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Subject: Re: [Architecture-discuss] Re: Sources of architectural change
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Jumping in mid-thread:

Tony Li wrote:
> The creation of this mailing list is certainly one possible step.  It  
> can be viewed as being open to actually discussing change.   
> Alternately, it can be viewed as simply a rat hole to absorb  dissent.  
> It's not clear which it is, and only the actions of the IAB  over time 
> will tell.

I certainly hope the mailing list will be constructive in
discussion (possibilities of) change.  But I think that has a lot
more to do with its charter and the participation on it than,
necessarily, the IAB's actions.

There are IAB members on this list, to participate.  But,

[Harald wrote:]
> But those who expect *fundamental* change to be *started* within *any*
> established organization understand neither organizations nor human nature.

Consistent with Harald's point, I'll say that the IAB is not going to
hand down stone tablets -- and not just because of Kobe (an incident
some of us are too new to the IETF to have witnessed firsthand).

The IAB is (here and in all its efforts, IMO) trying to gather data
from the community and reflect it back, to help us all make more
architecturally sound choices.  That is *not* a question of
"architecture by popular vote"; rather it is a process of synthesis
and argumentation as part of the community.

Can that provide enough guidance and backstop against flagrant
local optimization in design choices?  Don't know -- but it's the
best we've got so far.

Leslie.




> 
> We all have one common and overriding goal: the continued and ongoing  
> growth of the Internet.  Growth requires change and, as you note,  
> organizations tend to resist change.  Thus, if the IETF is not  careful, 
> it is well positioned to inhibit the growth of the Internet  and thus 
> become self-defeating.  As stewards of the IETF, we must  continue be 
> watchful of this trap and encourage innovation, even when  it opposes 
> the status quo and political forces within the  organization.  That is 
> our responsibility to one another and to each  and every Internet user, 
> past, present and future.
> 
> Respectfully yours,
> Tony
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Architecture-discuss mailing list
> Architecture-discuss@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/architecture-discuss
> 

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From: Tony Li <tony.li@tony.li>
Subject: Re: [Architecture-discuss] Re: Sources of architectural change
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> The IAB is (here and in all its efforts, IMO) trying to gather data
> from the community and reflect it back, to help us all make more
> architecturally sound choices.  That is *not* a question of
> "architecture by popular vote"; rather it is a process of synthesis
> and argumentation as part of the community.


Leslie,

Well, let me ask the very pragmatic question then: what would it take  
to get
draft-ietf-ipngwg-gseaddr-00 reconsidered?

Tony


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Tony,

I'm not going to answer your specific question, as it's
not mine to answer.

But, to address the more general issue based on the bits
of my message you quoted -- the IAB is trying to gather
data and reflect it back in this case.  So far, as
someone who *wasn't* involved in the original set of design
discussions, I have to say it seems like there is a fair
bit of community unease about the outcome, but I couldn't
begin to form my own technical conclusion on the question.

Useful things that the IAB might do/help cause to happen (hey,
there are plenty of bright minds in this community who don't
happen to be on the IAB at this instant):

	. document more clearly why the  general 8+8/GSE
	  approach may appear to be interesting but is not
	  actually a better answer to the issues that are
	  now facing the Internet

	  - OR -

	. document what has been lost in the discussion along
	  the way (as circumstances changed?), with a view
	  to leading the community to rethink a revisit.

And a very unuseful thing, to be avoided:

	. simply stirring up an old discussion and undermining
	  valid current work.

Particularly those of us who weren't involved in the original
discussion have to tread somewhat carefully to avoid the latter
situation.


Leslie.

Tony Li wrote:
>> The IAB is (here and in all its efforts, IMO) trying to gather data
>> from the community and reflect it back, to help us all make more
>> architecturally sound choices.  That is *not* a question of
>> "architecture by popular vote"; rather it is a process of synthesis
>> and argumentation as part of the community.
> 
> 
> 
> Leslie,
> 
> Well, let me ask the very pragmatic question then: what would it take  
> to get
> draft-ietf-ipngwg-gseaddr-00 reconsidered?
> 
> Tony
> 

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From: Tony Li <tony.li@tony.li>
Subject: Re: [Architecture-discuss] Re: Sources of architectural change
Date: Tue, 1 Nov 2005 22:55:00 -0800
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> I'm not going to answer your specific question, as it's
> not mine to answer.


Whose is it then?  I confess that I'm very unclear on the process
in this situation.


> Useful things that the IAB might do/help cause to happen (hey,
> there are plenty of bright minds in this community who don't
> happen to be on the IAB at this instant):
>
>     . document more clearly why the  general 8+8/GSE
>       approach may appear to be interesting but is not
>       actually a better answer to the issues that are
>       now facing the Internet
>
>       - OR -
>
>     . document what has been lost in the discussion along
>       the way (as circumstances changed?), with a view
>       to leading the community to rethink a revisit.


I would welcome the IAB's input on either of the above.

My recollection was that the original proposal was met with a
counter-draft that was unpublished, somewhat questionable, and
was used to justify terminating all discussion of the alternatives.

While I understand the caution necessary in re-opening past work,
there is a significant segment of the community that felt quite
railroaded when this first occurred.  In the intervening time, the
architecture has not evolved good alternatives to fulfill the vision
of GSE, and so it looks to some like the process left useful
technology on the floor for no good reason.

If nothing else, the execution of the process created a silent schism
in the community that remains unhealed.

Tony


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Since this is ancient history for most of us, some rehashing may be in 
order, at least about what the history was....

--On tirsdag, november 01, 2005 22:55:00 -0800 Tony Li <tony.li@tony.li> 
wrote:

> My recollection was that the original proposal was met with a
> counter-draft that was unpublished, somewhat questionable, and
> was used to justify terminating all discussion of the alternatives.

One of my regrets is that at the time this discussion occured, I thought 
that I was too inexperienced in the area to contribute, so I did not do 
anything to contribute....

The GSE proposal was first written up in draft-odell-8+8, published October 
1996 (and the only draft ever published with a plus sign in the filename, I 
believe) and later in draft-ietf-ipngwg-gseaddr, dated February 1997.
The first isn't even available from bgp.potaroo.net; the second is.

The IPNG WG seemed to achieve "rough consensus" that GSE was not a viable 
approach; the arguments against GSE were summarized in the draft 
draft-ietf-ipngwg-esd-analysis.

At some later time, this draft was proposed for publication.

This was in the Bad Days Before Tracker, so I'm operating strictly from 
memory, both with dates and conclusions... my memory says that the IESG 
questioned the justification for some of the claims in the draft regarding 
the percieved security weaknesses of GSE and sent it back to the WG; it 
never returned.

Version -05 of that draft has a date of October 1999; version -00 had a 
date of March 1997, and was written as *accepting* ESD, so while the end 
result was probably a termination of discussion, the process did take 2.5 
years to get that far.

WRT what it would take to bring it back: At the current stage of IPv6, it 
seems to me that it would take someone working through how to allow one 
subnet in a classical IPv6 network to use 8+8 while the rest of the world 
didn't..... apparently nobody's seriously suggested that in Multi6.... I 
don't know if it's workable.....

                    Harald








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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   The IPNG WG seemed to achieve "rough consensus" that GSE was not a viable 

=> this was done at the interim meeting at Palo Alto February 1997.

   approach; the arguments against GSE were summarized in the draft 
   draft-ietf-ipngwg-esd-analysis.
   
   At some later time, this draft was proposed for publication.
   
=> the last time I asked why it was not published the answer was
some authors were not convinced the draft was really about the
Mike O'Dell's proposal (BTW this is a serious reason to drop it).

Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

PS: IMHO the proposal (the real one or the one described in the ESD
analysis) had a serious security problem as most two-space systems
before HIP...

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--On onsdag, november 02, 2005 11:55:39 +0100 Francis Dupont 
<Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr> wrote:

> PS: IMHO the proposal (the real one or the one described in the ESD
> analysis) had a serious security problem as most two-space systems
> before HIP...

you've seen my occasional rant that placing the source address in the IP 
packet was an architectural mistake, among other things because it led 
people to place trust in something inherently untrustworthy....?



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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   > PS: IMHO the proposal (the real one or the one described in the ESD
   > analysis) had a serious security problem as most two-space systems
   > before HIP...
   
   you've seen my occasional rant that placing the source address in the IP 
   packet was an architectural mistake, among other things because it led 
   people to place trust in something inherently untrustworthy....?
   
=> two-space systems try to solve this issue by splitting the address
into a locator and an identifier. Unfortunately it makes the binding
between the locator and the identifier a new point to attack. This is
why some two-space proposals were rejected in the past even one can
think they were better. I am afraid this is what happened with 8+8.

Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

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Subject: [Architecture-discuss] Re: 8+8 history (Re: Sources of
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> WRT what it would take to bring it back: At the current stage of  
> IPv6, it seems to me that it would take someone working through how  
> to allow one subnet in a classical IPv6 network to use 8+8 while  
> the rest of the world didn't..... apparently nobody's seriously  
> suggested that in Multi6.... I don't know if it's workable.....


Harald,

What ends up going in the TCP pseudo-header?

Ok, you could have an e2e option that negotiates GSE, but that's just  
gross beyond belief.  There are
also huge implications for address allocation...

Sigh.  The only problem with making architectural changes is that  
they change the architecture.  ;-)

Tony



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At 03:31 02-11-2005, Harald Tveit Alvestrand wrote:
>Since this is ancient history for most of us, some rehashing may be in 
>order, at least about what the history was....

Not only is it ancient history, many/most of us lurkers have no idea what 
draft-ietf-ipngwg-gseaddr proposed or is about and have no idea what the 
rest of you are talking about.  And as all the tombstones say, it wasn't an 
archival document.

If rehashing that decision is important to this discussion list, would 
someone please post a technical summary of that proposal or a pointer to one?

If rehashing that decision isn't relevant or constructive, maybe we can 
proceed on to something that is?

Ed Gardner


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From: marcelo bagnulo braun <marcelo@it.uc3m.es>
Subject: Re: [Architecture-discuss] 8+8 history (Re: Sources of architectural
	change)
Date: Wed, 2 Nov 2005 16:04:43 +0100
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El 02/11/2005, a las 11:31, Harald Tveit Alvestrand escribi=F3:
>
> WRT what it would take to bring it back: At the current stage of IPv6,=20=

> it seems to me that it would take someone working through how to allow=20=

> one subnet in a classical IPv6 network to use 8+8 while the rest of=20
> the world didn't..... apparently nobody's seriously suggested that in=20=

> Multi6.... I don't know if it's workable.....
>

GSE or something in those lines was the subject of many discussions in=20=

the multi6 wg.
even today, there are still some discussions about allowing site=20
routers to write the prefix part of the addresses on the fly.

Personally, i like the approach and the benefits that it provides, but=20=

personally, i don't know how to make it work from a security p.o.v.
As i see it, or you involve the hosts in the security mechanisms (i.e.=20=

e2e security of the available prefixes) which would break the initial=20
idea of having the hosts unaware of the prefix set available, or you=20
build the security in the exit routers, which has at least, a lot of=20
complexity, since a state related to a given communication is injected=20=

in a middlebox, which implies or single point of failure or a protocol=20=

for coordination of this state between the exit routers, and this has=20
additional complexity...

personally, i think that if a gse like approach was not followed in the=20=

multi6/shim approach was because security issues or in other words,=20
that the result of gse when you apply all the security mechanisms that=20=

are needed is not as attractive

regards, marcelo


>                    Harald
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
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Tony,
I perused the GSE proposition (I discovered under 
http://www.free.net/Docs/IETF/draft-ietf-ipngwg-gseaddr-00.txt ). (I 
take this occasion to repeat my plea: that it is netiquette to give 
the URL of the quoted documents, including Drafts).

It seems to be a way to allocate aggregated addresses (by non 
discussed Registries of two global spaces) in order to best take 
advantage from them. No objection, but it seems a 00 Draft. Would it 
not be more an ASO BCP and an usage architecture proposition?

I do not see reasons why IPv6 addresses could not be allocated that 
way in the ITU /3 block (however I prefer the concatenation of 
routing, addressing and interfacing global spaces)?

Anyway, I would qualify this of "accidental" (not essential) rather 
than of "architectural" since no one ever claimed that IP addresses 
should all follow the same model.
jfc

At 15:22 02/11/2005, Tony Li wrote:
>>WRT what it would take to bring it back: At the current stage of
>>IPv6, it seems to me that it would take someone working through how
>>to allow one subnet in a classical IPv6 network to use 8+8 while
>>the rest of the world didn't..... apparently nobody's seriously
>>suggested that in Multi6.... I don't know if it's workable.....
>
>
>Harald,
>
>What ends up going in the TCP pseudo-header?
>
>Ok, you could have an e2e option that negotiates GSE, but that's just
>gross beyond belief.  There are
>also huge implications for address allocation...
>
>Sigh.  The only problem with making architectural changes is that
>they change the architecture.  ;-)
>
>Tony
>
>
>
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Cc: architecture-discuss@ietf.org, Noel Chiappa <jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu>
Subject: [Architecture-discuss] Re: 8+8 history (Re: Sources of
	architectural change)
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--On onsdag, november 02, 2005 06:22:13 -0800 Tony Li <tony.li@tony.li> 
wrote:

>> WRT what it would take to bring it back: At the current stage of
>> IPv6, it seems to me that it would take someone working through how
>> to allow one subnet in a classical IPv6 network to use 8+8 while
>> the rest of the world didn't..... apparently nobody's seriously
>> suggested that in Multi6.... I don't know if it's workable.....
>
>
> Harald,
>
> What ends up going in the TCP pseudo-header?

That's the part where I think it may not be workable...otoh, this is 
exactly the same set of issues that Multi6 is facing (for some of its 
ideas).

I also believe that the extent of the TCP pseudo-header was one of those 
things that turned out to be a mistake in retrospect, when it seems to be 
too late to change....

> Ok, you could have an e2e option that negotiates GSE, but that's just
> gross beyond belief.  There are
> also huge implications for address allocation...
>
> Sigh.  The only problem with making architectural changes is that  they
> change the architecture.  ;-)

:-)


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Edward A. Gardner wrote:

> If rehashing that decision isn't relevant or constructive, maybe we 
> can proceed on to something that is?

Meta-comment: we went from discussion of architectural
issues (e.g. mobility and multihoming) to process questions
(how can IAB do architecture) and then to ancient history
(design decisions of IPv6). Lets go back to the issues... (but
I have nothing against people bringing up GSE as a
proposal to solve today's problems).

--Jari


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Subject: [Architecture-discuss] Re: 8+8 history (Re: Sources of
	architectural change)
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> I also believe that the extent of the TCP pseudo-header was one of  
> those things that turned out to be a mistake in retrospect, when it  
> seems to be too late to change....


Seems?  Or 'is'?

Tony


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Subject: Re: [Architecture-discuss] Re: 8+8 history (Re: Sources of
	architectural change)
Date: Wed, 2 Nov 2005 07:41:24 -0800
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> I perused the GSE proposition (I discovered under http:// 
> www.free.net/Docs/IETF/draft-ietf-ipngwg-gseaddr-00.txt ). (I take  
> this occasion to repeat my plea: that it is netiquette to give the  
> URL of the quoted documents, including Drafts).


Whoops, thanks.


> It seems to be a way to allocate aggregated addresses (by non  
> discussed Registries of two global spaces) in order to best take  
> advantage from them. No objection, but it seems a 00 Draft. Would  
> it not be more an ASO BCP and an usage architecture proposition?
>
> I do not see reasons why IPv6 addresses could not be allocated that  
> way in the ITU /3 block (however I prefer the concatenation of  
> routing, addressing and interfacing global spaces)?
>
> Anyway, I would qualify this of "accidental" (not essential) rather  
> than of "architectural" since no one ever claimed that IP addresses  
> should all follow the same model.


There is much more to it than that.  Basically, GSE was the last and  
best effort to create an architecture that separated
the address into both a 'locator'  (where is the host) and  
'identifier' (the ESD in the draft).  The TCP pseudo-header would
only be computed across the identifier and the locator would be free  
to change.

Security would not cover the locator and security associations would  
only be between ESDs.

The locator/identifier architecture simplifies the architecture  
because it allows both mobility and multi-homing to become
natural and pervasive.  For mobility, the host is now free to change  
its locator at will.  For multi-homing, the same end-host can
now be reachable via multiple locators.

Tony




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--On onsdag, november 02, 2005 07:32:01 -0800 Tony Li <tony.li@tony.li> 
wrote:

>> I also believe that the extent of the TCP pseudo-header was one of
>> those things that turned out to be a mistake in retrospect, when it
>> seems to be too late to change....
>
>
> Seems?  Or 'is'?

I'm fond of not making completely definite statements, but in this case, 
it's hard to imagine the change :-)

if we REALLY want to change it, it's probably simpler to do so by changing 
the protocol number for TCP..... TCPng, anyone?

(ducks)





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	multi-homing)
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--On torsdag, oktober 27, 2005 19:02:13 -0400 "Bound, Jim" 
<Jim.Bound@hp.com> wrote:

> Can guranteed QoS be achieved end-to-end and we have so many views on
> this and the current work and results from Diff and Int serve are not
> good enough by themselves, what is the answer?

Branching discussions is so much fun :-)

my opinion, which is not worth much:

Guarantee is an illusion. No matter how much you pay for "guaranteed 
bandwidth", I'm not going to issue guarantees against a dinosaur-killer 
asteroid landing on my NOC 10 years from now.

The question we SHOULD be asking is whether diffserv and/or intserv gives 
us the tools we need to do:

a) let the net-provider state to the customer what he can expect from the 
network (at an appropriate level of confidence)

b) let the customer state to the net-provider what he wants from the 
network (and the level of confidence he needs)

c) let the net-provider(s) keep track of what they have promised in the 
aggregate, and know whether or not he's able to deliver on his promises at 
any given time.

Note that a) and b) can occur in any order, including ababababab.... that's 
called "negotiation".... and I'm sure that some people will claim that the 
answer to c) is "MPLS", whereas others will say "if the answer is MPLS, you 
have misunderstood the question".....








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Tony Li wrote:

> There is much more to it than that.  Basically, GSE was the last and  
> best effort to create an architecture that separated
> the address into both a 'locator'  (where is the host) and  
> 'identifier' (the ESD in the draft). 

I think some modern architectures such as HIP appear
to do a more thorough job and consider the whole problem. (Or at
least a larger problem, I think HIP NAT support needs improvement.)

> Security would not cover the locator and security associations would  
> only be between ESDs.

There's a lot more to security than allowing IPsec SAs to work over
communications in such architectures. Marcelo pointed to some
issues in his mail; you'd probably want to avoid other people hijacking
your communications etc.

I wanted to see if GSE had dealt with these issues, but here's what
the security consideration section from the GSE draft says:

>17. Security Considerations
>
>   More than can be imagined.
>
--Jari


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    > From: Harald Tveit Alvestrand <harald@alvestrand.no>

    > The GSE proposal

One of the unfortunate things about Mike's GSE document (as opposed to Dave
Clark's 8+8 message to the IPng mailing list, which started the whole ball
rolling) was that it (unfortunately) mixed together two separate ideas:

- i) separation of location and identity, and
- ii) automatic addition of "high-order" location information *at the site
boundary* as the packets left the site

The second, while interesting, resulted in the first not being given the
distinct appraisal that it really deserved.


    > what it would take to bring it back: At the current stage of IPv6, it
    > seems to me that it would take someone working through how to allow one
    > subnet in a classical IPv6 network to use 8+8 while the rest of the
    > world didn't..... apparently nobody's seriously suggested that in
    > Multi6.... I don't know if it's workable.....

Alas, at this point, I'm not sure it's viable. Here's the problem: 8+8 (in
all its variants, including GSE - the two are *not* synonomous) assumed that
the TCP checksum included only the "identity" part. That way, if the
location-identity binding changed, it wouldn't complicate the checksum
computation. (Having done an "add a location namespace to TCP-4" proposal in
some detail for the NSRG, I can tell you that it gets pretty tricky.)

To really get the full benefit of 8+8, you'd have to go back and change the
TCPv6 checksum definition. This is unlikely to happen. So you're stuck with
either an option to change the TCP checksum behaviour (see paren comment
above) - which results in a lot more complexity, and an inability to make the
extended features available to non-upgraded hosts.

The *right* thing would have been to have considered location/identity
separation as an *architectural* issue, and left the *engineering* issues of
how to *secure* that binding until later - initial implementations could
have, e.g., *locked* the binding to be that in the SYN packet (for TCP; other
protocols the same). However, the basic mechanism (the binding table, the
checksums, etc) would have been there, ready and waiting, when we did work
out the engineering. (This, by the way, is exactly what we did with subnets -
the host mechanism was added in RFC1122 before it was fully worked out how we
were going to use it.)


Water under the bridge now, alas... Although it remains a useful lesson for
architects: work out basic concepts, add basic mechanisms, and *deliberately*
leave the engineering details for later. If you can't do that, you're not
doing architecture.

(TCP retransmission is a great example of this: the details of the algorithms
have changed completely, but the basic mechanisms, because they were
fundamental, easily absorbed them.)


[I put this part out of order, down here, so that this less valuable
re-hasing of the past can be skipped by those who don't care.]

    > The IPNG WG seemed to achieve "rough consensus" that GSE was not a
    > viable approach; the arguments against GSE were summarized in the draft
    > draft-ietf-ipngwg-esd-analysis.
    > At some later time, this draft was proposed for publication.
    > .. the IESG questioned the justification for some of the claims in the
    > draft regarding the percieved security weaknesses of GSE and sent it
    > back to the WG; it never returned.

As I recall (again, operating from memory, I haven't bothered to re-read the
draft, or try and find my marked-up paper copy :-), a number of us heavily
criticized the analysis as biased, and technically unsound, and the whole
thing (proposal and analysis) just went into abeyance: the proposal because
it was clearly not going to succeed, and the analysis because there was no
point if the proposal was abandoned.


To the best of my memory, I felt that the analysis was deeply flawed, and
wound up coming down against *all* identity/location separation schemes on
the basis of the problems with *this particular one*. Yes, of course when you
have two different names, the binding between them is a point of attack.
However, that's not sufficient reason to dismiss it.

I felt such a conclusion was *especially* completely unreasonable because the
then-contemporary MIPv6 concept (as I gleefully pointed out) did *exactly
that* - separate identity and location! But the group which did the analysis
(many of whom also worked on MIPv6, which just deepened the irony - or
unfairness, depending on the mood in which one viewed the situation) didn't
seem to take notice of that.

All of which led me personally to conclude that it was a "hatchet job" - i.e.
the outcome was determined before the analysis started. Those on the other
side will no doubt feel I'm being unfair to them, but, as the lawyers say,
"the document speaks for itself" - particularly the earlier versions. The
later versions may have fixed some of the more egregious errors, but by then
it was moot.

	Noel

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At 16:41 02/11/2005, Tony Li wrote:
>There is much more to it than that.  Basically, GSE was the last and
>best effort to create an architecture that separated
>the address into both a 'locator'  (where is the host) and
>'identifier' (the ESD in the draft).  The TCP pseudo-header would
>only be computed across the identifier and the locator would be free
>to change.

No problem with that. But you can imagine doing that easily today as 
a convention in a numbering plan. Not to confuse the words, I use 
routing/addressing/identification. The only information of interest 
for the network is routing. The rest of the address can be mangled by 
the ISP and restored when back.

>Security would not cover the locator and security associations would
>only be between ESDs.
>
>The locator/identifier architecture simplifies the architecture
>because it allows both mobility and multi-homing to become
>natural and pervasive.  For mobility, the host is now free to change
>its locator at will.  For multi-homing, the same end-host can
>now be reachable via multiple locators.

We are entirely in agreement. This is the way mobilephones work?

What I mean in saying it is accidental is that if you have 10 
internet exchanges on Wimax in an area you can build such a system 
without asking anything to anyone between them. If it works you can 
install 100 more, etc. You can this way become the final world IP 
plan. You have changed nothing in the Internet architecture. You have 
just chosen your own usage architecture and disregarded many RFCs 
without any use to you. A simpler, more secure, etc. system which scaled.

If an idea is good, it will eventually become used. With delays as 
many other ideas will have been verified on the market before.

HIP seems obviously a good idea: at least it seems to correct these 
delaying ideas. But do we need it?
jfc



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On Wed, Nov 02, 2005 at 06:09:44PM +0200, Jari Arkko wrote:
> Tony Li wrote:
>=20
> >There is much more to it than that.  Basically, GSE was the last and =20
> >best effort to create an architecture that separated
> >the address into both a 'locator'  (where is the host) and =20
> >'identifier' (the ESD in the draft).=20
>=20
> I think some modern architectures such as HIP appear
> to do a more thorough job and consider the whole problem. (Or at
> least a larger problem, I think HIP NAT support needs improvement.)
>=20
> >Security would not cover the locator and security associations would =20
> >only be between ESDs.
>=20
> There's a lot more to security than allowing IPsec SAs to work over
> communications in such architectures. Marcelo pointed to some
> issues in his mail; you'd probably want to avoid other people hijacking
> your communications etc.
>=20
> I wanted to see if GSE had dealt with these issues, but here's what
> the security consideration section from the GSE draft says:
>=20
> >17. Security Considerations
> >
> >  More than can be imagined.

	Please review

	 http://www3.ietf.org/proceedings/99nov/I-D/draft-ietf-ipngwg-esd-analysis=
-05.txt

	and

	 http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~smb/papers/esd-secure.txt


	Dave

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On Wed, 2 Nov 2005, Harald Tveit Alvestrand wrote:
> --On torsdag, oktober 27, 2005 19:02:13 -0400 "Bound, Jim" <Jim.Bound@hp.com> 
> wrote:
>> Can guranteed QoS be achieved end-to-end and we have so many views on
>> this and the current work and results from Diff and Int serve are not
>> good enough by themselves, what is the answer?
....
> my opinion, which is not worth much:
>
> Guarantee is an illusion. No matter how much you pay for "guaranteed 
> bandwidth", I'm not going to issue guarantees against a dinosaur-killer 
> asteroid landing on my NOC 10 years from now.

If folks really want this, I'd start off by answering the question:

  What's in it [guaranteed e2e QoS] for me?

   [substituting 'me' for all the ISPs in the end-to-end path]

Now, getting on my operator soap box...

It should be pretty evident that e2e guaranteed QoS is basically a 
non-starter as long as it isn't tied to a money routing protocol.

IMHO, the path-coupled signalling (nsis) that the IETF has been 
working on has very limited applicability (first hop router or 
internal enterprise network only).  That's way too much (slow path, 
only, accounting, etc.) processing for routers, on each hop.  A saner 
approach would be a complete path-decoupling, where dedicated boxes 
would be contacted for negotiating guarantees (and those boxes would 
propagate QoS configs on the required routers as needed).

> a) let the net-provider state to the customer what he can expect from the 
> network (at an appropriate level of confidence)
....

   d) let the user easy determination which applications at which times
      (s)he would like to get a good guarantee -- and which ones the
      user doesn't care all that much about.

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings

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>
>The first isn't even available from bgp.potaroo.net; the second is.


It is now - thanks for letting me know

http://draft-odell-8.potaroo.net/


>The IPNG WG seemed to achieve "rough consensus" that GSE was not a viable 
>approach; the arguments against GSE were summarized in the draft 
>draft-ietf-ipngwg-esd-analysis.
>
>At some later time, this draft was proposed for publication.
>
>This was in the Bad Days Before Tracker, so I'm operating strictly from 
>memory, both with dates and conclusions... my memory says that the IESG 
>questioned the justification for some of the claims in the draft regarding 
>the percieved security weaknesses of GSE and sent it back to the WG; it 
>never returned.
>
>Version -05 of that draft has a date of October 1999; version -00 had a 
>date of March 1997, and was written as *accepting* ESD, so while the end 
>result was probably a termination of discussion, the process did take 2.5 
>years to get that far.
>
>WRT what it would take to bring it back: At the current stage of IPv6, it 
>seems to me that it would take someone working through how to allow one 
>subnet in a classical IPv6 network to use 8+8 while the rest of the world 
>didn't..... apparently nobody's seriously suggested that in Multi6.... I 
>don't know if it's workable.....


To be best of my recollection this did not resurface in the multi6 effort - 
although its true to say that most forms of rewriting parts of the packet 
header by some form of foreign agent were reviewed in multi6. The issues of 
knowing (and being able to reliably detect)  the difference between a 
'friendly and helpful" rewrite and a "hostile effort at session hijack" 
remained significant issues with the foreign agent rewrite approaches. Like 
Harald my recollection of this in 1999 was that there was a similar concern 
over 8+8.

Certainly this is once more an active topic, in that the issues here appear 
to be a rather tough trade-off between control of the security issues in a 
host-based approach to this topic (such as shim6) and a site/ locale-based 
approach to this topic (such as gse approaches).

Among the detritus of unfinished work there was an effort by myself and 
Margaret Wasserman to write up the multi6 proposals - an early draft is in 
an appendix of 
http://smakd.potaroo.net/ietf/all-ids/draft-huston-multi6-architectures-00.txt-76090.txt. 
As I recall someone else volunteered at a multi6wg meeting to take on this 
as a separate draft - but no further progress was made


Geoff






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> I'm fond of not making completely definite statements, but in this  
> case, it's hard to imagine the change :-)
>
> if we REALLY want to change it, it's probably simpler to do so by  
> changing the protocol number for TCP..... TCPng, anyone?



Harald,

I have to look at this as simply another indication that we're not  
ready to make architectural changes.

Shifting to a new protocol number is largely not helpful.  It implies  
that to truly introduce GSE, we have to renumber
*all* of the transports and have backwards compatibility built into  
all of them.  How is this simpler than changing
the version number in the IP header?

Regards,
Tony


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If you sell an SLA that mentions bandwidth, and AFAIK most ISPs do, I  
think you'll agree that the SLA is not against dinosaur-killing  
asteroids. It is about the service you will deliver to a specified  
customer during a finite period of time at a cost under normal  
conditions. I'd really suggest that if we want to have this  
discussion, we don't branch into put-downs and hyperbole. It doesn't  
help.

You have two levels of guarantees under discussion here. One is the  
base SLA - "you pay me $$$ and I will deliver <MBPS with lots of  
other attributes>". That is the state of play today. Those who are  
discussing integrated services negotiation at a finer level are  
discussion something related-but-different. "Given that you are  
delivering <SLA>, I intend to use part of it for a real-time service  
that doesn't adapt or has at most limited ability to adapt to the  
network, and you have agreed to support up to <SLA'> of that on my  
behalf. If I add an additional session with <flowspec>  
characteristics, would I still be within <SLA'>?" The "guarantee"  
relates to the network's ability to deliver a service to an inelastic  
application within a larger SLA at a time, and presumably at a cost  
or within a budget paid in another way.

Where this becomes important is places where congestion does in fact  
set in, as opposed to places where effectively-infinite bandwidth is  
the rule. Within ISPs located within the better-funded parts of the  
world, and to a less extent between those ISPs, we deploy sufficient  
bandwidth that there isn't a lot of question. Ditto on LANs, which is  
to say "within campuses". Effectively-infinite bandwidth has yet to  
make it to relatively large parts of the world, however, and that  
includes access networks like the one attached to the other end of my  
house. Something that affects that is services offered to a user,  
especially when they have different privilege levels. That is the  
place of discussions like ieprep is having.

On Nov 2, 2005, at 7:57 AM, Harald Tveit Alvestrand wrote:

>
>
> --On torsdag, oktober 27, 2005 19:02:13 -0400 "Bound, Jim"  
> <Jim.Bound@hp.com> wrote:
>
>> Can guranteed QoS be achieved end-to-end and we have so many views on
>> this and the current work and results from Diff and Int serve are not
>> good enough by themselves, what is the answer?
>
> Branching discussions is so much fun :-)
>
> my opinion, which is not worth much:
>
> Guarantee is an illusion. No matter how much you pay for  
> "guaranteed bandwidth", I'm not going to issue guarantees against a  
> dinosaur-killer asteroid landing on my NOC 10 years from now.
>
> The question we SHOULD be asking is whether diffserv and/or intserv  
> gives us the tools we need to do:
>
> a) let the net-provider state to the customer what he can expect  
> from the network (at an appropriate level of confidence)
>
> b) let the customer state to the net-provider what he wants from  
> the network (and the level of confidence he needs)
>
> c) let the net-provider(s) keep track of what they have promised in  
> the aggregate, and know whether or not he's able to deliver on his  
> promises at any given time.
>
> Note that a) and b) can occur in any order, including  
> ababababab.... that's called "negotiation".... and I'm sure that  
> some people will claim that the answer to c) is "MPLS", whereas  
> others will say "if the answer is MPLS, you have misunderstood the  
> question".....
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
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--------------------------------------------------------------
"Don't worry about the world coming to an end today. It's already  
tomorrow in Australia." (Charles Schulz )


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--On 2. november 2005 11:52 -0800 Fred Baker <fred@cisco.com> wrote:

> If you sell an SLA that mentions bandwidth, and AFAIK most ISPs do, I
> think you'll agree that the SLA is not against dinosaur-killing
> asteroids. It is about the service you will deliver to a specified
> customer during a finite period of time at a cost under normal
> conditions. I'd really suggest that if we want to have this  discussion,
> we don't branch into put-downs and hyperbole. It doesn't  help.

wasn't intending to be hyperbolic - just pointing out that the word=20
"guarantee" shouldn't be read as "absolute certainty", but "reasonable=20
reassurance" - that might be so obvious by now that I'm beating in open=20
doors; not an useful exercise....

> You have two levels of guarantees under discussion here. One is the  base
> SLA - "you pay me $$$ and I will deliver <MBPS with lots of  other
> attributes>". That is the state of play today. Those who are  discussing
> integrated services negotiation at a finer level are  discussion
> something related-but-different. "Given that you are  delivering <SLA>, I
> intend to use part of it for a real-time service  that doesn't adapt or
> has at most limited ability to adapt to the  network, and you have agreed
> to support up to <SLA'> of that on my  behalf. If I add an additional
> session with <flowspec>  characteristics, would I still be within
> <SLA'>?" The "guarantee"  relates to the network's ability to deliver a
> service to an inelastic  application within a larger SLA at a time, and
> presumably at a cost  or within a budget paid in another way.

I think we're on the same page...... in addition, the supercomputer guys=20
and the HD video guys seem to be pushing the amount of traffic offered to=20
levels where "effectively infinite" isn't so infinite any more.....



 
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 architectural change)
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On Wed, 2 Nov 2005, Edward A. Gardner wrote:

> At 03:31 02-11-2005, Harald Tveit Alvestrand wrote:
> >Since this is ancient history for most of us, some rehashing may be in
> >order, at least about what the history was....
>
> Not only is it ancient history, many/most of us lurkers have no idea what
> draft-ietf-ipngwg-gseaddr proposed or is about and have no idea what the
> rest of you are talking about.

http://www.watersprings.org/pub/id/draft-odell-8%2B8-00.txt
http://www.watersprings.org/pub/id/draft-ietf-ipngwg-gseaddr-00.txt

http://www.watersprings.org/pub/id/draft-ietf-ipngwg-esd-analysis-00.txt
through to
http://www.watersprings.org/pub/id/draft-ietf-ipngwg-esd-analysis-05.txt

Watersprings is a useful tool.

Get up to speed.

L.

> And as all the tombstones say, it wasn't an
> archival document.
>
> If rehashing that decision is important to this discussion list, would
> someone please post a technical summary of that proposal or a pointer to one?
>
> If rehashing that decision isn't relevant or constructive, maybe we can
> proceed on to something that is?
>
> Ed Gardner

<http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/L.Wood/><L.Wood@eim.surrey.ac.uk>

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Leslie,

I would have thought a useful starting agenda would be the output 
(particularly the initial requirements white paper) of the DARPA NewArch 
project.
<http://www.isi.edu/newarch/>

I wasn't involved directly myself, but my future comms architecture group 
in BT was addressing many of these issues in parallel to NewArch and still is.

On the issue of "dealing with bad traffic" in Pekka's starting list, the 
following draft was recently posted to the tsvwg list for Vancouver:

Re-ECN: Adding Accountability for Causing Congestion to TCP/IP
<http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-briscoe-tsvwg-re-ecn-tcp-00.txt>
Other file formats:
<http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/B.Briscoe/pubs.html#retcp>

It doesn't discriminate bad from good (so the evil bit of RFC3514 is 
available for other uses ;) but it aims to ensure bad can't cause any more 
congestion than good in the long run (at the user level, as well as the 
flow level and packet level).

It has weaknesses which are largely due to the limited space available in 
the IPv4 header for making it incrementally deployable. It is based on a 
more secure scheme referred to within the I-D, which was intended as a 
longer-term solution as it uses multiple header bits so would require 
widespread support from v6 routers.


Bob



____________________________________________________________________________
Notice: This contribution is the personal view of the author and does not 
necessarily reflect the technical nor commercial direction of BT plc.
____________________________________________________________________________
Bob Briscoe,                           Networks Research Centre, BT Research
B54/130 Adastral Park,Martlesham Heath,Ipswich,IP5 3RE,UK.   +44 1473 645196 



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From architecture-discuss-bounces@ietf.org Tue Nov 08 13:26:34 2005
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Subject: [arch-d] IP virtualisation: Summary and take 2
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This is my personal, admittedly biased summary of the IP  
virtualisation discussion so far.  My apologies that I started the  
discussion but haven't replied anything until now, but I got a day  
job override around the same time Leslie forwarded the initial messages.

The discussion so far seems to have circulated around tunnelling,  
without really getting to what I consider a more pressing problem:  
what are the real reasons why people do use tunnelling; or, to put it  
differently, what are the requirements that drive people to  
virtualise IP with tunnelling.  In other words, in a way we have been  
rehashing the discussion at the Internet Area mailing list --  
probably because of only partially overlapping audience.

Hence, I would urge people to (re)read the INT area discussion before  
rebashing tunnelling any more, see e.g. the following:

My original posting at INT area (note that my thoughts have since  
evolved):
http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/int-area/current/msg00005.html

Tony's good summary of how tunnelling is a means of virtualisation:
http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/int-area/current/msg00008.html

My mid-discussion summary:
http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/int-area/current/msg00027.html

Tony's excellent questioning of my summary:
http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/int-area/current/msg00029.html

Brian's note about an alternative, shimming:
http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/int-area/current/msg00072.html

There were also other good posts by many people, including Joe Touch  
and Jim Bound and many others; the quality of discussion was IMHO  
very high.  I've picked above those that I think are most important  
from the point of view of trying to get this discussion forward.  If  
you are interested in seeing how to really use tunnelling in a good  
way, I also encourage you to read Joe's mails, e.g.
http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/int-area/current/msg00028.html
http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/int-area/current/msg00035.html
http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/int-area/current/msg00037.html
http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/int-area/current/msg00080.html

The summary of the INT area discussion, and this discussion here so  
far, is that tunnelling is a fine tool for many purposes, including  
but not limited to IP virtualisation.  However, at the same time,  
there are also a number of concerns, some of which are more technical  
in nature (e.g. MTU, overhead) and some of which are more  
architectural (e.g. IP addresses no longer represent end-points,  
tunnelling allows transparency at the core, tunnelling can be used to  
circumvent firewall policies).

Now, trying to go forward, the reason why I took this topic up in the  
first place was that I would like to better understand the various  
sets of semantics that various groups of users expect from IP.  The  
fact that we use tunnelling to virtualise IP seems to indicate that  
different user groups want different semantics, and that the current  
global IP service does not fulfil these semantical needs.

Let me try to take a simplistic attempt to describe a couple of  
scenarios:

1. A home user

An individual home user is interested in
a) general connectivity for web browsing and other similar needs
b) connectivity with her social tribe, i.e. friends etc
c) connectivity to the services at her job

Of these, c) may benefit from IP virtualisation.  Indeed, if the user  
uses IPsec VPN for connecting to her employer's intranet, her  
computer may have a virtual interface corresponding to this VPN  
connection.

What makes this scenario tricky, from the current architecture point  
of view, is the desire to keep at least the domains a) and c) clearly  
separate, and the separate security requirements pertaining to them.

2. Distributed corporate intranet

Typically, users of a corporate intranet currently use mainly the  
intranet, accessing the Internet through an application level  
gateway, or at least a packet filtering firewall.  A good question is  
whether it would be better to describe the situation in terms of two  
virtual networks, 1) the corporate intranet and 2) the public  
internet, with separate types of firewalling towards each of them,  
and with string separation between them.

---

Based on the two simplistic examples above, I think it is fair to  
state that there seems to be a need for having simultaneous but  
clearly separated connectivity with multiple disjoint IP networks.   
Is the requirement really that simple?

Now, putting aside that the requirement can be (and is being) solved  
with tunnelling, would there be alternative ways of doing this?  Are  
Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses (RFC 4193) another way to achieve  
the goal?  If not, what else is needed?

--Pekka Nikander


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This is my biased summary of the Mobility and Multi-homing discussion  
so far, with some suggestions of moving forward in the end.

It looks like that this particular threat diverged quite fast from  
its original topic, to other useful -- but different -- topics.   I  
am ignoring the other topics here.

I was able to find five distinct subtopics that seemed to be relevant:

   1. Noel stated that if the architecture isn't rich enough,
      we end up with feature-cancer.  Jari stated that mobility
      does not involve just a single solution but a set of separable
      pieces.

   2. From an architectural point of view, it is clear that supporting
      mobility and multi-homing must take place above the traditional
      "deliver packet from this interface to that interface" IP service.
      Noel stated that the best suggestion so far has been the NSRG
      concept of designing a new name space, somewhere above the
      traditional IP service.

   3. According to Noel, in a perfect world, a shim approach might
      be better, but given the current state, bundling with new
      transports may be easier.

   4. There are different operational environments, and we need to
      pay attention to deployment in these different environments.

   5. The topic can be expanded to consider also other aspects of
      mobility and multi-homing, such as service mobility within a
      server farm, or denial-of-service protection.

In the following, I ignore topics #4 and #5, not because they are not  
important but because I consider #4 orthogonal to the other  
discussion and #5 as a pure research issue for the time being, with  
little direct engineering consequences.  However, I do think that as  
time passes more generic concepts (like service mobility) will become  
more important and we need to keep them in mind in this discussion.

The problem: Lack of richness in the architecture, or missing name  
spaces
======================================================================== 
=

Noel noted that when the underlying architecture isn't rich enough,  
in namespaces, mechanisms, etc, the approaches to add functionality  
that would require them will not be nice (ugly "bags on the side").   
In my opinion, another way of stating the same (in this particular  
case) is that if we are missing a layer of indirection, any attempt  
to add the functionality without adding a name space will end up  
using one of the existing name spaces for multiple semantically  
different purposes, make the solutions, in some sense, ugly.

There are a number of questions that need to be answered in order to  
understand what kind of name space should be added to the  
architecture.  Hence, my conclusion here is that we should focus a  
little bit more on understanding what are the right questions.  At  
the IAB list, some people recently asked whether we have a good set  
of mobility requirements, and the answer is apparently "no".

Related to this, Jari made the comment that to him it seems more  
important to break down the problem into separable pieces.  While I  
sympathetic and certainly can see how certain pieces of the problem  
(like attachment detection or path exploration) can and should be  
seen as separate issues, I am not sure if the core problem (need for  
a new layer of indirection) can be split into subpieces.

The solution and its nature: a new name space, shim or not
==========================================================

It seems to be clear that mobility and multi-homing support has to  
happen above the "deliver a packet from this interface to that  
interface" layer, or what has traditionally been considered as the  
core of the IP.  At this point we need to be careful, as today's IP  
has package that is not really that much interface-to-interface in  
nature any more; IPsec is a prime example, in my opinion.

Noel stated his opinion that the NSRG concept of designing a new  
namespace, and deploying it one application and/or transport layer at  
a time, was the best one.  Personally, I am a little worried about  
this approach, as it seems to require changing all transports and  
applications.   Noel continued to state that in a perfect world he  
would he'd go for a shim, but in real world he'd be more inclined to  
bundle it with transports.

I have a different opinion here.  I see two concrete possibilities of  
going forward in a shim-like way.  One is HIP, perhaps first  
deploying HIP with IP addresses as ULIDs just in order to make early  
deployment easier, and then later on proceeding to use HITs as  
ULIDs.  The danger of such two-step approach is, of course, that we  
may fail to do the second step, and that would be bad.

The other alternative transition mechanism would be to start using  
CGA, or something like CGA, to associate a public key or other  
similar identifiers with ULID IPv6 addresses.  From a semantic point  
of view the ULID would stand as a proxy for the public key, the  
public key (or other identifier) being the real end-point  
identifier.  Under this layer we could then run shim6 with mobility  
extensions, HIP, or some hybrid of them.

In any case, the goal of any transition mechanism like this would be  
to gradually move into an architecture that does have a new name  
space and a new layer of indirection.

--Pekka Nikander


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From architecture-discuss-bounces@ietf.org Thu Nov 10 21:59:56 2005
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Subject: RE: [arch-d] Mobility and multi-homing: Summary and going forward
Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2005 04:59:40 +0200
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Pekka,

I actually would like to see Applicability Statements for HIP,
MIP(v4/v6),
MONAMI, SHIM6, mSCTP, NETLMM, etc.

I actually think that we need to do a bit of thinking of how each piece
might live within the Internet, how you perform address selection=20
when an application wants to get a new IP address (does it use the
HIP or MIP stack on it), etc. etc.

I'd like to see some quick diagrams of the stack calls; see what
happens when we have address agility - within a single interface
and across different interfaces. =20

John

>-----Original Message-----
>From: architecture-discuss-bounces@ietf.org=20
>[mailto:architecture-discuss-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of=20
>ext Pekka Nikander
>Sent: 10 November, 2005 19:27
>To: architecture-discuss@ietf.org
>Subject: [arch-d] Mobility and multi-homing: Summary and going forward
>
>This is my biased summary of the Mobility and Multi-homing=20
>discussion so far, with some suggestions of moving forward in the end.
>
>It looks like that this particular threat diverged quite fast from =20
>its original topic, to other useful -- but different -- topics.   I =20
>am ignoring the other topics here.
>
>I was able to find five distinct subtopics that seemed to be relevant:
>
>   1. Noel stated that if the architecture isn't rich enough,
>      we end up with feature-cancer.  Jari stated that mobility
>      does not involve just a single solution but a set of separable
>      pieces.
>
>   2. From an architectural point of view, it is clear that supporting
>      mobility and multi-homing must take place above the traditional
>      "deliver packet from this interface to that interface"=20
>IP service.
>      Noel stated that the best suggestion so far has been the NSRG
>      concept of designing a new name space, somewhere above the
>      traditional IP service.
>
>   3. According to Noel, in a perfect world, a shim approach might
>      be better, but given the current state, bundling with new
>      transports may be easier.
>
>   4. There are different operational environments, and we need to
>      pay attention to deployment in these different environments.
>
>   5. The topic can be expanded to consider also other aspects of
>      mobility and multi-homing, such as service mobility within a
>      server farm, or denial-of-service protection.
>
>In the following, I ignore topics #4 and #5, not because they=20
>are not important but because I consider #4 orthogonal to the=20
>other discussion and #5 as a pure research issue for the time=20
>being, with little direct engineering consequences.  However,=20
>I do think that as time passes more generic concepts (like=20
>service mobility) will become more important and we need to=20
>keep them in mind in this discussion.
>
>The problem: Lack of richness in the architecture, or missing=20
>name spaces=20
>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
>=3D
>
>Noel noted that when the underlying architecture isn't rich=20
>enough, in namespaces, mechanisms, etc, the approaches to add=20
>functionality =20
>that would require them will not be nice (ugly "bags on the side").  =20
>In my opinion, another way of stating the same (in this particular
>case) is that if we are missing a layer of indirection, any=20
>attempt to add the functionality without adding a name space=20
>will end up using one of the existing name spaces for multiple=20
>semantically different purposes, make the solutions, in some=20
>sense, ugly.
>
>There are a number of questions that need to be answered in=20
>order to understand what kind of name space should be added to=20
>the architecture.  Hence, my conclusion here is that we should=20
>focus a little bit more on understanding what are the right=20
>questions.  At the IAB list, some people recently asked=20
>whether we have a good set of mobility requirements, and the=20
>answer is apparently "no".
>
>Related to this, Jari made the comment that to him it seems=20
>more important to break down the problem into separable=20
>pieces.  While I sympathetic and certainly can see how certain=20
>pieces of the problem (like attachment detection or path=20
>exploration) can and should be seen as separate issues, I am=20
>not sure if the core problem (need for a new layer of=20
>indirection) can be split into subpieces.
>
>The solution and its nature: a new name space, shim or not=20
>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
>
>It seems to be clear that mobility and multi-homing support=20
>has to happen above the "deliver a packet from this interface=20
>to that interface" layer, or what has traditionally been=20
>considered as the core of the IP.  At this point we need to be=20
>careful, as today's IP has package that is not really that=20
>much interface-to-interface in nature any more; IPsec is a=20
>prime example, in my opinion.
>
>Noel stated his opinion that the NSRG concept of designing a=20
>new namespace, and deploying it one application and/or=20
>transport layer at a time, was the best one.  Personally, I am=20
>a little worried about this approach, as it seems to require=20
>changing all transports and =20
>applications.   Noel continued to state that in a perfect world he =20
>would he'd go for a shim, but in real world he'd be more=20
>inclined to bundle it with transports.
>
>I have a different opinion here.  I see two concrete=20
>possibilities of going forward in a shim-like way.  One is=20
>HIP, perhaps first deploying HIP with IP addresses as ULIDs=20
>just in order to make early deployment easier, and then later=20
>on proceeding to use HITs as ULIDs.  The danger of such=20
>two-step approach is, of course, that we may fail to do the=20
>second step, and that would be bad.
>
>The other alternative transition mechanism would be to start=20
>using CGA, or something like CGA, to associate a public key or=20
>other similar identifiers with ULID IPv6 addresses.  From a=20
>semantic point of view the ULID would stand as a proxy for the=20
>public key, the public key (or other identifier) being the=20
>real end-point identifier.  Under this layer we could then run=20
>shim6 with mobility extensions, HIP, or some hybrid of them.
>
>In any case, the goal of any transition mechanism like this=20
>would be to gradually move into an architecture that does have=20
>a new name space and a new layer of indirection.
>
>--Pekka Nikander
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Architecture-discuss mailing list
>Architecture-discuss@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/architecture-discuss
>

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Subject: RE: [arch-d] Mobility and multi-homing: Summary and going forward
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On Fri, 11 Nov 2005 john.loughney@nokia.com wrote:

> Pekka,
>
> I actually would like to see Applicability Statements for HIP,
> MIP(v4/v6),
> MONAMI, SHIM6, mSCTP, NETLMM, etc.
>
> I actually think that we need to do a bit of thinking of how each piece
> might live within the Internet, how you perform address selection
> when an application wants to get a new IP address (does it use the
> HIP or MIP stack on it), etc. etc.

Particularly interesting would be diagram of how all the above can (or 
can not) work together; and if some of them can not be used together
explanation as to why not and which of the technologies are exclusive
of the other ones.

P.S. Personally I think we need to evaluate ASAP if we really need
another layer in between IP and TCP/UDP and if it is needed then
design it in appropriate way with "base" layer protocol and additional
specification that use this layer (instead of designing several
protocols that each introduce new layers "close" to each other).

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Networks
william@elan.net

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Subject: RE: [arch-d] Mobility and multi-homing: Summary and going forward
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Hi William,

>> I actually would like to see Applicability Statements for HIP,=20
>> MIP(v4/v6), MONAMI, SHIM6, mSCTP, NETLMM, etc.
>>
>> I actually think that we need to do a bit of thinking of how each=20
>> piece might live within the Internet, how you perform address=20
>> selection when an application wants to get a new IP address (does it=20
>> use the HIP or MIP stack on it), etc. etc.
>
>Particularly interesting would be diagram of how all the above=20
>can (or can not) work together; and if some of them can not be=20
>used together explanation as to why not and which of the=20
>technologies are exclusive of the other ones.

That's kind of what I was getting at.  Depending upon what is needed,
one could see making a socket (or socket-like) call that would start
'simple' IP, MIP, HIP, whatever ... and understanding which type of
IP 'service' you wanted.  That's why I somewhat think this could be
considered an address selection issue - do you want a MIP address,
HIP address, SHIM address ... Life with IPv6 already brings this up,
as a 1-to-1 relationship IP address to an interface doesn't hold.

>P.S. Personally I think we need to evaluate ASAP if we really=20
>need another layer in between IP and TCP/UDP and if it is=20
>needed then design it in appropriate way with "base" layer=20
>protocol and additional specification that use this layer=20
>(instead of designing several protocols that each introduce=20
>new layers "close" to each other).

At the shim6 meeting in Paris, Christian Huitema pointed out that
while we like to think that TCP & IP are separate layers, that's
not how people implement them.  I think that any 'layer' between
transport & IP might be a separate layer on paper, but won't be
in implementation.

John

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  forward
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>
>At the shim6 meeting in Paris, Christian Huitema pointed out that
>while we like to think that TCP & IP are separate layers, that's
>not how people implement them.  I think that any 'layer' between
>transport & IP might be a separate layer on paper, but won't be
>in implementation.

well ... yes and no. When you talk about the design of algorithms and 
associated protocols, then our tools to transform the space to conceptually 
manageable proportions typically rely on partitioning - and in this case 
the layered protocol model serves as a useful partitioning tool in terms of 
where and how data structures are organized and where and how the 
procedures that work off these data structures are organised. From this 
perspective there are certain obvious differences between the data 
structures associated with a transport session and those associated with 
the IP layer, for example.

  From my perspective I would see the interactions with a stack as more 
akin to a vertical API conceptualization, again as an abstraction to help 
partition the overall space in a productive manner. Of course, yes these 
are conceptual models rather than implementation imperatives. But at times 
seeing the entire space without this form of conceptual structure just gets 
overwhemlingly confusing  - at least it does for me!

   Geoff





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Folks,

Due to several suggestions(thanks Avri), I would post both lists.

Background: we've presented crisp-wg about routing registry 
enabled crisp framework which is XML based query/responce protocol.

A major discussing point is that routing registry
is somewhat different with others; address and domain
are already published as rfc. The reason is that
address and domain perform clear hierarchy on the other
hand, routing is not.

we would really know this argument is true or not from
the view point of architecture.

cheers.

-kengo






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--- john.loughney@nokia.com wrote:

> At the shim6 meeting in Paris, Christian Huitema
> pointed out that
> while we like to think that TCP & IP are separate
> layers, that's
> not how people implement them.  

I don't think I agree with this statement: there are a
lot of protocols which ride on IP and not TCP, and the
implementations don't have any "secret" TCP in the
mix.  Perhaps what he meant to say is that nobody
implements TCP without IP - that's correct, but the
converse isn't.

> I think that any
> 'layer' between
> transport & IP might be a separate layer on paper,
> but won't be
> in implementation.

If there was a benefit to the existence of the layer,
you can reasonably expect that people will find a way
to use it.  However, it would need to really BE a
discrete layer: one of the big problems (IMO) with
IPv6 is the lack of respect for layer boundaries. 


David Barak
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Subject: RE: [arch-d] Mobility and multi-homing: Summary and going forward
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On Fri, 11 Nov 2005, David Barak wrote:

>> I think that any 'layer' between transport & IP might be a separate 
>> layer on paper,  but won't be in implementation.

That really does not matter. If they have device that only does HTTP
they may well implement both TCP/IP & HTTP in one unified code (in
fact some people did if I'm not mistaken).

> If there was a benefit to the existence of the layer,
> you can reasonably expect that people will find a way
> to use it. However, it would need to really BE a discrete layer:

So what you're saying is that for adding new layer (as opposed to
modifications or additional to either IP or TCP), there needs to
be application that relies exclusively on this layer and builds up
on top of it (i.e. OSPF vs BGP). This is a fair view and perhaps
we need to look at how MIP, HIP, SHIM, etc feet into it.

However even if separate application using layer is not immediatly
found, layer-like separation may be still be good to have so new layer 
could be used very differently (or entirely bypassed) by upper layers
in certain cases, for example I have still have hard time imagining how 
shim6 or hip could/would be used with multicasting.

> one of the big problems (IMO) with
> IPv6 is the lack of respect for layer boundaries.

How so? What in IPv6 makes it so different layer-wise compared to IPv4?

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Networks
william@elan.net

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Subject: RE: [arch-d] Mobility and multi-homing: Summary and going forward
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--- "william(at)elan.net" <william@elan.net> wrote:

> > one of the big problems (IMO) with
> > IPv6 is the lack of respect for layer boundaries.
> 
> How so? What in IPv6 makes it so different
> layer-wise compared to IPv4?

The whole reason for a /64 being a "host" address is
to incorporate MAC information into the IPv6 address:
that bridges L2 and L3.  IPv6 has absorbed several
other protocols (DHCP, IPSec, GRE) in an attempt to be
all things to all people.  

The whole Shim6 discussion boils down to using
host-based rather than network-based failover
mechanisa, and so a useful scaling property of the
current Internet is lost (that hosts don't need
routing information).

I've long believed that strict separation of functions
leads to greater long-term stability and flexibility -
I'd like to be able to slip IPv6 into the protocol
stack instead of v4, and still run the same
upper-level stuff over it (that IS the layered model,
after all...)



David Barak
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=20
> At the shim6 meeting in Paris, Christian Huitema pointed out that
> while we like to think that TCP & IP are separate layers, that's
> not how people implement them.  I think that any 'layer' between
> transport & IP might be a separate layer on paper, but won't be
> in implementation.

I did not agree with this comment then nor do I now.  I have implemented
a lot of stacks and the transport is always called (referenced if you
prefer) after the IP layer processing.  The entire Internet reference
protocol architecture are virtual layers.  There is one even above the
transport virtual layer and typically the interface to what is known as
user space though that is evolving too.

So if we are to speak of needing a new layer above IP but before
transport processing then that will be a new virtual layer.

Also realize that what we do not want to do is create a bottlneck making
the middle virtual layers fat and slow either.

/jim

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  forward
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>The whole Shim6 discussion boils down to using
>host-based rather than network-based failover
>mechanisa, and so a useful scaling property of the
>current Internet is lost (that hosts don't need
>routing information).


I have to make the comment that this is not  the case - shim6 exploits 
multiple router advertisements with multiple prefixes in order to gain host 
knowledge of available address prefixes, but does not rely on the 
propagation of routing information to individual hosts. I 'd gently suggest 
that you may want to read through the shim6 working drafts before advancing 
such perspectives on this particular approach to multi-homing and the more 
general area of  advancing identity / locator semantic distinctions.

regards,

     Geoff




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From: George Michaelson <ggm@apnic.net>
To: Nagahashi Kengo <kengo@nagahashi.org>
Subject: Re: [arch-d] routing and addressing hierarchy
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On Thu, 10 Nov 2005 23:59:13 -0800
Nagahashi Kengo <kengo@nagahashi.org> wrote:

> Folks,
> 
> Due to several suggestions(thanks Avri), I would post both lists.
> 
> Background: we've presented crisp-wg about routing registry 
> enabled crisp framework which is XML based query/responce protocol.
> 
> A major discussing point is that routing registry
> is somewhat different with others; address and domain
> are already published as rfc. The reason is that
> address and domain perform clear hierarchy on the other
> hand, routing is not.
> 
> we would really know this argument is true or not from
> the view point of architecture.

Nagahashi-San, my view is that this is not an Internet Architecture
issue, this is an *organizational* issue: the ISPs do not show a desire
to use a hierarchy of IRR to coordinate their route announces in
registry form: they are happy with a loose mesh.

So this is not an internet architecture issue, its about organization
in the policy/operations space for the global routing community.

I think there is *considerable* merit in having XML specification of
the routing information, to permit XML tokenized data to be used by
people and I wish to make sure people understand this is of wider
benefit to the community. 

This is distinct from the operational, organizational aspects of your
draft. If you separate these observations on national routing
hierarchies, how to tier and inter-relate registries from the idea of
having an XML representation of routing, I think that will be useful.

Your community (the JP IRR working group) has been presenting on
coordinated IRR at NANOG, and IETF, and regional RIR meetings for some
time now, over 4 years to my knowledge. In that time, you have received
much feedback from the north american and european community that they
do NOT wish to see national, mandated registry schemes, or coordinated
regional hierarchies: the operators do not wish to follow this model.

I think you have to reflect on what this means for your proposals.

If CRISP receives guidance from the AD that there is applicability for
your work in our WG, I am sure we will accept it and work on it.

cheers, and thankyou for bringing this into the wider discussion by
your presentation at the plenary: I think this was a good thing
to do.

-George
> 
> cheers.
> 
> -kengo
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Architecture-discuss mailing list
> Architecture-discuss@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/architecture-discuss
> 


-- 
George Michaelson       |  APNIC                 
Email: ggm@apnic.net    |  PO Box 2131 Milton    
Phone: +61 7 3858 3150  |  QLD 4064 Australia    
  Fax: +61 7 3858 3199  |  http://www.apnic.net  

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Subject: Re: [arch-d] Mobility and multi-homing: Summary and going forward
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--=-=-=

it seems that a goodly portion of the historical record on this has been lost,
or perhaps just not passed on by father to son.  here are some of the comments
i made when IPv6's original "rapid renumbering" requirement was thrown out as
a way to make it more (cough) rapidly deployable.

it gives me no pride or pleasure to have been right in my various predictions.
i'm only sending these again so that those of you who weren't involved in 1996
can have some context as you unearth all these supposedly-dead issues.  had we
stuck with A6/DNAME, we'd be ~done by now.  instead, we're ~starting ~over.

(4 msgs)


--=-=-=
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To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: FW: AAAA/A6 
In-Reply-To: Message from itojun@iijlab.net  of "Thu,
	22 Mar 2001 08:44:56 +0900." <16934.985218296@coconut.itojun.org>
Date: Thu, 22 Mar 2001 05:58:39 -0800
From: Paul A Vixie <vixie@redpaul.mfnx.net>
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A6 wasn't originated by the DNS community, it was a response to the IPv6
community's desire to push their rapid/continuous renumbering requirement
into DNS rather than having to invent new support protocols in IPv6 itself.

Therefore if the IPv6 community withdraws its rapid/continuous renumbering
requirement then the DNS community will absolutely withdraw its A6 proposal.
I do not consider this likely, and moreover, while I'm not a direct
participant in the IPv6 community, I think that rapid/continuous renumbering
is the only thing that makes IPv6 worth deploying.

> 	- name server with good backend database
> 		(in this case AAAA and A6 management costs are requal)

For any given network this may or may not be the case.  Sounds like for the
IIJLab network it is the case.  But I know of hundreds of networks for whom
it is NOT the case (starting with most of PAIX's customers.)  Good backend
databases, or even...

> 	- good perl script with AAAA (easy enough, deployable now)

...good perl scripts, are not universally applicable or scalable, and will
not lead to transit-provider fluidity.  Some of the stickiness of a network
to its transit provider has to do with the cost of renumbering.  And at the
moment, multihoming is hellishly expensive since it requires portable address
space which most networks don't have the resources to qualify for.

> 	i believe our network is already large enough, and i'm happy with AAAA.

in contrast, i believe that IPv6 is not worth its deployment cost, not even
in a testbed, unless we deploy (or test) the rapid/continuous renumbering
features.  if you don't believe me, find a member of the GPRS community and
ask *them*.  or anyone in the mobile data community.  or anyone whose network
touches PAIX or Equinix or similar for the majority purpose of selecting their
transit providers based on price and quality and without regard to renumbering
cost.

--=-=-=
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Date: 28 Apr 2001 10:57:35 -0700
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> Yes, there are a few A6 RR's out in the wild - but aside from demonstrating
> that the world hasn't ended because of that, those don't prove much,
> either way.

Nor will proof of that kind be available without a lot more operational
deployment.  

It sounds like you're not planning to wait for proof of that kind, but
rather, get in a room with some like minded others and simply decide
whether A6 is worth deploying or whether it really does suffer from all
the woes which have been attributed to it and if so whether they add up
to something fatal or not.

Which means IPv6's "quick renumbering" requirement is back on the table.
And since quick renumbering was used to sell the fast path IPv6 is on, I
assume that we can now listen to Tony Li's "too little, too soon" complaint
and just pull back from IPv6-as-specified and try to come up with something
that's going to solve more of the problems we DO and WILL have, and fewer
of the problems we MIGHT or COULD have?

No?  You mean that stuff isn't back on the table, and we're going ahead with
IPv6 regardless of whether or not it has quick renumbering capabilities?  If
so, I will accuse the various directorates of "bait and switch" tactics used
to ram their limited vision through various debates with no actual intent to
follow through on any of their "campaign promises."

Which would make this whole thing a lot like the RSA/DSA problem DNSSEC has.

Are we still considering rearranging the IPv6 packet format to put destination
address first?  After all if the whole thing's still so experimental that we
don't know what features it has or how we will deliver them, let's see the
WHOLE laundry list.  (I don't think IPv6 could stand that kind of scrutiny,
but then, neither could IPv4 if it were proposed today.)

Hint to whoever is in charge: the time to debate A6's merits at this level
was: before it got put on the standards track, before a lot of code got
written, and before a lot of operational deployment was put into various
long and expensive pipelines.
-- 
Paul Vixie <vixie@eng.paix.net>
President, PAIX.Net Inc. (MFNX.O)


to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
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	Jim Bound <seamus@bit-net.com>, Matt Crawford <crawdad@fnal.gov>,
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Subject: Re: (ngtrans) Joint DNSEXT & NGTRANS summary 
In-Reply-To: Message from Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino <itojun@iijlab.net> of "Wed,
	08 Aug 2001 01:20:00 +0900."
	<20010807162000.AC56F7BA@starfruit.itojun.org> 
Date: Tue, 07 Aug 2001 10:48:17 -0700
From: Paul A Vixie <paul@vix.com>
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> 	i have a major concern with AAAA synthesis - which is, it is unclear
> 	as to who needs to AAAA synthesis.  the concern is mentioned
> 	in my draft.
> 
> 	- you can't guarantee every first-hop DNS server to do AAAA synthesis.
> 	- if anyone does not, AAAA queries go into non-first-hop DNS servers
> 	  by recurse (imagine when pre-BIND9/non-BIND name server is used
> 	  as the first-hop name server).
> 
> 	therefore, AAAA synthesis basically asks everyone to run AAAA and A6
> 	in parallel, which raises a lot of concerns (query delays if you query
> 	both, database maintenance cost if you maintain both in zone, no-sign
> 	if you synthesize, and a lot of others).

i would much rather deal with those problems, since they are solvable, then
to deal with non-renumberable 128 bit addresses, since they simply lead to
NAT.

i cannot emphasize strongly enough that vast numbers of transit-consumers
who lack the various powers needed to own portable address space will NOT
deploy globally addressable IPv6 space if it simply means that they will
become even more captive of their ipv6-transit providers than they are of
their ipv4-transit providers today.

the gprs and other mobile data providers are mostly going to be able to
own portable address space so they don't care about this issue.

but for "the enterprise" this is a real problem.

if ipv6 is no easier to renumber than ipv4, then we're going to see large
scale NAT.  much larger scale NAT than we see today.

being a captive customer of some transit provider when you only have an
ipv4 /24 or even a /20 that you have to renumber if you change providers
has difficulty N.  being a captive customer of some transit provider when
you have an ipv6 /64 to renumber if you change providers has difficulty
N*(2^44).  if NAT is used then the difficulty in either case is a constant,
and for that matter, it's the same constant.

so, "let's standardize both and let the market decide."

but right now i'm hearing three camps trying to kill A6:

	implementors who consider bitstring, A6, and DNAME "too hard to do"

	transit providers who like the idea of captive ipv6 /64 customers

	transit customers who have enough power to own their own ipv6 blocks

who in this mix is representing the interests of the average MIS manager?
(and who do you think is going to drive the ipv6 economy, anyhow?)

this debate borders on "simply unbelievable."


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From: Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>
To: v6ops@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: renumbering 
In-Reply-To: Message from Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino <itojun@iijlab.net> of "Wed,
	18 Sep 2002 05:33:13 +0900."
	<20020917203313.99C317BA@starfruit.itojun.org> 
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> 	i have renumbered my home (/48) more than a couple of times without
> 	any problem.  yes, it may not extend naturally to enterprise network 
> 	where # of nodes are 10^4, but anyway,
> 	- IPv6 address autoconfiguration
> 	- multiple IPv6 address per interface
> 	- source/destination address selection
> 	makes renumbering so much easier than IPv4 case.  you just need to be
> 	careful about DNS TTL and RA address/prefix lifetime.

there's no question that it's easier than the ipv4 case.  congrats are
in order on that point.

however, at size 10**4 and above, renumbering of this kind will be 
expensive.  and at size 10**5 and above, it will be constant/overlapping.

my point was, that's a big reason why folks will ask "why not just use NAT?"

now i'm thinking, please don't make NAT any harder than it already is.

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>> So if we are to speak of needing a new layer above IP but before
>> transport processing then that will be a new virtual layer.
>> 
>> Also realize that what we do not want to do is create a bottlneck making
>> the middle virtual layers fat and slow either.

    In the spirit of modularity, you could implement the shim in one of the
    following OS process models (ignore kernel versus user space for now):

    (1) As a library called from the TCP/UDP process in both ingress and egress
        directions.

    (2) As a library called from the IP process in both ingress and egress
       directions.

    (3) As a separte process where on egress from TCP/UDP and ingress from IP,
        would use an IPC mechanism. As well as the separate shim process being
        an egress to both TCP/UDP and IP (for each packet direction).

    (4) A library which is shared by both the TCP/UDP and IP processes.

    It would be real nice if (3) could be avoided. And would be nice if
    the shim6 working group would decide if this is a transport function or
    an network layer function so (4) could be avoided.

    So what do people think, can this be implemented as (1) or (2)?

Dino
      
    

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From: David Barak <thegameiam@yahoo.com>
Subject: RE: [arch-d] Mobility and multi-homing: Summary and going  forward
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--- Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net> wrote:

> 
> >The whole Shim6 discussion boils down to using
> >host-based rather than network-based failover
> >mechanisa, and so a useful scaling property of the
> >current Internet is lost (that hosts don't need
> >routing information).
> 
> 
> I have to make the comment that this is not  the
> case - shim6 exploits 
> multiple router advertisements with multiple
> prefixes in order to gain host 
> knowledge of available address prefixes, but does
> not rely on the 
> propagation of routing information to individual
> hosts. I 'd gently suggest 
> that you may want to read through the shim6 working
> drafts before advancing 
> such perspectives on this particular approach to
> multi-homing and the more 
> general area of  advancing identity / locator
> semantic distinctions.

I re-read the drafts, and while "routing information"
was not the proper choice of words, I stand by my
assertion that Shim6 is a host-based, rather than
network-based, failover mechanism.  State information
is maintained in a host to address network failures,
rather than these events being transparent to the
hosts, as they are currently.  

>From draft-ietf-shim6-applicability-00:
"State information relating to the multi-homing of two
endpoints exchanging unicast traffic is retained on
the endpoints themselves, rather than in the network."

In fact, looking at RFC 4177, pretty much all of the
multi-homing options other than "routing" imply that
hosts must maintain a significant amount of
information about network state.  That these
approaches are more complex (for the host) than the
current approaches is indisputable.  Whether or not
this complexity is worth it is a matter of opinion.  

I would assert that locational information belongs at
layer 3 (and to a lesser/more limited extent, below
that), while identity information should belong to
higher layers.  

My original complaint was that too many functions were
being crammed into IPv6, and that the benefits of the
layered approach were being lost.  

-David Barak-
-Fully RFC 1925 Compliant-


		
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From architecture-discuss-bounces@ietf.org Sat Nov 12 22:41:47 2005
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At 12:53 PM 13/11/2005, David Barak wrote:


>--- Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net> wrote:
>
> >
> > >The whole Shim6 discussion boils down to using
> > >host-based rather than network-based failover
> > >mechanisa, and so a useful scaling property of the
> > >current Internet is lost (that hosts don't need
> > >routing information).
> >
> >
> > I have to make the comment that this is not  the
> > case - shim6 exploits
> > multiple router advertisements with multiple
> > prefixes in order to gain host
> > knowledge of available address prefixes, but does
> > not rely on the
> > propagation of routing information to individual
> > hosts. I 'd gently suggest
> > that you may want to read through the shim6 working
> > drafts before advancing
> > such perspectives on this particular approach to
> > multi-homing and the more
> > general area of  advancing identity / locator
> > semantic distinctions.
>
>I re-read the drafts, and while "routing information"
>was not the proper choice of words, I stand by my
>assertion that Shim6 is a host-based, rather than
>network-based, failover mechanism.


Absolutely!  That's they way it was designed, coincidentally. :-)

Regards,

   Geoff




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> Absolutely!  That's they way it was designed, coincidentally. :-)

Trouble is that IPv6 most interesting feature is that it can provide
for large number of internet-connected hosts, that means number of
hosts would increase quite a bit and so per-host multi-homing ends
up being quite expensive to maintain. If any such type of multi-homing
is to exist and be widely used (especially in enterprise and businesses)
it would have to allow for easy network-wide setup & configuration
and without a need to renumber when you change providers.

So, I see the result of current effort is that those businesses would
not actually do per-host multi-homing [even though that is what protocol
would specify] but would use intermediate gateway device. All local
hosts on their network instead of having global ipv6 address would use
some type of shim6 host id and this network device would translate
between those host ids and real IPv6 addresses as well as maintain
proper dns configuration for such lan. Unless I'm mistaken such
setup is called NAT! So the result is that you'd now have special
protocol that would allow to use NAT not only for outgoing traffic
load-balancing (current NAT gateways can already translate into more
then one address pool) but also for incoming traffic multi-homing.

So if you want to introduce and greatly increase use of NAT in IPv6
(as compared to IPv4), please by all means continue with shim6!

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Networks
william@elan.net

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From architecture-discuss-bounces@ietf.org Sat Nov 12 23:25:01 2005
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From: "william(at)elan.net" <william@elan.net>
To: Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net>
Subject: RE: [arch-d] Mobility and multi-homing: Summary and going   forward
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On Sat, 12 Nov 2005, william(at)elan.net wrote:

> So, I see the result of current effort is that those businesses would
> not actually do per-host multi-homing [even though that is what protocol
> would specify] but would use intermediate gateway device. All local
> hosts on their network instead of having global ipv6 address would use
> some type of shim6 host id and this network device would translate
> between those host ids and real IPv6 addresses as well as maintain
> proper dns configuration for such lan. Unless I'm mistaken such
> setup is called NAT! So the result is that you'd now have special
> protocol that would allow to use NAT not only for outgoing traffic
> load-balancing (current NAT gateways can already translate into more
> then one address pool) but also for incoming traffic multi-homing.
>
> So if you want to introduce and greatly increase use of NAT in IPv6
> (as compared to IPv4), please by all means continue with shim6!

BTW - I'm not at all saying such shim6 multi-homed NATed lan is bad idea
(it may well be that wonderful application that makes ipv6 tick and useful 
to the point that everyone would quickly abandon v4 :), but this really
would mean new layer for the Internet TCP/IP network and we better bet 
prepared and do proper architecture and modeling for such design.

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Networks
william@elan.net

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Subject: RE: [arch-d] Mobility and multi-homing: Summary and going forward
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From: "Bound, Jim" <Jim.Bound@hp.com>
To: "Dino Farinacci" <dino@cisco.com>
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 =20
> >> So if we are to speak of needing a new layer above IP but before
> >> transport processing then that will be a new virtual layer.
> >>=20
> >> Also realize that what we do not want to do is create a=20
> bottlneck making
> >> the middle virtual layers fat and slow either.
>=20
>     In the spirit of modularity, you could implement the shim=20
> in one of the
>     following OS process models (ignore kernel versus user=20
> space for now):
>=20
>     (1) As a library called from the TCP/UDP process in both=20
> ingress and egress
>         directions.

I think work will need to be done closer to IP thus just tcp/udp library
will choke the transport for threading (trying to ignore kernel vs user
space).

>=20
>     (2) As a library called from the IP process in both=20
> ingress and egress
>        directions.

As much as I don't like the steve deering mid-life-bulge of the hour
glass model I think this is most optimal.  We could just write it in
assembly instruction and go back to a real programming language :--).
But open to more of this kind of good talk.

>=20
>     (3) As a separte process where on egress from TCP/UDP and=20
> ingress from IP,
>         would use an IPC mechanism. As well as the separate=20
> shim process being
>         an egress to both TCP/UDP and IP (for each packet direction).

Ouch agree with Dino below.

>=20
>     (4) A library which is shared by both the TCP/UDP and IP=20
> processes.

This will create major lock contention and/or additional data structures
thus adding more space for a virtual layer and cannot see the time
advantage for execution except in the most optimal case after set up.

>=20
>     It would be real nice if (3) could be avoided. And would=20
> be nice if
>     the shim6 working group would decide if this is a=20
> transport function or
>     an network layer function so (4) could be avoided.

I agree this is work to be hard core nailed down in shim6 and with other
comments above.

>=20
>     So what do people think, can this be implemented as (1) or (2)?

Today I like 2.

/jim
>=20
> Dino
>      =20
>    =20
>=20

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Subject: RE: [arch-d] Mobility and multi-homing: Summary and going forward
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Correction below.  I don't want to contribute to the mid-life-bulge of
the hour glass. I actually believe totally in Steve's explanation of the
hour glass model and affect.  But I see no choice today.
sorry,
/jim=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: architecture-discuss-bounces@ietf.org=20
> [mailto:architecture-discuss-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Bound, Jim
> Sent: Monday, November 14, 2005 11:17 PM
> To: Dino Farinacci
> Cc: architecture-discuss@ietf.org; pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com
> Subject: RE: [arch-d] Mobility and multi-homing: Summary and=20
> going forward
>=20
>  =20
> > >> So if we are to speak of needing a new layer above IP but before
> > >> transport processing then that will be a new virtual layer.
> > >>=20
> > >> Also realize that what we do not want to do is create a=20
> > bottlneck making
> > >> the middle virtual layers fat and slow either.
> >=20
> >     In the spirit of modularity, you could implement the shim=20
> > in one of the
> >     following OS process models (ignore kernel versus user=20
> > space for now):
> >=20
> >     (1) As a library called from the TCP/UDP process in both=20
> > ingress and egress
> >         directions.
>=20
> I think work will need to be done closer to IP thus just=20
> tcp/udp library
> will choke the transport for threading (trying to ignore=20
> kernel vs user
> space).
>=20
> >=20
> >     (2) As a library called from the IP process in both=20
> > ingress and egress
> >        directions.
>=20
> As much as I don't like the steve deering mid-life-bulge of the hour
> glass model I think this is most optimal.  We could just write it in
> assembly instruction and go back to a real programming language :--).
> But open to more of this kind of good talk.
>=20
> >=20
> >     (3) As a separte process where on egress from TCP/UDP and=20
> > ingress from IP,
> >         would use an IPC mechanism. As well as the separate=20
> > shim process being
> >         an egress to both TCP/UDP and IP (for each packet=20
> direction).
>=20
> Ouch agree with Dino below.
>=20
> >=20
> >     (4) A library which is shared by both the TCP/UDP and IP=20
> > processes.
>=20
> This will create major lock contention and/or additional data=20
> structures
> thus adding more space for a virtual layer and cannot see the time
> advantage for execution except in the most optimal case after set up.
>=20
> >=20
> >     It would be real nice if (3) could be avoided. And would=20
> > be nice if
> >     the shim6 working group would decide if this is a=20
> > transport function or
> >     an network layer function so (4) could be avoided.
>=20
> I agree this is work to be hard core nailed down in shim6 and=20
> with other
> comments above.
>=20
> >=20
> >     So what do people think, can this be implemented as (1) or (2)?
>=20
> Today I like 2.
>=20
> /jim
> >=20
> > Dino
> >      =20
> >    =20
> >=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Architecture-discuss mailing list
> Architecture-discuss@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/architecture-discuss
>=20

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If we should add new architecture components when thinking of
implementation and time to market do we consider that NICs will offload
the IP stack from current OS IP stacks for some use cases and already in
process. I believe for 10GbE OS stacks can keep up but when 100GbE
happens that will be different. Optimal IP stack code base has a
different slant, and that can affect the deployment of any architecture
too.  Or it can be ignored?  Just food for thought up in the sky looking
down.

/jim

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> If we should add new architecture components when thinking of
> implementation and time to market do we consider that NICs will  
> offload
> the IP stack from current OS IP stacks for some use cases and  
> already in
> process. I believe for 10GbE OS stacks can keep up but when 100GbE
> happens that will be different. Optimal IP stack code base has a
> different slant, and that can affect the deployment of any  
> architecture
> too.  Or it can be ignored?  Just food for thought up in the sky  
> looking
> down.


In a distant previous life, I spent some time hacking the CMU TCP  
stack for
VMS to work with a vendor's TCP accelerator board because everyone  
'knew'
that general purpose CPUs could never, ever keep up with 10Mb/s.  ;-)

While I'm painfully aware that general purpose silicon is reaching a  
technology
asymptote, I would strongly suggest that we work hard to NOT optimize  
around
a particular generation of technology and open ourselves to the  
thought that
whatever we do, our grandchildren will have to implement the result  
on their
latest and greatest Mr. Fusion powered, LOX cooled, hyper-processor.

Tony


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To: David Barak <thegameiam@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: [arch-d] Mobility and multi-homing: Summary and going forward 
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	11 Nov 2005 06:32:36 PST."
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David Barak <thegameiam@yahoo.com> writes:

> The whole reason for a /64 being a "host" address is to incorporate
> MAC information into the IPv6 address: that bridges L2 and L3.

While true at one level, there is no architectural motivation here or
any real bridging of L2 and L3. It just so happens that MAC addrs had
desirable properties that stateless address autoconf needed.  That is,
the motivation was to allow direct inclusion of an IEEE EUI-64
Identifier into an address created via Stateless Addrconf. The
assumption was that IEEE EUI-64 Identifiers would be a
widely-available and globally unique.  And indeed, there are L2
technologies today that include an IEEE identifier, but don't use them
as link-layer addrs. Stateless addr conf assumes that the Interface
Identifier part of the address will be unique with high probability so
that it doesn't have to worry (much) about creating duplicate
addresses. Hence, it only detects (via DAD) duplicate addreses and
makes no attempt to generate alternative addresses in the case of a
duplicate.

I might agree with your assertion if IPv6 did away with ND and simply
extracted the L2 address from an IPv6 address when doing address
resolution. But that is not done.

> IPv6 has absorbed several other protocols (DHCP, IPSec, GRE) in an
> attempt to be all things to all people.

Um, this is a hard one to swallow. DHCP is not "absorbed" by
IPv6. It's pretty much standalone, just like in IPv4. And last I
checked, IPSec is pretty much the same in IPv4 and IPv6 (modulo
differences in address size). Finally, remind me, what part of IPv6
uses (much less mandates) the use of GRE?

Thomas

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Subject: Re: [arch-d] Mobility and multi-homing: Summary and going forward 
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Hi Paul.

> it seems that a goodly portion of the historical record on this has
> been lost, or perhaps just not passed on by father to son.  here are
> some of the comments i made when IPv6's original "rapid renumbering"
> requirement was thrown out as a way to make it more (cough) rapidly
> deployable.

You've made this assertion before. But if we're going to talk about
the historical record, can you remind me of where the "rapid
renumbering" requirement actually comes from, and who actually made
it? RFC 1752 (The Recommendation for the IP Next Generation Protocol)
doesn't seem to list it as a requirement.

Does IPv6 make renumbering easier? Almost certainly. Does it make it
trivial or painless? Certainly not.  How much easier is renumbering in
IPv6 compared to IPv4? Hard to say, since we have little
experience. Moreover, the pain of renumbering certainly varies
depending on what it is you are renumbering. I'd say that renumbering
end hosts is easier in IPv6 than IPv4. But just how much is a tad
subjective...

Is it easier to renumber the network infrastructure in IPv6, e.g.,
routers?  This is less clear. I'd again say yes, because being able to
run both an old and new prefix in parallel while transitioning works
better in IPv6 than IPv4. (Having IP stacks support multiple addresses
is something that IPv6 certainly does better archtecturally -- it's
designed in - compared with IPv4, where its support is ad-hoc and not
uniform.) But certainly it's not free or painless, and there are few
automated tools for renumbering an IPv6 infrastructure, at least not
yet.

> it gives me no pride or pleasure to have been right in my various
> predictions.  i'm only sending these again so that those of you who
> weren't involved in 1996 can have some context as you unearth all
> these supposedly-dead issues.  had we stuck with A6/DNAME, we'd be
> ~done by now.  instead, we're ~starting ~over.

If you are suggesting that all that is needed to make renumbering easy
in IPv6 as something like A6/DNAME, I disagree. While having A6/DNAME
might help some, it is by no means sufficient. The hard part of
renumbering is not the DNS, but actually renumbering the
infrastructure and getting everyone to stop using the old addresses in
favor of the new ones. I don't know of any way to do that "rapidly".

Sure, getting applications to switch to new addresses is something the
DNS can help with, but unless you want to break caching (by using very
short RR TTLs) the idea of doing a "rapid update" in DNS is a
non-starter. And once you've accepted that renumbering is not an
instantaneous event, but involves an overlap/transition period where
both the old and new addresses work for a period of days or weeks, the
need for A6 becomes much less apparent. IIRC, one of the original
arguments for why A6 wasn't really that compelling was that at least
some of its benefits could be achieved via better DNS config file
tools. For example, allowing AAAA RRs to be specified as being
composed of components (rather than a complete address), one of which
was the network prefix would simplify the task of updating config
files, in that updating the DNS when renumbering would consist of just
updating a single prefix as opposed to updating every AAAA entry via
global substitute.

Thomas

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From architecture-discuss-bounces@ietf.org Wed Nov 16 10:59:49 2005
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Should we be talking with or getting participation from the GENI project
(one key member is Dave Clark) as input to architecture discussion, and
the analysis done by NSF on current Barriers to network evolution.  Note
this is being discussed in other technical forums besides the IETF
concerned with the Internet for future deployment and NGNs.  At some
point we may want to consider liaison relationships with those other
forums.

/jim

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From architecture-discuss-bounces@ietf.org Wed Nov 16 11:07:09 2005
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   In this regard a suggestion from a lurker is the final technical
report of the DARPA NewArch project available here:

http://www.isi.edu/newarch/

- Jeremy


On Wed, 16 Nov 2005, Bound, Jim wrote:

> Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2005 10:59:21 -0500
> From: "Bound, Jim" <Jim.Bound@hp.com>
> To: architecture-discuss@ietf.org
> Subject: [arch-d] GENI Project and NSF Barriers Ontology
> 
> Should we be talking with or getting participation from the GENI project
> (one key member is Dave Clark) as input to architecture discussion, and
> the analysis done by NSF on current Barriers to network evolution.  Note
> this is being discussed in other technical forums besides the IETF
> concerned with the Internet for future deployment and NGNs.  At some
> point we may want to consider liaison relationships with those other
> forums.
>
> /jim
>
> _______________________________________________
> Architecture-discuss mailing list
> Architecture-discuss@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/architecture-discuss
>

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Bound, Jim wrote:
> Should we be talking with or getting participation from the GENI project
> (one key member is Dave Clark) as input to architecture discussion, and
> the analysis done by NSF on current Barriers to network evolution. 

Neither FIND nor GENI are projects.

FIND (Future Internet Design) is one of four components of the upcoming
NeTS program call for proposals (due end Nov), and is aimed at
architecture research.

GENI is a large, proposed testbed initiative program on which to test
architectures, not an architecture research effort per se.

In both cases, analysis was done by individuals who are probably already
lurking on this list.

Joe
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At 20:07 18/11/2005, Joe Touch wrote:
>Neither FIND nor GENI are projects.
>
>FIND (Future Internet Design) is one of four components of the upcoming
>NeTS program call for proposals (due end Nov), and is aimed at
>architecture research.

Joe,
could you please provide an URL where this NeTS program is 
authoritatively decribed?
thank you.
jfc



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NeTS:

http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=12765

(FIND is inside NeTS)

- ----

GENI:

http://www.nsf.gov/cise/geni/

Joe

JFC (Jefsey) Morfin wrote:
> At 20:07 18/11/2005, Joe Touch wrote:
> 
>> Neither FIND nor GENI are projects.
>>
>> FIND (Future Internet Design) is one of four components of the upcoming
>> NeTS program call for proposals (due end Nov), and is aimed at
>> architecture research.
> 
> 
> Joe,
> could you please provide an URL where this NeTS program is
> authoritatively decribed?
> thank you.
> jfc
> 
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At 22:08 18/11/2005, Joe Touch wrote:
>NeTS:
>http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=12765
>(FIND is inside NeTS)
>
>GENI:
>http://www.nsf.gov/cise/geni/

Thank you.
Such projects are US oriented. There also are European, Chinese, etc. 
projects. Plus the ITU. Plus now the open use efforts which may 
result from direct responses to the IGF's demands.

How do you see the IAB and IETF in this context? How would this fit 
with RFC 3935 wich relates the IETF to the current Internet and to 
its core values, which are a mix of ethic and technical orientations 
other projects do not refer to. For example, do you think that we 
should investigate an evolution of the current architecture or a new 
architecture and then the transition?

all the best
jfc


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Subject: Re: [arch-d] NIC Offload Affect
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> In a distant previous life, I spent some time hacking the CMU TCP  
> stack for
> VMS to work with a vendor's TCP accelerator board because everyone  
> 'knew'
> that general purpose CPUs could never, ever keep up with 10Mb/s.  ;-)
>
> While I'm painfully aware that general purpose silicon is reaching  
> a technology
> asymptote, I would strongly suggest that we work hard to NOT  
> optimize around
> a particular generation of technology and open ourselves to the  
> thought that
> whatever we do, our grandchildren will have to implement the result  
> on their
> latest and greatest Mr. Fusion powered, LOX cooled, hyper-processor.

I agree.

Further, from one of my previous lives, the bottleneck was  
efficiently moving the data to user space, not the actual protocol  
processing.  Moving the protocol processing outboard tends to make  
this harder as it moves the control further away from where it is  
needed.

Bob


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just so all know I threw this out for thought only. I have many views on
this topic and also there are new models being developed to improve host
ip stack kernel processing avoidance of copy and placing data directly
on processors etc.  what I am concerned about is 4 years from now
100GbE.  will our architecture sustain what it needs to on a host or
embedded software system.  So when we add shims and new layers and new
processing that has to be called out from the stack that has performance
cost. Keeping the deering hourglass and the middle not bulging is I
think very important.
/jim

> -----Original Message-----
> From: architecture-discuss-bounces@ietf.org=20
> [mailto:architecture-discuss-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Bob Hinden
> Sent: Tuesday, November 22, 2005 5:59 PM
> To: Tony Li
> Cc: architecture-discuss@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [arch-d] NIC Offload Affect
>=20
>=20
> > In a distant previous life, I spent some time hacking the CMU TCP =20
> > stack for
> > VMS to work with a vendor's TCP accelerator board because everyone =20
> > 'knew'
> > that general purpose CPUs could never, ever keep up with=20
> 10Mb/s.  ;-)
> >
> > While I'm painfully aware that general purpose silicon is reaching =20
> > a technology
> > asymptote, I would strongly suggest that we work hard to NOT =20
> > optimize around
> > a particular generation of technology and open ourselves to the =20
> > thought that
> > whatever we do, our grandchildren will have to implement=20
> the result =20
> > on their
> > latest and greatest Mr. Fusion powered, LOX cooled, hyper-processor.
>=20
> I agree.
>=20
> Further, from one of my previous lives, the bottleneck was =20
> efficiently moving the data to user space, not the actual protocol =20
> processing.  Moving the protocol processing outboard tends to make =20
> this harder as it moves the control further away from where it is =20
> needed.
>=20
> Bob
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Architecture-discuss mailing list
> Architecture-discuss@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/architecture-discuss
>=20

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> on processors etc.  what I am concerned about is 4 years from now
> 100GbE.  will our architecture sustain what it needs to on a host or
> embedded software system.  So when we add shims and new layers and new
> processing that has to be called out from the stack that has performance
> cost. Keeping the deering hourglass and the middle not bulging is I
> think very important.

I suspect that the on-/off-board question merely makes it easier to think of 
issues to focus on.  So it's not so much that it creates special problems, 
but perhaps it gets us thinking about thinks with some better focus.

Bob H's comments about memory processing vs. protocol processing is a good 
example.  Have there been serious host processing efficiency proposals that 
purport to do better?

I suspect the issue with a shim layer is going to be per-packet additional 
overhead, versus per "host-pair" or "per-session" or the like.

Are there specific problems already expected?

d/
-- 

Dave Crocker
Brandenburg InternetWorking
<http://bbiw.net>

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yes there is work in research area and I just sent mail about one that
may be interesting here being prepared for IEEE but not sure its in the
public domain yet.  will come back on that.

Just in case I agree with Tony we don't want to limit our
ideas/views/vision because of IP stacks or any implementation but just
keep it in mind.

I think considering shim affect is important not saying it should be
precluded.

another emerging use of the architecture will be ad hoc nets for example
radios don't have time to do congestion control between each other
"today" because of energy capability.

also on bob's model our RDMA group is dealing with some of that
currently and how IO and memory can be optimized by architecture
decisions is important I think to the vision equation if we can develop
such an equation.

/jim=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dave Crocker [mailto:dhc@dcrocker.net]=20
> Sent: Tuesday, November 22, 2005 9:39 PM
> To: Bound, Jim
> Cc: Bob Hinden; Tony Li; architecture-discuss@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [arch-d] NIC Offload Affect
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> > on processors etc.  what I am concerned about is 4 years from now
> > 100GbE.  will our architecture sustain what it needs to on a host or
> > embedded software system.  So when we add shims and new=20
> layers and new
> > processing that has to be called out from the stack that=20
> has performance
> > cost. Keeping the deering hourglass and the middle not bulging is I
> > think very important.
>=20
> I suspect that the on-/off-board question merely makes it=20
> easier to think of=20
> issues to focus on.  So it's not so much that it creates=20
> special problems,=20
> but perhaps it gets us thinking about thinks with some better focus.
>=20
> Bob H's comments about memory processing vs. protocol=20
> processing is a good=20
> example.  Have there been serious host processing efficiency=20
> proposals that=20
> purport to do better?
>=20
> I suspect the issue with a shim layer is going to be=20
> per-packet additional=20
> overhead, versus per "host-pair" or "per-session" or the like.
>=20
> Are there specific problems already expected?
>=20
> d/
> --=20
>=20
> Dave Crocker
> Brandenburg InternetWorking
> <http://bbiw.net>
>=20

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Catching up late...

Geoff Huston wrote:
> At 12:53 PM 13/11/2005, David Barak wrote:

...
>> I re-read the drafts, and while "routing information"
>> was not the proper choice of words, I stand by my
>> assertion that Shim6 is a host-based, rather than
>> network-based, failover mechanism.
> 
> 
> 
> Absolutely!  That's they way it was designed, coincidentally. :-)

Indeed, and it was designed to *not* need routing information.
But as has been discussed in recent weeks on shim6, an entirely
possible complement to basic shim6 is to have the routing system
appropriately update address selection preferences in hosts -
that is how shim6 can be made to respond to routing changes,
without needing any knowledge of routing.

Dino Farinacci wrote:
...
 >
 >     (3) As a separte process where on egress from TCP/UDP and ingress from IP,
 >         would use an IPC mechanism. As well as the separate shim process being
 >         an egress to both TCP/UDP and IP (for each packet direction).
 >
 >     (4) A library which is shared by both the TCP/UDP and IP processes.
 >
 >     It would be real nice if (3) could be avoided. And would be nice if
 >     the shim6 working group would decide if this is a transport function or
 >     an network layer function so (4) could be avoided.

The shim by construction preserves the upper layer identifier (a.k.a. address)
used by the transport protocol, so there is no doubt that it's below transport.

OTOH I do expect there will be an enhanced API whereby a transport that needs
to can interact with the shim; SCTP needs that for sure. But that is not
case (4) and doesn't require case (3). I see no reason why the shim can't be
in line with IP packet processing.

     Brian


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Nagahashi Kengo wrote:
> Folks,
> 
> Due to several suggestions(thanks Avri), I would post both lists.
> 
> Background: we've presented crisp-wg about routing registry 
> enabled crisp framework which is XML based query/responce protocol.
> 
> A major discussing point is that routing registry
> is somewhat different with others; address and domain
> are already published as rfc. The reason is that
> address and domain perform clear hierarchy on the other
> hand, routing is not.
> 
> we would really know this argument is true or not from
> the view point of architecture.

It seems to me that until some dramatic breakthrough occurs in
routing theory, by definition the global (BGP) routing information
is flat and not hierarchical. That doesn't mean it can't be
represented in XML; but it will look different.

I assume you are aware of RFC 2622.

     Brian


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From architecture-discuss-bounces@ietf.org Fri Nov 25 05:42:30 2005
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At 10:06 25/11/2005, Brian E Carpenter wrote:
>Nagahashi Kengo wrote:
>>Folks,
>>Due to several suggestions(thanks Avri), I would post both lists.
>>Background: we've presented crisp-wg about routing registry enabled 
>>crisp framework which is XML based query/responce protocol.
>>A major discussing point is that routing registry
>>is somewhat different with others; address and domain
>>are already published as rfc. The reason is that
>>address and domain perform clear hierarchy on the other
>>hand, routing is not.
>>we would really know this argument is true or not from
>>the view point of architecture.
>
>It seems to me that until some dramatic breakthrough occurs in
>routing theory,

I understand the purpose of this very list is to discuss such very 
breakthroughs.
I am not excited about XML except for study and demoing. Do you have 
an URL on your work?
jfc



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Folks, per request from Dave Crocker, over week ago, as example
alternative to hardware NIC offload. I just had to verify paper was
public it is now.

Evaluating Network Processing Efficiency with Processor Partitioning and
Asynchronous I/O

Tim Brechtz, G. (John) Janakiraman, Brian Lynnx, Vikram Saletore, and
Yoshio Turner

(Hewlett Packard Laboratories, Intel Corporation, and University of
Waterloo)

 http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/dca/system/papers/hpl-2005-211.pdf

/jim
 =20
 =20

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