation is based on what is exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology=
 information details is kept by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topolog=
y that can hide the exact details
 while exposing a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG of v=
irtual links (which may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed for di=
versity routing calculation at the VNC. This is very different from exposin=
g the actual TE topology. You can
 view this as two level of path computation. VNC first computes an end-to-e=
nd path (using whatever constraint information it has), then coordinates wi=
th each PNC (telling the border nodes information), then each PNC computes =
the domain specific path. When a
 PNC cannot provide a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be sig=
naled to VNC so that the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be =
able to find a feasible end-to-end path. &nbsp;I would say this is a &#8220=
;two-phase&#8221; signaling and path computation.
 The point is that there must be some level of hiding on abstract topology =
exposure from PNC to VNC and proprietary characteristics of optical devices=
 need to be dealt only with the corresponding PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regardi=
ng the term PNC vs. ANC, I wouldn&#8217;t concern too much about the termin=
ology whichever works better. Thank you for your suggestion.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Lastly,=
 please check the use-cases written by operators in the below links that co=
nsistently say they need a standard interface that can coordinate their mul=
ti-domain issues.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=
=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/">http=
s://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/</a><o:p></o:p=
></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=
=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-ven=
dor-domains/">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity=
-multi-vendor-domains/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=
=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/">ht=
tps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/</a><o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=
=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/">ht=
tps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/</a><o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=
=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/">ht=
tps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/</a><o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards=
,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;fo=
nt-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span =
lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&qu=
ot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bryskin [<a href=3D"mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.=
com">mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.=
org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">Hi Young,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">I believe having the same instance of VNC talking to different ve=
ndor domain PNCs is an extremely &nbsp;idealistic view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">=3D=3D</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-=
family:Wingdings;color:#1F497D">=E8</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"fon=
t-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"> BTW I find PNC is a bad
 term, I like much better Actual Network Controller&nbsp; (ANC). VNC (a.k.a=
. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract topologies, and to be able do that, it=
 talks to a ANC- a controller which has an access and manages actual provid=
er network).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">One reason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying ac=
tual topology, for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG d=
isjoint as requested. Actual topology
 semantics (especially in WDM layer) is very different from vendor to vendo=
r and contains a great variety of proprietary extensions, failing to unders=
tand which leads to producing unprovisionable service paths. Do you really =
believe that a single VNC can talk
 in the same way to ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to =
ask all optical providers to switch to WSON :=3D).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">This is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but=
 in this case North VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to So=
uth VNC, that is, uses the same X interface.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">IHMO whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprie=
tary way, i.e. ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing=
 the same north bound interface to potentially
 the same client (e.g.TFK).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">IHMO interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">Igor
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang=
=3D"EN-US"> ACTN [<a href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:actn-boun=
ces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Da=
niele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Young,<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">thanks =
a lot for reply , please see in line just some further clarification<o:p></=
o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;fo=
nt-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span =
lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&qu=
ot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mail=
to:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@=
ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Serg=
io,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks =
for your feedback on the framework document. Please see in-line for my comm=
ent.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards=
,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;fo=
nt-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span =
lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&qu=
ot;sans-serif&quot;"> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [<a href=3D"mailto:sergio.be=
lotti@alcatel-lucent.com">mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Cecc=
arelli; Leeyoung;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Hi Daniele , Young and all auth=
ors,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">I read you Framework draft and =
I have some comments on that. Most are editorial , other questions for clar=
ifications.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">General question: in the draft =
the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarchical level of controllers or l=
inked to the multi-domain aspect that compel to provide to the customer a s=
ingle virtualized network even if composed
 by real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the &#8220;virt=
ualizer function&#8221; provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context=
 could be inside directly the PNC , correct?
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes. That is the =
correct view of VNC. For a single domain context, the VNC can be integrated=
 with PNC. But we need to factor in other scenarios such as 1) VNC vendor m=
ay be different from PNC vendor or 2) VNC
 is a software function that operator may want to operate as its control. I=
n my opinion, even for a single domain, I think there is benefit to define =
this interface as a standard interface.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Section 2 , page 4: <o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">abstraction does not imply auto=
matically virtualization,while virtualization implies to have surely a cert=
ain form of abstraction. I would suggest to consider good definition contai=
ned into ONF SDN architecture document
 chapter 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good defin=
ition can help all the reading.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. We will lo=
ok into the mentioned document if the usage of terms are aligned with this =
document. If not, we will clarify the terminology more clearly.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Section 5: It seems to me you m=
ixed here aspects that are more related to policy like admission control &n=
bsp;and guarantee of client isolation with real computational issue like Co=
mputing time , path constrains or re-optimization
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Indeed. In Sectio=
n 5, we will put some notes on the aspect of real-time related from non rea=
l time aspect. VNM is not to be mixed with Virtual Network Manager. Here VN=
M is an algorithm which is known as Virtual
 Network Mapping which is a software module that converts client requests i=
nto actual networks. Virtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is=
 a developed concept from VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more c=
arefully on this aspect what Virtual
 Network Manager is doing. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&=
gt;&gt; If I understood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM=
 is strictly related to planning function so I this it is very import point=
 in the context of PNC , I would say<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Section 6.1 : while it is clear=
 the scope of the different control interface presented in figure 5, I&#821=
7;m a bit confused as to what I/F E is &#8211; data plane interface to prov=
ider physical network? Or is the intention to provide
 what can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from=
 network provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? =
Nor clear to me the intention<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Interface E is no=
t what ACTN will focus on. It simply shows &nbsp;an underlying model of res=
ources allocated to a customer from network provider controller, and the ma=
pping to real physical resources.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&=
gt;&gt; So if I interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal inter=
face to PNC , the figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Section 6.1, always figure=
 5: If a report of potential NW topology between a VNC and a CNC can be que=
ried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirectional I guess<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt"=
>YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28=
: &#8220;PCA abstracts the physical network topology into an abstracted top=
ology&#8221; Looking at the description of VNC components in 6.2.2 it is th=
e resource manager devoting to provide abstract
 topology. Does not exist any PCA component.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">Y=
OUNG&gt;&gt; Sorry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same=
 as the Resource Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In=
 the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2 phase 8<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt"=
>YOUNG&gt;&gt; Thanks. Good catch!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Page 30 : It is Interface =
C not B , between VNC and PNC<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">YOUNG&gt;&gt; If you are ref=
erring to Section 7.3 where:
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interfaces=
 should also be scalable as a large amount of data needs<o:p></o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp; to be transport=
ed across customers to virtual network controllers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp; and across virt=
ual network controllers and physical network<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp; controllers.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">I think this implies both in=
terfaces B and C although primarily between VNC-PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;fo=
nt-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;fo=
nt-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&=
gt;&gt; Sorry Young, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , =
on Interface interaction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as
 interface between VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Thanks<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Sergio<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546A08FR711WXCHMBA05z_--


From nobody Mon Oct 13 07:18:02 2014
Return-Path: <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 760AF1A004C for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 07:17:51 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.685
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.685 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id wDZ4nqy4Udh6 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 07:17:40 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from mail3.advaoptical.com (mail3.advaoptical.com [74.202.24.82]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 747681A0010 for <actn@ietf.org>; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 07:17:39 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com [172.16.5.39]) by atl-vs-fsmail.advaoptical.com (8.14.5/8.14.5) with ESMTP id s9DEHRCl007483 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=FAIL); Mon, 13 Oct 2014 10:17:27 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) by atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.39) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.181.6; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 10:17:27 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) by ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1044.5; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 10:17:27 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1]) by ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1%14]) with mapi id 15.00.1044.003; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 10:17:27 -0400
From: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
To: "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, "Daniele Ceccarelli" <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "King, Daniel" <d.king@lancaster.ac.uk>, Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAAEL75AAAFbsYAACSWiYAAaCV2gAAzP9CAAiCNVYAACSweQ
Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2014 14:17:26 +0000
Message-ID: <d5d45bdf6c444d1e8bf68c6edfeebc7b@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36@dfweml706-chm> <65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248@EX-0-MB2.lancs.local> <58713f40bbb24e379d6dc56ea85af0af@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3AE@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se> <4003c11315234da8944051d37e30c796@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546A08@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com>
In-Reply-To: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546A08@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-ms-exchange-transport-fromentityheader: Hosted
x-originating-ip: [172.16.5.49]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_d5d45bdf6c444d1e8bf68c6edfeebc7bATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=fsecure engine=2.50.10432:5.12.52, 1.0.28,  0.0.0000 definitions=2014-10-13_02:2014-10-13,2014-10-13,1970-01-01 signatures=0
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/Bqc0LXawF2qFxdX0rg3PTIfFoXI
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2014 14:17:51 -0000

--_000_d5d45bdf6c444d1e8bf68c6edfeebc7bATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Sergio,
A couple of comments in line.

Cheers,
Igor

From: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
Sent: Monday, October 13, 2014 9:15 AM
To: Igor Bryskin; Daniele Ceccarelli; King, Daniel; Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org=
; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve); BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Igor,

Please, see in line

Regards
Sergio


From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: venerd=EC 10 ottobre 2014 22:37
To: Daniele Ceccarelli; King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); a=
ctn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyu=
anf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Daniele,
Please, see in line.
Igor

From: Daniele Ceccarelli [mailto:daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com]
Sent: Friday, October 10, 2014 1:25 PM
To: Igor Bryskin; King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ie=
tf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gm=
ail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Igor,

What do you mean by client here? The one that is the document is called "se=
rvice provider" or the one that is called "client" ? From what you send I t=
end to think you are talking about the service provider, but I might be wro=
ng, please correct me.

IB>> By client I mean the client of a transport domain, the one who speaks =
Netconf/Restconf to the transport domain. The guy who speaks from the other=
 end (i.e. on behalf of the transport service provider)  is the transport d=
omain's Hypervisor.

SB>>> It is clear what you intend here, even if word client it seems to me =
more related to application than to a service provider.

IB>> I am talking about the interface between transport domain server and  =
transport domain client. I would argue that the very same interface can be =
used between a multi-domain provider (e.g. Telefonika) and its clients. Not=
 all such clients are dumb, as Daniele claims, and only care about "a given=
 amount of Gbps from A to B". It is easy to envision that some of the clien=
ts would want from Telefonica a couple of SRLG-disjoint abstract links, so =
that the clients can have a say in the placement of their  services across =
the Telefonika network. Three points here:

a)      The client will be able to configure fully or partially the abstrac=
t topology he wants the network to present to him;

b)      The said abstract topology could be as simple (e.g. a single abstra=
ct node) or as complex (e.g. N abstract nodes interconnected by M abstract =
links) as the client wants it to be (subject to the provider's approval)

c)      The abstract topology presented to the client is completely decoupl=
ed from the provider's actual topology.

Therefore the same interface/set of models can be used between any transpor=
t network provider and its client. Furthermore, the interface can be used i=
n the hierarchical way, that is, a client of a transport domain can serve i=
ts own clients using the same interface as it uses to talk to its own provi=
der(s)

Moreover I would avoid in this phase to mention any reference to protocol i=
mplementation (e.g. Netconf/Restconf) : I think we are in the phase to unde=
rstand architecture, what are the relevant interfaces, and what information=
 is exchanged over the reference points/interfaces. I guess this is clearly=
 stated also in the charter of BoF.

IB>> Agree. I used Netconf/Restconf as an example to make it clear what int=
erface I was talking about.

 At an appropriate time - certainly not now - the next step is to check wit=
h other SDOs on the availability of relevant core/technology specific/appli=
cation specific information model "fragments", and then finally proceed on =
the path of pruning/refactoring and mapping to REST/JSON, Netconf/YANG, and=
 any other possible data modeling and configuration protocol existing. This=
 is my understanding  of the BoF scope .

I don't think the client of the multi-domain network wants to have a so det=
ailed view of the network, he does not care about domains, inter domain lin=
ks or whatever, I would say he only cares about a given amount of Gbps from=
 A to B with a given max delay and probably some diversity parameters.

IB>> Again, by client I mean multi-domain network controller (e.g. Telefoni=
ca SDN controller), not the client using services of the multi-domain netwo=
rk (i.e. not the Telefonica clients). Such client uses  the transport domai=
ns for a reason. "a given amount of Gbps from A to B" is too loose and litt=
le for the client to do the network planning. IMO the client needs to *plan=
* the abstract topologies provided by the transport domains the same or sim=
ilar way as he would plan his own actual topology.

SB>>> yes, sure, in you view of "client" , this is the service provider Dan=
iele is talking, so an abstract view of what is the real transport network =
is considered at this level. As I said to Young, in my previous mail, in th=
e case of a single domain scenario VNC and PNC could also coincide but in c=
ase of a multi-domain scenarios the scope is to provide to application laye=
r a single virtualized view of the underline multi domain network.

On the other side, the one that cares about all of the issues you listed is=
 the service provider (as per actual document terminology). However also th=
e service provider does not go into physical impairment details. He cares a=
bout connectivity between the borders of the domains, inter domain links. H=
ow such connectivity is provisioned/managed is the network provider busines=
s. The network provides might be using GMPLS, NMS and ONF controller with O=
pen Flow or whatever to control the network. Maybe calling it PNC is confus=
ing? The PNC can be any of the things I've listed and much more.

IB>> In this case my client is your service provider ;=3D). You architectur=
ally separate client from the service provider, because you probably believ=
e that it is possible to standardize the interface between the two. I disag=
ree with that and don't think ACTN should work on this. In the context of A=
CTN I see only two constructs: Transport domain controller (transport servi=
ce provider) and  Transport client controller (transport service user).

SB>>> ACTN here is not reinventing the wheel , in other SDO SDN specific is=
 considered  the application layer , and the interface between AL and SDN c=
ontroller (in this case the VNC of ACTN) . This interface permit to any cli=
ent to directly impact to his own services and his own "virtualized" resour=
ces .


Hence the interfaces to be considered are two, not three (as Dan said) I th=
ink this replies to questions 1 and 3. Just to add something regarding 2, I=
 would say that they need just a single entry point to the network control =
(could be a small piece of code running on top of the PCE of your GMPLS dom=
ain), which acts as an interface between the VNC and the control plane of y=
our network and performs: "- Mapping of physical and virtual resources" and=
  "Requests: path, provision, modify and restore".

IB>> As I said, this is the task of the transport domain Hypervisor, whose =
role is, essentially, to translate back and forth abstract <=3D> actual top=
ology elements and service requests/responses containing the abstract/actua=
l topology paths. I think that the north/south interface between the transp=
ort domain Hypervisor and the entity representing the client of the transpo=
rt domain (no matter how you call it) is the only interface ACTN can work o=
n with the hope to produce something useful.

Cheers
Daniele



From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: venerd=EC 10 ottobre 2014 03:16
To: King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:=
actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyu=
anf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Young and Dan,

It does not matter how you call me, and as John is helpfully applying, you =
can ignore what I am saying. But let me explain in some more details what I=
 meant.

Suppose we have a client (such as TFK) of a multi-domain transport network,=
 who wants to provision and manipulate e2e transport services the way he wa=
nts it (i.e. applying his policies). What would such client need?


1.     An access to a unified network TE topology that could be understood =
and used by the client's path computer to select service e2e paths. How doe=
s the client get such a topology? The necessary overlay topology comprises =
abstract topologies presented for the client by each of the transport domai=
ns + inter-domain TE links. Hence we are talking about interface #1 (and da=
ta model #1) between a provider hypervisor/VNC and the client controller to=
 expose in a unified abstract  way  its topology on per client/tenant basis=
. Furthermore, the client controller can use this interface in the opposite=
 direction to modify the said abstract topology (subject to the provider's =
 approval), because the client is the only guy who knows how the abstract t=
opology exposed to him should look like to be useful (e.g. which and how th=
e abstract links should be disjoint from each other, how many of them shoul=
d be provided, their attributes, desired recovery capabilities, etc,). This=
 knowledge is supposed to come from the client's network planning.

2.     A way to provision/modify/delete e2e services with the use of so com=
puted e2e paths. The client's controller does that by chopping the paths in=
to per-domain segments and instructs respective domain VNCs/Hypervisors to =
set up/manipulate service respective connection segments. Hence we are talk=
ing about interface #2 (data model #2) for the service segment manipulation=
;

3.     A way to monitor, troubleshoot, carry out maintenance of the active =
e2e services. This would require interface #3 (data model #3) between the c=
lient's controller and domains VNCs/Hypervisors for this purpose.

So, we are talking 3 Yang models with required modifications to neither Net=
conf/Restconf, nor
 To any other management, routing or signaling protocol.

Now I have a couple of questions to you:

1.     In this example, what else (in addition to these three models) the c=
lient such as TFK in your opinion would need?

2.     What else the network providers and their vendors such as ADVA or CI=
EN would need?

3.     What is the importance of a construct such as PNC?


My answer to 3. "Is not important at all, irrelevant" for the following rea=
sons:

a)     What happens beyond the VNC/Hypervisor in the provider network is co=
mpletely proprietary.

b)     There could be numerous ways as to how the provider network is manag=
ed. Examples: centralized PNC (as you call it), ADVA style GMPLS based netw=
ork intelligence, CIEN style PNNI based control plane, etc. Why is that of =
ACTN's business?

Cheers,
Igor

From: King, Daniel [mailto:d.king@lancaster.ac.uk]
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 4:58 PM
To: Leeyoung; Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:=
actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyu=
anf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi All, including "Ignor" ;-)

Typical dichotomy between what operators want and what vendors are actually=
 willing to provide, group consensus will eventually help resolve that. Eit=
her way, the latest version of the Framework I-D is trying to focus ACTN di=
scussion and scope (i.e., the protocol work) on the interfaces which are in=
 scope, namely:

1. The CNC-VNC Interface (CVI)
- Create, modify and delete virtual network service instances
- Resource model

2. The VNC-PNC Interface (VPI)
- Mapping of physical and virtual resources
- Requests: path, provision, modify and restore

As Young suggests, if the VNC received physical topology info it would be p=
erforming the role of the Physical Network Controller (PNC), which is obvio=
usly a (somehow) required function, but the interface (direct provisioning =
of the actual physical network) is out of scope for ACTN.

Br, Dan.

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Leeyoung
Sent: 09 October 2014 21:32
To: Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.=
org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.=
com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Ignor,

Thank you for providing your comment that pauses us to think more and under=
stand on the same level. I think your comment will contribute to crystalliz=
e the scope of work here.

First of all, I think there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assump=
tion on VNC receiving actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were =
to have actually topology (e.g. TED) of a network, this would be called a P=
NC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect has been discussed by emai=
l threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check the archive on that. The r=
eason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domain issue is no different f=
rom today's GMPLS/PCE issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not st=
ep on those areas. What VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is a=
n abstracted topology with varying degrees from actual underlying topology.=
 The reason why we distinguish the term VNC from PNC.

What can be defined on VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VN=
C to each PNC. As long as the detailed path computation and signaling withi=
n a domain are completely up to the domain PNC. VNC is not to be operated o=
n the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path computation is based on what i=
s exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology information details is kept=
 by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topology that can hide the exact de=
tails while exposing a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG=
 of virtual links (which may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed f=
or diversity routing calculation at the VNC. This is very different from ex=
posing the actual TE topology. You can view this as two level of path compu=
tation. VNC first computes an end-to-end path (using whatever constraint in=
formation it has), then coordinates with each PNC (telling the border nodes=
 information), then each PNC computes the domain specific path. When a PNC =
cannot provide a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be signaled=
 to VNC so that the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be able =
to find a feasible end-to-end path.  I would say this is a "two-phase" sign=
aling and path computation. The point is that there must be some level of h=
iding on abstract topology exposure from PNC to VNC and proprietary charact=
eristics of optical devices need to be dealt only with the corresponding PN=
C.

Regarding the term PNC vs. ANC, I wouldn't concern too much about the termi=
nology whichever works better. Thank you for your suggestion.

Lastly, please check the use-cases written by operators in the below links =
that consistently say they need a standard interface that can coordinate th=
eir multi-domain issues.

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-=
domains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/

Regards,
Young

Thanks,
Young


From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>=
; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<=
mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

I believe having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domai=
n PNCs is an extremely  idealistic view.

=3D=3D=3D=3D> BTW I find PNC is a bad term, I like much better Actual Netwo=
rk Controller  (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract topolo=
gies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has an =
access and manages actual provider network).

One reason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topol=
ogy, for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as=
 requested. Actual topology semantics (especially in WDM layer) is very dif=
ferent from vendor to vendor and contains a great variety of proprietary ex=
tensions, failing to understand which leads to producing unprovisionable se=
rvice paths. Do you really believe that a single VNC can talk in the same w=
ay to ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optica=
l providers to switch to WSON :=3D).

This is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this c=
ase North VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, t=
hat is, uses the same X interface.
IHMO whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, =
i.e. ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same =
north bound interface to potentially the same client (e.g.TFK).
IHMO interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.

Cheers,
Igor

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of BELOTTI, SERGIO (SER=
GIO)
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

thanks a lot for reply , please see in line just some further clarification

Regards
Sergio



From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele =
Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luy=
uanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Sergio,

Thanks for your feedback on the framework document. Please see in-line for =
my comment.

Regards,
Young

From: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; Leeyoung; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,

I read you Framework draft and I have some comments on that. Most are edito=
rial , other questions for clarifications.

General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarc=
hical level of controllers or linked to the multi-domain aspect that compel=
 to provide to the customer a single virtualized network even if composed b=
y real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the "virtualizer =
function" provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be insi=
de directly the PNC , correct?

YOUNG>> Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. For a single domain context, =
the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we need to factor in other scenario=
s such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a sof=
tware function that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opin=
ion, even for a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this inte=
rface as a standard interface.

Section 2 , page 4:
abstraction does not imply automatically virtualization,while virtualizatio=
n implies to have surely a certain form of abstraction. I would suggest to =
consider good definition contained into ONF SDN architecture document chapt=
er 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition =
can help all the reading.

YOUNG>> Agree. We will look into the mentioned document if the usage of ter=
ms are aligned with this document. If not, we will clarify the terminology =
more clearly.

Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects that are more related to p=
olicy like admission control  and guarantee of client isolation with real c=
omputational issue like Computing time , path constrains or re-optimization=
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager.

YOUNG>> Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some notes on the aspect of real-=
time related from non real time aspect. VNM is not to be mixed with Virtual=
 Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm which is known as Virtual Networ=
k Mapping which is a software module that converts client requests into act=
ual networks. Virtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a deve=
loped concept from VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefull=
y on this aspect what Virtual Network Manager is doing.

SB>>> If I understood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM i=
s strictly related to planning function so I this it is very import point i=
n the context of PNC , I would say

Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the different control interfac=
e presented in figure 5, I'm a bit confused as to what I/F E is - data plan=
e interface to provider physical network? Or is the intention to provide wh=
at can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from ne=
twork provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor=
 clear to me the intention

YOUNG>> Interface E is not what ACTN will focus on. It simply shows  an und=
erlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provider co=
ntroller, and the mapping to real physical resources.

SB>>> So if I interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interfa=
ce to PNC , the figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .


Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of potential NW topology between =
a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirecti=
onal I guess

YOUNG>> Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.

Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: "PCA abstracts the physical network topology =
into an abstracted topology" Looking at the description of VNC components i=
n 6.2.2 it is the resource manager devoting to provide abstract topology. D=
oes not exist any PCA component.



YOUNG>> Sorry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as t=
he Resource Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!



Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2=
 phase 8

YOUNG>> Thanks. Good catch!

Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC and PNC

YOUNG>> If you are referring to Section 7.3 where:

   Interfaces should also be scalable as a large amount of data needs

   to be transported across customers to virtual network controllers

   and across virtual network controllers and physical network

   controllers.



I think this implies both interfaces B and C although primarily between VNC=
-PNC.



SB>>> Sorry Young, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on=
 Interface interaction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interfac=
e between VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C


Thanks

Sergio


Thanks
Sergio

--_000_d5d45bdf6c444d1e8bf68c6edfeebc7bATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-=
1">
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Wingdings;
	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
p.MsoCommentText, li.MsoCommentText, div.MsoCommentText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text Char";
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:10.0pt;
	margin-left:0in;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:10.5pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
	{mso-style-priority:34;
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:0in;
	margin-left:.5in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
span.CommentTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Comment Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text";}
span.PlainTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text";
	font-family:"Courier New";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle26
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle27
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle28
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle29
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle30
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle31
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle32
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle33
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle34
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
	{mso-list-id:2059745284;
	mso-list-type:hybrid;
	mso-list-template-ids:-211939424 -1650416728 67698713 67698715 67698703 67=
698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l0:level1
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-text:"%1\)";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;
	mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
@list l0:level2
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level3
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l0:level4
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level5
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level6
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l0:level7
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level8
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level9
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
ol
	{margin-bottom:0in;}
ul
	{margin-bottom:0in;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Se=
rgio,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">A cou=
ple of comments in line.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio=
.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, October 13, 2014 9:15 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Igor Bryskin; Daniele Ceccarelli; King, Daniel; Leeyoung; actn@i=
etf.org; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve); BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Igor,<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Please, se=
e in line <o:p>
</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-=
family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span lan=
g=3D"IT" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;san=
s-serif&quot;"> Igor Bryskin [<a href=3D"mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com">m=
ailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> venerd=EC 10 ottobre 2014 22:37<br>
<b>To:</b> Daniele Ceccarelli; King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SER=
GIO); <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a hre=
f=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Da=
niele,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Pleas=
e, see in line.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Daniele Ceccarelli [<a href=3D"mailto:d=
aniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com">mailto:daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 10, 2014 1:25 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Igor Bryskin; King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); =
<a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a hre=
f=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Igor,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">What do you mean by cl=
ient here? The one that is the document is called &#8220;service provider&#=
8221; or the one that is called &#8220;client&#8221; ? From what you send I=
 tend to think you are talking about the service provider, but
 I might be wrong, please correct me. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IB&gt=
;&gt; By client I mean the client of a transport domain, the one who speaks=
 Netconf/Restconf to the transport domain. The guy who speaks from the othe=
r end (i.e. on behalf of the transport service
 provider) &nbsp;is the transport domain&#8217;s Hypervisor.<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; It is c=
lear what you intend here, even if word client it seems to me more related =
to application than to a service provider.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">IB&gt;&gt=
; I am talking about the interface between transport domain server and&nbsp=
; transport domain client. I would argue that the very same interface can b=
e used between a multi-domain provider (e.g. Telefonika)
 and its clients. Not all such clients are dumb, as Daniele claims, and onl=
y care about
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">&#8220;</span><span style=
=3D"color:red">a given amount of Gbps from A to B&#8221;. It is easy to env=
ision that some of the clients would want from Telefonica a couple of SRLG-=
disjoint abstract links, so that the clients can
 have a say in the placement of their &nbsp;services across the Telefonika =
network. Three points here:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level=
1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"color:red"><span style=3D"mso-l=
ist:Ignore">a)<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">T=
he client will be able to configure fully or partially the abstract topolog=
y he wants the network to present to him;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level=
1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"color:red"><span style=3D"mso-l=
ist:Ignore">b)<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">T=
he said abstract topology could be as simple (e.g. a single abstract node) =
or as complex (e.g. N abstract nodes interconnected by M abstract links) as=
 the client wants it to be (subject
 to the provider&#8217;s approval)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level=
1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"color:red"><span style=3D"mso-l=
ist:Ignore">c)<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">T=
he abstract topology presented to the client is completely decoupled from t=
he provider&#8217;s actual topology.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red"><o:p>&nbs=
p;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">Therefore=
 the same interface/set of models can be used between any transport network=
 provider and its client. Furthermore, the interface can be used in the hie=
rarchical way, that is, a client of
 a transport domain can serve its own clients using the same interface as i=
t uses to talk to its own provider(s)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red"><o:p>&nbs=
p;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Moreover I would avoid=
 in this phase to mention any reference to protocol implementation (e.g. Ne=
tconf/Restconf) : I think we are in the phase to understand architecture, w=
hat are the relevant interfaces, and
 what information is exchanged over the reference points/interfaces.&nbsp;I=
 guess this is clearly stated also in the charter of BoF.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">IB&gt;&gt=
; Agree. I used Netconf/Restconf as an example to make it clear what interf=
ace I was talking about.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red"><o:p>&nbs=
p;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;At an appropriat=
e time &#8211; certainly not now &#8211; the next step is to check with oth=
er SDOs on the availability of relevant core/technology specific/applicatio=
n specific information model &#8220;fragments&#8221;, and then finally
 proceed on the path of pruning/refactoring and mapping to REST/JSON, Netco=
nf/YANG, and any other possible data modeling and configuration protocol ex=
isting. This is my understanding &nbsp;of the BoF scope .<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">I don&#8217;t think th=
e client of the multi-domain network wants to have a so detailed view of th=
e network, he does not care about domains, inter domain links or whatever, =
I would say he only cares about a given amount
 of Gbps from A to B with a given max delay and probably some diversity par=
ameters.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IB&gt=
;&gt; Again, by client I mean multi-domain network controller (e.g. Telefon=
ica SDN controller), not the client using services of the multi-domain netw=
ork (i.e. not the Telefonica clients). Such
 client uses&nbsp; the transport domains for a reason. &#8220;</span><span =
style=3D"color:#1F497D">a given amount of Gbps from A to B&#8221; is too lo=
ose and little for the client to do the network planning. IMO the client ne=
eds to *<b>plan</b>* the abstract topologies provided
 by the transport domains the same or similar way as he would plan his own =
actual topology.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; yes, su=
re, in you view of &#8220;client&#8221; , this is the service provider Dani=
ele is talking, so an abstract view of what is the real transport network i=
s considered at this level. As I said to Young, in my previous
 mail, in the case of a single domain scenario VNC and PNC could also coinc=
ide but in case of a multi-domain scenarios the scope is to provide to appl=
ication layer a single virtualized view of the underline multi domain netwo=
rk.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">On the other side, the=
 one that cares about all of the issues you listed is the service provider =
(as per actual document terminology). However also the service provider doe=
s not go into physical impairment details.
 He cares about connectivity between the borders of the domains, inter doma=
in links. How such connectivity is provisioned/managed is the network provi=
der business. The network provides might be using GMPLS, NMS and ONF contro=
ller with Open Flow or whatever
 to control the network. Maybe calling it PNC is confusing? The PNC can be =
any of the things I&#8217;ve listed and much more.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IB&gt=
;&gt; In this case my client is your service provider ;=3D). You architectu=
rally separate client from the service provider, because you probably belie=
ve that it is possible to standardize the interface
 between the two. I disagree with that and don&#8217;t think ACTN should wo=
rk on this. In the context of ACTN I see only two constructs: Transport dom=
ain controller (transport service provider) and &nbsp;Transport client cont=
roller (transport service user).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; ACTN he=
re is not reinventing the wheel , in other SDO SDN specific is considered &=
nbsp;the application layer , and the interface between AL and SDN controlle=
r (in this case the VNC of ACTN) . This interface
 permit to any client to directly impact to his own services and his own &#=
8220;virtualized&#8221; resources .<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hence the interfaces t=
o be considered are two, not three (as Dan said) I think this replies to qu=
estions 1 and 3. Just to add something regarding 2, I would say that they n=
eed just a single entry point to the
 network control (could be a small piece of code running on top of the PCE =
of your GMPLS domain), which acts as an interface between the VNC and the c=
ontrol plane of your network and performs: &#8220;</span><span lang=3D"EN-G=
B" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Mapping of physical
 and virtual resources&#8221; and &nbsp;&#8220;Requests: path, provision, m=
odify and restore&#8221;.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">IB&gt;&gt; As I said, this is the task of the transport domain Hy=
pervisor, whose role is, essentially, to translate back and forth abstract
</span><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings=
;color:#1F497D">=F3</span><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;co=
lor:#1F497D"> actual topology elements and service requests/responses conta=
ining the abstract/actual topology paths.
 I think that the north/south interface between the transport domain Hyperv=
isor and the entity representing the client of the transport domain (no mat=
ter how you call it) is the only interface ACTN can work on with the hope t=
o produce something useful.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Cheers<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Daniele=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in =
4.0pt">
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bry=
skin [<a href=3D"mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com">mailto:IBryskin@advaoptic=
al.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> venerd=EC 10 ottobre 2014 03:16<br>
<b>To:</b> King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mai=
lto:actn@ietf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">dieg=
o@tid.es</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Young=
 and Dan,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">It do=
es not matter how you call me, and as John is helpfully applying, you can i=
gnore what I am saying. But let me explain in some more details what I mean=
t.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Suppo=
se we have a client (such as TFK) of a multi-domain transport network, who =
wants to provision and manipulate e2e transport services the way he wants i=
t (i.e. applying his policies). What
 would such client need?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">1.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">An access to a unifie=
d network TE topology that could be understood and used by the client&#8217=
;s path computer to select service e2e paths. How does the client get such =
a topology? The necessary overlay topology
 comprises abstract topologies presented for the client by each of the tran=
sport domains &#43; inter-domain TE links. Hence we are talking about inter=
face #1 (and data model #1) between a provider hypervisor/VNC and the clien=
t controller to expose in a unified
 abstract &nbsp;way &nbsp;its topology on per client/tenant basis. Furtherm=
ore, the client controller can use this interface in the opposite direction=
 to modify the said abstract topology (subject to the provider&#8217;s &nbs=
p;approval), because the client is the only guy who knows
 how the abstract topology exposed to him should look like to be useful (e.=
g. which and how the abstract links should be disjoint from each other, how=
 many of them should be provided, their attributes, desired recovery capabi=
lities, etc,). This knowledge is
 supposed to come from the client&#8217;s network planning.<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">2.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">A way to provision/mo=
dify/delete e2e services with the use of so computed e2e paths. The client&=
#8217;s controller does that by chopping the paths into per-domain segments=
 and instructs respective domain VNCs/Hypervisors
 to set up/manipulate service respective connection segments. Hence we are =
talking about interface #2 (data model #2) for the service segment manipula=
tion;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">3.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">A way to monitor, tro=
ubleshoot, carry out maintenance of the active e2e services. This would req=
uire interface #3 (data model #3) between the client&#8217;s controller and=
 domains VNCs/Hypervisors for this purpose.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">So, w=
e are talking 3 Yang models with required modifications to neither Netconf/=
Restconf, nor &nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;To any other management, routing or signaling protocol.<o:p></o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Now I=
 have a couple of questions to you:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">1.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">In this example, what=
 else (in addition to these three models) the client such as TFK in your op=
inion would need?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">2.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">What else the network=
 providers and their vendors such as ADVA or CIEN would need?<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">3.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">What is the importanc=
e of a construct such as PNC?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D=
"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">My an=
swer to 3. &#8220;Is not important at all, irrelevant&#8221; for the follow=
ing reasons:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">a)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">What happens beyond t=
he VNC/Hypervisor in the provider network is completely proprietary.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">b)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">There could be numero=
us ways as to how the provider network is managed. Examples: centralized PN=
C (as you call it), ADVA style GMPLS based network intelligence, CIEN style=
 PNNI based control plane, etc. Why
 is that of ACTN&#8217;s business?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> King, Daniel [<a href=3D"mailto:d.king@=
lancaster.ac.uk">mailto:d.king@lancaster.ac.uk</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 4:58 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mai=
lto:actn@ietf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">dieg=
o@tid.es</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi All,=
 including &#8220;Ignor&#8221; ;-)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Typical=
 dichotomy between what operators want and what vendors are actually willin=
g to provide, group consensus will eventually help resolve that. Either way=
, the latest version of the Framework
 I-D is trying to focus ACTN discussion and scope (i.e., the protocol work)=
 on the interfaces which are in scope, namely:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">1. The =
CNC-VNC Interface (CVI)
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Creat=
e, modify and delete virtual network service instances
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Resou=
rce model<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">2. The =
VNC-PNC Interface (VPI)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Mappi=
ng of physical and virtual resources<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Reque=
sts: path, provision, modify and restore<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">As Youn=
g suggests, if the VNC received physical topology info it would be performi=
ng the role of the Physical Network Controller (PNC), which is obviously a =
(somehow) required function, but the interface
 (direct provisioning of the actual physical network) is out of scope for A=
CTN.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Br, Dan=
. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><a name=3D"_MailEndCompose"></a><span lang=3D"EN-GB"=
 style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [<a href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ie=
tf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Leeyoung<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 09 October 2014 21:32<br>
<b>To:</b> Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mailto:actn@i=
etf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">dieg=
o@tid.es</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Ignor,<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thank you for providin=
g your comment that pauses us to think more and understand on the same leve=
l. I think your comment will contribute to crystallize the scope of work he=
re.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">First of all, I think =
there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assumption on VNC receiving =
actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were to have actually topol=
ogy (e.g. TED) of a network, this would
 be called a PNC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect has been dis=
cussed by email threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check the archive =
on that. The reason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domain issue is =
no different from today&#8217;s GMPLS/PCE
 issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not step on those areas. Wh=
at VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is an abstracted topology=
 with varying degrees from actual underlying topology. The reason why we di=
stinguish the term VNC from PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">What can be defined on=
 VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VNC to each PNC. As long=
 as the detailed path computation and signaling within a domain are complet=
ely up to the domain PNC. VNC is not
 to be operated on the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path computation i=
s based on what is exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology informatio=
n details is kept by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topology that can =
hide the exact details while exposing
 a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG of virtual links (w=
hich may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed for diversity routing=
 calculation at the VNC. This is very different from exposing the actual TE=
 topology. You can view this as
 two level of path computation. VNC first computes an end-to-end path (usin=
g whatever constraint information it has), then coordinates with each PNC (=
telling the border nodes information), then each PNC computes the domain sp=
ecific path. When a PNC cannot provide
 a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be signaled to VNC so tha=
t the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be able to find a feas=
ible end-to-end path. &nbsp;I would say this is a &#8220;two-phase&#8221; s=
ignaling and path computation. The point is that
 there must be some level of hiding on abstract topology exposure from PNC =
to VNC and proprietary characteristics of optical devices need to be dealt =
only with the corresponding PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regarding the term PNC=
 vs. ANC, I wouldn&#8217;t concern too much about the terminology whichever=
 works better. Thank you for your suggestion.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Lastly, please check t=
he use-cases written by operators in the below links that consistently say =
they need a standard interface that can coordinate their multi-domain issue=
s.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/">https://datatracker=
.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-domains/">h=
ttps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-d=
omains/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bry=
skin [<a href=3D"mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com">mailto:IBryskin@advaoptic=
al.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.=
org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Yo=
ung,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">I bel=
ieve having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domain PNC=
s is an extremely &nbsp;idealistic view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">=3D=
=3D</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F49=
7D">=E8</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"> BTW I find PN=
C is a bad term, I like much better Actual Network
 Controller&nbsp; (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract top=
ologies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has =
an access and manages actual provider network).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">One r=
eason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topology, =
for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as requ=
ested. Actual topology semantics (especially
 in WDM layer) is very different from vendor to vendor and contains a great=
 variety of proprietary extensions, failing to understand which leads to pr=
oducing unprovisionable service paths. Do you really believe that a single =
VNC can talk in the same way to
 ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optical pro=
viders to switch to WSON :=3D).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">This =
is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this case N=
orth VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, that i=
s, uses the same X interface.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, i.e. =
ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same north=
 bound interface to potentially the
 same client (e.g.TFK).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor =
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [<a href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ie=
tf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Da=
niele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Young,<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">thanks a lot for reply=
 , please see in line just some further clarification<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@=
ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Sergio,<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your feedba=
ck on the framework document. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> BELOTTI,=
 SERGIO (SERGIO) [<a href=3D"mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com">mail=
to:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Cecc=
arelli; Leeyoung;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I read you Framework draft and I have some comments =
on that. Most are editorial , other questions for clarifications.<o:p></o:p=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is=
 in the view of hierarchical level of controllers or linked to the multi-do=
main aspect that compel to provide to the customer a single virtualized net=
work even if composed by real multi-domain
 multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the &#8220;virtualizer function&#822=
1; provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be inside dire=
ctly the PNC , correct?
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. =
For a single domain context, the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we nee=
d to factor in other scenarios such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from =
PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a software function
 that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opinion, even for =
a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this interface as a sta=
ndard interface.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 2 , page 4: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">abstraction does not imply automatically virtualizat=
ion,while virtualization implies to have surely a certain form of abstracti=
on. I would suggest to consider good definition contained into ONF SDN arch=
itecture document chapter 2.3 Conventions
 about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition can help all the r=
eading.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. We will look into the mentioned=
 document if the usage of terms are aligned with this document. If not, we =
will clarify the terminology more clearly.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects tha=
t are more related to policy like admission control &nbsp;and guarantee of =
client isolation with real computational issue like Computing time , path c=
onstrains or re-optimization process. Moreover
 the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit misleading since this te=
rm in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual Network Manager.<o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some=
 notes on the aspect of real-time related from non real time aspect. VNM is=
 not to be mixed with Virtual Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm whi=
ch is known as Virtual Network Mapping which
 is a software module that converts client requests into actual networks. V=
irtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a developed concept f=
rom VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefully on this aspec=
t what Virtual Network Manager is
 doing. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; If I un=
derstood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM is strictly re=
lated to planning function so I this it is very import point in the context=
 of PNC , I would say<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the dif=
ferent control interface presented in figure 5, I&#8217;m a bit confused as=
 to what I/F E is &#8211; data plane interface to provider physical network=
? Or is the intention to provide what can be the
 underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provide=
r controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor clear to me =
the intention<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Interface E is not what ACTN will focu=
s on. It simply shows &nbsp;an underlying model of resources allocated to a=
 customer from network provider controller, and the mapping to real physica=
l resources.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; So if I=
 interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interface to PNC , t=
he figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of po=
tential NW topology between a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in t=
he drawn has to be bidirectional I guess<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: &#8220;PCA abstract=
s the physical network topology into an abstracted topology&#8221; Looking =
at the description of VNC components in 6.2.2 it is the resource manager de=
voting to provide abstract topology. Does not
 exist any PCA component.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; So=
rry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as the Resourc=
e Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is=
 no phase 7, and there are 2 phase 8<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Thanks. Good catch!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC=
 and PNC<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">YOUNG&gt;&gt; If you are referring to Section 7.3=
 where: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interfaces should also be scala=
ble as a large amount of data needs<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; to be transported across customers t=
o virtual network controllers<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; and across virtual network controlle=
rs and physical network<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; controllers.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">I think this implies both interfaces B and C alth=
ough primarily between VNC-PNC.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; Sorry Y=
oung, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on Interface in=
teraction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interface between
 VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Sergio<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_d5d45bdf6c444d1e8bf68c6edfeebc7bATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_--


From nobody Mon Oct 13 14:12:46 2014
Return-Path: <leeyoung@huawei.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D5BC91A0041 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 14:12:42 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -3.986
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-3.986 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HK_RANDOM_ENVFROM=0.001, HK_RANDOM_FROM=0.999, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id f3U9aTZo9WpD for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 14:12:29 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from lhrrgout.huawei.com (lhrrgout.huawei.com [194.213.3.17]) (using TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id C79461A005C for <actn@ietf.org>; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 14:12:26 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from 172.18.7.190 (EHLO lhreml403-hub.china.huawei.com) ([172.18.7.190]) by lhrrg01-dlp.huawei.com (MOS 4.3.7-GA FastPath queued) with ESMTP id BNP43413; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 21:12:24 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from DFWEML702-CHM.china.huawei.com (10.193.5.72) by lhreml403-hub.china.huawei.com (10.201.5.217) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.158.1; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 22:12:22 +0100
Received: from DFWEML706-CHM.china.huawei.com ([10.193.5.225]) by dfweml702-chm ([10.193.5.72]) with mapi id 14.03.0158.001; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 14:12:11 -0700
From: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>
To: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>, "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "King, Daniel" <d.king@lancaster.ac.uk>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAAEL75AAAFbsYAACSWiYAAaCV2gAAzP9CAAiCNVYAACSweQAA4f0GA=
Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2014 21:12:10 +0000
Message-ID: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DB7E@dfweml706-chm>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36@dfweml706-chm> <65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248@EX-0-MB2.lancs.local> <58713f40bbb24e379d6dc56ea85af0af@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3AE@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se> <4003c11315234da8944051d37e30c796@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546A08@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <d5d45bdf6c444d1e8bf68c6edfeebc7b@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
In-Reply-To: <d5d45bdf6c444d1e8bf68c6edfeebc7b@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [10.192.11.247]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DB7Edfweml706chm_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-CFilter-Loop: Reflected
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/h37NPbJJxxuWeKh58vn_00HT2VE
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2014 21:12:43 -0000

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DB7Edfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Igor,

After all we are agreeing with the interfaces of ACTN interest are Interfac=
e B and C, right?

IB>> I am talking about the interface between transport domain server and  =
transport domain client. I would argue that the very same interface can be =
used between a multi-domain provider (e.g. Telefonika) and its clients. Not=
 all such clients are dumb, as Daniele claims, and only care about "a given=
 amount of Gbps from A to B". It is easy to envision that some of the clien=
ts would want from Telefonica a couple of SRLG-disjoint abstract links, so =
that the clients can have a say in the placement of their  services across =
the Telefonika network. Three points here:

a)      The client will be able to configure fully or partially the abstrac=
t topology he wants the network to present to him;

b)      The said abstract topology could be as simple (e.g. a single abstra=
ct node) or as complex (e.g. N abstract nodes interconnected by M abstract =
links) as the client wants it to be (subject to the provider's approval)

c)      The abstract topology presented to the client is completely decoupl=
ed from the provider's actual topology.

Therefore the same interface/set of models can be used between any transpor=
t network provider and its client. Furthermore, the interface can be used i=
n the hierarchical way, that is, a client of a transport domain can serve i=
ts own clients using the same interface as it uses to talk to its own provi=
der(s)

Here I would like to give you a little clearer picture on multi-domain issu=
es.

   +----------------+   +---------------+      +--------------+
   |   Customer 1   |   |   Customer 2  |  ... | Customer M   |
   +----------------+   +---------------+      +--------------+
                   \             |              /
                    \            |             /
       Interface B   \           |            /
                      \          |           /
                      +----------------------+
                      |   VNC Multi-domain   | E2E abstract
                      |      Coordination    | topology creation
                      +----------------------+
                       /         |            \
        Interface C   /          |             \  Network Topology
                     /           |              \ (abstract)
                    /            |               \
   +------------------+   +------------------+    +------------------+
   | Network Domain 1 |   | Network Domain 2 | .. | Network Domain N |
   +------------------+   +------------------+    +------------------+
        Vendor X                 Vendor Y               Vendor Z


What is sitting above "VNC" (that coordinates over multi-domain controllers=
) can be an internal service organization (of the same operator) or service=
 providers (different operators, forming carriers of carrier). The control =
entity of these entities is referred to as Customer Network control (CNC). =
The VNC -CNC interface (Interface B) has different requirements than the VN=
C-PNC interface (Interface C). Topology abstraction is just one of the requ=
irements and in multi-domain case, the VNC is performing multi-domain coord=
ination function. VNC needs to have a standard interface that enable commun=
ications with different kinds of domain network control/management control =
(which is referred to as PNC, you call ANC). Each domain has its own ways o=
f controlling its network, which ACTN is not touching those at all. Whateve=
r the choices of vendor control regime will continue to be employed (GMPLS/=
ASON, PNNI, NMS, OpenFlow, etc.).

For this multi-domain coordination function assumed by VNC should be operat=
ed on an abstract level. We don't want to inject the same level of actual n=
etwork topology (e.g., TED) as the domain controller operates its physical/=
actual networks. Is this agreeable? You said above this in c) The abstract =
topology presented to the client is completely decoupled from the provider'=
s actual topology.

Now the VNC (multi-domain coordinator) needs to coordinate signaling across=
 multi-domain controllers (in terms of the sequence of the end-to-end path =
across multiple domains). This is a new element I believe ACTN will have to=
 develop. This interface C (VNC-PNC) is very different from Interface B (CN=
C-VNC). There are other differences (please see Section 6.5 of the framewor=
k document).  But I agree with you that from an abstract topology standpoin=
t, similar model works for Interfaces B and C as you said  b)      The said=
 abstract topology could be as simple (e.g. a single abstract node) or as c=
omplex (e.g. N abstract nodes interconnected by M abstract links) as the cl=
ient wants it to be (subject to the provider's approval).

Best regards,
Young




From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: Monday, October 13, 2014 9:17 AM
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Daniele Ceccarelli; King, Daniel; Leeyoung; a=
ctn@ietf.org; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Sergio,
A couple of comments in line.

Cheers,
Igor

From: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
Sent: Monday, October 13, 2014 9:15 AM
To: Igor Bryskin; Daniele Ceccarelli; King, Daniel; Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org=
; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve); BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Igor,

Please, see in line

Regards
Sergio


From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: venerd=EC 10 ottobre 2014 22:37
To: Daniele Ceccarelli; King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); a=
ctn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyu=
anf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Daniele,
Please, see in line.
Igor

From: Daniele Ceccarelli [mailto:daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com]
Sent: Friday, October 10, 2014 1:25 PM
To: Igor Bryskin; King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ie=
tf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gm=
ail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Igor,

What do you mean by client here? The one that is the document is called "se=
rvice provider" or the one that is called "client" ? From what you send I t=
end to think you are talking about the service provider, but I might be wro=
ng, please correct me.

IB>> By client I mean the client of a transport domain, the one who speaks =
Netconf/Restconf to the transport domain. The guy who speaks from the other=
 end (i.e. on behalf of the transport service provider)  is the transport d=
omain's Hypervisor.

SB>>> It is clear what you intend here, even if word client it seems to me =
more related to application than to a service provider.

IB>> I am talking about the interface between transport domain server and  =
transport domain client. I would argue that the very same interface can be =
used between a multi-domain provider (e.g. Telefonika) and its clients. Not=
 all such clients are dumb, as Daniele claims, and only care about "a given=
 amount of Gbps from A to B". It is easy to envision that some of the clien=
ts would want from Telefonica a couple of SRLG-disjoint abstract links, so =
that the clients can have a say in the placement of their  services across =
the Telefonika network. Three points here:

a)      The client will be able to configure fully or partially the abstrac=
t topology he wants the network to present to him;

b)      The said abstract topology could be as simple (e.g. a single abstra=
ct node) or as complex (e.g. N abstract nodes interconnected by M abstract =
links) as the client wants it to be (subject to the provider's approval)

c)      The abstract topology presented to the client is completely decoupl=
ed from the provider's actual topology.

Therefore the same interface/set of models can be used between any transpor=
t network provider and its client. Furthermore, the interface can be used i=
n the hierarchical way, that is, a client of a transport domain can serve i=
ts own clients using the same interface as it uses to talk to its own provi=
der(s)

Moreover I would avoid in this phase to mention any reference to protocol i=
mplementation (e.g. Netconf/Restconf) : I think we are in the phase to unde=
rstand architecture, what are the relevant interfaces, and what information=
 is exchanged over the reference points/interfaces. I guess this is clearly=
 stated also in the charter of BoF.

IB>> Agree. I used Netconf/Restconf as an example to make it clear what int=
erface I was talking about.

 At an appropriate time - certainly not now - the next step is to check wit=
h other SDOs on the availability of relevant core/technology specific/appli=
cation specific information model "fragments", and then finally proceed on =
the path of pruning/refactoring and mapping to REST/JSON, Netconf/YANG, and=
 any other possible data modeling and configuration protocol existing. This=
 is my understanding  of the BoF scope .

I don't think the client of the multi-domain network wants to have a so det=
ailed view of the network, he does not care about domains, inter domain lin=
ks or whatever, I would say he only cares about a given amount of Gbps from=
 A to B with a given max delay and probably some diversity parameters.

IB>> Again, by client I mean multi-domain network controller (e.g. Telefoni=
ca SDN controller), not the client using services of the multi-domain netwo=
rk (i.e. not the Telefonica clients). Such client uses  the transport domai=
ns for a reason. "a given amount of Gbps from A to B" is too loose and litt=
le for the client to do the network planning. IMO the client needs to *plan=
* the abstract topologies provided by the transport domains the same or sim=
ilar way as he would plan his own actual topology.

SB>>> yes, sure, in you view of "client" , this is the service provider Dan=
iele is talking, so an abstract view of what is the real transport network =
is considered at this level. As I said to Young, in my previous mail, in th=
e case of a single domain scenario VNC and PNC could also coincide but in c=
ase of a multi-domain scenarios the scope is to provide to application laye=
r a single virtualized view of the underline multi domain network.

On the other side, the one that cares about all of the issues you listed is=
 the service provider (as per actual document terminology). However also th=
e service provider does not go into physical impairment details. He cares a=
bout connectivity between the borders of the domains, inter domain links. H=
ow such connectivity is provisioned/managed is the network provider busines=
s. The network provides might be using GMPLS, NMS and ONF controller with O=
pen Flow or whatever to control the network. Maybe calling it PNC is confus=
ing? The PNC can be any of the things I've listed and much more.

IB>> In this case my client is your service provider ;=3D). You architectur=
ally separate client from the service provider, because you probably believ=
e that it is possible to standardize the interface between the two. I disag=
ree with that and don't think ACTN should work on this. In the context of A=
CTN I see only two constructs: Transport domain controller (transport servi=
ce provider) and  Transport client controller (transport service user).

SB>>> ACTN here is not reinventing the wheel , in other SDO SDN specific is=
 considered  the application layer , and the interface between AL and SDN c=
ontroller (in this case the VNC of ACTN) . This interface permit to any cli=
ent to directly impact to his own services and his own "virtualized" resour=
ces .


Hence the interfaces to be considered are two, not three (as Dan said) I th=
ink this replies to questions 1 and 3. Just to add something regarding 2, I=
 would say that they need just a single entry point to the network control =
(could be a small piece of code running on top of the PCE of your GMPLS dom=
ain), which acts as an interface between the VNC and the control plane of y=
our network and performs: "- Mapping of physical and virtual resources" and=
  "Requests: path, provision, modify and restore".

IB>> As I said, this is the task of the transport domain Hypervisor, whose =
role is, essentially, to translate back and forth abstract <=3D> actual top=
ology elements and service requests/responses containing the abstract/actua=
l topology paths. I think that the north/south interface between the transp=
ort domain Hypervisor and the entity representing the client of the transpo=
rt domain (no matter how you call it) is the only interface ACTN can work o=
n with the hope to produce something useful.

Cheers
Daniele



From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: venerd=EC 10 ottobre 2014 03:16
To: King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:=
actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyu=
anf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Young and Dan,

It does not matter how you call me, and as John is helpfully applying, you =
can ignore what I am saying. But let me explain in some more details what I=
 meant.

Suppose we have a client (such as TFK) of a multi-domain transport network,=
 who wants to provision and manipulate e2e transport services the way he wa=
nts it (i.e. applying his policies). What would such client need?


1.     An access to a unified network TE topology that could be understood =
and used by the client's path computer to select service e2e paths. How doe=
s the client get such a topology? The necessary overlay topology comprises =
abstract topologies presented for the client by each of the transport domai=
ns + inter-domain TE links. Hence we are talking about interface #1 (and da=
ta model #1) between a provider hypervisor/VNC and the client controller to=
 expose in a unified abstract  way  its topology on per client/tenant basis=
. Furthermore, the client controller can use this interface in the opposite=
 direction to modify the said abstract topology (subject to the provider's =
 approval), because the client is the only guy who knows how the abstract t=
opology exposed to him should look like to be useful (e.g. which and how th=
e abstract links should be disjoint from each other, how many of them shoul=
d be provided, their attributes, desired recovery capabilities, etc,). This=
 knowledge is supposed to come from the client's network planning.

2.     A way to provision/modify/delete e2e services with the use of so com=
puted e2e paths. The client's controller does that by chopping the paths in=
to per-domain segments and instructs respective domain VNCs/Hypervisors to =
set up/manipulate service respective connection segments. Hence we are talk=
ing about interface #2 (data model #2) for the service segment manipulation=
;

3.     A way to monitor, troubleshoot, carry out maintenance of the active =
e2e services. This would require interface #3 (data model #3) between the c=
lient's controller and domains VNCs/Hypervisors for this purpose.

So, we are talking 3 Yang models with required modifications to neither Net=
conf/Restconf, nor
 To any other management, routing or signaling protocol.

Now I have a couple of questions to you:

1.     In this example, what else (in addition to these three models) the c=
lient such as TFK in your opinion would need?

2.     What else the network providers and their vendors such as ADVA or CI=
EN would need?

3.     What is the importance of a construct such as PNC?


My answer to 3. "Is not important at all, irrelevant" for the following rea=
sons:

a)     What happens beyond the VNC/Hypervisor in the provider network is co=
mpletely proprietary.

b)     There could be numerous ways as to how the provider network is manag=
ed. Examples: centralized PNC (as you call it), ADVA style GMPLS based netw=
ork intelligence, CIEN style PNNI based control plane, etc. Why is that of =
ACTN's business?

Cheers,
Igor

From: King, Daniel [mailto:d.king@lancaster.ac.uk]
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 4:58 PM
To: Leeyoung; Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:=
actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyu=
anf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi All, including "Ignor" ;-)

Typical dichotomy between what operators want and what vendors are actually=
 willing to provide, group consensus will eventually help resolve that. Eit=
her way, the latest version of the Framework I-D is trying to focus ACTN di=
scussion and scope (i.e., the protocol work) on the interfaces which are in=
 scope, namely:

1. The CNC-VNC Interface (CVI)
- Create, modify and delete virtual network service instances
- Resource model

2. The VNC-PNC Interface (VPI)
- Mapping of physical and virtual resources
- Requests: path, provision, modify and restore

As Young suggests, if the VNC received physical topology info it would be p=
erforming the role of the Physical Network Controller (PNC), which is obvio=
usly a (somehow) required function, but the interface (direct provisioning =
of the actual physical network) is out of scope for ACTN.

Br, Dan.

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Leeyoung
Sent: 09 October 2014 21:32
To: Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.=
org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.=
com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Ignor,

Thank you for providing your comment that pauses us to think more and under=
stand on the same level. I think your comment will contribute to crystalliz=
e the scope of work here.

First of all, I think there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assump=
tion on VNC receiving actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were =
to have actually topology (e.g. TED) of a network, this would be called a P=
NC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect has been discussed by emai=
l threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check the archive on that. The r=
eason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domain issue is no different f=
rom today's GMPLS/PCE issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not st=
ep on those areas. What VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is a=
n abstracted topology with varying degrees from actual underlying topology.=
 The reason why we distinguish the term VNC from PNC.

What can be defined on VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VN=
C to each PNC. As long as the detailed path computation and signaling withi=
n a domain are completely up to the domain PNC. VNC is not to be operated o=
n the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path computation is based on what i=
s exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology information details is kept=
 by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topology that can hide the exact de=
tails while exposing a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG=
 of virtual links (which may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed f=
or diversity routing calculation at the VNC. This is very different from ex=
posing the actual TE topology. You can view this as two level of path compu=
tation. VNC first computes an end-to-end path (using whatever constraint in=
formation it has), then coordinates with each PNC (telling the border nodes=
 information), then each PNC computes the domain specific path. When a PNC =
cannot provide a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be signaled=
 to VNC so that the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be able =
to find a feasible end-to-end path.  I would say this is a "two-phase" sign=
aling and path computation. The point is that there must be some level of h=
iding on abstract topology exposure from PNC to VNC and proprietary charact=
eristics of optical devices need to be dealt only with the corresponding PN=
C.

Regarding the term PNC vs. ANC, I wouldn't concern too much about the termi=
nology whichever works better. Thank you for your suggestion.

Lastly, please check the use-cases written by operators in the below links =
that consistently say they need a standard interface that can coordinate th=
eir multi-domain issues.

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-=
domains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/

Regards,
Young

Thanks,
Young


From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>=
; Daniele Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<=
mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

I believe having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domai=
n PNCs is an extremely  idealistic view.

=3D=3D=3D=3D> BTW I find PNC is a bad term, I like much better Actual Netwo=
rk Controller  (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract topolo=
gies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has an =
access and manages actual provider network).

One reason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topol=
ogy, for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as=
 requested. Actual topology semantics (especially in WDM layer) is very dif=
ferent from vendor to vendor and contains a great variety of proprietary ex=
tensions, failing to understand which leads to producing unprovisionable se=
rvice paths. Do you really believe that a single VNC can talk in the same w=
ay to ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optica=
l providers to switch to WSON :=3D).

This is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this c=
ase North VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, t=
hat is, uses the same X interface.
IHMO whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, =
i.e. ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same =
north bound interface to potentially the same client (e.g.TFK).
IHMO interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.

Cheers,
Igor

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of BELOTTI, SERGIO (SER=
GIO)
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Young,

thanks a lot for reply , please see in line just some further clarification

Regards
Sergio



From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35
To: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele =
Ceccarelli; diego@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luy=
uanf@gmail.com>
Cc: Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Sergio,

Thanks for your feedback on the framework document. Please see in-line for =
my comment.

Regards,
Young

From: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>; Daniele Ceccarelli; Leeyoung; dieg=
o@tid.es<mailto:diego@tid.es>; luyuanf@gmail.com<mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com>
Cc: BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)
Subject: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments

Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,

I read you Framework draft and I have some comments on that. Most are edito=
rial , other questions for clarifications.

General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is in the view of hierarc=
hical level of controllers or linked to the multi-domain aspect that compel=
 to provide to the customer a single virtualized network even if composed b=
y real multi-domain multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the "virtualizer =
function" provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be insi=
de directly the PNC , correct?

YOUNG>> Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. For a single domain context, =
the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we need to factor in other scenario=
s such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a sof=
tware function that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opin=
ion, even for a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this inte=
rface as a standard interface.

Section 2 , page 4:
abstraction does not imply automatically virtualization,while virtualizatio=
n implies to have surely a certain form of abstraction. I would suggest to =
consider good definition contained into ONF SDN architecture document chapt=
er 2.3 Conventions about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition =
can help all the reading.

YOUNG>> Agree. We will look into the mentioned document if the usage of ter=
ms are aligned with this document. If not, we will clarify the terminology =
more clearly.

Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects that are more related to p=
olicy like admission control  and guarantee of client isolation with real c=
omputational issue like Computing time , path constrains or re-optimization=
 process. Moreover the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit mislea=
ding since this term in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual =
Network Manager.

YOUNG>> Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some notes on the aspect of real-=
time related from non real time aspect. VNM is not to be mixed with Virtual=
 Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm which is known as Virtual Networ=
k Mapping which is a software module that converts client requests into act=
ual networks. Virtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a deve=
loped concept from VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefull=
y on this aspect what Virtual Network Manager is doing.

SB>>> If I understood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM i=
s strictly related to planning function so I this it is very import point i=
n the context of PNC , I would say

Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the different control interfac=
e presented in figure 5, I'm a bit confused as to what I/F E is - data plan=
e interface to provider physical network? Or is the intention to provide wh=
at can be the underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from ne=
twork provider controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor=
 clear to me the intention

YOUNG>> Interface E is not what ACTN will focus on. It simply shows  an und=
erlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provider co=
ntroller, and the mapping to real physical resources.

SB>>> So if I interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interfa=
ce to PNC , the figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .


Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of potential NW topology between =
a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in the drawn has to be bidirecti=
onal I guess

YOUNG>> Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.

Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: "PCA abstracts the physical network topology =
into an abstracted topology" Looking at the description of VNC components i=
n 6.2.2 it is the resource manager devoting to provide abstract topology. D=
oes not exist any PCA component.



YOUNG>> Sorry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as t=
he Resource Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!



Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is no phase 7, and there are 2=
 phase 8

YOUNG>> Thanks. Good catch!

Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC and PNC

YOUNG>> If you are referring to Section 7.3 where:

   Interfaces should also be scalable as a large amount of data needs

   to be transported across customers to virtual network controllers

   and across virtual network controllers and physical network

   controllers.



I think this implies both interfaces B and C although primarily between VNC=
-PNC.



SB>>> Sorry Young, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on=
 Interface interaction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interfac=
e between VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C


Thanks

Sergio


Thanks
Sergio

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DB7Edfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-=
1">
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Wingdings;
	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
p.MsoCommentText, li.MsoCommentText, div.MsoCommentText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text Char";
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:10.0pt;
	margin-left:0in;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:10.5pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
	{mso-style-priority:34;
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:0in;
	margin-left:.5in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
span.CommentTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Comment Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Comment Text";}
span.PlainTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Plain Text";
	font-family:"Courier New";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle26
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle27
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle28
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle29
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle30
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle31
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle32
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle33
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle34
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle35
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Igor,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">After all we are agree=
ing with the interfaces of ACTN interest are Interface B and C, right?
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">IB&gt;&gt=
; I am talking about the interface between transport domain server and&nbsp=
; transport domain client. I would argue that the very same interface can b=
e used between a multi-domain provider (e.g. Telefonika)
 and its clients. Not all such clients are dumb, as Daniele claims, and onl=
y care about &#8220;</span><span style=3D"color:red">a given amount of Gbps=
 from A to B&#8221;. It is easy to envision that some of the clients would =
want from Telefonica a couple of SRLG-disjoint
 abstract links, so that the clients can have a say in the placement of the=
ir &nbsp;services across the Telefonika network. Three points here:<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"c=
olor:red">a)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times N=
ew Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:red">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">The client will be able t=
o configure fully or partially the abstract topology he wants the network t=
o present to him;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"c=
olor:red">b)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times N=
ew Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:red">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">The said abstract topolog=
y could be as simple (e.g. a single abstract node) or as complex (e.g. N ab=
stract nodes interconnected by M abstract links) as the client wants it to =
be (subject to the provider&#8217;s approval)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"c=
olor:red">c)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times N=
ew Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:red">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">The abstract topology pre=
sented to the client is completely decoupled from the provider&#8217;s actu=
al topology.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red"><o:p>&nbs=
p;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">Therefore=
 the same interface/set of models can be used between any transport network=
 provider and its client. Furthermore, the interface can be used in the hie=
rarchical way, that is, a client of
 a transport domain can serve its own clients using the same interface as i=
t uses to talk to its own provider(s)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Here I would like to g=
ive you a little clearer picture on multi-domain issues.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:#1F497D">&nbsp; &nbsp;&#43;----------------&#43;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#43;----=
-----------&#43;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#43;--------------&#43;<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp; Customer 1&nbsp; &nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbs=
p; |&nbsp; &nbsp;Customer 2&nbsp; |&nbsp; ... | Customer M &nbsp;&nbsp;|<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp; &#43;----------------&#43;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#43;----=
-----------&#43;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#43;--------------&#43;<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /&nbsp;&nbsp;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interface B&nbsp;&n=
bsp; \&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#43=
;----------------------&#43;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | &nbsp;&=
nbsp;VNC Multi-domain&nbsp;&nbsp; | E2E abstract<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Coordination&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | topology creation<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#43;----=
------------------&#43;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interface C&nbsp;&=
nbsp; /&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \&nbsp; Networ=
k Topology<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \ (abstract)<o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp; &#43;------------------&#43;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#43;--=
----------------&#43;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#43;------------------&#43;<o:p></=
o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp; | Network Domain 1 |&nbsp;&nbsp; | Network Domai=
n 2 | .. | Network Domain N |<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp; &#43;------------------&#43;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#43;--=
----------------&#43;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#43;------------------&#43;<o:p></=
o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vendor X&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp; Vendor Y&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vendor Z<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">What is sitting above =
&#8220;VNC&#8221; (that coordinates over multi-domain controllers) can be a=
n internal service organization (of the same operator) or service providers=
 (different operators, forming carriers of carrier).
 The control entity of these entities is referred to as Customer Network co=
ntrol (CNC). The VNC &#8211;CNC interface (Interface B) has different requi=
rements than the VNC-PNC interface (Interface C). Topology abstraction is j=
ust one of the requirements and in multi-domain
 case, the VNC is performing multi-domain coordination function. VNC needs =
to have a standard interface that enable communications with different kind=
s of domain network control/management control (which is referred to as PNC=
, you call ANC). Each domain has
 its own ways of controlling its network, which ACTN is not touching those =
at all. Whatever the choices of vendor control regime will continue to be e=
mployed (GMPLS/ASON, PNNI, NMS, OpenFlow, etc.).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">For this multi-domain =
coordination function assumed by VNC should be operated on an abstract leve=
l. We don&#8217;t want to inject the same level of actual network topology =
(e.g., TED) as the domain controller operates
 its physical/actual networks. Is this agreeable? You said above this in c)=
 </span>
<span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">The abstract topology presented =
to the client is completely decoupled from the provider&#8217;s actual topo=
logy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Now the VNC (multi-dom=
ain coordinator) needs to coordinate signaling across multi-domain controll=
ers (in terms of the sequence of the end-to-end path across multiple domain=
s). This is a new element I believe
 ACTN will have to develop. This interface C (VNC-PNC) is very different fr=
om Interface B (CNC-VNC). There are other differences (please see Section 6=
.5 of the framework document).&nbsp; But I agree with you that from an abst=
ract topology standpoint, similar model
 works for Interfaces B and C as you said &nbsp;</span><span style=3D"color=
:red">b)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New R=
oman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:red">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">The said abstract topolog=
y could be as simple (e.g. a single abstract node) or as complex (e.g. N ab=
stract nodes interconnected by M abstract links) as the client wants it to =
be (subject to the provider&#8217;s approval).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red"><o:p>&nbs=
p;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Best regards,<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young</span><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bry=
skin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, October 13, 2014 9:17 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Daniele Ceccarelli; King, Daniel; Leey=
oung; actn@ietf.org; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Se=
rgio,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">A cou=
ple of comments in line.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO) [mailto:sergio=
.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, October 13, 2014 9:15 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Igor Bryskin; Daniele Ceccarelli; King, Daniel; Leeyoung; actn@i=
etf.org; diego@tid.es; luyuanf@gmail.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve); BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Igor,<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Please, se=
e in line <o:p>
</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-=
family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span lan=
g=3D"IT" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;san=
s-serif&quot;"> Igor Bryskin [<a href=3D"mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com">m=
ailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> venerd=EC 10 ottobre 2014 22:37<br>
<b>To:</b> Daniele Ceccarelli; King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SER=
GIO); <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a hre=
f=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Da=
niele,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Pleas=
e, see in line.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Daniele Ceccarelli [<a href=3D"mailto:d=
aniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com">mailto:daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 10, 2014 1:25 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Igor Bryskin; King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); =
<a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a hre=
f=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Igor,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">What do you mean by cl=
ient here? The one that is the document is called &#8220;service provider&#=
8221; or the one that is called &#8220;client&#8221; ? From what you send I=
 tend to think you are talking about the service provider, but
 I might be wrong, please correct me. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IB&gt=
;&gt; By client I mean the client of a transport domain, the one who speaks=
 Netconf/Restconf to the transport domain. The guy who speaks from the othe=
r end (i.e. on behalf of the transport service
 provider) &nbsp;is the transport domain&#8217;s Hypervisor.<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; It is c=
lear what you intend here, even if word client it seems to me more related =
to application than to a service provider.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">IB&gt;&gt=
; I am talking about the interface between transport domain server and&nbsp=
; transport domain client. I would argue that the very same interface can b=
e used between a multi-domain provider (e.g. Telefonika)
 and its clients. Not all such clients are dumb, as Daniele claims, and onl=
y care about &#8220;</span><span style=3D"color:red">a given amount of Gbps=
 from A to B&#8221;. It is easy to envision that some of the clients would =
want from Telefonica a couple of SRLG-disjoint
 abstract links, so that the clients can have a say in the placement of the=
ir &nbsp;services across the Telefonika network. Three points here:<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"c=
olor:red">a)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times N=
ew Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:red">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">The client will be able t=
o configure fully or partially the abstract topology he wants the network t=
o present to him;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"c=
olor:red">b)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times N=
ew Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:red">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">The said abstract topolog=
y could be as simple (e.g. a single abstract node) or as complex (e.g. N ab=
stract nodes interconnected by M abstract links) as the client wants it to =
be (subject to the provider&#8217;s approval)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"c=
olor:red">c)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times N=
ew Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:red">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">The abstract topology pre=
sented to the client is completely decoupled from the provider&#8217;s actu=
al topology.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red"><o:p>&nbs=
p;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">Therefore=
 the same interface/set of models can be used between any transport network=
 provider and its client. Furthermore, the interface can be used in the hie=
rarchical way, that is, a client of
 a transport domain can serve its own clients using the same interface as i=
t uses to talk to its own provider(s)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red"><o:p>&nbs=
p;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Moreover I would avoid=
 in this phase to mention any reference to protocol implementation (e.g. Ne=
tconf/Restconf) : I think we are in the phase to understand architecture, w=
hat are the relevant interfaces, and
 what information is exchanged over the reference points/interfaces.&nbsp;I=
 guess this is clearly stated also in the charter of BoF.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red">IB&gt;&gt=
; Agree. I used Netconf/Restconf as an example to make it clear what interf=
ace I was talking about.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:red"><o:p>&nbs=
p;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">&nbsp;At an appropriat=
e time &#8211; certainly not now &#8211; the next step is to check with oth=
er SDOs on the availability of relevant core/technology specific/applicatio=
n specific information model &#8220;fragments&#8221;, and then finally
 proceed on the path of pruning/refactoring and mapping to REST/JSON, Netco=
nf/YANG, and any other possible data modeling and configuration protocol ex=
isting. This is my understanding &nbsp;of the BoF scope .<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">I don&#8217;t think th=
e client of the multi-domain network wants to have a so detailed view of th=
e network, he does not care about domains, inter domain links or whatever, =
I would say he only cares about a given amount
 of Gbps from A to B with a given max delay and probably some diversity par=
ameters.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IB&gt=
;&gt; Again, by client I mean multi-domain network controller (e.g. Telefon=
ica SDN controller), not the client using services of the multi-domain netw=
ork (i.e. not the Telefonica clients). Such
 client uses&nbsp; the transport domains for a reason. &#8220;</span><span =
style=3D"color:#1F497D">a given amount of Gbps from A to B&#8221; is too lo=
ose and little for the client to do the network planning. IMO the client ne=
eds to *<b>plan</b>* the abstract topologies provided
 by the transport domains the same or similar way as he would plan his own =
actual topology.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; yes, su=
re, in you view of &#8220;client&#8221; , this is the service provider Dani=
ele is talking, so an abstract view of what is the real transport network i=
s considered at this level. As I said to Young, in my previous
 mail, in the case of a single domain scenario VNC and PNC could also coinc=
ide but in case of a multi-domain scenarios the scope is to provide to appl=
ication layer a single virtualized view of the underline multi domain netwo=
rk.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">On the other side, the=
 one that cares about all of the issues you listed is the service provider =
(as per actual document terminology). However also the service provider doe=
s not go into physical impairment details.
 He cares about connectivity between the borders of the domains, inter doma=
in links. How such connectivity is provisioned/managed is the network provi=
der business. The network provides might be using GMPLS, NMS and ONF contro=
ller with Open Flow or whatever
 to control the network. Maybe calling it PNC is confusing? The PNC can be =
any of the things I&#8217;ve listed and much more.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IB&gt=
;&gt; In this case my client is your service provider ;=3D). You architectu=
rally separate client from the service provider, because you probably belie=
ve that it is possible to standardize the interface
 between the two. I disagree with that and don&#8217;t think ACTN should wo=
rk on this. In the context of ACTN I see only two constructs: Transport dom=
ain controller (transport service provider) and &nbsp;Transport client cont=
roller (transport service user).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; ACTN he=
re is not reinventing the wheel , in other SDO SDN specific is considered &=
nbsp;the application layer , and the interface between AL and SDN controlle=
r (in this case the VNC of ACTN) . This interface
 permit to any client to directly impact to his own services and his own &#=
8220;virtualized&#8221; resources .<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hence the interfaces t=
o be considered are two, not three (as Dan said) I think this replies to qu=
estions 1 and 3. Just to add something regarding 2, I would say that they n=
eed just a single entry point to the
 network control (could be a small piece of code running on top of the PCE =
of your GMPLS domain), which acts as an interface between the VNC and the c=
ontrol plane of your network and performs: &#8220;</span><span lang=3D"EN-G=
B" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Mapping of physical
 and virtual resources&#8221; and &nbsp;&#8220;Requests: path, provision, m=
odify and restore&#8221;.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color=
:#1F497D">IB&gt;&gt; As I said, this is the task of the transport domain Hy=
pervisor, whose role is, essentially, to translate back and forth abstract
</span><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings=
;color:#1F497D">=F3</span><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;co=
lor:#1F497D"> actual topology elements and service requests/responses conta=
ining the abstract/actual topology paths.
 I think that the north/south interface between the transport domain Hyperv=
isor and the entity representing the client of the transport domain (no mat=
ter how you call it) is the only interface ACTN can work on with the hope t=
o produce something useful.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Cheers<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Daniele=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in =
4.0pt">
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bry=
skin [<a href=3D"mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com">mailto:IBryskin@advaoptic=
al.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> venerd=EC 10 ottobre 2014 03:16<br>
<b>To:</b> King, Daniel; Leeyoung; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mai=
lto:actn@ietf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">dieg=
o@tid.es</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Young=
 and Dan,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">It do=
es not matter how you call me, and as John is helpfully applying, you can i=
gnore what I am saying. But let me explain in some more details what I mean=
t.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Suppo=
se we have a client (such as TFK) of a multi-domain transport network, who =
wants to provision and manipulate e2e transport services the way he wants i=
t (i.e. applying his policies). What
 would such client need?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">1.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">An access to a unifie=
d network TE topology that could be understood and used by the client&#8217=
;s path computer to select service e2e paths. How does the client get such =
a topology? The necessary overlay topology
 comprises abstract topologies presented for the client by each of the tran=
sport domains &#43; inter-domain TE links. Hence we are talking about inter=
face #1 (and data model #1) between a provider hypervisor/VNC and the clien=
t controller to expose in a unified
 abstract &nbsp;way &nbsp;its topology on per client/tenant basis. Furtherm=
ore, the client controller can use this interface in the opposite direction=
 to modify the said abstract topology (subject to the provider&#8217;s &nbs=
p;approval), because the client is the only guy who knows
 how the abstract topology exposed to him should look like to be useful (e.=
g. which and how the abstract links should be disjoint from each other, how=
 many of them should be provided, their attributes, desired recovery capabi=
lities, etc,). This knowledge is
 supposed to come from the client&#8217;s network planning.<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">2.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">A way to provision/mo=
dify/delete e2e services with the use of so computed e2e paths. The client&=
#8217;s controller does that by chopping the paths into per-domain segments=
 and instructs respective domain VNCs/Hypervisors
 to set up/manipulate service respective connection segments. Hence we are =
talking about interface #2 (data model #2) for the service segment manipula=
tion;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">3.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">A way to monitor, tro=
ubleshoot, carry out maintenance of the active e2e services. This would req=
uire interface #3 (data model #3) between the client&#8217;s controller and=
 domains VNCs/Hypervisors for this purpose.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">So, w=
e are talking 3 Yang models with required modifications to neither Netconf/=
Restconf, nor &nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp=
;To any other management, routing or signaling protocol.<o:p></o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Now I=
 have a couple of questions to you:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">1.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">In this example, what=
 else (in addition to these three models) the client such as TFK in your op=
inion would need?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">2.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">What else the network=
 providers and their vendors such as ADVA or CIEN would need?<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">3.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">What is the importanc=
e of a construct such as PNC?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D=
"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">My an=
swer to 3. &#8220;Is not important at all, irrelevant&#8221; for the follow=
ing reasons:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">a)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">What happens beyond t=
he VNC/Hypervisor in the provider network is completely proprietary.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">b)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">There could be numero=
us ways as to how the provider network is managed. Examples: centralized PN=
C (as you call it), ADVA style GMPLS based network intelligence, CIEN style=
 PNNI based control plane, etc. Why
 is that of ACTN&#8217;s business?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> King, Daniel [<a href=3D"mailto:d.king@=
lancaster.ac.uk">mailto:d.king@lancaster.ac.uk</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 4:58 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mai=
lto:actn@ietf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">dieg=
o@tid.es</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi All,=
 including &#8220;Ignor&#8221; ;-)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Typical=
 dichotomy between what operators want and what vendors are actually willin=
g to provide, group consensus will eventually help resolve that. Either way=
, the latest version of the Framework
 I-D is trying to focus ACTN discussion and scope (i.e., the protocol work)=
 on the interfaces which are in scope, namely:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">1. The =
CNC-VNC Interface (CVI)
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Creat=
e, modify and delete virtual network service instances
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Resou=
rce model<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">2. The =
VNC-PNC Interface (VPI)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Mappi=
ng of physical and virtual resources<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">- Reque=
sts: path, provision, modify and restore<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">As Youn=
g suggests, if the VNC received physical topology info it would be performi=
ng the role of the Physical Network Controller (PNC), which is obviously a =
(somehow) required function, but the interface
 (direct provisioning of the actual physical network) is out of scope for A=
CTN.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&n=
bsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Br, Dan=
. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><a name=3D"_MailEndCompose"></a><span lang=3D"EN-GB"=
 style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [<a href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ie=
tf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Leeyoung<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 09 October 2014 21:32<br>
<b>To:</b> Igor Bryskin; BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mailto:actn@i=
etf.org">
actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli; <a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">dieg=
o@tid.es</a>;
<a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf@gmail.com">luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Ignor,<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thank you for providin=
g your comment that pauses us to think more and understand on the same leve=
l. I think your comment will contribute to crystallize the scope of work he=
re.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">First of all, I think =
there was a misunderstanding here. First, your assumption on VNC receiving =
actual underlying topology is incorrect. If VNC were to have actually topol=
ogy (e.g. TED) of a network, this would
 be called a PNC and this is out of scope of ACTN. This aspect has been dis=
cussed by email threads Daniele started a few weeks ago. Check the archive =
on that. The reason this is out of scope is that PNC multi-domain issue is =
no different from today&#8217;s GMPLS/PCE
 issue, especially in light of H-PCE. ACTN does not step on those areas. Wh=
at VNC receives from each PNC (domain controller) is an abstracted topology=
 with varying degrees from actual underlying topology. The reason why we di=
stinguish the term VNC from PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">What can be defined on=
 VNC-PNC is a vertical signaling coordination from VNC to each PNC. As long=
 as the detailed path computation and signaling within a domain are complet=
ely up to the domain PNC. VNC is not
 to be operated on the same level as PNC. Its end-to-end path computation i=
s based on what is exposed from PNCs to VNC. The actual topology informatio=
n details is kept by PNCs and the PNCs expose abstracted topology that can =
hide the exact details while exposing
 a minimum level of constraints. For instance, the SRLG of virtual links (w=
hich may be concatenated actual links) can be exposed for diversity routing=
 calculation at the VNC. This is very different from exposing the actual TE=
 topology. You can view this as
 two level of path computation. VNC first computes an end-to-end path (usin=
g whatever constraint information it has), then coordinates with each PNC (=
telling the border nodes information), then each PNC computes the domain sp=
ecific path. When a PNC cannot provide
 a path segment in its domain, then this needs to be signaled to VNC so tha=
t the VNC would arrange an alternate path segment to be able to find a feas=
ible end-to-end path. &nbsp;I would say this is a &#8220;two-phase&#8221; s=
ignaling and path computation. The point is that
 there must be some level of hiding on abstract topology exposure from PNC =
to VNC and proprietary characteristics of optical devices need to be dealt =
only with the corresponding PNC.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regarding the term PNC=
 vs. ANC, I wouldn&#8217;t concern too much about the terminology whichever=
 works better. Thank you for your suggestion.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Lastly, please check t=
he use-cases written by operators in the below links that consistently say =
they need a standard interface that can coordinate their multi-domain issue=
s.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/">https://datatracker=
.ietf.org/doc/draft-fang-actn-multidomain-dci/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-domains/">h=
ttps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-klee-actn-connectivity-multi-vendor-d=
omains/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-kumaki-actn-multitenant-vno/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><a href=3D"https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/">https://datatrack=
er.ietf.org/doc/draft-shin-actn-mvno-multi-domain/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bry=
skin [<a href=3D"mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com">mailto:IBryskin@advaoptic=
al.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 1:48 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.=
org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Yo=
ung,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">I bel=
ieve having the same instance of VNC talking to different vendor domain PNC=
s is an extremely &nbsp;idealistic view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">=3D=
=3D</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F49=
7D">=E8</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"> BTW I find PN=
C is a bad term, I like much better Actual Network
 Controller&nbsp; (ANC). VNC (a.k.a. a Hypervisor) is managing abstract top=
ologies, and to be able do that, it talks to a ANC- a controller which has =
an access and manages actual provider network).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">One r=
eason for this is that VNC needs to understand underlying actual topology, =
for example, to ensure that two abstract TE links are SRLG disjoint as requ=
ested. Actual topology semantics (especially
 in WDM layer) is very different from vendor to vendor and contains a great=
 variety of proprietary extensions, failing to understand which leads to pr=
oducing unprovisionable service paths. Do you really believe that a single =
VNC can talk in the same way to
 ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei ANCs? This is equivalent to ask all optical pro=
viders to switch to WSON :=3D).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">This =
is not to say that you cannot build a hierarchy of VNCs, but in this case N=
orth VNC plays role of a client network controller wrt to South VNC, that i=
s, uses the same X interface.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
whenever a VNC has to talk to a ANC, it does so in a proprietary way, i.e. =
ADVA, INFN, ALU and Huawei will have their own VNCs exposing the same north=
 bound interface to potentially the
 same client (e.g.TFK).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">IHMO =
interface X is the only interface that the ACTN can work on.<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor =
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [<a href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ie=
tf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 09, 2014 5:59 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Da=
niele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<=
o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Young,<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">thanks a lot for reply=
 , please see in line just some further clarification<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> mercoled=EC 8 ottobre 2014 17:35<br>
<b>To:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@=
ietf.org</a>; Daniele Ceccarelli;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Sergio,<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your feedba=
ck on the framework document. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> BELOTTI,=
 SERGIO (SERGIO) [<a href=3D"mailto:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com">mail=
to:sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 08, 2014 7:34 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a>; Daniele Cecc=
arelli; Leeyoung;
<a href=3D"mailto:diego@tid.es">diego@tid.es</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:luyuanf=
@gmail.com">
luyuanf@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO); Varma, Eve L (Eve)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi Daniele , Young and all authors,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I read you Framework draft and I have some comments =
on that. Most are editorial , other questions for clarifications.<o:p></o:p=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">General question: in the draft the concept of VNC is=
 in the view of hierarchical level of controllers or linked to the multi-do=
main aspect that compel to provide to the customer a single virtualized net=
work even if composed by real multi-domain
 multi-technology subnetworks? I mean, the &#8220;virtualizer function&#822=
1; provided by VNC, in case of a single domain context could be inside dire=
ctly the PNC , correct?
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes. That is the correct view of VNC. =
For a single domain context, the VNC can be integrated with PNC. But we nee=
d to factor in other scenarios such as 1) VNC vendor may be different from =
PNC vendor or 2) VNC is a software function
 that operator may want to operate as its control. In my opinion, even for =
a single domain, I think there is benefit to define this interface as a sta=
ndard interface.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 2 , page 4: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">abstraction does not imply automatically virtualizat=
ion,while virtualization implies to have surely a certain form of abstracti=
on. I would suggest to consider good definition contained into ONF SDN arch=
itecture document chapter 2.3 Conventions
 about abstraction and virtualization. A good definition can help all the r=
eading.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. We will look into the mentioned=
 document if the usage of terms are aligned with this document. If not, we =
will clarify the terminology more clearly.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 5: It seems to me you mixed here aspects tha=
t are more related to policy like admission control &nbsp;and guarantee of =
client isolation with real computational issue like Computing time , path c=
onstrains or re-optimization process. Moreover
 the term VNM for Virtual network mapping is a bit misleading since this te=
rm in already used e.g. in ABNO architecture for Virtual Network Manager.<o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Indeed. In Section 5, we will put some=
 notes on the aspect of real-time related from non real time aspect. VNM is=
 not to be mixed with Virtual Network Manager. Here VNM is an algorithm whi=
ch is known as Virtual Network Mapping which
 is a software module that converts client requests into actual networks. V=
irtual Network Manager is ABNO in my understanding is a developed concept f=
rom VNTM. But Dan King and I will look at this more carefully on this aspec=
t what Virtual Network Manager is
 doing. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; If I un=
derstood form Adrian and Daniel ABNO draft the concept, VNTM is strictly re=
lated to planning function so I this it is very import point in the context=
 of PNC , I would say<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Section 6.1 : while it is clear the scope of the dif=
ferent control interface presented in figure 5, I&#8217;m a bit confused as=
 to what I/F E is &#8211; data plane interface to provider physical network=
? Or is the intention to provide what can be the
 underlying model of resources allocated to a customer from network provide=
r controller, and the mapping to real physical resources ? Nor clear to me =
the intention<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Interface E is not what ACTN will focu=
s on. It simply shows &nbsp;an underlying model of resources allocated to a=
 customer from network provider controller, and the mapping to real physica=
l resources.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; So if I=
 interpreted correctly your answer is more an internal interface to PNC , t=
he figure is misleading since it seems like a DP interface .<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Section 6.1, always figure 5: If a report of po=
tential NW topology between a VNC and a CNC can be queried , the arrow in t=
he drawn has to be bidirectional I guess<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Yes, You are right. It will be fixed.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Figure 8 Section 6.4,page 28: &#8220;PCA abstract=
s the physical network topology into an abstracted topology&#8221; Looking =
at the description of VNC components in 6.2.2 it is the resource manager de=
voting to provide abstract topology. Does not
 exist any PCA component.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; So=
rry for inconsistency. The intention was the PCA is the same as the Resourc=
e Manager in VNC. Will make the term consistent. Good catch!
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Figure 8 SEction 6.4, : In the picture there is=
 no phase 7, and there are 2 phase 8<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt">YOUNG&gt;&gt; =
Thanks. Good catch!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoCommentText">Page 30 : It is Interface C not B , between VNC=
 and PNC<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">YOUNG&gt;&gt; If you are referring to Section 7.3=
 where: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interfaces should also be scala=
ble as a large amount of data needs<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; to be transported across customers t=
o virtual network controllers<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; and across virtual network controlle=
rs and physical network<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">&nbsp;&nbsp; controllers.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">I think this implies both interfaces B and C alth=
ough primarily between VNC-PNC.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">SB&gt;&gt;&gt; Sorry Y=
oung, iit is not referred to 7.3 , but in the chapter 6,5 , on Interface in=
teraction, after point 6, is indicated Interface B as interface between
 VNC and PNC, figure 5 says it is I/F C<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Sergio<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"color:#1F497D">Sergio<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DB7Edfweml706chm_--


From nobody Mon Oct 13 17:01:14 2014
Return-Path: <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1C4F31A1A57 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 17:01:12 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.686
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.686 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id 9syOFsH13Q58 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 17:01:06 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from mail3.advaoptical.com (mail3.advaoptical.com [74.202.24.82]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 1A2481A1A4B for <actn@ietf.org>; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 17:01:06 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com [172.16.5.39]) by atl-vs-fsmail.advaoptical.com (8.14.5/8.14.5) with ESMTP id s9E00vRj026920 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=FAIL); Mon, 13 Oct 2014 20:00:57 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) by atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.39) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.181.6; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 20:00:56 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) by ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1044.5; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 20:00:56 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1]) by ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1%14]) with mapi id 15.00.1044.003; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 20:00:56 -0400
From: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
To: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "King, Daniel" <d.king@lancaster.ac.uk>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAAEL75AAAFbsYAACSWiYAAaCV2gAAzP9CAAiCNVYAACSweQAA4f0GAABoqa9A==
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 00:00:55 +0000
Message-ID: <f64d48f2af6b497091c1b3e74caa94a9@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36@dfweml706-chm> <65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248@EX-0-MB2.lancs.local> <58713f40bbb24e379d6dc56ea85af0af@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3AE@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se> <4003c11315234da8944051d37e30c796@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546A08@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <d5d45bdf6c444d1e8bf68c6edfeebc7b@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>, <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DB7E@dfweml706-chm>
In-Reply-To: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DB7E@dfweml706-chm>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-ms-exchange-transport-fromentityheader: Hosted
x-originating-ip: [172.16.5.49]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="gb2312"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=fsecure engine=2.50.10432:5.12.52, 1.0.28,  0.0.0000 definitions=2014-10-14_01:2014-10-13,2014-10-13,1970-01-01 signatures=0
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/xXuJ-fGnjsZNlvOGoEJOHKrGBk0
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 00:01:12 -0000
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From nobody Tue Oct 14 02:38:47 2014
Return-Path: <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F3C6B1A7002 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 02:38:45 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.686
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.686 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id bwHH2GE7P5T5 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 02:38:40 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from smtp-fr.alcatel-lucent.com (fr-hpida-esg-02.alcatel-lucent.com [135.245.210.21]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id CDCEC1A7000 for <actn@ietf.org>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 02:38:39 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from fr712usmtp2.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com (unknown [135.239.2.42]) by Websense Email Security Gateway with ESMTPS id 3809CA4EF2E3E; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 09:38:35 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from FR712WXCHHUB03.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com (fr712wxchhub03.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com [135.239.2.74]) by fr712usmtp2.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com (GMO) with ESMTP id s9E9cGqT011002 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=FAIL); Tue, 14 Oct 2014 11:38:35 +0200
Received: from FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com ([169.254.1.228]) by FR712WXCHHUB03.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com ([135.239.2.74]) with mapi id 14.03.0195.001; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 11:38:29 +0200
From: "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>
To: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>, Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "King, Daniel" <d.king@lancaster.ac.uk>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAAEL75AAAFbsYAACSWiYAAaCV2gAAzP9CAAiCNVYAACSweQAA4f0GAABoqa9AAUUWIA
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 09:38:28 +0000
Message-ID: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546D72@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36@dfweml706-chm> <65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248@EX-0-MB2.lancs.local> <58713f40bbb24e379d6dc56ea85af0af@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3AE@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se> <4003c11315234da8944051d37e30c796@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546A08@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <d5d45bdf6c444d1e8bf68c6edfeebc7b@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>, <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DB7E@dfweml706-chm> <f64d48f2af6b497091c1b3e74caa94a9@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
In-Reply-To: <f64d48f2af6b497091c1b3e74caa94a9@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
Accept-Language: it-IT, en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [135.239.27.38]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
MIME-Version: 1.0
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/luOZbb5IGri8DJaLRjhZHFOBQgc
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 09:38:46 -0000
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From nobody Tue Oct 14 03:27:38 2014
Return-Path: <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2DEE11A7023 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 03:27:36 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -4.201
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.201 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id 1BeBQszFlAix for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 03:27:31 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from sesbmg22.ericsson.net (sesbmg22.ericsson.net [193.180.251.48]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 5D5C61A7008 for <actn@ietf.org>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 03:27:30 -0700 (PDT)
X-AuditID: c1b4fb30-f79e66d000000ff1-c0-543cfa90ba4d
Received: from ESESSHC012.ericsson.se (Unknown_Domain [153.88.253.124]) by sesbmg22.ericsson.net (Symantec Mail Security) with SMTP id 05.D0.04081.09AFC345; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 12:27:28 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from ESESSMB301.ericsson.se ([169.254.1.79]) by ESESSHC012.ericsson.se ([153.88.183.54]) with mapi id 14.03.0174.001; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 12:27:27 +0200
From: Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>
To: "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, "Igor Bryskin" <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>, Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "King, Daniel" <d.king@lancaster.ac.uk>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAAEL75AAAFbsYAACSWiYAAaCV2gAAzP9CAAiCNVYAACSweQAA4f0GAABoqa9AAUUWIAAAD4nwA=
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 10:27:27 +0000
Message-ID: <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279E6E8@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36@dfweml706-chm> <65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248@EX-0-MB2.lancs.local> <58713f40bbb24e379d6dc56ea85af0af@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3AE@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se> <4003c11315234da8944051d37e30c796@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546A08@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <d5d45bdf6c444d1e8bf68c6edfeebc7b@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>, <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DB7E@dfweml706-chm> <f64d48f2af6b497091c1b3e74caa94a9@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546D72@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com>
In-Reply-To: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546D72@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com>
Accept-Language: it-IT, en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [153.88.183.17]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Brightmail-Tracker: H4sIAAAAAAAAA+NgFlrIIsWRmVeSWpSXmKPExsUyM+Jvje6EXzYhBj9eyVps6bnAZvFiXbDF ykl32S2WNj1htDjV085oMW2eq8Xq3eeZLJZt/s3uwOFxdsEfVo/WZ3tZPXbOusvu0XLkLavH kiU/mTxOHUj3ePJ3C3MAexSXTUpqTmZZapG+XQJXxrPVL5gL9v1mqui8voqtgfHBR6YuRk4O CQETiS+bLrJC2GISF+6tZ+ti5OIQEjjKKLH59y+whJDAYkaJaZtruxg5ONgErCSeHPIBqRER WMokcWbvUxaQOLOAucSd48kg5cICNhIbtq5kB7FFBGwlZt19yARR38UoMeP2LxaQBIuAqkTb uwuMIDavgK/E/E0gDSCLr7NLfPywAaybUyBW4sSls2CXMgrISkzYvQisgVlAXOLWk/lQHwhI LNlznhnCFpV4+fgfK8hBEgKKEsv75SBu05RYv0sfolNRYkr3Q3aItYISJ2c+YZnAKDYLydBZ CB2zkHTMQtKxgJFlFaNocWpxUm66kZFealFmcnFxfp5eXmrJJkZgnB7c8ttgB+PL546HGAU4 GJV4eBc024QIsSaWFVfmHmKU5mBREuddeG5esJBAemJJanZqakFqUXxRaU5q8SFGJg5OqQZG 5+nbNwbUc/yfOOPebBPLmebr9G2a333rj2rfZjznKWeG8/5P7YnCAg+WL/olq3dS3+TWh8PH 2o1VngjvtTg86fWyrnMM99blhZTKfuc9Z3Fpt9N2y+2tyUkZNhnZ9YXrVX60n88O4H0l1Su9 wHXWq18aprUTdUvO/LHhFN7L92vl1sP2jG3uSizFGYmGWsxFxYkAD/6n+rQCAAA=
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/onaxFw8OTLWCjC-UxkujoNUaJl4
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 10:27:36 -0000

SGkgSWdvciwNCg0KSSBkb24ndCB0aGluayB0aGF0IEIgYW5kIEMgYXJlIGdvaW5nIHRvIGJlIHRo
ZSBzYW1lIGludGVyZmFjZSBlaXRoZXIuIA0KSnVzdCBsb3VkIHRoaW5raW5nLCBzb21lIGV4YW1w
bGUgdGhhdCBjb21lIHRvIG15IG1pbmQgYXJlIGFzIGZvbGxvd3M6DQoNCjEuIE11bHRpIGRvbWFp
bjogU3VwcG9zZSBUZWxlZm9uaWNhIGhhcyBpdHMgb3duIFZOQyAodGhlIHByZXZpb3VzIG1pc3Vu
ZGVyc3RhbmRpbmcgd2FzIGR1ZSB0byB0aGUgZmFjdCB0aGF0IHlvdSBjYWxsIFRlbGVmb25pY2Eg
YXMgdGhlIGNsaWVudCwgd2hpbGUgZm9yIHRoZSB0ZXJtaW5vbG9neSB1c2VkIGluIHRoZSBkcmFm
dCBUZWxlZm9uaWNhIGlzIHRoZSBzZXJ2aWNlIHByb3ZpZGVyIGFuZCB0aGUgY2xpZW50IGlzIGUu
Zy4gdGhlIGJhbmsgYXNraW5nIFRlbGVmb25pY2EgZm9yIGEgVlBOIGJldHdlZW4gMyBwb2ludHMp
IHdoaWNoIHJ1bnMgb24gdG9wIG9mIDIgZG9tYWlucyB3aXRoIFBOQ3MgZnJvbSBkaWZmZXJlbnQg
dmVuZG9ycy4gVGhlIFZOQyBpcyBhd2FyZSBvZiB0aGUgZmFjdCB0aGF0IHRoZXJlIGFyZSAzIGRv
bWFpbnMgYmVsb3cgKGhlbmNlIEMgbXVzdCBiZSBkb21haW4gYXdhcmUpIHdoaWxlIHRoZXJlIGlz
IG5vIG5lZWQgZm9yIHRoZSBiYW5rIHRvIGtub3cgdGhhdCBkaWZmZXJlbnQgZG9tYWlucyBhcmUg
dXNlZCB0byBjb25uZWN0IGhpcyAzIHBvaW50cw0KDQoyLiBDbG91ZCArIFRyYW5zcG9ydDogQW4g
aW50ZXJlc3RpbmcgdXNlIGNhc2UgaW4gbXkgb3BpbmlvbiBpcyB0aGUgcHJvdmlzaW9uaW5nIG9m
IGNvbm5lY3Rpdml0eSBiZXR3ZWVuIGRhdGEgY2VudGVyIFggYW5kIFkuIFRoZXJlIHdvdWxkIGJl
IGEgQ05DIChsZXQncyBjYWxsIGl0IGUuZy4gY2xvdWQgbmV0d29yayBjb250cm9sbGVyIGFzIGl0
IHdvdWxkIHByb2JhYmx5IGJlIHNvbWV0aGluZyBkaWZmZXJlbnQgZnJvbSBhIFBOQykgZm9yIGRh
dGEgY2VudGVyIFgsIG9uZSBmb3IgZGF0YSBjZW50ZXIgWSBhbmQgb25lIG9yIG1vcmUgUE5DIGlu
IHRoZSBtaWRkbGUuIFRoZSBWTkMgd291bGQgYmUgYW4gZW5hYmxlIGZvciBwcm92aWRpbmcgY29u
bmVjdGl2aXR5IGJldHdlZW4gZGF0YSBjZW50ZXJzIG92ZXIgYSB0cmFuc3BvcnQgbmV0d29yay4g
QWxzbyBpbiB0aGlzIGNhc2UgSSB0aGluayB0aGF0IGludGVyZmFjZXMgQiBhbmQgQyB3b3VsZCBi
ZSBkaWZmZXJlbnQuDQoNCjMuIE9wdGljYWwgbXVsdGkgZG9tYWluOiBpdCBtaWdodCBiZSBwb3Nz
aWJsZSB0aGF0IFRlbGVmb25pY2Egd2FudHMgdG8gaGF2ZSBhIHNldCBvZiBpbXBhaXJtZW50cyBm
b3IgY29tcHV0aW5nIGVuZCB0byBlbmQgb3B0aWNhbCBwYXRocyAoaS5lLiBvcHRpY2FsIGltcGFp
cm1lbnQgbm90IGxpbWl0ZWQgdG8gdGhlIFBOQyBkb21haW4pLiBJbiB0aGF0IGNhc2UgeW91IHdv
dWxkIGhhdmUgdGhlbSB0aHJvdWdoIGludGVyZmFjZSBDIGJ1dCBub3QgQi4NCg0KTWF5YmUgd2Ug
bWlnaHQgY29tZSB0byB0aGUgY29uY2x1c2lvbiB0aGF0IG9uZSBpbnRlcmZhY2UgaXMgYSBzdWJz
ZXQgb2YgdGhlIG90aGVyIG9yIG1heWJlIHRoZXJlIGFyZSByZXF1aXJlbWVudHMgdGhhdCBsZWFk
IHRvIGRlZmluaW5nIHRoZW0gYXMgc2VwYXJhdGUgaW50ZXJmYWNlcyB3aXRoIGp1c3QgYSBsaXR0
bGUgYml0IG9mIG92ZXJsYXAsIGJ1dCBJIHRoaW5rIGl0IGlzIHdvcnRoIGtlZXBpbmcgdGhlbSBz
ZXBhcmF0ZS4NCkkgd291bGQgbGlrZSB0byBrbm93IGEgYml0IG1vcmUgYWJvdXQgcmVxdWlyZW1l
bnRzIG9uIGludGVyZmFjZSBCIGFzIGl0IGNvdWxkIGJlIGFuIGludGVyZmFjZSB0b3dhcmRzIHRo
ZSBjbGllbnQgY29udHJvbGxlciAod2hlcmUgY2xpZW50ID09IHRoZSBiYW5rKSBvciBkaXJlY3Rs
eSBhbiBhcHBsaWNhdGlvbiAod2hpY2ggSSBndWVzcyBoYXMgZGlmZmVyZW50IHJlcXVpcmVtZW50
cyB0aGFuIHRoZSBvbmVzIHRvIGJlIHB1dCBvbiBpbnRmIEMpLg0KDQpCUg0KRGFuaWVsZQ0KDQoN
Cg0KPiAtLS0tLU9yaWdpbmFsIE1lc3NhZ2UtLS0tLQ0KPiBGcm9tOiBCRUxPVFRJLCBTRVJHSU8g
KFNFUkdJTykgW21haWx0bzpzZXJnaW8uYmVsb3R0aUBhbGNhdGVsLWx1Y2VudC5jb21dDQo+IFNl
bnQ6IG1hcnRlZMOsIDE0IG90dG9icmUgMjAxNCAxMTozOA0KPiBUbzogSWdvciBCcnlza2luOyBM
ZWV5b3VuZzsgRGFuaWVsZSBDZWNjYXJlbGxpOyBLaW5nLCBEYW5pZWw7IGFjdG5AaWV0Zi5vcmc7
DQo+IGRpZWdvQHRpZC5lczsgbHV5dWFuZkBnbWFpbC5jb20NCj4gQ2M6IFZhcm1hLCBFdmUgTCAo
RXZlKQ0KPiBTdWJqZWN0OiBSRTogZHJhZnQtY2VjY2FyZWxsaS1hY3RuLWZyYW1ld29yay0wMy50
eHQgY29tbWVudHMNCj4gDQo+IEhpIElnb3IsDQo+IA0KPiAiIElC44CLTm8uIEkgYW0gc2F5aW5n
IHRoYXQgaW50ZXJmYWNlIEIgYW5kIEMgYXJlIGV4YWN0bHkgdGhlIHNhbWUgaW50ZXJmYWNlcy4N
Cj4gRm9yIGV4YW1wbGUsIG9uIHRoZSBwaWN0dXJlIE5ldHdvcmsgZG9tYWluIDEgaW4gb3JkZXIg
dG8gcHJvdmlkZSB0aGUNCj4gYWJzdHJhY3QgdG9wb2xvZ3kgdG8gdGhlIG11bHRpLXZlbmRvciBW
TkMsIG1heSB1c2UgZnVsbHkgb3IgcGFydGlhbGx5IGFic3RyYWN0DQo+IHRvcG9sb2dpZXMgcHJv
dmlkZWQgYnkgb25lIG9yIG1vcmUgbG93ZXIgdGllciB0cmFuc3BvcnQgZG9tYWlucy4NCj4gTGlr
ZXdpc2UsIEN1c3RvbWVyIDEgb24gdGhlIHBpY3R1cmUgbWF5IHVzZSBhbiBhYnN0cmFjdCB0b3Bv
bG9neSBwcm92aWRlZA0KPiBieSBNdWx0aS1kb21haW4gbmV0d29yayAodGhlIFZOQyBvbiB0aGUg
cGljdHVyZSBpcyBwYXJ0IG9mKS4NCj4gSW4gb3RoZXIgd29yZHMsIHRoZSBzYW1lIGludGVyZmFj
ZSBDIGFuZCB0aGUgc2FtZSBzZXQgb2YgbW9kZWxzLCBjb3VsZCBiZQ0KPiB1c2VkICBoaWVyYXJj
aGljYWxseS4NCj4gDQo+IElnb3IiDQo+IA0KPiBJIHRlbmQgdG8gZGlzYWdyZWUgaGVyZS4gV2hh
dCB0aGF0IGNhbiBiZSBkaXNjdXNzZWQgaW4gbXkgdmlldyBpdCBpcyB0aGUgbmVlZA0KPiBvciBu
b3Qgb2YgaW50ZXJmYWNlIEMuIFdoYXQgVk5DIGlzIGdvaW5nIHRvIHByb3ZpZGUgaXMgYSBkb3Vi
bGUgZnVuY3Rpb24gb2YNCj4gdmlydHVhbGl6ZXIgb2YgdGhlIG5ldHdvcmsgdG93YXJkcyBjbGll
bnQgYXBwbGljYXRpb24gbGV2ZWwgYW5kIG9yY2hlc3RyYXRpb24sDQo+IGR1ZSB0byB0aGUgbmVl
ZCB0byBzcGFuIG11bHRpcGxlICh2aXJ0dWFsKU5FcyBvciBtdWx0aXBsZSBuZXR3b3JrIGRvbWFp
biAuIElmDQo+IHdlIGltbW1hZ2luZSB0byBlbmNvbXBhc3MgdGhlc2UgZnVuY3Rpb25hbGx5IGlu
dG8gb25seSBvbmUgU0ROIGNvbnRyb2xsZXINCj4gLCBtYW5hZ2luZyBhbGwgdmlydHVhbCBuZXR3
b3JrIHlvdSB3b3VsZCBub3QgdXNlIGFub3RoZXIgaW50ZXJmYWNlIGJldHdlZW4NCj4gVk5DIGFu
ZCBQTkMuDQo+IEJ1dCBoZXJlIFlvdW5nIHB1dCBjb3JyZWN0bHkgc29tZSBwcm9ibGVtcyBhbmQg
aXQgaXMgdGhlIGNvcnJlY3QgdGltZSBJIHRoaW5rDQo+IHRvIGNvbnNpZGVyIGFsbCB0aGUgYXNw
ZWN0cy4NCj4gQnV0IHRvd2FyZHMgY2xpZW50IGFwcGxpY2F0aW9uIHRoZXJlIGlzIGFub3RoZXIg
bGV2ZWwgb2YgYWJzdHJhY3Rpb24sIGEgcmVhbA0KPiB2aXJ0dWFsaXphdGlvbiAodG8gY2xpZW50
KSBvZiByZXNvdXJjZXMgd2l0aCBkaWZmZXJlbnQgZ3JhbnVsYXJpdHkgYW5kDQo+IGNoYXJhY3Rl
cmlzdGljcyBvZiB0aGUgc2V0IG9mIGluZm9ybWF0aW9uIG5lZWRlZCB0byB0aGUgbG93ZXIgbGV2
ZWwgb2YNCj4gY29udHJvbGxlciwgYXMgd2VsbCBleHBsYWluZWQgYnkgWW91bmcuDQo+IEl0IGNh
biBkZWJhdGUgaWYgYW5vdGhlciBzZXBhcmF0ZSBlbnRpdHkgYXMgVk5DIGNhbiBiZSAsIGluIHRo
aXMgYXJjaGl0ZWN0dXJlLA0KPiB0aGUgZ29vZCBjaG9pY2UsIGJ1dCBJIGRvIG5vdCBoYXZlIHBy
ZWNsdXNpb24gb24gdGhhdC4NCj4gSSBpbnN0ZWFkIHNoYXJlIHlvdXIgc2VudGVuY2UgYWJvdXQg
aGllcmFyY2hpY2FsIGxldmVsIG9mIGNvbnRyb2xsZXIuDQo+IA0KPiBUaGFua3MNCj4gDQo+IFJl
Z2FyZHMNCj4gU2VyZ2lvDQo+IA0KPiANCj4gLS0tLS1PcmlnaW5hbCBNZXNzYWdlLS0tLS0NCj4g
RnJvbTogQUNUTiBbbWFpbHRvOmFjdG4tYm91bmNlc0BpZXRmLm9yZ10gT24gQmVoYWxmIE9mIEln
b3IgQnJ5c2tpbg0KPiBTZW50OiBtYXJ0ZWTDrCAxNCBvdHRvYnJlIDIwMTQgMDI6MDENCj4gVG86
IExlZXlvdW5nOyBCRUxPVFRJLCBTRVJHSU8gKFNFUkdJTyk7IERhbmllbGUgQ2VjY2FyZWxsaTsg
S2luZywgRGFuaWVsOw0KPiBhY3RuQGlldGYub3JnOyBkaWVnb0B0aWQuZXM7IGx1eXVhbmZAZ21h
aWwuY29tDQo+IENjOiBWYXJtYSwgRXZlIEwgKEV2ZSkNCj4gU3ViamVjdDogUmU6IFtBY3RuXSBk
cmFmdC1jZWNjYXJlbGxpLWFjdG4tZnJhbWV3b3JrLTAzLnR4dCBjb21tZW50cw0KPiANCj4gDQo+
IFlvdW5nLA0KPiANCj4gDQo+ID09PeOAi0FmdGVyIGFsbCB3ZSBhcmUgYWdyZWVpbmcgd2l0aCB0
aGUgaW50ZXJmYWNlcyBvZiBBQ1ROIGludGVyZXN0IGFyZQ0KPiBJbnRlcmZhY2UgQiBhbmQgQywg
cmlnaHQ/DQo+IA0KPiBJQuOAi05vLiBJIGFtIHNheWluZyB0aGF0IGludGVyZmFjZSBCIGFuZCBD
IGFyZSBleGFjdGx5IHRoZSBzYW1lIGludGVyZmFjZXMuDQo+IEZvciBleGFtcGxlLCBvbiB0aGUg
cGljdHVyZSBOZXR3b3JrIGRvbWFpbiAxIGluIG9yZGVyIHRvIHByb3ZpZGUgdGhlDQo+IGFic3Ry
YWN0IHRvcG9sb2d5IHRvIHRoZSBtdWx0aS12ZW5kb3IgVk5DLCBtYXkgdXNlIGZ1bGx5IG9yIHBh
cnRpYWxseSBhYnN0cmFjdA0KPiB0b3BvbG9naWVzIHByb3ZpZGVkIGJ5IG9uZSBvciBtb3JlIGxv
d2VyIHRpZXIgdHJhbnNwb3J0IGRvbWFpbnMuDQo+IExpa2V3aXNlLCBDdXN0b21lciAxIG9uIHRo
ZSBwaWN0dXJlIG1heSB1c2UgYW4gYWJzdHJhY3QgdG9wb2xvZ3kgcHJvdmlkZWQNCj4gYnkgTXVs
dGktZG9tYWluIG5ldHdvcmsgKHRoZSBWTkMgb24gdGhlIHBpY3R1cmUgaXMgcGFydCBvZikuDQo+
IEluIG90aGVyIHdvcmRzLCB0aGUgc2FtZSBpbnRlcmZhY2UgQyBhbmQgdGhlIHNhbWUgc2V0IG9m
IG1vZGVscywgY291bGQgYmUNCj4gdXNlZCAgaGllcmFyY2hpY2FsbHkuDQo+IA0KPiBJZ29yDQo+
IA0KPiBJQj4+IEkgYW0gdGFsa2luZyBhYm91dCB0aGUgaW50ZXJmYWNlIGJldHdlZW4gdHJhbnNw
b3J0IGRvbWFpbiBzZXJ2ZXIgYW5kDQo+IHRyYW5zcG9ydCBkb21haW4gY2xpZW50LiBJIHdvdWxk
IGFyZ3VlIHRoYXQgdGhlIHZlcnkgc2FtZSBpbnRlcmZhY2UgY2FuIGJlDQo+IHVzZWQgYmV0d2Vl
biBhIG11bHRpLWRvbWFpbiBwcm92aWRlciAoZS5nLiBUZWxlZm9uaWthKSBhbmQgaXRzIGNsaWVu
dHMuIE5vdA0KPiBhbGwgc3VjaCBjbGllbnRzIGFyZSBkdW1iLCBhcyBEYW5pZWxlIGNsYWltcywg
YW5kIG9ubHkgY2FyZSBhYm91dCDigJxhIGdpdmVuDQo+IGFtb3VudCBvZiBHYnBzIGZyb20gQSB0
byBC4oCdLiBJdCBpcyBlYXN5IHRvIGVudmlzaW9uIHRoYXQgc29tZSBvZiB0aGUgY2xpZW50cw0K
PiB3b3VsZCB3YW50IGZyb20gVGVsZWZvbmljYSBhIGNvdXBsZSBvZiBTUkxHLWRpc2pvaW50IGFi
c3RyYWN0IGxpbmtzLCBzbyB0aGF0DQo+IHRoZSBjbGllbnRzIGNhbiBoYXZlIGEgc2F5IGluIHRo
ZSBwbGFjZW1lbnQgb2YgdGhlaXIgIHNlcnZpY2VzIGFjcm9zcyB0aGUNCj4gVGVsZWZvbmlrYSBu
ZXR3b3JrLiBUaHJlZSBwb2ludHMgaGVyZToNCj4gDQo+IGEpICAgICAgVGhlIGNsaWVudCB3aWxs
IGJlIGFibGUgdG8gY29uZmlndXJlIGZ1bGx5IG9yIHBhcnRpYWxseSB0aGUgYWJzdHJhY3QgdG9w
b2xvZ3kNCj4gaGUgd2FudHMgdGhlIG5ldHdvcmsgdG8gcHJlc2VudCB0byBoaW07DQo+IA0KPiBi
KSAgICAgIFRoZSBzYWlkIGFic3RyYWN0IHRvcG9sb2d5IGNvdWxkIGJlIGFzIHNpbXBsZSAoZS5n
LiBhIHNpbmdsZSBhYnN0cmFjdA0KPiBub2RlKSBvciBhcyBjb21wbGV4IChlLmcuIE4gYWJzdHJh
Y3Qgbm9kZXMgaW50ZXJjb25uZWN0ZWQgYnkgTSBhYnN0cmFjdA0KPiBsaW5rcykgYXMgdGhlIGNs
aWVudCB3YW50cyBpdCB0byBiZSAoc3ViamVjdCB0byB0aGUgcHJvdmlkZXLigJlzIGFwcHJvdmFs
KQ0KPiANCj4gYykgICAgICBUaGUgYWJzdHJhY3QgdG9wb2xvZ3kgcHJlc2VudGVkIHRvIHRoZSBj
bGllbnQgaXMgY29tcGxldGVseSBkZWNvdXBsZWQNCj4gZnJvbSB0aGUgcHJvdmlkZXLigJlzIGFj
dHVhbCB0b3BvbG9neS4NCj4gDQo+IFRoZXJlZm9yZSB0aGUgc2FtZSBpbnRlcmZhY2Uvc2V0IG9m
IG1vZGVscyBjYW4gYmUgdXNlZCBiZXR3ZWVuIGFueQ0KPiB0cmFuc3BvcnQgbmV0d29yayBwcm92
aWRlciBhbmQgaXRzIGNsaWVudC4gRnVydGhlcm1vcmUsIHRoZSBpbnRlcmZhY2UgY2FuIGJlDQo+
IHVzZWQgaW4gdGhlIGhpZXJhcmNoaWNhbCB3YXksIHRoYXQgaXMsIGEgY2xpZW50IG9mIGEgdHJh
bnNwb3J0IGRvbWFpbiBjYW4gc2VydmUNCj4gaXRzIG93biBjbGllbnRzIHVzaW5nIHRoZSBzYW1l
IGludGVyZmFjZSBhcyBpdCB1c2VzIHRvIHRhbGsgdG8gaXRzIG93bg0KPiBwcm92aWRlcihzKQ0K
PiANCj4gSGVyZSBJIHdvdWxkIGxpa2UgdG8gZ2l2ZSB5b3UgYSBsaXR0bGUgY2xlYXJlciBwaWN0
dXJlIG9uIG11bHRpLWRvbWFpbiBpc3N1ZXMuDQo+IA0KPiAgICArLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLSsg
ICArLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tKyAgICAgICstLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLSsNCj4gICAgfCAgIEN1c3Rv
bWVyIDEgICB8ICAgfCAgIEN1c3RvbWVyIDIgIHwgIC4uLiB8IEN1c3RvbWVyIE0gICB8DQo+ICAg
ICstLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tKyAgICstLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0rICAgICAgKy0tLS0tLS0tLS0t
LS0tKw0KPiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgXCAgICAgICAgICAgICB8ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAv
DQo+ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgXCAgICAgICAgICAgIHwgICAgICAgICAgICAgLw0KPiAg
ICAgICAgSW50ZXJmYWNlIEIgICBcICAgICAgICAgICB8ICAgICAgICAgICAgLw0KPiAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgXCAgICAgICAgICB8ICAgICAgICAgICAvDQo+ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICArLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLSsNCj4gICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
IHwgICBWTkMgTXVsdGktZG9tYWluICAgfCBFMkUgYWJzdHJhY3QNCj4gICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgIHwgICAgICBDb29yZGluYXRpb24gICAgfCB0b3BvbG9neSBjcmVhdGlvbg0KPiAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgKy0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0rDQo+ICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgLyAgICAgICAgIHwgICAgICAgICAgICBcDQo+ICAgICAgICAgSW50ZXJmYWNl
IEMgICAvICAgICAgICAgIHwgICAgICAgICAgICAgXCAgTmV0d29yayBUb3BvbG9neQ0KPiAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAvICAgICAgICAgICB8ICAgICAgICAgICAgICBcIChhYnN0cmFjdCkN
Cj4gICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAvICAgICAgICAgICAgfCAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIFwNCj4g
ICAgKy0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLSsgICArLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tKyAgICArLS0tLS0t
LS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tKw0KPiAgICB8IE5ldHdvcmsgRG9tYWluIDEgfCAgIHwgTmV0d29yayBEb21h
aW4gMiB8IC4uIHwgTmV0d29yayBEb21haW4gTiB8DQo+ICAgICstLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0r
ICAgKy0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLSsgICAgKy0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLSsNCj4gICAgICAg
ICBWZW5kb3IgWCAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgVmVuZG9yIFkgICAgICAgICAgICAgICBWZW5kb3Ig
Wg0KPiANCj4gDQo+IFdoYXQgaXMgc2l0dGluZyBhYm92ZSDigJxWTkPigJ0gKHRoYXQgY29vcmRp
bmF0ZXMgb3ZlciBtdWx0aS1kb21haW4gY29udHJvbGxlcnMpDQo+IGNhbiBiZSBhbiBpbnRlcm5h
bCBzZXJ2aWNlIG9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbiAob2YgdGhlIHNhbWUgb3BlcmF0b3IpIG9yIHNlcnZpY2UN
Cj4gcHJvdmlkZXJzIChkaWZmZXJlbnQgb3BlcmF0b3JzLCBmb3JtaW5nIGNhcnJpZXJzIG9mIGNh
cnJpZXIpLiBUaGUgY29udHJvbCBlbnRpdHkNCj4gb2YgdGhlc2UgZW50aXRpZXMgaXMgcmVmZXJy
ZWQgdG8gYXMgQ3VzdG9tZXIgTmV0d29yayBjb250cm9sIChDTkMpLiBUaGUgVk5DDQo+IOKAk0NO
QyBpbnRlcmZhY2UgKEludGVyZmFjZSBCKSBoYXMgZGlmZmVyZW50IHJlcXVpcmVtZW50cyB0aGFu
IHRoZSBWTkMtUE5DDQo+IGludGVyZmFjZSAoSW50ZXJmYWNlIEMpLiBUb3BvbG9neSBhYnN0cmFj
dGlvbiBpcyBqdXN0IG9uZSBvZiB0aGUgcmVxdWlyZW1lbnRzDQo+IGFuZCBpbiBtdWx0aS1kb21h
aW4gY2FzZSwgdGhlIFZOQyBpcyBwZXJmb3JtaW5nIG11bHRpLWRvbWFpbiBjb29yZGluYXRpb24N
Cj4gZnVuY3Rpb24uIFZOQyBuZWVkcyB0byBoYXZlIGEgc3RhbmRhcmQgaW50ZXJmYWNlIHRoYXQg
ZW5hYmxlDQo+IGNvbW11bmljYXRpb25zIHdpdGggZGlmZmVyZW50IGtpbmRzIG9mIGRvbWFpbiBu
ZXR3b3JrDQo+IGNvbnRyb2wvbWFuYWdlbWVudCBjb250cm9sICh3aGljaCBpcyByZWZlcnJlZCB0
byBhcyBQTkMsIHlvdSBjYWxsIEFOQykuDQo+IEVhY2ggZG9tYWluIGhhcyBpdHMgb3duIHdheXMg
b2YgY29udHJvbGxpbmcgaXRzIG5ldHdvcmssIHdoaWNoIEFDVE4gaXMgbm90DQo+IHRvdWNoaW5n
IHRob3NlIGF0IGFsbC4gV2hhdGV2ZXIgdGhlIGNob2ljZXMgb2YgdmVuZG9yIGNvbnRyb2wgcmVn
aW1lIHdpbGwNCj4gY29udGludWUgdG8gYmUgZW1wbG95ZWQgKEdNUExTL0FTT04sIFBOTkksIE5N
UywgT3BlbkZsb3csIGV0Yy4pLg0KPiANCj4gRm9yIHRoaXMgbXVsdGktZG9tYWluIGNvb3JkaW5h
dGlvbiBmdW5jdGlvbiBhc3N1bWVkIGJ5IFZOQyBzaG91bGQgYmUNCj4gb3BlcmF0ZWQgb24gYW4g
YWJzdHJhY3QgbGV2ZWwuIFdlIGRvbuKAmXQgd2FudCB0byBpbmplY3QgdGhlIHNhbWUgbGV2ZWwg
b2YNCj4gYWN0dWFsIG5ldHdvcmsgdG9wb2xvZ3kgKGUuZy4sIFRFRCkgYXMgdGhlIGRvbWFpbiBj
b250cm9sbGVyIG9wZXJhdGVzIGl0cw0KPiBwaHlzaWNhbC9hY3R1YWwgbmV0d29ya3MuIElzIHRo
aXMgYWdyZWVhYmxlPyBZb3Ugc2FpZCBhYm92ZSB0aGlzIGluIGMpIFRoZQ0KPiBhYnN0cmFjdCB0
b3BvbG9neSBwcmVzZW50ZWQgdG8gdGhlIGNsaWVudCBpcyBjb21wbGV0ZWx5IGRlY291cGxlZCBm
cm9tIHRoZQ0KPiBwcm92aWRlcuKAmXMgYWN0dWFsIHRvcG9sb2d5Lg0KPiANCj4gTm93IHRoZSBW
TkMgKG11bHRpLWRvbWFpbiBjb29yZGluYXRvcikgbmVlZHMgdG8gY29vcmRpbmF0ZSBzaWduYWxp
bmcNCj4gYWNyb3NzIG11bHRpLWRvbWFpbiBjb250cm9sbGVycyAoaW4gdGVybXMgb2YgdGhlIHNl
cXVlbmNlIG9mIHRoZSBlbmQtdG8tZW5kDQo+IHBhdGggYWNyb3NzIG11bHRpcGxlIGRvbWFpbnMp
LiBUaGlzIGlzIGEgbmV3IGVsZW1lbnQgSSBiZWxpZXZlIEFDVE4gd2lsbCBoYXZlDQo+IHRvIGRl
dmVsb3AuIFRoaXMgaW50ZXJmYWNlIEMgKFZOQy1QTkMpIGlzIHZlcnkgZGlmZmVyZW50IGZyb20g
SW50ZXJmYWNlIEINCj4gKENOQy1WTkMpLiBUaGVyZSBhcmUgb3RoZXIgZGlmZmVyZW5jZXMgKHBs
ZWFzZSBzZWUgU2VjdGlvbiA2LjUgb2YgdGhlDQo+IGZyYW1ld29yayBkb2N1bWVudCkuICBCdXQg
SSBhZ3JlZSB3aXRoIHlvdSB0aGF0IGZyb20gYW4gYWJzdHJhY3QgdG9wb2xvZ3kNCj4gc3RhbmRw
b2ludCwgc2ltaWxhciBtb2RlbCB3b3JrcyBmb3IgSW50ZXJmYWNlcyBCIGFuZCBDIGFzIHlvdSBz
YWlkICBiKSAgICAgIFRoZQ0KPiBzYWlkIGFic3RyYWN0IHRvcG9sb2d5IGNvdWxkIGJlIGFzIHNp
bXBsZSAoZS5nLiBhIHNpbmdsZSBhYnN0cmFjdCBub2RlKSBvciBhcw0KPiBjb21wbGV4IChlLmcu
IE4gYWJzdHJhY3Qgbm9kZXMgaW50ZXJjb25uZWN0ZWQgYnkgTSBhYnN0cmFjdCBsaW5rcykgYXMg
dGhlDQo+IGNsaWVudCB3YW50cyBpdCB0byBiZSAoc3ViamVjdCB0byB0aGUgcHJvdmlkZXLigJlz
IGFwcHJvdmFsKS4NCj4gDQo+IEJlc3QgcmVnYXJkcywNCj4gWW91bmcNCj4gDQo+IA0KPiANCj4g
DQo+IEZyb206IElnb3IgQnJ5c2tpbiBbbWFpbHRvOklCcnlza2luQGFkdmFvcHRpY2FsLmNvbV0N
Cj4gU2VudDogTW9uZGF5LCBPY3RvYmVyIDEzLCAyMDE0IDk6MTcgQU0NCj4gVG86IEJFTE9UVEks
IFNFUkdJTyAoU0VSR0lPKTsgRGFuaWVsZSBDZWNjYXJlbGxpOyBLaW5nLCBEYW5pZWw7IExlZXlv
dW5nOw0KPiBhY3RuQGlldGYub3JnOyBkaWVnb0B0aWQuZXM7IGx1eXVhbmZAZ21haWwuY29tDQo+
IENjOiBWYXJtYSwgRXZlIEwgKEV2ZSkNCj4gU3ViamVjdDogUkU6IGRyYWZ0LWNlY2NhcmVsbGkt
YWN0bi1mcmFtZXdvcmstMDMudHh0IGNvbW1lbnRzDQo+IA0KPiBIaSBTZXJnaW8sDQo+IEEgY291
cGxlIG9mIGNvbW1lbnRzIGluIGxpbmUuDQo+IA0KPiBDaGVlcnMsDQo+IElnb3INCj4gDQo+IEZy
b206IEJFTE9UVEksIFNFUkdJTyAoU0VSR0lPKSBbbWFpbHRvOnNlcmdpby5iZWxvdHRpQGFsY2F0
ZWwtbHVjZW50LmNvbV0NCj4gU2VudDogTW9uZGF5LCBPY3RvYmVyIDEzLCAyMDE0IDk6MTUgQU0N
Cj4gVG86IElnb3IgQnJ5c2tpbjsgRGFuaWVsZSBDZWNjYXJlbGxpOyBLaW5nLCBEYW5pZWw7IExl
ZXlvdW5nOyBhY3RuQGlldGYub3JnOw0KPiBkaWVnb0B0aWQuZXM7IGx1eXVhbmZAZ21haWwuY29t
DQo+IENjOiBWYXJtYSwgRXZlIEwgKEV2ZSk7IEJFTE9UVEksIFNFUkdJTyAoU0VSR0lPKQ0KPiBT
dWJqZWN0OiBSRTogZHJhZnQtY2VjY2FyZWxsaS1hY3RuLWZyYW1ld29yay0wMy50eHQgY29tbWVu
dHMNCj4gDQo+IEhpIElnb3IsDQo+IA0KPiBQbGVhc2UsIHNlZSBpbiBsaW5lDQo+IA0KPiBSZWdh
cmRzDQo+IFNlcmdpbw0KPiANCj4gDQo+IEZyb206IElnb3IgQnJ5c2tpbiBbbWFpbHRvOklCcnlz
a2luQGFkdmFvcHRpY2FsLmNvbV0NCj4gU2VudDogdmVuZXJkw6wgMTAgb3R0b2JyZSAyMDE0IDIy
OjM3DQo+IFRvOiBEYW5pZWxlIENlY2NhcmVsbGk7IEtpbmcsIERhbmllbDsgTGVleW91bmc7IEJF
TE9UVEksIFNFUkdJTyAoU0VSR0lPKTsNCj4gYWN0bkBpZXRmLm9yZzxtYWlsdG86YWN0bkBpZXRm
Lm9yZz47IGRpZWdvQHRpZC5lczxtYWlsdG86ZGllZ29AdGlkLmVzPjsNCj4gbHV5dWFuZkBnbWFp
bC5jb208bWFpbHRvOmx1eXVhbmZAZ21haWwuY29tPg0KPiBDYzogVmFybWEsIEV2ZSBMIChFdmUp
DQo+IFN1YmplY3Q6IFJFOiBkcmFmdC1jZWNjYXJlbGxpLWFjdG4tZnJhbWV3b3JrLTAzLnR4dCBj
b21tZW50cw0KPiANCj4gSGkgRGFuaWVsZSwNCj4gUGxlYXNlLCBzZWUgaW4gbGluZS4NCj4gSWdv
cg0KPiANCj4gRnJvbTogRGFuaWVsZSBDZWNjYXJlbGxpIFttYWlsdG86ZGFuaWVsZS5jZWNjYXJl
bGxpQGVyaWNzc29uLmNvbV0NCj4gU2VudDogRnJpZGF5LCBPY3RvYmVyIDEwLCAyMDE0IDE6MjUg
UE0NCj4gVG86IElnb3IgQnJ5c2tpbjsgS2luZywgRGFuaWVsOyBMZWV5b3VuZzsgQkVMT1RUSSwg
U0VSR0lPIChTRVJHSU8pOw0KPiBhY3RuQGlldGYub3JnPG1haWx0bzphY3RuQGlldGYub3JnPjsg
ZGllZ29AdGlkLmVzPG1haWx0bzpkaWVnb0B0aWQuZXM+Ow0KPiBsdXl1YW5mQGdtYWlsLmNvbTxt
YWlsdG86bHV5dWFuZkBnbWFpbC5jb20+DQo+IENjOiBWYXJtYSwgRXZlIEwgKEV2ZSkNCj4gU3Vi
amVjdDogUkU6IGRyYWZ0LWNlY2NhcmVsbGktYWN0bi1mcmFtZXdvcmstMDMudHh0IGNvbW1lbnRz
DQo+IA0KPiBIaSBJZ29yLA0KPiANCj4gV2hhdCBkbyB5b3UgbWVhbiBieSBjbGllbnQgaGVyZT8g
VGhlIG9uZSB0aGF0IGlzIHRoZSBkb2N1bWVudCBpcyBjYWxsZWQNCj4g4oCcc2VydmljZSBwcm92
aWRlcuKAnSBvciB0aGUgb25lIHRoYXQgaXMgY2FsbGVkIOKAnGNsaWVudOKAnSA/IEZyb20gd2hh
dCB5b3Ugc2VuZCBJDQo+IHRlbmQgdG8gdGhpbmsgeW91IGFyZSB0YWxraW5nIGFib3V0IHRoZSBz
ZXJ2aWNlIHByb3ZpZGVyLCBidXQgSSBtaWdodCBiZQ0KPiB3cm9uZywgcGxlYXNlIGNvcnJlY3Qg
bWUuDQo+IA0KPiBJQj4+IEJ5IGNsaWVudCBJIG1lYW4gdGhlIGNsaWVudCBvZiBhIHRyYW5zcG9y
dCBkb21haW4sIHRoZSBvbmUgd2hvIHNwZWFrcw0KPiBOZXRjb25mL1Jlc3Rjb25mIHRvIHRoZSB0
cmFuc3BvcnQgZG9tYWluLiBUaGUgZ3V5IHdobyBzcGVha3MgZnJvbSB0aGUNCj4gb3RoZXIgZW5k
IChpLmUuIG9uIGJlaGFsZiBvZiB0aGUgdHJhbnNwb3J0IHNlcnZpY2UgcHJvdmlkZXIpICBpcyB0
aGUgdHJhbnNwb3J0DQo+IGRvbWFpbuKAmXMgSHlwZXJ2aXNvci4NCj4gDQo+IFNCPj4+IEl0IGlz
IGNsZWFyIHdoYXQgeW91IGludGVuZCBoZXJlLCBldmVuIGlmIHdvcmQgY2xpZW50IGl0IHNlZW1z
IHRvIG1lDQo+IG1vcmUgcmVsYXRlZCB0byBhcHBsaWNhdGlvbiB0aGFuIHRvIGEgc2VydmljZSBw
cm92aWRlci4NCj4gDQo+IElCPj4gSSBhbSB0YWxraW5nIGFib3V0IHRoZSBpbnRlcmZhY2UgYmV0
d2VlbiB0cmFuc3BvcnQgZG9tYWluIHNlcnZlciBhbmQNCj4gdHJhbnNwb3J0IGRvbWFpbiBjbGll
bnQuIEkgd291bGQgYXJndWUgdGhhdCB0aGUgdmVyeSBzYW1lIGludGVyZmFjZSBjYW4gYmUNCj4g
dXNlZCBiZXR3ZWVuIGEgbXVsdGktZG9tYWluIHByb3ZpZGVyIChlLmcuIFRlbGVmb25pa2EpIGFu
ZCBpdHMgY2xpZW50cy4gTm90DQo+IGFsbCBzdWNoIGNsaWVudHMgYXJlIGR1bWIsIGFzIERhbmll
bGUgY2xhaW1zLCBhbmQgb25seSBjYXJlIGFib3V0IOKAnGEgZ2l2ZW4NCj4gYW1vdW50IG9mIEdi
cHMgZnJvbSBBIHRvIELigJ0uIEl0IGlzIGVhc3kgdG8gZW52aXNpb24gdGhhdCBzb21lIG9mIHRo
ZSBjbGllbnRzDQo+IHdvdWxkIHdhbnQgZnJvbSBUZWxlZm9uaWNhIGEgY291cGxlIG9mIFNSTEct
ZGlzam9pbnQgYWJzdHJhY3QgbGlua3MsIHNvIHRoYXQNCj4gdGhlIGNsaWVudHMgY2FuIGhhdmUg
YSBzYXkgaW4gdGhlIHBsYWNlbWVudCBvZiB0aGVpciAgc2VydmljZXMgYWNyb3NzIHRoZQ0KPiBU
ZWxlZm9uaWthIG5ldHdvcmsuIFRocmVlIHBvaW50cyBoZXJlOg0KPiANCj4gYSkgICAgICBUaGUg
Y2xpZW50IHdpbGwgYmUgYWJsZSB0byBjb25maWd1cmUgZnVsbHkgb3IgcGFydGlhbGx5IHRoZSBh
YnN0cmFjdCB0b3BvbG9neQ0KPiBoZSB3YW50cyB0aGUgbmV0d29yayB0byBwcmVzZW50IHRvIGhp
bTsNCj4gDQo+IGIpICAgICAgVGhlIHNhaWQgYWJzdHJhY3QgdG9wb2xvZ3kgY291bGQgYmUgYXMg
c2ltcGxlIChlLmcuIGEgc2luZ2xlIGFic3RyYWN0DQo+IG5vZGUpIG9yIGFzIGNvbXBsZXggKGUu
Zy4gTiBhYnN0cmFjdCBub2RlcyBpbnRlcmNvbm5lY3RlZCBieSBNIGFic3RyYWN0DQo+IGxpbmtz
KSBhcyB0aGUgY2xpZW50IHdhbnRzIGl0IHRvIGJlIChzdWJqZWN0IHRvIHRoZSBwcm92aWRlcuKA
mXMgYXBwcm92YWwpDQo+IA0KPiBjKSAgICAgIFRoZSBhYnN0cmFjdCB0b3BvbG9neSBwcmVzZW50
ZWQgdG8gdGhlIGNsaWVudCBpcyBjb21wbGV0ZWx5IGRlY291cGxlZA0KPiBmcm9tIHRoZSBwcm92
aWRlcuKAmXMgYWN0dWFsIHRvcG9sb2d5Lg0KPiANCj4gVGhlcmVmb3JlIHRoZSBzYW1lIGludGVy
ZmFjZS9zZXQgb2YgbW9kZWxzIGNhbiBiZSB1c2VkIGJldHdlZW4gYW55DQo+IHRyYW5zcG9ydCBu
ZXR3b3JrIHByb3ZpZGVyIGFuZCBpdHMgY2xpZW50LiBGdXJ0aGVybW9yZSwgdGhlIGludGVyZmFj
ZSBjYW4gYmUNCj4gdXNlZCBpbiB0aGUgaGllcmFyY2hpY2FsIHdheSwgdGhhdCBpcywgYSBjbGll
bnQgb2YgYSB0cmFuc3BvcnQgZG9tYWluIGNhbiBzZXJ2ZQ0KPiBpdHMgb3duIGNsaWVudHMgdXNp
bmcgdGhlIHNhbWUgaW50ZXJmYWNlIGFzIGl0IHVzZXMgdG8gdGFsayB0byBpdHMgb3duDQo+IHBy
b3ZpZGVyKHMpDQo+IA0KPiBNb3Jlb3ZlciBJIHdvdWxkIGF2b2lkIGluIHRoaXMgcGhhc2UgdG8g
bWVudGlvbiBhbnkgcmVmZXJlbmNlIHRvIHByb3RvY29sDQo+IGltcGxlbWVudGF0aW9uIChlLmcu
IE5ldGNvbmYvUmVzdGNvbmYpIDogSSB0aGluayB3ZSBhcmUgaW4gdGhlIHBoYXNlIHRvDQo+IHVu
ZGVyc3RhbmQgYXJjaGl0ZWN0dXJlLCB3aGF0IGFyZSB0aGUgcmVsZXZhbnQgaW50ZXJmYWNlcywg
YW5kIHdoYXQNCj4gaW5mb3JtYXRpb24gaXMgZXhjaGFuZ2VkIG92ZXIgdGhlIHJlZmVyZW5jZSBw
b2ludHMvaW50ZXJmYWNlcy4gSSBndWVzcyB0aGlzIGlzDQo+IGNsZWFybHkgc3RhdGVkIGFsc28g
aW4gdGhlIGNoYXJ0ZXIgb2YgQm9GLg0KPiANCj4gSUI+PiBBZ3JlZS4gSSB1c2VkIE5ldGNvbmYv
UmVzdGNvbmYgYXMgYW4gZXhhbXBsZSB0byBtYWtlIGl0IGNsZWFyIHdoYXQNCj4gaW50ZXJmYWNl
IEkgd2FzIHRhbGtpbmcgYWJvdXQuDQo+IA0KPiAgQXQgYW4gYXBwcm9wcmlhdGUgdGltZSDigJMg
Y2VydGFpbmx5IG5vdCBub3cg4oCTIHRoZSBuZXh0IHN0ZXAgaXMgdG8gY2hlY2sgd2l0aA0KPiBv
dGhlciBTRE9zIG9uIHRoZSBhdmFpbGFiaWxpdHkgb2YgcmVsZXZhbnQgY29yZS90ZWNobm9sb2d5
DQo+IHNwZWNpZmljL2FwcGxpY2F0aW9uIHNwZWNpZmljIGluZm9ybWF0aW9uIG1vZGVsIOKAnGZy
YWdtZW50c+KAnSwgYW5kIHRoZW4gZmluYWxseQ0KPiBwcm9jZWVkIG9uIHRoZSBwYXRoIG9mIHBy
dW5pbmcvcmVmYWN0b3JpbmcgYW5kIG1hcHBpbmcgdG8gUkVTVC9KU09OLA0KPiBOZXRjb25mL1lB
TkcsIGFuZCBhbnkgb3RoZXIgcG9zc2libGUgZGF0YSBtb2RlbGluZyBhbmQgY29uZmlndXJhdGlv
bg0KPiBwcm90b2NvbCBleGlzdGluZy4gVGhpcyBpcyBteSB1bmRlcnN0YW5kaW5nICBvZiB0aGUg
Qm9GIHNjb3BlIC4NCj4gDQo+IEkgZG9u4oCZdCB0aGluayB0aGUgY2xpZW50IG9mIHRoZSBtdWx0
aS1kb21haW4gbmV0d29yayB3YW50cyB0byBoYXZlIGEgc28NCj4gZGV0YWlsZWQgdmlldyBvZiB0
aGUgbmV0d29yaywgaGUgZG9lcyBub3QgY2FyZSBhYm91dCBkb21haW5zLCBpbnRlciBkb21haW4N
Cj4gbGlua3Mgb3Igd2hhdGV2ZXIsIEkgd291bGQgc2F5IGhlIG9ubHkgY2FyZXMgYWJvdXQgYSBn
aXZlbiBhbW91bnQgb2YgR2Jwcw0KPiBmcm9tIEEgdG8gQiB3aXRoIGEgZ2l2ZW4gbWF4IGRlbGF5
IGFuZCBwcm9iYWJseSBzb21lIGRpdmVyc2l0eSBwYXJhbWV0ZXJzLg0KPiANCj4gSUI+PiBBZ2Fp
biwgYnkgY2xpZW50IEkgbWVhbiBtdWx0aS1kb21haW4gbmV0d29yayBjb250cm9sbGVyIChlLmcu
IFRlbGVmb25pY2ENCj4gU0ROIGNvbnRyb2xsZXIpLCBub3QgdGhlIGNsaWVudCB1c2luZyBzZXJ2
aWNlcyBvZiB0aGUgbXVsdGktZG9tYWluIG5ldHdvcmsNCj4gKGkuZS4gbm90IHRoZSBUZWxlZm9u
aWNhIGNsaWVudHMpLiBTdWNoIGNsaWVudCB1c2VzICB0aGUgdHJhbnNwb3J0IGRvbWFpbnMgZm9y
IGENCj4gcmVhc29uLiDigJxhIGdpdmVuIGFtb3VudCBvZiBHYnBzIGZyb20gQSB0byBC4oCdIGlz
IHRvbyBsb29zZSBhbmQgbGl0dGxlIGZvciB0aGUNCj4gY2xpZW50IHRvIGRvIHRoZSBuZXR3b3Jr
IHBsYW5uaW5nLiBJTU8gdGhlIGNsaWVudCBuZWVkcyB0byAqcGxhbiogdGhlDQo+IGFic3RyYWN0
IHRvcG9sb2dpZXMgcHJvdmlkZWQgYnkgdGhlIHRyYW5zcG9ydCBkb21haW5zIHRoZSBzYW1lIG9y
IHNpbWlsYXINCj4gd2F5IGFzIGhlIHdvdWxkIHBsYW4gaGlzIG93biBhY3R1YWwgdG9wb2xvZ3ku
DQo+IA0KPiBTQj4+PiB5ZXMsIHN1cmUsIGluIHlvdSB2aWV3IG9mIOKAnGNsaWVudOKAnSAsIHRo
aXMgaXMgdGhlIHNlcnZpY2UgcHJvdmlkZXIgRGFuaWVsZSBpcw0KPiB0YWxraW5nLCBzbyBhbiBh
YnN0cmFjdCB2aWV3IG9mIHdoYXQgaXMgdGhlIHJlYWwgdHJhbnNwb3J0IG5ldHdvcmsgaXMNCj4g
Y29uc2lkZXJlZCBhdCB0aGlzIGxldmVsLiBBcyBJIHNhaWQgdG8gWW91bmcsIGluIG15IHByZXZp
b3VzIG1haWwsIGluIHRoZSBjYXNlIG9mDQo+IGEgc2luZ2xlIGRvbWFpbiBzY2VuYXJpbyBWTkMg
YW5kIFBOQyBjb3VsZCBhbHNvIGNvaW5jaWRlIGJ1dCBpbiBjYXNlIG9mIGENCj4gbXVsdGktZG9t
YWluIHNjZW5hcmlvcyB0aGUgc2NvcGUgaXMgdG8gcHJvdmlkZSB0byBhcHBsaWNhdGlvbiBsYXll
ciBhIHNpbmdsZQ0KPiB2aXJ0dWFsaXplZCB2aWV3IG9mIHRoZSB1bmRlcmxpbmUgbXVsdGkgZG9t
YWluIG5ldHdvcmsuDQo+IA0KPiBPbiB0aGUgb3RoZXIgc2lkZSwgdGhlIG9uZSB0aGF0IGNhcmVz
IGFib3V0IGFsbCBvZiB0aGUgaXNzdWVzIHlvdSBsaXN0ZWQgaXMgdGhlDQo+IHNlcnZpY2UgcHJv
dmlkZXIgKGFzIHBlciBhY3R1YWwgZG9jdW1lbnQgdGVybWlub2xvZ3kpLiBIb3dldmVyIGFsc28g
dGhlDQo+IHNlcnZpY2UgcHJvdmlkZXIgZG9lcyBub3QgZ28gaW50byBwaHlzaWNhbCBpbXBhaXJt
ZW50IGRldGFpbHMuIEhlIGNhcmVzIGFib3V0DQo+IGNvbm5lY3Rpdml0eSBiZXR3ZWVuIHRoZSBi
b3JkZXJzIG9mIHRoZSBkb21haW5zLCBpbnRlciBkb21haW4gbGlua3MuIEhvdw0KPiBzdWNoIGNv
bm5lY3Rpdml0eSBpcyBwcm92aXNpb25lZC9tYW5hZ2VkIGlzIHRoZSBuZXR3b3JrIHByb3ZpZGVy
IGJ1c2luZXNzLg0KPiBUaGUgbmV0d29yayBwcm92aWRlcyBtaWdodCBiZSB1c2luZyBHTVBMUywg
Tk1TIGFuZCBPTkYgY29udHJvbGxlciB3aXRoDQo+IE9wZW4gRmxvdyBvciB3aGF0ZXZlciB0byBj
b250cm9sIHRoZSBuZXR3b3JrLiBNYXliZSBjYWxsaW5nIGl0IFBOQyBpcw0KPiBjb25mdXNpbmc/
IFRoZSBQTkMgY2FuIGJlIGFueSBvZiB0aGUgdGhpbmdzIEnigJl2ZSBsaXN0ZWQgYW5kIG11Y2gg
bW9yZS4NCj4gDQo+IElCPj4gSW4gdGhpcyBjYXNlIG15IGNsaWVudCBpcyB5b3VyIHNlcnZpY2Ug
cHJvdmlkZXIgOz0pLiBZb3UgYXJjaGl0ZWN0dXJhbGx5DQo+IHNlcGFyYXRlIGNsaWVudCBmcm9t
IHRoZSBzZXJ2aWNlIHByb3ZpZGVyLCBiZWNhdXNlIHlvdSBwcm9iYWJseSBiZWxpZXZlIHRoYXQN
Cj4gaXQgaXMgcG9zc2libGUgdG8gc3RhbmRhcmRpemUgdGhlIGludGVyZmFjZSBiZXR3ZWVuIHRo
ZSB0d28uIEkgZGlzYWdyZWUgd2l0aA0KPiB0aGF0IGFuZCBkb27igJl0IHRoaW5rIEFDVE4gc2hv
dWxkIHdvcmsgb24gdGhpcy4gSW4gdGhlIGNvbnRleHQgb2YgQUNUTiBJIHNlZQ0KPiBvbmx5IHR3
byBjb25zdHJ1Y3RzOiBUcmFuc3BvcnQgZG9tYWluIGNvbnRyb2xsZXIgKHRyYW5zcG9ydCBzZXJ2
aWNlIHByb3ZpZGVyKQ0KPiBhbmQgIFRyYW5zcG9ydCBjbGllbnQgY29udHJvbGxlciAodHJhbnNw
b3J0IHNlcnZpY2UgdXNlcikuDQo+IA0KPiBTQj4+PiBBQ1ROIGhlcmUgaXMgbm90IHJlaW52ZW50
aW5nIHRoZSB3aGVlbCAsIGluIG90aGVyIFNETyBTRE4gc3BlY2lmaWMgaXMNCj4gY29uc2lkZXJl
ZCAgdGhlIGFwcGxpY2F0aW9uIGxheWVyICwgYW5kIHRoZSBpbnRlcmZhY2UgYmV0d2VlbiBBTCBh
bmQgU0RODQo+IGNvbnRyb2xsZXIgKGluIHRoaXMgY2FzZSB0aGUgVk5DIG9mIEFDVE4pIC4gVGhp
cyBpbnRlcmZhY2UgcGVybWl0IHRvIGFueSBjbGllbnQNCj4gdG8gZGlyZWN0bHkgaW1wYWN0IHRv
IGhpcyBvd24gc2VydmljZXMgYW5kIGhpcyBvd24g4oCcdmlydHVhbGl6ZWTigJ0gcmVzb3VyY2Vz
IC4NCj4gDQo+IA0KPiBIZW5jZSB0aGUgaW50ZXJmYWNlcyB0byBiZSBjb25zaWRlcmVkIGFyZSB0
d28sIG5vdCB0aHJlZSAoYXMgRGFuIHNhaWQpIEkgdGhpbmsNCj4gdGhpcyByZXBsaWVzIHRvIHF1
ZXN0aW9ucyAxIGFuZCAzLiBKdXN0IHRvIGFkZCBzb21ldGhpbmcgcmVnYXJkaW5nIDIsIEkgd291
bGQNCj4gc2F5IHRoYXQgdGhleSBuZWVkIGp1c3QgYSBzaW5nbGUgZW50cnkgcG9pbnQgdG8gdGhl
IG5ldHdvcmsgY29udHJvbCAoY291bGQgYmUgYQ0KPiBzbWFsbCBwaWVjZSBvZiBjb2RlIHJ1bm5p
bmcgb24gdG9wIG9mIHRoZSBQQ0Ugb2YgeW91ciBHTVBMUyBkb21haW4pLCB3aGljaA0KPiBhY3Rz
IGFzIGFuIGludGVyZmFjZSBiZXR3ZWVuIHRoZSBWTkMgYW5kIHRoZSBjb250cm9sIHBsYW5lIG9m
IHlvdXIgbmV0d29yaw0KPiBhbmQgcGVyZm9ybXM6IOKAnC0gTWFwcGluZyBvZiBwaHlzaWNhbCBh
bmQgdmlydHVhbCByZXNvdXJjZXPigJ0gYW5kICDigJxSZXF1ZXN0czoNCj4gcGF0aCwgcHJvdmlz
aW9uLCBtb2RpZnkgYW5kIHJlc3RvcmXigJ0uDQo+IA0KPiBJQj4+IEFzIEkgc2FpZCwgdGhpcyBp
cyB0aGUgdGFzayBvZiB0aGUgdHJhbnNwb3J0IGRvbWFpbiBIeXBlcnZpc29yLCB3aG9zZSByb2xl
DQo+IGlzLCBlc3NlbnRpYWxseSwgdG8gdHJhbnNsYXRlIGJhY2sgYW5kIGZvcnRoIGFic3RyYWN0
IDw9PiBhY3R1YWwgdG9wb2xvZ3kNCj4gZWxlbWVudHMgYW5kIHNlcnZpY2UgcmVxdWVzdHMvcmVz
cG9uc2VzIGNvbnRhaW5pbmcgdGhlIGFic3RyYWN0L2FjdHVhbA0KPiB0b3BvbG9neSBwYXRocy4g
SSB0aGluayB0aGF0IHRoZSBub3J0aC9zb3V0aCBpbnRlcmZhY2UgYmV0d2VlbiB0aGUgdHJhbnNw
b3J0DQo+IGRvbWFpbiBIeXBlcnZpc29yIGFuZCB0aGUgZW50aXR5IHJlcHJlc2VudGluZyB0aGUg
Y2xpZW50IG9mIHRoZSB0cmFuc3BvcnQNCj4gZG9tYWluIChubyBtYXR0ZXIgaG93IHlvdSBjYWxs
IGl0KSBpcyB0aGUgb25seSBpbnRlcmZhY2UgQUNUTiBjYW4gd29yayBvbg0KPiB3aXRoIHRoZSBo
b3BlIHRvIHByb2R1Y2Ugc29tZXRoaW5nIHVzZWZ1bC4NCj4gDQo+IENoZWVycw0KPiBEYW5pZWxl
DQo+IA0KPiANCj4gDQo+IEZyb206IElnb3IgQnJ5c2tpbiBbbWFpbHRvOklCcnlza2luQGFkdmFv
cHRpY2FsLmNvbV0NCj4gU2VudDogdmVuZXJkw6wgMTAgb3R0b2JyZSAyMDE0IDAzOjE2DQo+IFRv
OiBLaW5nLCBEYW5pZWw7IExlZXlvdW5nOyBCRUxPVFRJLCBTRVJHSU8gKFNFUkdJTyk7DQo+IGFj
dG5AaWV0Zi5vcmc8bWFpbHRvOmFjdG5AaWV0Zi5vcmc+OyBEYW5pZWxlIENlY2NhcmVsbGk7DQo+
IGRpZWdvQHRpZC5lczxtYWlsdG86ZGllZ29AdGlkLmVzPjsNCj4gbHV5dWFuZkBnbWFpbC5jb208
bWFpbHRvOmx1eXVhbmZAZ21haWwuY29tPg0KPiBDYzogVmFybWEsIEV2ZSBMIChFdmUpDQo+IFN1
YmplY3Q6IFJFOiBkcmFmdC1jZWNjYXJlbGxpLWFjdG4tZnJhbWV3b3JrLTAzLnR4dCBjb21tZW50
cw0KPiANCj4gWW91bmcgYW5kIERhbiwNCj4gDQo+IEl0IGRvZXMgbm90IG1hdHRlciBob3cgeW91
IGNhbGwgbWUsIGFuZCBhcyBKb2huIGlzIGhlbHBmdWxseSBhcHBseWluZywgeW91IGNhbg0KPiBp
Z25vcmUgd2hhdCBJIGFtIHNheWluZy4gQnV0IGxldCBtZSBleHBsYWluIGluIHNvbWUgbW9yZSBk
ZXRhaWxzIHdoYXQgSQ0KPiBtZWFudC4NCj4gDQo+IFN1cHBvc2Ugd2UgaGF2ZSBhIGNsaWVudCAo
c3VjaCBhcyBURkspIG9mIGEgbXVsdGktZG9tYWluIHRyYW5zcG9ydCBuZXR3b3JrLA0KPiB3aG8g
d2FudHMgdG8gcHJvdmlzaW9uIGFuZCBtYW5pcHVsYXRlIGUyZSB0cmFuc3BvcnQgc2VydmljZXMg
dGhlIHdheSBoZQ0KPiB3YW50cyBpdCAoaS5lLiBhcHBseWluZyBoaXMgcG9saWNpZXMpLiBXaGF0
IHdvdWxkIHN1Y2ggY2xpZW50IG5lZWQ/DQo+IA0KPiANCj4gMS4gICAgIEFuIGFjY2VzcyB0byBh
IHVuaWZpZWQgbmV0d29yayBURSB0b3BvbG9neSB0aGF0IGNvdWxkIGJlIHVuZGVyc3Rvb2QgYW5k
DQo+IHVzZWQgYnkgdGhlIGNsaWVudOKAmXMgcGF0aCBjb21wdXRlciB0byBzZWxlY3Qgc2Vydmlj
ZSBlMmUgcGF0aHMuIEhvdyBkb2VzIHRoZQ0KPiBjbGllbnQgZ2V0IHN1Y2ggYSB0b3BvbG9neT8g
VGhlIG5lY2Vzc2FyeSBvdmVybGF5IHRvcG9sb2d5IGNvbXByaXNlcw0KPiBhYnN0cmFjdCB0b3Bv
bG9naWVzIHByZXNlbnRlZCBmb3IgdGhlIGNsaWVudCBieSBlYWNoIG9mIHRoZSB0cmFuc3BvcnQg
ZG9tYWlucw0KPiArIGludGVyLWRvbWFpbiBURSBsaW5rcy4gSGVuY2Ugd2UgYXJlIHRhbGtpbmcg
YWJvdXQgaW50ZXJmYWNlICMxIChhbmQgZGF0YQ0KPiBtb2RlbCAjMSkgYmV0d2VlbiBhIHByb3Zp
ZGVyIGh5cGVydmlzb3IvVk5DIGFuZCB0aGUgY2xpZW50IGNvbnRyb2xsZXIgdG8NCj4gZXhwb3Nl
IGluIGEgdW5pZmllZCBhYnN0cmFjdCAgd2F5ICBpdHMgdG9wb2xvZ3kgb24gcGVyIGNsaWVudC90
ZW5hbnQgYmFzaXMuDQo+IEZ1cnRoZXJtb3JlLCB0aGUgY2xpZW50IGNvbnRyb2xsZXIgY2FuIHVz
ZSB0aGlzIGludGVyZmFjZSBpbiB0aGUgb3Bwb3NpdGUNCj4gZGlyZWN0aW9uIHRvIG1vZGlmeSB0
aGUgc2FpZCBhYnN0cmFjdCB0b3BvbG9neSAoc3ViamVjdCB0byB0aGUgcHJvdmlkZXLigJlzDQo+
IGFwcHJvdmFsKSwgYmVjYXVzZSB0aGUgY2xpZW50IGlzIHRoZSBvbmx5IGd1eSB3aG8ga25vd3Mg
aG93IHRoZSBhYnN0cmFjdA0KPiB0b3BvbG9neSBleHBvc2VkIHRvIGhpbSBzaG91bGQgbG9vayBs
aWtlIHRvIGJlIHVzZWZ1bCAoZS5nLiB3aGljaCBhbmQgaG93DQo+IHRoZSBhYnN0cmFjdCBsaW5r
cyBzaG91bGQgYmUgZGlzam9pbnQgZnJvbSBlYWNoIG90aGVyLCBob3cgbWFueSBvZiB0aGVtDQo+
IHNob3VsZCBiZSBwcm92aWRlZCwgdGhlaXIgYXR0cmlidXRlcywgZGVzaXJlZCByZWNvdmVyeSBj
YXBhYmlsaXRpZXMsIGV0YywpLiBUaGlzDQo+IGtub3dsZWRnZSBpcyBzdXBwb3NlZCB0byBjb21l
IGZyb20gdGhlIGNsaWVudOKAmXMgbmV0d29yayBwbGFubmluZy4NCj4gDQo+IDIuICAgICBBIHdh
eSB0byBwcm92aXNpb24vbW9kaWZ5L2RlbGV0ZSBlMmUgc2VydmljZXMgd2l0aCB0aGUgdXNlIG9m
IHNvDQo+IGNvbXB1dGVkIGUyZSBwYXRocy4gVGhlIGNsaWVudOKAmXMgY29udHJvbGxlciBkb2Vz
IHRoYXQgYnkgY2hvcHBpbmcgdGhlIHBhdGhzDQo+IGludG8gcGVyLWRvbWFpbiBzZWdtZW50cyBh
bmQgaW5zdHJ1Y3RzIHJlc3BlY3RpdmUgZG9tYWluDQo+IFZOQ3MvSHlwZXJ2aXNvcnMgdG8gc2V0
IHVwL21hbmlwdWxhdGUgc2VydmljZSByZXNwZWN0aXZlIGNvbm5lY3Rpb24NCj4gc2VnbWVudHMu
IEhlbmNlIHdlIGFyZSB0YWxraW5nIGFib3V0IGludGVyZmFjZSAjMiAoZGF0YSBtb2RlbCAjMikg
Zm9yIHRoZQ0KPiBzZXJ2aWNlIHNlZ21lbnQgbWFuaXB1bGF0aW9uOw0KPiANCj4gMy4gICAgIEEg
d2F5IHRvIG1vbml0b3IsIHRyb3VibGVzaG9vdCwgY2Fycnkgb3V0IG1haW50ZW5hbmNlIG9mIHRo
ZSBhY3RpdmUgZTJlDQo+IHNlcnZpY2VzLiBUaGlzIHdvdWxkIHJlcXVpcmUgaW50ZXJmYWNlICMz
IChkYXRhIG1vZGVsICMzKSBiZXR3ZWVuIHRoZQ0KPiBjbGllbnTigJlzIGNvbnRyb2xsZXIgYW5k
IGRvbWFpbnMgVk5Dcy9IeXBlcnZpc29ycyBmb3IgdGhpcyBwdXJwb3NlLg0KPiANCj4gU28sIHdl
IGFyZSB0YWxraW5nIDMgWWFuZyBtb2RlbHMgd2l0aCByZXF1aXJlZCBtb2RpZmljYXRpb25zIHRv
IG5laXRoZXINCj4gTmV0Y29uZi9SZXN0Y29uZiwgbm9yICBUbyBhbnkgb3RoZXIgbWFuYWdlbWVu
dCwgcm91dGluZyBvciBzaWduYWxpbmcNCj4gcHJvdG9jb2wuDQo+IA0KPiBOb3cgSSBoYXZlIGEg
Y291cGxlIG9mIHF1ZXN0aW9ucyB0byB5b3U6DQo+IA0KPiAxLiAgICAgSW4gdGhpcyBleGFtcGxl
LCB3aGF0IGVsc2UgKGluIGFkZGl0aW9uIHRvIHRoZXNlIHRocmVlIG1vZGVscykgdGhlIGNsaWVu
dA0KPiBzdWNoIGFzIFRGSyBpbiB5b3VyIG9waW5pb24gd291bGQgbmVlZD8NCj4gDQo+IDIuICAg
ICBXaGF0IGVsc2UgdGhlIG5ldHdvcmsgcHJvdmlkZXJzIGFuZCB0aGVpciB2ZW5kb3JzIHN1Y2gg
YXMgQURWQSBvcg0KPiBDSUVOIHdvdWxkIG5lZWQ/DQo+IA0KPiAzLiAgICAgV2hhdCBpcyB0aGUg
aW1wb3J0YW5jZSBvZiBhIGNvbnN0cnVjdCBzdWNoIGFzIFBOQz8NCj4gDQo+IA0KPiBNeSBhbnN3
ZXIgdG8gMy4g4oCcSXMgbm90IGltcG9ydGFudCBhdCBhbGwsIGlycmVsZXZhbnTigJ0gZm9yIHRo
ZSBmb2xsb3dpbmcgcmVhc29uczoNCj4gDQo+IGEpICAgICBXaGF0IGhhcHBlbnMgYmV5b25kIHRo
ZSBWTkMvSHlwZXJ2aXNvciBpbiB0aGUgcHJvdmlkZXIgbmV0d29yayBpcw0KPiBjb21wbGV0ZWx5
IHByb3ByaWV0YXJ5Lg0KPiANCj4gYikgICAgIFRoZXJlIGNvdWxkIGJlIG51bWVyb3VzIHdheXMg
YXMgdG8gaG93IHRoZSBwcm92aWRlciBuZXR3b3JrIGlzDQo+IG1hbmFnZWQuIEV4YW1wbGVzOiBj
ZW50cmFsaXplZCBQTkMgKGFzIHlvdSBjYWxsIGl0KSwgQURWQSBzdHlsZSBHTVBMUw0KPiBiYXNl
ZCBuZXR3b3JrIGludGVsbGlnZW5jZSwgQ0lFTiBzdHlsZSBQTk5JIGJhc2VkIGNvbnRyb2wgcGxh
bmUsIGV0Yy4gV2h5IGlzDQo+IHRoYXQgb2YgQUNUTuKAmXMgYnVzaW5lc3M/DQo+IA0KPiBDaGVl
cnMsDQo+IElnb3INCj4gDQo+IEZyb206IEtpbmcsIERhbmllbCBbbWFpbHRvOmQua2luZ0BsYW5j
YXN0ZXIuYWMudWtdDQo+IFNlbnQ6IFRodXJzZGF5LCBPY3RvYmVyIDA5LCAyMDE0IDQ6NTggUE0N
Cj4gVG86IExlZXlvdW5nOyBJZ29yIEJyeXNraW47IEJFTE9UVEksIFNFUkdJTyAoU0VSR0lPKTsN
Cj4gYWN0bkBpZXRmLm9yZzxtYWlsdG86YWN0bkBpZXRmLm9yZz47IERhbmllbGUgQ2VjY2FyZWxs
aTsNCj4gZGllZ29AdGlkLmVzPG1haWx0bzpkaWVnb0B0aWQuZXM+Ow0KPiBsdXl1YW5mQGdtYWls
LmNvbTxtYWlsdG86bHV5dWFuZkBnbWFpbC5jb20+DQo+IENjOiBWYXJtYSwgRXZlIEwgKEV2ZSkN
Cj4gU3ViamVjdDogUkU6IGRyYWZ0LWNlY2NhcmVsbGktYWN0bi1mcmFtZXdvcmstMDMudHh0IGNv
bW1lbnRzDQo+IA0KPiBIaSBBbGwsIGluY2x1ZGluZyDigJxJZ25vcuKAnSA7LSkNCj4gDQo+IFR5
cGljYWwgZGljaG90b215IGJldHdlZW4gd2hhdCBvcGVyYXRvcnMgd2FudCBhbmQgd2hhdCB2ZW5k
b3JzIGFyZQ0KPiBhY3R1YWxseSB3aWxsaW5nIHRvIHByb3ZpZGUsIGdyb3VwIGNvbnNlbnN1cyB3
aWxsIGV2ZW50dWFsbHkgaGVscCByZXNvbHZlIHRoYXQuDQo+IEVpdGhlciB3YXksIHRoZSBsYXRl
c3QgdmVyc2lvbiBvZiB0aGUgRnJhbWV3b3JrIEktRCBpcyB0cnlpbmcgdG8gZm9jdXMgQUNUTg0K
PiBkaXNjdXNzaW9uIGFuZCBzY29wZSAoaS5lLiwgdGhlIHByb3RvY29sIHdvcmspIG9uIHRoZSBp
bnRlcmZhY2VzIHdoaWNoIGFyZSBpbg0KPiBzY29wZSwgbmFtZWx5Og0KPiANCj4gMS4gVGhlIENO
Qy1WTkMgSW50ZXJmYWNlIChDVkkpDQo+IC0gQ3JlYXRlLCBtb2RpZnkgYW5kIGRlbGV0ZSB2aXJ0
dWFsIG5ldHdvcmsgc2VydmljZSBpbnN0YW5jZXMNCj4gLSBSZXNvdXJjZSBtb2RlbA0KPiANCj4g
Mi4gVGhlIFZOQy1QTkMgSW50ZXJmYWNlIChWUEkpDQo+IC0gTWFwcGluZyBvZiBwaHlzaWNhbCBh
bmQgdmlydHVhbCByZXNvdXJjZXMNCj4gLSBSZXF1ZXN0czogcGF0aCwgcHJvdmlzaW9uLCBtb2Rp
ZnkgYW5kIHJlc3RvcmUNCj4gDQo+IEFzIFlvdW5nIHN1Z2dlc3RzLCBpZiB0aGUgVk5DIHJlY2Vp
dmVkIHBoeXNpY2FsIHRvcG9sb2d5IGluZm8gaXQgd291bGQgYmUNCj4gcGVyZm9ybWluZyB0aGUg
cm9sZSBvZiB0aGUgUGh5c2ljYWwgTmV0d29yayBDb250cm9sbGVyIChQTkMpLCB3aGljaCBpcw0K
PiBvYnZpb3VzbHkgYSAoc29tZWhvdykgcmVxdWlyZWQgZnVuY3Rpb24sIGJ1dCB0aGUgaW50ZXJm
YWNlIChkaXJlY3QNCj4gcHJvdmlzaW9uaW5nIG9mIHRoZSBhY3R1YWwgcGh5c2ljYWwgbmV0d29y
aykgaXMgb3V0IG9mIHNjb3BlIGZvciBBQ1ROLg0KPiANCj4gQnIsIERhbi4NCj4gDQo+IEZyb206
IEFDVE4gW21haWx0bzphY3RuLWJvdW5jZXNAaWV0Zi5vcmddIE9uIEJlaGFsZiBPZiBMZWV5b3Vu
Zw0KPiBTZW50OiAwOSBPY3RvYmVyIDIwMTQgMjE6MzINCj4gVG86IElnb3IgQnJ5c2tpbjsgQkVM
T1RUSSwgU0VSR0lPIChTRVJHSU8pOw0KPiBhY3RuQGlldGYub3JnPG1haWx0bzphY3RuQGlldGYu
b3JnPjsgRGFuaWVsZSBDZWNjYXJlbGxpOw0KPiBkaWVnb0B0aWQuZXM8bWFpbHRvOmRpZWdvQHRp
ZC5lcz47DQo+IGx1eXVhbmZAZ21haWwuY29tPG1haWx0bzpsdXl1YW5mQGdtYWlsLmNvbT4NCj4g
Q2M6IFZhcm1hLCBFdmUgTCAoRXZlKQ0KPiBTdWJqZWN0OiBSZTogW0FjdG5dIGRyYWZ0LWNlY2Nh
cmVsbGktYWN0bi1mcmFtZXdvcmstMDMudHh0IGNvbW1lbnRzDQo+IA0KPiBIaSBJZ25vciwNCj4g
DQo+IFRoYW5rIHlvdSBmb3IgcHJvdmlkaW5nIHlvdXIgY29tbWVudCB0aGF0IHBhdXNlcyB1cyB0
byB0aGluayBtb3JlIGFuZA0KPiB1bmRlcnN0YW5kIG9uIHRoZSBzYW1lIGxldmVsLiBJIHRoaW5r
IHlvdXIgY29tbWVudCB3aWxsIGNvbnRyaWJ1dGUgdG8NCj4gY3J5c3RhbGxpemUgdGhlIHNjb3Bl
IG9mIHdvcmsgaGVyZS4NCj4gDQo+IEZpcnN0IG9mIGFsbCwgSSB0aGluayB0aGVyZSB3YXMgYSBt
aXN1bmRlcnN0YW5kaW5nIGhlcmUuIEZpcnN0LCB5b3VyIGFzc3VtcHRpb24NCj4gb24gVk5DIHJl
Y2VpdmluZyBhY3R1YWwgdW5kZXJseWluZyB0b3BvbG9neSBpcyBpbmNvcnJlY3QuIElmIFZOQyB3
ZXJlIHRvIGhhdmUNCj4gYWN0dWFsbHkgdG9wb2xvZ3kgKGUuZy4gVEVEKSBvZiBhIG5ldHdvcmss
IHRoaXMgd291bGQgYmUgY2FsbGVkIGEgUE5DIGFuZCB0aGlzDQo+IGlzIG91dCBvZiBzY29wZSBv
ZiBBQ1ROLiBUaGlzIGFzcGVjdCBoYXMgYmVlbiBkaXNjdXNzZWQgYnkgZW1haWwgdGhyZWFkcw0K
PiBEYW5pZWxlIHN0YXJ0ZWQgYSBmZXcgd2Vla3MgYWdvLiBDaGVjayB0aGUgYXJjaGl2ZSBvbiB0
aGF0LiBUaGUgcmVhc29uIHRoaXMNCj4gaXMgb3V0IG9mIHNjb3BlIGlzIHRoYXQgUE5DIG11bHRp
LWRvbWFpbiBpc3N1ZSBpcyBubyBkaWZmZXJlbnQgZnJvbSB0b2RheeKAmXMNCj4gR01QTFMvUENF
IGlzc3VlLCBlc3BlY2lhbGx5IGluIGxpZ2h0IG9mIEgtUENFLiBBQ1ROIGRvZXMgbm90IHN0ZXAg
b24gdGhvc2UNCj4gYXJlYXMuIFdoYXQgVk5DIHJlY2VpdmVzIGZyb20gZWFjaCBQTkMgKGRvbWFp
biBjb250cm9sbGVyKSBpcyBhbiBhYnN0cmFjdGVkDQo+IHRvcG9sb2d5IHdpdGggdmFyeWluZyBk
ZWdyZWVzIGZyb20gYWN0dWFsIHVuZGVybHlpbmcgdG9wb2xvZ3kuIFRoZSByZWFzb24NCj4gd2h5
IHdlIGRpc3Rpbmd1aXNoIHRoZSB0ZXJtIFZOQyBmcm9tIFBOQy4NCj4gDQo+IFdoYXQgY2FuIGJl
IGRlZmluZWQgb24gVk5DLVBOQyBpcyBhIHZlcnRpY2FsIHNpZ25hbGluZyBjb29yZGluYXRpb24g
ZnJvbQ0KPiBWTkMgdG8gZWFjaCBQTkMuIEFzIGxvbmcgYXMgdGhlIGRldGFpbGVkIHBhdGggY29t
cHV0YXRpb24gYW5kIHNpZ25hbGluZw0KPiB3aXRoaW4gYSBkb21haW4gYXJlIGNvbXBsZXRlbHkg
dXAgdG8gdGhlIGRvbWFpbiBQTkMuIFZOQyBpcyBub3QgdG8gYmUNCj4gb3BlcmF0ZWQgb24gdGhl
IHNhbWUgbGV2ZWwgYXMgUE5DLiBJdHMgZW5kLXRvLWVuZCBwYXRoIGNvbXB1dGF0aW9uIGlzDQo+
IGJhc2VkIG9uIHdoYXQgaXMgZXhwb3NlZCBmcm9tIFBOQ3MgdG8gVk5DLiBUaGUgYWN0dWFsIHRv
cG9sb2d5DQo+IGluZm9ybWF0aW9uIGRldGFpbHMgaXMga2VwdCBieSBQTkNzIGFuZCB0aGUgUE5D
cyBleHBvc2UgYWJzdHJhY3RlZCB0b3BvbG9neQ0KPiB0aGF0IGNhbiBoaWRlIHRoZSBleGFjdCBk
ZXRhaWxzIHdoaWxlIGV4cG9zaW5nIGEgbWluaW11bSBsZXZlbCBvZiBjb25zdHJhaW50cy4NCj4g
Rm9yIGluc3RhbmNlLCB0aGUgU1JMRyBvZiB2aXJ0dWFsIGxpbmtzICh3aGljaCBtYXkgYmUgY29u
Y2F0ZW5hdGVkIGFjdHVhbA0KPiBsaW5rcykgY2FuIGJlIGV4cG9zZWQgZm9yIGRpdmVyc2l0eSBy
b3V0aW5nIGNhbGN1bGF0aW9uIGF0IHRoZSBWTkMuIFRoaXMgaXMgdmVyeQ0KPiBkaWZmZXJlbnQg
ZnJvbSBleHBvc2luZyB0aGUgYWN0dWFsIFRFIHRvcG9sb2d5LiBZb3UgY2FuIHZpZXcgdGhpcyBh
cyB0d28gbGV2ZWwNCj4gb2YgcGF0aCBjb21wdXRhdGlvbi4gVk5DIGZpcnN0IGNvbXB1dGVzIGFu
IGVuZC10by1lbmQgcGF0aCAodXNpbmcNCj4gd2hhdGV2ZXIgY29uc3RyYWludCBpbmZvcm1hdGlv
biBpdCBoYXMpLCB0aGVuIGNvb3JkaW5hdGVzIHdpdGggZWFjaCBQTkMNCj4gKHRlbGxpbmcgdGhl
IGJvcmRlciBub2RlcyBpbmZvcm1hdGlvbiksIHRoZW4gZWFjaCBQTkMgY29tcHV0ZXMgdGhlIGRv
bWFpbg0KPiBzcGVjaWZpYyBwYXRoLiBXaGVuIGEgUE5DIGNhbm5vdCBwcm92aWRlIGEgcGF0aCBz
ZWdtZW50IGluIGl0cyBkb21haW4sIHRoZW4NCj4gdGhpcyBuZWVkcyB0byBiZSBzaWduYWxlZCB0
byBWTkMgc28gdGhhdCB0aGUgVk5DIHdvdWxkIGFycmFuZ2UgYW4gYWx0ZXJuYXRlDQo+IHBhdGgg
c2VnbWVudCB0byBiZSBhYmxlIHRvIGZpbmQgYSBmZWFzaWJsZSBlbmQtdG8tZW5kIHBhdGguICBJ
IHdvdWxkIHNheSB0aGlzDQo+IGlzIGEg4oCcdHdvLXBoYXNl4oCdIHNpZ25hbGluZyBhbmQgcGF0
aCBjb21wdXRhdGlvbi4gVGhlIHBvaW50IGlzIHRoYXQgdGhlcmUgbXVzdA0KPiBiZSBzb21lIGxl
dmVsIG9mIGhpZGluZyBvbiBhYnN0cmFjdCB0b3BvbG9neSBleHBvc3VyZSBmcm9tIFBOQyB0byBW
TkMgYW5kDQo+IHByb3ByaWV0YXJ5IGNoYXJhY3RlcmlzdGljcyBvZiBvcHRpY2FsIGRldmljZXMg
bmVlZCB0byBiZSBkZWFsdCBvbmx5IHdpdGggdGhlDQo+IGNvcnJlc3BvbmRpbmcgUE5DLg0KPiAN
Cj4gUmVnYXJkaW5nIHRoZSB0ZXJtIFBOQyB2cy4gQU5DLCBJIHdvdWxkbuKAmXQgY29uY2VybiB0
b28gbXVjaCBhYm91dCB0aGUNCj4gdGVybWlub2xvZ3kgd2hpY2hldmVyIHdvcmtzIGJldHRlci4g
VGhhbmsgeW91IGZvciB5b3VyIHN1Z2dlc3Rpb24uDQo+IA0KPiBMYXN0bHksIHBsZWFzZSBjaGVj
ayB0aGUgdXNlLWNhc2VzIHdyaXR0ZW4gYnkgb3BlcmF0b3JzIGluIHRoZSBiZWxvdyBsaW5rcw0K
PiB0aGF0IGNvbnNpc3RlbnRseSBzYXkgdGhleSBuZWVkIGEgc3RhbmRhcmQgaW50ZXJmYWNlIHRo
YXQgY2FuIGNvb3JkaW5hdGUgdGhlaXINCj4gbXVsdGktZG9tYWluIGlzc3Vlcy4NCj4gDQo+IGh0
dHBzOi8vZGF0YXRyYWNrZXIuaWV0Zi5vcmcvZG9jL2RyYWZ0LWZhbmctYWN0bi1tdWx0aWRvbWFp
bi1kY2kvDQo+IGh0dHBzOi8vZGF0YXRyYWNrZXIuaWV0Zi5vcmcvZG9jL2RyYWZ0LWtsZWUtYWN0
bi1jb25uZWN0aXZpdHktbXVsdGktdmVuZG9yLQ0KPiBkb21haW5zLw0KPiBodHRwczovL2RhdGF0
cmFja2VyLmlldGYub3JnL2RvYy9kcmFmdC1rdW1ha2ktYWN0bi1tdWx0aXRlbmFudC12bm8vDQo+
IGh0dHBzOi8vZGF0YXRyYWNrZXIuaWV0Zi5vcmcvZG9jL2RyYWZ0LWxvcGV6LWFjdG4tdm5vLW11
bHRpZG9tYWlucy8NCj4gaHR0cHM6Ly9kYXRhdHJhY2tlci5pZXRmLm9yZy9kb2MvZHJhZnQtc2hp
bi1hY3RuLW12bm8tbXVsdGktZG9tYWluLw0KPiANCj4gUmVnYXJkcywNCj4gWW91bmcNCj4gDQo+
IFRoYW5rcywNCj4gWW91bmcNCj4gDQo+IA0KPiBGcm9tOiBJZ29yIEJyeXNraW4gW21haWx0bzpJ
QnJ5c2tpbkBhZHZhb3B0aWNhbC5jb21dDQo+IFNlbnQ6IFRodXJzZGF5LCBPY3RvYmVyIDA5LCAy
MDE0IDE6NDggUE0NCj4gVG86IEJFTE9UVEksIFNFUkdJTyAoU0VSR0lPKTsgTGVleW91bmc7DQo+
IGFjdG5AaWV0Zi5vcmc8bWFpbHRvOmFjdG5AaWV0Zi5vcmc+OyBEYW5pZWxlIENlY2NhcmVsbGk7
DQo+IGRpZWdvQHRpZC5lczxtYWlsdG86ZGllZ29AdGlkLmVzPjsNCj4gbHV5dWFuZkBnbWFpbC5j
b208bWFpbHRvOmx1eXVhbmZAZ21haWwuY29tPg0KPiBDYzogVmFybWEsIEV2ZSBMIChFdmUpDQo+
IFN1YmplY3Q6IFJFOiBkcmFmdC1jZWNjYXJlbGxpLWFjdG4tZnJhbWV3b3JrLTAzLnR4dCBjb21t
ZW50cw0KPiANCj4gSGkgWW91bmcsDQo+IA0KPiBJIGJlbGlldmUgaGF2aW5nIHRoZSBzYW1lIGlu
c3RhbmNlIG9mIFZOQyB0YWxraW5nIHRvIGRpZmZlcmVudCB2ZW5kb3IgZG9tYWluDQo+IFBOQ3Mg
aXMgYW4gZXh0cmVtZWx5ICBpZGVhbGlzdGljIHZpZXcuDQo+IA0KPiA9PT09PiBCVFcgSSBmaW5k
IFBOQyBpcyBhIGJhZCB0ZXJtLCBJIGxpa2UgbXVjaCBiZXR0ZXIgQWN0dWFsIE5ldHdvcmsNCj4g
Q29udHJvbGxlciAgKEFOQykuIFZOQyAoYS5rLmEuIGEgSHlwZXJ2aXNvcikgaXMgbWFuYWdpbmcg
YWJzdHJhY3QgdG9wb2xvZ2llcywNCj4gYW5kIHRvIGJlIGFibGUgZG8gdGhhdCwgaXQgdGFsa3Mg
dG8gYSBBTkMtIGEgY29udHJvbGxlciB3aGljaCBoYXMgYW4gYWNjZXNzIGFuZA0KPiBtYW5hZ2Vz
IGFjdHVhbCBwcm92aWRlciBuZXR3b3JrKS4NCj4gDQo+IE9uZSByZWFzb24gZm9yIHRoaXMgaXMg
dGhhdCBWTkMgbmVlZHMgdG8gdW5kZXJzdGFuZCB1bmRlcmx5aW5nIGFjdHVhbA0KPiB0b3BvbG9n
eSwgZm9yIGV4YW1wbGUsIHRvIGVuc3VyZSB0aGF0IHR3byBhYnN0cmFjdCBURSBsaW5rcyBhcmUg
U1JMRyBkaXNqb2ludA0KPiBhcyByZXF1ZXN0ZWQuIEFjdHVhbCB0b3BvbG9neSBzZW1hbnRpY3Mg
KGVzcGVjaWFsbHkgaW4gV0RNIGxheWVyKSBpcyB2ZXJ5DQo+IGRpZmZlcmVudCBmcm9tIHZlbmRv
ciB0byB2ZW5kb3IgYW5kIGNvbnRhaW5zIGEgZ3JlYXQgdmFyaWV0eSBvZiBwcm9wcmlldGFyeQ0K
PiBleHRlbnNpb25zLCBmYWlsaW5nIHRvIHVuZGVyc3RhbmQgd2hpY2ggbGVhZHMgdG8gcHJvZHVj
aW5nIHVucHJvdmlzaW9uYWJsZQ0KPiBzZXJ2aWNlIHBhdGhzLiBEbyB5b3UgcmVhbGx5IGJlbGll
dmUgdGhhdCBhIHNpbmdsZSBWTkMgY2FuIHRhbGsgaW4gdGhlIHNhbWUNCj4gd2F5IHRvIEFEVkEs
IElORk4sIEFMVSBhbmQgSHVhd2VpIEFOQ3M/IFRoaXMgaXMgZXF1aXZhbGVudCB0byBhc2sgYWxs
DQo+IG9wdGljYWwgcHJvdmlkZXJzIHRvIHN3aXRjaCB0byBXU09OIDo9KS4NCj4gDQo+IFRoaXMg
aXMgbm90IHRvIHNheSB0aGF0IHlvdSBjYW5ub3QgYnVpbGQgYSBoaWVyYXJjaHkgb2YgVk5Dcywg
YnV0IGluIHRoaXMgY2FzZQ0KPiBOb3J0aCBWTkMgcGxheXMgcm9sZSBvZiBhIGNsaWVudCBuZXR3
b3JrIGNvbnRyb2xsZXIgd3J0IHRvIFNvdXRoIFZOQywgdGhhdCBpcywNCj4gdXNlcyB0aGUgc2Ft
ZSBYIGludGVyZmFjZS4NCj4gSUhNTyB3aGVuZXZlciBhIFZOQyBoYXMgdG8gdGFsayB0byBhIEFO
QywgaXQgZG9lcyBzbyBpbiBhIHByb3ByaWV0YXJ5IHdheSwNCj4gaS5lLiBBRFZBLCBJTkZOLCBB
TFUgYW5kIEh1YXdlaSB3aWxsIGhhdmUgdGhlaXIgb3duIFZOQ3MgZXhwb3NpbmcgdGhlDQo+IHNh
bWUgbm9ydGggYm91bmQgaW50ZXJmYWNlIHRvIHBvdGVudGlhbGx5IHRoZSBzYW1lIGNsaWVudCAo
ZS5nLlRGSykuDQo+IElITU8gaW50ZXJmYWNlIFggaXMgdGhlIG9ubHkgaW50ZXJmYWNlIHRoYXQg
dGhlIEFDVE4gY2FuIHdvcmsgb24uDQo+IA0KPiBDaGVlcnMsDQo+IElnb3INCj4gDQo+IEZyb206
IEFDVE4gW21haWx0bzphY3RuLWJvdW5jZXNAaWV0Zi5vcmddIE9uIEJlaGFsZiBPZiBCRUxPVFRJ
LCBTRVJHSU8NCj4gKFNFUkdJTykNCj4gU2VudDogVGh1cnNkYXksIE9jdG9iZXIgMDksIDIwMTQg
NTo1OSBBTQ0KPiBUbzogTGVleW91bmc7IGFjdG5AaWV0Zi5vcmc8bWFpbHRvOmFjdG5AaWV0Zi5v
cmc+OyBEYW5pZWxlIENlY2NhcmVsbGk7DQo+IGRpZWdvQHRpZC5lczxtYWlsdG86ZGllZ29AdGlk
LmVzPjsNCj4gbHV5dWFuZkBnbWFpbC5jb208bWFpbHRvOmx1eXVhbmZAZ21haWwuY29tPg0KPiBD
YzogQkVMT1RUSSwgU0VSR0lPIChTRVJHSU8pOyBWYXJtYSwgRXZlIEwgKEV2ZSkNCj4gU3ViamVj
dDogUmU6IFtBY3RuXSBkcmFmdC1jZWNjYXJlbGxpLWFjdG4tZnJhbWV3b3JrLTAzLnR4dCBjb21t
ZW50cw0KPiANCj4gSGkgWW91bmcsDQo+IA0KPiB0aGFua3MgYSBsb3QgZm9yIHJlcGx5ICwgcGxl
YXNlIHNlZSBpbiBsaW5lIGp1c3Qgc29tZSBmdXJ0aGVyIGNsYXJpZmljYXRpb24NCj4gDQo+IFJl
Z2FyZHMNCj4gU2VyZ2lvDQo+IA0KPiANCj4gDQo+IEZyb206IExlZXlvdW5nIFttYWlsdG86bGVl
eW91bmdAaHVhd2VpLmNvbV0NCj4gU2VudDogbWVyY29sZWTDrCA4IG90dG9icmUgMjAxNCAxNzoz
NQ0KPiBUbzogQkVMT1RUSSwgU0VSR0lPIChTRVJHSU8pOyBhY3RuQGlldGYub3JnPG1haWx0bzph
Y3RuQGlldGYub3JnPjsgRGFuaWVsZQ0KPiBDZWNjYXJlbGxpOyBkaWVnb0B0aWQuZXM8bWFpbHRv
OmRpZWdvQHRpZC5lcz47DQo+IGx1eXVhbmZAZ21haWwuY29tPG1haWx0bzpsdXl1YW5mQGdtYWls
LmNvbT4NCj4gQ2M6IFZhcm1hLCBFdmUgTCAoRXZlKQ0KPiBTdWJqZWN0OiBSRTogZHJhZnQtY2Vj
Y2FyZWxsaS1hY3RuLWZyYW1ld29yay0wMy50eHQgY29tbWVudHMNCj4gDQo+IEhpIFNlcmdpbywN
Cj4gDQo+IFRoYW5rcyBmb3IgeW91ciBmZWVkYmFjayBvbiB0aGUgZnJhbWV3b3JrIGRvY3VtZW50
LiBQbGVhc2Ugc2VlIGluLWxpbmUgZm9yDQo+IG15IGNvbW1lbnQuDQo+IA0KPiBSZWdhcmRzLA0K
PiBZb3VuZw0KPiANCj4gRnJvbTogQkVMT1RUSSwgU0VSR0lPIChTRVJHSU8pIFttYWlsdG86c2Vy
Z2lvLmJlbG90dGlAYWxjYXRlbC1sdWNlbnQuY29tXQ0KPiBTZW50OiBXZWRuZXNkYXksIE9jdG9i
ZXIgMDgsIDIwMTQgNzozNCBBTQ0KPiBUbzogYWN0bkBpZXRmLm9yZzxtYWlsdG86YWN0bkBpZXRm
Lm9yZz47IERhbmllbGUgQ2VjY2FyZWxsaTsgTGVleW91bmc7DQo+IGRpZWdvQHRpZC5lczxtYWls
dG86ZGllZ29AdGlkLmVzPjsNCj4gbHV5dWFuZkBnbWFpbC5jb208bWFpbHRvOmx1eXVhbmZAZ21h
aWwuY29tPg0KPiBDYzogQkVMT1RUSSwgU0VSR0lPIChTRVJHSU8pOyBWYXJtYSwgRXZlIEwgKEV2
ZSkNCj4gU3ViamVjdDogZHJhZnQtY2VjY2FyZWxsaS1hY3RuLWZyYW1ld29yay0wMy50eHQgY29t
bWVudHMNCj4gDQo+IEhpIERhbmllbGUgLCBZb3VuZyBhbmQgYWxsIGF1dGhvcnMsDQo+IA0KPiBJ
IHJlYWQgeW91IEZyYW1ld29yayBkcmFmdCBhbmQgSSBoYXZlIHNvbWUgY29tbWVudHMgb24gdGhh
dC4gTW9zdCBhcmUNCj4gZWRpdG9yaWFsICwgb3RoZXIgcXVlc3Rpb25zIGZvciBjbGFyaWZpY2F0
aW9ucy4NCj4gDQo+IEdlbmVyYWwgcXVlc3Rpb246IGluIHRoZSBkcmFmdCB0aGUgY29uY2VwdCBv
ZiBWTkMgaXMgaW4gdGhlIHZpZXcgb2YNCj4gaGllcmFyY2hpY2FsIGxldmVsIG9mIGNvbnRyb2xs
ZXJzIG9yIGxpbmtlZCB0byB0aGUgbXVsdGktZG9tYWluIGFzcGVjdCB0aGF0DQo+IGNvbXBlbCB0
byBwcm92aWRlIHRvIHRoZSBjdXN0b21lciBhIHNpbmdsZSB2aXJ0dWFsaXplZCBuZXR3b3JrIGV2
ZW4gaWYNCj4gY29tcG9zZWQgYnkgcmVhbCBtdWx0aS1kb21haW4gbXVsdGktdGVjaG5vbG9neSBz
dWJuZXR3b3Jrcz8gSSBtZWFuLCB0aGUNCj4g4oCcdmlydHVhbGl6ZXIgZnVuY3Rpb27igJ0gcHJv
dmlkZWQgYnkgVk5DLCBpbiBjYXNlIG9mIGEgc2luZ2xlIGRvbWFpbiBjb250ZXh0DQo+IGNvdWxk
IGJlIGluc2lkZSBkaXJlY3RseSB0aGUgUE5DICwgY29ycmVjdD8NCj4gDQo+IFlPVU5HPj4gWWVz
LiBUaGF0IGlzIHRoZSBjb3JyZWN0IHZpZXcgb2YgVk5DLiBGb3IgYSBzaW5nbGUgZG9tYWluIGNv
bnRleHQsDQo+IHRoZSBWTkMgY2FuIGJlIGludGVncmF0ZWQgd2l0aCBQTkMuIEJ1dCB3ZSBuZWVk
IHRvIGZhY3RvciBpbiBvdGhlcg0KPiBzY2VuYXJpb3Mgc3VjaCBhcyAxKSBWTkMgdmVuZG9yIG1h
eSBiZSBkaWZmZXJlbnQgZnJvbSBQTkMgdmVuZG9yIG9yIDIpDQo+IFZOQyBpcyBhIHNvZnR3YXJl
IGZ1bmN0aW9uIHRoYXQgb3BlcmF0b3IgbWF5IHdhbnQgdG8gb3BlcmF0ZSBhcyBpdHMgY29udHJv
bC4NCj4gSW4gbXkgb3BpbmlvbiwgZXZlbiBmb3IgYSBzaW5nbGUgZG9tYWluLCBJIHRoaW5rIHRo
ZXJlIGlzIGJlbmVmaXQgdG8gZGVmaW5lIHRoaXMNCj4gaW50ZXJmYWNlIGFzIGEgc3RhbmRhcmQg
aW50ZXJmYWNlLg0KPiANCj4gU2VjdGlvbiAyICwgcGFnZSA0Og0KPiBhYnN0cmFjdGlvbiBkb2Vz
IG5vdCBpbXBseSBhdXRvbWF0aWNhbGx5IHZpcnR1YWxpemF0aW9uLHdoaWxlIHZpcnR1YWxpemF0
aW9uDQo+IGltcGxpZXMgdG8gaGF2ZSBzdXJlbHkgYSBjZXJ0YWluIGZvcm0gb2YgYWJzdHJhY3Rp
b24uIEkgd291bGQgc3VnZ2VzdCB0bw0KPiBjb25zaWRlciBnb29kIGRlZmluaXRpb24gY29udGFp
bmVkIGludG8gT05GIFNETiBhcmNoaXRlY3R1cmUgZG9jdW1lbnQNCj4gY2hhcHRlciAyLjMgQ29u
dmVudGlvbnMgYWJvdXQgYWJzdHJhY3Rpb24gYW5kIHZpcnR1YWxpemF0aW9uLiBBIGdvb2QNCj4g
ZGVmaW5pdGlvbiBjYW4gaGVscCBhbGwgdGhlIHJlYWRpbmcuDQo+IA0KPiBZT1VORz4+IEFncmVl
LiBXZSB3aWxsIGxvb2sgaW50byB0aGUgbWVudGlvbmVkIGRvY3VtZW50IGlmIHRoZSB1c2FnZSBv
Zg0KPiB0ZXJtcyBhcmUgYWxpZ25lZCB3aXRoIHRoaXMgZG9jdW1lbnQuIElmIG5vdCwgd2Ugd2ls
bCBjbGFyaWZ5IHRoZSB0ZXJtaW5vbG9neQ0KPiBtb3JlIGNsZWFybHkuDQo+IA0KPiBTZWN0aW9u
IDU6IEl0IHNlZW1zIHRvIG1lIHlvdSBtaXhlZCBoZXJlIGFzcGVjdHMgdGhhdCBhcmUgbW9yZSBy
ZWxhdGVkIHRvDQo+IHBvbGljeSBsaWtlIGFkbWlzc2lvbiBjb250cm9sICBhbmQgZ3VhcmFudGVl
IG9mIGNsaWVudCBpc29sYXRpb24gd2l0aCByZWFsDQo+IGNvbXB1dGF0aW9uYWwgaXNzdWUgbGlr
ZSBDb21wdXRpbmcgdGltZSAsIHBhdGggY29uc3RyYWlucyBvciByZS1vcHRpbWl6YXRpb24NCj4g
cHJvY2Vzcy4gTW9yZW92ZXIgdGhlIHRlcm0gVk5NIGZvciBWaXJ0dWFsIG5ldHdvcmsgbWFwcGlu
ZyBpcyBhIGJpdA0KPiBtaXNsZWFkaW5nIHNpbmNlIHRoaXMgdGVybSBpbiBhbHJlYWR5IHVzZWQg
ZS5nLiBpbiBBQk5PIGFyY2hpdGVjdHVyZSBmb3INCj4gVmlydHVhbCBOZXR3b3JrIE1hbmFnZXIu
DQo+IA0KPiBZT1VORz4+IEluZGVlZC4gSW4gU2VjdGlvbiA1LCB3ZSB3aWxsIHB1dCBzb21lIG5v
dGVzIG9uIHRoZSBhc3BlY3Qgb2YgcmVhbC0NCj4gdGltZSByZWxhdGVkIGZyb20gbm9uIHJlYWwg
dGltZSBhc3BlY3QuIFZOTSBpcyBub3QgdG8gYmUgbWl4ZWQgd2l0aCBWaXJ0dWFsDQo+IE5ldHdv
cmsgTWFuYWdlci4gSGVyZSBWTk0gaXMgYW4gYWxnb3JpdGhtIHdoaWNoIGlzIGtub3duIGFzIFZp
cnR1YWwNCj4gTmV0d29yayBNYXBwaW5nIHdoaWNoIGlzIGEgc29mdHdhcmUgbW9kdWxlIHRoYXQg
Y29udmVydHMgY2xpZW50IHJlcXVlc3RzDQo+IGludG8gYWN0dWFsIG5ldHdvcmtzLiBWaXJ0dWFs
IE5ldHdvcmsgTWFuYWdlciBpcyBBQk5PIGluIG15IHVuZGVyc3RhbmRpbmcNCj4gaXMgYSBkZXZl
bG9wZWQgY29uY2VwdCBmcm9tIFZOVE0uIEJ1dCBEYW4gS2luZyBhbmQgSSB3aWxsIGxvb2sgYXQg
dGhpcyBtb3JlDQo+IGNhcmVmdWxseSBvbiB0aGlzIGFzcGVjdCB3aGF0IFZpcnR1YWwgTmV0d29y
ayBNYW5hZ2VyIGlzIGRvaW5nLg0KPiANCj4gU0I+Pj4gSWYgSSB1bmRlcnN0b29kIGZvcm0gQWRy
aWFuIGFuZCBEYW5pZWwgQUJOTyBkcmFmdCB0aGUgY29uY2VwdCwNCj4gU0I+Pj4gVk5UTSBpcyBz
dHJpY3RseSByZWxhdGVkIHRvIHBsYW5uaW5nIGZ1bmN0aW9uIHNvIEkgdGhpcyBpdCBpcyB2ZXJ5
DQo+IFNCPj4+IGltcG9ydCBwb2ludCBpbiB0aGUgY29udGV4dCBvZiBQTkMgLCBJIHdvdWxkIHNh
eQ0KPiANCj4gU2VjdGlvbiA2LjEgOiB3aGlsZSBpdCBpcyBjbGVhciB0aGUgc2NvcGUgb2YgdGhl
IGRpZmZlcmVudCBjb250cm9sIGludGVyZmFjZQ0KPiBwcmVzZW50ZWQgaW4gZmlndXJlIDUsIEni
gJltIGEgYml0IGNvbmZ1c2VkIGFzIHRvIHdoYXQgSS9GIEUgaXMg4oCTIGRhdGEgcGxhbmUNCj4g
aW50ZXJmYWNlIHRvIHByb3ZpZGVyIHBoeXNpY2FsIG5ldHdvcms/IE9yIGlzIHRoZSBpbnRlbnRp
b24gdG8gcHJvdmlkZSB3aGF0DQo+IGNhbiBiZSB0aGUgdW5kZXJseWluZyBtb2RlbCBvZiByZXNv
dXJjZXMgYWxsb2NhdGVkIHRvIGEgY3VzdG9tZXIgZnJvbQ0KPiBuZXR3b3JrIHByb3ZpZGVyIGNv
bnRyb2xsZXIsIGFuZCB0aGUgbWFwcGluZyB0byByZWFsIHBoeXNpY2FsIHJlc291cmNlcyA/DQo+
IE5vciBjbGVhciB0byBtZSB0aGUgaW50ZW50aW9uDQo+IA0KPiBZT1VORz4+IEludGVyZmFjZSBF
IGlzIG5vdCB3aGF0IEFDVE4gd2lsbCBmb2N1cyBvbi4gSXQgc2ltcGx5IHNob3dzICBhbg0KPiB1
bmRlcmx5aW5nIG1vZGVsIG9mIHJlc291cmNlcyBhbGxvY2F0ZWQgdG8gYSBjdXN0b21lciBmcm9t
IG5ldHdvcmsNCj4gcHJvdmlkZXIgY29udHJvbGxlciwgYW5kIHRoZSBtYXBwaW5nIHRvIHJlYWwg
cGh5c2ljYWwgcmVzb3VyY2VzLg0KPiANCj4gU0I+Pj4gU28gaWYgSSBpbnRlcnByZXRlZCBjb3Jy
ZWN0bHkgeW91ciBhbnN3ZXIgaXMgbW9yZSBhbiBpbnRlcm5hbCBpbnRlcmZhY2UNCj4gdG8gUE5D
ICwgdGhlIGZpZ3VyZSBpcyBtaXNsZWFkaW5nIHNpbmNlIGl0IHNlZW1zIGxpa2UgYSBEUCBpbnRl
cmZhY2UgLg0KPiANCj4gDQo+IFNlY3Rpb24gNi4xLCBhbHdheXMgZmlndXJlIDU6IElmIGEgcmVw
b3J0IG9mIHBvdGVudGlhbCBOVyB0b3BvbG9neSBiZXR3ZWVuIGENCj4gVk5DIGFuZCBhIENOQyBj
YW4gYmUgcXVlcmllZCAsIHRoZSBhcnJvdyBpbiB0aGUgZHJhd24gaGFzIHRvIGJlDQo+IGJpZGly
ZWN0aW9uYWwgSSBndWVzcw0KPiANCj4gWU9VTkc+PiBZZXMsIFlvdSBhcmUgcmlnaHQuIEl0IHdp
bGwgYmUgZml4ZWQuDQo+IA0KPiBGaWd1cmUgOCBTZWN0aW9uIDYuNCxwYWdlIDI4OiDigJxQQ0Eg
YWJzdHJhY3RzIHRoZSBwaHlzaWNhbCBuZXR3b3JrIHRvcG9sb2d5DQo+IGludG8gYW4gYWJzdHJh
Y3RlZCB0b3BvbG9neeKAnSBMb29raW5nIGF0IHRoZSBkZXNjcmlwdGlvbiBvZiBWTkMgY29tcG9u
ZW50cw0KPiBpbiA2LjIuMiBpdCBpcyB0aGUgcmVzb3VyY2UgbWFuYWdlciBkZXZvdGluZyB0byBw
cm92aWRlIGFic3RyYWN0IHRvcG9sb2d5Lg0KPiBEb2VzIG5vdCBleGlzdCBhbnkgUENBIGNvbXBv
bmVudC4NCj4gDQo+IA0KPiANCj4gWU9VTkc+PiBTb3JyeSBmb3IgaW5jb25zaXN0ZW5jeS4gVGhl
IGludGVudGlvbiB3YXMgdGhlIFBDQSBpcyB0aGUgc2FtZSBhcw0KPiB0aGUgUmVzb3VyY2UgTWFu
YWdlciBpbiBWTkMuIFdpbGwgbWFrZSB0aGUgdGVybSBjb25zaXN0ZW50LiBHb29kIGNhdGNoIQ0K
PiANCj4gDQo+IA0KPiBGaWd1cmUgOCBTRWN0aW9uIDYuNCwgOiBJbiB0aGUgcGljdHVyZSB0aGVy
ZSBpcyBubyBwaGFzZSA3LCBhbmQgdGhlcmUgYXJlIDIgcGhhc2UNCj4gOA0KPiANCj4gWU9VTkc+
PiBUaGFua3MuIEdvb2QgY2F0Y2ghDQo+IA0KPiBQYWdlIDMwIDogSXQgaXMgSW50ZXJmYWNlIEMg
bm90IEIgLCBiZXR3ZWVuIFZOQyBhbmQgUE5DDQo+IA0KPiBZT1VORz4+IElmIHlvdSBhcmUgcmVm
ZXJyaW5nIHRvIFNlY3Rpb24gNy4zIHdoZXJlOg0KPiANCj4gICAgSW50ZXJmYWNlcyBzaG91bGQg
YWxzbyBiZSBzY2FsYWJsZSBhcyBhIGxhcmdlIGFtb3VudCBvZiBkYXRhIG5lZWRzDQo+IA0KPiAg
ICB0byBiZSB0cmFuc3BvcnRlZCBhY3Jvc3MgY3VzdG9tZXJzIHRvIHZpcnR1YWwgbmV0d29yayBj
b250cm9sbGVycw0KPiANCj4gICAgYW5kIGFjcm9zcyB2aXJ0dWFsIG5ldHdvcmsgY29udHJvbGxl
cnMgYW5kIHBoeXNpY2FsIG5ldHdvcmsNCj4gDQo+ICAgIGNvbnRyb2xsZXJzLg0KPiANCj4gDQo+
IA0KPiBJIHRoaW5rIHRoaXMgaW1wbGllcyBib3RoIGludGVyZmFjZXMgQiBhbmQgQyBhbHRob3Vn
aCBwcmltYXJpbHkgYmV0d2VlbiBWTkMtDQo+IFBOQy4NCj4gDQo+IA0KPiANCj4gU0I+Pj4gU29y
cnkgWW91bmcsIGlpdCBpcyBub3QgcmVmZXJyZWQgdG8gNy4zICwgYnV0IGluIHRoZSBjaGFwdGVy
IDYsNSAsDQo+IFNCPj4+IG9uIEludGVyZmFjZSBpbnRlcmFjdGlvbiwgYWZ0ZXIgcG9pbnQgNiwg
aXMgaW5kaWNhdGVkIEludGVyZmFjZSBCDQo+IFNCPj4+IGFzIGludGVyZmFjZSBiZXR3ZWVuIFZO
QyBhbmQgUE5DLCBmaWd1cmUgNSBzYXlzIGl0IGlzIEkvRiBDDQo+IA0KPiANCj4gVGhhbmtzDQo+
IA0KPiBTZXJnaW8NCj4gDQo+IA0KPiBUaGFua3MNCj4gU2VyZ2lvDQo=


From nobody Tue Oct 14 06:35:44 2014
Return-Path: <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7C3881A885D for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 06:35:41 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.686
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.686 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id xIbbB9qHhF21 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 06:35:30 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from mail3.advaoptical.com (mail3.advaoptical.com [74.202.24.82]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 9432E1A8704 for <actn@ietf.org>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 06:35:29 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com [172.16.5.39]) by atl-vs-fsmail.advaoptical.com (8.14.5/8.14.5) with ESMTP id s9EDZEmi002812 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=FAIL); Tue, 14 Oct 2014 09:35:14 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX2.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.46) by atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.39) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.181.6; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 09:35:13 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) by ATL-SRV-MBX2.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.46) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1044.5; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 09:35:13 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1]) by ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1%14]) with mapi id 15.00.1044.003; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 09:35:13 -0400
From: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
To: Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "King, Daniel" <d.king@lancaster.ac.uk>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAAEL75AAAFbsYAACSWiYAAaCV2gAAzP9CAAiCNVYAACSweQAA4f0GAABoqa9AAUUWIAAAD4nwAABk9WQA==
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 13:35:12 +0000
Message-ID: <ac28c37867084776a2c80f94e68052f0@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36@dfweml706-chm> <65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248@EX-0-MB2.lancs.local> <58713f40bbb24e379d6dc56ea85af0af@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3AE@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se> <4003c11315234da8944051d37e30c796@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546A08@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <d5d45bdf6c444d1e8bf68c6edfeebc7b@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>, <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DB7E@dfweml706-chm> <f64d48f2af6b497091c1b3e74caa94a9@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546D72@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279E6E8@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se>
In-Reply-To: <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279E6E8@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-ms-exchange-transport-fromentityheader: Hosted
x-originating-ip: [172.16.5.49]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=fsecure engine=2.50.10432:5.12.52, 1.0.28,  0.0.0000 definitions=2014-10-14_06:2014-10-14,2014-10-14,1970-01-01 signatures=0
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/38BlxgbqkmkGR-Utl6TYPrE4RLA
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 13:35:41 -0000
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From nobody Tue Oct 14 08:01:15 2014
Return-Path: <leeyoung@huawei.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 571201A88E7 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 08:01:08 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -3.987
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-3.987 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HK_RANDOM_ENVFROM=0.001, HK_RANDOM_FROM=0.999, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id i3pPzrZWK2Ku for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 08:00:57 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from lhrrgout.huawei.com (lhrrgout.huawei.com [194.213.3.17]) (using TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id AC0541A88F6 for <actn@ietf.org>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 08:00:56 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from 172.18.7.190 (EHLO lhreml405-hub.china.huawei.com) ([172.18.7.190]) by lhrrg02-dlp.huawei.com (MOS 4.3.7-GA FastPath queued) with ESMTP id BKN74869; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 15:00:55 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from DFWEML702-CHM.china.huawei.com (10.193.5.72) by lhreml405-hub.china.huawei.com (10.201.5.242) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.158.1; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 16:00:53 +0100
Received: from DFWEML706-CHM.china.huawei.com ([10.193.5.225]) by dfweml702-chm ([10.193.5.72]) with mapi id 14.03.0158.001; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 08:00:49 -0700
From: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>
To: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>, "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "King, Daniel" <d.king@lancaster.ac.uk>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAAEL75AAAFbsYAACSWiYAAaCV2gAAzP9CAAiCNVYAACSweQAA4f0GAABoqa9AAgMyeA
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 15:00:49 +0000
Message-ID: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DD44@dfweml706-chm>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36@dfweml706-chm> <65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248@EX-0-MB2.lancs.local> <58713f40bbb24e379d6dc56ea85af0af@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3AE@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se> <4003c11315234da8944051d37e30c796@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546A08@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <d5d45bdf6c444d1e8bf68c6edfeebc7b@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>, <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DB7E@dfweml706-chm> <f64d48f2af6b497091c1b3e74caa94a9@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
In-Reply-To: <f64d48f2af6b497091c1b3e74caa94a9@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [10.192.11.247]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="gb2312"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-CFilter-Loop: Reflected
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/C68gNpCJgbxrmiaMflv8F2_faoI
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 15:01:09 -0000
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From nobody Tue Oct 14 08:08:34 2014
Return-Path: <leeyoung@huawei.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id EF2AA1A8920 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 08:08:09 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -3.987
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-3.987 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HK_RANDOM_ENVFROM=0.001, HK_RANDOM_FROM=0.999, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id 48mXYegnMTIq for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 08:07:54 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from lhrrgout.huawei.com (lhrrgout.huawei.com [194.213.3.17]) (using TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 6B9391A88EC for <actn@ietf.org>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 08:07:51 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from 172.18.7.190 (EHLO lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com) ([172.18.7.190]) by lhrrg02-dlp.huawei.com (MOS 4.3.7-GA FastPath queued) with ESMTP id BKN75480; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 15:07:50 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from DFWEML705-CHM.china.huawei.com (10.193.5.142) by lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com (10.201.5.218) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.158.1; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 16:07:49 +0100
Received: from DFWEML706-CHM.china.huawei.com ([10.193.5.225]) by dfweml705-chm ([10.193.5.142]) with mapi id 14.03.0158.001; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 08:07:42 -0700
From: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>
To: "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, "Igor Bryskin" <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>, Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "King, Daniel" <d.king@lancaster.ac.uk>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAAEL75AAAFbsYAACSWiYAAaCV2gAAzP9CAAiCNVYAACSweQAA4f0GAABoqa9AAUUWIAAAw1vGA=
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 15:07:41 +0000
Message-ID: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DD71@dfweml706-chm>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36@dfweml706-chm> <65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248@EX-0-MB2.lancs.local> <58713f40bbb24e379d6dc56ea85af0af@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3AE@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se> <4003c11315234da8944051d37e30c796@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546A08@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <d5d45bdf6c444d1e8bf68c6edfeebc7b@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>, <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DB7E@dfweml706-chm> <f64d48f2af6b497091c1b3e74caa94a9@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546D72@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com>
In-Reply-To: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546D72@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [10.192.11.247]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-CFilter-Loop: Reflected
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/hSwDpBLnGFi4lwRYqd-79PG7BnU
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 15:08:10 -0000
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From nobody Tue Oct 14 08:11:42 2014
Return-Path: <leeyoung@huawei.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 279061A8901 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 08:11:14 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -3.987
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-3.987 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HK_RANDOM_ENVFROM=0.001, HK_RANDOM_FROM=0.999, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id 4paicQ4pTZj7 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 08:11:04 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from lhrrgout.huawei.com (lhrrgout.huawei.com [194.213.3.17]) (using TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 9D2611A87B0 for <actn@ietf.org>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 08:09:51 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from 172.18.7.190 (EHLO lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com) ([172.18.7.190]) by lhrrg02-dlp.huawei.com (MOS 4.3.7-GA FastPath queued) with ESMTP id BKN75649; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 15:09:50 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from DFWEML702-CHM.china.huawei.com (10.193.5.72) by lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com (10.201.5.218) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.158.1; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 16:09:48 +0100
Received: from DFWEML706-CHM.china.huawei.com ([10.193.5.225]) by dfweml702-chm ([10.193.5.72]) with mapi id 14.03.0158.001; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 08:09:44 -0700
From: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>
To: Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>, "King, Daniel" <d.king@lancaster.ac.uk>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAAEL75AAAFbsYAACSWiYAAaCV2gAAzP9CAAiCNVYAACSweQAA4f0GAABoqa9AAUUWIAAAD4nwAAC18ZIA==
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 15:09:43 +0000
Message-ID: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DD88@dfweml706-chm>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36@dfweml706-chm> <65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248@EX-0-MB2.lancs.local> <58713f40bbb24e379d6dc56ea85af0af@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3AE@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se> <4003c11315234da8944051d37e30c796@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546A08@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <d5d45bdf6c444d1e8bf68c6edfeebc7b@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>, <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DB7E@dfweml706-chm> <f64d48f2af6b497091c1b3e74caa94a9@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546D72@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279E6E8@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se>
In-Reply-To: <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279E6E8@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [10.192.11.247]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-CFilter-Loop: Reflected
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/UGtA6CHBrfyIXFJWDrQdHm-6H_A
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 15:11:14 -0000
X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 15:11:14 -0000
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From nobody Tue Oct 14 08:40:59 2014
Return-Path: <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 710331A8954 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 08:40:55 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.686
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.686 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id v361Xp1Qic7C for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 08:40:42 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from mail3.advaoptical.com (mail3.advaoptical.com [74.202.24.82]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id CA45D1A87B0 for <actn@ietf.org>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 08:40:41 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com [172.16.5.39]) by atl-vs-fsmail.advaoptical.com (8.14.5/8.14.5) with ESMTP id s9EFeViQ004789 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=FAIL); Tue, 14 Oct 2014 11:40:31 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) by atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.39) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.181.6; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 11:40:31 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) by ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1044.5; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 11:40:30 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1]) by ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1%14]) with mapi id 15.00.1044.003; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 11:40:30 -0400
From: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
To: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "BELOTTI, SERGIO (SERGIO)" <sergio.belotti@alcatel-lucent.com>, Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, "King, Daniel" <d.king@lancaster.ac.uk>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>, "diego@tid.es" <diego@tid.es>, "luyuanf@gmail.com" <luyuanf@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
Thread-Index: Ac/i6xUhYJMQCp3kRnKA0n1plOXI1wAGyfbQACfyxMAAEVsAEAAEL75AAAFbsYAACSWiYAAaCV2gAAzP9CAAiCNVYAACSweQAA4f0GAABoqa9AAgMyeAAADcmvA=
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 15:40:30 +0000
Message-ID: <5329da93db694f2685ef35ccbfa01d47@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
References: <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545764@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3C87B@dfweml706-chm> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D545C16@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <874e9d7ce46c40608a6fd9221985fec1@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3CF36@dfweml706-chm> <65174429B5AF4C45BD0798810EC48E0A3236F248@EX-0-MB2.lancs.local> <58713f40bbb24e379d6dc56ea85af0af@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE481279D3AE@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se> <4003c11315234da8944051d37e30c796@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <B9FEE68CE3A78C41A2B3C67549A96F486D546A08@FR711WXCHMBA05.zeu.alcatel-lucent.com> <d5d45bdf6c444d1e8bf68c6edfeebc7b@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>, <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DB7E@dfweml706-chm> <f64d48f2af6b497091c1b3e74caa94a9@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DD44@dfweml706-chm>
In-Reply-To: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DD44@dfweml706-chm>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-ms-exchange-transport-fromentityheader: Hosted
x-originating-ip: [172.16.5.49]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="gb2312"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=fsecure engine=2.50.10432:5.12.52, 1.0.28,  0.0.0000 definitions=2014-10-14_07:2014-10-14,2014-10-14,1970-01-01 signatures=0
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/ZMOwPXAJv-CZpYj6dSxVGsiKP00
Cc: "Varma, Eve L \(Eve\)" <eve.varma@alcatel-lucent.com>
Subject: Re: [Actn] draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03.txt comments
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 15:40:55 -0000
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From nobody Tue Oct 14 10:04:44 2014
Return-Path: <leeyoung@huawei.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DE1351A8AF4 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 10:04:41 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -3.987
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-3.987 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HK_RANDOM_ENVFROM=0.001, HK_RANDOM_FROM=0.999, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.786, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id KP287sEuxGvj for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 10:04:35 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from lhrrgout.huawei.com (lhrrgout.huawei.com [194.213.3.17]) (using TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 50DBA1A8A9C for <actn@ietf.org>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 10:03:43 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from 172.18.7.190 (EHLO lhreml402-hub.china.huawei.com) ([172.18.7.190]) by lhrrg02-dlp.huawei.com (MOS 4.3.7-GA FastPath queued) with ESMTP id BKN84090; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 17:03:41 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from DFWEML705-CHM.china.huawei.com (10.193.5.142) by lhreml402-hub.china.huawei.com (10.201.5.241) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.158.1; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 18:03:40 +0100
Received: from DFWEML706-CHM.china.huawei.com ([10.193.5.225]) by dfweml705-chm ([10.193.5.142]) with mapi id 14.03.0158.001; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 10:03:34 -0700
From: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>
To: Luyuan Fang <lufang@microsoft.com>, Dhruv Dhody <dhruv.ietf@gmail.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03
Thread-Index: AQHP4yKQEHNwyIrIeEunMVCP20GPepwnEPuAgAi0kHA=
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 17:03:34 +0000
Message-ID: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DE80@dfweml706-chm>
References: <CAB75xn792Pp2B476JrsMVOt=_gqSdUJROEDCqTv0sDpn2KER5A@mail.gmail.com> <792aafe99cf649cda84ab8ec7e428d81@BL2PR03MB372.namprd03.prod.outlook.com>
In-Reply-To: <792aafe99cf649cda84ab8ec7e428d81@BL2PR03MB372.namprd03.prod.outlook.com>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [10.192.11.247]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-CFilter-Loop: Reflected
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/cNCyHTwz9liRR44F6EOoH7MmHxM
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 17:04:42 -0000

Hi Dhruv,

As Luyuan has agreed to incorporate your comments, I agree with Luyuan and =
thank you for providing good comment. We will incorporate your comment in t=
he upcoming revision.
Here's some additional comment back to you in-line.

Regards,
Young

-----Original Message-----
From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Luyuan Fang
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2014 2:49 PM
To: Dhruv Dhody; actn@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03

Hi Dhruv,

Appreciate for your feedback, very good comments, we should update the draf=
t to align.
And I'm good to replace the old text with the new text that you suggested i=
n Sec 2. Introduction, it is better.

Thanks,
Luyuan

-----Original Message-----
From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dhruv Dhody
Sent: Wednesday, October 8, 2014 2:06 PM
To: actn@ietf.org
Subject: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03

(1) Sec 1. Terminology
- We should state that the following terms are defined in this document.
- We should also state which terms are borrowed from 4655 and 5440 - PCE, P=
CC, PCEP etc

(2) Sec 2. Introduction
OLD:
   This implies that at least the following transport
   networks are in scope of the discussion of this draft: L1 optical
   networks (e.g., OTN and WDM), MPLS-TP, MPLS-TE, as well as other
   emerging connection-oriented networks such as Segment Routing (SR).
NEW:
   This implies that at least the following transport
   networks are in scope of the discussion of this draft: Layer 1 (L1) and
   Layer 0 (L0) optical networks (e.g., OTN, ODU, Och/WSON), MPLS-TP,
   MPLS-TE, as well as other emerging network technologies with
   connection-oriented behavior.
Reason: to align with charter discussion.

(3) Usage of the term 'virtual network element'; here it means generic elem=
ent that could be a virtual node/link -

   The level of virtual control
   given to the customers can vary from a tunnel connecting two end-
   points to virtual network elements that consist of a set of virtual
   nodes and virtual links in a mesh network topology.

Later, it is also used to mean only virtual nodes at -

   The level of topology abstraction is expressed in terms of
   the number of virtual network elements (VNEs) and virtual links
   (VLs).

Also it is used for Virtual Network Embedding in section 5.

This usage should be made uniform.

YOUNG>> Yes, Virtual network elements ---> Virtual Nodes.=20
YOUNG>> VNE (Virtual Network Embedding) is a known terminology in research =
circle, which I think stands as is.=20


(4) In section 3.1. Customers, it can be clearly stated that we are dealing=
 with the case of "advanced customers" only in ACTN.

(5) In section 6.2.1. Customer Network Controller, it should be figure
6 and not figure 5 that shows an example physical network topology.

(6) In section 6.2.2. Virtual Network Controller, s/consumer controller/cus=
tomer controller/

(7) In section 6.2.3. Physical Network Controller, it says -

      PCE: This is the stateful PCE performing the path computation
        over the physical topology and that provides the vConnection
        agent with the network topology.

is network topology correct? Or should it be network paths (LSPs)? Or both?

YOUNG>> Both depending on the mode of operation.=20
s/network topology/network topology/network paths (LSPs)


Note that in the previous section it says -

     vConnection Agent: This module is in charge of mapping VN setup
        commands into network provisioning requests to the PNC.

which has no mention of network topology.

YOUNG>> Resource Manager does that. I added this more clearly in Resource M=
anager:=20
The resource manager is in charge of receiving VNS instantiation requests f=
rom the Customer Network Controller and, as a consequence, triggering a con=
current path computation request to the PCE in the PNC based on the traffic=
 matrix. The Resource manager is also in charge of generating the abstract =
topology for the customer. It may request abstract network topology to PNC.


Do you mean to suggest that the PCE needs to communicate raw or abstract to=
pology to VNC as well? PCE does not expose such a interface right now.

YOUNG>> Yes, through VNC Proxy in PNC.=20

Also note that in figure 8,  vConnection Agent doesn't talk to PCE?

YOUNG>> This only depicts VNV-PNC not meant to be specific flows between mo=
dules within VNC/PNC.=20

(8) In section 6.3. Abstracted Topology Illustration, it should be figure 6=
 instead figure 2 is mentioned.

(9) In section 6.4. Workflows of ACTN Control Modules for Virtual Network S=
ervice, it should be figure 8 instead figure 5 is mentioned.

Nits:
- Suggest to follow the new RFC style guide [1] with respect to ordering of=
 sections etc.
- Expand on first use OTN, WDM, MPLS-TP, MPLS-TE, PCE, TE, TDM....
- Reference to problem statement ID in section 3 is displayed as - [REF pro=
bl stat]
- s/ONC OAM handler/PNC OAM handler [page 21]

Regards,
Dhruv

[1]: http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7322.txt

_______________________________________________
ACTN mailing list
ACTN@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn

_______________________________________________
ACTN mailing list
ACTN@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn


From nobody Tue Oct 14 11:06:48 2014
Return-Path: <dhruv.ietf@gmail.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9D8291A9236 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 11:06:44 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9,  DKIM_SIGNED=0.1, DKIM_VALID=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_AU=-0.1, FREEMAIL_FROM=0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id d8WONsG-8GgU for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 11:06:42 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from mail-ig0-x22f.google.com (mail-ig0-x22f.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4001:c05::22f]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id CD7511A9308 for <actn@ietf.org>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 11:06:38 -0700 (PDT)
Received: by mail-ig0-f175.google.com with SMTP id uq10so15691749igb.8 for <actn@ietf.org>; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 11:06:38 -0700 (PDT)
DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20120113;  h=mime-version:sender:in-reply-to:references:date:message-id:subject :from:to:content-type; bh=suStJRVL9y6UMItG2vIAdTnpDYLbI9R4Bq5MKGiKAUE=; b=ZdiKwbASTy12YOMIfh8v8xngQWlB8+y2UvbSly94Ak+/mk7fmGXVj5OBZsH0hOEGWL QfOt8FtRlYUVT7DugHWQXX6lFu1jI4lkHmKB9F/DfX96+7bx9EfIGTIhWYIoFaZn2b3C 7Q/bCRKTtu7r5dslKWHhNMqjtxLaR0DVJm1TJShoQ72wV2l24VNiqW9Bd7iXEByL/VKu or2t612fkMDyrpds1OH4N/D/WfFS8g3rVxMUres0W9knbvlEBW6YMhv2jOMw/o6aRVgz 15bA09F4r9aEG+oMBDgakRARDEimC5YboymqTysPZcBJ6vRNBxA7AU+C/5xxR+zwFjZF FySg==
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Received: by 10.50.142.104 with SMTP id rv8mr8529883igb.23.1413309998207; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 11:06:38 -0700 (PDT)
Sender: dhruvdhody@gmail.com
X-Google-Sender-Delegation: dhruvdhody@gmail.com
Received: by 10.50.164.131 with HTTP; Tue, 14 Oct 2014 11:06:38 -0700 (PDT)
In-Reply-To: <20141014175311.4083.49198.idtracker@ietfa.amsl.com>
References: <20141014175311.4083.49198.idtracker@ietfa.amsl.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 23:36:38 +0530
X-Google-Sender-Auth: 06jxYtbPfK1M-KHtlmEND4Yue3g
Message-ID: <CAB75xn515s0pV75jHO00M0oTmXrsnRcjtK5HF3E77uRgy23yNw@mail.gmail.com>
From: Dhruv Dhody <dhruv.ietf@gmail.com>
To: "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/gbanPnci6yUy5LmH8nqGcrGyMjo
Subject: [Actn] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-dhody-actn-poi-use-case-03.txt
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 18:06:44 -0000

Hi,

We have updated the POI use case document.
The main changes are -

- Sync with the updated ACTN framework document
   * Terminology of CNC/VNC/PNC through the document.
- A new section on a typical POI workflow
   * Taking DC as a customer (CNC)
   * Multi-layer coordination via VNC
   * Multiple PNCs managing each layer

Diff: http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-dhody-actn-poi-use-case-03

Any feedback/comments are most welcome.

Dhruv



---------- Forwarded message ----------
From:  <internet-drafts@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, Oct 14, 2014 at 11:23 PM
Subject: New Version Notification for draft-dhody-actn-poi-use-case-03.txt
To: Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>, Oscar
Gonzalez de Dios <ogondio@tid.es>, Dhruv Dhody <dhruv.ietf@gmail.com>,
Xian Zhang <zhang.xian@huawei.com>, Bin-Yeong Yoon <byyun@etri.re.kr>



A new version of I-D, draft-dhody-actn-poi-use-case-03.txt
has been successfully submitted by Dhruv Dhody and posted to the
IETF repository.

Name:           draft-dhody-actn-poi-use-case
Revision:       03
Title:          Packet Optical Integration (POI) Use Cases for
Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks (ACTN)
Document date:  2014-10-14
Group:          Individual Submission
Pages:          15
URL:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-dhody-actn-poi-use-case-03.txt
Status:         https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-dhody-actn-poi-use-case/
Htmlized:       http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-dhody-actn-poi-use-case-03
Diff:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-dhody-actn-poi-use-case-03

Abstract:
   This document describes the Abstraction and Control of Transport
   Networks (ACTN) use cases related to Packet and Optical Integration
   (POI), that may be potentially deployed in various transport networks
   and apply to different applications.




Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

The IETF Secretariat


From nobody Wed Oct 15 03:39:42 2014
Return-Path: <dhruv.dhody@huawei.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2EAF61A1A93 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 03:39:31 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.312
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.312 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_20=-0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, SPF_PASS=-0.001, T_RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.01] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id Xve24PUJC-YF for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 03:39:25 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from lhrrgout.huawei.com (lhrrgout.huawei.com [194.213.3.17]) (using TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 028A51A1AC8 for <actn@ietf.org>; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 03:39:02 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from 172.18.7.190 (EHLO lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com) ([172.18.7.190]) by lhrrg02-dlp.huawei.com (MOS 4.3.7-GA FastPath queued) with ESMTP id BKO53228; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 10:39:01 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from SZXEML416-HUB.china.huawei.com (10.82.67.155) by lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com (10.201.5.218) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.158.1; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 11:38:49 +0100
Received: from szxeml556-mbs.china.huawei.com ([169.254.4.112]) by szxeml416-hub.china.huawei.com ([10.82.67.155]) with mapi id 14.03.0158.001; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 18:38:40 +0800
From: Dhruv Dhody <dhruv.dhody@huawei.com>
To: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, Luyuan Fang <lufang@microsoft.com>, Dhruv Dhody <dhruv.ietf@gmail.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03
Thread-Index: AQHP4yKPmt1G4waBWUiXdepIxV3HVZwmFYaAgAk/qwCAAaSKwA==
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2014 10:38:38 +0000
Message-ID: <23CE718903A838468A8B325B80962F9B8660833B@szxeml556-mbs.china.huawei.com>
References: <CAB75xn792Pp2B476JrsMVOt=_gqSdUJROEDCqTv0sDpn2KER5A@mail.gmail.com> <792aafe99cf649cda84ab8ec7e428d81@BL2PR03MB372.namprd03.prod.outlook.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DE80@dfweml706-chm>
In-Reply-To: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DE80@dfweml706-chm>
Accept-Language: en-GB, zh-CN, en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [10.47.148.237]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-CFilter-Loop: Reflected
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/5qncHodNDCUAzyTh9gX-FF3EsvQ
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2014 10:39:31 -0000

Hi Young,=20

(snip)
=20
> (3) Usage of the term 'virtual network element'; here it means generic
> element that could be a virtual node/link -
>=20
>    The level of virtual control
>    given to the customers can vary from a tunnel connecting two end-
>    points to virtual network elements that consist of a set of virtual
>    nodes and virtual links in a mesh network topology.
>=20
> Later, it is also used to mean only virtual nodes at -
>=20
>    The level of topology abstraction is expressed in terms of
>    the number of virtual network elements (VNEs) and virtual links
>    (VLs).
>=20
> Also it is used for Virtual Network Embedding in section 5.
>=20
> This usage should be made uniform.
>=20
> YOUNG>> Yes, Virtual network elements ---> Virtual Nodes.
> YOUNG>> VNE (Virtual Network Embedding) is a known terminology in
> research circle, which I think stands as is.

[Dhruv]: In the terminology we have stated VNE as Virtual Network Element a=
nd the most usage is for virtual nodes.=20
Thus it would be better to remove the first text above which makes 'virtual=
 network elements' a generic term including both virtual nodes and links.=20
Regarding Virtual Network Embedding, we can avoid using the short form VNE =
here to avoid any confusion. And a reference can be found perhaps - http://=
ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/icp.jsp?arnumber=3D6463372

(snip)

>=20
> (7) In section 6.2.3. Physical Network Controller, it says -
>=20
>       PCE: This is the stateful PCE performing the path computation
>         over the physical topology and that provides the vConnection
>         agent with the network topology.
>=20
> is network topology correct? Or should it be network paths (LSPs)? Or
> both?
>=20
> YOUNG>> Both depending on the mode of operation.
> s/network topology/network topology/network paths (LSPs)

[Dhruv]: IMO the relationships are -=20
Resource manager(VNC) ------- PCE (PNC) (for path computation)
Resource manager(VNC) ------- VNC Proxy (PNC) (for abstract topology)
vConnection Agent (VNC) ----- Provision Manager (PNC) (for provisioning)

If this is correct, perhaps s/network topology/network paths (LSPs) is the =
correct text?
As the topology (abstract/raw) is through VNC proxy.

>=20
>=20
> Note that in the previous section it says -
>=20
>      vConnection Agent: This module is in charge of mapping VN setup
>         commands into network provisioning requests to the PNC.
>=20
> which has no mention of network topology.
>=20
> YOUNG>> Resource Manager does that. I added this more clearly in
> Resource Manager:
> The resource manager is in charge of receiving VNS instantiation
> requests from the Customer Network Controller and, as a consequence,
> triggering a concurrent path computation request to the PCE in the PNC
> based on the traffic matrix. The Resource manager is also in charge of
> generating the abstract topology for the customer. It may request
> abstract network topology to PNC.

[Dhruv]: Ok, but see above.=20

>=20
>=20
> Do you mean to suggest that the PCE needs to communicate raw or
> abstract topology to VNC as well? PCE does not expose such a interface
> right now.
>=20
> YOUNG>> Yes, through VNC Proxy in PNC.

[Dhruv]: Okay, It's not the PCE module inside the PNC, As you point out bel=
ow I assumed the flows are between the modules inside PNC/VNC. =20

>=20
> Also note that in figure 8,  vConnection Agent doesn't talk to PCE?
>=20
> YOUNG>> This only depicts VNV-PNC not meant to be specific flows
> between modules within VNC/PNC.

[Dhruv]: Can this be clarified in some way to avoid confusion?

(snip)

Regards,
Dhruv


From nobody Wed Oct 15 07:01:08 2014
Return-Path: <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 629D41A7018 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 07:01:07 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -1.91
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-1.91 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, T_RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.01] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id E1CaWmFJsu-i for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 07:01:04 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from mail3.advaoptical.com (mail3.advaoptical.com [74.202.24.82]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 79F411A701D for <actn@ietf.org>; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 07:01:03 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com [172.16.5.39]) by atl-vs-fsmail.advaoptical.com (8.14.5/8.14.5) with ESMTP id s9FE0qeD001006 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=FAIL); Wed, 15 Oct 2014 10:00:52 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) by atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.39) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.181.6; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 10:00:52 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) by ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1044.5; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 10:00:51 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1]) by ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1%14]) with mapi id 15.00.1044.003; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 10:00:51 -0400
From: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
To: Dhruv Dhody <dhruv.dhody@huawei.com>, Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, Luyuan Fang <lufang@microsoft.com>, Dhruv Dhody <dhruv.ietf@gmail.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03
Thread-Index: AQHP4yKPrffCfg0AukaYi4GzYTinOJwm3rGAgAk/qwCAASbIAP//6+Qg
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2014 14:00:50 +0000
Message-ID: <24c2c25e7f3548109642ea03757643db@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
References: <CAB75xn792Pp2B476JrsMVOt=_gqSdUJROEDCqTv0sDpn2KER5A@mail.gmail.com> <792aafe99cf649cda84ab8ec7e428d81@BL2PR03MB372.namprd03.prod.outlook.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DE80@dfweml706-chm> <23CE718903A838468A8B325B80962F9B8660833B@szxeml556-mbs.china.huawei.com>
In-Reply-To: <23CE718903A838468A8B325B80962F9B8660833B@szxeml556-mbs.china.huawei.com>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-ms-exchange-transport-fromentityheader: Hosted
x-originating-ip: [172.16.5.49]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=fsecure engine=2.50.10432:5.12.52, 1.0.28,  0.0.0000 definitions=2014-10-15_04:2014-10-15,2014-10-15,1970-01-01 signatures=0
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/hTIQIK5viBDleal-ie21LO20J5M
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2014 14:01:07 -0000

Hello,

In the ACTN context I suggest avoiding term "physical" topology, resources,=
 controller, etc. and replacing it with term "actual".
Note that PCE always works with TE topology, which is not physical topology=
, rather an abstraction that combines link/node configuration and auto-disc=
overed parameters of physical network resources. Examples of physical resou=
rces in WDM layer are: transponders, amplifiers, regenerators, multiplexers=
, multi-degree roadms, directionless roadms, etc.
PCE works with TE links and nodes that represent said physical resources in=
  the TE domain.
I suggest using term "actual" topology elements (named in the provider nami=
ng space and known internally and in entirety to the provider) vs.=20
"abstract" topology elements (named in client naming space and presented to=
 the client/tenant).

Cheers,
Igor

-----Original Message-----
From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dhruv Dhody
Sent: Wednesday, October 15, 2014 6:39 AM
To: Leeyoung; Luyuan Fang; Dhruv Dhody; actn@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03

Hi Young,=20

(snip)
=20
> (3) Usage of the term 'virtual network element'; here it means generic=20
> element that could be a virtual node/link -
>=20
>    The level of virtual control
>    given to the customers can vary from a tunnel connecting two end-
>    points to virtual network elements that consist of a set of virtual
>    nodes and virtual links in a mesh network topology.
>=20
> Later, it is also used to mean only virtual nodes at -
>=20
>    The level of topology abstraction is expressed in terms of
>    the number of virtual network elements (VNEs) and virtual links
>    (VLs).
>=20
> Also it is used for Virtual Network Embedding in section 5.
>=20
> This usage should be made uniform.
>=20
> YOUNG>> Yes, Virtual network elements ---> Virtual Nodes.
> YOUNG>> VNE (Virtual Network Embedding) is a known terminology in
> research circle, which I think stands as is.

[Dhruv]: In the terminology we have stated VNE as Virtual Network Element a=
nd the most usage is for virtual nodes.=20
Thus it would be better to remove the first text above which makes 'virtual=
 network elements' a generic term including both virtual nodes and links.=20
Regarding Virtual Network Embedding, we can avoid using the short form VNE =
here to avoid any confusion. And a reference can be found perhaps - http://=
ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/icp.jsp?arnumber=3D6463372

(snip)

>=20
> (7) In section 6.2.3. Physical Network Controller, it says -
>=20
>       PCE: This is the stateful PCE performing the path computation
>         over the physical topology and that provides the vConnection
>         agent with the network topology.
>=20
> is network topology correct? Or should it be network paths (LSPs)? Or=20
> both?
>=20
> YOUNG>> Both depending on the mode of operation.
> s/network topology/network topology/network paths (LSPs)

[Dhruv]: IMO the relationships are -
Resource manager(VNC) ------- PCE (PNC) (for path computation) Resource man=
ager(VNC) ------- VNC Proxy (PNC) (for abstract topology) vConnection Agent=
 (VNC) ----- Provision Manager (PNC) (for provisioning)

If this is correct, perhaps s/network topology/network paths (LSPs) is the =
correct text?
As the topology (abstract/raw) is through VNC proxy.

>=20
>=20
> Note that in the previous section it says -
>=20
>      vConnection Agent: This module is in charge of mapping VN setup
>         commands into network provisioning requests to the PNC.
>=20
> which has no mention of network topology.
>=20
> YOUNG>> Resource Manager does that. I added this more clearly in
> Resource Manager:
> The resource manager is in charge of receiving VNS instantiation=20
> requests from the Customer Network Controller and, as a consequence,=20
> triggering a concurrent path computation request to the PCE in the PNC=20
> based on the traffic matrix. The Resource manager is also in charge of=20
> generating the abstract topology for the customer. It may request=20
> abstract network topology to PNC.

[Dhruv]: Ok, but see above.=20

>=20
>=20
> Do you mean to suggest that the PCE needs to communicate raw or=20
> abstract topology to VNC as well? PCE does not expose such a interface=20
> right now.
>=20
> YOUNG>> Yes, through VNC Proxy in PNC.

[Dhruv]: Okay, It's not the PCE module inside the PNC, As you point out bel=
ow I assumed the flows are between the modules inside PNC/VNC. =20

>=20
> Also note that in figure 8,  vConnection Agent doesn't talk to PCE?
>=20
> YOUNG>> This only depicts VNV-PNC not meant to be specific flows
> between modules within VNC/PNC.

[Dhruv]: Can this be clarified in some way to avoid confusion?

(snip)

Regards,
Dhruv

_______________________________________________
ACTN mailing list
ACTN@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn


From nobody Wed Oct 15 13:22:36 2014
Return-Path: <leeyoung@huawei.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2C86A1A70E2 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 13:22:29 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -4.209
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.209 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HK_RANDOM_ENVFROM=0.001, HK_RANDOM_FROM=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, SPF_PASS=-0.001, T_RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.01] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id 61tG8-AY5Xvf for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 13:22:24 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from lhrrgout.huawei.com (lhrrgout.huawei.com [194.213.3.17]) (using TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id DF3951A6FCF for <actn@ietf.org>; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 13:22:23 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from 172.18.7.190 (EHLO lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com) ([172.18.7.190]) by lhrrg02-dlp.huawei.com (MOS 4.3.7-GA FastPath queued) with ESMTP id BKO97833; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 20:22:22 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from DFWEML703-CHM.china.huawei.com (10.193.5.130) by lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com (10.201.5.218) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.158.1; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 21:22:21 +0100
Received: from DFWEML706-CHM.china.huawei.com ([10.193.5.225]) by dfweml703-chm ([10.193.5.130]) with mapi id 14.03.0158.001; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 13:22:04 -0700
From: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>
To: Dhruv Dhody <dhruv.dhody@huawei.com>, Luyuan Fang <lufang@microsoft.com>,  Dhruv Dhody <dhruv.ietf@gmail.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03
Thread-Index: AQHP4yKQEHNwyIrIeEunMVCP20GPepwnEPuAgAi0kHCAAbHkAIAAK7Og
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2014 20:22:03 +0000
Message-ID: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3E48B@dfweml706-chm>
References: <CAB75xn792Pp2B476JrsMVOt=_gqSdUJROEDCqTv0sDpn2KER5A@mail.gmail.com> <792aafe99cf649cda84ab8ec7e428d81@BL2PR03MB372.namprd03.prod.outlook.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DE80@dfweml706-chm> <23CE718903A838468A8B325B80962F9B8660833B@szxeml556-mbs.china.huawei.com>
In-Reply-To: <23CE718903A838468A8B325B80962F9B8660833B@szxeml556-mbs.china.huawei.com>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [10.47.131.115]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-CFilter-Loop: Reflected
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/sXnwD-z2WFkN6TcwGpLg2eyOykk
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2014 20:22:29 -0000

Hi Dhruv,

Please see inline for my comment.

Thanks,
Young

-----Original Message-----
From: Dhruv Dhody=20
Sent: Wednesday, October 15, 2014 5:39 AM
To: Leeyoung; Luyuan Fang; Dhruv Dhody; actn@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03

Hi Young,=20

(snip)
=20
> (3) Usage of the term 'virtual network element'; here it means generic=20
> element that could be a virtual node/link -
>=20
>    The level of virtual control
>    given to the customers can vary from a tunnel connecting two end-
>    points to virtual network elements that consist of a set of virtual
>    nodes and virtual links in a mesh network topology.
>=20
> Later, it is also used to mean only virtual nodes at -
>=20
>    The level of topology abstraction is expressed in terms of
>    the number of virtual network elements (VNEs) and virtual links
>    (VLs).
>=20
> Also it is used for Virtual Network Embedding in section 5.
>=20
> This usage should be made uniform.
>=20
> YOUNG>> Yes, Virtual network elements ---> Virtual Nodes.
> YOUNG>> VNE (Virtual Network Embedding) is a known terminology in
> research circle, which I think stands as is.

[Dhruv]: In the terminology we have stated VNE as Virtual Network Element a=
nd the most usage is for virtual nodes.=20
Thus it would be better to remove the first text above which makes 'virtual=
 network elements' a generic term including both virtual nodes and links.=20
Regarding Virtual Network Embedding, we can avoid using the short form VNE =
here to avoid any confusion. And a reference can be found perhaps - http://=
ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/icp.jsp?arnumber=3D6463372

(snip)

YOUNG>> Good idea. I will add the reference as well.
>=20
> (7) In section 6.2.3. Physical Network Controller, it says -
>=20
>       PCE: This is the stateful PCE performing the path computation
>         over the physical topology and that provides the vConnection
>         agent with the network topology.
>=20
> is network topology correct? Or should it be network paths (LSPs)? Or=20
> both?
>=20
> YOUNG>> Both depending on the mode of operation.
> s/network topology/network topology/network paths (LSPs)

[Dhruv]: IMO the relationships are -
Resource manager(VNC) ------- PCE (PNC) (for path computation) Resource man=
ager(VNC) ------- VNC Proxy (PNC) (for abstract topology) vConnection Agent=
 (VNC) ----- Provision Manager (PNC) (for provisioning)

YOUNG>> The relationships are correct. I will look at the text once more to=
 sort it out based on these relationships.=20

If this is correct, perhaps s/network topology/network paths (LSPs) is the =
correct text?
As the topology (abstract/raw) is through VNC proxy.

>=20
>=20
> Note that in the previous section it says -
>=20
>      vConnection Agent: This module is in charge of mapping VN setup
>         commands into network provisioning requests to the PNC.
>=20
> which has no mention of network topology.
>=20
> YOUNG>> Resource Manager does that. I added this more clearly in
> Resource Manager:
> The resource manager is in charge of receiving VNS instantiation=20
> requests from the Customer Network Controller and, as a consequence,=20
> triggering a concurrent path computation request to the PCE in the PNC=20
> based on the traffic matrix. The Resource manager is also in charge of=20
> generating the abstract topology for the customer. It may request=20
> abstract network topology to PNC.

[Dhruv]: Ok, but see above.=20

>=20
>=20
> Do you mean to suggest that the PCE needs to communicate raw or=20
> abstract topology to VNC as well? PCE does not expose such a interface=20
> right now.
>=20
> YOUNG>> Yes, through VNC Proxy in PNC.

[Dhruv]: Okay, It's not the PCE module inside the PNC, As you point out bel=
ow I assumed the flows are between the modules inside PNC/VNC. =20

YOUNG>> Yes.=20

>=20
> Also note that in figure 8,  vConnection Agent doesn't talk to PCE?
>=20
> YOUNG>> This only depicts VNV-PNC not meant to be specific flows
> between modules within VNC/PNC.

[Dhruv]: Can this be clarified in some way to avoid confusion?

YOUNG>> I will look into the draft to clarify this aspect.=20

(snip)

Regards,
Dhruv


From nobody Wed Oct 15 13:41:47 2014
Return-Path: <leeyoung@huawei.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id C7C131ACD21 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 13:41:43 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -4.209
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.209 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HK_RANDOM_ENVFROM=0.001, HK_RANDOM_FROM=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, SPF_PASS=-0.001, T_RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.01] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id 1oyH1ZIapIce for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 13:41:32 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from lhrrgout.huawei.com (lhrrgout.huawei.com [194.213.3.17]) (using TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id AE8BA1ACCEA for <actn@ietf.org>; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 13:41:31 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from 172.18.7.190 (EHLO lhreml405-hub.china.huawei.com) ([172.18.7.190]) by lhrrg01-dlp.huawei.com (MOS 4.3.7-GA FastPath queued) with ESMTP id BNR59283; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 20:41:30 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from DFWEML705-CHM.china.huawei.com (10.193.5.142) by lhreml405-hub.china.huawei.com (10.201.5.242) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.158.1; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 21:41:28 +0100
Received: from DFWEML706-CHM.china.huawei.com ([10.193.5.225]) by dfweml705-chm ([10.193.5.142]) with mapi id 14.03.0158.001; Wed, 15 Oct 2014 13:41:15 -0700
From: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>
To: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>, Dhruv Dhody <dhruv.dhody@huawei.com>, Luyuan Fang <lufang@microsoft.com>, Dhruv Dhody <dhruv.ietf@gmail.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03
Thread-Index: AQHP4yKQEHNwyIrIeEunMVCP20GPepwnEPuAgAi0kHCAAbHkAIAAOH4A///1RrA=
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2014 20:41:15 +0000
Message-ID: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3E4D8@dfweml706-chm>
References: <CAB75xn792Pp2B476JrsMVOt=_gqSdUJROEDCqTv0sDpn2KER5A@mail.gmail.com> <792aafe99cf649cda84ab8ec7e428d81@BL2PR03MB372.namprd03.prod.outlook.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3DE80@dfweml706-chm> <23CE718903A838468A8B325B80962F9B8660833B@szxeml556-mbs.china.huawei.com> <24c2c25e7f3548109642ea03757643db@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
In-Reply-To: <24c2c25e7f3548109642ea03757643db@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [10.47.131.115]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-CFilter-Loop: Reflected
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/3rlwtAvBFiEyHM5DmSyDLFS9JIk
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2014 20:41:44 -0000

Hi Igor,

In regards to 'topology' passed between PNC and VNC, I agree with you that =
we can start TE level topology with various degree of granularity. I would =
not object calling TE topology as actual topology (with clear indication th=
at this actual is TE level). And abstract topology is further abstraction f=
rom 'actual topology.=20

In regards to PNC vs ANC, I prefer PNC over ANC. The reason is as follows: =
PNC is termed as such to include control/management planes of various types=
 beyond GMPLS/PCE. SDN controllers and NMS are part of PNC. The degree of c=
ontrol over the networks varies depending on which regime of control/manage=
ment entities we are talking about. GMPLS/PCEP are constantly augmented to =
do more on optical network resources control such as wavelengths, regenerat=
ion configuration among others while NMS/SDN Controllers do more than TE le=
vel control. I prefer PNC over ANC.=20

Or simply calling it NC (Network Controller) is another way to reach an agr=
eement.=20

Regards,
Young


-----Original Message-----
From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]=20
Sent: Wednesday, October 15, 2014 9:01 AM
To: Dhruv Dhody; Leeyoung; Luyuan Fang; Dhruv Dhody; actn@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03

Hello,

In the ACTN context I suggest avoiding term "physical" topology, resources,=
 controller, etc. and replacing it with term "actual".
Note that PCE always works with TE topology, which is not physical topology=
, rather an abstraction that combines link/node configuration and auto-disc=
overed parameters of physical network resources. Examples of physical resou=
rces in WDM layer are: transponders, amplifiers, regenerators, multiplexers=
, multi-degree roadms, directionless roadms, etc.
PCE works with TE links and nodes that represent said physical resources in=
  the TE domain.
I suggest using term "actual" topology elements (named in the provider nami=
ng space and known internally and in entirety to the provider) vs.=20
"abstract" topology elements (named in client naming space and presented to=
 the client/tenant).

Cheers,
Igor

-----Original Message-----
From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dhruv Dhody
Sent: Wednesday, October 15, 2014 6:39 AM
To: Leeyoung; Luyuan Fang; Dhruv Dhody; actn@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-03

Hi Young,=20

(snip)
=20
> (3) Usage of the term 'virtual network element'; here it means generic=20
> element that could be a virtual node/link -
>=20
>    The level of virtual control
>    given to the customers can vary from a tunnel connecting two end-
>    points to virtual network elements that consist of a set of virtual
>    nodes and virtual links in a mesh network topology.
>=20
> Later, it is also used to mean only virtual nodes at -
>=20
>    The level of topology abstraction is expressed in terms of
>    the number of virtual network elements (VNEs) and virtual links
>    (VLs).
>=20
> Also it is used for Virtual Network Embedding in section 5.
>=20
> This usage should be made uniform.
>=20
> YOUNG>> Yes, Virtual network elements ---> Virtual Nodes.
> YOUNG>> VNE (Virtual Network Embedding) is a known terminology in
> research circle, which I think stands as is.

[Dhruv]: In the terminology we have stated VNE as Virtual Network Element a=
nd the most usage is for virtual nodes.=20
Thus it would be better to remove the first text above which makes 'virtual=
 network elements' a generic term including both virtual nodes and links.=20
Regarding Virtual Network Embedding, we can avoid using the short form VNE =
here to avoid any confusion. And a reference can be found perhaps - http://=
ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/icp.jsp?arnumber=3D6463372

(snip)

>=20
> (7) In section 6.2.3. Physical Network Controller, it says -
>=20
>       PCE: This is the stateful PCE performing the path computation
>         over the physical topology and that provides the vConnection
>         agent with the network topology.
>=20
> is network topology correct? Or should it be network paths (LSPs)? Or=20
> both?
>=20
> YOUNG>> Both depending on the mode of operation.
> s/network topology/network topology/network paths (LSPs)

[Dhruv]: IMO the relationships are -
Resource manager(VNC) ------- PCE (PNC) (for path computation) Resource man=
ager(VNC) ------- VNC Proxy (PNC) (for abstract topology) vConnection Agent=
 (VNC) ----- Provision Manager (PNC) (for provisioning)

If this is correct, perhaps s/network topology/network paths (LSPs) is the =
correct text?
As the topology (abstract/raw) is through VNC proxy.

>=20
>=20
> Note that in the previous section it says -
>=20
>      vConnection Agent: This module is in charge of mapping VN setup
>         commands into network provisioning requests to the PNC.
>=20
> which has no mention of network topology.
>=20
> YOUNG>> Resource Manager does that. I added this more clearly in
> Resource Manager:
> The resource manager is in charge of receiving VNS instantiation=20
> requests from the Customer Network Controller and, as a consequence,=20
> triggering a concurrent path computation request to the PCE in the PNC=20
> based on the traffic matrix. The Resource manager is also in charge of=20
> generating the abstract topology for the customer. It may request=20
> abstract network topology to PNC.

[Dhruv]: Ok, but see above.=20

>=20
>=20
> Do you mean to suggest that the PCE needs to communicate raw or=20
> abstract topology to VNC as well? PCE does not expose such a interface=20
> right now.
>=20
> YOUNG>> Yes, through VNC Proxy in PNC.

[Dhruv]: Okay, It's not the PCE module inside the PNC, As you point out bel=
ow I assumed the flows are between the modules inside PNC/VNC. =20

>=20
> Also note that in figure 8,  vConnection Agent doesn't talk to PCE?
>=20
> YOUNG>> This only depicts VNV-PNC not meant to be specific flows
> between modules within VNC/PNC.

[Dhruv]: Can this be clarified in some way to avoid confusion?

(snip)

Regards,
Dhruv

_______________________________________________
ACTN mailing list
ACTN@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn


From nobody Mon Oct 20 10:21:31 2014
Return-Path: <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8B7D21A6F58 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Mon, 20 Oct 2014 10:21:27 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -4.201
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.201 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id Cwzltgfqg5nI for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Mon, 20 Oct 2014 10:21:25 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from sessmg23.ericsson.net (sessmg23.ericsson.net [193.180.251.45]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id B6DA51A6F60 for <actn@ietf.org>; Mon, 20 Oct 2014 10:19:36 -0700 (PDT)
X-AuditID: c1b4fb2d-f793d6d000005356-00-54454426870d
Received: from ESESSHC024.ericsson.se (Unknown_Domain [153.88.253.124]) by sessmg23.ericsson.net (Symantec Mail Security) with SMTP id 9D.99.21334.62445445; Mon, 20 Oct 2014 19:19:34 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from ESESSMB301.ericsson.se ([169.254.1.4]) by ESESSHC024.ericsson.se ([153.88.183.90]) with mapi id 14.03.0174.001; Mon, 20 Oct 2014 19:19:34 +0200
From: Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>
To: "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: New Version Notification for draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04.txt
Thread-Index: AQHP7IkVo//Qq8c24EG8t19XWzRMoJw5OUgw
Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2014 17:19:33 +0000
Message-ID: <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE48127B2442@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se>
References: <20141020170156.21930.36422.idtracker@ietfa.amsl.com>
In-Reply-To: <20141020170156.21930.36422.idtracker@ietfa.amsl.com>
Accept-Language: it-IT, en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [153.88.183.16]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Brightmail-Tracker: H4sIAAAAAAAAA+NgFrrMLMWRmVeSWpSXmKPExsUyM+Jvja6ai2uIwZI2DYstPRfYHBg9liz5 yRTAGMVlk5Kak1mWWqRvl8CVsX7aDJaCVWIVLzsEGhgfiHYxcnJICJhInHv4iBnCFpO4cG89 WxcjF4eQwFFGiY27lrCBJIQEFjFKNG/V7WLk4GATsJJ4csgHJCwioCyx+PAfsBJhgSCJ/p+X 2CHiwRJz3jUwQthGEr+etLKA2CwCqhIbbs4Aq+EV8JU48v8YO8R4R4njG9eC1XMKOEls7FrN BGIzCshKTNi9CCzOLCAucevJfCaIOwUkluw5D3WzqMTLx/9YIWxFiZ1n25lBzmQW0JRYv0sf olVRYkr3Q6i1ghInZz5hmcAoOgvJ1FkIHbOQdMxC0rGAkWUVo2hxanFxbrqRsV5qUWZycXF+ nl5easkmRmAsHNzyW3cH4+rXjocYBTgYlXh4F+S4hAixJpYVV+YeYpTmYFES5110bl6wkEB6 YklqdmpqQWpRfFFpTmrxIUYmDk6pBkYL+XkHvYNrTO8Vrl5R/KrlZpaOvcDpKxFntu1qP3PJ kVExPdN6ZfNXhca08pMzgxryLm9zLbi9/0tSl5r5GY8gsYnnutM/THt65teczgWBvYsCzhTp OGz+rCVw+/idZdzN7ldWrOmYOKvyi9TDv1YbhfbGii5LttDUubLPOsqzbtl80QPzhS2VWIoz Eg21mIuKEwEmceJaZgIAAA==
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/SV-HxoNZL_ZX2bLbOqUgug4-1yQ
Subject: [Actn] FW: New Version Notification for draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04.txt
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2014 17:21:27 -0000
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From nobody Tue Oct 21 15:44:16 2014
Return-Path: <dave.hood@ericsson.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2AE8A1A87BE for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 21 Oct 2014 15:44:15 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: 0.1
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=0.1 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_50=0.8,  HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW=-0.7, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id t95zwKQIwUbF for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 21 Oct 2014 15:44:11 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from usevmg20.ericsson.net (usevmg20.ericsson.net [198.24.6.45]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 24C091A87A3 for <actn@ietf.org>; Tue, 21 Oct 2014 15:44:11 -0700 (PDT)
X-AuditID: c618062d-f79206d0000014d2-d7-54468a1d48bf
Received: from EUSAAHC002.ericsson.se (Unknown_Domain [147.117.188.78]) by usevmg20.ericsson.net (Symantec Mail Security) with SMTP id D4.BB.05330.D1A86445; Tue, 21 Oct 2014 18:30:21 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from EUSAAMB105.ericsson.se ([147.117.188.122]) by EUSAAHC002.ericsson.se ([147.117.188.78]) with mapi id 14.03.0174.001; Tue, 21 Oct 2014 18:44:09 -0400
From: Dave Hood <dave.hood@ericsson.com>
To: "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
Thread-Index: Ac/tbea1DOR7hvbLT6q34yEim3G4lQ==
Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2014 22:44:09 +0000
Message-ID: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F538AEA@eusaamb105.ericsson.se>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [147.117.188.12]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F538AEAeusaamb105erics_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Brightmail-Tracker: H4sIAAAAAAAAA+NgFjrFLMWRmVeSWpSXmKPExsUyuXSPn65sl1uIwetVhhZbei6wOTB6LFny kymAMYrLJiU1J7MstUjfLoEr49e6PewF36IqOp5ENDB+8e1i5OSQEDCR+PfnOiuELSZx4d56 ti5GLg4hgaOMEpcnzGWBcJYzSjxY2cwIUsUmoCHx5NJkJhBbREBZYvHhP2wgtrCAucTTCw9Z IeI2En/XfYKq0ZOY/Xc3C4jNIqAqcWDaTmYQm1fAV2Lv30NgvYxAm7+fWgNWzywgLnHryXwm iIsEJJbsOc8MYYtKvHz8D+pSJYk5r68xQ9TnS8y5sJEVYqagxMmZT1gmMArNQjJqFpKyWUjK IOI6Egt2f2KDsLUlli18zQxjnznwmAlZfAEj+ypGjtLi1LLcdCODTYzAwD8mwaa7g3HPS8tD jAIcjEo8vAt8XUOEWBPLiitzDzFKc7AoifPOqp0XLCSQnliSmp2aWpBaFF9UmpNafIiRiYNT qoGR/22QUkdrKcf0IJP5LCf6WF7+fdz8Q4xFcRvX3HkvL0/Msla7uPKXdvnrjP+sjBaS8yfJ e6ScWm9nMeP9gSUdCVOjC9xmnWx5ZncwWXlFZPqDE58eJMdOc5h35k+8FVfdnSdMl8qOvZHW imib+Fb6Yz5fQUftihcGt51fKSRNKFtYmbduZeB0JZbijERDLeai4kQA1UrFWF0CAAA=
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/5XAj6N_Fm8szQojgskxXdK449cQ
Subject: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2014 22:44:15 -0000

--_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F538AEAeusaamb105erics_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

I shared several comments on the new draft with the editors, but a few of t=
hem are more than editorial, so I'm posting them for wider discussion.

Operators have been trying to break silos for decades. It is okay to specia=
lize the SDN architecture into a unique transport view, but we ought not cr=
eate separate concepts, interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong =
justifications to depart from other domains. We should make best efforts to=
 integrate transport SDN views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. W=
e do not want to re-create silos in the SDN world.

Having said that, it is of course always the operator's option to deploy SD=
N in separate technology silos according to its own practices. The architec=
ture is general, but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.

An example of specialization is the proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarc=
hy or recursion appears to be restricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally,=
 stacking is valid in any layer, and even the layer classification is to so=
me extent pragmatic for each given instance. In the transport network, supp=
ose we have a PNC, some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a=
 yet lower layer of SDN. In such a case, the same controller would act as a=
 PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC toward others. (Necessarily VN=
C because I'm told offline that only a VNC can span admin domains.) These d=
istinctions do not seem like a useful rathole to enter. The controllers at =
different levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; =
better just to call them all SDN controllers.

The framework suggests that the PCE lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a s=
ingle well-defined PNC layer, this denies the more abstract layers the abil=
ity to compute paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are =
constrained by the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing wha=
t those constraints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported acro=
ss a business boundary to a customer whose VN may be complex enough to just=
ify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to be available at multiple leve=
ls of virtualization: let it be available to anyone who needs it.

Arguably the major issue with the draft is that it does not recognize the i=
mportance of the manager actor in the provider-customer relationship. The S=
DN architecture explains that the provider's manager is necessarily respons=
ible for creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for in=
stalling policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to b=
oth protect the customer from other customers (privacy and QoS) and to prot=
ect the provider's own resources from customer misbehaviour, whether intent=
ional or otherwise. In particular, the draft refers to the customer app cre=
ating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted to create its own VN except=
 perhaps as a mere subnet of the "real" VN created under the auspices of a =
business negotiation by the provider's manager. (And yes, the SDN architect=
ure also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example if the=
 customer invokes a service provisioning portal with credentials that permi=
t billing.)

Completeness, common concepts, interfaces and terminology could all be faci=
litated by starting with the umbrella SDN architecture available at https:/=
/www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/technical-re=
ports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf, and then specializing it.

Dave

--_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F538AEAeusaamb105erics_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"=
>
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 14 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Bookman Old Style";
	panose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
span.EmailStyle17
	{mso-style-type:personal-compose;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:windowtext;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">I shared several comments on the n=
ew draft with the editors, but a few of them are more than editorial, so I&=
#8217;m posting them for wider discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Operators have been trying to brea=
k silos for decades. It is okay to specialize the SDN architecture into a u=
nique transport view, but we ought not create separate concepts,
 interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong justifications to depar=
t from other domains. We should make best efforts to integrate transport SD=
N views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. We do not want to re-cre=
ate silos in the SDN world.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Having said that, it is of course =
always the operator&#8217;s option to deploy SDN in separate technology sil=
os according to its own practices. The architecture is general,
 but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">An example of specialization is th=
e proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarchy or recursion appears to be rest=
ricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally, stacking is valid
 in any layer, and even the layer classification is to some extent pragmati=
c for each given instance. In the transport network, suppose we have a PNC,=
 some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a yet lower layer o=
f SDN. In such a case, the same
 controller would act as a PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC towa=
rd others. (Necessarily VNC because I&#8217;m told offline that only a VNC =
can span admin domains.) These distinctions do not seem like a useful ratho=
le to enter. The controllers at different
 levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; better ju=
st to call them all SDN controllers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The framework suggests that the PC=
E lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a single well-defined PNC layer, this=
 denies the more abstract layers the ability to compute
 paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are constrained by=
 the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing what those constr=
aints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported across a business =
boundary to a customer whose VN
 may be complex enough to justify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to=
 be available at multiple levels of virtualization: let it be available to =
anyone who needs it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Arguably the major issue with the =
draft is that it does not recognize the importance of the manager actor in =
the provider-customer relationship. The SDN architecture
 explains that the provider&#8217;s manager is necessarily responsible for =
creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for installing =
policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to both prote=
ct the customer from other customers (privacy
 and QoS) and to protect the provider&#8217;s own resources from customer m=
isbehaviour, whether intentional or otherwise. In particular, the draft ref=
ers to the customer app creating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted =
to create its own VN except perhaps as
 a mere subnet of the &#8220;real&#8221; VN created under the auspices of a=
 business negotiation by the provider&#8217;s manager. (And yes, the SDN ar=
chitecture also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example=
 if the customer invokes a service provisioning portal
 with credentials that permit billing.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Completeness, common concepts, int=
erfaces and terminology could all be facilitated by starting with the umbre=
lla SDN architecture available at
<a href=3D"https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-reso=
urces/technical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf">
https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/techn=
ical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf</a>, and then specializing it.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dave<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F538AEAeusaamb105erics_--


From nobody Wed Oct 22 19:34:12 2014
Return-Path: <leeyoung@huawei.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DC0D91A87E6 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed, 22 Oct 2014 19:34:11 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.309
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.309 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_20=-0.001, HK_RANDOM_ENVFROM=0.001, HK_RANDOM_FROM=0.001, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, SPF_PASS=-0.001, T_RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.01] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id ZS5rNwZbbchp for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Wed, 22 Oct 2014 19:34:06 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from lhrrgout.huawei.com (lhrrgout.huawei.com [194.213.3.17]) (using TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 271C61A3BA3 for <actn@ietf.org>; Wed, 22 Oct 2014 19:34:06 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from 172.18.7.190 (EHLO lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com) ([172.18.7.190]) by lhrrg02-dlp.huawei.com (MOS 4.3.7-GA FastPath queued) with ESMTP id BKV53226; Thu, 23 Oct 2014 02:34:04 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from DFWEML703-CHM.china.huawei.com (10.193.5.130) by lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com (10.201.5.218) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.158.1; Thu, 23 Oct 2014 03:34:03 +0100
Received: from DFWEML706-CHM.china.huawei.com ([10.193.5.225]) by dfweml703-chm ([10.193.5.130]) with mapi id 14.03.0158.001; Wed, 22 Oct 2014 19:33:53 -0700
From: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>
To: Dave Hood <dave.hood@ericsson.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
Thread-Index: Ac/tbea1DOR7hvbLT6q34yEim3G4lQA8lxLg
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2014 02:33:52 +0000
Message-ID: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3FD8B@dfweml706-chm>
References: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F538AEA@eusaamb105.ericsson.se>
In-Reply-To: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F538AEA@eusaamb105.ericsson.se>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [10.47.141.250]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3FD8Bdfweml706chm_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-CFilter-Loop: Reflected
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/c9h3qhzNLc-wgx2vMHQJrWVRufo
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2014 02:34:12 -0000

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3FD8Bdfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Dave,

Thanks for providing your perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.

Best regards,
Young

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dave Hood
Sent: Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM
To: actn@ietf.org
Subject: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

I shared several comments on the new draft with the editors, but a few of t=
hem are more than editorial, so I'm posting them for wider discussion.

Operators have been trying to break silos for decades. It is okay to specia=
lize the SDN architecture into a unique transport view, but we ought not cr=
eate separate concepts, interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong =
justifications to depart from other domains. We should make best efforts to=
 integrate transport SDN views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. W=
e do not want to re-create silos in the SDN world.

YOUNG>> I think you are talking about SDN from a green field perspective. T=
-SDN could mean different things to different set of people including diffe=
rent SDOs. It seems to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basi=
s of discussion here. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture =
document produced mid this year. On the other hand, there are different vie=
ws of what T-SDN means in other parts of the world. Therefore I think it wo=
uld be a bit over bearing to demand other views to be subjected to one view=
.

Having said that, it is of course always the operator's option to deploy SD=
N in separate technology silos according to its own practices. The architec=
ture is general, but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.

YOUNG>> Agree. Operators want to build on top of what they have deployed wh=
ile pursuing new green field. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable lega=
cy control/management domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SD=
N (openflow) control.

An example of specialization is the proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarc=
hy or recursion appears to be restricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally,=
 stacking is valid in any layer, and even the layer classification is to so=
me extent pragmatic for each given instance. In the transport network, supp=
ose we have a PNC, some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a=
 yet lower layer of SDN. In such a case, the same controller would act as a=
 PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC toward others. (Necessarily VN=
C because I'm told offline that only a VNC can span admin domains.) These d=
istinctions do not seem like a useful rathole to enter. The controllers at =
different levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; =
better just to call them all SDN controllers.

YOUNG>> I think there was a misunderstanding. In your particular example, i=
f a PNC is in charge of some networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be a=
nother hierarchy below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and=
 indeed that PNC might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath i=
ts control domain. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its netw=
ork control. This does not simply need not be known to what is above the PN=
C. Each PNC represents a control of some network comprising an end to end n=
etwork. It can be a single domain control or control multi domain. SDN cont=
roller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. There may be other controlle=
rs such as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control.

The framework suggests that the PCE lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a s=
ingle well-defined PNC layer, this denies the more abstract layers the abil=
ity to compute paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are =
constrained by the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing wha=
t those constraints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported acro=
ss a business boundary to a customer whose VN may be complex enough to just=
ify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to be available at multiple leve=
ls of virtualization: let it be available to anyone who needs it.

YOUNG>> Actually there is always PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. =
Perhaps, there needs more clarification in the document. We used PCE means =
to what PCE does in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have=
 resource manager (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks),=
 likewise CNC where customers want to compute their paths within the confin=
es of VNs allocated to them.


Arguably the major issue with the draft is that it does not recognize the i=
mportance of the manager actor in the provider-customer relationship. The S=
DN architecture explains that the provider's manager is necessarily respons=
ible for creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for in=
stalling policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to b=
oth protect the customer from other customers (privacy and QoS) and to prot=
ect the provider's own resources from customer misbehaviour, whether intent=
ional or otherwise. In particular, the draft refers to the customer app cre=
ating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted to create its own VN except=
 perhaps as a mere subnet of the "real" VN created under the auspices of a =
business negotiation by the provider's manager. (And yes, the SDN architect=
ure also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example if the=
 customer invokes a service provisioning portal with credentials that permi=
t billing.)

YOUNG>> Good point. This is one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on mo=
re. Your contribution is welcome for this.

Completeness, common concepts, interfaces and terminology could all be faci=
litated by starting with the umbrella SDN architecture available at https:/=
/www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/technical-re=
ports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf, and then specializing it.

YOUNG>> Good reference, I have to say, which the latest version included as=
 one of the references.

Dave

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3FD8Bdfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"=
>
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Bookman Old Style";
	panose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
span.EmailStyle17
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle18
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for providing y=
our perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Best regards,<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> ACTN [ma=
ilto:actn-bounces@ietf.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Dave Hood<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> actn@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">I shared several comments on the n=
ew draft with the editors, but a few of them are more than editorial, so I&=
#8217;m posting them for wider discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Operators have been trying to brea=
k silos for decades. It is okay to specialize the SDN architecture into a u=
nique transport view, but we ought not create separate concepts,
 interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong justifications to depar=
t from other domains. We should make best efforts to integrate transport SD=
N views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. We do not want to re-cre=
ate silos in the SDN world.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think you are talk=
ing about SDN from a green field perspective. T-SDN could mean different th=
ings to different set of people including different SDOs. It seems
 to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basis of discussion her=
e. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture document produced m=
id this year. On the other hand, there are different views of what T-SDN me=
ans in other parts of the world.
 Therefore I think it would be a bit over bearing to demand other views to =
be subjected to one view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Having said that, it is of course =
always the operator&#8217;s option to deploy SDN in separate technology sil=
os according to its own practices. The architecture is general,
 but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. Operators wan=
t to build on top of what they have deployed while pursuing new green field=
. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable legacy control/management
 domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SDN (openflow) control.=
 <o:p>
</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">An example of specialization is th=
e proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarchy or recursion appears to be rest=
ricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally, stacking is valid
 in any layer, and even the layer classification is to some extent pragmati=
c for each given instance. In the transport network, suppose we have a PNC,=
 some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a yet lower layer o=
f SDN. In such a case, the same
 controller would act as a PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC towa=
rd others. (Necessarily VNC because I&#8217;m told offline that only a VNC =
can span admin domains.) These distinctions do not seem like a useful ratho=
le to enter. The controllers at different
 levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; better ju=
st to call them all SDN controllers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think there was a =
misunderstanding. In your particular example, if a PNC is in charge of some=
 networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be another hierarchy
 below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and indeed that PNC=
 might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath its control domai=
n. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its network control. Thi=
s does not simply need not be known
 to what is above the PNC. Each PNC represents a control of some network co=
mprising an end to end network. It can be a single domain control or contro=
l multi domain. SDN controller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. Ther=
e may be other controllers such
 as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control. <o:p></o:p=
></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The framework suggests that the PC=
E lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a single well-defined PNC layer, this=
 denies the more abstract layers the ability to compute
 paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are constrained by=
 the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing what those constr=
aints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported across a business =
boundary to a customer whose VN
 may be complex enough to justify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to=
 be available at multiple levels of virtualization: let it be available to =
anyone who needs it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Actually there is al=
ways PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. Perhaps, there needs more cl=
arification in the document. We used PCE means to what PCE does
 in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have resource manage=
r (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks), likewise CNC wh=
ere customers want to compute their paths within the confines of VNs alloca=
ted to them.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Arguably the major issue with the =
draft is that it does not recognize the importance of the manager actor in =
the provider-customer relationship. The SDN architecture
 explains that the provider&#8217;s manager is necessarily responsible for =
creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for installing =
policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to both prote=
ct the customer from other customers (privacy
 and QoS) and to protect the provider&#8217;s own resources from customer m=
isbehaviour, whether intentional or otherwise. In particular, the draft ref=
ers to the customer app creating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted =
to create its own VN except perhaps as
 a mere subnet of the &#8220;real&#8221; VN created under the auspices of a=
 business negotiation by the provider&#8217;s manager. (And yes, the SDN ar=
chitecture also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example=
 if the customer invokes a service provisioning portal
 with credentials that permit billing.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good point. This is =
one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on more. Your contribution is wel=
come for this.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Completeness, common concepts, int=
erfaces and terminology could all be facilitated by starting with the umbre=
lla SDN architecture available at
<a href=3D"https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-reso=
urces/technical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf">
https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/techn=
ical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf</a>, and then specializing it.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good reference, I ha=
ve to say, which the latest version included as one of the references.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dave<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3FD8Bdfweml706chm_--


From nobody Thu Oct 23 01:14:37 2014
Return-Path: <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 33BDE1A8907 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu, 23 Oct 2014 01:14:34 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -4.2
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.2 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id DOuH3S9dRMgs for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu, 23 Oct 2014 01:14:28 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from sessmg23.ericsson.net (sessmg23.ericsson.net [193.180.251.45]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id F09F81A885B for <actn@ietf.org>; Thu, 23 Oct 2014 01:14:27 -0700 (PDT)
X-AuditID: c1b4fb2d-f793d6d000005356-a0-5448b8e1c51a
Received: from ESESSHC006.ericsson.se (Unknown_Domain [153.88.253.124]) by sessmg23.ericsson.net (Symantec Mail Security) with SMTP id B9.FC.21334.1E8B8445; Thu, 23 Oct 2014 10:14:25 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from ESESSMB301.ericsson.se ([169.254.1.4]) by ESESSHC006.ericsson.se ([153.88.183.36]) with mapi id 14.03.0174.001; Thu, 23 Oct 2014 10:14:25 +0200
From: Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>
To: Dave Hood <dave.hood@ericsson.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
Thread-Index: Ac/tbea1DOR7hvbLT6q34yEim3G4lQBKFq5A
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2014 08:14:24 +0000
Message-ID: <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE48127B7B8E@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se>
References: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F538AEA@eusaamb105.ericsson.se>
In-Reply-To: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F538AEA@eusaamb105.ericsson.se>
Accept-Language: it-IT, en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [153.88.183.18]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE48127B7B8EESESSMB301erics_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Brightmail-Tracker: H4sIAAAAAAAAA+NgFnrLLMWRmVeSWpSXmKPExsUyM+Jvje7DHR4hBq+6tC229Fxgc2D0WLLk J1MAYxSXTUpqTmZZapG+XQJXxtKPh9gL1kxgrPg5awFrA+OLqi5GTg4JAROJtgNnGCFsMYkL 99azdTFycQgJHGWUuPn4GBtIQkhgEaPE8U/WXYwcHGwCVhJPDvmAhEUE3CXe318EViIsYC2x bc9xZoi4jcTfdZ+YIGwjibn3NrGC2CwCqhL398xmAhnDK+Ar0TBVCGK6r8Sxq5fZQcKcAn4S R+44gYQZBWQlJuxeBHYZs4C4xK0n85kgrhSQWLLnPDOELSrx8vE/VghbUeLjq31Q9fkS/ffX gdXwCghKnJz5hGUCo8gsJKNmISmbhaQMIq4ncWPqFDYIW1ti2cLXzBC2rsSMf4dYkMUXMLKv YhQtTi0uzk03MtZLLcpMLi7Oz9PLSy3ZxAiMn4NbfuvuYFz92vEQowAHoxIPb8JMjxAh1sSy 4srcQ4zSHCxK4ryLzs0LFhJITyxJzU5NLUgtii8qzUktPsTIxMEp1cDo9JS/7e11x5xYvltm X597eZdLFi1OXrKlZ5egVkhU7/Gm9zYtKt/vG31gatrc4Mdz+5u0UuOdggcry15lvVp9ZX7a nfaYmc/EDVrPbDbX0q9XbGI+5jil6zCTWhXjHbtnNd9Nfn53O53TyuL/Ldm9f/qdAyeLtdeY tG05EWv5pefuzte/XWYosRRnJBpqMRcVJwIAGWQCEYACAAA=
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/d8Bt5dIOqP_TrBDinKjtctb7N_I
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2014 08:14:34 -0000

--_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE48127B7B8EESESSMB301erics_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Dave,

Adding some further comments in line.

Thank a lot for the detailed review, much appreciated.

BR
Daniele

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dave Hood
Sent: mercoled=EC 22 ottobre 2014 00:44
To: actn@ietf.org
Subject: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

I shared several comments on the new draft with the editors, but a few of t=
hem are more than editorial, so I'm posting them for wider discussion.

Operators have been trying to break silos for decades. It is okay to specia=
lize the SDN architecture into a unique transport view, but we ought not cr=
eate separate concepts, interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong =
justifications to depart from other domains. We should make best efforts to=
 integrate transport SDN views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. W=
e do not want to re-create silos in the SDN world.
[[DanCe]] I think what is missing here is that ACTN is not only SDN...it is=
 also SDN. I start to think that the PNC term is misleading. The PNC is not=
 necessarily an SDN controller, it is "something" that controls a network, =
it can be an SDN controller, can be an NMS, can be a PCE+ on top of a GMPLS=
 network. The idea is to use the VNC as the enabler to put all of these sil=
os together. I fully agree that the idea of the SDN is to break the silos, =
but in my opinion the goal of ACTN is the one of take the existing silos an=
d make them interwork.

Having said that, it is of course always the operator's option to deploy SD=
N in separate technology silos according to its own practices. The architec=
ture is general, but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.

An example of specialization is the proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarc=
hy or recursion appears to be restricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally,=
 stacking is valid in any layer, and even the layer classification is to so=
me extent pragmatic for each given instance. In the transport network, supp=
ose we have a PNC, some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a=
 yet lower layer of SDN. In such a case, the same controller would act as a=
 PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC toward others. (Necessarily VN=
C because I'm told offline that only a VNC can span admin domains.) These d=
istinctions do not seem like a useful rathole to enter. The controllers at =
different levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; =
better just to call them all SDN controllers.
[[DanCe]] there is parallel thread on that and we'll see the different appr=
oaches being presented and discussed at the BoF. It will be interesting. Pe=
r my previous comment I see the recursion between VNCs as the PNC could or =
could not be an SDN controller. Maybe you could argue that in case the PNC =
is an SDN controller it is not different from the VNC. The other thread on =
the list regards interfaces (whether interfaces B and C are the same of dif=
ferent ones). I think sorting that out could also help understand what are =
the differences between the PNC SDN controller and the VNC...if any.

Regarding domain boundaries I think the definition of boundary includes all=
 the nodes under the control of the same PNC (I could be also multiple GMPL=
S domains, but all of them controlled by the same PNC). This is based on th=
e assumption that  a node can't be under the control of multiple PNC. It is=
 a strong assumption but I think reasonable, isn't it?

The framework suggests that the PCE lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a s=
ingle well-defined PNC layer, this denies the more abstract layers the abil=
ity to compute paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are =
constrained by the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing wha=
t those constraints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported acro=
ss a business boundary to a customer whose VN may be complex enough to just=
ify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to be available at multiple leve=
ls of virtualization: let it be available to anyone who needs it.
[[DanCe]]IMHO there is one PCE at PNC layer and a PCE at VNC layer. I've al=
ways assumed the PCE inside the SDN controller but it is correct to assume =
that is could also be outside. I see this architecture much alike the H-PCE=
 one.


Arguably the major issue with the draft is that it does not recognize the i=
mportance of the manager actor in the provider-customer relationship. The S=
DN architecture explains that the provider's manager is necessarily respons=
ible for creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for in=
stalling policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to b=
oth protect the customer from other customers (privacy and QoS) and to prot=
ect the provider's own resources from customer misbehaviour, whether intent=
ional or otherwise. In particular, the draft refers to the customer app cre=
ating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted to create its own VN except=
 perhaps as a mere subnet of the "real" VN created under the auspices of a =
business negotiation by the provider's manager. (And yes, the SDN architect=
ure also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example if the=
 customer invokes a service provisioning portal with credentials that permi=
t billing.)
[[DanCe]] This is what is assumed to be done by the VNC proxy in both the P=
NC and VNC. We can rename it manger to get aligned with the ONF-ARCH.

Completeness, common concepts, interfaces and terminology could all be faci=
litated by starting with the umbrella SDN architecture available at https:/=
/www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/technical-re=
ports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf, and then specializing it.

Dave

--_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE48127B7B8EESESSMB301erics_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-=
1">
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 14 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Bookman Old Style";
	panose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
span.EmailStyle17
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle18
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
	margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Adding some further co=
mments in line.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thank a lot for the de=
tailed review, much appreciated.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">BR<br>
Daniele<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm =
4.0pt">
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> ACTN [ma=
ilto:actn-bounces@ietf.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Dave Hood<br>
<b>Sent:</b> mercoled=EC 22 ottobre 2014 00:44<br>
<b>To:</b> actn@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">I shared several comments on the n=
ew draft with the editors, but a few of them are more than editorial, so I&=
#8217;m posting them for wider discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Operators have been trying to brea=
k silos for decades. It is okay to specialize the SDN architecture into a u=
nique transport view, but we ought not create separate concepts,
 interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong justifications to depar=
t from other domains. We should make best efforts to integrate transport SD=
N views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. We do not want to re-cre=
ate silos in the SDN world.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><i><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">[[DanCe]] I thin=
k what is missing here is that ACTN is not only SDN&#8230;it is also SDN. I=
 start to think that the PNC term is misleading. The PNC is not necessarily=
 an SDN controller, it is &#8220;something&#8221; that
 controls a network, it can be an SDN controller, can be an NMS, can be a P=
CE&#43; on top of a GMPLS network. The idea is to use the VNC as the enable=
r to put all of these silos together. I fully agree that the idea of the SD=
N is to break the silos, but in my opinion
 the goal of ACTN is the one of take the existing silos and make them inter=
work.</span></i></b><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Having said that, it is of course =
always the operator&#8217;s option to deploy SDN in separate technology sil=
os according to its own practices. The architecture is general,
 but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">An example of specialization is th=
e proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarchy or recursion appears to be rest=
ricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally, stacking is valid
 in any layer, and even the layer classification is to some extent pragmati=
c for each given instance. In the transport network, suppose we have a PNC,=
 some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a yet lower layer o=
f SDN. In such a case, the same
 controller would act as a PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC towa=
rd others. (Necessarily VNC because I&#8217;m told offline that only a VNC =
can span admin domains.) These distinctions do not seem like a useful ratho=
le to enter. The controllers at different
 levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; better ju=
st to call them all SDN controllers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><i><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">[[DanCe]] there =
is parallel thread on that and we&#8217;ll see the different approaches bei=
ng presented and discussed at the BoF. It will be interesting. Per my previ=
ous comment I see the recursion between VNCs
 as the PNC could or could not be an SDN controller. Maybe you could argue =
that in case the PNC is an SDN controller it is not different from the VNC.=
 The other thread on the list regards interfaces (whether interfaces B and =
C are the same of different ones).
 I think sorting that out could also help understand what are the differenc=
es between the PNC SDN controller and the VNC&#8230;if any.<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></i></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><i><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p=
></span></i></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><i><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regarding domain=
 boundaries I think the definition of boundary includes all the nodes under=
 the control of the same PNC (I could be also multiple GMPLS domains, but a=
ll of them controlled by the same PNC).
 This is based on the assumption that&nbsp; a node can&#8217;t be under the=
 control of multiple PNC. It is a strong assumption but I think reasonable,=
 isn&#8217;t it?</span></i></b><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The framework suggests that the PC=
E lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a single well-defined PNC layer, this=
 denies the more abstract layers the ability to compute
 paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are constrained by=
 the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing what those constr=
aints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported across a business =
boundary to a customer whose VN
 may be complex enough to justify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to=
 be available at multiple levels of virtualization: let it be available to =
anyone who needs it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><i><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">[[DanCe]]IMHO th=
ere is one PCE at PNC layer and a PCE at VNC layer. I&#8217;ve always assum=
ed the PCE inside the SDN controller but it is correct to assume that is co=
uld also be outside. I see this architecture
 much alike the H-PCE one.</span></i></b><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Arguably the major issue with the =
draft is that it does not recognize the importance of the manager actor in =
the provider-customer relationship. The SDN architecture
 explains that the provider&#8217;s manager is necessarily responsible for =
creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for installing =
policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to both prote=
ct the customer from other customers (privacy
 and QoS) and to protect the provider&#8217;s own resources from customer m=
isbehaviour, whether intentional or otherwise. In particular, the draft ref=
ers to the customer app creating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted =
to create its own VN except perhaps as
 a mere subnet of the &#8220;real&#8221; VN created under the auspices of a=
 business negotiation by the provider&#8217;s manager. (And yes, the SDN ar=
chitecture also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example=
 if the customer invokes a service provisioning portal
 with credentials that permit billing.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><i><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">[[DanCe]] This i=
s what is assumed to be done by the VNC proxy in both the PNC and VNC. We c=
an rename it manger to get aligned with the ONF-ARCH.</span></i></b><span s=
tyle=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Completeness, common concepts, int=
erfaces and terminology could all be facilitated by starting with the umbre=
lla SDN architecture available at
<a href=3D"https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-reso=
urces/technical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf">
https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/techn=
ical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf</a>, and then specializing it.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dave<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE48127B7B8EESESSMB301erics_--


From nobody Thu Oct 23 08:14:40 2014
Return-Path: <dave.hood@ericsson.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F11A41AC3B5 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu, 23 Oct 2014 08:14:37 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.6
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.6 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW=-0.7, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id QfCFdvDFNy_0 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Thu, 23 Oct 2014 08:14:31 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from usevmg20.ericsson.net (usevmg20.ericsson.net [198.24.6.45]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 840011AC3A2 for <actn@ietf.org>; Thu, 23 Oct 2014 08:14:31 -0700 (PDT)
X-AuditID: c618062d-f79206d0000014d2-81-5448c3a32fef
Received: from EUSAAHC008.ericsson.se (Unknown_Domain [147.117.188.96]) by usevmg20.ericsson.net (Symantec Mail Security) with SMTP id 48.D7.05330.3A3C8445; Thu, 23 Oct 2014 11:00:20 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from EUSAAMB105.ericsson.se ([147.117.188.122]) by EUSAAHC008.ericsson.se ([147.117.188.96]) with mapi id 14.03.0174.001; Thu, 23 Oct 2014 11:14:29 -0400
From: Dave Hood <dave.hood@ericsson.com>
To: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
Thread-Index: Ac/tbea1DOR7hvbLT6q34yEim3G4lQA8lxLgAByrSPA=
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2014 15:14:29 +0000
Message-ID: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53C349@eusaamb105.ericsson.se>
References: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F538AEA@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3FD8B@dfweml706-chm>
In-Reply-To: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3FD8B@dfweml706-chm>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [147.117.188.10]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53C349eusaamb105erics_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Brightmail-Tracker: H4sIAAAAAAAAA+NgFnrHLMWRmVeSWpSXmKPExsUyuXRPgu6Swx4hBr8XMFts6bnAZjFtnqsD k0fLkbesHkuW/GQKYIrisklJzcksSy3St0vgyljVOpux4Nguxor2P1cYGxhPLmDsYuTkkBAw kXh9fAEzhC0mceHeerYuRi4OIYGjjBJnbm5mhXCWM0rcOXmKDaSKTUBD4smlyUwgtoiAs8SG 7UfBuoUFrCW27TnODBG3kfi77hNUjZXEkRf3WLoYOThYBFQlZr63AwnzCvhK9DXsZ4aY38Eo sXR6MytIglPAVaKxvR1sFyPQRd9PrQGbwywgLnHryXwmiEsFJJbsOQ91tajEy8f/WCFsJYlJ S8+xQtTnSzxcM58ZYpmgxMmZT1gmMIrMQjJqFpKyWUjKIOI6Egt2f2KDsLUlli18zQxjnznw mAlZfAEj+ypGjtLi1LLcdCODTYzACDomwaa7g3HPS8tDjAIcjEo8vA80PEKEWBPLiitzDzFK c7AoifPOqp0XLCSQnliSmp2aWpBaFF9UmpNafIiRiYNTqoFxl3vu5qM/CrZIMl2P+FLts0g7 aVFTj5uu0PPYbVzPX97PWDtL0zY76V+F/foFZe1TL3e88FmV9W3n+s+fd6Ux3iv5faHkZNDH Q+7cM8ysNFaFxDnm3an+FbuKzdnz7GSZ5+nR6+U0ZzdNn8y9InFl5fFG/8uCuty6iWcnnT3n nGcw4fDd/t35SizFGYmGWsxFxYkAFnf0UYECAAA=
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/-1Vctz301zyZa57iO27W9evamC0
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2014 15:14:38 -0000

--_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53C349eusaamb105erics_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Thanks, Young. A couple of responses:

The suggested SDN architecture that was developed in ONF includes the possi=
bility that layers at either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN =
environments. An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environmen=
t, supporting SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment i=
s certainly necessary, no question about it.

As to the ONF SDN architecture suggestion, be clear that there is no questi=
on of demanding that anyone accept any particular input. The point was to c=
all attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, t=
o the purpose of adding new value to the discussion.

Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks for providing your perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.

Best regards,
Young

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dave Hood
Sent: Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

I shared several comments on the new draft with the editors, but a few of t=
hem are more than editorial, so I'm posting them for wider discussion.

Operators have been trying to break silos for decades. It is okay to specia=
lize the SDN architecture into a unique transport view, but we ought not cr=
eate separate concepts, interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong =
justifications to depart from other domains. We should make best efforts to=
 integrate transport SDN views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. W=
e do not want to re-create silos in the SDN world.

YOUNG>> I think you are talking about SDN from a green field perspective. T=
-SDN could mean different things to different set of people including diffe=
rent SDOs. It seems to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basi=
s of discussion here. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture =
document produced mid this year. On the other hand, there are different vie=
ws of what T-SDN means in other parts of the world. Therefore I think it wo=
uld be a bit over bearing to demand other views to be subjected to one view=
.

Having said that, it is of course always the operator's option to deploy SD=
N in separate technology silos according to its own practices. The architec=
ture is general, but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.

YOUNG>> Agree. Operators want to build on top of what they have deployed wh=
ile pursuing new green field. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable lega=
cy control/management domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SD=
N (openflow) control.

An example of specialization is the proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarc=
hy or recursion appears to be restricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally,=
 stacking is valid in any layer, and even the layer classification is to so=
me extent pragmatic for each given instance. In the transport network, supp=
ose we have a PNC, some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a=
 yet lower layer of SDN. In such a case, the same controller would act as a=
 PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC toward others. (Necessarily VN=
C because I'm told offline that only a VNC can span admin domains.) These d=
istinctions do not seem like a useful rathole to enter. The controllers at =
different levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; =
better just to call them all SDN controllers.

YOUNG>> I think there was a misunderstanding. In your particular example, i=
f a PNC is in charge of some networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be a=
nother hierarchy below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and=
 indeed that PNC might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath i=
ts control domain. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its netw=
ork control. This does not simply need not be known to what is above the PN=
C. Each PNC represents a control of some network comprising an end to end n=
etwork. It can be a single domain control or control multi domain. SDN cont=
roller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. There may be other controlle=
rs such as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control.

The framework suggests that the PCE lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a s=
ingle well-defined PNC layer, this denies the more abstract layers the abil=
ity to compute paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are =
constrained by the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing wha=
t those constraints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported acro=
ss a business boundary to a customer whose VN may be complex enough to just=
ify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to be available at multiple leve=
ls of virtualization: let it be available to anyone who needs it.

YOUNG>> Actually there is always PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. =
Perhaps, there needs more clarification in the document. We used PCE means =
to what PCE does in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have=
 resource manager (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks),=
 likewise CNC where customers want to compute their paths within the confin=
es of VNs allocated to them.


Arguably the major issue with the draft is that it does not recognize the i=
mportance of the manager actor in the provider-customer relationship. The S=
DN architecture explains that the provider's manager is necessarily respons=
ible for creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for in=
stalling policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to b=
oth protect the customer from other customers (privacy and QoS) and to prot=
ect the provider's own resources from customer misbehaviour, whether intent=
ional or otherwise. In particular, the draft refers to the customer app cre=
ating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted to create its own VN except=
 perhaps as a mere subnet of the "real" VN created under the auspices of a =
business negotiation by the provider's manager. (And yes, the SDN architect=
ure also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example if the=
 customer invokes a service provisioning portal with credentials that permi=
t billing.)

YOUNG>> Good point. This is one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on mo=
re. Your contribution is welcome for this.

Completeness, common concepts, interfaces and terminology could all be faci=
litated by starting with the umbrella SDN architecture available at https:/=
/www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/technical-re=
ports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf, and then specializing it.

YOUNG>> Good reference, I have to say, which the latest version included as=
 one of the references.

Dave

--_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53C349eusaamb105erics_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"=
>
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 14 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Bookman Old Style";
	panose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle17
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle18
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle19
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks, Young. A cou=
ple of responses:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">The suggested SDN ar=
chitecture that was developed in ONF includes the possibility that layers a=
t either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN environments.
 An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environment, supporting=
 SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment is certainly n=
ecessary, no question about it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">As to the ONF SDN ar=
chitecture suggestion, be clear that there is no question of demanding that=
 anyone accept any particular input. The point was to call
 attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, to t=
he purpose of adding new value to the discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for providing y=
our perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Best regards,<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> ACTN [<a=
 href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Dave Hood<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">I shared several comments on the n=
ew draft with the editors, but a few of them are more than editorial, so I&=
#8217;m posting them for wider discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Operators have been trying to brea=
k silos for decades. It is okay to specialize the SDN architecture into a u=
nique transport view, but we ought not create separate concepts,
 interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong justifications to depar=
t from other domains. We should make best efforts to integrate transport SD=
N views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. We do not want to re-cre=
ate silos in the SDN world.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think you are talk=
ing about SDN from a green field perspective. T-SDN could mean different th=
ings to different set of people including different SDOs. It seems
 to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basis of discussion her=
e. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture document produced m=
id this year. On the other hand, there are different views of what T-SDN me=
ans in other parts of the world.
 Therefore I think it would be a bit over bearing to demand other views to =
be subjected to one view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Having said that, it is of course =
always the operator&#8217;s option to deploy SDN in separate technology sil=
os according to its own practices. The architecture is general,
 but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. Operators wan=
t to build on top of what they have deployed while pursuing new green field=
. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable legacy control/management
 domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SDN (openflow) control.=
 <o:p>
</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">An example of specialization is th=
e proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarchy or recursion appears to be rest=
ricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally, stacking is valid
 in any layer, and even the layer classification is to some extent pragmati=
c for each given instance. In the transport network, suppose we have a PNC,=
 some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a yet lower layer o=
f SDN. In such a case, the same
 controller would act as a PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC towa=
rd others. (Necessarily VNC because I&#8217;m told offline that only a VNC =
can span admin domains.) These distinctions do not seem like a useful ratho=
le to enter. The controllers at different
 levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; better ju=
st to call them all SDN controllers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think there was a =
misunderstanding. In your particular example, if a PNC is in charge of some=
 networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be another hierarchy
 below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and indeed that PNC=
 might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath its control domai=
n. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its network control. Thi=
s does not simply need not be known
 to what is above the PNC. Each PNC represents a control of some network co=
mprising an end to end network. It can be a single domain control or contro=
l multi domain. SDN controller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. Ther=
e may be other controllers such
 as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control. <o:p></o:p=
></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The framework suggests that the PC=
E lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a single well-defined PNC layer, this=
 denies the more abstract layers the ability to compute
 paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are constrained by=
 the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing what those constr=
aints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported across a business =
boundary to a customer whose VN
 may be complex enough to justify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to=
 be available at multiple levels of virtualization: let it be available to =
anyone who needs it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Actually there is al=
ways PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. Perhaps, there needs more cl=
arification in the document. We used PCE means to what PCE does
 in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have resource manage=
r (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks), likewise CNC wh=
ere customers want to compute their paths within the confines of VNs alloca=
ted to them.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Arguably the major issue with the =
draft is that it does not recognize the importance of the manager actor in =
the provider-customer relationship. The SDN architecture
 explains that the provider&#8217;s manager is necessarily responsible for =
creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for installing =
policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to both prote=
ct the customer from other customers (privacy
 and QoS) and to protect the provider&#8217;s own resources from customer m=
isbehaviour, whether intentional or otherwise. In particular, the draft ref=
ers to the customer app creating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted =
to create its own VN except perhaps as
 a mere subnet of the &#8220;real&#8221; VN created under the auspices of a=
 business negotiation by the provider&#8217;s manager. (And yes, the SDN ar=
chitecture also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example=
 if the customer invokes a service provisioning portal
 with credentials that permit billing.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good point. This is =
one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on more. Your contribution is wel=
come for this.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Completeness, common concepts, int=
erfaces and terminology could all be facilitated by starting with the umbre=
lla SDN architecture available at
<a href=3D"https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-reso=
urces/technical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf">
https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/techn=
ical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf</a>, and then specializing it.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good reference, I ha=
ve to say, which the latest version included as one of the references.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dave<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53C349eusaamb105erics_--


From nobody Fri Oct 24 08:58:40 2014
Return-Path: <leeyoung@huawei.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 241761A1B66 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 08:58:37 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -4.208
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.208 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HK_RANDOM_ENVFROM=0.001, HK_RANDOM_FROM=0.001, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, SPF_PASS=-0.001, T_RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.01] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id Ihqrk_RqbxQe for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 08:58:27 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from lhrrgout.huawei.com (lhrrgout.huawei.com [194.213.3.17]) (using TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 72A6B1A1AAD for <actn@ietf.org>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 08:58:03 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from 172.18.7.190 (EHLO lhreml401-hub.china.huawei.com) ([172.18.7.190]) by lhrrg01-dlp.huawei.com (MOS 4.3.7-GA FastPath queued) with ESMTP id BNZ98398; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 15:58:02 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from DFWEML704-CHM.china.huawei.com (10.193.5.141) by lhreml401-hub.china.huawei.com (10.201.5.240) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.158.1; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 16:57:54 +0100
Received: from DFWEML706-CHM.china.huawei.com ([10.193.5.225]) by dfweml704-chm ([10.193.5.141]) with mapi id 14.03.0158.001; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 08:57:48 -0700
From: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>
To: Dave Hood <dave.hood@ericsson.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
Thread-Index: Ac/tbea1DOR7hvbLT6q34yEim3G4lQA8lxLgAByrSPAAMwBfkA==
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 15:57:48 +0000
Message-ID: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C403EF@dfweml706-chm>
References: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F538AEA@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3FD8B@dfweml706-chm> <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53C349@eusaamb105.ericsson.se>
In-Reply-To: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53C349@eusaamb105.ericsson.se>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [10.47.132.195]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C403EFdfweml706chm_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-CFilter-Loop: Reflected
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/qc_3_U2NY-gtoTS4d9OQMtmxPSw
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 15:58:37 -0000

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C403EFdfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Dave,

Thanks for your further comments. I found this thread very helpful to clari=
fy different perspectives and some misunderstanding.

The three-tier control hierarchy discussed in the ACTN framework is "zoomin=
g" on the relationships across three entities (CNC, VNC, PNC). This does no=
t necessarily limit that is above and below these entities. There may be ot=
her hierarchy especially under PNCs. From this, I see neither contradiction=
 with nor reinventing the wheel of the notion of  "recursive" relationships=
 among the controllers, which is one of the main points in your SDN archite=
cture document. We used the term "hierarchy" (instead of "recursion") notin=
g that there is a certain recursive nature in modeling abstraction while sp=
ecifying some functional differences among the three-tier controllers.

Your SDN architecture specifies a PCE function in each control layer, which=
 is also very consistent with ACTN framework. We might need further termino=
logy alignment to avoid misunderstanding.

In regards to controller name, as Daniele suggested we are open to rename t=
hem if necessary. Igor has some idea as well on this. CNC, VNC and PNC are =
tied with some control functions. We can continue to work on this. Perhaps =
for IETF 91, we would stay with these terms and later if the work is warran=
ted, we can revisit this issue.

Please see inline for my responses.

Thanks,
Young



From: Dave Hood [mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 23, 2014 10:14 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Thanks, Young. A couple of responses:

The suggested SDN architecture that was developed in ONF includes the possi=
bility that layers at either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN =
environments. An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environmen=
t, supporting SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment i=
s certainly necessary, no question about it.

YOUNG>> Yes, this is important. In ACTN, we regard NMS/EMS as the domain co=
ntrol/management entity and with an added function to support "interface C"=
, NMS/EMS can be empowered to participate in virtualization regime. 80% of =
transport networks are controlled/managed by NMS/EMS today and enabling the=
m with network virtualization layer/function is one of the key requirements=
 from operators.

As to the ONF SDN architecture suggestion, be clear that there is no questi=
on of demanding that anyone accept any particular input. The point was to c=
all attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, t=
o the purpose of adding new value to the discussion.

YOUNG>> Thanks for this clarification. I think ACTN can complement ONF SDN =
architecture. I think by now many issues we discussed (e.g., hierarchy vs. =
recursiveness; pce function in each control layer, etc) are more or less al=
igned rather than being contradictory or re-inventing.

Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks for providing your perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.

Best regards,
Young

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dave Hood
Sent: Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

I shared several comments on the new draft with the editors, but a few of t=
hem are more than editorial, so I'm posting them for wider discussion.

Operators have been trying to break silos for decades. It is okay to specia=
lize the SDN architecture into a unique transport view, but we ought not cr=
eate separate concepts, interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong =
justifications to depart from other domains. We should make best efforts to=
 integrate transport SDN views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. W=
e do not want to re-create silos in the SDN world.

YOUNG>> I think you are talking about SDN from a green field perspective. T=
-SDN could mean different things to different set of people including diffe=
rent SDOs. It seems to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basi=
s of discussion here. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture =
document produced mid this year. On the other hand, there are different vie=
ws of what T-SDN means in other parts of the world. Therefore I think it wo=
uld be a bit over bearing to demand other views to be subjected to one view=
.

Having said that, it is of course always the operator's option to deploy SD=
N in separate technology silos according to its own practices. The architec=
ture is general, but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.

YOUNG>> Agree. Operators want to build on top of what they have deployed wh=
ile pursuing new green field. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable lega=
cy control/management domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SD=
N (openflow) control.

An example of specialization is the proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarc=
hy or recursion appears to be restricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally,=
 stacking is valid in any layer, and even the layer classification is to so=
me extent pragmatic for each given instance. In the transport network, supp=
ose we have a PNC, some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a=
 yet lower layer of SDN. In such a case, the same controller would act as a=
 PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC toward others. (Necessarily VN=
C because I'm told offline that only a VNC can span admin domains.) These d=
istinctions do not seem like a useful rathole to enter. The controllers at =
different levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; =
better just to call them all SDN controllers.

YOUNG>> I think there was a misunderstanding. In your particular example, i=
f a PNC is in charge of some networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be a=
nother hierarchy below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and=
 indeed that PNC might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath i=
ts control domain. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its netw=
ork control. This does not simply need not be known to what is above the PN=
C. Each PNC represents a control of some network comprising an end to end n=
etwork. It can be a single domain control or control multi domain. SDN cont=
roller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. There may be other controlle=
rs such as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control.

The framework suggests that the PCE lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a s=
ingle well-defined PNC layer, this denies the more abstract layers the abil=
ity to compute paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are =
constrained by the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing wha=
t those constraints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported acro=
ss a business boundary to a customer whose VN may be complex enough to just=
ify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to be available at multiple leve=
ls of virtualization: let it be available to anyone who needs it.

YOUNG>> Actually there is always PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. =
Perhaps, there needs more clarification in the document. We used PCE means =
to what PCE does in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have=
 resource manager (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks),=
 likewise CNC where customers want to compute their paths within the confin=
es of VNs allocated to them.


Arguably the major issue with the draft is that it does not recognize the i=
mportance of the manager actor in the provider-customer relationship. The S=
DN architecture explains that the provider's manager is necessarily respons=
ible for creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for in=
stalling policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to b=
oth protect the customer from other customers (privacy and QoS) and to prot=
ect the provider's own resources from customer misbehaviour, whether intent=
ional or otherwise. In particular, the draft refers to the customer app cre=
ating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted to create its own VN except=
 perhaps as a mere subnet of the "real" VN created under the auspices of a =
business negotiation by the provider's manager. (And yes, the SDN architect=
ure also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example if the=
 customer invokes a service provisioning portal with credentials that permi=
t billing.)

YOUNG>> Good point. This is one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on mo=
re. Your contribution is welcome for this.

Completeness, common concepts, interfaces and terminology could all be faci=
litated by starting with the umbrella SDN architecture available at https:/=
/www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/technical-re=
ports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf, and then specializing it.

YOUNG>> Good reference, I have to say, which the latest version included as=
 one of the references.

Dave

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C403EFdfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"=
>
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Bookman Old Style";
	panose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle19
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle20
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle21
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle22
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your furthe=
r comments. I found this thread very helpful to clarify different perspecti=
ves and some misunderstanding.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">The three-tier control=
 hierarchy discussed in the ACTN framework is &#8220;zooming&#8221; on the =
relationships across three entities (CNC, VNC, PNC). This does not necessar=
ily limit that is above and below these entities.
 There may be other hierarchy especially under PNCs. From this, I see neith=
er contradiction with nor reinventing the wheel of the notion of &nbsp;&#82=
20;recursive&#8221; relationships among the controllers, which is one of th=
e main points in your SDN architecture document.
 We used the term &#8220;hierarchy&#8221; (instead of &#8220;recursion&#822=
1;) noting that there is a certain recursive nature in modeling abstraction=
 while specifying some functional differences among the three-tier controll=
ers. &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Your SDN architecture =
specifies a PCE function in each control layer, which is also very consiste=
nt with ACTN framework. We might need further terminology alignment to avoi=
d misunderstanding.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">In regards to controll=
er name, as Daniele suggested we are open to rename them if necessary. Igor=
 has some idea as well on this. CNC, VNC and PNC are tied with some control=
 functions. We can continue to work
 on this. Perhaps for IETF 91, we would stay with these terms and later if =
the work is warranted, we can revisit this issue.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Please see inline for =
my responses.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young <o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Dave Hoo=
d [mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 23, 2014 10:14 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks, Young. A cou=
ple of responses:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">The suggested SDN ar=
chitecture that was developed in ONF includes the possibility that layers a=
t either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN environments.
 An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environment, supporting=
 SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment is certainly n=
ecessary, no question about it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes, t=
his is important. In ACTN, we regard NMS/EMS as the domain control/manageme=
nt entity and with an added function to support &#8220;interface C&#8221;,
 NMS/EMS can be empowered to participate in virtualization regime. 80% of t=
ransport networks are controlled/managed by NMS/EMS today and enabling them=
 with network virtualization layer/function is one of the key requirements =
from operators. &nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">As to the ONF SDN ar=
chitecture suggestion, be clear that there is no question of demanding that=
 anyone accept any particular input. The point was to call
 attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, to t=
he purpose of adding new value to the discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Thanks=
 for this clarification. I think ACTN can complement ONF SDN architecture. =
I think by now many issues we discussed (e.g., hierarchy vs. recursiveness;
 pce function in each control layer, etc) are more or less aligned rather t=
han being contradictory or re-inventing.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for providing y=
our perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Best regards,<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> ACTN [<a=
 href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Dave Hood<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">I shared several comments on the n=
ew draft with the editors, but a few of them are more than editorial, so I&=
#8217;m posting them for wider discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Operators have been trying to brea=
k silos for decades. It is okay to specialize the SDN architecture into a u=
nique transport view, but we ought not create separate concepts,
 interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong justifications to depar=
t from other domains. We should make best efforts to integrate transport SD=
N views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. We do not want to re-cre=
ate silos in the SDN world.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think you are talk=
ing about SDN from a green field perspective. T-SDN could mean different th=
ings to different set of people including different SDOs. It seems
 to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basis of discussion her=
e. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture document produced m=
id this year. On the other hand, there are different views of what T-SDN me=
ans in other parts of the world.
 Therefore I think it would be a bit over bearing to demand other views to =
be subjected to one view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Having said that, it is of course =
always the operator&#8217;s option to deploy SDN in separate technology sil=
os according to its own practices. The architecture is general,
 but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. Operators wan=
t to build on top of what they have deployed while pursuing new green field=
. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable legacy control/management
 domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SDN (openflow) control.=
 <o:p>
</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">An example of specialization is th=
e proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarchy or recursion appears to be rest=
ricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally, stacking is valid
 in any layer, and even the layer classification is to some extent pragmati=
c for each given instance. In the transport network, suppose we have a PNC,=
 some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a yet lower layer o=
f SDN. In such a case, the same
 controller would act as a PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC towa=
rd others. (Necessarily VNC because I&#8217;m told offline that only a VNC =
can span admin domains.) These distinctions do not seem like a useful ratho=
le to enter. The controllers at different
 levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; better ju=
st to call them all SDN controllers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think there was a =
misunderstanding. In your particular example, if a PNC is in charge of some=
 networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be another hierarchy
 below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and indeed that PNC=
 might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath its control domai=
n. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its network control. Thi=
s does not simply need not be known
 to what is above the PNC. Each PNC represents a control of some network co=
mprising an end to end network. It can be a single domain control or contro=
l multi domain. SDN controller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. Ther=
e may be other controllers such
 as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control. <o:p></o:p=
></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The framework suggests that the PC=
E lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a single well-defined PNC layer, this=
 denies the more abstract layers the ability to compute
 paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are constrained by=
 the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing what those constr=
aints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported across a business =
boundary to a customer whose VN
 may be complex enough to justify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to=
 be available at multiple levels of virtualization: let it be available to =
anyone who needs it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Actually there is al=
ways PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. Perhaps, there needs more cl=
arification in the document. We used PCE means to what PCE does
 in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have resource manage=
r (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks), likewise CNC wh=
ere customers want to compute their paths within the confines of VNs alloca=
ted to them.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Arguably the major issue with the =
draft is that it does not recognize the importance of the manager actor in =
the provider-customer relationship. The SDN architecture
 explains that the provider&#8217;s manager is necessarily responsible for =
creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for installing =
policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to both prote=
ct the customer from other customers (privacy
 and QoS) and to protect the provider&#8217;s own resources from customer m=
isbehaviour, whether intentional or otherwise. In particular, the draft ref=
ers to the customer app creating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted =
to create its own VN except perhaps as
 a mere subnet of the &#8220;real&#8221; VN created under the auspices of a=
 business negotiation by the provider&#8217;s manager. (And yes, the SDN ar=
chitecture also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example=
 if the customer invokes a service provisioning portal
 with credentials that permit billing.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good point. This is =
one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on more. Your contribution is wel=
come for this.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Completeness, common concepts, int=
erfaces and terminology could all be facilitated by starting with the umbre=
lla SDN architecture available at
<a href=3D"https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-reso=
urces/technical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf">
https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/techn=
ical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf</a>, and then specializing it.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good reference, I ha=
ve to say, which the latest version included as one of the references.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dave<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C403EFdfweml706chm_--


From nobody Fri Oct 24 09:19:13 2014
Return-Path: <dave.hood@ericsson.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D41311A6F22 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 09:19:11 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.6
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.6 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW=-0.7, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id M-fjbPi8ZwAE for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 09:19:04 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from usevmg21.ericsson.net (usevmg21.ericsson.net [198.24.6.65]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id CE4651A1B64 for <actn@ietf.org>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 09:18:29 -0700 (PDT)
X-AuditID: c6180641-f79916d00000623a-76-544a21a6d3d3
Received: from EUSAAHC008.ericsson.se (Unknown_Domain [147.117.188.96]) by usevmg21.ericsson.net (Symantec Mail Security) with SMTP id A8.26.25146.6A12A445; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 11:53:43 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from EUSAAMB105.ericsson.se ([147.117.188.122]) by EUSAAHC008.ericsson.se ([147.117.188.96]) with mapi id 14.03.0174.001; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 12:18:22 -0400
From: Dave Hood <dave.hood@ericsson.com>
To: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
Thread-Index: Ac/tbea1DOR7hvbLT6q34yEim3G4lQA8lxLgAByrSPAAMwBfkAABRejg
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 16:18:22 +0000
Message-ID: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53E408@eusaamb105.ericsson.se>
References: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F538AEA@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3FD8B@dfweml706-chm> <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53C349@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C403EF@dfweml706-chm>
In-Reply-To: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C403EF@dfweml706-chm>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [147.117.188.11]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53E408eusaamb105erics_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Brightmail-Tracker: H4sIAAAAAAAAA+NgFnrHLMWRmVeSWpSXmKPExsUyuXRPgu5yRa8Qg98zmS229Fxgs5g2z9WB yaPlyFtWjyVLfjIFMEVx2aSk5mSWpRbp2yVwZUz9856p4PIypoq1qxUaGCf9Y+xi5OSQEDCR OPduFROELSZx4d56ti5GLg4hgaOMEgteHoFyljNKrD8yEayKTUBD4smlyWC2iICzxIbtR5lB bGEBa4lte44zQ8RtJP6u+wRV4yYx68pcNhCbRUBVomn9PrDNvAK+Ele+zGeHWNDOJPF58hOw Ik4BV4mTT3aD2YxAJ30/tQZsELOAuMStJ/OhThWQWLLnPDOELSrx8vE/VghbSeLjb5ChIPX5 Er0HNzNDLBOUODnzCcsERpFZSEbNQlI2C0kZRFxHYsHuT2wQtrbEsoWvmWHsMwceMyGLL2Bk X8XIUVqcWpabbmS4iREYQcck2Bx3MC74ZHmIUYCDUYmHV8HJM0SINbGsuDL3EKM0B4uSOK9m 9bxgIYH0xJLU7NTUgtSi+KLSnNTiQ4xMHJxSDYzTD0/dvijFOvWw+dc2748PBaeKdL6cllVc IXQnmYmhpdLx28rfWbVzWxYxRbyuv+Wwcad1II/WV7tZCy4d+NzOFz7h90VJ1Y/xOtq3GWN2 1zs2rDQzXCO5NuvtGW+lWsuSnwq/dnsuVFGPEf3UezwtZaVP+qwtil9Ctfhm9Budsi685L22 5ZESS3FGoqEWc1FxIgAvnxsigQIAAA==
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/F53z85TanGU6PyTyvIlQvlsUoXI
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 16:19:12 -0000

--_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53E408eusaamb105erics_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Thanks, Young. Try the following proposal to see if it aligns our perspecti=
ves:

For either hierarchy or recursion, as used here, we need each successive la=
yer to be fundamentally of the same type as the one above/below it, likewis=
e for the interfaces. That's why the SDN architecture calls all of them SDN=
 controllers, and all of the interfaces CPIs (controller plane interfaces).

I think we can align our views by introducing roles. The SDN architecture i=
magines that we take the perspective of some given SDN controller, from whi=
ch we see a (virtual) data plane to our south and a (virtual) applications =
plane to our north.

>From the discussion on this thread, I think the ACTN framework steps outsid=
e one particular SDN controller, and instead stands on the boundary between=
 a pair of adjacent SDN controllers, one of which plays the role PNC, the o=
ther of which plays the role VNC. If we think of it as a boundary or an int=
erface view, we have reduced visibility, maybe no visibility, of what happe=
ns further down or further up. We already omit discussion of applications n=
orth of the VNC; would it make sense to minimize the discussion of physical=
 functions further south of the PNC?

After all, if we really insist that the PNC talk to iron, we necessarily ca=
re about boxes and circuit packs, redundant cooling shelves and power feeds=
, hardware failure and repair, software upgrade.... If these are out of sco=
pe for ACTN, and I believe they are, then we shouldn't really care whether =
there is iron down there or a virtual network.

What do you think?
Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 8:58 AM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks for your further comments. I found this thread very helpful to clari=
fy different perspectives and some misunderstanding.

The three-tier control hierarchy discussed in the ACTN framework is "zoomin=
g" on the relationships across three entities (CNC, VNC, PNC). This does no=
t necessarily limit that is above and below these entities. There may be ot=
her hierarchy especially under PNCs. From this, I see neither contradiction=
 with nor reinventing the wheel of the notion of  "recursive" relationships=
 among the controllers, which is one of the main points in your SDN archite=
cture document. We used the term "hierarchy" (instead of "recursion") notin=
g that there is a certain recursive nature in modeling abstraction while sp=
ecifying some functional differences among the three-tier controllers.

Your SDN architecture specifies a PCE function in each control layer, which=
 is also very consistent with ACTN framework. We might need further termino=
logy alignment to avoid misunderstanding.

In regards to controller name, as Daniele suggested we are open to rename t=
hem if necessary. Igor has some idea as well on this. CNC, VNC and PNC are =
tied with some control functions. We can continue to work on this. Perhaps =
for IETF 91, we would stay with these terms and later if the work is warran=
ted, we can revisit this issue.

Please see inline for my responses.

Thanks,
Young



From: Dave Hood [mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 23, 2014 10:14 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Thanks, Young. A couple of responses:

The suggested SDN architecture that was developed in ONF includes the possi=
bility that layers at either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN =
environments. An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environmen=
t, supporting SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment i=
s certainly necessary, no question about it.

YOUNG>> Yes, this is important. In ACTN, we regard NMS/EMS as the domain co=
ntrol/management entity and with an added function to support "interface C"=
, NMS/EMS can be empowered to participate in virtualization regime. 80% of =
transport networks are controlled/managed by NMS/EMS today and enabling the=
m with network virtualization layer/function is one of the key requirements=
 from operators.

As to the ONF SDN architecture suggestion, be clear that there is no questi=
on of demanding that anyone accept any particular input. The point was to c=
all attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, t=
o the purpose of adding new value to the discussion.

YOUNG>> Thanks for this clarification. I think ACTN can complement ONF SDN =
architecture. I think by now many issues we discussed (e.g., hierarchy vs. =
recursiveness; pce function in each control layer, etc) are more or less al=
igned rather than being contradictory or re-inventing.

Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks for providing your perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.

Best regards,
Young

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dave Hood
Sent: Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

I shared several comments on the new draft with the editors, but a few of t=
hem are more than editorial, so I'm posting them for wider discussion.

Operators have been trying to break silos for decades. It is okay to specia=
lize the SDN architecture into a unique transport view, but we ought not cr=
eate separate concepts, interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong =
justifications to depart from other domains. We should make best efforts to=
 integrate transport SDN views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. W=
e do not want to re-create silos in the SDN world.

YOUNG>> I think you are talking about SDN from a green field perspective. T=
-SDN could mean different things to different set of people including diffe=
rent SDOs. It seems to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basi=
s of discussion here. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture =
document produced mid this year. On the other hand, there are different vie=
ws of what T-SDN means in other parts of the world. Therefore I think it wo=
uld be a bit over bearing to demand other views to be subjected to one view=
.

Having said that, it is of course always the operator's option to deploy SD=
N in separate technology silos according to its own practices. The architec=
ture is general, but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.

YOUNG>> Agree. Operators want to build on top of what they have deployed wh=
ile pursuing new green field. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable lega=
cy control/management domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SD=
N (openflow) control.

An example of specialization is the proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarc=
hy or recursion appears to be restricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally,=
 stacking is valid in any layer, and even the layer classification is to so=
me extent pragmatic for each given instance. In the transport network, supp=
ose we have a PNC, some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a=
 yet lower layer of SDN. In such a case, the same controller would act as a=
 PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC toward others. (Necessarily VN=
C because I'm told offline that only a VNC can span admin domains.) These d=
istinctions do not seem like a useful rathole to enter. The controllers at =
different levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; =
better just to call them all SDN controllers.

YOUNG>> I think there was a misunderstanding. In your particular example, i=
f a PNC is in charge of some networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be a=
nother hierarchy below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and=
 indeed that PNC might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath i=
ts control domain. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its netw=
ork control. This does not simply need not be known to what is above the PN=
C. Each PNC represents a control of some network comprising an end to end n=
etwork. It can be a single domain control or control multi domain. SDN cont=
roller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. There may be other controlle=
rs such as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control.

The framework suggests that the PCE lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a s=
ingle well-defined PNC layer, this denies the more abstract layers the abil=
ity to compute paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are =
constrained by the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing wha=
t those constraints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported acro=
ss a business boundary to a customer whose VN may be complex enough to just=
ify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to be available at multiple leve=
ls of virtualization: let it be available to anyone who needs it.

YOUNG>> Actually there is always PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. =
Perhaps, there needs more clarification in the document. We used PCE means =
to what PCE does in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have=
 resource manager (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks),=
 likewise CNC where customers want to compute their paths within the confin=
es of VNs allocated to them.


Arguably the major issue with the draft is that it does not recognize the i=
mportance of the manager actor in the provider-customer relationship. The S=
DN architecture explains that the provider's manager is necessarily respons=
ible for creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for in=
stalling policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to b=
oth protect the customer from other customers (privacy and QoS) and to prot=
ect the provider's own resources from customer misbehaviour, whether intent=
ional or otherwise. In particular, the draft refers to the customer app cre=
ating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted to create its own VN except=
 perhaps as a mere subnet of the "real" VN created under the auspices of a =
business negotiation by the provider's manager. (And yes, the SDN architect=
ure also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example if the=
 customer invokes a service provisioning portal with credentials that permi=
t billing.)

YOUNG>> Good point. This is one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on mo=
re. Your contribution is welcome for this.

Completeness, common concepts, interfaces and terminology could all be faci=
litated by starting with the umbrella SDN architecture available at https:/=
/www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/technical-re=
ports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf, and then specializing it.

YOUNG>> Good reference, I have to say, which the latest version included as=
 one of the references.

Dave

--_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53E408eusaamb105erics_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"=
>
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 14 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Bookman Old Style";
	panose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle19
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle20
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle21
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle22
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle23
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks, Young. Try t=
he following proposal to see if it aligns our perspectives:<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">For either hierarchy=
 or recursion, as used here, we need each successive layer to be fundamenta=
lly of the same type as the one above/below it, likewise
 for the interfaces. That&#8217;s why the SDN architecture calls all of the=
m SDN controllers, and all of the interfaces CPIs (controller plane interfa=
ces).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">I think we can align=
 our views by introducing roles. The SDN architecture imagines that we take=
 the perspective of some given SDN controller, from which
 we see a (virtual) data plane to our south and a (virtual) applications pl=
ane to our north.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">From the discussion =
on this thread, I think the ACTN framework steps outside one particular SDN=
 controller, and instead stands on the boundary between
 a pair of adjacent SDN controllers, one of which plays the role PNC, the o=
ther of which plays the role VNC. If we think of it as a boundary or an int=
erface view, we have reduced visibility, maybe no visibility, of what happe=
ns further down or further up. We
 already omit discussion of applications north of the VNC; would it make se=
nse to minimize the discussion of physical functions further south of the P=
NC?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">After all, if we rea=
lly insist that the PNC talk to iron, we necessarily care about boxes and c=
ircuit packs, redundant cooling shelves and power feeds,
 hardware failure and repair, software upgrade&#8230;. If these are out of =
scope for ACTN, and I believe they are, then we shouldn&#8217;t really care=
 whether there is iron down there or a virtual network.<o:p></o:p></span></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">What do you think?<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 8:58 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your furthe=
r comments. I found this thread very helpful to clarify different perspecti=
ves and some misunderstanding.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">The three-tier control=
 hierarchy discussed in the ACTN framework is &#8220;zooming&#8221; on the =
relationships across three entities (CNC, VNC, PNC). This does not necessar=
ily limit that is above and below these entities.
 There may be other hierarchy especially under PNCs. From this, I see neith=
er contradiction with nor reinventing the wheel of the notion of &nbsp;&#82=
20;recursive&#8221; relationships among the controllers, which is one of th=
e main points in your SDN architecture document.
 We used the term &#8220;hierarchy&#8221; (instead of &#8220;recursion&#822=
1;) noting that there is a certain recursive nature in modeling abstraction=
 while specifying some functional differences among the three-tier controll=
ers. &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Your SDN architecture =
specifies a PCE function in each control layer, which is also very consiste=
nt with ACTN framework. We might need further terminology alignment to avoi=
d misunderstanding.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">In regards to controll=
er name, as Daniele suggested we are open to rename them if necessary. Igor=
 has some idea as well on this. CNC, VNC and PNC are tied with some control=
 functions. We can continue to work
 on this. Perhaps for IETF 91, we would stay with these terms and later if =
the work is warranted, we can revisit this issue.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Please see inline for =
my responses.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young <o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Dave Hoo=
d [<a href=3D"mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com">mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com<=
/a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 23, 2014 10:14 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks, Young. A cou=
ple of responses:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">The suggested SDN ar=
chitecture that was developed in ONF includes the possibility that layers a=
t either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN environments.
 An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environment, supporting=
 SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment is certainly n=
ecessary, no question about it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes, t=
his is important. In ACTN, we regard NMS/EMS as the domain control/manageme=
nt entity and with an added function to support &#8220;interface C&#8221;,
 NMS/EMS can be empowered to participate in virtualization regime. 80% of t=
ransport networks are controlled/managed by NMS/EMS today and enabling them=
 with network virtualization layer/function is one of the key requirements =
from operators. &nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">As to the ONF SDN ar=
chitecture suggestion, be clear that there is no question of demanding that=
 anyone accept any particular input. The point was to call
 attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, to t=
he purpose of adding new value to the discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Thanks=
 for this clarification. I think ACTN can complement ONF SDN architecture. =
I think by now many issues we discussed (e.g., hierarchy vs. recursiveness;
 pce function in each control layer, etc) are more or less aligned rather t=
han being contradictory or re-inventing.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for providing y=
our perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Best regards,<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> ACTN [<a=
 href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Dave Hood<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">I shared several comments on the n=
ew draft with the editors, but a few of them are more than editorial, so I&=
#8217;m posting them for wider discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Operators have been trying to brea=
k silos for decades. It is okay to specialize the SDN architecture into a u=
nique transport view, but we ought not create separate concepts,
 interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong justifications to depar=
t from other domains. We should make best efforts to integrate transport SD=
N views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. We do not want to re-cre=
ate silos in the SDN world.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think you are talk=
ing about SDN from a green field perspective. T-SDN could mean different th=
ings to different set of people including different SDOs. It seems
 to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basis of discussion her=
e. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture document produced m=
id this year. On the other hand, there are different views of what T-SDN me=
ans in other parts of the world.
 Therefore I think it would be a bit over bearing to demand other views to =
be subjected to one view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Having said that, it is of course =
always the operator&#8217;s option to deploy SDN in separate technology sil=
os according to its own practices. The architecture is general,
 but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. Operators wan=
t to build on top of what they have deployed while pursuing new green field=
. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable legacy control/management
 domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SDN (openflow) control.=
 <o:p>
</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">An example of specialization is th=
e proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarchy or recursion appears to be rest=
ricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally, stacking is valid
 in any layer, and even the layer classification is to some extent pragmati=
c for each given instance. In the transport network, suppose we have a PNC,=
 some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a yet lower layer o=
f SDN. In such a case, the same
 controller would act as a PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC towa=
rd others. (Necessarily VNC because I&#8217;m told offline that only a VNC =
can span admin domains.) These distinctions do not seem like a useful ratho=
le to enter. The controllers at different
 levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; better ju=
st to call them all SDN controllers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think there was a =
misunderstanding. In your particular example, if a PNC is in charge of some=
 networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be another hierarchy
 below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and indeed that PNC=
 might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath its control domai=
n. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its network control. Thi=
s does not simply need not be known
 to what is above the PNC. Each PNC represents a control of some network co=
mprising an end to end network. It can be a single domain control or contro=
l multi domain. SDN controller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. Ther=
e may be other controllers such
 as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control. <o:p></o:p=
></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The framework suggests that the PC=
E lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a single well-defined PNC layer, this=
 denies the more abstract layers the ability to compute
 paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are constrained by=
 the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing what those constr=
aints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported across a business =
boundary to a customer whose VN
 may be complex enough to justify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to=
 be available at multiple levels of virtualization: let it be available to =
anyone who needs it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Actually there is al=
ways PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. Perhaps, there needs more cl=
arification in the document. We used PCE means to what PCE does
 in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have resource manage=
r (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks), likewise CNC wh=
ere customers want to compute their paths within the confines of VNs alloca=
ted to them.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Arguably the major issue with the =
draft is that it does not recognize the importance of the manager actor in =
the provider-customer relationship. The SDN architecture
 explains that the provider&#8217;s manager is necessarily responsible for =
creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for installing =
policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to both prote=
ct the customer from other customers (privacy
 and QoS) and to protect the provider&#8217;s own resources from customer m=
isbehaviour, whether intentional or otherwise. In particular, the draft ref=
ers to the customer app creating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted =
to create its own VN except perhaps as
 a mere subnet of the &#8220;real&#8221; VN created under the auspices of a=
 business negotiation by the provider&#8217;s manager. (And yes, the SDN ar=
chitecture also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example=
 if the customer invokes a service provisioning portal
 with credentials that permit billing.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good point. This is =
one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on more. Your contribution is wel=
come for this.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Completeness, common concepts, int=
erfaces and terminology could all be facilitated by starting with the umbre=
lla SDN architecture available at
<a href=3D"https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-reso=
urces/technical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf">
https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/techn=
ical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf</a>, and then specializing it.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good reference, I ha=
ve to say, which the latest version included as one of the references.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dave<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53E408eusaamb105erics_--


From nobody Fri Oct 24 10:38:31 2014
Return-Path: <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 25A781A8906 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 10:38:26 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -1.909
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-1.909 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, T_RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.01] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id gSMnhKprvsWb for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 10:38:15 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from mail3.advaoptical.com (mail3.advaoptical.com [74.202.24.82]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 78D321A895A for <actn@ietf.org>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 10:38:14 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com [172.16.5.39]) by atl-vs-fsmail.advaoptical.com (8.14.5/8.14.5) with ESMTP id s9OHc6jq016607 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=FAIL); Fri, 24 Oct 2014 13:38:07 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) by atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.39) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.181.6; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 13:38:06 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) by ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1044.5; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 13:38:06 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1]) by ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1%14]) with mapi id 15.00.1044.003; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 13:38:06 -0400
From: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
To: Dave Hood <dave.hood@ericsson.com>, Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
Thread-Index: Ac/tbea1DOR7hvbLT6q34yEim3G4lQA8lxLgAByrSPAAMwBfkAABRejgAAKj5BA=
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 17:38:05 +0000
Message-ID: <0e0a5f5b107c455287171dd5d93e7d61@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
References: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F538AEA@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3FD8B@dfweml706-chm> <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53C349@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C403EF@dfweml706-chm> <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53E408@eusaamb105.ericsson.se>
In-Reply-To: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53E408@eusaamb105.ericsson.se>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-ms-exchange-transport-fromentityheader: Hosted
x-originating-ip: [172.16.5.49]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_0e0a5f5b107c455287171dd5d93e7d61ATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=fsecure engine=2.50.10432:5.12.52, 1.0.28,  0.0.0000 definitions=2014-10-24_06:2014-10-24,2014-10-24,1970-01-01 signatures=0
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/HR96e9yh9VkbZU0LF_zRIxP6q4g
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 17:38:26 -0000

--_000_0e0a5f5b107c455287171dd5d93e7d61ATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Dave,

I completely agree with you on the requirement that from the hierarchical S=
DN point of view each provider layer must be fundamentally the same as its =
client layer, so that the client can serve its own clients, and the server =
can be a client of its own providers, etc.
With this in mind would you agree with me that there is no fundamental diff=
erence between the VNC and PNC, and between the interfaces B and C in the c=
urrent ACTN architecture?

Thanks,
Igor

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dave Hood
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 12:18 PM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Thanks, Young. Try the following proposal to see if it aligns our perspecti=
ves:

For either hierarchy or recursion, as used here, we need each successive la=
yer to be fundamentally of the same type as the one above/below it, likewis=
e for the interfaces. That's why the SDN architecture calls all of them SDN=
 controllers, and all of the interfaces CPIs (controller plane interfaces).

I think we can align our views by introducing roles. The SDN architecture i=
magines that we take the perspective of some given SDN controller, from whi=
ch we see a (virtual) data plane to our south and a (virtual) applications =
plane to our north.

>From the discussion on this thread, I think the ACTN framework steps outsid=
e one particular SDN controller, and instead stands on the boundary between=
 a pair of adjacent SDN controllers, one of which plays the role PNC, the o=
ther of which plays the role VNC. If we think of it as a boundary or an int=
erface view, we have reduced visibility, maybe no visibility, of what happe=
ns further down or further up. We already omit discussion of applications n=
orth of the VNC; would it make sense to minimize the discussion of physical=
 functions further south of the PNC?

After all, if we really insist that the PNC talk to iron, we necessarily ca=
re about boxes and circuit packs, redundant cooling shelves and power feeds=
, hardware failure and repair, software upgrade.... If these are out of sco=
pe for ACTN, and I believe they are, then we shouldn't really care whether =
there is iron down there or a virtual network.

What do you think?
Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 8:58 AM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks for your further comments. I found this thread very helpful to clari=
fy different perspectives and some misunderstanding.

The three-tier control hierarchy discussed in the ACTN framework is "zoomin=
g" on the relationships across three entities (CNC, VNC, PNC). This does no=
t necessarily limit that is above and below these entities. There may be ot=
her hierarchy especially under PNCs. From this, I see neither contradiction=
 with nor reinventing the wheel of the notion of  "recursive" relationships=
 among the controllers, which is one of the main points in your SDN archite=
cture document. We used the term "hierarchy" (instead of "recursion") notin=
g that there is a certain recursive nature in modeling abstraction while sp=
ecifying some functional differences among the three-tier controllers.

Your SDN architecture specifies a PCE function in each control layer, which=
 is also very consistent with ACTN framework. We might need further termino=
logy alignment to avoid misunderstanding.

In regards to controller name, as Daniele suggested we are open to rename t=
hem if necessary. Igor has some idea as well on this. CNC, VNC and PNC are =
tied with some control functions. We can continue to work on this. Perhaps =
for IETF 91, we would stay with these terms and later if the work is warran=
ted, we can revisit this issue.

Please see inline for my responses.

Thanks,
Young



From: Dave Hood [mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 23, 2014 10:14 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Thanks, Young. A couple of responses:

The suggested SDN architecture that was developed in ONF includes the possi=
bility that layers at either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN =
environments. An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environmen=
t, supporting SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment i=
s certainly necessary, no question about it.

YOUNG>> Yes, this is important. In ACTN, we regard NMS/EMS as the domain co=
ntrol/management entity and with an added function to support "interface C"=
, NMS/EMS can be empowered to participate in virtualization regime. 80% of =
transport networks are controlled/managed by NMS/EMS today and enabling the=
m with network virtualization layer/function is one of the key requirements=
 from operators.

As to the ONF SDN architecture suggestion, be clear that there is no questi=
on of demanding that anyone accept any particular input. The point was to c=
all attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, t=
o the purpose of adding new value to the discussion.

YOUNG>> Thanks for this clarification. I think ACTN can complement ONF SDN =
architecture. I think by now many issues we discussed (e.g., hierarchy vs. =
recursiveness; pce function in each control layer, etc) are more or less al=
igned rather than being contradictory or re-inventing.

Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks for providing your perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.

Best regards,
Young

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dave Hood
Sent: Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

I shared several comments on the new draft with the editors, but a few of t=
hem are more than editorial, so I'm posting them for wider discussion.

Operators have been trying to break silos for decades. It is okay to specia=
lize the SDN architecture into a unique transport view, but we ought not cr=
eate separate concepts, interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong =
justifications to depart from other domains. We should make best efforts to=
 integrate transport SDN views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. W=
e do not want to re-create silos in the SDN world.

YOUNG>> I think you are talking about SDN from a green field perspective. T=
-SDN could mean different things to different set of people including diffe=
rent SDOs. It seems to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basi=
s of discussion here. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture =
document produced mid this year. On the other hand, there are different vie=
ws of what T-SDN means in other parts of the world. Therefore I think it wo=
uld be a bit over bearing to demand other views to be subjected to one view=
.

Having said that, it is of course always the operator's option to deploy SD=
N in separate technology silos according to its own practices. The architec=
ture is general, but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.

YOUNG>> Agree. Operators want to build on top of what they have deployed wh=
ile pursuing new green field. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable lega=
cy control/management domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SD=
N (openflow) control.

An example of specialization is the proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarc=
hy or recursion appears to be restricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally,=
 stacking is valid in any layer, and even the layer classification is to so=
me extent pragmatic for each given instance. In the transport network, supp=
ose we have a PNC, some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a=
 yet lower layer of SDN. In such a case, the same controller would act as a=
 PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC toward others. (Necessarily VN=
C because I'm told offline that only a VNC can span admin domains.) These d=
istinctions do not seem like a useful rathole to enter. The controllers at =
different levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; =
better just to call them all SDN controllers.

YOUNG>> I think there was a misunderstanding. In your particular example, i=
f a PNC is in charge of some networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be a=
nother hierarchy below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and=
 indeed that PNC might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath i=
ts control domain. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its netw=
ork control. This does not simply need not be known to what is above the PN=
C. Each PNC represents a control of some network comprising an end to end n=
etwork. It can be a single domain control or control multi domain. SDN cont=
roller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. There may be other controlle=
rs such as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control.

The framework suggests that the PCE lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a s=
ingle well-defined PNC layer, this denies the more abstract layers the abil=
ity to compute paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are =
constrained by the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing wha=
t those constraints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported acro=
ss a business boundary to a customer whose VN may be complex enough to just=
ify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to be available at multiple leve=
ls of virtualization: let it be available to anyone who needs it.

YOUNG>> Actually there is always PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. =
Perhaps, there needs more clarification in the document. We used PCE means =
to what PCE does in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have=
 resource manager (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks),=
 likewise CNC where customers want to compute their paths within the confin=
es of VNs allocated to them.


Arguably the major issue with the draft is that it does not recognize the i=
mportance of the manager actor in the provider-customer relationship. The S=
DN architecture explains that the provider's manager is necessarily respons=
ible for creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for in=
stalling policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to b=
oth protect the customer from other customers (privacy and QoS) and to prot=
ect the provider's own resources from customer misbehaviour, whether intent=
ional or otherwise. In particular, the draft refers to the customer app cre=
ating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted to create its own VN except=
 perhaps as a mere subnet of the "real" VN created under the auspices of a =
business negotiation by the provider's manager. (And yes, the SDN architect=
ure also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example if the=
 customer invokes a service provisioning portal with credentials that permi=
t billing.)

YOUNG>> Good point. This is one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on mo=
re. Your contribution is welcome for this.

Completeness, common concepts, interfaces and terminology could all be faci=
litated by starting with the umbrella SDN architecture available at https:/=
/www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/technical-re=
ports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf, and then specializing it.

YOUNG>> Good reference, I have to say, which the latest version included as=
 one of the references.

Dave

--_000_0e0a5f5b107c455287171dd5d93e7d61ATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"=
>
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Bookman Old Style";
	panose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle19
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle20
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle21
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle22
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle23
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Da=
ve,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">I com=
pletely agree with you on the requirement that from the hierarchical SDN po=
int of view each provider layer must be fundamentally the same as its clien=
t layer, so that the client can serve
 its own clients, and the server can be a client of its own providers, etc.=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">With =
this in mind would you agree with me that there is no fundamental differenc=
e between the VNC and PNC, and between the interfaces B and C in the curren=
t ACTN architecture?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Thank=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] <b>=
On Behalf Of
</b>Dave Hood<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 12:18 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o=
:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks, Young. Try t=
he following proposal to see if it aligns our perspectives:<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">For either hierarchy=
 or recursion, as used here, we need each successive layer to be fundamenta=
lly of the same type as the one above/below it, likewise
 for the interfaces. That&#8217;s why the SDN architecture calls all of the=
m SDN controllers, and all of the interfaces CPIs (controller plane interfa=
ces).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">I think we can align=
 our views by introducing roles. The SDN architecture imagines that we take=
 the perspective of some given SDN controller, from which
 we see a (virtual) data plane to our south and a (virtual) applications pl=
ane to our north.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">From the discussion =
on this thread, I think the ACTN framework steps outside one particular SDN=
 controller, and instead stands on the boundary between
 a pair of adjacent SDN controllers, one of which plays the role PNC, the o=
ther of which plays the role VNC. If we think of it as a boundary or an int=
erface view, we have reduced visibility, maybe no visibility, of what happe=
ns further down or further up. We
 already omit discussion of applications north of the VNC; would it make se=
nse to minimize the discussion of physical functions further south of the P=
NC?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">After all, if we rea=
lly insist that the PNC talk to iron, we necessarily care about boxes and c=
ircuit packs, redundant cooling shelves and power feeds,
 hardware failure and repair, software upgrade&#8230;. If these are out of =
scope for ACTN, and I believe they are, then we shouldn&#8217;t really care=
 whether there is iron down there or a virtual network.<o:p></o:p></span></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">What do you think?<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 8:58 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your furthe=
r comments. I found this thread very helpful to clarify different perspecti=
ves and some misunderstanding.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">The three-tier control=
 hierarchy discussed in the ACTN framework is &#8220;zooming&#8221; on the =
relationships across three entities (CNC, VNC, PNC). This does not necessar=
ily limit that is above and below these entities.
 There may be other hierarchy especially under PNCs. From this, I see neith=
er contradiction with nor reinventing the wheel of the notion of &nbsp;&#82=
20;recursive&#8221; relationships among the controllers, which is one of th=
e main points in your SDN architecture document.
 We used the term &#8220;hierarchy&#8221; (instead of &#8220;recursion&#822=
1;) noting that there is a certain recursive nature in modeling abstraction=
 while specifying some functional differences among the three-tier controll=
ers. &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Your SDN architecture =
specifies a PCE function in each control layer, which is also very consiste=
nt with ACTN framework. We might need further terminology alignment to avoi=
d misunderstanding.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">In regards to controll=
er name, as Daniele suggested we are open to rename them if necessary. Igor=
 has some idea as well on this. CNC, VNC and PNC are tied with some control=
 functions. We can continue to work
 on this. Perhaps for IETF 91, we would stay with these terms and later if =
the work is warranted, we can revisit this issue.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Please see inline for =
my responses.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young <o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Dave Hoo=
d [<a href=3D"mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com">mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com<=
/a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 23, 2014 10:14 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks, Young. A cou=
ple of responses:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">The suggested SDN ar=
chitecture that was developed in ONF includes the possibility that layers a=
t either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN environments.
 An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environment, supporting=
 SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment is certainly n=
ecessary, no question about it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes, t=
his is important. In ACTN, we regard NMS/EMS as the domain control/manageme=
nt entity and with an added function to support &#8220;interface C&#8221;,
 NMS/EMS can be empowered to participate in virtualization regime. 80% of t=
ransport networks are controlled/managed by NMS/EMS today and enabling them=
 with network virtualization layer/function is one of the key requirements =
from operators. &nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">As to the ONF SDN ar=
chitecture suggestion, be clear that there is no question of demanding that=
 anyone accept any particular input. The point was to call
 attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, to t=
he purpose of adding new value to the discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Thanks=
 for this clarification. I think ACTN can complement ONF SDN architecture. =
I think by now many issues we discussed (e.g., hierarchy vs. recursiveness;
 pce function in each control layer, etc) are more or less aligned rather t=
han being contradictory or re-inventing.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for providing y=
our perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Best regards,<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> ACTN [<a=
 href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Dave Hood<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">I shared several comments on the n=
ew draft with the editors, but a few of them are more than editorial, so I&=
#8217;m posting them for wider discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Operators have been trying to brea=
k silos for decades. It is okay to specialize the SDN architecture into a u=
nique transport view, but we ought not create separate concepts,
 interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong justifications to depar=
t from other domains. We should make best efforts to integrate transport SD=
N views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. We do not want to re-cre=
ate silos in the SDN world.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think you are talk=
ing about SDN from a green field perspective. T-SDN could mean different th=
ings to different set of people including different SDOs. It seems
 to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basis of discussion her=
e. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture document produced m=
id this year. On the other hand, there are different views of what T-SDN me=
ans in other parts of the world.
 Therefore I think it would be a bit over bearing to demand other views to =
be subjected to one view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Having said that, it is of course =
always the operator&#8217;s option to deploy SDN in separate technology sil=
os according to its own practices. The architecture is general,
 but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. Operators wan=
t to build on top of what they have deployed while pursuing new green field=
. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable legacy control/management
 domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SDN (openflow) control.=
 <o:p>
</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">An example of specialization is th=
e proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarchy or recursion appears to be rest=
ricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally, stacking is valid
 in any layer, and even the layer classification is to some extent pragmati=
c for each given instance. In the transport network, suppose we have a PNC,=
 some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a yet lower layer o=
f SDN. In such a case, the same
 controller would act as a PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC towa=
rd others. (Necessarily VNC because I&#8217;m told offline that only a VNC =
can span admin domains.) These distinctions do not seem like a useful ratho=
le to enter. The controllers at different
 levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; better ju=
st to call them all SDN controllers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think there was a =
misunderstanding. In your particular example, if a PNC is in charge of some=
 networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be another hierarchy
 below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and indeed that PNC=
 might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath its control domai=
n. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its network control. Thi=
s does not simply need not be known
 to what is above the PNC. Each PNC represents a control of some network co=
mprising an end to end network. It can be a single domain control or contro=
l multi domain. SDN controller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. Ther=
e may be other controllers such
 as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control. <o:p></o:p=
></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The framework suggests that the PC=
E lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a single well-defined PNC layer, this=
 denies the more abstract layers the ability to compute
 paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are constrained by=
 the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing what those constr=
aints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported across a business =
boundary to a customer whose VN
 may be complex enough to justify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to=
 be available at multiple levels of virtualization: let it be available to =
anyone who needs it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Actually there is al=
ways PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. Perhaps, there needs more cl=
arification in the document. We used PCE means to what PCE does
 in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have resource manage=
r (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks), likewise CNC wh=
ere customers want to compute their paths within the confines of VNs alloca=
ted to them.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Arguably the major issue with the =
draft is that it does not recognize the importance of the manager actor in =
the provider-customer relationship. The SDN architecture
 explains that the provider&#8217;s manager is necessarily responsible for =
creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for installing =
policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to both prote=
ct the customer from other customers (privacy
 and QoS) and to protect the provider&#8217;s own resources from customer m=
isbehaviour, whether intentional or otherwise. In particular, the draft ref=
ers to the customer app creating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted =
to create its own VN except perhaps as
 a mere subnet of the &#8220;real&#8221; VN created under the auspices of a=
 business negotiation by the provider&#8217;s manager. (And yes, the SDN ar=
chitecture also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example=
 if the customer invokes a service provisioning portal
 with credentials that permit billing.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good point. This is =
one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on more. Your contribution is wel=
come for this.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Completeness, common concepts, int=
erfaces and terminology could all be facilitated by starting with the umbre=
lla SDN architecture available at
<a href=3D"https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-reso=
urces/technical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf">
https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/techn=
ical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf</a>, and then specializing it.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good reference, I ha=
ve to say, which the latest version included as one of the references.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dave<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_0e0a5f5b107c455287171dd5d93e7d61ATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_--


From nobody Fri Oct 24 10:40:57 2014
Return-Path: <dave.hood@ericsson.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id DE7841A8982 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 10:40:54 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.6
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.6 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW=-0.7, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id hD0JsczXhxsK for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 10:40:41 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from usevmg21.ericsson.net (usevmg21.ericsson.net [198.24.6.65]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 40EC11A8952 for <actn@ietf.org>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 10:40:15 -0700 (PDT)
X-AuditID: c6180641-f79916d00000623a-86-544a34d3ab18
Received: from EUSAAHC004.ericsson.se (Unknown_Domain [147.117.188.84]) by usevmg21.ericsson.net (Symantec Mail Security) with SMTP id 08.4B.25146.3D43A445; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 13:15:31 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from EUSAAMB105.ericsson.se ([147.117.188.122]) by EUSAAHC004.ericsson.se ([147.117.188.84]) with mapi id 14.03.0174.001; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 13:40:12 -0400
From: Dave Hood <dave.hood@ericsson.com>
To: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>, Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
Thread-Index: Ac/tbea1DOR7hvbLT6q34yEim3G4lQA8lxLgAByrSPAAMwBfkAABRejgAAKj5BAAALapoA==
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 17:40:11 +0000
Message-ID: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53E815@eusaamb105.ericsson.se>
References: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F538AEA@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3FD8B@dfweml706-chm> <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53C349@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C403EF@dfweml706-chm> <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53E408@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <0e0a5f5b107c455287171dd5d93e7d61@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
In-Reply-To: <0e0a5f5b107c455287171dd5d93e7d61@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [147.117.188.10]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53E815eusaamb105erics_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Brightmail-Tracker: H4sIAAAAAAAAA+NgFvrOLMWRmVeSWpSXmKPExsUyuXRPiO5lE68Qg4O/9Cy29FxgszjV085o MW2eqwOzx9kFf1g9Wo68ZfVYsuQnUwBzFJdNSmpOZllqkb5dAlfG7N6QguunmSr6t5xlbmD8 P4+pi5GTQ0LARKL5+R0WCFtM4sK99WxdjFwcQgJHGSV+r+thA0kICSxnlLgwzwvEZhPQkHhy aTJYs4hAnsTmT+/ZQWxhAWuJbXuOM0PEbST+rvsEVRMm8f/EHbAaFgFVibONPYwgNq+Ar8TT re3MEMt6mSWOLv4GtoxTwEdi+p77YEWMQBd9P7UGbBCzgLjErSfzoa4WkFiy5zwzhC0q8fLx P1YIW0li0tJzrBD1+RKdDW/YIJYJSpyc+YRlAqPILCSjZiEpm4WkDCKuI7Fg9yc2CFtbYtnC 18ww9pkDj5mQxRcwsq9i5CgtTi3LTTcy3MQIjKljEmyOOxgXfLI8xCjAwajEw6vg5BkixJpY VlyZe4hRmoNFSZxXs3pesJBAemJJanZqakFqUXxRaU5q8SFGJg5OqQbGwoSoi7q/3jHlLV29 tNF0y+d/8jFPymWi+UtUfK1tYntflpgcydFYVvNXf+rm5hjbBrd4Fv/vB/TlNYwPXX1hrV50 0bFzQVhUv6SeTc5mg5uLrxlmbXk1O9Fsl23nhjPfdq4qvRu8hlXoXMOEVq15sW/aWHNtJE1P /d9oMcFcVW6V2suVwW5KLMUZiYZazEXFiQD3KJKjigIAAA==
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/G22-W33Ygfb0UoFoOTPJJCTucZ4
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 17:40:55 -0000

--_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53E815eusaamb105erics_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Yes, I would, Igor. They differ in granularity, probably in security consid=
erations, but not fundamentally.

Thanks,
Dave

From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 10:38 AM
To: Dave Hood; Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

I completely agree with you on the requirement that from the hierarchical S=
DN point of view each provider layer must be fundamentally the same as its =
client layer, so that the client can serve its own clients, and the server =
can be a client of its own providers, etc.
With this in mind would you agree with me that there is no fundamental diff=
erence between the VNC and PNC, and between the interfaces B and C in the c=
urrent ACTN architecture?

Thanks,
Igor

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dave Hood
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 12:18 PM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Thanks, Young. Try the following proposal to see if it aligns our perspecti=
ves:

For either hierarchy or recursion, as used here, we need each successive la=
yer to be fundamentally of the same type as the one above/below it, likewis=
e for the interfaces. That's why the SDN architecture calls all of them SDN=
 controllers, and all of the interfaces CPIs (controller plane interfaces).

I think we can align our views by introducing roles. The SDN architecture i=
magines that we take the perspective of some given SDN controller, from whi=
ch we see a (virtual) data plane to our south and a (virtual) applications =
plane to our north.

>From the discussion on this thread, I think the ACTN framework steps outsid=
e one particular SDN controller, and instead stands on the boundary between=
 a pair of adjacent SDN controllers, one of which plays the role PNC, the o=
ther of which plays the role VNC. If we think of it as a boundary or an int=
erface view, we have reduced visibility, maybe no visibility, of what happe=
ns further down or further up. We already omit discussion of applications n=
orth of the VNC; would it make sense to minimize the discussion of physical=
 functions further south of the PNC?

After all, if we really insist that the PNC talk to iron, we necessarily ca=
re about boxes and circuit packs, redundant cooling shelves and power feeds=
, hardware failure and repair, software upgrade.... If these are out of sco=
pe for ACTN, and I believe they are, then we shouldn't really care whether =
there is iron down there or a virtual network.

What do you think?
Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 8:58 AM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks for your further comments. I found this thread very helpful to clari=
fy different perspectives and some misunderstanding.

The three-tier control hierarchy discussed in the ACTN framework is "zoomin=
g" on the relationships across three entities (CNC, VNC, PNC). This does no=
t necessarily limit that is above and below these entities. There may be ot=
her hierarchy especially under PNCs. From this, I see neither contradiction=
 with nor reinventing the wheel of the notion of  "recursive" relationships=
 among the controllers, which is one of the main points in your SDN archite=
cture document. We used the term "hierarchy" (instead of "recursion") notin=
g that there is a certain recursive nature in modeling abstraction while sp=
ecifying some functional differences among the three-tier controllers.

Your SDN architecture specifies a PCE function in each control layer, which=
 is also very consistent with ACTN framework. We might need further termino=
logy alignment to avoid misunderstanding.

In regards to controller name, as Daniele suggested we are open to rename t=
hem if necessary. Igor has some idea as well on this. CNC, VNC and PNC are =
tied with some control functions. We can continue to work on this. Perhaps =
for IETF 91, we would stay with these terms and later if the work is warran=
ted, we can revisit this issue.

Please see inline for my responses.

Thanks,
Young



From: Dave Hood [mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 23, 2014 10:14 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Thanks, Young. A couple of responses:

The suggested SDN architecture that was developed in ONF includes the possi=
bility that layers at either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN =
environments. An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environmen=
t, supporting SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment i=
s certainly necessary, no question about it.

YOUNG>> Yes, this is important. In ACTN, we regard NMS/EMS as the domain co=
ntrol/management entity and with an added function to support "interface C"=
, NMS/EMS can be empowered to participate in virtualization regime. 80% of =
transport networks are controlled/managed by NMS/EMS today and enabling the=
m with network virtualization layer/function is one of the key requirements=
 from operators.

As to the ONF SDN architecture suggestion, be clear that there is no questi=
on of demanding that anyone accept any particular input. The point was to c=
all attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, t=
o the purpose of adding new value to the discussion.

YOUNG>> Thanks for this clarification. I think ACTN can complement ONF SDN =
architecture. I think by now many issues we discussed (e.g., hierarchy vs. =
recursiveness; pce function in each control layer, etc) are more or less al=
igned rather than being contradictory or re-inventing.

Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks for providing your perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.

Best regards,
Young

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dave Hood
Sent: Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

I shared several comments on the new draft with the editors, but a few of t=
hem are more than editorial, so I'm posting them for wider discussion.

Operators have been trying to break silos for decades. It is okay to specia=
lize the SDN architecture into a unique transport view, but we ought not cr=
eate separate concepts, interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong =
justifications to depart from other domains. We should make best efforts to=
 integrate transport SDN views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. W=
e do not want to re-create silos in the SDN world.

YOUNG>> I think you are talking about SDN from a green field perspective. T=
-SDN could mean different things to different set of people including diffe=
rent SDOs. It seems to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basi=
s of discussion here. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture =
document produced mid this year. On the other hand, there are different vie=
ws of what T-SDN means in other parts of the world. Therefore I think it wo=
uld be a bit over bearing to demand other views to be subjected to one view=
.

Having said that, it is of course always the operator's option to deploy SD=
N in separate technology silos according to its own practices. The architec=
ture is general, but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.

YOUNG>> Agree. Operators want to build on top of what they have deployed wh=
ile pursuing new green field. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable lega=
cy control/management domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SD=
N (openflow) control.

An example of specialization is the proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarc=
hy or recursion appears to be restricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally,=
 stacking is valid in any layer, and even the layer classification is to so=
me extent pragmatic for each given instance. In the transport network, supp=
ose we have a PNC, some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a=
 yet lower layer of SDN. In such a case, the same controller would act as a=
 PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC toward others. (Necessarily VN=
C because I'm told offline that only a VNC can span admin domains.) These d=
istinctions do not seem like a useful rathole to enter. The controllers at =
different levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; =
better just to call them all SDN controllers.

YOUNG>> I think there was a misunderstanding. In your particular example, i=
f a PNC is in charge of some networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be a=
nother hierarchy below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and=
 indeed that PNC might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath i=
ts control domain. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its netw=
ork control. This does not simply need not be known to what is above the PN=
C. Each PNC represents a control of some network comprising an end to end n=
etwork. It can be a single domain control or control multi domain. SDN cont=
roller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. There may be other controlle=
rs such as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control.

The framework suggests that the PCE lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a s=
ingle well-defined PNC layer, this denies the more abstract layers the abil=
ity to compute paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are =
constrained by the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing wha=
t those constraints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported acro=
ss a business boundary to a customer whose VN may be complex enough to just=
ify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to be available at multiple leve=
ls of virtualization: let it be available to anyone who needs it.

YOUNG>> Actually there is always PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. =
Perhaps, there needs more clarification in the document. We used PCE means =
to what PCE does in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have=
 resource manager (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks),=
 likewise CNC where customers want to compute their paths within the confin=
es of VNs allocated to them.


Arguably the major issue with the draft is that it does not recognize the i=
mportance of the manager actor in the provider-customer relationship. The S=
DN architecture explains that the provider's manager is necessarily respons=
ible for creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for in=
stalling policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to b=
oth protect the customer from other customers (privacy and QoS) and to prot=
ect the provider's own resources from customer misbehaviour, whether intent=
ional or otherwise. In particular, the draft refers to the customer app cre=
ating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted to create its own VN except=
 perhaps as a mere subnet of the "real" VN created under the auspices of a =
business negotiation by the provider's manager. (And yes, the SDN architect=
ure also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example if the=
 customer invokes a service provisioning portal with credentials that permi=
t billing.)

YOUNG>> Good point. This is one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on mo=
re. Your contribution is welcome for this.

Completeness, common concepts, interfaces and terminology could all be faci=
litated by starting with the umbrella SDN architecture available at https:/=
/www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/technical-re=
ports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf, and then specializing it.

YOUNG>> Good reference, I have to say, which the latest version included as=
 one of the references.

Dave

--_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53E815eusaamb105erics_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"=
>
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 14 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Bookman Old Style";
	panose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle19
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle20
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle21
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle22
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle23
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Yes, I would, Igor. =
They differ in granularity, probably in security considerations, but not fu=
ndamentally.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></=
span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bry=
skin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 10:38 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Da=
ve,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">I com=
pletely agree with you on the requirement that from the hierarchical SDN po=
int of view each provider layer must be fundamentally the same as its clien=
t layer, so that the client can serve
 its own clients, and the server can be a client of its own providers, etc.=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">With =
this in mind would you agree with me that there is no fundamental differenc=
e between the VNC and PNC, and between the interfaces B and C in the curren=
t ACTN architecture?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Thank=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [<a href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ie=
tf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Dave Hood<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 12:18 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o=
:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks, Young. Try t=
he following proposal to see if it aligns our perspectives:<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">For either hierarchy=
 or recursion, as used here, we need each successive layer to be fundamenta=
lly of the same type as the one above/below it, likewise
 for the interfaces. That&#8217;s why the SDN architecture calls all of the=
m SDN controllers, and all of the interfaces CPIs (controller plane interfa=
ces).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">I think we can align=
 our views by introducing roles. The SDN architecture imagines that we take=
 the perspective of some given SDN controller, from which
 we see a (virtual) data plane to our south and a (virtual) applications pl=
ane to our north.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">From the discussion =
on this thread, I think the ACTN framework steps outside one particular SDN=
 controller, and instead stands on the boundary between
 a pair of adjacent SDN controllers, one of which plays the role PNC, the o=
ther of which plays the role VNC. If we think of it as a boundary or an int=
erface view, we have reduced visibility, maybe no visibility, of what happe=
ns further down or further up. We
 already omit discussion of applications north of the VNC; would it make se=
nse to minimize the discussion of physical functions further south of the P=
NC?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">After all, if we rea=
lly insist that the PNC talk to iron, we necessarily care about boxes and c=
ircuit packs, redundant cooling shelves and power feeds,
 hardware failure and repair, software upgrade&#8230;. If these are out of =
scope for ACTN, and I believe they are, then we shouldn&#8217;t really care=
 whether there is iron down there or a virtual network.<o:p></o:p></span></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">What do you think?<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 8:58 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your furthe=
r comments. I found this thread very helpful to clarify different perspecti=
ves and some misunderstanding.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">The three-tier control=
 hierarchy discussed in the ACTN framework is &#8220;zooming&#8221; on the =
relationships across three entities (CNC, VNC, PNC). This does not necessar=
ily limit that is above and below these entities.
 There may be other hierarchy especially under PNCs. From this, I see neith=
er contradiction with nor reinventing the wheel of the notion of &nbsp;&#82=
20;recursive&#8221; relationships among the controllers, which is one of th=
e main points in your SDN architecture document.
 We used the term &#8220;hierarchy&#8221; (instead of &#8220;recursion&#822=
1;) noting that there is a certain recursive nature in modeling abstraction=
 while specifying some functional differences among the three-tier controll=
ers. &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Your SDN architecture =
specifies a PCE function in each control layer, which is also very consiste=
nt with ACTN framework. We might need further terminology alignment to avoi=
d misunderstanding.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">In regards to controll=
er name, as Daniele suggested we are open to rename them if necessary. Igor=
 has some idea as well on this. CNC, VNC and PNC are tied with some control=
 functions. We can continue to work
 on this. Perhaps for IETF 91, we would stay with these terms and later if =
the work is warranted, we can revisit this issue.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Please see inline for =
my responses.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young <o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Dave Hoo=
d [<a href=3D"mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com">mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com<=
/a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 23, 2014 10:14 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks, Young. A cou=
ple of responses:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">The suggested SDN ar=
chitecture that was developed in ONF includes the possibility that layers a=
t either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN environments.
 An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environment, supporting=
 SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment is certainly n=
ecessary, no question about it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes, t=
his is important. In ACTN, we regard NMS/EMS as the domain control/manageme=
nt entity and with an added function to support &#8220;interface C&#8221;,
 NMS/EMS can be empowered to participate in virtualization regime. 80% of t=
ransport networks are controlled/managed by NMS/EMS today and enabling them=
 with network virtualization layer/function is one of the key requirements =
from operators. &nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">As to the ONF SDN ar=
chitecture suggestion, be clear that there is no question of demanding that=
 anyone accept any particular input. The point was to call
 attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, to t=
he purpose of adding new value to the discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Thanks=
 for this clarification. I think ACTN can complement ONF SDN architecture. =
I think by now many issues we discussed (e.g., hierarchy vs. recursiveness;
 pce function in each control layer, etc) are more or less aligned rather t=
han being contradictory or re-inventing.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for providing y=
our perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Best regards,<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> ACTN [<a=
 href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Dave Hood<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">I shared several comments on the n=
ew draft with the editors, but a few of them are more than editorial, so I&=
#8217;m posting them for wider discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Operators have been trying to brea=
k silos for decades. It is okay to specialize the SDN architecture into a u=
nique transport view, but we ought not create separate concepts,
 interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong justifications to depar=
t from other domains. We should make best efforts to integrate transport SD=
N views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. We do not want to re-cre=
ate silos in the SDN world.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think you are talk=
ing about SDN from a green field perspective. T-SDN could mean different th=
ings to different set of people including different SDOs. It seems
 to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basis of discussion her=
e. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture document produced m=
id this year. On the other hand, there are different views of what T-SDN me=
ans in other parts of the world.
 Therefore I think it would be a bit over bearing to demand other views to =
be subjected to one view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Having said that, it is of course =
always the operator&#8217;s option to deploy SDN in separate technology sil=
os according to its own practices. The architecture is general,
 but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. Operators wan=
t to build on top of what they have deployed while pursuing new green field=
. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable legacy control/management
 domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SDN (openflow) control.=
 <o:p>
</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">An example of specialization is th=
e proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarchy or recursion appears to be rest=
ricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally, stacking is valid
 in any layer, and even the layer classification is to some extent pragmati=
c for each given instance. In the transport network, suppose we have a PNC,=
 some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a yet lower layer o=
f SDN. In such a case, the same
 controller would act as a PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC towa=
rd others. (Necessarily VNC because I&#8217;m told offline that only a VNC =
can span admin domains.) These distinctions do not seem like a useful ratho=
le to enter. The controllers at different
 levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; better ju=
st to call them all SDN controllers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think there was a =
misunderstanding. In your particular example, if a PNC is in charge of some=
 networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be another hierarchy
 below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and indeed that PNC=
 might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath its control domai=
n. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its network control. Thi=
s does not simply need not be known
 to what is above the PNC. Each PNC represents a control of some network co=
mprising an end to end network. It can be a single domain control or contro=
l multi domain. SDN controller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. Ther=
e may be other controllers such
 as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control. <o:p></o:p=
></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The framework suggests that the PC=
E lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a single well-defined PNC layer, this=
 denies the more abstract layers the ability to compute
 paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are constrained by=
 the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing what those constr=
aints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported across a business =
boundary to a customer whose VN
 may be complex enough to justify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to=
 be available at multiple levels of virtualization: let it be available to =
anyone who needs it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Actually there is al=
ways PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. Perhaps, there needs more cl=
arification in the document. We used PCE means to what PCE does
 in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have resource manage=
r (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks), likewise CNC wh=
ere customers want to compute their paths within the confines of VNs alloca=
ted to them.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Arguably the major issue with the =
draft is that it does not recognize the importance of the manager actor in =
the provider-customer relationship. The SDN architecture
 explains that the provider&#8217;s manager is necessarily responsible for =
creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for installing =
policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to both prote=
ct the customer from other customers (privacy
 and QoS) and to protect the provider&#8217;s own resources from customer m=
isbehaviour, whether intentional or otherwise. In particular, the draft ref=
ers to the customer app creating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted =
to create its own VN except perhaps as
 a mere subnet of the &#8220;real&#8221; VN created under the auspices of a=
 business negotiation by the provider&#8217;s manager. (And yes, the SDN ar=
chitecture also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example=
 if the customer invokes a service provisioning portal
 with credentials that permit billing.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good point. This is =
one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on more. Your contribution is wel=
come for this.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Completeness, common concepts, int=
erfaces and terminology could all be facilitated by starting with the umbre=
lla SDN architecture available at
<a href=3D"https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-reso=
urces/technical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf">
https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/techn=
ical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf</a>, and then specializing it.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good reference, I ha=
ve to say, which the latest version included as one of the references.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dave<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53E815eusaamb105erics_--


From nobody Fri Oct 24 12:08:12 2014
Return-Path: <leeyoung@huawei.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id BED2B1A1A90 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 12:08:09 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -4.208
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.208 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HK_RANDOM_ENVFROM=0.001, HK_RANDOM_FROM=0.001, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, SPF_PASS=-0.001, T_RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.01] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id X7MemTfyYkYx for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 12:07:58 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from lhrrgout.huawei.com (lhrrgout.huawei.com [194.213.3.17]) (using TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id C3C141A8F46 for <actn@ietf.org>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 12:07:47 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from 172.18.7.190 (EHLO lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com) ([172.18.7.190]) by lhrrg02-dlp.huawei.com (MOS 4.3.7-GA FastPath queued) with ESMTP id BKX28922; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 19:07:46 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from DFWEML701-CHM.china.huawei.com (10.193.5.50) by lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com (10.201.5.218) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.158.1; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 20:07:42 +0100
Received: from DFWEML706-CHM.china.huawei.com ([10.193.5.225]) by dfweml701-chm ([10.193.5.50]) with mapi id 14.03.0158.001; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 12:07:33 -0700
From: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>
To: Dave Hood <dave.hood@ericsson.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
Thread-Index: Ac/tbea1DOR7hvbLT6q34yEim3G4lQA8lxLgAByrSPAAMwBfkAABRejgAAEXbaA=
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 19:07:33 +0000
Message-ID: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C404C6@dfweml706-chm>
References: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F538AEA@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3FD8B@dfweml706-chm> <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53C349@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C403EF@dfweml706-chm> <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53E408@eusaamb105.ericsson.se>
In-Reply-To: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53E408@eusaamb105.ericsson.se>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [10.47.135.123]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C404C6dfweml706chm_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-CFilter-Loop: Reflected
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/FkhSsHNwaQIgNCOB_hI6EqHDXVM
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 19:08:10 -0000

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C404C6dfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Dave,

Thanks. I think we are getting there.

Please see inline for my comment. This is my personal view and other folks =
(especially the co-authors of the framework draft) may address their views.

Thanks,
Young

From: Dave Hood [mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 11:18 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Thanks, Young. Try the following proposal to see if it aligns our perspecti=
ves:

For either hierarchy or recursion, as used here, we need each successive la=
yer to be fundamentally of the same type as the one above/below it, likewis=
e for the interfaces. That's why the SDN architecture calls all of them SDN=
 controllers, and all of the interfaces CPIs (controller plane interfaces).

I think we can align our views by introducing roles. The SDN architecture i=
magines that we take the perspective of some given SDN controller, from whi=
ch we see a (virtual) data plane to our south and a (virtual) applications =
plane to our north.

YOUNG>> I agree with you on this in principle, but with a caveat that when =
we associate roles/functions with the type of controller, there are differe=
nces we begin to observe. I think devil are in the details. As I elaborated=
 before and also in the later point, there are two main functions that need=
 to be performed by VNC: (i) virtualizer; (ii) multi-domain coordination/or=
chestration. For (i), we can agree that the hierarchy of controllers (CNC, =
VNC, PNC) all share this in different degrees. For (ii), if we were to assu=
me this would happen in VNC, then this particular role has to be defined wh=
ich is different than virtualizer function. If we can agree on this, that i=
s great.

>From the discussion on this thread, I think the ACTN framework steps outsid=
e one particular SDN controller, and instead stands on the boundary between=
 a pair of adjacent SDN controllers, one of which plays the role PNC, the o=
ther of which plays the role VNC. If we think of it as a boundary or an int=
erface view, we have reduced visibility, maybe no visibility, of what happe=
ns further down or further up. We already omit discussion of applications n=
orth of the VNC; would it make sense to minimize the discussion of physical=
 functions further south of the PNC?

YOUNG>> Yes, we are only considering an interface view between VNC and PNC.=
 We concerns not what PNC does for its domain technology control. I can env=
ision the following needs to be supported in this interface so that the VNC=
 would perform the following (Interface C in the current framework).

i.                     Creating an end-to-end virtual network topology base=
d on the feed of each domain controllers input south of the VNC (i.e., PNCs=
).

ii.                   It computes an end-to-end path (virtual path)

iii.                 It signals to each domain controller (PNCs) and there =
might be some signaling interaction (e.g., likes of crankbacks to reroute d=
ue to network condition changes associated with domain networks)


After all, if we really insist that the PNC talk to iron, we necessarily ca=
re about boxes and circuit packs, redundant cooling shelves and power feeds=
, hardware failure and repair, software upgrade.... If these are out of sco=
pe for ACTN, and I believe they are, then we shouldn't really care whether =
there is iron down there or a virtual network.

YOUNG>> I agree.  What "PNC" does underneath (interface D) is out of the sc=
ope of ACTN, this includes GMPLS/PCE, PNNI, OF, Qx, Netconf, SNMP, etc, or =
anything else.  Only thing in scope is the interface between PNC and VNC (a=
nd interface CNC and VNC, which I still think a difference interface from P=
NC-VNC interface although sharing some "virtualizer" functionality) and the=
 protocols on those interfaces, which is TDB by the solution works down the=
 road. Is this what you are saying, then we are in agreement on this point.

What do you think?
Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 8:58 AM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks for your further comments. I found this thread very helpful to clari=
fy different perspectives and some misunderstanding.

The three-tier control hierarchy discussed in the ACTN framework is "zoomin=
g" on the relationships across three entities (CNC, VNC, PNC). This does no=
t necessarily limit that is above and below these entities. There may be ot=
her hierarchy especially under PNCs. From this, I see neither contradiction=
 with nor reinventing the wheel of the notion of  "recursive" relationships=
 among the controllers, which is one of the main points in your SDN archite=
cture document. We used the term "hierarchy" (instead of "recursion") notin=
g that there is a certain recursive nature in modeling abstraction while sp=
ecifying some functional differences among the three-tier controllers.

Your SDN architecture specifies a PCE function in each control layer, which=
 is also very consistent with ACTN framework. We might need further termino=
logy alignment to avoid misunderstanding.

In regards to controller name, as Daniele suggested we are open to rename t=
hem if necessary. Igor has some idea as well on this. CNC, VNC and PNC are =
tied with some control functions. We can continue to work on this. Perhaps =
for IETF 91, we would stay with these terms and later if the work is warran=
ted, we can revisit this issue.

Please see inline for my responses.

Thanks,
Young



From: Dave Hood [mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 23, 2014 10:14 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Thanks, Young. A couple of responses:

The suggested SDN architecture that was developed in ONF includes the possi=
bility that layers at either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN =
environments. An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environmen=
t, supporting SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment i=
s certainly necessary, no question about it.

YOUNG>> Yes, this is important. In ACTN, we regard NMS/EMS as the domain co=
ntrol/management entity and with an added function to support "interface C"=
, NMS/EMS can be empowered to participate in virtualization regime. 80% of =
transport networks are controlled/managed by NMS/EMS today and enabling the=
m with network virtualization layer/function is one of the key requirements=
 from operators.

As to the ONF SDN architecture suggestion, be clear that there is no questi=
on of demanding that anyone accept any particular input. The point was to c=
all attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, t=
o the purpose of adding new value to the discussion.

YOUNG>> Thanks for this clarification. I think ACTN can complement ONF SDN =
architecture. I think by now many issues we discussed (e.g., hierarchy vs. =
recursiveness; pce function in each control layer, etc) are more or less al=
igned rather than being contradictory or re-inventing.

Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks for providing your perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.

Best regards,
Young

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dave Hood
Sent: Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

I shared several comments on the new draft with the editors, but a few of t=
hem are more than editorial, so I'm posting them for wider discussion.

Operators have been trying to break silos for decades. It is okay to specia=
lize the SDN architecture into a unique transport view, but we ought not cr=
eate separate concepts, interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong =
justifications to depart from other domains. We should make best efforts to=
 integrate transport SDN views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. W=
e do not want to re-create silos in the SDN world.

YOUNG>> I think you are talking about SDN from a green field perspective. T=
-SDN could mean different things to different set of people including diffe=
rent SDOs. It seems to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basi=
s of discussion here. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture =
document produced mid this year. On the other hand, there are different vie=
ws of what T-SDN means in other parts of the world. Therefore I think it wo=
uld be a bit over bearing to demand other views to be subjected to one view=
.

Having said that, it is of course always the operator's option to deploy SD=
N in separate technology silos according to its own practices. The architec=
ture is general, but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.

YOUNG>> Agree. Operators want to build on top of what they have deployed wh=
ile pursuing new green field. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable lega=
cy control/management domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SD=
N (openflow) control.

An example of specialization is the proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarc=
hy or recursion appears to be restricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally,=
 stacking is valid in any layer, and even the layer classification is to so=
me extent pragmatic for each given instance. In the transport network, supp=
ose we have a PNC, some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a=
 yet lower layer of SDN. In such a case, the same controller would act as a=
 PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC toward others. (Necessarily VN=
C because I'm told offline that only a VNC can span admin domains.) These d=
istinctions do not seem like a useful rathole to enter. The controllers at =
different levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; =
better just to call them all SDN controllers.

YOUNG>> I think there was a misunderstanding. In your particular example, i=
f a PNC is in charge of some networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be a=
nother hierarchy below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and=
 indeed that PNC might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath i=
ts control domain. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its netw=
ork control. This does not simply need not be known to what is above the PN=
C. Each PNC represents a control of some network comprising an end to end n=
etwork. It can be a single domain control or control multi domain. SDN cont=
roller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. There may be other controlle=
rs such as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control.

The framework suggests that the PCE lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a s=
ingle well-defined PNC layer, this denies the more abstract layers the abil=
ity to compute paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are =
constrained by the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing wha=
t those constraints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported acro=
ss a business boundary to a customer whose VN may be complex enough to just=
ify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to be available at multiple leve=
ls of virtualization: let it be available to anyone who needs it.

YOUNG>> Actually there is always PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. =
Perhaps, there needs more clarification in the document. We used PCE means =
to what PCE does in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have=
 resource manager (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks),=
 likewise CNC where customers want to compute their paths within the confin=
es of VNs allocated to them.


Arguably the major issue with the draft is that it does not recognize the i=
mportance of the manager actor in the provider-customer relationship. The S=
DN architecture explains that the provider's manager is necessarily respons=
ible for creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for in=
stalling policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to b=
oth protect the customer from other customers (privacy and QoS) and to prot=
ect the provider's own resources from customer misbehaviour, whether intent=
ional or otherwise. In particular, the draft refers to the customer app cre=
ating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted to create its own VN except=
 perhaps as a mere subnet of the "real" VN created under the auspices of a =
business negotiation by the provider's manager. (And yes, the SDN architect=
ure also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example if the=
 customer invokes a service provisioning portal with credentials that permi=
t billing.)

YOUNG>> Good point. This is one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on mo=
re. Your contribution is welcome for this.

Completeness, common concepts, interfaces and terminology could all be faci=
litated by starting with the umbrella SDN architecture available at https:/=
/www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/technical-re=
ports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf, and then specializing it.

YOUNG>> Good reference, I have to say, which the latest version included as=
 one of the references.

Dave

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C404C6dfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"=
>
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Cambria;
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Bookman Old Style";
	panose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
	{mso-style-priority:34;
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:0in;
	margin-left:.5in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle20
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle21
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle22
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle23
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
	{mso-list-id:749232646;
	mso-list-type:hybrid;
	mso-list-template-ids:148406284 1972552712 67698713 67698715 67698703 6769=
8713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l0:level1
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:.75in;
	text-indent:-.5in;}
@list l0:level2
	{mso-level-tab-stop:1.0in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level3
	{mso-level-tab-stop:1.5in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level4
	{mso-level-tab-stop:2.0in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level5
	{mso-level-tab-stop:2.5in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level6
	{mso-level-tab-stop:3.0in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level7
	{mso-level-tab-stop:3.5in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level8
	{mso-level-tab-stop:4.0in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level9
	{mso-level-tab-stop:4.5in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
ol
	{margin-bottom:0in;}
ul
	{margin-bottom:0in;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks. I think we are=
 getting there.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Please see inline for =
my comment. This is my personal view and other folks (especially the co-aut=
hors of the framework draft) may address their views.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Dave Hoo=
d [mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 11:18 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks, Young. Try t=
he following proposal to see if it aligns our perspectives:<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">For either hierarchy=
 or recursion, as used here, we need each successive layer to be fundamenta=
lly of the same type as the one above/below it, likewise
 for the interfaces. That&#8217;s why the SDN architecture calls all of the=
m SDN controllers, and all of the interfaces CPIs (controller plane interfa=
ces).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">I think we can align=
 our views by introducing roles. The SDN architecture imagines that we take=
 the perspective of some given SDN controller, from which
 we see a (virtual) data plane to our south and a (virtual) applications pl=
ane to our north.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I agree with you on this in princ=
iple, but with a caveat that when we associate roles/functions with the typ=
e of controller, there are differences we begin to observe. I
 think devil are in the details. As I elaborated before and also in the lat=
er point, there are two main functions that need to be performed by VNC: (i=
) virtualizer; (ii) multi-domain coordination/orchestration. For (i), we ca=
n agree that the hierarchy of controllers
 (CNC, VNC, PNC) all share this in different degrees. For (ii), if we were =
to assume this would happen in VNC, then this particular role has to be def=
ined which is different than virtualizer function. If we can agree on this,=
 that is great.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">From the discussion =
on this thread, I think the ACTN framework steps outside one particular SDN=
 controller, and instead stands on the boundary between
 a pair of adjacent SDN controllers, one of which plays the role PNC, the o=
ther of which plays the role VNC. If we think of it as a boundary or an int=
erface view, we have reduced visibility, maybe no visibility, of what happe=
ns further down or further up. We
 already omit discussion of applications north of the VNC; would it make se=
nse to minimize the discussion of physical functions further south of the P=
NC?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes, we are only considering an i=
nterface view between VNC and PNC. We concerns not what PNC does for its do=
main technology control. I can envision the following needs to
 be supported in this interface so that the VNC would perform the following=
 (Interface C in the current framework).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.5in;=
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;s=
erif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">i.<span style=3D"=
font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quo=
t;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Creating an end-to-end virtual network =
topology based on the feed of each domain controllers input south of the VN=
C (i.e., PNCs).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.5in;=
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;s=
erif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">ii.<span style=3D=
"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quo=
t;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">It computes an end-to-end path (virtual=
 path)
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.5in;=
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;s=
erif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">iii.<span style=
=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quo=
t;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">It signals to each domain controller (P=
NCs) and there might be some signaling interaction (e.g., likes of crankbac=
ks to reroute due to network condition changes associated
 with domain networks)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">After all, if we rea=
lly insist that the PNC talk to iron, we necessarily care about boxes and c=
ircuit packs, redundant cooling shelves and power feeds,
 hardware failure and repair, software upgrade&#8230;. If these are out of =
scope for ACTN, and I believe they are, then we shouldn&#8217;t really care=
 whether there is iron down there or a virtual network.<o:p></o:p></span></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I agree. &nbsp;What &#8220;PNC&#8=
221; does underneath (interface D) is out of the scope of ACTN, this includ=
es GMPLS/PCE, PNNI, OF, Qx, Netconf, SNMP, etc, or anything else. &nbsp;Onl=
y thing in
 scope is the interface between PNC and VNC (and interface CNC and VNC, whi=
ch I still think a difference interface from PNC-VNC interface although sha=
ring some &#8220;virtualizer&#8221; functionality) and the protocols on tho=
se interfaces, which is TDB by the solution
 works down the road. Is this what you are saying, then we are in agreement=
 on this point.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">What do you think?<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 8:58 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your furthe=
r comments. I found this thread very helpful to clarify different perspecti=
ves and some misunderstanding.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">The three-tier control=
 hierarchy discussed in the ACTN framework is &#8220;zooming&#8221; on the =
relationships across three entities (CNC, VNC, PNC). This does not necessar=
ily limit that is above and below these entities.
 There may be other hierarchy especially under PNCs. From this, I see neith=
er contradiction with nor reinventing the wheel of the notion of &nbsp;&#82=
20;recursive&#8221; relationships among the controllers, which is one of th=
e main points in your SDN architecture document.
 We used the term &#8220;hierarchy&#8221; (instead of &#8220;recursion&#822=
1;) noting that there is a certain recursive nature in modeling abstraction=
 while specifying some functional differences among the three-tier controll=
ers. &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Your SDN architecture =
specifies a PCE function in each control layer, which is also very consiste=
nt with ACTN framework. We might need further terminology alignment to avoi=
d misunderstanding.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">In regards to controll=
er name, as Daniele suggested we are open to rename them if necessary. Igor=
 has some idea as well on this. CNC, VNC and PNC are tied with some control=
 functions. We can continue to work
 on this. Perhaps for IETF 91, we would stay with these terms and later if =
the work is warranted, we can revisit this issue.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Please see inline for =
my responses.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young <o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Dave Hoo=
d [<a href=3D"mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com">mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com<=
/a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 23, 2014 10:14 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks, Young. A cou=
ple of responses:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">The suggested SDN ar=
chitecture that was developed in ONF includes the possibility that layers a=
t either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN environments.
 An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environment, supporting=
 SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment is certainly n=
ecessary, no question about it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes, t=
his is important. In ACTN, we regard NMS/EMS as the domain control/manageme=
nt entity and with an added function to support &#8220;interface C&#8221;,
 NMS/EMS can be empowered to participate in virtualization regime. 80% of t=
ransport networks are controlled/managed by NMS/EMS today and enabling them=
 with network virtualization layer/function is one of the key requirements =
from operators. &nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">As to the ONF SDN ar=
chitecture suggestion, be clear that there is no question of demanding that=
 anyone accept any particular input. The point was to call
 attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, to t=
he purpose of adding new value to the discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Thanks=
 for this clarification. I think ACTN can complement ONF SDN architecture. =
I think by now many issues we discussed (e.g., hierarchy vs. recursiveness;
 pce function in each control layer, etc) are more or less aligned rather t=
han being contradictory or re-inventing.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for providing y=
our perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Best regards,<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> ACTN [<a=
 href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Dave Hood<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">I shared several comments on the n=
ew draft with the editors, but a few of them are more than editorial, so I&=
#8217;m posting them for wider discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Operators have been trying to brea=
k silos for decades. It is okay to specialize the SDN architecture into a u=
nique transport view, but we ought not create separate concepts,
 interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong justifications to depar=
t from other domains. We should make best efforts to integrate transport SD=
N views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. We do not want to re-cre=
ate silos in the SDN world.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think you are talk=
ing about SDN from a green field perspective. T-SDN could mean different th=
ings to different set of people including different SDOs. It seems
 to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basis of discussion her=
e. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture document produced m=
id this year. On the other hand, there are different views of what T-SDN me=
ans in other parts of the world.
 Therefore I think it would be a bit over bearing to demand other views to =
be subjected to one view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Having said that, it is of course =
always the operator&#8217;s option to deploy SDN in separate technology sil=
os according to its own practices. The architecture is general,
 but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. Operators wan=
t to build on top of what they have deployed while pursuing new green field=
. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable legacy control/management
 domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SDN (openflow) control.=
 <o:p>
</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">An example of specialization is th=
e proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarchy or recursion appears to be rest=
ricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally, stacking is valid
 in any layer, and even the layer classification is to some extent pragmati=
c for each given instance. In the transport network, suppose we have a PNC,=
 some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a yet lower layer o=
f SDN. In such a case, the same
 controller would act as a PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC towa=
rd others. (Necessarily VNC because I&#8217;m told offline that only a VNC =
can span admin domains.) These distinctions do not seem like a useful ratho=
le to enter. The controllers at different
 levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; better ju=
st to call them all SDN controllers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think there was a =
misunderstanding. In your particular example, if a PNC is in charge of some=
 networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be another hierarchy
 below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and indeed that PNC=
 might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath its control domai=
n. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its network control. Thi=
s does not simply need not be known
 to what is above the PNC. Each PNC represents a control of some network co=
mprising an end to end network. It can be a single domain control or contro=
l multi domain. SDN controller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. Ther=
e may be other controllers such
 as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control. <o:p></o:p=
></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The framework suggests that the PC=
E lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a single well-defined PNC layer, this=
 denies the more abstract layers the ability to compute
 paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are constrained by=
 the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing what those constr=
aints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported across a business =
boundary to a customer whose VN
 may be complex enough to justify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to=
 be available at multiple levels of virtualization: let it be available to =
anyone who needs it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Actually there is al=
ways PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. Perhaps, there needs more cl=
arification in the document. We used PCE means to what PCE does
 in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have resource manage=
r (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks), likewise CNC wh=
ere customers want to compute their paths within the confines of VNs alloca=
ted to them.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Arguably the major issue with the =
draft is that it does not recognize the importance of the manager actor in =
the provider-customer relationship. The SDN architecture
 explains that the provider&#8217;s manager is necessarily responsible for =
creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for installing =
policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to both prote=
ct the customer from other customers (privacy
 and QoS) and to protect the provider&#8217;s own resources from customer m=
isbehaviour, whether intentional or otherwise. In particular, the draft ref=
ers to the customer app creating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted =
to create its own VN except perhaps as
 a mere subnet of the &#8220;real&#8221; VN created under the auspices of a=
 business negotiation by the provider&#8217;s manager. (And yes, the SDN ar=
chitecture also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example=
 if the customer invokes a service provisioning portal
 with credentials that permit billing.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good point. This is =
one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on more. Your contribution is wel=
come for this.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Completeness, common concepts, int=
erfaces and terminology could all be facilitated by starting with the umbre=
lla SDN architecture available at
<a href=3D"https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-reso=
urces/technical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf">
https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/techn=
ical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf</a>, and then specializing it.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good reference, I ha=
ve to say, which the latest version included as one of the references.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dave<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C404C6dfweml706chm_--


From nobody Fri Oct 24 12:55:58 2014
Return-Path: <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id F1FE11A90FF for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 12:55:48 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -1.909
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-1.909 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, T_RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.01] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id Mq1KJaPoxHzu for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 12:55:32 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from mail3.advaoptical.com (mail3.advaoptical.com [74.202.24.82]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id B33C11A90F4 for <actn@ietf.org>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 12:55:31 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com [172.16.5.39]) by atl-vs-fsmail.advaoptical.com (8.14.5/8.14.5) with ESMTP id s9OJsNWp023990 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=AES128-SHA bits=128 verify=FAIL); Fri, 24 Oct 2014 15:54:23 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX2.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.46) by atl-srv-mail10.atl.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.39) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.181.6; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 15:54:22 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.45) by ATL-SRV-MBX2.advaoptical.com (172.16.5.46) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1044.5; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 15:54:22 -0400
Received: from ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1]) by ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com ([fe80::6433:f8f:ea41:a6e1%14]) with mapi id 15.00.1044.003; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 15:54:22 -0400
From: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>
To: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, Dave Hood <dave.hood@ericsson.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
Thread-Index: Ac/tbea1DOR7hvbLT6q34yEim3G4lQA8lxLgAByrSPAAMwBfkAABRejgAAEXbaAABl6awA==
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 19:54:22 +0000
Message-ID: <efcedc5b2b86498ca626f22b32a52092@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
References: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F538AEA@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3FD8B@dfweml706-chm> <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53C349@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C403EF@dfweml706-chm> <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53E408@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C404C6@dfweml706-chm>
In-Reply-To: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C404C6@dfweml706-chm>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-ms-exchange-transport-fromentityheader: Hosted
x-originating-ip: [172.16.5.49]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_efcedc5b2b86498ca626f22b32a52092ATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=fsecure engine=2.50.10432:5.12.52, 1.0.28,  0.0.0000 definitions=2014-10-24_06:2014-10-24,2014-10-24,1970-01-01 signatures=0
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/nbI4BJEBuIqlozhNj4MKQe2zUis
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 19:55:49 -0000

--_000_efcedc5b2b86498ca626f22b32a52092ATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Young,
Consider the following use case: a provider of abstract topology (PNC as yo=
u call) does it the following way:

a)     For a part of said topology (a subset of abstract nodes and links) i=
t provides underlay directly, that is, talks to the actual network control =
(NMS, Control Plane, PCE, etc.)

b)     For another part it uses abstract topologies presented by its own ch=
ild domain providers

In this case, when a segment of service is provisioned over the domain owne=
d by said PNC, it will have to perform both the PNC function and the VNC mu=
lti-domain coordination for the child domains. Note that such situation can=
 recur at each level of the transport SDN hierarchy.
This is just another indication as to why there is no difference between VN=
V and PNC.

Cheers,
Igor

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Leeyoung
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 3:08 PM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks. I think we are getting there.

Please see inline for my comment. This is my personal view and other folks =
(especially the co-authors of the framework draft) may address their views.

Thanks,
Young

From: Dave Hood [mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 11:18 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Thanks, Young. Try the following proposal to see if it aligns our perspecti=
ves:

For either hierarchy or recursion, as used here, we need each successive la=
yer to be fundamentally of the same type as the one above/below it, likewis=
e for the interfaces. That's why the SDN architecture calls all of them SDN=
 controllers, and all of the interfaces CPIs (controller plane interfaces).

I think we can align our views by introducing roles. The SDN architecture i=
magines that we take the perspective of some given SDN controller, from whi=
ch we see a (virtual) data plane to our south and a (virtual) applications =
plane to our north.

YOUNG>> I agree with you on this in principle, but with a caveat that when =
we associate roles/functions with the type of controller, there are differe=
nces we begin to observe. I think devil are in the details. As I elaborated=
 before and also in the later point, there are two main functions that need=
 to be performed by VNC: (i) virtualizer; (ii) multi-domain coordination/or=
chestration. For (i), we can agree that the hierarchy of controllers (CNC, =
VNC, PNC) all share this in different degrees. For (ii), if we were to assu=
me this would happen in VNC, then this particular role has to be defined wh=
ich is different than virtualizer function. If we can agree on this, that i=
s great.

>From the discussion on this thread, I think the ACTN framework steps outsid=
e one particular SDN controller, and instead stands on the boundary between=
 a pair of adjacent SDN controllers, one of which plays the role PNC, the o=
ther of which plays the role VNC. If we think of it as a boundary or an int=
erface view, we have reduced visibility, maybe no visibility, of what happe=
ns further down or further up. We already omit discussion of applications n=
orth of the VNC; would it make sense to minimize the discussion of physical=
 functions further south of the PNC?

YOUNG>> Yes, we are only considering an interface view between VNC and PNC.=
 We concerns not what PNC does for its domain technology control. I can env=
ision the following needs to be supported in this interface so that the VNC=
 would perform the following (Interface C in the current framework).

i.                 Creating an end-to-end virtual network topology based on=
 the feed of each domain controllers input south of the VNC (i.e., PNCs).

ii.                It computes an end-to-end path (virtual path)

iii.              It signals to each domain controller (PNCs) and there mig=
ht be some signaling interaction (e.g., likes of crankbacks to reroute due =
to network condition changes associated with domain networks)


After all, if we really insist that the PNC talk to iron, we necessarily ca=
re about boxes and circuit packs, redundant cooling shelves and power feeds=
, hardware failure and repair, software upgrade.... If these are out of sco=
pe for ACTN, and I believe they are, then we shouldn't really care whether =
there is iron down there or a virtual network.

YOUNG>> I agree.  What "PNC" does underneath (interface D) is out of the sc=
ope of ACTN, this includes GMPLS/PCE, PNNI, OF, Qx, Netconf, SNMP, etc, or =
anything else.  Only thing in scope is the interface between PNC and VNC (a=
nd interface CNC and VNC, which I still think a difference interface from P=
NC-VNC interface although sharing some "virtualizer" functionality) and the=
 protocols on those interfaces, which is TDB by the solution works down the=
 road. Is this what you are saying, then we are in agreement on this point.

What do you think?
Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 8:58 AM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks for your further comments. I found this thread very helpful to clari=
fy different perspectives and some misunderstanding.

The three-tier control hierarchy discussed in the ACTN framework is "zoomin=
g" on the relationships across three entities (CNC, VNC, PNC). This does no=
t necessarily limit that is above and below these entities. There may be ot=
her hierarchy especially under PNCs. From this, I see neither contradiction=
 with nor reinventing the wheel of the notion of  "recursive" relationships=
 among the controllers, which is one of the main points in your SDN archite=
cture document. We used the term "hierarchy" (instead of "recursion") notin=
g that there is a certain recursive nature in modeling abstraction while sp=
ecifying some functional differences among the three-tier controllers.

Your SDN architecture specifies a PCE function in each control layer, which=
 is also very consistent with ACTN framework. We might need further termino=
logy alignment to avoid misunderstanding.

In regards to controller name, as Daniele suggested we are open to rename t=
hem if necessary. Igor has some idea as well on this. CNC, VNC and PNC are =
tied with some control functions. We can continue to work on this. Perhaps =
for IETF 91, we would stay with these terms and later if the work is warran=
ted, we can revisit this issue.

Please see inline for my responses.

Thanks,
Young



From: Dave Hood [mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 23, 2014 10:14 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Thanks, Young. A couple of responses:

The suggested SDN architecture that was developed in ONF includes the possi=
bility that layers at either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN =
environments. An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environmen=
t, supporting SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment i=
s certainly necessary, no question about it.

YOUNG>> Yes, this is important. In ACTN, we regard NMS/EMS as the domain co=
ntrol/management entity and with an added function to support "interface C"=
, NMS/EMS can be empowered to participate in virtualization regime. 80% of =
transport networks are controlled/managed by NMS/EMS today and enabling the=
m with network virtualization layer/function is one of the key requirements=
 from operators.

As to the ONF SDN architecture suggestion, be clear that there is no questi=
on of demanding that anyone accept any particular input. The point was to c=
all attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, t=
o the purpose of adding new value to the discussion.

YOUNG>> Thanks for this clarification. I think ACTN can complement ONF SDN =
architecture. I think by now many issues we discussed (e.g., hierarchy vs. =
recursiveness; pce function in each control layer, etc) are more or less al=
igned rather than being contradictory or re-inventing.

Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks for providing your perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.

Best regards,
Young

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dave Hood
Sent: Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

I shared several comments on the new draft with the editors, but a few of t=
hem are more than editorial, so I'm posting them for wider discussion.

Operators have been trying to break silos for decades. It is okay to specia=
lize the SDN architecture into a unique transport view, but we ought not cr=
eate separate concepts, interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong =
justifications to depart from other domains. We should make best efforts to=
 integrate transport SDN views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. W=
e do not want to re-create silos in the SDN world.

YOUNG>> I think you are talking about SDN from a green field perspective. T=
-SDN could mean different things to different set of people including diffe=
rent SDOs. It seems to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basi=
s of discussion here. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture =
document produced mid this year. On the other hand, there are different vie=
ws of what T-SDN means in other parts of the world. Therefore I think it wo=
uld be a bit over bearing to demand other views to be subjected to one view=
.

Having said that, it is of course always the operator's option to deploy SD=
N in separate technology silos according to its own practices. The architec=
ture is general, but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.

YOUNG>> Agree. Operators want to build on top of what they have deployed wh=
ile pursuing new green field. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable lega=
cy control/management domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SD=
N (openflow) control.

An example of specialization is the proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarc=
hy or recursion appears to be restricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally,=
 stacking is valid in any layer, and even the layer classification is to so=
me extent pragmatic for each given instance. In the transport network, supp=
ose we have a PNC, some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a=
 yet lower layer of SDN. In such a case, the same controller would act as a=
 PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC toward others. (Necessarily VN=
C because I'm told offline that only a VNC can span admin domains.) These d=
istinctions do not seem like a useful rathole to enter. The controllers at =
different levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; =
better just to call them all SDN controllers.

YOUNG>> I think there was a misunderstanding. In your particular example, i=
f a PNC is in charge of some networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be a=
nother hierarchy below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and=
 indeed that PNC might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath i=
ts control domain. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its netw=
ork control. This does not simply need not be known to what is above the PN=
C. Each PNC represents a control of some network comprising an end to end n=
etwork. It can be a single domain control or control multi domain. SDN cont=
roller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. There may be other controlle=
rs such as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control.

The framework suggests that the PCE lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a s=
ingle well-defined PNC layer, this denies the more abstract layers the abil=
ity to compute paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are =
constrained by the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing wha=
t those constraints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported acro=
ss a business boundary to a customer whose VN may be complex enough to just=
ify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to be available at multiple leve=
ls of virtualization: let it be available to anyone who needs it.

YOUNG>> Actually there is always PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. =
Perhaps, there needs more clarification in the document. We used PCE means =
to what PCE does in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have=
 resource manager (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks),=
 likewise CNC where customers want to compute their paths within the confin=
es of VNs allocated to them.


Arguably the major issue with the draft is that it does not recognize the i=
mportance of the manager actor in the provider-customer relationship. The S=
DN architecture explains that the provider's manager is necessarily respons=
ible for creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for in=
stalling policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to b=
oth protect the customer from other customers (privacy and QoS) and to prot=
ect the provider's own resources from customer misbehaviour, whether intent=
ional or otherwise. In particular, the draft refers to the customer app cre=
ating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted to create its own VN except=
 perhaps as a mere subnet of the "real" VN created under the auspices of a =
business negotiation by the provider's manager. (And yes, the SDN architect=
ure also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example if the=
 customer invokes a service provisioning portal with credentials that permi=
t billing.)

YOUNG>> Good point. This is one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on mo=
re. Your contribution is welcome for this.

Completeness, common concepts, interfaces and terminology could all be faci=
litated by starting with the umbrella SDN architecture available at https:/=
/www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/technical-re=
ports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf, and then specializing it.

YOUNG>> Good reference, I have to say, which the latest version included as=
 one of the references.

Dave

--_000_efcedc5b2b86498ca626f22b32a52092ATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"=
>
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Bookman Old Style";
	panose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Cambria;
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
	{mso-style-priority:34;
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:0in;
	margin-left:.5in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle20
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle21
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle22
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle23
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle26
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
	{mso-list-id:267125031;
	mso-list-type:hybrid;
	mso-list-template-ids:1088058986 67698711 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698=
713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l0:level1
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-text:"%1\)";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level2
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level3
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l0:level4
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level5
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level6
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l0:level7
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level8
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level9
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l1
	{mso-list-id:749232646;
	mso-list-type:hybrid;
	mso-list-template-ids:148406284 1972552712 67698713 67698715 67698703 6769=
8713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l1:level1
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:.75in;
	text-indent:-.5in;}
@list l1:level2
	{mso-level-tab-stop:1.0in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l1:level3
	{mso-level-tab-stop:1.5in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l1:level4
	{mso-level-tab-stop:2.0in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l1:level5
	{mso-level-tab-stop:2.5in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l1:level6
	{mso-level-tab-stop:3.0in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l1:level7
	{mso-level-tab-stop:3.5in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l1:level8
	{mso-level-tab-stop:4.0in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l1:level9
	{mso-level-tab-stop:4.5in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
ol
	{margin-bottom:0in;}
ul
	{margin-bottom:0in;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Yo=
ung,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Consi=
der the following use case: a provider of abstract topology (PNC as you cal=
l) does it the following way:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level=
1 lfo3"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"=
><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">a)<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times Ne=
w Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497=
D">For a part of said topology (a subset of abstract nodes and links) it pr=
ovides underlay directly, that is, talks to the actual network control (NMS=
, Control Plane, PCE, etc.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level=
1 lfo3"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"=
><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">b)<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times Ne=
w Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497=
D">For another part it uses abstract topologies presented by its own child =
domain providers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">In th=
is case, when a segment of service is provisioned over the domain owned by =
said PNC, it will have to perform both the PNC function and the VNC multi-d=
omain coordination for the child domains.
 Note that such situation can recur at each level of the transport SDN hier=
archy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">This =
is just another indication as to why there is no difference between VNV and=
 PNC.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] <b>=
On Behalf Of
</b>Leeyoung<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 3:08 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o=
:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks. I think we are=
 getting there.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Please see inline for =
my comment. This is my personal view and other folks (especially the co-aut=
hors of the framework draft) may address their views.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Dave Hoo=
d [<a href=3D"mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com">mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com<=
/a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 11:18 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks, Young. Try t=
he following proposal to see if it aligns our perspectives:<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">For either hierarchy=
 or recursion, as used here, we need each successive layer to be fundamenta=
lly of the same type as the one above/below it, likewise
 for the interfaces. That&#8217;s why the SDN architecture calls all of the=
m SDN controllers, and all of the interfaces CPIs (controller plane interfa=
ces).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">I think we can align=
 our views by introducing roles. The SDN architecture imagines that we take=
 the perspective of some given SDN controller, from which
 we see a (virtual) data plane to our south and a (virtual) applications pl=
ane to our north.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I agree with you on this in princ=
iple, but with a caveat that when we associate roles/functions with the typ=
e of controller, there are differences we begin to observe. I
 think devil are in the details. As I elaborated before and also in the lat=
er point, there are two main functions that need to be performed by VNC: (i=
) virtualizer; (ii) multi-domain coordination/orchestration. For (i), we ca=
n agree that the hierarchy of controllers
 (CNC, VNC, PNC) all share this in different degrees. For (ii), if we were =
to assume this would happen in VNC, then this particular role has to be def=
ined which is different than virtualizer function. If we can agree on this,=
 that is great.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">From the discussion =
on this thread, I think the ACTN framework steps outside one particular SDN=
 controller, and instead stands on the boundary between
 a pair of adjacent SDN controllers, one of which plays the role PNC, the o=
ther of which plays the role VNC. If we think of it as a boundary or an int=
erface view, we have reduced visibility, maybe no visibility, of what happe=
ns further down or further up. We
 already omit discussion of applications north of the VNC; would it make se=
nse to minimize the discussion of physical functions further south of the P=
NC?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes, we are only considering an i=
nterface view between VNC and PNC. We concerns not what PNC does for its do=
main technology control. I can envision the following needs to
 be supported in this interface so that the VNC would perform the following=
 (Interface C in the current framework).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.5in;=
mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;s=
erif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">i.<span style=3D"=
font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quo=
t;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Creating an end-to-end virtual network =
topology based on the feed of each domain controllers input south of the VN=
C (i.e., PNCs).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.5in;=
mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;s=
erif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">ii.<span style=3D=
"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quo=
t;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">It computes an end-to-end path (virtual=
 path)
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.5in;=
mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;s=
erif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">iii.<span style=
=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quo=
t;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">It signals to each domain controller (P=
NCs) and there might be some signaling interaction (e.g., likes of crankbac=
ks to reroute due to network condition changes associated
 with domain networks)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">After all, if we rea=
lly insist that the PNC talk to iron, we necessarily care about boxes and c=
ircuit packs, redundant cooling shelves and power feeds,
 hardware failure and repair, software upgrade&#8230;. If these are out of =
scope for ACTN, and I believe they are, then we shouldn&#8217;t really care=
 whether there is iron down there or a virtual network.<o:p></o:p></span></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I agree. &nbsp;What &#8220;PNC&#8=
221; does underneath (interface D) is out of the scope of ACTN, this includ=
es GMPLS/PCE, PNNI, OF, Qx, Netconf, SNMP, etc, or anything else. &nbsp;Onl=
y thing in
 scope is the interface between PNC and VNC (and interface CNC and VNC, whi=
ch I still think a difference interface from PNC-VNC interface although sha=
ring some &#8220;virtualizer&#8221; functionality) and the protocols on tho=
se interfaces, which is TDB by the solution
 works down the road. Is this what you are saying, then we are in agreement=
 on this point.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">What do you think?<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 8:58 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your furthe=
r comments. I found this thread very helpful to clarify different perspecti=
ves and some misunderstanding.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">The three-tier control=
 hierarchy discussed in the ACTN framework is &#8220;zooming&#8221; on the =
relationships across three entities (CNC, VNC, PNC). This does not necessar=
ily limit that is above and below these entities.
 There may be other hierarchy especially under PNCs. From this, I see neith=
er contradiction with nor reinventing the wheel of the notion of &nbsp;&#82=
20;recursive&#8221; relationships among the controllers, which is one of th=
e main points in your SDN architecture document.
 We used the term &#8220;hierarchy&#8221; (instead of &#8220;recursion&#822=
1;) noting that there is a certain recursive nature in modeling abstraction=
 while specifying some functional differences among the three-tier controll=
ers. &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Your SDN architecture =
specifies a PCE function in each control layer, which is also very consiste=
nt with ACTN framework. We might need further terminology alignment to avoi=
d misunderstanding.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">In regards to controll=
er name, as Daniele suggested we are open to rename them if necessary. Igor=
 has some idea as well on this. CNC, VNC and PNC are tied with some control=
 functions. We can continue to work
 on this. Perhaps for IETF 91, we would stay with these terms and later if =
the work is warranted, we can revisit this issue.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Please see inline for =
my responses.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young <o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Dave Hoo=
d [<a href=3D"mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com">mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com<=
/a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 23, 2014 10:14 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks, Young. A cou=
ple of responses:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">The suggested SDN ar=
chitecture that was developed in ONF includes the possibility that layers a=
t either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN environments.
 An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environment, supporting=
 SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment is certainly n=
ecessary, no question about it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes, t=
his is important. In ACTN, we regard NMS/EMS as the domain control/manageme=
nt entity and with an added function to support &#8220;interface C&#8221;,
 NMS/EMS can be empowered to participate in virtualization regime. 80% of t=
ransport networks are controlled/managed by NMS/EMS today and enabling them=
 with network virtualization layer/function is one of the key requirements =
from operators. &nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">As to the ONF SDN ar=
chitecture suggestion, be clear that there is no question of demanding that=
 anyone accept any particular input. The point was to call
 attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, to t=
he purpose of adding new value to the discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Thanks=
 for this clarification. I think ACTN can complement ONF SDN architecture. =
I think by now many issues we discussed (e.g., hierarchy vs. recursiveness;
 pce function in each control layer, etc) are more or less aligned rather t=
han being contradictory or re-inventing.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for providing y=
our perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Best regards,<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> ACTN [<a=
 href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Dave Hood<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">I shared several comments on the n=
ew draft with the editors, but a few of them are more than editorial, so I&=
#8217;m posting them for wider discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Operators have been trying to brea=
k silos for decades. It is okay to specialize the SDN architecture into a u=
nique transport view, but we ought not create separate concepts,
 interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong justifications to depar=
t from other domains. We should make best efforts to integrate transport SD=
N views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. We do not want to re-cre=
ate silos in the SDN world.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think you are talk=
ing about SDN from a green field perspective. T-SDN could mean different th=
ings to different set of people including different SDOs. It seems
 to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basis of discussion her=
e. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture document produced m=
id this year. On the other hand, there are different views of what T-SDN me=
ans in other parts of the world.
 Therefore I think it would be a bit over bearing to demand other views to =
be subjected to one view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Having said that, it is of course =
always the operator&#8217;s option to deploy SDN in separate technology sil=
os according to its own practices. The architecture is general,
 but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. Operators wan=
t to build on top of what they have deployed while pursuing new green field=
. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable legacy control/management
 domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SDN (openflow) control.=
 <o:p>
</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">An example of specialization is th=
e proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarchy or recursion appears to be rest=
ricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally, stacking is valid
 in any layer, and even the layer classification is to some extent pragmati=
c for each given instance. In the transport network, suppose we have a PNC,=
 some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a yet lower layer o=
f SDN. In such a case, the same
 controller would act as a PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC towa=
rd others. (Necessarily VNC because I&#8217;m told offline that only a VNC =
can span admin domains.) These distinctions do not seem like a useful ratho=
le to enter. The controllers at different
 levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; better ju=
st to call them all SDN controllers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think there was a =
misunderstanding. In your particular example, if a PNC is in charge of some=
 networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be another hierarchy
 below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and indeed that PNC=
 might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath its control domai=
n. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its network control. Thi=
s does not simply need not be known
 to what is above the PNC. Each PNC represents a control of some network co=
mprising an end to end network. It can be a single domain control or contro=
l multi domain. SDN controller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. Ther=
e may be other controllers such
 as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control. <o:p></o:p=
></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The framework suggests that the PC=
E lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a single well-defined PNC layer, this=
 denies the more abstract layers the ability to compute
 paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are constrained by=
 the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing what those constr=
aints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported across a business =
boundary to a customer whose VN
 may be complex enough to justify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to=
 be available at multiple levels of virtualization: let it be available to =
anyone who needs it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Actually there is al=
ways PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. Perhaps, there needs more cl=
arification in the document. We used PCE means to what PCE does
 in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have resource manage=
r (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks), likewise CNC wh=
ere customers want to compute their paths within the confines of VNs alloca=
ted to them.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Arguably the major issue with the =
draft is that it does not recognize the importance of the manager actor in =
the provider-customer relationship. The SDN architecture
 explains that the provider&#8217;s manager is necessarily responsible for =
creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for installing =
policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to both prote=
ct the customer from other customers (privacy
 and QoS) and to protect the provider&#8217;s own resources from customer m=
isbehaviour, whether intentional or otherwise. In particular, the draft ref=
ers to the customer app creating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted =
to create its own VN except perhaps as
 a mere subnet of the &#8220;real&#8221; VN created under the auspices of a=
 business negotiation by the provider&#8217;s manager. (And yes, the SDN ar=
chitecture also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example=
 if the customer invokes a service provisioning portal
 with credentials that permit billing.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good point. This is =
one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on more. Your contribution is wel=
come for this.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Completeness, common concepts, int=
erfaces and terminology could all be facilitated by starting with the umbre=
lla SDN architecture available at
<a href=3D"https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-reso=
urces/technical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf">
https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/techn=
ical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf</a>, and then specializing it.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good reference, I ha=
ve to say, which the latest version included as one of the references.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dave<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_efcedc5b2b86498ca626f22b32a52092ATLSRVMBX1advaopticalco_--


From nobody Fri Oct 24 13:16:34 2014
Return-Path: <leeyoung@huawei.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5DA961A0A6A for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 13:16:32 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -4.208
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.208 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HK_RANDOM_ENVFROM=0.001, HK_RANDOM_FROM=0.001, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, SPF_PASS=-0.001, T_RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.01] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id mNMKUP3vBuSj for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 13:16:22 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from lhrrgout.huawei.com (lhrrgout.huawei.com [194.213.3.17]) (using TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 649531A0248 for <actn@ietf.org>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 13:16:21 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from 172.18.7.190 (EHLO lhreml406-hub.china.huawei.com) ([172.18.7.190]) by lhrrg02-dlp.huawei.com (MOS 4.3.7-GA FastPath queued) with ESMTP id BKX31720; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 20:16:20 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from DFWEML705-CHM.china.huawei.com (10.193.5.142) by lhreml406-hub.china.huawei.com (10.201.5.243) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.158.1; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 21:16:18 +0100
Received: from DFWEML706-CHM.china.huawei.com ([10.193.5.225]) by dfweml705-chm ([10.193.5.142]) with mapi id 14.03.0158.001; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 13:16:10 -0700
From: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>
To: Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>, Dave Hood <dave.hood@ericsson.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
Thread-Index: Ac/tbea1DOR7hvbLT6q34yEim3G4lQA8lxLgAByrSPAAMwBfkAABRejgAAEXbaAABl6awAAAtgLg
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 20:16:09 +0000
Message-ID: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C40548@dfweml706-chm>
References: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F538AEA@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3FD8B@dfweml706-chm> <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53C349@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C403EF@dfweml706-chm> <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53E408@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C404C6@dfweml706-chm> <efcedc5b2b86498ca626f22b32a52092@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
In-Reply-To: <efcedc5b2b86498ca626f22b32a52092@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [10.47.135.123]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C40548dfweml706chm_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-CFilter-Loop: Reflected
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/r3rR5ETL5VSLLgf2XtuMoM7Uifw
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 20:16:32 -0000

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C40548dfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Igor,

I would say we need to associate the role of the controller. I can see from=
 your example multi-domain coordination (let say the function is called 'md=
') can take place either VNC or PNC, or both.


-          If we were to place the 'md' funtion at VNC (which is a typical =
case in the framework), we need to say it as VNC-md;

-          if we were to place this at PNC (in your example), we need to sa=
y the PNC has two roles: for the direct controlled network control, it is P=
NC; for child VNs' control, it is VNC-md.

I think as Dave suggested, once we attach the role of the controller with i=
ts name, then things begin to shed more light.

Regards,
Young

From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 2:54 PM
To: Leeyoung; Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Young,
Consider the following use case: a provider of abstract topology (PNC as yo=
u call) does it the following way:

a)     For a part of said topology (a subset of abstract nodes and links) i=
t provides underlay directly, that is, talks to the actual network control =
(NMS, Control Plane, PCE, etc.)

b)     For another part it uses abstract topologies presented by its own ch=
ild domain providers

In this case, when a segment of service is provisioned over the domain owne=
d by said PNC, it will have to perform both the PNC function and the VNC mu=
lti-domain coordination for the child domains. Note that such situation can=
 recur at each level of the transport SDN hierarchy.
This is just another indication as to why there is no difference between VN=
V and PNC.

Cheers,
Igor

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Leeyoung
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 3:08 PM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks. I think we are getting there.

Please see inline for my comment. This is my personal view and other folks =
(especially the co-authors of the framework draft) may address their views.

Thanks,
Young

From: Dave Hood [mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 11:18 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Thanks, Young. Try the following proposal to see if it aligns our perspecti=
ves:

For either hierarchy or recursion, as used here, we need each successive la=
yer to be fundamentally of the same type as the one above/below it, likewis=
e for the interfaces. That's why the SDN architecture calls all of them SDN=
 controllers, and all of the interfaces CPIs (controller plane interfaces).

I think we can align our views by introducing roles. The SDN architecture i=
magines that we take the perspective of some given SDN controller, from whi=
ch we see a (virtual) data plane to our south and a (virtual) applications =
plane to our north.

YOUNG>> I agree with you on this in principle, but with a caveat that when =
we associate roles/functions with the type of controller, there are differe=
nces we begin to observe. I think devil are in the details. As I elaborated=
 before and also in the later point, there are two main functions that need=
 to be performed by VNC: (i) virtualizer; (ii) multi-domain coordination/or=
chestration. For (i), we can agree that the hierarchy of controllers (CNC, =
VNC, PNC) all share this in different degrees. For (ii), if we were to assu=
me this would happen in VNC, then this particular role has to be defined wh=
ich is different than virtualizer function. If we can agree on this, that i=
s great.

>From the discussion on this thread, I think the ACTN framework steps outsid=
e one particular SDN controller, and instead stands on the boundary between=
 a pair of adjacent SDN controllers, one of which plays the role PNC, the o=
ther of which plays the role VNC. If we think of it as a boundary or an int=
erface view, we have reduced visibility, maybe no visibility, of what happe=
ns further down or further up. We already omit discussion of applications n=
orth of the VNC; would it make sense to minimize the discussion of physical=
 functions further south of the PNC?

YOUNG>> Yes, we are only considering an interface view between VNC and PNC.=
 We concerns not what PNC does for its domain technology control. I can env=
ision the following needs to be supported in this interface so that the VNC=
 would perform the following (Interface C in the current framework).

i.                 Creating an end-to-end virtual network topology based on=
 the feed of each domain controllers input south of the VNC (i.e., PNCs).

ii.                It computes an end-to-end path (virtual path)

iii.              It signals to each domain controller (PNCs) and there mig=
ht be some signaling interaction (e.g., likes of crankbacks to reroute due =
to network condition changes associated with domain networks)


After all, if we really insist that the PNC talk to iron, we necessarily ca=
re about boxes and circuit packs, redundant cooling shelves and power feeds=
, hardware failure and repair, software upgrade.... If these are out of sco=
pe for ACTN, and I believe they are, then we shouldn't really care whether =
there is iron down there or a virtual network.

YOUNG>> I agree.  What "PNC" does underneath (interface D) is out of the sc=
ope of ACTN, this includes GMPLS/PCE, PNNI, OF, Qx, Netconf, SNMP, etc, or =
anything else.  Only thing in scope is the interface between PNC and VNC (a=
nd interface CNC and VNC, which I still think a difference interface from P=
NC-VNC interface although sharing some "virtualizer" functionality) and the=
 protocols on those interfaces, which is TDB by the solution works down the=
 road. Is this what you are saying, then we are in agreement on this point.

What do you think?
Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 8:58 AM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks for your further comments. I found this thread very helpful to clari=
fy different perspectives and some misunderstanding.

The three-tier control hierarchy discussed in the ACTN framework is "zoomin=
g" on the relationships across three entities (CNC, VNC, PNC). This does no=
t necessarily limit that is above and below these entities. There may be ot=
her hierarchy especially under PNCs. From this, I see neither contradiction=
 with nor reinventing the wheel of the notion of  "recursive" relationships=
 among the controllers, which is one of the main points in your SDN archite=
cture document. We used the term "hierarchy" (instead of "recursion") notin=
g that there is a certain recursive nature in modeling abstraction while sp=
ecifying some functional differences among the three-tier controllers.

Your SDN architecture specifies a PCE function in each control layer, which=
 is also very consistent with ACTN framework. We might need further termino=
logy alignment to avoid misunderstanding.

In regards to controller name, as Daniele suggested we are open to rename t=
hem if necessary. Igor has some idea as well on this. CNC, VNC and PNC are =
tied with some control functions. We can continue to work on this. Perhaps =
for IETF 91, we would stay with these terms and later if the work is warran=
ted, we can revisit this issue.

Please see inline for my responses.

Thanks,
Young



From: Dave Hood [mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 23, 2014 10:14 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Thanks, Young. A couple of responses:

The suggested SDN architecture that was developed in ONF includes the possi=
bility that layers at either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN =
environments. An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environmen=
t, supporting SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment i=
s certainly necessary, no question about it.

YOUNG>> Yes, this is important. In ACTN, we regard NMS/EMS as the domain co=
ntrol/management entity and with an added function to support "interface C"=
, NMS/EMS can be empowered to participate in virtualization regime. 80% of =
transport networks are controlled/managed by NMS/EMS today and enabling the=
m with network virtualization layer/function is one of the key requirements=
 from operators.

As to the ONF SDN architecture suggestion, be clear that there is no questi=
on of demanding that anyone accept any particular input. The point was to c=
all attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, t=
o the purpose of adding new value to the discussion.

YOUNG>> Thanks for this clarification. I think ACTN can complement ONF SDN =
architecture. I think by now many issues we discussed (e.g., hierarchy vs. =
recursiveness; pce function in each control layer, etc) are more or less al=
igned rather than being contradictory or re-inventing.

Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks for providing your perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.

Best regards,
Young

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dave Hood
Sent: Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

I shared several comments on the new draft with the editors, but a few of t=
hem are more than editorial, so I'm posting them for wider discussion.

Operators have been trying to break silos for decades. It is okay to specia=
lize the SDN architecture into a unique transport view, but we ought not cr=
eate separate concepts, interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong =
justifications to depart from other domains. We should make best efforts to=
 integrate transport SDN views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. W=
e do not want to re-create silos in the SDN world.

YOUNG>> I think you are talking about SDN from a green field perspective. T=
-SDN could mean different things to different set of people including diffe=
rent SDOs. It seems to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basi=
s of discussion here. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture =
document produced mid this year. On the other hand, there are different vie=
ws of what T-SDN means in other parts of the world. Therefore I think it wo=
uld be a bit over bearing to demand other views to be subjected to one view=
.

Having said that, it is of course always the operator's option to deploy SD=
N in separate technology silos according to its own practices. The architec=
ture is general, but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.

YOUNG>> Agree. Operators want to build on top of what they have deployed wh=
ile pursuing new green field. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable lega=
cy control/management domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SD=
N (openflow) control.

An example of specialization is the proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarc=
hy or recursion appears to be restricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally,=
 stacking is valid in any layer, and even the layer classification is to so=
me extent pragmatic for each given instance. In the transport network, supp=
ose we have a PNC, some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a=
 yet lower layer of SDN. In such a case, the same controller would act as a=
 PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC toward others. (Necessarily VN=
C because I'm told offline that only a VNC can span admin domains.) These d=
istinctions do not seem like a useful rathole to enter. The controllers at =
different levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; =
better just to call them all SDN controllers.

YOUNG>> I think there was a misunderstanding. In your particular example, i=
f a PNC is in charge of some networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be a=
nother hierarchy below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and=
 indeed that PNC might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath i=
ts control domain. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its netw=
ork control. This does not simply need not be known to what is above the PN=
C. Each PNC represents a control of some network comprising an end to end n=
etwork. It can be a single domain control or control multi domain. SDN cont=
roller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. There may be other controlle=
rs such as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control.

The framework suggests that the PCE lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a s=
ingle well-defined PNC layer, this denies the more abstract layers the abil=
ity to compute paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are =
constrained by the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing wha=
t those constraints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported acro=
ss a business boundary to a customer whose VN may be complex enough to just=
ify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to be available at multiple leve=
ls of virtualization: let it be available to anyone who needs it.

YOUNG>> Actually there is always PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. =
Perhaps, there needs more clarification in the document. We used PCE means =
to what PCE does in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have=
 resource manager (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks),=
 likewise CNC where customers want to compute their paths within the confin=
es of VNs allocated to them.


Arguably the major issue with the draft is that it does not recognize the i=
mportance of the manager actor in the provider-customer relationship. The S=
DN architecture explains that the provider's manager is necessarily respons=
ible for creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for in=
stalling policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to b=
oth protect the customer from other customers (privacy and QoS) and to prot=
ect the provider's own resources from customer misbehaviour, whether intent=
ional or otherwise. In particular, the draft refers to the customer app cre=
ating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted to create its own VN except=
 perhaps as a mere subnet of the "real" VN created under the auspices of a =
business negotiation by the provider's manager. (And yes, the SDN architect=
ure also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example if the=
 customer invokes a service provisioning portal with credentials that permi=
t billing.)

YOUNG>> Good point. This is one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on mo=
re. Your contribution is welcome for this.

Completeness, common concepts, interfaces and terminology could all be faci=
litated by starting with the umbrella SDN architecture available at https:/=
/www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/technical-re=
ports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf, and then specializing it.

YOUNG>> Good reference, I have to say, which the latest version included as=
 one of the references.

Dave

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C40548dfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"=
>
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Wingdings;
	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Cambria;
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Bookman Old Style";
	panose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
	{mso-style-priority:34;
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:0in;
	margin-left:.5in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle20
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle21
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle22
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle23
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle26
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle27
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
	{mso-list-id:1214540217;
	mso-list-type:hybrid;
	mso-list-template-ids:1130770886 -1504256472 67698691 67698693 67698689 67=
698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;}
@list l0:level1
	{mso-level-start-at:0;
	mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:-;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
	mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
ol
	{margin-bottom:0in;}
ul
	{margin-bottom:0in;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Igor,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">I would say we need to=
 associate the role of the controller. I can see from your example multi-do=
main coordination (let say the function is called &#8216;md&#8217;) can tak=
e place either VNC or PNC, or both.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level=
1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><span style=3D"m=
so-list:Ignore">-<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">If we were to =
place the &#8216;md&#8217; funtion at VNC (which is a typical case in the f=
ramework), we need to say it as VNC-md;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level=
1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><span style=3D"m=
so-list:Ignore">-<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">if we were to =
place this at PNC (in your example), we need to say the PNC has two roles: =
for the direct controlled network control, it is PNC; for child VNs&#8217; =
control, it is VNC-md. &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">I think as Dave sugges=
ted, once we attach the role of the controller with its name, then things b=
egin to shed more light.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bry=
skin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 2:54 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Yo=
ung,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Consi=
der the following use case: a provider of abstract topology (PNC as you cal=
l) does it the following way:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">a)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">For a part of said to=
pology (a subset of abstract nodes and links) it provides underlay directly=
, that is, talks to the actual network control (NMS, Control Plane, PCE, et=
c.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">b)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">For another part it u=
ses abstract topologies presented by its own child domain providers<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">In th=
is case, when a segment of service is provisioned over the domain owned by =
said PNC, it will have to perform both the PNC function and the VNC multi-d=
omain coordination for the child domains.
 Note that such situation can recur at each level of the transport SDN hier=
archy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">This =
is just another indication as to why there is no difference between VNV and=
 PNC.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] <b>=
On Behalf Of
</b>Leeyoung<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 3:08 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o=
:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks. I think we are=
 getting there.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Please see inline for =
my comment. This is my personal view and other folks (especially the co-aut=
hors of the framework draft) may address their views.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Dave Hoo=
d [<a href=3D"mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com">mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com<=
/a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 11:18 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks, Young. Try t=
he following proposal to see if it aligns our perspectives:<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">For either hierarchy=
 or recursion, as used here, we need each successive layer to be fundamenta=
lly of the same type as the one above/below it, likewise
 for the interfaces. That&#8217;s why the SDN architecture calls all of the=
m SDN controllers, and all of the interfaces CPIs (controller plane interfa=
ces).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">I think we can align=
 our views by introducing roles. The SDN architecture imagines that we take=
 the perspective of some given SDN controller, from which
 we see a (virtual) data plane to our south and a (virtual) applications pl=
ane to our north.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I agree with you on this in princ=
iple, but with a caveat that when we associate roles/functions with the typ=
e of controller, there are differences we begin to observe. I
 think devil are in the details. As I elaborated before and also in the lat=
er point, there are two main functions that need to be performed by VNC: (i=
) virtualizer; (ii) multi-domain coordination/orchestration. For (i), we ca=
n agree that the hierarchy of controllers
 (CNC, VNC, PNC) all share this in different degrees. For (ii), if we were =
to assume this would happen in VNC, then this particular role has to be def=
ined which is different than virtualizer function. If we can agree on this,=
 that is great.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">From the discussion =
on this thread, I think the ACTN framework steps outside one particular SDN=
 controller, and instead stands on the boundary between
 a pair of adjacent SDN controllers, one of which plays the role PNC, the o=
ther of which plays the role VNC. If we think of it as a boundary or an int=
erface view, we have reduced visibility, maybe no visibility, of what happe=
ns further down or further up. We
 already omit discussion of applications north of the VNC; would it make se=
nse to minimize the discussion of physical functions further south of the P=
NC?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes, we are only considering an i=
nterface view between VNC and PNC. We concerns not what PNC does for its do=
main technology control. I can envision the following needs to
 be supported in this interface so that the VNC would perform the following=
 (Interface C in the current framework).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.5in"=
><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F=
497D">i.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New R=
oman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;col=
or:#1F497D">Creating an end-to-end virtual network topology based on the fe=
ed of each domain controllers input south of the VNC (i.e., PNCs).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.5in"=
><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F=
497D">ii.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New =
Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;col=
or:#1F497D">It computes an end-to-end path (virtual path)
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.5in"=
><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F=
497D">iii.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New=
 Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;col=
or:#1F497D">It signals to each domain controller (PNCs) and there might be =
some signaling interaction (e.g., likes of crankbacks to reroute due to net=
work condition changes associated with domain networks)<o:p></o:p></span></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">After all, if we rea=
lly insist that the PNC talk to iron, we necessarily care about boxes and c=
ircuit packs, redundant cooling shelves and power feeds,
 hardware failure and repair, software upgrade&#8230;. If these are out of =
scope for ACTN, and I believe they are, then we shouldn&#8217;t really care=
 whether there is iron down there or a virtual network.<o:p></o:p></span></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I agree. &nbsp;What &#8220;PNC&#8=
221; does underneath (interface D) is out of the scope of ACTN, this includ=
es GMPLS/PCE, PNNI, OF, Qx, Netconf, SNMP, etc, or anything else. &nbsp;Onl=
y thing in
 scope is the interface between PNC and VNC (and interface CNC and VNC, whi=
ch I still think a difference interface from PNC-VNC interface although sha=
ring some &#8220;virtualizer&#8221; functionality) and the protocols on tho=
se interfaces, which is TDB by the solution
 works down the road. Is this what you are saying, then we are in agreement=
 on this point.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">What do you think?<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 8:58 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your furthe=
r comments. I found this thread very helpful to clarify different perspecti=
ves and some misunderstanding.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">The three-tier control=
 hierarchy discussed in the ACTN framework is &#8220;zooming&#8221; on the =
relationships across three entities (CNC, VNC, PNC). This does not necessar=
ily limit that is above and below these entities.
 There may be other hierarchy especially under PNCs. From this, I see neith=
er contradiction with nor reinventing the wheel of the notion of &nbsp;&#82=
20;recursive&#8221; relationships among the controllers, which is one of th=
e main points in your SDN architecture document.
 We used the term &#8220;hierarchy&#8221; (instead of &#8220;recursion&#822=
1;) noting that there is a certain recursive nature in modeling abstraction=
 while specifying some functional differences among the three-tier controll=
ers. &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Your SDN architecture =
specifies a PCE function in each control layer, which is also very consiste=
nt with ACTN framework. We might need further terminology alignment to avoi=
d misunderstanding.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">In regards to controll=
er name, as Daniele suggested we are open to rename them if necessary. Igor=
 has some idea as well on this. CNC, VNC and PNC are tied with some control=
 functions. We can continue to work
 on this. Perhaps for IETF 91, we would stay with these terms and later if =
the work is warranted, we can revisit this issue.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Please see inline for =
my responses.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young <o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Dave Hoo=
d [<a href=3D"mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com">mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com<=
/a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 23, 2014 10:14 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks, Young. A cou=
ple of responses:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">The suggested SDN ar=
chitecture that was developed in ONF includes the possibility that layers a=
t either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN environments.
 An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environment, supporting=
 SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment is certainly n=
ecessary, no question about it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes, t=
his is important. In ACTN, we regard NMS/EMS as the domain control/manageme=
nt entity and with an added function to support &#8220;interface C&#8221;,
 NMS/EMS can be empowered to participate in virtualization regime. 80% of t=
ransport networks are controlled/managed by NMS/EMS today and enabling them=
 with network virtualization layer/function is one of the key requirements =
from operators. &nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">As to the ONF SDN ar=
chitecture suggestion, be clear that there is no question of demanding that=
 anyone accept any particular input. The point was to call
 attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, to t=
he purpose of adding new value to the discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Thanks=
 for this clarification. I think ACTN can complement ONF SDN architecture. =
I think by now many issues we discussed (e.g., hierarchy vs. recursiveness;
 pce function in each control layer, etc) are more or less aligned rather t=
han being contradictory or re-inventing.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for providing y=
our perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Best regards,<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> ACTN [<a=
 href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Dave Hood<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">I shared several comments on the n=
ew draft with the editors, but a few of them are more than editorial, so I&=
#8217;m posting them for wider discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Operators have been trying to brea=
k silos for decades. It is okay to specialize the SDN architecture into a u=
nique transport view, but we ought not create separate concepts,
 interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong justifications to depar=
t from other domains. We should make best efforts to integrate transport SD=
N views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. We do not want to re-cre=
ate silos in the SDN world.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think you are talk=
ing about SDN from a green field perspective. T-SDN could mean different th=
ings to different set of people including different SDOs. It seems
 to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basis of discussion her=
e. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture document produced m=
id this year. On the other hand, there are different views of what T-SDN me=
ans in other parts of the world.
 Therefore I think it would be a bit over bearing to demand other views to =
be subjected to one view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Having said that, it is of course =
always the operator&#8217;s option to deploy SDN in separate technology sil=
os according to its own practices. The architecture is general,
 but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. Operators wan=
t to build on top of what they have deployed while pursuing new green field=
. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable legacy control/management
 domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SDN (openflow) control.=
 <o:p>
</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">An example of specialization is th=
e proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarchy or recursion appears to be rest=
ricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally, stacking is valid
 in any layer, and even the layer classification is to some extent pragmati=
c for each given instance. In the transport network, suppose we have a PNC,=
 some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a yet lower layer o=
f SDN. In such a case, the same
 controller would act as a PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC towa=
rd others. (Necessarily VNC because I&#8217;m told offline that only a VNC =
can span admin domains.) These distinctions do not seem like a useful ratho=
le to enter. The controllers at different
 levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; better ju=
st to call them all SDN controllers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think there was a =
misunderstanding. In your particular example, if a PNC is in charge of some=
 networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be another hierarchy
 below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and indeed that PNC=
 might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath its control domai=
n. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its network control. Thi=
s does not simply need not be known
 to what is above the PNC. Each PNC represents a control of some network co=
mprising an end to end network. It can be a single domain control or contro=
l multi domain. SDN controller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. Ther=
e may be other controllers such
 as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control. <o:p></o:p=
></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The framework suggests that the PC=
E lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a single well-defined PNC layer, this=
 denies the more abstract layers the ability to compute
 paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are constrained by=
 the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing what those constr=
aints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported across a business =
boundary to a customer whose VN
 may be complex enough to justify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to=
 be available at multiple levels of virtualization: let it be available to =
anyone who needs it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Actually there is al=
ways PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. Perhaps, there needs more cl=
arification in the document. We used PCE means to what PCE does
 in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have resource manage=
r (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks), likewise CNC wh=
ere customers want to compute their paths within the confines of VNs alloca=
ted to them.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Arguably the major issue with the =
draft is that it does not recognize the importance of the manager actor in =
the provider-customer relationship. The SDN architecture
 explains that the provider&#8217;s manager is necessarily responsible for =
creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for installing =
policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to both prote=
ct the customer from other customers (privacy
 and QoS) and to protect the provider&#8217;s own resources from customer m=
isbehaviour, whether intentional or otherwise. In particular, the draft ref=
ers to the customer app creating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted =
to create its own VN except perhaps as
 a mere subnet of the &#8220;real&#8221; VN created under the auspices of a=
 business negotiation by the provider&#8217;s manager. (And yes, the SDN ar=
chitecture also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example=
 if the customer invokes a service provisioning portal
 with credentials that permit billing.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good point. This is =
one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on more. Your contribution is wel=
come for this.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Completeness, common concepts, int=
erfaces and terminology could all be facilitated by starting with the umbre=
lla SDN architecture available at
<a href=3D"https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-reso=
urces/technical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf">
https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/techn=
ical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf</a>, and then specializing it.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good reference, I ha=
ve to say, which the latest version included as one of the references.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dave<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C40548dfweml706chm_--


From nobody Fri Oct 24 13:42:21 2014
Return-Path: <dave.hood@ericsson.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 770C71A9116 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 13:42:19 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.6
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.6 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW=-0.7, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id 7V0mUDVUKxhH for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 13:42:08 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from usevmg21.ericsson.net (usevmg21.ericsson.net [198.24.6.65]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 31F131A0231 for <actn@ietf.org>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 13:42:08 -0700 (PDT)
X-AuditID: c6180641-f79916d00000623a-63-544a5f73301f
Received: from EUSAAHC006.ericsson.se (Unknown_Domain [147.117.188.90]) by usevmg21.ericsson.net (Symantec Mail Security) with SMTP id 3B.66.25146.37F5A445; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 16:17:23 +0200 (CEST)
Received: from EUSAAMB105.ericsson.se ([147.117.188.122]) by EUSAAHC006.ericsson.se ([147.117.188.90]) with mapi id 14.03.0174.001; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 16:42:05 -0400
From: Dave Hood <dave.hood@ericsson.com>
To: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>, Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
Thread-Index: Ac/tbea1DOR7hvbLT6q34yEim3G4lQA8lxLgAByrSPAAMwBfkAABRejgAAEXbaAABl6awAAAtgLgAAFz3nA=
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 20:42:05 +0000
Message-ID: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53EF87@eusaamb105.ericsson.se>
References: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F538AEA@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3FD8B@dfweml706-chm> <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53C349@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C403EF@dfweml706-chm> <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53E408@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C404C6@dfweml706-chm> <efcedc5b2b86498ca626f22b32a52092@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C40548@dfweml706-chm>
In-Reply-To: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C40548@dfweml706-chm>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [147.117.188.10]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53EF87eusaamb105erics_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Brightmail-Tracker: H4sIAAAAAAAAA+NgFvrOLMWRmVeSWpSXmKPExsUyuXRPlG5xvFeIQXujqcWWngtsFqd62hkt ps1zdWD2OLvgD6tHy5G3rB5LlvxkCmCO4rJJSc3JLEst0rdL4Mq49O0mY8HGc8wV7z+LNjCu n8DcxcjBISFgIrGgRaGLkRPIFJO4cG89WxcjF4eQwFFGiZt9fxkhnOWMEr17bzKBVLEJaEg8 uTQZzBYRyJNY8XA1C4gtLGAtsW3PcWaIuI3E33WfoGqSJB7cPskKYrMIqEos2/MdrIZXwFfi zYLlTBALmlkkVq2YwwiS4BRwldh0tB/MZgQ66fupNWCDmAXEJW49mc8EcaqAxJI955khbFGJ l4//sULYShKTlp5jhajPl3j3bj3UMkGJkzOfsExgFJmFZNQsJGWzkJRBxHUkFuz+xAZha0ss W/iaGcY+c+AxE7L4Akb2VYwcpcWpZbnpRoabGIExdUyCzXEH44JPlocYBTgYlXh4FZw8Q4RY E8uKK3MPMUpzsCiJ82pWzwsWEkhPLEnNTk0tSC2KLyrNSS0+xMjEwSnVwFiw9sBZsbP35Evf MNo1SFawGrt1WV5pOaORqdIx+UlvkP++h5O3p/iuklW7sbrx20HHHUdN9SoWfJuQtTZsocXB JzNKcx32TXZ8s8ek+KUe65nZiskrS69nyMepTTq8+PqMSLWoNMbTr/4HXwnYZ1X6e1ayVS63 qcr/GTn3fp57fTPPdptByQ4lluKMREMt5qLiRAC9sTv+igIAAA==
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/PJxQjrULaZ8U0YQgLQ4Q6Nt8Pdo
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 20:42:19 -0000

--_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53EF87eusaamb105erics_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Well, yes, we can multiply the granularity of the designations as much as w=
e care to; the question is whether it is productive.

In a previous exchange, I pointed out that domain is not well-defined; I be=
lieve you use the term in the sense of network ownership/control. In that s=
ense, I agree that the final lowest controller before the iron needs to be =
in the same admin domain as the iron itself. But the SDN architecture just =
regards same-domain as a special case of multi-domain.

Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 1:16 PM
To: Igor Bryskin; Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Igor,

I would say we need to associate the role of the controller. I can see from=
 your example multi-domain coordination (let say the function is called 'md=
') can take place either VNC or PNC, or both.


-          If we were to place the 'md' funtion at VNC (which is a typical =
case in the framework), we need to say it as VNC-md;

-          if we were to place this at PNC (in your example), we need to sa=
y the PNC has two roles: for the direct controlled network control, it is P=
NC; for child VNs' control, it is VNC-md.

I think as Dave suggested, once we attach the role of the controller with i=
ts name, then things begin to shed more light.

Regards,
Young

From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 2:54 PM
To: Leeyoung; Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Young,
Consider the following use case: a provider of abstract topology (PNC as yo=
u call) does it the following way:

a)     For a part of said topology (a subset of abstract nodes and links) i=
t provides underlay directly, that is, talks to the actual network control =
(NMS, Control Plane, PCE, etc.)

b)     For another part it uses abstract topologies presented by its own ch=
ild domain providers

In this case, when a segment of service is provisioned over the domain owne=
d by said PNC, it will have to perform both the PNC function and the VNC mu=
lti-domain coordination for the child domains. Note that such situation can=
 recur at each level of the transport SDN hierarchy.
This is just another indication as to why there is no difference between VN=
V and PNC.

Cheers,
Igor

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Leeyoung
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 3:08 PM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks. I think we are getting there.

Please see inline for my comment. This is my personal view and other folks =
(especially the co-authors of the framework draft) may address their views.

Thanks,
Young

From: Dave Hood [mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 11:18 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Thanks, Young. Try the following proposal to see if it aligns our perspecti=
ves:

For either hierarchy or recursion, as used here, we need each successive la=
yer to be fundamentally of the same type as the one above/below it, likewis=
e for the interfaces. That's why the SDN architecture calls all of them SDN=
 controllers, and all of the interfaces CPIs (controller plane interfaces).

I think we can align our views by introducing roles. The SDN architecture i=
magines that we take the perspective of some given SDN controller, from whi=
ch we see a (virtual) data plane to our south and a (virtual) applications =
plane to our north.

YOUNG>> I agree with you on this in principle, but with a caveat that when =
we associate roles/functions with the type of controller, there are differe=
nces we begin to observe. I think devil are in the details. As I elaborated=
 before and also in the later point, there are two main functions that need=
 to be performed by VNC: (i) virtualizer; (ii) multi-domain coordination/or=
chestration. For (i), we can agree that the hierarchy of controllers (CNC, =
VNC, PNC) all share this in different degrees. For (ii), if we were to assu=
me this would happen in VNC, then this particular role has to be defined wh=
ich is different than virtualizer function. If we can agree on this, that i=
s great.

>From the discussion on this thread, I think the ACTN framework steps outsid=
e one particular SDN controller, and instead stands on the boundary between=
 a pair of adjacent SDN controllers, one of which plays the role PNC, the o=
ther of which plays the role VNC. If we think of it as a boundary or an int=
erface view, we have reduced visibility, maybe no visibility, of what happe=
ns further down or further up. We already omit discussion of applications n=
orth of the VNC; would it make sense to minimize the discussion of physical=
 functions further south of the PNC?

YOUNG>> Yes, we are only considering an interface view between VNC and PNC.=
 We concerns not what PNC does for its domain technology control. I can env=
ision the following needs to be supported in this interface so that the VNC=
 would perform the following (Interface C in the current framework).

i.                 Creating an end-to-end virtual network topology based on=
 the feed of each domain controllers input south of the VNC (i.e., PNCs).

ii.                It computes an end-to-end path (virtual path)

iii.              It signals to each domain controller (PNCs) and there mig=
ht be some signaling interaction (e.g., likes of crankbacks to reroute due =
to network condition changes associated with domain networks)


After all, if we really insist that the PNC talk to iron, we necessarily ca=
re about boxes and circuit packs, redundant cooling shelves and power feeds=
, hardware failure and repair, software upgrade.... If these are out of sco=
pe for ACTN, and I believe they are, then we shouldn't really care whether =
there is iron down there or a virtual network.

YOUNG>> I agree.  What "PNC" does underneath (interface D) is out of the sc=
ope of ACTN, this includes GMPLS/PCE, PNNI, OF, Qx, Netconf, SNMP, etc, or =
anything else.  Only thing in scope is the interface between PNC and VNC (a=
nd interface CNC and VNC, which I still think a difference interface from P=
NC-VNC interface although sharing some "virtualizer" functionality) and the=
 protocols on those interfaces, which is TDB by the solution works down the=
 road. Is this what you are saying, then we are in agreement on this point.

What do you think?
Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 8:58 AM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks for your further comments. I found this thread very helpful to clari=
fy different perspectives and some misunderstanding.

The three-tier control hierarchy discussed in the ACTN framework is "zoomin=
g" on the relationships across three entities (CNC, VNC, PNC). This does no=
t necessarily limit that is above and below these entities. There may be ot=
her hierarchy especially under PNCs. From this, I see neither contradiction=
 with nor reinventing the wheel of the notion of  "recursive" relationships=
 among the controllers, which is one of the main points in your SDN archite=
cture document. We used the term "hierarchy" (instead of "recursion") notin=
g that there is a certain recursive nature in modeling abstraction while sp=
ecifying some functional differences among the three-tier controllers.

Your SDN architecture specifies a PCE function in each control layer, which=
 is also very consistent with ACTN framework. We might need further termino=
logy alignment to avoid misunderstanding.

In regards to controller name, as Daniele suggested we are open to rename t=
hem if necessary. Igor has some idea as well on this. CNC, VNC and PNC are =
tied with some control functions. We can continue to work on this. Perhaps =
for IETF 91, we would stay with these terms and later if the work is warran=
ted, we can revisit this issue.

Please see inline for my responses.

Thanks,
Young



From: Dave Hood [mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 23, 2014 10:14 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Thanks, Young. A couple of responses:

The suggested SDN architecture that was developed in ONF includes the possi=
bility that layers at either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN =
environments. An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environmen=
t, supporting SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment i=
s certainly necessary, no question about it.

YOUNG>> Yes, this is important. In ACTN, we regard NMS/EMS as the domain co=
ntrol/management entity and with an added function to support "interface C"=
, NMS/EMS can be empowered to participate in virtualization regime. 80% of =
transport networks are controlled/managed by NMS/EMS today and enabling the=
m with network virtualization layer/function is one of the key requirements=
 from operators.

As to the ONF SDN architecture suggestion, be clear that there is no questi=
on of demanding that anyone accept any particular input. The point was to c=
all attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, t=
o the purpose of adding new value to the discussion.

YOUNG>> Thanks for this clarification. I think ACTN can complement ONF SDN =
architecture. I think by now many issues we discussed (e.g., hierarchy vs. =
recursiveness; pce function in each control layer, etc) are more or less al=
igned rather than being contradictory or re-inventing.

Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks for providing your perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.

Best regards,
Young

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dave Hood
Sent: Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

I shared several comments on the new draft with the editors, but a few of t=
hem are more than editorial, so I'm posting them for wider discussion.

Operators have been trying to break silos for decades. It is okay to specia=
lize the SDN architecture into a unique transport view, but we ought not cr=
eate separate concepts, interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong =
justifications to depart from other domains. We should make best efforts to=
 integrate transport SDN views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. W=
e do not want to re-create silos in the SDN world.

YOUNG>> I think you are talking about SDN from a green field perspective. T=
-SDN could mean different things to different set of people including diffe=
rent SDOs. It seems to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basi=
s of discussion here. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture =
document produced mid this year. On the other hand, there are different vie=
ws of what T-SDN means in other parts of the world. Therefore I think it wo=
uld be a bit over bearing to demand other views to be subjected to one view=
.

Having said that, it is of course always the operator's option to deploy SD=
N in separate technology silos according to its own practices. The architec=
ture is general, but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.

YOUNG>> Agree. Operators want to build on top of what they have deployed wh=
ile pursuing new green field. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable lega=
cy control/management domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SD=
N (openflow) control.

An example of specialization is the proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarc=
hy or recursion appears to be restricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally,=
 stacking is valid in any layer, and even the layer classification is to so=
me extent pragmatic for each given instance. In the transport network, supp=
ose we have a PNC, some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a=
 yet lower layer of SDN. In such a case, the same controller would act as a=
 PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC toward others. (Necessarily VN=
C because I'm told offline that only a VNC can span admin domains.) These d=
istinctions do not seem like a useful rathole to enter. The controllers at =
different levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; =
better just to call them all SDN controllers.

YOUNG>> I think there was a misunderstanding. In your particular example, i=
f a PNC is in charge of some networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be a=
nother hierarchy below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and=
 indeed that PNC might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath i=
ts control domain. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its netw=
ork control. This does not simply need not be known to what is above the PN=
C. Each PNC represents a control of some network comprising an end to end n=
etwork. It can be a single domain control or control multi domain. SDN cont=
roller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. There may be other controlle=
rs such as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control.

The framework suggests that the PCE lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a s=
ingle well-defined PNC layer, this denies the more abstract layers the abil=
ity to compute paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are =
constrained by the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing wha=
t those constraints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported acro=
ss a business boundary to a customer whose VN may be complex enough to just=
ify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to be available at multiple leve=
ls of virtualization: let it be available to anyone who needs it.

YOUNG>> Actually there is always PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. =
Perhaps, there needs more clarification in the document. We used PCE means =
to what PCE does in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have=
 resource manager (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks),=
 likewise CNC where customers want to compute their paths within the confin=
es of VNs allocated to them.


Arguably the major issue with the draft is that it does not recognize the i=
mportance of the manager actor in the provider-customer relationship. The S=
DN architecture explains that the provider's manager is necessarily respons=
ible for creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for in=
stalling policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to b=
oth protect the customer from other customers (privacy and QoS) and to prot=
ect the provider's own resources from customer misbehaviour, whether intent=
ional or otherwise. In particular, the draft refers to the customer app cre=
ating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted to create its own VN except=
 perhaps as a mere subnet of the "real" VN created under the auspices of a =
business negotiation by the provider's manager. (And yes, the SDN architect=
ure also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example if the=
 customer invokes a service provisioning portal with credentials that permi=
t billing.)

YOUNG>> Good point. This is one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on mo=
re. Your contribution is welcome for this.

Completeness, common concepts, interfaces and terminology could all be faci=
litated by starting with the umbrella SDN architecture available at https:/=
/www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/technical-re=
ports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf, and then specializing it.

YOUNG>> Good reference, I have to say, which the latest version included as=
 one of the references.

Dave

--_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53EF87eusaamb105erics_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"=
>
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 14 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Cambria;
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Bookman Old Style";
	panose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
	{mso-style-priority:34;
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:0in;
	margin-left:.5in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle20
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle21
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle22
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle23
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle26
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle27
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle28
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
	{mso-list-id:1214540217;
	mso-list-type:hybrid;
	mso-list-template-ids:1130770886 -1504256472 67698691 67698693 67698689 67=
698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;}
@list l0:level1
	{mso-level-start-at:0;
	mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:-;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
	mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
@list l0:level2
	{mso-level-tab-stop:1.0in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level3
	{mso-level-tab-stop:1.5in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level4
	{mso-level-tab-stop:2.0in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level5
	{mso-level-tab-stop:2.5in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level6
	{mso-level-tab-stop:3.0in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level7
	{mso-level-tab-stop:3.5in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level8
	{mso-level-tab-stop:4.0in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level9
	{mso-level-tab-stop:4.5in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
ol
	{margin-bottom:0in;}
ul
	{margin-bottom:0in;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Well, yes, we can mu=
ltiply the granularity of the designations as much as we care to; the quest=
ion is whether it is productive.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">In a previous exchan=
ge, I pointed out that domain is not well-defined; I believe you use the te=
rm in the sense of network ownership/control. In that sense,
 I agree that the final lowest controller before the iron needs to be in th=
e same admin domain as the iron itself. But the SDN architecture just regar=
ds same-domain as a special case of multi-domain.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 1:16 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Igor Bryskin; Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Igor,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">I would say we need to=
 associate the role of the controller. I can see from your example multi-do=
main coordination (let say the function is called &#8216;md&#8217;) can tak=
e place either VNC or PNC, or both.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level=
1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><span style=3D"m=
so-list:Ignore">-<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">If we were to =
place the &#8216;md&#8217; funtion at VNC (which is a typical case in the f=
ramework), we need to say it as VNC-md;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level=
1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><span style=3D"m=
so-list:Ignore">-<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">if we were to =
place this at PNC (in your example), we need to say the PNC has two roles: =
for the direct controlled network control, it is PNC; for child VNs&#8217; =
control, it is VNC-md. &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">I think as Dave sugges=
ted, once we attach the role of the controller with its name, then things b=
egin to shed more light.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bry=
skin [<a href=3D"mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com">mailto:IBryskin@advaoptic=
al.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 2:54 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; Dave Hood; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.=
org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Yo=
ung,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Consi=
der the following use case: a provider of abstract topology (PNC as you cal=
l) does it the following way:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">a)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">For a part of said to=
pology (a subset of abstract nodes and links) it provides underlay directly=
, that is, talks to the actual network control (NMS, Control Plane, PCE, et=
c.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">b)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">For another part it u=
ses abstract topologies presented by its own child domain providers<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">In th=
is case, when a segment of service is provisioned over the domain owned by =
said PNC, it will have to perform both the PNC function and the VNC multi-d=
omain coordination for the child domains.
 Note that such situation can recur at each level of the transport SDN hier=
archy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">This =
is just another indication as to why there is no difference between VNV and=
 PNC.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [<a href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ie=
tf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Leeyoung<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 3:08 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o=
:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks. I think we are=
 getting there.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Please see inline for =
my comment. This is my personal view and other folks (especially the co-aut=
hors of the framework draft) may address their views.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Dave Hoo=
d [<a href=3D"mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com">mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com<=
/a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 11:18 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks, Young. Try t=
he following proposal to see if it aligns our perspectives:<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">For either hierarchy=
 or recursion, as used here, we need each successive layer to be fundamenta=
lly of the same type as the one above/below it, likewise
 for the interfaces. That&#8217;s why the SDN architecture calls all of the=
m SDN controllers, and all of the interfaces CPIs (controller plane interfa=
ces).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">I think we can align=
 our views by introducing roles. The SDN architecture imagines that we take=
 the perspective of some given SDN controller, from which
 we see a (virtual) data plane to our south and a (virtual) applications pl=
ane to our north.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I agree with you on this in princ=
iple, but with a caveat that when we associate roles/functions with the typ=
e of controller, there are differences we begin to observe. I
 think devil are in the details. As I elaborated before and also in the lat=
er point, there are two main functions that need to be performed by VNC: (i=
) virtualizer; (ii) multi-domain coordination/orchestration. For (i), we ca=
n agree that the hierarchy of controllers
 (CNC, VNC, PNC) all share this in different degrees. For (ii), if we were =
to assume this would happen in VNC, then this particular role has to be def=
ined which is different than virtualizer function. If we can agree on this,=
 that is great.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">From the discussion =
on this thread, I think the ACTN framework steps outside one particular SDN=
 controller, and instead stands on the boundary between
 a pair of adjacent SDN controllers, one of which plays the role PNC, the o=
ther of which plays the role VNC. If we think of it as a boundary or an int=
erface view, we have reduced visibility, maybe no visibility, of what happe=
ns further down or further up. We
 already omit discussion of applications north of the VNC; would it make se=
nse to minimize the discussion of physical functions further south of the P=
NC?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes, we are only considering an i=
nterface view between VNC and PNC. We concerns not what PNC does for its do=
main technology control. I can envision the following needs to
 be supported in this interface so that the VNC would perform the following=
 (Interface C in the current framework).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.5in"=
><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F=
497D">i.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New R=
oman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;col=
or:#1F497D">Creating an end-to-end virtual network topology based on the fe=
ed of each domain controllers input south of the VNC (i.e., PNCs).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.5in"=
><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F=
497D">ii.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New =
Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;col=
or:#1F497D">It computes an end-to-end path (virtual path)
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.5in"=
><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F=
497D">iii.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New=
 Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;col=
or:#1F497D">It signals to each domain controller (PNCs) and there might be =
some signaling interaction (e.g., likes of crankbacks to reroute due to net=
work condition changes associated with domain networks)<o:p></o:p></span></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">After all, if we rea=
lly insist that the PNC talk to iron, we necessarily care about boxes and c=
ircuit packs, redundant cooling shelves and power feeds,
 hardware failure and repair, software upgrade&#8230;. If these are out of =
scope for ACTN, and I believe they are, then we shouldn&#8217;t really care=
 whether there is iron down there or a virtual network.<o:p></o:p></span></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I agree. &nbsp;What &#8220;PNC&#8=
221; does underneath (interface D) is out of the scope of ACTN, this includ=
es GMPLS/PCE, PNNI, OF, Qx, Netconf, SNMP, etc, or anything else. &nbsp;Onl=
y thing in
 scope is the interface between PNC and VNC (and interface CNC and VNC, whi=
ch I still think a difference interface from PNC-VNC interface although sha=
ring some &#8220;virtualizer&#8221; functionality) and the protocols on tho=
se interfaces, which is TDB by the solution
 works down the road. Is this what you are saying, then we are in agreement=
 on this point.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">What do you think?<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 8:58 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your furthe=
r comments. I found this thread very helpful to clarify different perspecti=
ves and some misunderstanding.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">The three-tier control=
 hierarchy discussed in the ACTN framework is &#8220;zooming&#8221; on the =
relationships across three entities (CNC, VNC, PNC). This does not necessar=
ily limit that is above and below these entities.
 There may be other hierarchy especially under PNCs. From this, I see neith=
er contradiction with nor reinventing the wheel of the notion of &nbsp;&#82=
20;recursive&#8221; relationships among the controllers, which is one of th=
e main points in your SDN architecture document.
 We used the term &#8220;hierarchy&#8221; (instead of &#8220;recursion&#822=
1;) noting that there is a certain recursive nature in modeling abstraction=
 while specifying some functional differences among the three-tier controll=
ers. &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Your SDN architecture =
specifies a PCE function in each control layer, which is also very consiste=
nt with ACTN framework. We might need further terminology alignment to avoi=
d misunderstanding.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">In regards to controll=
er name, as Daniele suggested we are open to rename them if necessary. Igor=
 has some idea as well on this. CNC, VNC and PNC are tied with some control=
 functions. We can continue to work
 on this. Perhaps for IETF 91, we would stay with these terms and later if =
the work is warranted, we can revisit this issue.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Please see inline for =
my responses.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young <o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Dave Hoo=
d [<a href=3D"mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com">mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com<=
/a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 23, 2014 10:14 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks, Young. A cou=
ple of responses:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">The suggested SDN ar=
chitecture that was developed in ONF includes the possibility that layers a=
t either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN environments.
 An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environment, supporting=
 SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment is certainly n=
ecessary, no question about it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes, t=
his is important. In ACTN, we regard NMS/EMS as the domain control/manageme=
nt entity and with an added function to support &#8220;interface C&#8221;,
 NMS/EMS can be empowered to participate in virtualization regime. 80% of t=
ransport networks are controlled/managed by NMS/EMS today and enabling them=
 with network virtualization layer/function is one of the key requirements =
from operators. &nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">As to the ONF SDN ar=
chitecture suggestion, be clear that there is no question of demanding that=
 anyone accept any particular input. The point was to call
 attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, to t=
he purpose of adding new value to the discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Thanks=
 for this clarification. I think ACTN can complement ONF SDN architecture. =
I think by now many issues we discussed (e.g., hierarchy vs. recursiveness;
 pce function in each control layer, etc) are more or less aligned rather t=
han being contradictory or re-inventing.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for providing y=
our perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Best regards,<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> ACTN [<a=
 href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Dave Hood<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">I shared several comments on the n=
ew draft with the editors, but a few of them are more than editorial, so I&=
#8217;m posting them for wider discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Operators have been trying to brea=
k silos for decades. It is okay to specialize the SDN architecture into a u=
nique transport view, but we ought not create separate concepts,
 interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong justifications to depar=
t from other domains. We should make best efforts to integrate transport SD=
N views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. We do not want to re-cre=
ate silos in the SDN world.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think you are talk=
ing about SDN from a green field perspective. T-SDN could mean different th=
ings to different set of people including different SDOs. It seems
 to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basis of discussion her=
e. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture document produced m=
id this year. On the other hand, there are different views of what T-SDN me=
ans in other parts of the world.
 Therefore I think it would be a bit over bearing to demand other views to =
be subjected to one view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Having said that, it is of course =
always the operator&#8217;s option to deploy SDN in separate technology sil=
os according to its own practices. The architecture is general,
 but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. Operators wan=
t to build on top of what they have deployed while pursuing new green field=
. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable legacy control/management
 domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SDN (openflow) control.=
 <o:p>
</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">An example of specialization is th=
e proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarchy or recursion appears to be rest=
ricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally, stacking is valid
 in any layer, and even the layer classification is to some extent pragmati=
c for each given instance. In the transport network, suppose we have a PNC,=
 some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a yet lower layer o=
f SDN. In such a case, the same
 controller would act as a PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC towa=
rd others. (Necessarily VNC because I&#8217;m told offline that only a VNC =
can span admin domains.) These distinctions do not seem like a useful ratho=
le to enter. The controllers at different
 levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; better ju=
st to call them all SDN controllers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think there was a =
misunderstanding. In your particular example, if a PNC is in charge of some=
 networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be another hierarchy
 below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and indeed that PNC=
 might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath its control domai=
n. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its network control. Thi=
s does not simply need not be known
 to what is above the PNC. Each PNC represents a control of some network co=
mprising an end to end network. It can be a single domain control or contro=
l multi domain. SDN controller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. Ther=
e may be other controllers such
 as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control. <o:p></o:p=
></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The framework suggests that the PC=
E lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a single well-defined PNC layer, this=
 denies the more abstract layers the ability to compute
 paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are constrained by=
 the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing what those constr=
aints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported across a business =
boundary to a customer whose VN
 may be complex enough to justify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to=
 be available at multiple levels of virtualization: let it be available to =
anyone who needs it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Actually there is al=
ways PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. Perhaps, there needs more cl=
arification in the document. We used PCE means to what PCE does
 in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have resource manage=
r (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks), likewise CNC wh=
ere customers want to compute their paths within the confines of VNs alloca=
ted to them.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Arguably the major issue with the =
draft is that it does not recognize the importance of the manager actor in =
the provider-customer relationship. The SDN architecture
 explains that the provider&#8217;s manager is necessarily responsible for =
creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for installing =
policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to both prote=
ct the customer from other customers (privacy
 and QoS) and to protect the provider&#8217;s own resources from customer m=
isbehaviour, whether intentional or otherwise. In particular, the draft ref=
ers to the customer app creating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted =
to create its own VN except perhaps as
 a mere subnet of the &#8220;real&#8221; VN created under the auspices of a=
 business negotiation by the provider&#8217;s manager. (And yes, the SDN ar=
chitecture also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example=
 if the customer invokes a service provisioning portal
 with credentials that permit billing.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good point. This is =
one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on more. Your contribution is wel=
come for this.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Completeness, common concepts, int=
erfaces and terminology could all be facilitated by starting with the umbre=
lla SDN architecture available at
<a href=3D"https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-reso=
urces/technical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf">
https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/techn=
ical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf</a>, and then specializing it.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good reference, I ha=
ve to say, which the latest version included as one of the references.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dave<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53EF87eusaamb105erics_--


From nobody Fri Oct 24 13:55:24 2014
Return-Path: <leeyoung@huawei.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6728F1A0231 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 13:55:19 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -4.208
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.208 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HK_RANDOM_ENVFROM=0.001, HK_RANDOM_FROM=0.001, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, SPF_PASS=-0.001, T_RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.01] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id TlJlmjS3_wcq for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 13:55:07 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from lhrrgout.huawei.com (lhrrgout.huawei.com [194.213.3.17]) (using TLSv1 with cipher RC4-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id D77F31A19EC for <actn@ietf.org>; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 13:55:06 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from 172.18.7.190 (EHLO lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com) ([172.18.7.190]) by lhrrg02-dlp.huawei.com (MOS 4.3.7-GA FastPath queued) with ESMTP id BKX33261; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 20:55:05 +0000 (GMT)
Received: from DFWEML705-CHM.china.huawei.com (10.193.5.142) by lhreml404-hub.china.huawei.com (10.201.5.218) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.158.1; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 21:55:04 +0100
Received: from DFWEML706-CHM.china.huawei.com ([10.193.5.225]) by dfweml705-chm ([10.193.5.142]) with mapi id 14.03.0158.001; Fri, 24 Oct 2014 13:54:57 -0700
From: Leeyoung <leeyoung@huawei.com>
To: Dave Hood <dave.hood@ericsson.com>, Igor Bryskin <IBryskin@advaoptical.com>, "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
Thread-Index: Ac/tbea1DOR7hvbLT6q34yEim3G4lQA8lxLgAByrSPAAMwBfkAABRejgAAEXbaAABl6awAAAtgLgAAFz3nAAADhMAA==
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 20:54:56 +0000
Message-ID: <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C40626@dfweml706-chm>
References: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F538AEA@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C3FD8B@dfweml706-chm> <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53C349@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C403EF@dfweml706-chm> <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53E408@eusaamb105.ericsson.se> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C404C6@dfweml706-chm> <efcedc5b2b86498ca626f22b32a52092@ATL-SRV-MBX1.advaoptical.com> <7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C40548@dfweml706-chm> <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53EF87@eusaamb105.ericsson.se>
In-Reply-To: <8D15A2BAF93E9C49AB037A0647E5FA643F53EF87@eusaamb105.ericsson.se>
Accept-Language: en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [10.47.135.123]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C40626dfweml706chm_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-CFilter-Loop: Reflected
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/VsfjGB_bx9zAwJ0BJSIw9Oc--jA
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 20:55:19 -0000

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C40626dfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi Dave,

Thanks for your time to iron out many items in this thread.  Well, I think =
we have reached an agreement. We can always start with a base model to prod=
uce something useful quickly, then think about variations later.

It looks  like terms need to be defined more clearly like domain, physical =
control, virtual control, multi-domain coordination, etc.

Thanks,
Young

From: Dave Hood [mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 3:42 PM
To: Leeyoung; Igor Bryskin; actn@ietf.org
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Well, yes, we can multiply the granularity of the designations as much as w=
e care to; the question is whether it is productive.

In a previous exchange, I pointed out that domain is not well-defined; I be=
lieve you use the term in the sense of network ownership/control. In that s=
ense, I agree that the final lowest controller before the iron needs to be =
in the same admin domain as the iron itself. But the SDN architecture just =
regards same-domain as a special case of multi-domain.

Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 1:16 PM
To: Igor Bryskin; Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Igor,

I would say we need to associate the role of the controller. I can see from=
 your example multi-domain coordination (let say the function is called 'md=
') can take place either VNC or PNC, or both.


-          If we were to place the 'md' funtion at VNC (which is a typical =
case in the framework), we need to say it as VNC-md;

-          if we were to place this at PNC (in your example), we need to sa=
y the PNC has two roles: for the direct controlled network control, it is P=
NC; for child VNs' control, it is VNC-md.

I think as Dave suggested, once we attach the role of the controller with i=
ts name, then things begin to shed more light.

Regards,
Young

From: Igor Bryskin [mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 2:54 PM
To: Leeyoung; Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Young,
Consider the following use case: a provider of abstract topology (PNC as yo=
u call) does it the following way:

a)     For a part of said topology (a subset of abstract nodes and links) i=
t provides underlay directly, that is, talks to the actual network control =
(NMS, Control Plane, PCE, etc.)

b)     For another part it uses abstract topologies presented by its own ch=
ild domain providers

In this case, when a segment of service is provisioned over the domain owne=
d by said PNC, it will have to perform both the PNC function and the VNC mu=
lti-domain coordination for the child domains. Note that such situation can=
 recur at each level of the transport SDN hierarchy.
This is just another indication as to why there is no difference between VN=
V and PNC.

Cheers,
Igor

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Leeyoung
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 3:08 PM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks. I think we are getting there.

Please see inline for my comment. This is my personal view and other folks =
(especially the co-authors of the framework draft) may address their views.

Thanks,
Young

From: Dave Hood [mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 11:18 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Thanks, Young. Try the following proposal to see if it aligns our perspecti=
ves:

For either hierarchy or recursion, as used here, we need each successive la=
yer to be fundamentally of the same type as the one above/below it, likewis=
e for the interfaces. That's why the SDN architecture calls all of them SDN=
 controllers, and all of the interfaces CPIs (controller plane interfaces).

I think we can align our views by introducing roles. The SDN architecture i=
magines that we take the perspective of some given SDN controller, from whi=
ch we see a (virtual) data plane to our south and a (virtual) applications =
plane to our north.

YOUNG>> I agree with you on this in principle, but with a caveat that when =
we associate roles/functions with the type of controller, there are differe=
nces we begin to observe. I think devil are in the details. As I elaborated=
 before and also in the later point, there are two main functions that need=
 to be performed by VNC: (i) virtualizer; (ii) multi-domain coordination/or=
chestration. For (i), we can agree that the hierarchy of controllers (CNC, =
VNC, PNC) all share this in different degrees. For (ii), if we were to assu=
me this would happen in VNC, then this particular role has to be defined wh=
ich is different than virtualizer function. If we can agree on this, that i=
s great.

>From the discussion on this thread, I think the ACTN framework steps outsid=
e one particular SDN controller, and instead stands on the boundary between=
 a pair of adjacent SDN controllers, one of which plays the role PNC, the o=
ther of which plays the role VNC. If we think of it as a boundary or an int=
erface view, we have reduced visibility, maybe no visibility, of what happe=
ns further down or further up. We already omit discussion of applications n=
orth of the VNC; would it make sense to minimize the discussion of physical=
 functions further south of the PNC?

YOUNG>> Yes, we are only considering an interface view between VNC and PNC.=
 We concerns not what PNC does for its domain technology control. I can env=
ision the following needs to be supported in this interface so that the VNC=
 would perform the following (Interface C in the current framework).

i.                 Creating an end-to-end virtual network topology based on=
 the feed of each domain controllers input south of the VNC (i.e., PNCs).

ii.                It computes an end-to-end path (virtual path)

iii.              It signals to each domain controller (PNCs) and there mig=
ht be some signaling interaction (e.g., likes of crankbacks to reroute due =
to network condition changes associated with domain networks)


After all, if we really insist that the PNC talk to iron, we necessarily ca=
re about boxes and circuit packs, redundant cooling shelves and power feeds=
, hardware failure and repair, software upgrade.... If these are out of sco=
pe for ACTN, and I believe they are, then we shouldn't really care whether =
there is iron down there or a virtual network.

YOUNG>> I agree.  What "PNC" does underneath (interface D) is out of the sc=
ope of ACTN, this includes GMPLS/PCE, PNNI, OF, Qx, Netconf, SNMP, etc, or =
anything else.  Only thing in scope is the interface between PNC and VNC (a=
nd interface CNC and VNC, which I still think a difference interface from P=
NC-VNC interface although sharing some "virtualizer" functionality) and the=
 protocols on those interfaces, which is TDB by the solution works down the=
 road. Is this what you are saying, then we are in agreement on this point.

What do you think?
Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Friday, October 24, 2014 8:58 AM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks for your further comments. I found this thread very helpful to clari=
fy different perspectives and some misunderstanding.

The three-tier control hierarchy discussed in the ACTN framework is "zoomin=
g" on the relationships across three entities (CNC, VNC, PNC). This does no=
t necessarily limit that is above and below these entities. There may be ot=
her hierarchy especially under PNCs. From this, I see neither contradiction=
 with nor reinventing the wheel of the notion of  "recursive" relationships=
 among the controllers, which is one of the main points in your SDN archite=
cture document. We used the term "hierarchy" (instead of "recursion") notin=
g that there is a certain recursive nature in modeling abstraction while sp=
ecifying some functional differences among the three-tier controllers.

Your SDN architecture specifies a PCE function in each control layer, which=
 is also very consistent with ACTN framework. We might need further termino=
logy alignment to avoid misunderstanding.

In regards to controller name, as Daniele suggested we are open to rename t=
hem if necessary. Igor has some idea as well on this. CNC, VNC and PNC are =
tied with some control functions. We can continue to work on this. Perhaps =
for IETF 91, we would stay with these terms and later if the work is warran=
ted, we can revisit this issue.

Please see inline for my responses.

Thanks,
Young



From: Dave Hood [mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 23, 2014 10:14 AM
To: Leeyoung; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Thanks, Young. A couple of responses:

The suggested SDN architecture that was developed in ONF includes the possi=
bility that layers at either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN =
environments. An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environmen=
t, supporting SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment i=
s certainly necessary, no question about it.

YOUNG>> Yes, this is important. In ACTN, we regard NMS/EMS as the domain co=
ntrol/management entity and with an added function to support "interface C"=
, NMS/EMS can be empowered to participate in virtualization regime. 80% of =
transport networks are controlled/managed by NMS/EMS today and enabling the=
m with network virtualization layer/function is one of the key requirements=
 from operators.

As to the ONF SDN architecture suggestion, be clear that there is no questi=
on of demanding that anyone accept any particular input. The point was to c=
all attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, t=
o the purpose of adding new value to the discussion.

YOUNG>> Thanks for this clarification. I think ACTN can complement ONF SDN =
architecture. I think by now many issues we discussed (e.g., hierarchy vs. =
recursiveness; pce function in each control layer, etc) are more or less al=
igned rather than being contradictory or re-inventing.

Dave

From: Leeyoung [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM
To: Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

Hi Dave,

Thanks for providing your perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.

Best regards,
Young

From: ACTN [mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dave Hood
Sent: Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM
To: actn@ietf.org<mailto:actn@ietf.org>
Subject: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04

I shared several comments on the new draft with the editors, but a few of t=
hem are more than editorial, so I'm posting them for wider discussion.

Operators have been trying to break silos for decades. It is okay to specia=
lize the SDN architecture into a unique transport view, but we ought not cr=
eate separate concepts, interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong =
justifications to depart from other domains. We should make best efforts to=
 integrate transport SDN views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. W=
e do not want to re-create silos in the SDN world.

YOUNG>> I think you are talking about SDN from a green field perspective. T=
-SDN could mean different things to different set of people including diffe=
rent SDOs. It seems to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basi=
s of discussion here. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture =
document produced mid this year. On the other hand, there are different vie=
ws of what T-SDN means in other parts of the world. Therefore I think it wo=
uld be a bit over bearing to demand other views to be subjected to one view=
.

Having said that, it is of course always the operator's option to deploy SD=
N in separate technology silos according to its own practices. The architec=
ture is general, but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.

YOUNG>> Agree. Operators want to build on top of what they have deployed wh=
ile pursuing new green field. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable lega=
cy control/management domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SD=
N (openflow) control.

An example of specialization is the proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarc=
hy or recursion appears to be restricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally,=
 stacking is valid in any layer, and even the layer classification is to so=
me extent pragmatic for each given instance. In the transport network, supp=
ose we have a PNC, some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a=
 yet lower layer of SDN. In such a case, the same controller would act as a=
 PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC toward others. (Necessarily VN=
C because I'm told offline that only a VNC can span admin domains.) These d=
istinctions do not seem like a useful rathole to enter. The controllers at =
different levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; =
better just to call them all SDN controllers.

YOUNG>> I think there was a misunderstanding. In your particular example, i=
f a PNC is in charge of some networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be a=
nother hierarchy below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and=
 indeed that PNC might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath i=
ts control domain. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its netw=
ork control. This does not simply need not be known to what is above the PN=
C. Each PNC represents a control of some network comprising an end to end n=
etwork. It can be a single domain control or control multi domain. SDN cont=
roller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. There may be other controlle=
rs such as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control.

The framework suggests that the PCE lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a s=
ingle well-defined PNC layer, this denies the more abstract layers the abil=
ity to compute paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are =
constrained by the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing wha=
t those constraints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported acro=
ss a business boundary to a customer whose VN may be complex enough to just=
ify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to be available at multiple leve=
ls of virtualization: let it be available to anyone who needs it.

YOUNG>> Actually there is always PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. =
Perhaps, there needs more clarification in the document. We used PCE means =
to what PCE does in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have=
 resource manager (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks),=
 likewise CNC where customers want to compute their paths within the confin=
es of VNs allocated to them.


Arguably the major issue with the draft is that it does not recognize the i=
mportance of the manager actor in the provider-customer relationship. The S=
DN architecture explains that the provider's manager is necessarily respons=
ible for creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for in=
stalling policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to b=
oth protect the customer from other customers (privacy and QoS) and to prot=
ect the provider's own resources from customer misbehaviour, whether intent=
ional or otherwise. In particular, the draft refers to the customer app cre=
ating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted to create its own VN except=
 perhaps as a mere subnet of the "real" VN created under the auspices of a =
business negotiation by the provider's manager. (And yes, the SDN architect=
ure also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example if the=
 customer invokes a service provisioning portal with credentials that permi=
t billing.)

YOUNG>> Good point. This is one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on mo=
re. Your contribution is welcome for this.

Completeness, common concepts, interfaces and terminology could all be faci=
litated by starting with the umbrella SDN architecture available at https:/=
/www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/technical-re=
ports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf, and then specializing it.

YOUNG>> Good reference, I have to say, which the latest version included as=
 one of the references.

Dave

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C40626dfweml706chm_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"=
>
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Wingdings;
	panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Cambria Math";
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Cambria;
	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:Tahoma;
	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
	{font-family:"Bookman Old Style";
	panose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
	margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
	{mso-style-priority:34;
	margin-top:0in;
	margin-right:0in;
	margin-bottom:0in;
	margin-left:.5in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
span.BalloonTextChar
	{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle20
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle21
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle22
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle23
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle24
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle25
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle26
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle27
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle28
	{mso-style-type:personal;
	font-family:"Bookman Old Style","serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle29
	{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
	{mso-list-id:1214540217;
	mso-list-type:hybrid;
	mso-list-template-ids:1130770886 -1504256472 67698691 67698693 67698689 67=
698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;}
@list l0:level1
	{mso-level-start-at:0;
	mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:-;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
	mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
@list l0:level2
	{mso-level-tab-stop:1.0in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level3
	{mso-level-tab-stop:1.5in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level4
	{mso-level-tab-stop:2.0in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level5
	{mso-level-tab-stop:2.5in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level6
	{mso-level-tab-stop:3.0in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level7
	{mso-level-tab-stop:3.5in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level8
	{mso-level-tab-stop:4.0in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level9
	{mso-level-tab-stop:4.5in;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l1
	{mso-list-id:1624381282;
	mso-list-type:hybrid;
	mso-list-template-ids:-950913916 2078705370 67698691 67698693 67698689 676=
98691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;}
@list l1:level1
	{mso-level-start-at:0;
	mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:-;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-.25in;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
	mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
ol
	{margin-bottom:0in;}
ul
	{margin-bottom:0in;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your time t=
o iron out many items in this thread. &nbsp;Well, I think we have reached a=
n agreement. We can always start with a base model to produce something use=
ful quickly, then think about variations
 later. &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">It looks&nbsp; like te=
rms need to be defined more clearly like domain, physical control, virtual =
control, multi-domain coordination, etc.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Dave Hoo=
d [mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 3:42 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; Igor Bryskin; actn@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Well, yes, we can mu=
ltiply the granularity of the designations as much as we care to; the quest=
ion is whether it is productive.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">In a previous exchan=
ge, I pointed out that domain is not well-defined; I believe you use the te=
rm in the sense of network ownership/control. In that sense,
 I agree that the final lowest controller before the iron needs to be in th=
e same admin domain as the iron itself. But the SDN architecture just regar=
ds same-domain as a special case of multi-domain.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 1:16 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Igor Bryskin; Dave Hood; actn@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Igor,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">I would say we need to=
 associate the role of the controller. I can see from your example multi-do=
main coordination (let say the function is called &#8216;md&#8217;) can tak=
e place either VNC or PNC, or both.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level=
1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><span style=3D"m=
so-list:Ignore">-<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">If we were to =
place the &#8216;md&#8217; funtion at VNC (which is a typical case in the f=
ramework), we need to say it as VNC-md;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level=
1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><span style=3D"m=
so-list:Ignore">-<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">if we were to =
place this at PNC (in your example), we need to say the PNC has two roles: =
for the direct controlled network control, it is PNC; for child VNs&#8217; =
control, it is VNC-md. &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">I think as Dave sugges=
ted, once we attach the role of the controller with its name, then things b=
egin to shed more light.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Igor Bry=
skin [<a href=3D"mailto:IBryskin@advaoptical.com">mailto:IBryskin@advaoptic=
al.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 2:54 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; Dave Hood; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.=
org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Yo=
ung,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Consi=
der the following use case: a provider of abstract topology (PNC as you cal=
l) does it the following way:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">a)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">For a part of said to=
pology (a subset of abstract nodes and links) it provides underlay directly=
, that is, talks to the actual network control (NMS, Control Plane, PCE, et=
c.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-.25in"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">b)</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">For another part it u=
ses abstract topologies presented by its own child domain providers<o:p></o=
:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">In th=
is case, when a segment of service is provisioned over the domain owned by =
said PNC, it will have to perform both the PNC function and the VNC multi-d=
omain coordination for the child domains.
 Note that such situation can recur at each level of the transport SDN hier=
archy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">This =
is just another indication as to why there is no difference between VNV and=
 PNC.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cheer=
s,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Igor<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ACTN [<a href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ie=
tf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Leeyoung<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 3:08 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o=
:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks. I think we are=
 getting there.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Please see inline for =
my comment. This is my personal view and other folks (especially the co-aut=
hors of the framework draft) may address their views.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Dave Hoo=
d [<a href=3D"mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com">mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com<=
/a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 11:18 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks, Young. Try t=
he following proposal to see if it aligns our perspectives:<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">For either hierarchy=
 or recursion, as used here, we need each successive layer to be fundamenta=
lly of the same type as the one above/below it, likewise
 for the interfaces. That&#8217;s why the SDN architecture calls all of the=
m SDN controllers, and all of the interfaces CPIs (controller plane interfa=
ces).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">I think we can align=
 our views by introducing roles. The SDN architecture imagines that we take=
 the perspective of some given SDN controller, from which
 we see a (virtual) data plane to our south and a (virtual) applications pl=
ane to our north.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I agree with you on this in princ=
iple, but with a caveat that when we associate roles/functions with the typ=
e of controller, there are differences we begin to observe. I
 think devil are in the details. As I elaborated before and also in the lat=
er point, there are two main functions that need to be performed by VNC: (i=
) virtualizer; (ii) multi-domain coordination/orchestration. For (i), we ca=
n agree that the hierarchy of controllers
 (CNC, VNC, PNC) all share this in different degrees. For (ii), if we were =
to assume this would happen in VNC, then this particular role has to be def=
ined which is different than virtualizer function. If we can agree on this,=
 that is great.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">From the discussion =
on this thread, I think the ACTN framework steps outside one particular SDN=
 controller, and instead stands on the boundary between
 a pair of adjacent SDN controllers, one of which plays the role PNC, the o=
ther of which plays the role VNC. If we think of it as a boundary or an int=
erface view, we have reduced visibility, maybe no visibility, of what happe=
ns further down or further up. We
 already omit discussion of applications north of the VNC; would it make se=
nse to minimize the discussion of physical functions further south of the P=
NC?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes, we are only considering an i=
nterface view between VNC and PNC. We concerns not what PNC does for its do=
main technology control. I can envision the following needs to
 be supported in this interface so that the VNC would perform the following=
 (Interface C in the current framework).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.5in"=
><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F=
497D">i.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New R=
oman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;col=
or:#1F497D">Creating an end-to-end virtual network topology based on the fe=
ed of each domain controllers input south of the VNC (i.e., PNCs).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.5in"=
><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F=
497D">ii.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New =
Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;col=
or:#1F497D">It computes an end-to-end path (virtual path)
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.5in"=
><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F=
497D">iii.</span><span style=3D"font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New=
 Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;col=
or:#1F497D">It signals to each domain controller (PNCs) and there might be =
some signaling interaction (e.g., likes of crankbacks to reroute due to net=
work condition changes associated with domain networks)<o:p></o:p></span></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">After all, if we rea=
lly insist that the PNC talk to iron, we necessarily care about boxes and c=
ircuit packs, redundant cooling shelves and power feeds,
 hardware failure and repair, software upgrade&#8230;. If these are out of =
scope for ACTN, and I believe they are, then we shouldn&#8217;t really care=
 whether there is iron down there or a virtual network.<o:p></o:p></span></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I agree. &nbsp;What &#8220;PNC&#8=
221; does underneath (interface D) is out of the scope of ACTN, this includ=
es GMPLS/PCE, PNNI, OF, Qx, Netconf, SNMP, etc, or anything else. &nbsp;Onl=
y thing in
 scope is the interface between PNC and VNC (and interface CNC and VNC, whi=
ch I still think a difference interface from PNC-VNC interface although sha=
ring some &#8220;virtualizer&#8221; functionality) and the protocols on tho=
se interfaces, which is TDB by the solution
 works down the road. Is this what you are saying, then we are in agreement=
 on this point.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot=
;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">What do you think?<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 24, 2014 8:58 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for your furthe=
r comments. I found this thread very helpful to clarify different perspecti=
ves and some misunderstanding.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">The three-tier control=
 hierarchy discussed in the ACTN framework is &#8220;zooming&#8221; on the =
relationships across three entities (CNC, VNC, PNC). This does not necessar=
ily limit that is above and below these entities.
 There may be other hierarchy especially under PNCs. From this, I see neith=
er contradiction with nor reinventing the wheel of the notion of &nbsp;&#82=
20;recursive&#8221; relationships among the controllers, which is one of th=
e main points in your SDN architecture document.
 We used the term &#8220;hierarchy&#8221; (instead of &#8220;recursion&#822=
1;) noting that there is a certain recursive nature in modeling abstraction=
 while specifying some functional differences among the three-tier controll=
ers. &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Your SDN architecture =
specifies a PCE function in each control layer, which is also very consiste=
nt with ACTN framework. We might need further terminology alignment to avoi=
d misunderstanding.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">In regards to controll=
er name, as Daniele suggested we are open to rename them if necessary. Igor=
 has some idea as well on this. CNC, VNC and PNC are tied with some control=
 functions. We can continue to work
 on this. Perhaps for IETF 91, we would stay with these terms and later if =
the work is warranted, we can revisit this issue.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Please see inline for =
my responses.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young <o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Dave Hoo=
d [<a href=3D"mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com">mailto:dave.hood@ericsson.com<=
/a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 23, 2014 10:14 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leeyoung; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks, Young. A cou=
ple of responses:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">The suggested SDN ar=
chitecture that was developed in ONF includes the possibility that layers a=
t either the top or bottom of the stack can be non-SDN environments.
 An EMS or an NMS could equally support a classical environment, supporting=
 SDN interfaces on their north sides. Incremental deployment is certainly n=
ecessary, no question about it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Yes, t=
his is important. In ACTN, we regard NMS/EMS as the domain control/manageme=
nt entity and with an added function to support &#8220;interface C&#8221;,
 NMS/EMS can be empowered to participate in virtualization regime. 80% of t=
ransport networks are controlled/managed by NMS/EMS today and enabling them=
 with network virtualization layer/function is one of the key requirements =
from operators. &nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">As to the ONF SDN ar=
chitecture suggestion, be clear that there is no question of demanding that=
 anyone accept any particular input. The point was to call
 attention to existing work that can help avoid reinvention of wheels, to t=
he purpose of adding new value to the discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Thanks=
 for this clarification. I think ACTN can complement ONF SDN architecture. =
I think by now many issues we discussed (e.g., hierarchy vs. recursiveness;
 pce function in each control layer, etc) are more or less aligned rather t=
han being contradictory or re-inventing.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Dave
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Leeyoung=
 [<a href=3D"mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com">mailto:leeyoung@huawei.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 22, 2014 7:34 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Dave Hood; <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Hi Dave,<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Thanks for providing y=
our perspective. Please see in-line for my comment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Best regards,<o:p></o:=
p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D">Young<o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></spa=
n></p>
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> ACTN [<a=
 href=3D"mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:actn-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Dave Hood<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 21, 2014 5:44 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:actn@ietf.org">actn@ietf.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Actn] Comments on draft-ceccarelli-actn-framework-04<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">I shared several comments on the n=
ew draft with the editors, but a few of them are more than editorial, so I&=
#8217;m posting them for wider discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Operators have been trying to brea=
k silos for decades. It is okay to specialize the SDN architecture into a u=
nique transport view, but we ought not create separate concepts,
 interfaces, or terminology unless there are strong justifications to depar=
t from other domains. We should make best efforts to integrate transport SD=
N views seamlessly into the rest of the SDN space. We do not want to re-cre=
ate silos in the SDN world.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think you are talk=
ing about SDN from a green field perspective. T-SDN could mean different th=
ings to different set of people including different SDOs. It seems
 to me that you are prescribing ONF SDN view as the basis of discussion her=
e. I respect ONF view, especially your SDN architecture document produced m=
id this year. On the other hand, there are different views of what T-SDN me=
ans in other parts of the world.
 Therefore I think it would be a bit over bearing to demand other views to =
be subjected to one view.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Having said that, it is of course =
always the operator&#8217;s option to deploy SDN in separate technology sil=
os according to its own practices. The architecture is general,
 but can be specialized in any number of particular ways.<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Agree. Operators wan=
t to build on top of what they have deployed while pursuing new green field=
. One of the drivers for ACTN is to enable legacy control/management
 domains while allowing new domain control like ONF SDN (openflow) control.=
 <o:p>
</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">An example of specialization is th=
e proposed 3-tier model, in which hierarchy or recursion appears to be rest=
ricted to the VNC layer. Architecturally, stacking is valid
 in any layer, and even the layer classification is to some extent pragmati=
c for each given instance. In the transport network, suppose we have a PNC,=
 some of whose endpoints are tunneled ports provided by a yet lower layer o=
f SDN. In such a case, the same
 controller would act as a PNC toward some of its resources, and a VNC towa=
rd others. (Necessarily VNC because I&#8217;m told offline that only a VNC =
can span admin domains.) These distinctions do not seem like a useful ratho=
le to enter. The controllers at different
 levels differ in granularity and scope, but not in fundamentals; better ju=
st to call them all SDN controllers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; I think there was a =
misunderstanding. In your particular example, if a PNC is in charge of some=
 networks, say, it is GMPLS/PCE. There may be another hierarchy
 below that PNC. PNC may have several domains in itself and indeed that PNC=
 might function as a multi-domain coordination underneath its control domai=
n. So here we are not restricting what PNC does in its network control. Thi=
s does not simply need not be known
 to what is above the PNC. Each PNC represents a control of some network co=
mprising an end to end network. It can be a single domain control or contro=
l multi domain. SDN controller is one of the PNC in ACTN architecture. Ther=
e may be other controllers such
 as GMPLS/PCE, PNNI. ASON, etc. including NMS/EMS based control. <o:p></o:p=
></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The framework suggests that the PC=
E lives in the PNC. Even if we assume a single well-defined PNC layer, this=
 denies the more abstract layers the ability to compute
 paths in their virtual networks. Note that paths in VNs are constrained by=
 the VN definition, and the PNC PCE has no way of knowing what those constr=
aints are. This is especially true if the VN is exported across a business =
boundary to a customer whose VN
 may be complex enough to justify its own PCE. I believe PCE is intended to=
 be available at multiple levels of virtualization: let it be available to =
anyone who needs it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Actually there is al=
ways PCE function in each of CNC, VNC and PNC. Perhaps, there needs more cl=
arification in the document. We used PCE means to what PCE does
 in TE network control (as part of PNC), but in VNC we have resource manage=
r (which needs to compute paths based on virtual networks), likewise CNC wh=
ere customers want to compute their paths within the confines of VNs alloca=
ted to them.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Arguably the major issue with the =
draft is that it does not recognize the importance of the manager actor in =
the provider-customer relationship. The SDN architecture
 explains that the provider&#8217;s manager is necessarily responsible for =
creating a virtual network environment for the customer and for installing =
policy in its SDN controller (at whatever hierarchical level) to both prote=
ct the customer from other customers (privacy
 and QoS) and to protect the provider&#8217;s own resources from customer m=
isbehaviour, whether intentional or otherwise. In particular, the draft ref=
ers to the customer app creating VNs, whereas a customer cannot be trusted =
to create its own VN except perhaps as
 a mere subnet of the &#8220;real&#8221; VN created under the auspices of a=
 business negotiation by the provider&#8217;s manager. (And yes, the SDN ar=
chitecture also describes how all of this can be done flexibly, for example=
 if the customer invokes a service provisioning portal
 with credentials that permit billing.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good point. This is =
one of the areas where ACTN needs to work on more. Your contribution is wel=
come for this.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Completeness, common concepts, int=
erfaces and terminology could all be facilitated by starting with the umbre=
lla SDN architecture available at
<a href=3D"https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-reso=
urces/technical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf">
https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/techn=
ical-reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf</a>, and then specializing it.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">YOUNG&gt;&gt; Good reference, I ha=
ve to say, which the latest version included as one of the references.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Bo=
okman Old Style&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dave<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_7AEB3D6833318045B4AE71C2C87E8E1729C40626dfweml706chm_--


From nobody Mon Oct 27 16:13:48 2014
Return-Path: <luismiguel.contrerasmurillo@telefonica.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3C8261A6EE7 for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Mon, 27 Oct 2014 16:13:42 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -2.61
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.61 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW=-0.7, SPF_PASS=-0.001, T_RP_MATCHES_RCVD=-0.01] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id eSdd5FdO3HHl for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Mon, 27 Oct 2014 16:13:28 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from smtptc.telefonica.com (smtptc.telefonica.com [195.76.34.108]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id EDAF71A6F56 for <actn@ietf.org>; Mon, 27 Oct 2014 16:13:23 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from smtptc.telefonica.com (unknown [127.0.0.1]) by IMSVA (Postfix) with ESMTP id 399A3370456 for <actn@ietf.org>; Tue, 28 Oct 2014 00:13:21 +0100 (CET)
Received: from ESTGVMSP103.EUROPE.telefonica.corp (unknown [10.92.4.9]) (using TLSv1 with cipher AES128-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtptc.telefonica.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 23281370443 for <actn@ietf.org>; Tue, 28 Oct 2014 00:13:21 +0100 (CET)
Received: from emea01-am1-obe.outbound.protection.outlook.com (10.92.5.139) by tls.telefonica.com (10.92.6.50) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 14.3.195.1; Tue, 28 Oct 2014 00:13:20 +0100
Received: from DB4PR06MB361.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com (10.141.234.141) by DB4PR06MB540.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com (10.242.230.156) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.1.6.9; Mon, 27 Oct 2014 23:13:19 +0000
Received: from DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com (10.242.192.23) by DB4PR06MB361.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com (10.141.234.141) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.1.6.9; Mon, 27 Oct 2014 23:13:18 +0000
Received: from DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com ([10.242.192.23]) by DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com ([10.242.192.23]) with mapi id 15.01.0006.000; Mon, 27 Oct 2014 23:13:13 +0000
From: LUIS MIGUEL CONTRERAS MURILLO <luismiguel.contrerasmurillo@telefonica.com>
To: "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: New version submitted for draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains 
Thread-Index: Ac/yOu6ZubB+swrXRpiiD/WYq3MJAw==
Date: Mon, 27 Oct 2014 23:13:13 +0000
Message-ID: <76263a9d36ef4a57b7c8a7814bb37794@DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com>
Accept-Language: es-ES, en-US
Content-Language: es-ES
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-ms-exchange-transport-fromentityheader: Hosted
x-originating-ip: [79.146.141.50]
x-microsoft-antispam: BCL:0;PCL:0;RULEID:;SRVR:DB4PR06MB361;UriScan:;
x-forefront-prvs: 0377802854
x-forefront-antispam-report: SFV:NSPM; SFS:(10019020)(6009001)(189002)(199003)(19580395003)(92566001)(2501002)(19580405001)(110136001)(20776003)(19609705001)(230783001)(19625215002)(101416001)(4396001)(15975445006)(21056001)(80022003)(31966008)(97736003)(74316001)(19300405004)(86362001)(46102003)(64706001)(33646002)(50986999)(66066001)(2351001)(87936001)(107046002)(120916001)(15202345003)(54356999)(99396003)(16236675004)(105586002)(106356001)(95666004)(76482002)(76576001)(40100003)(2656002)(122556002)(85852003)(229853001)(85306004)(108616004)(24736002)(19627235001); DIR:OUT; SFP:1102; SCL:1; SRVR:DB4PR06MB361; H:DB4PR06MB576.eurprd06.prod.outlook.com; FPR:; MLV:sfv; PTR:InfoNoRecords; MX:1; A:1; LANG:en; 
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_76263a9d36ef4a57b7c8a7814bb37794DB4PR06MB576eurprd06pro_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Microsoft-Antispam: BCL:0;PCL:0;RULEID:;SRVR:DB4PR06MB540;
X-OriginatorOrg: telefonica.com
X-TM-AS-MML: No
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/oDAudCZaZ3KRZpvfLWq9mJHPo1c
Cc: VICTOR LOPEZ ALVAREZ <victor.lopezalvarez@telefonica.com>
Subject: [Actn] New version submitted for draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Mon, 27 Oct 2014 23:13:44 -0000

--_000_76263a9d36ef4a57b7c8a7814bb37794DB4PR06MB576eurprd06pro_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Dear all,

We have just submitted a new version of draft-lopez-actn-vno-multidomains-0=
1. We continue completing the picture by adding some statements with regard=
 responsibilities for optimization, policy enforcement and accounting for e=
ither the VNO coordinator and the Domain Control entities.

Any comments are welcome

Luis & Victor

__________________________________
Luis M. Contreras

Technology and Planning
Transport, IP and Interconnection Networks
Telef=F3nica I+D / Global CTO unit / Telef=F3nica

Distrito Telef=F3nica, Edificio Sur 3, Planta 3
28050 Madrid
Espa=F1a / Spain

F: +34 91 482 2785
luismiguel.contrerasmurillo@telefonica.com


________________________________

Este mensaje y sus adjuntos se dirigen exclusivamente a su destinatario, pu=
ede contener informaci=F3n privilegiada o confidencial y es para uso exclus=
ivo de la persona o entidad de destino. Si no es usted. el destinatario ind=
icado, queda notificado de que la lectura, utilizaci=F3n, divulgaci=F3n y/o=
 copia sin autorizaci=F3n puede estar prohibida en virtud de la legislaci=
=F3n vigente. Si ha recibido este mensaje por error, le rogamos que nos lo =
comunique inmediatamente por esta misma v=EDa y proceda a su destrucci=F3n.

The information contained in this transmission is privileged and confidenti=
al information intended only for the use of the individual or entity named =
above. If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient, you are=
 hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copying of this co=
mmunication is strictly prohibited. If you have received this transmission =
in error, do not read it. Please immediately reply to the sender that you h=
ave received this communication in error and then delete it.

Esta mensagem e seus anexos se dirigem exclusivamente ao seu destinat=E1rio=
, pode conter informa=E7=E3o privilegiada ou confidencial e =E9 para uso ex=
clusivo da pessoa ou entidade de destino. Se n=E3o =E9 vossa senhoria o des=
tinat=E1rio indicado, fica notificado de que a leitura, utiliza=E7=E3o, div=
ulga=E7=E3o e/ou c=F3pia sem autoriza=E7=E3o pode estar proibida em virtude=
 da legisla=E7=E3o vigente. Se recebeu esta mensagem por erro, rogamos-lhe =
que nos o comunique imediatamente por esta mesma via e proceda a sua destru=
i=E7=E3o

--_000_76263a9d36ef4a57b7c8a7814bb37794DB4PR06MB576eurprd06pro_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-=
1">
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 14 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
span.EstiloCorreo17
	{mso-style-type:personal-compose;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
@page WordSection1
	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
	margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Dear all,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">We have just submitted a new version of draft-lopez-=
actn-vno-multidomains-01. We continue completing the picture by adding some=
 statements with regard responsibilities for optimization, policy enforceme=
nt and accounting for either the VNO
 coordinator and the Domain Control entities.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Any comments are welcome<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Luis &amp; Victor<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">__________________________________<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Luis M. Contreras<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:4.0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Technology and Planning<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Transport, IP and Interconnection Networks<o:p></o:p=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Telef=F3nica I&#43;D / Global CTO unit / Telef=F3nic=
a<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:4.0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"ES">Distrito Telef=F3nica, Edificio Su=
r 3, Planta 3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"ES">28050 Madrid<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"ES">Espa=F1a / Spain<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"ES" style=3D"font-size:4.0pt"><o:p>&nb=
sp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"ES">F: &#43;34 91 482 2785</span><span=
 lang=3D"ES" style=3D"font-size:4.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"ES">luismiguel.contrerasmurillo@telefo=
nica.com<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"ES"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
</div>
<br>
<hr>
<font face=3D"Arial" color=3D"Gray" size=3D"1"><br>
Este mensaje y sus adjuntos se dirigen exclusivamente a su destinatario, pu=
ede contener informaci=F3n privilegiada o confidencial y es para uso exclus=
ivo de la persona o entidad de destino. Si no es usted. el destinatario ind=
icado, queda notificado de que la
 lectura, utilizaci=F3n, divulgaci=F3n y/o copia sin autorizaci=F3n puede e=
star prohibida en virtud de la legislaci=F3n vigente. Si ha recibido este m=
ensaje por error, le rogamos que nos lo comunique inmediatamente por esta m=
isma v=EDa y proceda a su destrucci=F3n.<br>
<br>
The information contained in this transmission is privileged and confidenti=
al information intended only for the use of the individual or entity named =
above. If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient, you are=
 hereby notified that any dissemination,
 distribution or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited. If y=
ou have received this transmission in error, do not read it. Please immedia=
tely reply to the sender that you have received this communication in error=
 and then delete it.<br>
<br>
Esta mensagem e seus anexos se dirigem exclusivamente ao seu destinat=E1rio=
, pode conter informa=E7=E3o privilegiada ou confidencial e =E9 para uso ex=
clusivo da pessoa ou entidade de destino. Se n=E3o =E9 vossa senhoria o des=
tinat=E1rio indicado, fica notificado de que a
 leitura, utiliza=E7=E3o, divulga=E7=E3o e/ou c=F3pia sem autoriza=E7=E3o p=
ode estar proibida em virtude da legisla=E7=E3o vigente. Se recebeu esta me=
nsagem por erro, rogamos-lhe que nos o comunique imediatamente por esta mes=
ma via e proceda a sua destrui=E7=E3o<br>
</font>
</body>
</html>

--_000_76263a9d36ef4a57b7c8a7814bb37794DB4PR06MB576eurprd06pro_--


From nobody Tue Oct 28 10:23:07 2014
Return-Path: <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>
X-Original-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Delivered-To: actn@ietfa.amsl.com
Received: from localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 86FE21A90CC for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 28 Oct 2014 10:23:02 -0700 (PDT)
X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at amsl.com
X-Spam-Flag: NO
X-Spam-Score: -4.2
X-Spam-Level: 
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-4.2 tagged_above=-999 required=5 tests=[BAYES_00=-1.9, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_MED=-2.3, SPF_PASS=-0.001] autolearn=ham
Received: from mail.ietf.org ([4.31.198.44]) by localhost (ietfa.amsl.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id XJ6kISp8KhPO for <actn@ietfa.amsl.com>; Tue, 28 Oct 2014 10:22:59 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from sesbmg23.ericsson.net (sesbmg23.ericsson.net [193.180.251.37]) (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by ietfa.amsl.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id B51FA1A9078 for <actn@ietf.org>; Tue, 28 Oct 2014 10:22:58 -0700 (PDT)
X-AuditID: c1b4fb25-f791c6d00000617b-23-544fd0f033fc
Received: from ESESSHC020.ericsson.se (Unknown_Domain [153.88.253.124]) by sesbmg23.ericsson.net (Symantec Mail Security) with SMTP id 98.20.24955.0F0DF445; Tue, 28 Oct 2014 18:22:56 +0100 (CET)
Received: from ESESSMB301.ericsson.se ([169.254.1.4]) by ESESSHC020.ericsson.se ([153.88.183.78]) with mapi id 14.03.0174.001; Tue, 28 Oct 2014 18:22:56 +0100
From: Daniele Ceccarelli <daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com>
To: "actn@ietf.org" <actn@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: ACTN BoF agenda
Thread-Index: Ac/y0s9mFoJ9wGOHRkqgH0iaM3HPfQ==
Date: Tue, 28 Oct 2014 17:22:55 +0000
Message-ID: <4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE48127BF620@ESESSMB301.ericsson.se>
Accept-Language: it-IT, en-US
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach: 
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 
x-originating-ip: [153.88.183.146]
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE48127BF620ESESSMB301erics_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Brightmail-Tracker: H4sIAAAAAAAAA+NgFvrMLMWRmVeSWpSXmKPExsUyM+Jvje6HC/4hBt+n61ls6bnAZvFiXbBF 99fV7A7MHi1H3rJ6LFnyk8nj1IH0AOYoLpuU1JzMstQifbsEroxfZ1YzFkwSq/h3dB9LA+ML 4S5GTg4JAROJY5uesUPYYhIX7q1n62Lk4hASOMIo8fnfNmYIZxGjRG/DUtYuRg4ONgEriSeH fEAaRASUJRYf/sMGEmYWyJaYNlEDJCwsICFx8XsnI0SJrMT/ozcZQUpEBPQk9lwSBQmzCKhK dF3ezwZi8wr4Sqyb9x/MZgQqn7B7EVgrs4C4xK0n85kgThOQWLLnPDOELSrx8vE/VghbSeLH hkssEPX5Eq8PdDNBzBSUODnzCcsERuFZSEbNQlI2C0kZRFxHYsHuT2wQtrbEsoWvmWHsMwce MyGLL2BkX8UoWpxanJSbbmSsl1qUmVxcnJ+nl5dasokRGEsHt/xW3cF4+Y3jIUYBDkYlHt4N bP4hQqyJZcWVuYcYpTlYlMR5F56bFywkkJ5YkpqdmlqQWhRfVJqTWnyIkYmDU6qBMakn9bNJ u9P21heXZyd1OvyZuPyo7TTWT8Z2t9Tt5sz4q+O1YsfCixxxG1tKww8yVp2U5piWc3WSs8Rr zcnfbzXEpRsxHP5wW1KMO8I1IKPY7U0jy8Gayt2tnV+z5jZcn//rEQ+ryLxtqyZHzHN4GLJv Z3dde2LVN6tgl4uNnGeWNJ781GwUpcRSnJFoqMVcVJwIAEhgg0aGAgAA
Archived-At: http://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/actn/J4sEXlLlJSAm-3d55YY2P6rz0FQ
Cc: "King, Daniel \(d.king@lancaster.ac.uk\)" <d.king@lancaster.ac.uk>, "ylee@huawei.com" <ylee@huawei.com>
Subject: [Actn] ACTN BoF agenda
X-BeenThere: actn@ietf.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15
Precedence: list
List-Id: "Abstraction and Control of Transport Networks \(ACTN\)" <actn.ietf.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/options/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/actn/>
List-Post: <mailto:actn@ietf.org>
List-Help: <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/actn>, <mailto:actn-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 28 Oct 2014 17:23:02 -0000

--_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE48127BF620ESESSMB301erics_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi all,

the ACTN BoF agenda is now available, please have a look at the following l=
ink: http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/91/agenda/agenda-91-actn

Comments are welcome

Daniele, Young, Dan



--_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE48127BF620ESESSMB301erics_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-micr=
osoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" =
xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"=
>
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 14 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
	{font-family:Calibri;
	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
span.EmailStyle17
	{mso-style-type:personal-compose;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
	color:windowtext;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
@page WordSection1
	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
	margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi all,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">the ACTN BoF agenda is now available, please have a =
look at the following link:
<a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/91/agenda/agenda-91-actn">http:/=
/www.ietf.org/proceedings/91/agenda/agenda-91-actn</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Comments are welcome<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Daniele, Young, Dan<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_4A1562797D64E44993C5CBF38CF1BE48127BF620ESESSMB301erics_--

