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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Date: Sat, 1 Mar 2003 16:48:34 +0100
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Subject: [Asrg] RMX records
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Hi,

I just subscribed to this list. Since the list archive is still
empty I'd like to initiate a discussion and point to my
draft

  http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-danisch-dns-rr-smtp-00.txt

which suggests introduction of a new DNS record type for a 
simple authorization scheme.

regards
Hadmut
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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
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Since no one else has followed up, I will ask some questions. They are not
meant as complaints, but an RFC doesn't serve well as a persausive
document. 

If respected by receiving MTAs, the proposal would give the owner of the
DNS space in which a host lives control over which servers could originate
SMTP traffic. This seems a reasonable delegation of authority, but is
likely to be controversial. Alternatively, the owner of the IP address
range could be given this authority. Why pick one or the other?

Why this is superior to Adam Filip's proposal (
http://groups.google.com/groups?q=vixie+mx+records+spam&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=3E18B0B3.43939A35%40Andrzej.Adam.Filip&rnum=10
)  to overload the existing MX record? That proposal would also vest
authority in the owner of the domain name. It would seem that requiring
modifications to the DNS system is a substantial additional obstacle to
adoption. Do you have reason to believe that DNS software authors/vendors
would cooperate?

Does the RMX record for relays.danisch.de include all the valid sources of
SMTP traffic for subdomain.danisch.de, or does the receiving server
recurse down to relays.subdomain.danisch.de for that list?

Would you expect operators to reject mail without a valid RMX record? I
can see subtracting a point from the spam score for a valid RMX. It would
be hard to justify to most users rejecting mail entirely. Is that what you
envision? 
  


feenberg at nber.org 



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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 10:20:27 +0100
To: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
Message-ID: <20030303092027.GA3073@danisch.de>
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Hi,

On Sun, Mar 02, 2003 at 07:18:05PM -0500, Daniel Feenberg wrote:
> 
> If respected by receiving MTAs, the proposal would give the owner of the
> DNS space in which a host lives control over which servers could originate
> SMTP traffic.

No. To be more precise:

The proposal would give the owner of the domain which the
senders e-mail address belongs to control over which servers could originate
SMTP traffic.

The proposal quitly assumes that the owner of a domain (i. e. the
one who is able to define zone entries) is the same who is
allowed to decide who may use this domain in a senders address.




> Alternatively, the owner of the IP address
> range could be given this authority. 


No, this would give the key in the attackers hand. 

Since domains and not IP addresses are used in E-Mail addresses
(at this very moment you are reading a message from hadmut@danisch.de,
not from hadmut@213.133.101.23), authorization (at least of the
right hand side of the address) is a matter of domain, not IP address.

The commercial spammers do have control over their own IP address
range. If authority was given to the owner of the IP address, they
could give themselves any authorization they want to have. 
E.g. they simply declare themselves as authorized to use
@hotmail.com, @yahoo.com, @nber.org...

That's the opposite of what you want to have.








> 
> Why this is superior to Adam Filip's proposal (
> http://groups.google.com/groups?q=vixie+mx+records+spam&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=3E18B0B3.43939A35%40Andrzej.Adam.Filip&rnum=10
> )  to overload the existing MX record? That proposal would also vest
> authority in the owner of the domain name. It would seem that requiring
> modifications to the DNS system is a substantial additional obstacle to
> adoption. Do you have reason to believe that DNS software authors/vendors
> would cooperate?

First, MX records are not meant to be used for that. If you want
to keep the Internet working, use things in the way you are supposed
to do. Using them in the reverse way violates the definition of MX.

Second, it doesn't work and it is too much overhead, because there
is one indirection step missing. Assume that I want to authorize 
the relays of my hoster rackland and another set of relays, e.g. 
by an employer or some ISP for originating mails from danisch.de.

If I had to do this in the MX way, I had a lot of trouble figuring
out which relay machines exist and changing it every time the
providers do change it. With my proposal, the RMX record for 
danisch.de would simply give permission to "relays.rackland.de" and
"relays.employer.com", where the admins of rackland and employer
can define the APL records for these domains reasonably. If the IP
address changes or new relays are added, it just takes a single change
instead of modifications of all domains hosted. 

Third, DNS software is ready to be extended. The most important
software is bind9, and this is available as source. So I can (and I
will as soon as APL records are available) provide a patch on my
homepage and pass it to the upstream maintainer. As soon as the 
record type has become a standard, it will be incorporated into the
main distribution. Adding a new record type to a DNS server is not
a big deal. And none of the commercial software vendors wants to
live with a DNS server which doesn't support all record types. 
No, the DNS server software is not the problem. It will be more 
difficult to convince the MTA software vendors. But that's the
same problem as with the MX proposal.






> Does the RMX record for relays.danisch.de include all the valid sources of
> SMTP traffic for subdomain.danisch.de, or does the receiving server
> recurse down to relays.subdomain.danisch.de for that list?

Well, it should work just like normal DNS. 
There would be no RMX record for "relays.danisch.de".

There would be a RMX record for "danisch.de", which points
to relays.rackland.de, which is an APL record containing a
list of the relay machines.


For subdomain.danisch.de there must be another RMX record, as
with MX records. But since DNS supports a very simple form of 
wildcards, a single entry *.danisch.de could cover all one
level subdomains of danisch.de. 

But I agree the next question is what to do with 
sub.domain.danisch.de . Maybe it would be wise to require the
receiving MTA to climb up the domain tree until something is
found.






> Would you expect operators to reject mail without a valid RMX
> record?


I would neither expect them to reject it nor to accept it.

It's just a matter of their policy. 

If a mail comes without any RMX record at all, then this
is a statement like "We don't have a authorization policy".
It's your policy whether you accept this message or not.

If a mail comes with a large RMX record, e.g. 0.0.0.0/0,
thus authorizing the whole world, it's your decision whether
you want to have that mail or not.

If a mail comes with a good RMX record, but from an 
IP address not covered by this record, again, it depends on 
your policy whether to accept or reject that mail. 

Your policy could even depend on the recipients address.
For one recipient you prefer a more tight policy, another
recipient is more relaxed. 


Actually, with my proposal I do not want to block any e-mail.
I want to give the receiver some simple and (at least to
a certain level) reliable information, on which his individual 
decision whether to accept or deny the message can be based.

Don't understand RMX records as a message filter. It's the
domain owners statement about the domains security policy.
It's the receiver's business to block or accept a message.
You're still free to send any message you want to send, but
I become free to not take it.



regards
Hadmut





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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records 
In-Reply-To: Message from Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> 
   of "Mon, 03 Mar 2003 10:20:27 +0100." <20030303092027.GA3073@danisch.de> 
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Hadmut Danisch said:

> On Sun, Mar 02, 2003 at 07:18:05PM -0500, Daniel Feenberg wrote:
> > 
> > If respected by receiving MTAs, the proposal would give the owner of the
> > DNS space in which a host lives control over which servers could originate
> > SMTP traffic.
> 
> No. To be more precise:
> 
> The proposal would give the owner of the domain which the
> senders e-mail address belongs to control over which servers could originate
> SMTP traffic.
> 
> The proposal quitly assumes that the owner of a domain (i. e. the
> one who is able to define zone entries) is the same who is
> allowed to decide who may use this domain in a senders address.

One issue I can see here: if I send mail from my home machine for
mydomain.org, connected using an ISP's dynamic pool of IPs for their DSL
users, then I either 

	(a) need to know that ISP's address ranges

	(b) need to update my RMX records dynamically each time I connect,
	and this needs to match my mail *at the time the recipient checks
	it* (ie potentially breaking the store-and-forward model!)

	(c) need to set up a static-IP deal with the ISP, or buy a colo
	server ;)

	(d) need to use an "allow all" 0/0 mask for mydomain.org.
	
How do we solve this?   Is there another solution?

BTW note that this, in general, does seem to be a very promising approach
(and one that's been mooted a few times before in various forms ;)

cheers,

--j.
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records 
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On Mon, 3 Mar 2003, Justin Mason wrote:

> One issue I can see here: if I send mail from my home machine for
> mydomain.org, connected using an ISP's dynamic pool of IPs for their DSL
> users, then I either

[deletia]

Well, couldn't you relay through your ISP's SMTP server, and put that
server as your RMX record?  This isn't perfect -- it means all of your
ISP's customers could spoof mail from your domain, but it's better than
nothing.

Nevertheless, I do not think RMX records will fly in practice.
There are often legitimate reasons for relaying through other SMTP
servers, such as when you're on the road and using an ISP's global
roaming service.

--
David.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 14:45:26 +0100
To: Justin Mason <jm@jmason.org>
Cc: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
Message-ID: <20030303134526.GA7379@danisch.de>
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On Mon, Mar 03, 2003 at 11:59:52AM +0000, Justin Mason wrote:
> 
> One issue I can see here: if I send mail from my home machine for
> mydomain.org, connected using an ISP's dynamic pool of IPs for their
> DSL



That's one of the bitter pills. As long as anyone with a 
dynamic IP address is able to send mails with your address, then 
there is no difference between the authorized sender and the abusing
attacker. 

Many of the Spam messages I receive are sent from DSL accounts with
dynamically allocated IP addresses. If *you* are allowed to send
mail from jmason.org, then everybody else who can get the same
IP address a few minutes later would be allowed as well (as long as
we glue permissions to IP addresses and omit the time factor).



> users, then I either 
> 
> 	(a) need to know that ISP's address ranges


No, that's why I used the APL records instead of directly using the
address ranges.

It would look like this:

your ISP, lets assume he has the domain isp.com, would have to 
administer some APL records.

That could be something like

    customdynrange.isp.com     covering all its dynamic address ranges 

or
    state.isp.com              if the ISP can determine which address
			       ranges belong to which state

or 
    city.isp.com	       if ranges are limited to a city.



Let's assume you're working somewhere in california with ISP1,
but sometimes you're in New York and working with ISP2.

Then your RMX record could look like this:

jmason.org    IN RMX  (california.isp1.com newyork.isp2.com)

which would still keep the door open for thousands of 
IP addresses, but would block mails from Texas, India, Nepal...





> 	(b) need to update my RMX records dynamically each time I connect,
> 	and this needs to match my mail *at the time the recipient checks
> 	it* (ie potentially breaking the store-and-forward model!)

No, you certainly could do so. Many people use dynamic DNS updates for
their regular home machine anyway. 

Let's assume you have such dynamic update for the machine 
home.jmason.org.

Then your RMX would look like this

jmason.org  IN RMX ( jmason.org )
jmason.org  IN APL ( home.jmason.org )

home.jmason.org IN A  your-dynamic-address

(or maybe the RMX recors should allow host names directly).


Since your dynamic entry home.jmason.org exists for the full time you
have a certain IP address, you will be able to send. Once you drop
the connection, the entry home.jmason.org doesn' exist anymore (or
changes), but since you have lost that certain IP address, this 
is perfectly consistent. And no, it doesn't break the
store-and-forward model, since you can't send e-mail with that
IP address after you've terminated your connection.





> 	(c) need to set up a static-IP deal with the ISP, or buy a colo
> 	server ;)

That would be the best. That's what I do. 



> 	(d) need to use an "allow all" 0/0 mask for mydomain.org.


That's also possible. That's a statement like "I don't want to 
restrict origins for my domain". If you want to do so, that's fine.
But it might be my decision to not accept mails from such a domain
anymore.





> How do we solve this?   Is there another solution?


Yup. Use Cryptography and have a PKI Infrastructure.  Use
challenge-response authentication, mail signatures, or something
alike. But that's far more complicated, has severe vulnerabilities,
and requires updates of virtually every MUA.


My proposal is not the final solution of all problems, but it is
 
- feasible
- cheap
- simple
- effective
- doesn't affect MUAs
- backwards compatible
- easy to implement
- easy to administer and debug
- allows smooth transition
- allows flexible policies

Also, my proposal doesn't claim to be an exclusive solution. 
Maybe you could have something like this:

- If the sender is authorized by the RMX record, accept the
  mail the old way. 

- If not, require authentication by password or a mail signature.





regards
Hadmut

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 14:58:08 +0100
To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
Message-ID: <20030303135808.GB7379@danisch.de>
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On Mon, Mar 03, 2003 at 08:07:45AM -0500, David F. Skoll wrote:
> 
> Well, couldn't you relay through your ISP's SMTP server, and put that
> server as your RMX record?  This isn't perfect -- it means all of your
> ISP's customers could spoof mail from your domain, but it's better than
> nothing.


Well, it would be the responsibility of the ISP's SMTP server to 
somehow check the authenticity of the mail. Some ISP's have SMTP 
servers which always know which customer an IP address is currently 
assigned to. So your customer might restrict usage of your domain 
as a sender address with any mechanism - password authentication, 
single sign-on, your IP address. But that's a black box from an
outside point of view.

Your RMX records could state that your mail comes from this 
certain SMTP server only. How you ensure authenticity within this
server, that's your private business and beyond the scope of the 
draft. But that's a design criteria. In contrast to PKI, I want 
to leave it the domain owner's private business whether and how 
intra-domain-authenticity is checked.





> Nevertheless, I do not think RMX records will fly in practice.
> There are often legitimate reasons for relaying through other SMTP
> servers, such as when you're on the road and using an ISP's global
> roaming service.

Yes, I often heard that argument. But

- What's the technical difference between you on the road and 
  and Spammer? How will you distinguish your mail from a spammers
  mail abusing your domain?

- Even when I'm on the road and using a foreign ISP on the other 
  side of the world, I always drop my email to the very same relay
  machine, simply because thats easier. My notebook doesn't need to 
  bother with DNS queries and temporarily unavailable peers. 
  I drop all my outgoing mail to central host, and this host is 
  doing the job.

  And that's not too much to ask for, because you need a central 
  relay for receiving your mail anyway. How do you receive mail when 
  you're on the road? You need some service provider who receives the
  message for you and allows you to download it. It's not a bad idea
  to do the very same for sending e-mail in reverse direction.

  If you receive e-mail through a central relay, so what's the 
  problem with sending e-mail the very same way?


regards
Hadmut

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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 09:17:16 -0500 (EST)
From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
In-Reply-To: <20030303135808.GB7379@danisch.de>
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 <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303030805510.27352@shishi.roaringpenguin.com>
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On Mon, 3 Mar 2003, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> Your RMX records could state that your mail comes from this
> certain SMTP server only. How you ensure authenticity within this
> server, that's your private business and beyond the scope of the
> draft. But that's a design criteria. In contrast to PKI, I want
> to leave it the domain owner's private business whether and how
> intra-domain-authenticity is checked.

Right.  But a lot of people don't like having to relay through
their ISP's server.  Some ISP's, for example, won't let you send
mail from any domain but theirs.  So I could not send mail from
"dfs@roaringpenguin.com" through my ISP's server; it would
have to be from "dfs@myispdomain.net" or something like that.

> - What's the technical difference between you on the road and
>   and Spammer?

None.

>   How will you distinguish your mail from a spammers
>   mail abusing your domain?

You can't.

> - Even when I'm on the road and using a foreign ISP on the other
>   side of the world, I always drop my email to the very same relay
>   machine, simply because thats easier.

Well, you are technically savvy, so you know how to set up SMTP AUTH to
make this work.  The vast majority of people don't.

[...]

>   If you receive e-mail through a central relay, so what's the
>   problem with sending e-mail the very same way?

In theory, I agree, but in practice, I do not think most people will
go for it.  Also, it's very cheap to register domains and set up RMX
records, so the extra cost to spammers is small.  A spammer that charges
$500 to send out bulk e-mail can easily charge $520 instead, and register
a one-time disposable domain name for the purpose.

Where these kinds of records might help is with the large free e-mail
providers like hotmail, yahoo, etc.  But I already have rules to reject
e-mail from these domains unless the sending host name (a) resolves and
(b) ends in the same domain as the sender domain.  Hotmail and Yahoo are
pretty good about keeping their reverse-DNS records up to date, and this
is very effective.

Widespread use of RMX records would simply make spammers choose not to
fake their e-mail from "hotmail.com" or "yahoo.com".

--
David.
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Hi,

> > One issue I can see here: if I send mail from my home machine for
> > mydomain.org, connected using an ISP's dynamic pool of IPs for their
> > DSL
> 
> That's one of the bitter pills. As long as anyone with a
> dynamic IP address is able to send mails with your address, then
> there is no difference between the authorized sender and the abusing
> attacker.
> 
> Many of the Spam messages I receive are sent from DSL accounts with
> dynamically allocated IP addresses. If *you* are allowed to send
> mail from jmason.org, then everybody else who can get the same
> IP address a few minutes later would be allowed as well (as long as
> we glue permissions to IP addresses and omit the time factor).

but is this really the problem? Most spam-mails with wrong sender
use domains like hotmail or other great freemailers. And this
freemailers doesn't use dynamic IPs. A test on this domains will
reject much more than 50% of spam...

Regards, Reinhold

-- 
                       Reinhold Jordan
WWW: http://reinhold.bachrain.de    Mail: reinhold@bachrain.de
"Do you pine for the nice days of minix-1.1, when men were men
and wrote their own device drivers?"                     Linus
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Reinhold Jordan <reinhold@bachrain.de>
Cc: Anti-Spam Research Group <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
Message-ID: <20030303143630.GA8423@danisch.de>
References: <20030303092027.GA3073@danisch.de> <20030303115957.841E516F18@jmason.org> <20030303134526.GA7379@danisch.de> <3E636524.D62F33B@bachrain.de>
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 15:36:30 +0100

On Mon, Mar 03, 2003 at 03:22:28PM +0100, Reinhold Jordan wrote:
> > 
> > Many of the Spam messages I receive are sent from DSL accounts with
> > dynamically allocated IP addresses. If *you* are allowed to send
> > mail from jmason.org, then everybody else who can get the same
> > IP address a few minutes later would be allowed as well (as long as
> > we glue permissions to IP addresses and omit the time factor).
> 
> but is this really the problem?



Believe me, it is. About a year ago, some Spammers were sending
millions of mails around the world and used random addresses from
my domain as sender addresses. I received tons of complaints and
cursing threats from people who received Spam, but didn't want to 
believe that I don't have anything to do with it.



> Most spam-mails with wrong sender
> use domains like hotmail or other great freemailers. And this
> freemailers doesn't use dynamic IPs. A test on this domains will
> reject much more than 50% of spam...

Yeah, but once you start blocking splam from @hotmail, they will 
start to use any random domain.


regards
Hadmut

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From: Roland <list-asrg@openrbl.org>
To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
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--Hadmut Danisch wrote on 03.03.03 14:45 +0100:

> That's one of the bitter pills. As long as anyone with a 
> dynamic IP address is able to send mails with your address, then 
> there is no difference between the authorized sender and the abusing
> attacker. 

The RMX-record allows the owner of the domain to restrict abuse
of his domain by spammers and alike.
Those who want to limit the forging use the RMX (most likly Yahoo,
Hotmail and Outblaze, and all the others suffering from this).

Many people already accept mail from such often-forged freemail-
domains only from their legitimate hosts.

The real problem will be with forwarding accounts, the envelope-
sender should be replaced with the address of the forwarder.
Maybe you want to include a note about this in your proposal.

> Let's assume you're working somewhere in california with ISP1,
> but sometimes you're in New York and working with ISP2.
> 
> Then your RMX record could look like this:
> 
> jmason.org    IN RMX  (california.isp1.com newyork.isp2.com)

Wildcards would be nice too, and could solve the problem with
dynamically assigned hostnames.

> which would still keep the door open for thousands of 
> IP addresses, but would block mails from Texas, India, Nepal...

Its usually easy to get the abuse stopped if all parties reside
on the same provider. But the proposal should include a note
about possible forgeries of RDNS if the hostnames dont get
double-checked.

>> 	(d) need to use an "allow all" 0/0 mask for mydomain.org.
> 
> That's also possible. That's a statement like "I don't want to 
> restrict origins for my domain". If you want to do so, that's fine.
> But it might be my decision to not accept mails from such a domain
> anymore.

I dont think that should be a part of the proposal.
There are enough domains which will use RMX anyway, and this will
put quite some pressure on the others.
The acceptance would be much better if you not trying to force the
usage of RMX to anybody. And of course everybody is still free
to block whatever he wants on the own server.

>> How do we solve this?   Is there another solution?
> 
> Yup. Use Cryptography and have a PKI Infrastructure.  Use
> challenge-response authentication, mail signatures, or something
> alike. But that's far more complicated, has severe vulnerabilities,
> and requires updates of virtually every MUA.

This actually does not stop the spew at the side of the sender
since the whole message has to be received and parsed for the
cryptographic bits.

The solution probably would need an extended MAIL FROM where the
key of the sender gets appended (like the SIZE extension) to allow
rejection at the RCPT TO (per receipient) without actually receive
and parse the whole content.
The solution should probably also allow for an additional token
to be appended to the RCPT TO, for various reasons.


There is also another problem: if RMX gets widely used spammers
will use empty envelopes which can not be protected by RMX.
How could an RMX-compatible DSN be composed ?

Roland

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Hi,

> > but is this really the problem?
> 
> Believe me, it is. About a year ago, some Spammers were sending
> millions of mails around the world and used random addresses from
> my domain as sender addresses. I received tons of complaints and
> cursing threats from people who received Spam, but didn't want to
> believe that I don't have anything to do with it.

ok, this is an argument. I just see, if I filter freemailers with
wrong IPs, domains without open port 25 and my own domains I get
rid of more than 95% of spam. But I know, if you all use my qmail-
patch, spamers will start new ways to send spam... :(

Regards, Reinhold

-- 
                       Reinhold Jordan
WWW: http://reinhold.bachrain.de    Mail: reinhold@bachrain.de
"Do you pine for the nice days of minix-1.1, when men were men
and wrote their own device drivers?"                     Linus
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Reinhold Jordan <reinhold@bachrain.de>
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> Most spam-mails with wrong sender
> use domains like hotmail or other great freemailers. And this
> freemailers doesn't use dynamic IPs. A test on this domains will
> reject much more than 50% of spam...

spam keeps changing.  block one way of sending spam and there will be
others.  as long as it's cheap/easy to get an Internet account, spammers
will get throwaway accounts.

that and being able to send mail from multiple accounts with the same
return address is quite useful.
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To: Reinhold Jordan <reinhold@bachrain.de>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 10:15:36 -0500
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> ok, this is an argument. I just see, if I filter freemailers with
> wrong IPs, domains without open port 25 and my own domains I get
> rid of more than 95% of spam. 

right now, if I filter out mail with invalid characters in the subject
line, I get rid of more than 75% of the spam I receive.  but sooner or
later spammers will learn to encode in rfc 2047.

spammers interpret filters as damage and route around them.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Roland <list-asrg@openrbl.org>
Cc: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 16:17:51 +0100

On Mon, Mar 03, 2003 at 02:49:28PM +0000, Roland wrote:
> 
> The real problem will be with forwarding accounts, the envelope-
> sender should be replaced with the address of the forwarder.
> Maybe you want to include a note about this in your proposal.

Yup, thanks. Same problem with some mailing list processors, which
leave the envelope sender intact.




> > Let's assume you're working somewhere in california with ISP1,
> > but sometimes you're in New York and working with ISP2.
> > 
> > Then your RMX record could look like this:
> > 
> > jmason.org    IN RMX  (california.isp1.com newyork.isp2.com)
> 
> Wildcards would be nice too, and could solve the problem with
> dynamically assigned hostnames.

At least at a first glance, wildcards don't work.

If the RMX contains *.isp.com, what are you looking for in the
next resolving step? 

You could, of course, try to match the hostname found by reverse
lookup, e.g. do a reverse lookup of address a.b.c.d , and see
if the hostname matches e.g. northpole.isp.com. But that opens
the door for spammers again, since if they have access to their
reverse DNS entry, they can give themselves any name. So you had
to doublecheck this again.

I'd rather avoid making PTR records part of the chain, since they
are a little bit vulnerable to some nonsense, and usually under
someone else's control. 






> >> 	(d) need to use an "allow all" 0/0 mask for mydomain.org.
> > 
> > That's also possible. That's a statement like "I don't want to 
> > restrict origins for my domain". If you want to do so, that's fine.
> > But it might be my decision to not accept mails from such a domain
> > anymore.
> 
> I dont think that should be a part of the proposal.
> There are enough domains which will use RMX anyway, and this will
> put quite some pressure on the others.
> The acceptance would be much better if you not trying to force the
> usage of RMX to anybody. And of course everybody is still free
> to block whatever he wants on the own server.



Ah, sorry, my statement was misleading. With "my decision" I didn't
mean the draft, I was speaking as mail admin. I was talking about
the local policy, not a general rule. 






> This actually does not stop the spew at the side of the sender
> since the whole message has to be received and parsed for the
> cryptographic bits.


I'm currently preparing another draft for a successor of SMTP 
which also addresses this issue. But this is a different story
since it is a new protocol requiring new software.





> The solution probably would need an extended MAIL FROM where the
> key of the sender gets appended (like the SIZE extension) to allow
> rejection at the RCPT TO (per receipient) without actually receive
> and parse the whole content.


Yes, that's a design criterion of my draft. If this is considered
to be within the scope of this working group, I can present a
first, rough version soon.



> The solution should probably also allow for an additional token
> to be appended to the RCPT TO, for various reasons.

Yep, already contained in my draft.




> There is also another problem: if RMX gets widely used spammers
> will use empty envelopes which can not be protected by RMX.
> How could an RMX-compatible DSN be composed ?


That's a pretty good question. Introducing empty envelopes
was a pretty bad idea, especially in context of SMTP which presents
envelop addresses only before transmission of the message.

That's a diffent problem we'll have to discuss. Unfortunately, 
it will be difficult to disestablish empty envelopes in 
common SMTP.


regards
Hadmut

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Hi,

> right now, if I filter out mail with invalid characters in the subject
> line, I get rid of more than 75% of the spam I receive.  but sooner or
> later spammers will learn to encode in rfc 2047.

but there is a little dirrerence between your filter and mine.
You got the traffic and me not.

> spammers interpret filters as damage and route around them.

I see this as a "sport" - are they better or me ;)

Regards, Reinhold

-- 
                       Reinhold Jordan
WWW: http://reinhold.bachrain.de    Mail: reinhold@bachrain.de
"Do you pine for the nice days of minix-1.1, when men were men
and wrote their own device drivers?"                     Linus
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Reinhold Jordan <reinhold@bachrain.de>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
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> but there is a little dirrerence between your filter and mine.
> You got the traffic and me not.

important observation - different sites get different kinds of spam.

> > spammers interpret filters as damage and route around them.
> 
> I see this as a "sport" - are they better or me ;)

that's fine if you enjoy that kind of sport.

Keith
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Date: Mon, 03 Mar 2003 09:40:07 -0600

At 10:15 AM 3/3/03 -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
>spammers interpret filters as damage and route around them.

It seems to me that if we could get the 0.01% (or whatever the
figure is) of people who respond to spam to stop it, the problem
would go away on its own.  There has to be a cost benefit to
spamming in order for it to continue.

RGF

Robert G. Ferrell
rgferrell@direcway.com

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
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Hi,

> > but there is a little dirrerence between your filter and mine.
> > You got the traffic and me not.
> 
> important observation - different sites get different kinds of spam.

what do you mean? What I say is, I check for spam _bevor_ it is
transfered. If you check the subject, you can only do this, _after_
it is transfered.

> that's fine if you enjoy that kind of sport.

:)

Regards, Reinhold

-- 
                       Reinhold Jordan
WWW: http://reinhold.bachrain.de    Mail: reinhold@bachrain.de
"Do you pine for the nice days of minix-1.1, when men were men
and wrote their own device drivers?"                     Linus
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Date: Mon, 03 Mar 2003 16:46:37 +0100
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Reinhold Jordan wrote:

>>spammers interpret filters as damage and route around them.
> 
> 
> I see this as a "sport" - are they better or me ;)

Sorry, this is not a sport. This is a
duty to detect emails from the noice. ;(

This problem can only resolved with political
rules and technical settings over many ISP's!

Jens

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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
cc: Reinhold Jordan <reinhold@bachrain.de>,
        Anti-Spam Research Group <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 10:29:34 -0500 (EST)



On Mon, 3 Mar 2003, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> 
> Believe me, it is. About a year ago, some Spammers were sending
> millions of mails around the world and used random addresses from
> my domain as sender addresses. I received tons of complaints and
> cursing threats from people who received Spam, but didn't want to 
> believe that I don't have anything to do with it.
> 

Actually the proposal is very helpfull in this regard. Whereas now any
spammer can forge your address from any injection point, if the proposal
were widely accepted, then only the next person on your IP address could
forge your address, and I am not sure how easily he could arrange to be in
this position. He can look up your authorized smtp sending IP address
easily enough, but how easy would it be for him to get the providor to
issue that address to him? Would Radius or DHCP hand them out at random,
or could he bias the result in some way to raise his chances of getting
your old address?

Somehow it seems more practical to just buy a domain name and use it till
the spam filters catch on, although $10 is probably significant for many
spammers.

By this reasoning, the proposal could succeed at providing authentication
without actually reducing spam. Which is not a condemnation.

One thing to remember is that no single action will eliminate spam, but
some combination will. We have to ask "is this going to be part of the
combination"?





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From: "Johan Louwers" <Suntac@dds.nl>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <20030303092027.GA3073@danisch.de> <20030303115957.841E516F18@jmason.org> <20030303134526.GA7379@danisch.de> <3E636524.D62F33B@bachrain.de> <20030303143630.GA8423@danisch.de>
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Subject: [Asrg] RMX Records -- waterproof?
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New to the list.........
dear all, new to the list and trying to get up and running with the
discussion so i am aboute to ask some strange questions.....

What do we want to do? Find a way to eliminate or at least downsize the
number of spam messages running around on the internet. We "think" most of
the spammers will make use of "stolen" domain names. Is this so? and if
so.... are there researche papers to prove this? Are we 100% sure we are
looking at the correct problem?

Let say we are........
how to avoid people to send mail in name of a domain that they are not
permitted to? The sugestion (in very short) is to enable the recieving mail
server to check at the sending mail server that the original sending party
(the client/spammer) is allowd to send mail in name of this domain. correct?

Ok lets say, (the situation in holland) I am driving on the freeway and i
pullover at the gasstation. I get me a couple of free internet account CD's
go home install a couple of accounts get a mail adres and start sending SPAM
mail, after sending the mail i simpley delete the account an start using the
next free account...... The recieving mail server is checking with the
sending mail server of my free-ISP to look if the IP adres is allowd to send
mail in name of @freeISP.nl I am allowd to send mail ... so the spam is out
in the world and i just have bypassed the solution........

The next situation. Lets say i am the owner of www.veryhornypreteengirls.com
and i like to SPAM mail to a list of people. My @veryhornypreteengirls.com
mail server is placed someware in a third world country so i do not have to
worry aboute the law. I send out my spam mail the recieving server is
checking with my mail server and i am allowd to sendout the mail so the spam
is on the internet.

The checking part of reciecing server checking sending server is a good plan
to avoid a lot of spam mail it is only not enough. You also need a
"centralized" way to check if the sending domain is a "trusted" domain. You
must have the option to aloow or deny the mails from mail servers on this
list.

Just some of the things I was thinking aboute...... :-)

Regards,
Johan.











------------------------------------------------
There are only 10 types of people in the world:
Those who understand binary and those who don't.
----- Original Message -----
From: "Hadmut Danisch" <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: "Reinhold Jordan" <reinhold@bachrain.de>
Cc: "Anti-Spam Research Group" <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, March 03, 2003 3:36 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records


> On Mon, Mar 03, 2003 at 03:22:28PM +0100, Reinhold Jordan wrote:
> > >
> > > Many of the Spam messages I receive are sent from DSL accounts with
> > > dynamically allocated IP addresses. If *you* are allowed to send
> > > mail from jmason.org, then everybody else who can get the same
> > > IP address a few minutes later would be allowed as well (as long as
> > > we glue permissions to IP addresses and omit the time factor).
> >
> > but is this really the problem?
>
>
>
> Believe me, it is. About a year ago, some Spammers were sending
> millions of mails around the world and used random addresses from
> my domain as sender addresses. I received tons of complaints and
> cursing threats from people who received Spam, but didn't want to
> believe that I don't have anything to do with it.
>
>
>
> > Most spam-mails with wrong sender
> > use domains like hotmail or other great freemailers. And this
> > freemailers doesn't use dynamic IPs. A test on this domains will
> > reject much more than 50% of spam...
>
> Yeah, but once you start blocking splam from @hotmail, they will
> start to use any random domain.
>
>
> regards
> Hadmut
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Keith Moore wrote:
> spammers interpret filters as damage and route around them. 
	Or, learn how to pierce through them...
	Others have used the sport analogy, still others refer to it as
war. In any case, spam filters that rely on analysis of messages
contents are simply not the solution -- no matter how strongly marketed
they may be and no matter how interesting the construction of filtering
systems may be to college students.

	The best we can expect from spam filters that rely on textual
analysis is an ever escalating "arms race" where email recipients deploy
ever more complex and sophisticated spam filters to defend against
spammers whose methods grow continuously more complex and sophisticated.
Even the "learning" filter systems, based on Bayesian logic, etc., which
are so greatly touted these days, cannot hope to defend effectively
against spammers who use "learning" techniques to discover what the
filters have learned. When the offense and defense both have the same
tools available to them, an arms race is the most expected result. And,
an arms race does little but cripple all involved by forcing them to
spend more and more of their resources to maintain a stable
relationship. 
	I was very pleased to see that the charter of this group focuses
on the problem of "consent-based" communication and appears to direct
attention away from filtering solutions based on textual analysis. I
must admit though that I'm somewhat worried about the discussion of
"approaches that determine the nature of a message based on its
characteristics" and sincerely hope that that this phrase does not
become a trap-door which permits endless discussions of methods by which
the useless textual analysis arms race can be furthered.
	Filters based on textual analysis cannot succeed. Let's focus on
fundamental solutions to the problem of spam -- i.e. how to build
systems for "consent-based" messaging.

		bob wyman


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From: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
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> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of David F. Skoll
> Sent: Monday, March 03, 2003 9:17 AM

> Well, you are technically savvy, so you know how to set up 
> SMTP AUTH to make this work.  The vast majority of people don't.

Only the ISP needs to be that savvy.  The user just needs to be
able to set up the mail client the same way it's already being done
for POP3 passwords.  Conceivably some email clients don't make this
as easy, and perhaps some don't even support SMTP AUTH, but there's 
no technical reason they couldn't be just as easy as current POP3
setup.

Gary

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From: Mark Delany <tcrcn-6ugsc@qmda.emu.st>
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Subject: Bitter Pills (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 16:38:12 +0000

> That's a diffent problem we'll have to discuss. Unfortunately, 
> it will be difficult to disestablish empty envelopes in 
> common SMTP.

Lots of bitter pills. RMX only solves the forgery problem and it
potentially breaks:

A. forwarding

B. sending off-domain #1 (the roving user using a remote ISP)

C. sending off-domain #2 (the local user using a non-controlled domain,
  eg, I want to send email out from my ISP using my Yahoo address)

D. Raises the question of what to do with bounces

E. Probably requires a flag-day or implementation schedule. If RMX is
   ever to be useful beyond categorizing email - ie actually rejecting
   email as spam - then ISPs/providers will probably need to do this
   in concert to a) get a lot of buy-in and b) avoid a customer
   backlash like that experienced by Earthlink a month or so ago.

You could possibly address A) by doing envelope re-writing, but that's
currently considered bad-practice and presents a tricky issue for
subsequent bounces.

You could simply swallow the pill for B) and C) and say that's the
price we pay. (If RMX was close to a Silver Bullet, I for one would
happily accept the loss of off-domain mail submission.)

You could change SMTP to bounce with a semi-empty envelope, such as
<@example.com> to fix D) but that's more changes to SMTP.

And maybe if you try hard you might get the major ISPs/MSPs to agree
on a schedule to help E).

Then you're merely left with predicting how spammers will
respond. Will they adopt disposable/temporary domains making the
benefits of RMX largely moot? I doubt anyone knows for sure.

To my point.

None of what I've said has anything to do with RMX per se except to
suggest that any "solution" probably involves pills of varying
bitterness. Eventually we need to assess "solutions" based on:

	o how bitter they are
	o how effective they are
	o how permanent they are

I especially worry that we under-estimate the ability of the spamming
industry to morph. We need to consider them as motivated, smart and
none-too-fussed about breaking a few laws. Any "solution" that assumes
otherwise is probably at risk of taking much longer to implement than
it does to defeat.


Regards,
Mark.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
Cc: Anti-Spam Research Group <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] What is Spam? Was: RMX Records
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 17:41:53 +0100

On Mon, Mar 03, 2003 at 10:29:34AM -0500, Daniel Feenberg wrote:
> 
> Somehow it seems more practical to just buy a domain name and use it till
> the spam filters catch on, although $10 is probably significant for many
> spammers.
> 
> By this reasoning, the proposal could succeed at providing authentication
> without actually reducing spam.



That's the next step of the story.

First, we have to keep in mind, that we still have no precise and
concise definition of "Spam", and I guess we'll never have.

My draft is focussed on the sender address fraud aspect of Spam, while
most people are focussed to the "mail which I don't want to have"
aspect. Unfortunately, the latter one is not easy to grab in a technical
and automated way. 


And there's another point: My approach could be seen as a "european
way". Let me explain this:


The RMX records don't stop spam. They stop e-mail fraud (i. e. using a 
foreign domain as a fake sender address), at least to a certain level.

When you receive a message, and the RMX records say "good", then
what's the use of this? You can assume that the owner of the domain 
has somehow in any way authorized the sender to do so, is somehow
responsible. It is a link between the message and the domain.
Now, what's that good for?

In Europe, especially in Germany, the whois entry of a domain usually
gives detailled information about who's responsible for a domain. This
is a link between a domain and a real human. OK, what's that good for?

You can sue the person.
You can blame the person.
You can blacklist the person (which is more effective than
  blacklisting his/her domains which can be changed like underwear). 

Effectively, you know who is molesting you. The mail suddenly turns
from an anonymous standard Spam to a plain normal, but still
unsolicited message.


There are still some problems:

- Some countries /ISPs don't keep the whois entries filled with 
  reasonable informtions, especially the far east countries.

  So teach your MTA to reject messages from domains which don't
  have  reasonable whois entry. It will force them to update
  their entries.


- Some countries (e.g. the USA) don't have that european idea
  of a human's identity. In Europe, people have identity cards, 
  you don't simply change your name or identity. Your name 
  and address can be "verified". In the USA, people insist of 
  beeing free to choose any name and address. It is very difficult
  to authenticate somebody when you lack a reliable identity.




Ok, back to the Spam problem.

We can't find a technical solution as long as we don't define Spam. 
Spam is a term for "everything annoying which can be found in a 
mailbox". Forget about it. We'll have to find real, hard criterias. 

I'll suggest those:


- Forged sender address
- Non-individual mass mail
- Lack of personal relation between sender and recipient
- recipients address found in context which was not supposed to 
  allow this certain message transfer


When we know what we are talking about, we can start to design
protection mechanisms. RMX records are designed against forged
sender addresses (domain part).

regards
Hadmut








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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Textual Analysis is not the solution
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 11:47:36 -0500 (EST)

On Mon, 3 Mar 2003, Bob Wyman wrote:

>Filters based on textual analysis cannot succeed.

I completely disagree.

If by "succeed", you mean "stop all spam", then you're right.  However, I
define "succeed" as "stop a large-enough proportion of spam to save
money", and by that measure, textual analysis can be very effective.

I believe that there is no solution that will totally stop spam.  What
is needed is a broad-spectrum approach consisting of:

- A legal framework to make it possible to prosecute spammers and extract
  money from them.
- Technical non-content-based means to reduce spam, such as RMX records.
- Buy-in by ISPs to take technical measures against spammers (ie,
  force subscribers to relay mail through the ISP's SMTP server.)
- Text-based analysis to detect likely spam.
- Tools to increase spammers' costs, such as tarpitting, tempfailing
  suspect messages, etc.

Like it or not, this is an arms race.  The best we can hope for is to increase
spammers' costs without hurting ourselves too much in the process.

> Let's focus on
> fundamental solutions to the problem of spam -- i.e. how to build
> systems for "consent-based" messaging.

In my business, I rely on getting e-mail from completely unknown
people.  This is a feature of e-mail I cannot do without.  Anything
that makes it harder for strangers to contact me than simply dashing
off an e-mail is a non-starter for me.

--
David.
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To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
From: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
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Date: Mon, 03 Mar 2003 17:53:24 +0100

"David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> writes:

> Right.  But a lot of people don't like having to relay through
> their ISP's server.  Some ISP's, for example, won't let you send
> mail from any domain but theirs.

Use ISPs with proper values of "S".  *shrug*

I wonder whether the proposal has any chance of implementation.  Can
BIND handle those additional records today?  Is it feasible from an
operational point of view?
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Johan Louwers <Suntac@dds.nl>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX Records -- waterproof?
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References: <20030303092027.GA3073@danisch.de> <20030303115957.841E516F18@jmason.org> <20030303134526.GA7379@danisch.de> <3E636524.D62F33B@bachrain.de> <20030303143630.GA8423@danisch.de> <020a01c2e1a1$42fce750$6501630a@SUNTAC>
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 18:03:21 +0100

On Mon, Mar 03, 2003 at 05:23:44PM +0100, Johan Louwers wrote:
> New to the list.........
> dear all, new to the list and trying to get up and running with the
> discussion so i am aboute to ask some strange questions.....

Well, the list discussion just started a few hours ago. :-)





> Ok lets say, (the situation in holland) I am driving on the freeway and i
> pullover at the gasstation. I get me a couple of free internet account CD's
> go home install a couple of accounts get a mail adres and start sending SPAM
> mail, after sending the mail i simpley delete the account an start using the
> next free account...... The recieving mail server is checking with the
> sending mail server of my free-ISP to look if the IP adres is allowd to send
> mail in name of @freeISP.nl I am allowd to send mail ... so the spam is out
> in the world and i just have bypassed the solution........


Naw, I don't think so. 

First, it should be a disadvantage for the ISP if he allows all
customers to send mail. E.g. a receiving MTA could reject messages if
the RMX covers more than 16 hosts. Then the customers of that ISP
couldn't send mails anymore and start complaining. 

A solution would be:

The ISP has two domains,  e.g. loose.isp.com and tight.isp.com


The RMX for loose.isp.com covers all its dynamic IP addresses.
Customers are free to use it when sending mail. If the receiving
MTA is willing to accept it - fine. Just use john.doe@loose.isp.com.

The RMX for tight.isp.com covers only the central relay. 
If the receiving MTA doesn't accept john.doe@loose.isp.com, 
you'll have to send mail through the central relay of isp.com. 
isp.com takes responsibility to verify that you are john.doe,
and now you can send with john.doe@tight.isp.com, which will
be accepted by the receiving MTA.

In Europe ISPs will be /are required to check a customers identity, 
so the ISP is actually able to perform the verification.







> The next situation. Lets say i am the owner of www.veryhornypreteengirls.com
> and i like to SPAM mail to a list of people. My @veryhornypreteengirls.com
> mail server is placed someware in a third world country so i do not have to
> worry aboute the law. I send out my spam mail the recieving server is
> checking with my mail server and i am allowd to sendout the mail so the spam
> is on the internet.

It still works: You are forced to use @veryhornypreteengirls.com as 
a sender address, not just random@hotmail.com 

My MTA can perform a whois query and find that the mail came from a
country without sufficient laws and without reliable whois
informations. The MTA could reject or maybe perform a time consuming 
text analysis. 








> The checking part of reciecing server checking sending server is a good plan
> to avoid a lot of spam mail it is only not enough. You also need a
> "centralized" way to check if the sending domain is a "trusted" domain. You

Yup, but to do so, you first need a reliable link to the
domain. Otherwise its useless to check whether it's trustworthy.



regards
Hadmut
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From: "Robert G. Ferrell" <rgferrell@direcway.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] What is Spam? Was: RMX Records
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Date: Mon, 03 Mar 2003 11:13:39 -0600

My contention is that spam is largely a social, not a technical, issue.
The reason spam exists is that it is cost effective for the spammers.  A 
certain small percentage of people who receive spam respond to it, and that 
response is sufficient to drive further spamming.  If we spent as much 
effort in educating the public about the pitfalls of responding to 
unsolicited commercial email as we do in thinking up ways to block it, we 
could probably make the problem go away on its own.

In effect, those few who bite at the bait spam offers are as responsible
for the spam problem as the spammers themselves.  I think an international 
campaign aimed at them would be at least as effective as all this technical 
end-running we're doing.  In the long haul, it's difficult for me to see 
how any technical solution can represent more than a temporary setback for 
the spammers.  They're getting increasingly savvy and they're driven by the 
clear economic gain they're deriving from their actions.  We can never 
successfully subvert that by filtering.  We have to attack the root of the 
problem, which is that spam pays.  Stop that payout, and you stop spam. No 
one sends out spam on the scale we're seeing just because they feel like 
it. They do it because in the end they make money off the process. They 
make money off the process because a small minority of the people who 
receive spam respond to it by sending the spammers money. If we can modify 
that behavior socially, we can reduce spam to a relative trickle that can 
be more easily handled by technical means.

At least that's how it appears to me.

RGF

Robert G. Ferrell
rgferrell@direcway.com

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From: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>
To: "'ASRG'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Bitter Pills (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
Organization: Ready-to-Run Software, Inc.
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> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Mark Delany
> Sent: Monday, March 03, 2003 11:38 AM

> Lots of bitter pills. RMX only solves the forgery problem and 
> it potentially breaks:
> 
> C. sending off-domain #2 (the local user using a 
> non-controlled domain,
>   eg, I want to send email out from my ISP using my Yahoo address)

Let me point out that this boils down to "it solves the forgery
problem but breaks my ability to forge mail."

These are conflicting requirements.  The question is whether the
latter (the ability to forge mail, i.e. send mail from one place
that claims to come from another) is a legitimate requirement,
independently of the fact that it's a commonly cited requirement.

Is or isn't it reasonable for a recipient (whether end user or 
SMTP server) to refuse to accept email that claims to come from
one source if the system cannot authenticate that it really does?
Personally, I think not - there is no reason I should ever
accept mail that can't be authenticated.

Perhaps there is a two-fold solution: simple domain-based 
authentication such as suggsted with RMX, and cryptographic 
authentication for others.  For example, if you really want to be
able to use your ISP to send email that appears to come from your
Yahoo account, then include a PKI certificate that authenticates
you as the owner of the Yahoo account.  People who don't need
that ability need merely send mail from servers registered for
the domain of the purported mail sender.

Gary

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Date: 3 Mar 2003 17:20:31 +0000

On Mon, Mar 03, 2003 at 11:47:36AM -0500, David F. Skoll allegedly wrote:
> > Let's focus on
> > fundamental solutions to the problem of spam -- i.e. how to build
> > systems for "consent-based" messaging.
> 
> In my business, I rely on getting e-mail from completely unknown
> people.  This is a feature of e-mail I cannot do without.  Anything
> that makes it harder for strangers to contact me than simply dashing
> off an e-mail is a non-starter for me.

Which simply means that a consent-based system gives you an "accept
unsolicited email from anyone" button, doesn't it?


Regards.
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To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
Cc: bob@wyman.us, reinhold@bachrain.de, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] solution space (was Re: Textual Analysis is not the solution) 
In-Reply-To: Message from Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu> 
   of "Mon, 03 Mar 2003 12:15:42 EST." <20030303121542.0e8e43b2.moore@cs.utk.edu> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Mon, 03 Mar 2003 17:44:41 +0000


Keith Moore said:

> - originator identification/authentication/tracing
>   (e.g. if you can reliably tell whether a message is coming from a
>   known spammer, or merely someone of unknown reputation, or someone
>   you know.  this happens at various levels of granularity - 
>   you might know the ISP that is originating the mail, or you 
>   might know what business has that IP address block, or you
>   might know the specific MTA, or you might be able to identify
>   the sender via some kind of authentication, either in the
>   message or out-of-band (say SMTP authentication).)

This is, by far, the most urgent one.   SMTP is currently forged on a
massive basis, in order to send spam.  If we can come up with a way to
successfully break mail-originator forgery, every other aspect becomes a
whole lot easier.

Regarding the whack-a-mole spamhaus issue, where they register domains
like "somegreatnewspammyoffers439.biz" in order to send authenticated spam
for each spam-run -- that's not a big problem; we'll just be back at the
mid-90s stage, when DNS blacklists *worked well*!

Bottom line: if we're in a forum to "fix SMTP", then IMO mail-originator
forgery should be top priority.

(Disclaimer: I hack on SpamAssassin, which uses message-analysis.  But
SpamAssassin's a platform for filtering these days, and I'd love to get
origination-auth so we can support it!)

--j.
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From: "Johan Louwers" <Suntac@dds.nl>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <20030303092027.GA3073@danisch.de> <20030303115957.841E516F18@jmason.org> <20030303134526.GA7379@danisch.de> <3E636524.D62F33B@bachrain.de> <20030303143630.GA8423@danisch.de> <020a01c2e1a1$42fce750$6501630a@SUNTAC> <20030303170321.GA10443@danisch.de>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX Records -- waterproof?
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> > The checking part of reciecing server checking sending server is a good
plan
> > to avoid a lot of spam mail it is only not enough. You also need a
> > "centralized" way to check if the sending domain is a "trusted" domain.
You
>
> Yup, but to do so, you first need a reliable link to the
> domain. Otherwise its useless to check whether it's trustworthy.
>
>
>
> regards
> Hadmut

Think aboute a way that all the domains are "trusted" if they are violating
the "we do not send spam" rule they are placed on the list with a marking of
1 very new "spam attack" is placing them up in the ranking...... If you have
a spamSendingRate of 100 you are totaly blocked.  After some time of not
violating the rule the ranking will be dropping down. To maintain this list
you should be thinking of a mechanisme like the way DNS servers are updated.

I do not think that the lookup methode alone is efficient enough and manual
setting country's, IP ranges and more like that to NOT TRUSTED in your mail
sever is enough....... if we are looking fore a close and tighter meganisme
to ban SPAM from the internet we need more then the lookup methode I
think.....

Reagrds,
Johan.

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Subject: Re: Bitter Pills (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Date: 3 Mar 2003 17:48:28 +0000

On Mon, Mar 03, 2003 at 12:15:29PM -0500, Gary Feldman allegedly wrote:
> > From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> > Behalf Of Mark Delany
> > Sent: Monday, March 03, 2003 11:38 AM
> 
> > Lots of bitter pills. RMX only solves the forgery problem and 
> > it potentially breaks:
> > 
> > C. sending off-domain #2 (the local user using a 
> > non-controlled domain,
> >   eg, I want to send email out from my ISP using my Yahoo address)
> 
> Let me point out that this boils down to "it solves the forgery
> problem but breaks my ability to forge mail."

Exactly my point. Spam exploits features of email that some people
like and use, eg forging their own address.

Can we retain all of these oft-loved "features" and make an impact on
spam? I doubt it.


Regards.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] solution space (was Re: Textual Analysis is not the
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 07:59:31 -0800 (PST)

PGP Signatures and in general messages signed by from accepted lists
- this probably belongs to originator identification/authentication/tracing
but should be mentioned

Filtering by target email address - i.e. some add ietf+email or whois+email,
etc. and use that to futher differentiate how filter may do the work but 
actual recepient account maybe the same. 
- not sure what category this belongs to in your list, might have to be 
on its own

Other proposed mechanisms are to require heavy computation of ciphers to 
make sender's job a lot more difficult and limit how many emails they 
would be able to do 
- this definetly should go into its own category

Some other mechanisms include sending verification email to be sent that 
contains picture with text that only person can read.
- this probably belongs to blacklist/whilelist category

And we should definetly pay more attention on combination of the techniques.
Some programs only work for combination and assign special "points" to 
each filter or its type and then if number of points is high they mark it 
as "maybe spam", "possible spam", "most likely spam", etc. or in fact 
delivery it but let recepient see the gradingand decide if he wants to 
open it and modify grading to his best preference. It can also be noted 
that this can be multiple final grade categories - i.e. like with movies, 
email can be  categorized by content as heaving "adult content", 
"language" , etc.


On Mon, 3 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> okay, basically I agree with your thesis.  I'd state it a different way:
> spam is in the eye of the beholder.  the same message can be legitimate
> to one recipient (especially if it was solicited  - maybe the guy really
> does think he can enlarge a part of his anatomy :) and illigitimate to
> another recipient.
> 
> so trying to distinguish spam from non-spam by analysis of text, without
> knowing the recipient's preferences, is inherently of limited
> applicability.
> 
> (you might argue that there are some messages that can be determined to
> be unwanted no matter who they are sent to - say viruses - but as far as
> I can tell this is a very narrow class.  maybe I actually want to get
> that .EXE file in email.  maybe I want to receive mis-labelled content
> to see how my mail user agent will handle them.  etc.)
> 
> but I think it's too early to start arguing about *the* solution. 
> for now we should try to understand the solution space - see
> what general techniques we have at our disposal.
> 
> offhand I can think of several categories of tools:
> 
> - message analysis techniques 
>   (looking at characteristcs of messages)
> 
> - recipient-specified preferences
>   (recipient says "I don't want spam" or "I can't read Korean")
> 
> - originator identification/authentication/tracing
>   (e.g. if you can reliably tell whether a message is coming from a
>   known spammer, or merely someone of unknown reputation, or someone
>   you know.  this happens at various levels of granularity - 
>   you might know the ISP that is originating the mail, or you 
>   might know what business has that IP address block, or you
>   might know the specific MTA, or you might be able to identify
>   the sender via some kind of authentication, either in the
>   message or out-of-band (say SMTP authentication).)
> 
> - message filtering (e.g. removal of viruses, annoying HTML, whatever)
> 
> - differential message handling by relays
>   (e.g. messages from known senders are allowed to be larger, 
>    contain a wider variety of content, be accepted for delivery more 
>    quickly; messages from unknown parties might be delayed
>    and/or restricted to size or content; messages from known
>    spammers or that are known to have viruses are bounced or
>    discarded)
> 
> - recipient feedback mechanisms (e.g. blacklists, whitelists)
> 
> these should not be considered mutually exclusive - clearly they
> can be combined, and often are.
> 
> which ones am I missing?
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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From: Prasenjeet Dutta <bulk@chaoszone.org>
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To: Gary Feldman <gaf@rtr.com>
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Subject: Re: Bitter Pills (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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> Perhaps there is a two-fold solution: simple domain-based 
> authentication such as suggsted with RMX, and cryptographic 
> authentication for others.  For example, if you really want to be
> able to use your ISP to send email that appears to come from your
> Yahoo account, then include a PKI certificate that authenticates
> you as the owner of the Yahoo account.

RMX + cryptographic verification is great because of one more reason: it 
solves a lot of problems for people who run their own mailservers 
(perhaps behind a residential DSL line). ISPs frequently block egress on 
port 25 because of people who run spam-spewing servers. With a way to 
identify these servers and hold them accountable, this could be a thing 
of the past.

I had written a (draft) paper on this sometime back (available here: 
<http://www.chaoszone.org/misc/spam.html>) where we were able to show 
that RMX + cryptographic verification was doable with a minimum of 
infrastructure changes (modern SMTP servers with plug-in mail processors 
would be able to handle the changes) and *no* protocol changes, and also 
a minimum of user-retraining, since cryptographic verification would not 
require novice users to maintain any keys with them: the keys would be 
maintained by the SMTP server administrator.

Regards
--Prasenjeet


==
Prasenjeet Dutta
http://www.chaoszone.org/




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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
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Subject: [Asrg] solution space (was Re: Textual Analysis is not the solution)
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okay, basically I agree with your thesis.  I'd state it a different way:
spam is in the eye of the beholder.  the same message can be legitimate
to one recipient (especially if it was solicited  - maybe the guy really
does think he can enlarge a part of his anatomy :) and illigitimate to
another recipient.

so trying to distinguish spam from non-spam by analysis of text, without
knowing the recipient's preferences, is inherently of limited
applicability.

(you might argue that there are some messages that can be determined to
be unwanted no matter who they are sent to - say viruses - but as far as
I can tell this is a very narrow class.  maybe I actually want to get
that .EXE file in email.  maybe I want to receive mis-labelled content
to see how my mail user agent will handle them.  etc.)

but I think it's too early to start arguing about *the* solution. 
for now we should try to understand the solution space - see
what general techniques we have at our disposal.

offhand I can think of several categories of tools:

- message analysis techniques 
  (looking at characteristcs of messages)

- recipient-specified preferences
  (recipient says "I don't want spam" or "I can't read Korean")

- originator identification/authentication/tracing
  (e.g. if you can reliably tell whether a message is coming from a
  known spammer, or merely someone of unknown reputation, or someone
  you know.  this happens at various levels of granularity - 
  you might know the ISP that is originating the mail, or you 
  might know what business has that IP address block, or you
  might know the specific MTA, or you might be able to identify
  the sender via some kind of authentication, either in the
  message or out-of-band (say SMTP authentication).)

- message filtering (e.g. removal of viruses, annoying HTML, whatever)

- differential message handling by relays
  (e.g. messages from known senders are allowed to be larger, 
   contain a wider variety of content, be accepted for delivery more 
   quickly; messages from unknown parties might be delayed
   and/or restricted to size or content; messages from known
   spammers or that are known to have viruses are bounced or
   discarded)

- recipient feedback mechanisms (e.g. blacklists, whitelists)

these should not be considered mutually exclusive - clearly they
can be combined, and often are.

which ones am I missing?
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Textual Analysis is not the solution
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 13:09:31 -0500 (EST)

On Mon, 3 Mar 2003, Mark Delany wrote:

> Which simply means that a consent-based system gives you an "accept
> unsolicited email from anyone" button, doesn't it?

And that is different from now... how?

--
David.
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Date: 3 Mar 2003 18:43:10 +0000

On Mon, Mar 03, 2003 at 01:09:31PM -0500, David F. Skoll allegedly wrote:
> On Mon, 3 Mar 2003, Mark Delany wrote:
>
> > Which simply means that a consent-based system gives you an "accept
> > unsolicited email from anyone" button, doesn't it?
>
> And that is different from now... how?

I'm assuming a consent-based system gives each email address individual control
over their "consent" settings.

You chose to set your email address to "accept unsolicited email from anyone" because
that's important to you. It may not be important to me, so my "consent" settings are
more stringent.

Of course a "consent-based" system is entirely hypothetical right now. All I'm saying
is that there is no reason to preclude existing behaviour wrt what one accepts on
an individual basis.

If you are saying that this "feature" of email is universal and everyone will want
it and must have it, then that's another question entirely. To my mind that's
a consent-threshold question. Spam tells us that the current (and only) threshold
is too low.



Regards.
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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: <william@elan.net>, <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] Single-User Addresses (a bit piece of a solution)
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> Filtering by target email address - i.e. some 
> add ietf+email or whois+email, etc. and use 
> that to futher differentiate how filter may do the work
	The method of inserting a "digital signature" or other
distinguishing mark into an address is an effective way of creating a
"single user" email address that can be used to limit the utility of
email addresses to any other than authorized users. Creating "single
user" addresses gets around the problem we have today with addresses
which are equally useful to anyone who can discover them.
	In the most basic approach, you take a "Base" address, say:
"bob@example.com" and then add to it a sender dependent part which
creates an address whose utility is limited to a particular sender.
Thus, if I want to authorize "sally@foo.com" to send mail to me, I might
generate a digital signature on the combination of sally's FROM address
and my own address that looks like "poiypoi/syK9798". I would then have
Sally use the address "bob+poiypoi/syK9798@example.com" when sending
mail to me. My mail server or client can then inspect incoming mail and
check to see whether or not messages to me use "authorized" addresses.
If an address isn't properly authenticated (either because it doesn't
contain a signature or because the signature is incorrect), then my
software would be able to flag the message as one that is not
authorized. 
	By using such a system, you can significantly reduce the value
of a "stolen" email address since mail that doesn't have a proper
signature in the "TO" address would be either deleted or shunted into a
"possible junk mail" folder. The system the nice feature of allowing
both "authenticated" and "unauthenticated" senders. Your "base" address
(i.e. the address with no "+" part, would be generally used by anyone
who is contacting you for the first time or who does not have an
established relationship with you. Such mails a "suspect" and would be
filed into an appropriate in-box. However, people who have a
relationship get a personal "single user" address for you that allows
them to send directly to your "trusted" email inbox. Messages with bad
authentication (i.e. wrong signatures) could be filed in a third inbox. 
	The system would relies, to a certain extent, on FROM addresses
not being forged and thus mechanisms to increase our ability to trust a
FROM address would make it stronger. However, the system is still useful
even in light of forged FROM addresses since a spammer, in order to gain
access to the "trusted" inbox, would need to know both a "single-user"
email address as well as the FROM address that goes with it. Obtaining
this pair of data is much more difficult than what is needed today --
today, you only need to have one piece of info: A valid email address.
Also, it should be noted that if one detects that a spammer *has*
obtained the pair and is sending forged messages, you now know from whom
the address was "stolen" which is very useful data. Also, you can simply
issue a new "single user" address to your correspondent (after getting
them to promise that they will take better care of their address book in
the future) and then use a "black list" to filter out messages sent
using the old authentication code.
	Adding the authentication code to TO addresses is something
which is supported today by any email system that supports the "+"
convention (i.e. text between the "+" and the "@" is ignored by the
server). Thus, sendmail servers, many IMAP servers, Verisign's mail
system, Earthlink, etc. have no problem properly handling email that
contains authentication codes and thus have "latent support" for
single-user addresses today. However, it is the case that not all
systems handle this stuff. For instance, Hotmail and a variety of other
mail providers don't... But, that could be fixed.
	This solution provides authorization of senders with fine
granularity, allows unanticipated senders to get messages to you, and
permits the "revocation" of sending rights when addresses are found to
have been compromised. Also, this method still leaves plenty of room for
folk who want to work with "spam filters" since filters can be usefully
employed as a secondary filter on messages that have been accepted into
"junk mail" folders. (You might have spam filter that focuses on
classifying "junk mail" into "really junk" in a Red folder and "not sure
if it is junk" in a Grey folder, but tell your filters not to touch
messages which have been received with trusted, single-user addresses.

		bob wyman

Note: I believe that Intel/Xircom and others have patents that cover
some applications of this technology.

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To: bob@wyman.us
Cc: william@elan.net, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Single-User Addresses (a bit piece of a solution) 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us> 
   of "Mon, 03 Mar 2003 13:49:54 EST." <003801c2e1b5$ae049020$6401a8c0@BOBDEV> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Mon, 03 Mar 2003 19:00:40 +0000


Bob Wyman said:

> Note: I believe that Intel/Xircom and others have patents that cover
> some applications of this technology.

If they do, and they cover the spam-filtering case, I hoped they were
filed before 1997, when "tms" was posted (see
http://www.DeepEddy.Com/tms.html ).  Nowadays, thousands of people are
using TMDA, another more popular and well-maintained implementation of the
same idea. 

So far, 2 patent applications on this technology that I know of, have had
TMDA submitted as "prior art".

Got any patent ref numbers?

--j. (bad patents are a pet peeve)
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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: "Robert G. Ferrell" <rgferrell@direcway.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] What is Spam? Was: RMX Records
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 13:38:51 -0500 (EST)



On Mon, 3 Mar 2003, Robert G. Ferrell wrote:

> My contention is that spam is largely a social, not a technical, issue.
> The reason spam exists is that it is cost effective for the spammers.  A 
> certain small percentage of people who receive spam respond to it, and that 
> response is sufficient to drive further spamming.  If we spent as much 
> effort in educating the public about the pitfalls of responding to 
> unsolicited commercial email as we do in thinking up ways to block it, we 
> could probably make the problem go away on its own.

That may be, but the IETF has to chose from among the tools that it has to
achieve its goals, just as the legislature must chose from among its
tools. There is no doubt a better way than this to solve the problem, but
that doesn't really matter, in fact it is always true. The existence of a
better solution is only an argument against this solution if this solution
precludes the better one, and if the better one would otherwise come into
existence. Neither of these is highly likely, so this group should
continue to think about "What is the most you can do with an RFC?" rather
than "What is the most someone else could do if they wanted to?".


Somewhere there is a legislature meeting about this problem, and someone
is saying that the IETF needs to solve the email forgery problem, rather
than depend upon the legislature to paper over technical inadequecies.




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To: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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 solution)
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> > - originator identification/authentication/tracing
> >   (e.g. if you can reliably tell whether a message is coming from a
> >   known spammer, or merely someone of unknown reputation, or someone
> >   you know.  this happens at various levels of granularity - 
> >   you might know the ISP that is originating the mail, or you 
> >   might know what business has that IP address block, or you
> >   might know the specific MTA, or you might be able to identify
> >   the sender via some kind of authentication, either in the
> >   message or out-of-band (say SMTP authentication).)
> 
> This is, by far, the most urgent one. 

I think it's valuable, and I also think it's the one with the least
practical development so far.  But I don't think any of these will work
in isolation.  For instance, authentication isn't going to work without
some means of establishing trust in the credentials.  

I have some ideas about how to do this, but I think it's too early in
the group's lifetime to discuss specifics just yet.

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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: <jm@jmason.org>
Cc: <william@elan.net>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Single-User Addresses (a bit piece of a solution) 
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jm@mason.org wrote:
>Got any patent ref numbers?
	See:
http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6356935  
And
http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6085321

		bob wyman

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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: "'Justin Mason'" <jm@jmason.org>
Cc: <william@elan.net>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Single-User Addresses (a bit piece of a solution) 
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Justin Mason mentioned tms and TMDA

	Can you provide any discussion of the success of these systems
in blocking spam? Are the users happy with these systems? If they are
successful, why haven't they been deployed more broadly? Are there any
IPR constraints that would prevent IETF working groups from discussing
similar approaches, etc...

		bob wyman


-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Justin Mason
Sent: Monday, March 03, 2003 2:01 PM
To: bob@wyman.us
Cc: william@elan.net; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Single-User Addresses (a bit piece of a solution) 



Bob Wyman said:

> Note: I believe that Intel/Xircom and others have patents that cover 
> some applications of this technology.

If they do, and they cover the spam-filtering case, I hoped they were
filed before 1997, when "tms" was posted (see
http://www.DeepEddy.Com/tms.html ).  Nowadays, thousands of people are
using TMDA, another more popular and well-maintained implementation of
the same idea. 

So far, 2 patent applications on this technology that I know of, have
had TMDA submitted as "prior art".

Got any patent ref numbers?

--j. (bad patents are a pet peeve)
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 14:16:54 -0500 (EST)

On Mon, 3 Mar 2003, Mark Delany wrote:

> I'm assuming a consent-based system gives each email address
> individual control over their "consent" settings.

OK; but such systems are available (and being used) now.  I know that
because I occasionally run into some e-mail robot demanding that I
prove I'm a real person.  If most people I tried to correspond with
did this, I'd stop sending them e-mail.  If you could come up with a
consent-based system that didn't have some kind of challenge-response
interaction, then you'd have something good.

> If you are saying that this "feature" of email is universal and
> everyone will want it and must have it, then that's another question
> entirely. To my mind that's a consent-threshold question. Spam tells
> us that the current (and only) threshold is too low.

I think you'll find that most businesses that have a "sales@" or "info@"
address on their Web site require the ability to receive e-mail from anyone.

--
David.
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Date: 03 Mar 2003 13:25:50 -0600


In <20030303092027.GA3073@danisch.de> Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> writes:

> > Why this is superior to Adam Filip's proposal (
> > http://groups.google.com/groups?q=vixie+mx+records+spam&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=3E18B0B3.43939A35%40Andrzej.Adam.Filip&rnum=10
> > )  to overload the existing MX record?

This proposal appears to overload A records, not MX records.


Basically, it creates a domain name specific DNS blacklist which could
use the same machinery that is already available and in use for all
the various other blacklists.  It would require no changes to the name
servers and only very minor changes to MTAs.  In the case of sendmail,
"all" it would take is hacking on the sendmail.cf file.

When IP address w.x.y.z connects and claims they are from domain
example.tld, the MTA and/or the spamfilter would do a DNSBL check on
z.y.x.w.smtp-out.example.tld in addition to checking
z.y.x.w.bl.spamcop.net and such.



> First, MX records are not meant to be used for that. If you want
> to keep the Internet working, use things in the way you are supposed
> to do. Using them in the reverse way violates the definition of MX.

This proposal doesn't involve MX records and all the various DNSBLs
prove that it is practical.


> Second, it doesn't work and it is too much overhead, because there
> is one indirection step missing. Assume that I want to authorize 
> the relays of my hoster rackland and another set of relays, e.g. 
> by an employer or some ISP for originating mails from danisch.de.

"All problems in Computer Science can be solved by another level of
indirection".... 

There is no more overhead than existing DNSBLs.

More importantly, I suspect that the majority of email traffic would
be sent by domains that would not need this extra level of
indirection.  I suspect that this RMX proposal would actually have
greater overhead.

If you really needed this extra level of indirection, you could hack
on bind to do the recursive lookups on other domain specific
blacklists that you are interested in.  Hacking on bind would be
required for the RMX proposal anyway, but only the domain that needs
this extra level of indirection would need to be updated.


> Third, DNS software is ready to be extended. [ ... ] As soon as the 
> record type has become a standard, it will be incorporated into the
> main distribution. Adding a new record type to a DNS server is not
> a big deal.

This adds another hoop that people have to jump through.

How much software has to be changed to support this new record?  What
if a users wants to set up SpamAssassin on their local machine to
check the RMX record and doesn't have control over the nameserver they
use?  Would they still be able to do it?  (Clearly, the domain
specific blacklist would be no problem.)  Would people need to update
their resolver stub?  


> No, the DNS server software is not the problem. It will be more 
> difficult to convince the MTA software vendors. But that's the
> same problem as with the MX proposal.

I suspect that getting the MTA and spamfilter software vendors to
implement a domain specific blacklist would be pretty easy.

IMHO, the hard thing is to get a bunch of the larger ISPs to support
either the RMX or the domain specific blacklists.  Every time they add
a new server, they will have to remember to update the list and if
they don't, only a few people who run bleeding edge anti-spam systems
will notice.


-wayne


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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: "Robert G. Ferrell" <rgferrell@direcway.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] What is Spam? Was: RMX Records
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> My contention is that spam is largely a social, not a technical,
> issue. 

theft of tangible property is largely a social, not a technical issue.
however we employ technical means to thwart thieves and to make it
easier to track down thieves, so that we can employ social means (e.g.
prison) to deter them.  of course we also try to educate people to
make them less vulnerable to thieves.  and we purchase insurance to
manage the cost of lossage due to theft.

but we don't rely exclusively on either social or technical means to
deter thieves.  nor do we insist on having a 100% perfect solution to
the crime of theft.

offhand, I don't see why similar mechanisms can't be applied to
spammers.  and I suspect that social mechanisms to deter theft wouldn't
be very helpful by themselves - the supporting technology (locks, keys,
fences, alarms, cameras, serial numbers, fingerprints, etc.) helps a
lot to create a credible deterrent.

Keith
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: william@elan.net
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] solution space (was Re: Textual Analysis is not the
 solution)
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> PGP Signatures and in general messages signed by from accepted lists
> - this probably belongs to originator
> identification/authentication/tracing but should be mentioned

yup, PGP is an example of that class.

> Filtering by target email address - i.e. some add ietf+email or
> whois+email, etc. and use that to futher differentiate how filter may
> do the work but actual recepient account maybe the same. 
> - not sure what category this belongs to in your list, might have to
> be on its own

indeed, I do this myself - list traffic is filtered differently
than traffic to my mailbox. 

> Other proposed mechanisms are to require heavy computation of ciphers
> to make sender's job a lot more difficult and limit how many emails
> they would be able to do 
> - this definetly should go into its own category

yup.

schemes that charge for sending email (esp. from unknown parties) have
also been proposed- I suppose there is a general class of imposing
barriers.

> Some other mechanisms include sending verification email to be sent
> that contains picture with text that only person can read.
> - this probably belongs to blacklist/whilelist category

I think that's another example of imposing a barrier.  
"here, jump through this hoop and then I'll read your mail"
the idea is to make the barrier small for those who send only a few
messages, much larger for those who send large numbers of messages.
and perhaps also to compensate the recipient :)

> And we should definetly pay more attention on combination of the
> techniques.

yeah, I'm fairly convinced that no single technique will suffice.

Keith
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> did this, I'd stop sending them e-mail.  If you could come up with a
> consent-based system that didn't have some kind of challenge-response
> interaction, then you'd have something good.

Indeed. The Holy Grail.

> I think you'll find that most businesses that have a "sales@" or "info@"
> address on their Web site require the ability to receive e-mail from anyone.

Sounds like we're in violent agreement.


Regards.
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To: bob@wyman.us
Cc: "'Justin Mason'" <jm@jmason.org>, william@elan.net, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Single-User Addresses (a bit piece of a solution) 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us> 
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Date: Mon, 03 Mar 2003 19:43:37 +0000


Bob Wyman said:

> Justin Mason mentioned tms and TMDA
> 
> 	Can you provide any discussion of the success of these systems
> in blocking spam? Are the users happy with these systems? If they are
> successful, why haven't they been deployed more broadly? Are there any
> IPR constraints that would prevent IETF working groups from discussing
> similar approaches, etc...

Well, tms (apparently) became unmaintained, so TMDA was started.  That's
got a lot of users out there.

The main issue it has (I hear), is that it requires configuration and
manual whitelisting of mailing lists, e-commerce sites, etc.  Manual
intervention by the user is a big usability issue for spam filters,
since you start getting into a situation where they have to spend more
time configuring it than they would deleting the spam. ;)

--j.
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From: Roland <list-asrg@openrbl.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] domain specific DNS blacklists (or whitelists)
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--wayne wrote on 03.03.03 13:25 -0600:

> In <20030303092027.GA3073@danisch.de> Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> writes:
> 
>> > Why this is superior to Adam Filip's proposal (
>> > http://groups.google.com/groups?q=vixie+mx+records+spam&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=3E18B0B3.43939A35%40Andrzej.Adam.Filip&rnum=10
>> > )  to overload the existing MX record?
> 
> This proposal appears to overload A records, not MX records.

Getting a new RR implemented into bind will likely take years,
a solution based on the existing records could be much faster.

The solution as presented in the posting of Andrzej Filip would
reject mail from the whole NU-TLD by default, and also from any
domain which has a wildcard defined:

$ dig 4.3.2.1.smtp-out.anything.nu

At least one should reject only if 127.0.0.2 gets returned, many
dnsbl-implementations already allow to distinguish by the last
octet, and there are many more mta's than sendmail.
(which should be _immediately_ updated to 8.12.8 because of a
dangerous remote root-compromise btw)

But the current scheme of dnsbl really only works for blacklists,
this application would be a whitelist by definition and the
implementation requires some more work.

One solution could be to reserve a magic (like 127.0.0.127 or maybe
better something like 255.255.255.255) for this purpose and create
some kind of standard which also may be used by other whitelists,
and can be easy integrated into the code of existing dnsbl-clients.

A-records are preferred because all dnsbl-clients (except rblsmtpd
which only queries for TXT) already know how to look them up.

Roland

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Mon Mar  3 15:45:14 2003
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 21:43:20 +0100

Just a different flavour of the Single-User Address
idea:

Leave the sender and recipient's address untouched.
Just invent an opaque cookie which has to be presented
in the header when sending a message.

Have a Header

  Mail-Cookie: ...

which presents a required cookie and a

  Mail-Set-Cookie: ...

to give the recipient a cookie to use for replying.


It is the receiving MTA's private thing to evaluate the
cookie and do with it whatever it wants, like a HTTP server.

Examples uses:

- A cookie is good for anyone to send mail to a certain
  address B, but is valid only for a limited amount of time.

  A news posting could contain such a cookie.

  A HTTP link could contain this:

  <a href="mailto:..." cookie="..."> with a cookie valid only
  for an hour. You always can directly send email by just clicking
  on the link, but taking the address and cookie into an address
  list is useless.


- A cookie is good for sending mail from address A to address B


- A cookie is good for sending not more than n messages

- A cookie could even be sold through some kind of micro payment.




regards
Hadmut

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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 15:53:53 -0500 (EST)

On Mon, 3 Mar 2003, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> Leave the sender and recipient's address untouched.
> Just invent an opaque cookie which has to be presented
> in the header when sending a message.

Well, then you have to receive the message.  If you only base it
on sender and recipient address, you can make a decision at RCPT TO:
time.

--
David.
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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: "'Hadmut Danisch'" <hadmut@danisch.de>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Mail Cookies Was: Single-User Addresses
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Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> Leave the sender and recipient's address untouched.
> Just invent an opaque cookie which has to be presented
> in the header when sending a message.
	Such cookies would be inferior, I believe, to a system such as
Single-user addresses since they require both sender and receiver to
have mail systems that understand the additional header fields. On the
other hand, handling of a single-user address of the form
"username+signature@example.com" is something that can be deployed
immediately by any mail recipient who has a mail server capable of
ignoring the signature part when determing who the mail is destined for.
Thus, if you use sendmail for SMTP, or you use Earthlink or a number of
other mail providers, you can create and use single-user addresses NOW.
All you have to do is put the single-user email address into the
"reply-to" and "From" fields of your messages.
	There are all sorts of things that can be done if we are free to
redesign the mail protocols. For instance, we could get into the whole
PKI issue... However, the reality is that such efforts will take a great
deal of time to design and they will take even longer to propogate
through the internet. Thus, it makes sense to consider methods that will
result in minimal disruption to the existing protocols. The single user
address (especially if based on the "+" convention) allows the method to
be used with NO modifications to existing protocols.

		bob wyman


-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Hadmut Danisch
Sent: Monday, March 03, 2003 3:43 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] Mail Cookies Was: Single-User Addresses


Just a different flavour of the Single-User Address
idea:

Leave the sender and recipient's address untouched.
Just invent an opaque cookie which has to be presented
in the header when sending a message.

Have a Header

  Mail-Cookie: ...

which presents a required cookie and a

  Mail-Set-Cookie: ...

to give the recipient a cookie to use for replying.


It is the receiving MTA's private thing to evaluate the
cookie and do with it whatever it wants, like a HTTP server.

Examples uses:

- A cookie is good for anyone to send mail to a certain
  address B, but is valid only for a limited amount of time.

  A news posting could contain such a cookie.

  A HTTP link could contain this:

  <a href="mailto:..." cookie="..."> with a cookie valid only
  for an hour. You always can directly send email by just clicking
  on the link, but taking the address and cookie into an address
  list is useless.


- A cookie is good for sending mail from address A to address B


- A cookie is good for sending not more than n messages

- A cookie could even be sold through some kind of micro payment.




regards
Hadmut

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Subject: [Asrg] Proven solution for authenticating messages
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 09:58:40 +1300

Hi, I would like to offer a concept, as one of the tools 
necessary for a solution to this problem.

OBSERVATIONS: Firstly some observations about the other 
tools we have at our disposal:

1. Text filters (reject messages if "string" found): 
	- they may block/delete wanted messages (false negative)
	- they may allow unwanted messages (false positive)
	- spammers work actively to defeat such filters
	- they therefore create additional work to check for these
exceptions

2. Blacklists (reject messages from senders on the list):
	- they are reactive (applied after the unwanted message arrives)
	- they may exclude wanted senders if too broad
	- they are of limited use if email addresses can be spoofed

3. Whitelists (accept messages from senders on the list):
	- there must be some way of receiving from a new sender
	- they are of limited use if email addresses can be spoofed

Note that the tools are of limited use, because of email spoofing.  


In fact, I would assert that authentication is the heart of our
problem.  If a spammer can fake the FROM address of my best friend
(or your friendly tax dept), it will be very hard to automatically
delete that message - you're going to have to check it just in case.


CONCEPT: And now the concept...

The New Zealand government has developed a specification for 
securing Internet email (authentication/encryption/integrity), 
between agencies, using S/MIME gateways.
http://www.e-government.govt.nz/see/mail/index.asp

This system is in use by over 50% of government agencies in New Zealand
already.  It will be adopted by 98% of government agencies by December 
2003.  Agencies have chosen to implement it either with commercial off 
the shelf packages, or through the development of an open source version.

The specification is an interpretation of several RFCs:
http://www.e-government.govt.nz/docs/see-mail-bus-req-2-2/chapter1.html


If an ISP were to adopt the system, then a customer's FROM 
address, could match the email address(es) associated with the
username/password of the ISP account.  In this way, we could authenticate 
all messages between that ISP's customers and any other system user.

Because it happens at a server level, the customer never sees 
the complexity of PKI.  The servers automatically establish 
and maintain links with new servers they discover (so long as 
the server's CA is trusted).


Over time, whitelists and blacklists then become very useful.  Users
can choose not to receive any "anonymous" (non-authenticated) messages.
Senders who abuse their position can be put on a blacklist, and any
future authenticated messages from them are ignored.

More importantly, I can be sure that I will always receive messages
from people I trust without some filter getting in the way.


Obviously there will be issues to resolve.  For instance, free mail
companies such as Hotmail will probably be ignored by most people.


Regards, 
Mike Pearson, S.E.E. Manager                      http://www.see.govt.nz

Phone : +64  (4) 495-6769
Fax   : +64  (4) 495-6669  
Mobile: +64 (21) 631-731 

mailto: mike.pearson@ssc.govt.nz

************************************************************************
E-government Unit,                       http://www.e-government.govt.nz
STATE SERVICES COMMISSION                         http://www.ssc.govt.nz
Te Komihana O Nga Tari Kawanatanga
Level 4, 100 Molesworth St
PO Box 329, Wellington 6015, 
NEW ZEALAND 
************************************************************************
This email and any replies are subject to the Official Information Act 
1982, and may be made available under that Act.
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From: Roland <list-asrg@openrbl.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Textual Analysis is not the solution
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--Mark Delany wrote on 03.03.03 19:39 +0000:

> Indeed. The Holy Grail.
> 
>> I think you'll find that most businesses that have a "sales@" or "info@"
>> address on their Web site require the ability to receive e-mail from anyone.
> 
> Sounds like we're in violent agreement.

For addresses which only receive individual emails (like info@
and webmaster@) checksum-based distributed systems like DCC
provide nearly 100% accuracy without false positives, and even
in that case you still have a copy in the spam-folder.

But the solution sought here should prevent unsolicited mail at
the sender. You cant do this with content-scanning and it will
take at least 10 years to become usable for a sales@-address
which is too worried about loosing business from a misconfigured
or not-updated potential client.

Roland

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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
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Hadmut wrote:
> I disagree.
> There are many MUAs and mail handling programs which can't cope with
> + mail addresses and fail to sort mails, recognize senders etc.
	Disagree if you wish. While "many" don't, "many" do... For
instance, my mail server and client (Outlook Express) had no problem
receiving the mail you sent with a From field that looked like:

	From: hadmut+45852e998cdb18c752c9d9b6cf77aef7@danisch.de 
	[mailto:hadmut+45852e998cdb18c752c9d9b6cf77aef7@danisch.de] 

	Thus, while some servers and clients may have problems, I can
assure you that many people are able to handle single-user emails today.
Additionally, it is a fairly small change to existing systems to have
them adopt the existing convention of ignoring text between the "+" and
"@" symbols.
	Any solution that relies on a new header field will require that
changes be made to both sender's and receiver's software. Thus, as I
pointed out in my earlier message, such solutions will require
significantly more design as well as longer propogation time before they
are available to substantial numbers of people. On the other hand, a
solution based on "single-user" addresses is useful immediately to a
large number of people even if not to everyone. The key to making it
more broadly useful is simply convincing more mail providers to adopt
the already existing convention of ignoring content between the "+" and
"@" characters.
	Single-user addresses work for many people today. Anything based
on a new header field won't work for anyone for a long time. I think the
solution that works for some today is superior to a hypothetical
solution that is useless until some date in the far future...

		bob wyman


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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: mike.pearson@ssc.govt.nz
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proven solution for authenticating messages
Message-ID: <20030303213350.GA13559@danisch.de>
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 22:33:50 +0100

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 09:58:40AM +1300, mike.pearson@ssc.govt.nz wrote:

> OBSERVATIONS: Firstly some observations about the other 
> tools we have at our disposal:
> 
> 1. Text filters (reject messages if "string" found): 
> 2. Blacklists (reject messages from senders on the list):
> 3. Whitelists (accept messages from senders on the list):

I agree that these three methods don't work properly.





> CONCEPT: And now the concept...
> 
> The New Zealand government has developed a specification for 
> securing Internet email (authentication/encryption/integrity), 
> between agencies, using S/MIME gateways.
> http://www.e-government.govt.nz/see/mail/index.asp

Naw, I don't see that this could work in the internet for those
reasons:

- Almost the same could be achieved by simply using the
  STARTTLS command of ESMTP. Our rackland server is configured
  to use it, but a view on the log files shows that extremely
  few other servers support this.

  S/MIME - precisely: the PKI -  is simply too complicated for most
  mail admins. Otherwise most relays would already use it.

  Why not simply use TLS if it already exists and is implemented? 
  Because people refuse to use it.

- The cryptographic approach depends on a working PKI. It works in 
  NZ government, because this is a centralized organization with a 
  single authority. Setting up a PKI in such an environment is easy.

  But how do you want to setup a PKI in the whole internet? All
  efforts to do so failed so far. There are even countries where such
  a use of cryptography is illegal. 

- Cryptographic keys can be stolen or get lost. Do you really believe
  that these keys will stay safe and secret on all those Windows boxes
  in the world? 


How would you establish such a S/MIME infrastructure in, lets say,
Northkorea, Iraq, some of the states of Africa?


Hadmut






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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Bob Wyman <bob@wyman.us>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Mail Cookies Was: Single-User Addresses
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 22:38:35 +0100





On Mon, Mar 03, 2003 at 04:00:29PM -0500, Bob Wyman wrote:
> Single-user addresses since they require both sender and receiver to
> have mail systems that understand the additional header fields. On the
> other hand, handling of a single-user address of the form
> "username+signature@example.com" is something that can be deployed
> immediately by any mail recipient who has a mail server capable of
> ignoring the signature part when determing who the mail is destined for.
> Thus, if you use sendmail for SMTP, or you use Earthlink or a number of
> other mail providers, you can create and use single-user addresses NOW.
> All you have to do is put the single-user email address into the
> "reply-to" and "From" fields of your messages.

...

> result in minimal disruption to the existing protocols. The single user
> address (especially if based on the "+" convention) allows the method to
> be used with NO modifications to existing protocols.


I disagree.

There are many MUAs and mail handling programs which can't cope with
+ mail addresses and fail to sort mails, recognize senders etc. 
Maybe your MTA can transport these mails, but lots of mail programs
will fail. E.g. the complete mail routing software running on 
the rackland server will fail. 


Just as an experiment: 

I just sent this message to the asrg@ietf.org mailing list with 
a sender address

From: hadmut+45852e998cdb18c752c9d9b6cf77aef7@danisch.de


The mailing list processor didn't accept it and queued it
for approval. So these + mail addresses don't even work on this 
mailing list. So your assumption of "minimal disruption" is wrong.



In contrast, a new header line is fully transparent and really can 
be handled by any MTA and MUA.

Hadmut

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Bob Wyman <bob@wyman.us>
Cc: hadmut+45852e998cdb18c752c9d9b6cf77aef7@danisch.de, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Mail Cookies Was: Single-User Addresses
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 22:41:00 +0100

On Mon, Mar 03, 2003 at 04:33:25PM -0500, Bob Wyman wrote:
>
> 	Disagree if you wish. While "many" don't, "many" do... For
> instance, my mail server and client (Outlook Express) had no problem
> receiving the mail you sent with a From field that looked like:
> 
> 	From: hadmut+45852e998cdb18c752c9d9b6cf77aef7@danisch.de 
> 	[mailto:hadmut+45852e998cdb18c752c9d9b6cf77aef7@danisch.de] 
>
> 
> 	Thus, while some servers and clients may have problems, I can
> assure you that many people are able to handle single-user emails today.
> Additionally, it is a fairly small change to existing systems to have
> them adopt the existing convention of ignoring text between the "+" and
> "@" symbols.


As the experiment just proved: Not even this ASRG mailing list can 
cope with it...


Hadmut
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On Monday, March 3, 2003, at 12:43  PM, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

>   A HTTP link could contain this:
>
>   <a href="mailto:..." cookie="..."> with a cookie valid only
>   for an hour. You always can directly send email by just clicking
>   on the link, but taking the address and cookie into an address
>   list is useless.

This is inadvisable as it would require a change to the [X]HTML 
document type definitions, because "cookie" would be a new attribute of 
the "a" element. One can neatly solve this by defining an XML namespace 
for this purpose, say, "spam". The code then becomes this:

<a href="mailto:..." spam:cookie="...">...

--
Fred

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Reply-To: <bob+45852e998cbd18c7652@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Mail Cookies Was: Single-User Addresses
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Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> As the experiment just proved: Not even this ASRG mailing 
> list can cope with it...
	Your experiment proves nothing other than that this mailing list
software works as advertised. When you registered for the mailing list,
you told it the email address that you would use when sending messages.
The address you gave it did not include the key, thus, your message was
put in the approval queue. I haven't tested it, but I wouldn't be
surprised if things would have worked well if you had registered as
"hadmut+....@danisch.de" rather than as simply "hadmut@danisch.de".
	In any case, this particular problem only happens when the
receiving software has implemented a white list (as this mailing list
software does) and if you have inserted the signature into the "FROM"
field. The same problem will not happen, however, if you leave your FROM
field as your base address (no signature) and only insert the signature
into the "Reply-To" field.
	If this message reaches the list, it will prove that a signature
embedded in the reply-to field does not interfere with mailing
processing. Since I've modified the reply-to heading for this mail to
include a "signature." Many people will, in fact, be able to benefit
immediately from single-user addresses. One will simply need to avoid
supplying such addresses to mailing lists or users of systems that don't
support the things. This is not ideal, but it is better than waiting for
a few years for new headers to be supported broadly.

		bob wyman


-----Original Message-----
From: Hadmut Danisch [mailto:hadmut@danisch.de] 
Sent: Monday, March 03, 2003 4:41 PM
To: Bob Wyman
Cc: hadmut+45852e998cdb18c752c9d9b6cf77aef7@danisch.de; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Mail Cookies Was: Single-User Addresses


On Mon, Mar 03, 2003 at 04:33:25PM -0500, Bob Wyman wrote:
>
> 	Disagree if you wish. While "many" don't, "many" do... For
instance, 
> my mail server and client (Outlook Express) had no problem receiving 
> the mail you sent with a From field that looked like:
> 
> 	From: hadmut+45852e998cdb18c752c9d9b6cf77aef7@danisch.de 
> 	[mailto:hadmut+45852e998cdb18c752c9d9b6cf77aef7@danisch.de]
>
> 
> 	Thus, while some servers and clients may have problems, I can
assure 
> you that many people are able to handle single-user emails today. 
> Additionally, it is a fairly small change to existing systems to have 
> them adopt the existing convention of ignoring text between the "+" 
> and "@" symbols.


As the experiment just proved: Not even this ASRG mailing list can 
cope with it...


Hadmut

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From: Roland <list-asrg@openrbl.org>
To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Mail Cookies Was: Single-User Addresses
In-Reply-To: <20030303213835.GA13866@danisch.de>
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--Hadmut Danisch wrote on 03.03.03 22:38 +0100:

> There are many MUAs and mail handling programs which can't cope with
> + mail addresses and fail to sort mails, recognize senders etc. 
> Maybe your MTA can transport these mails, but lots of mail programs
> will fail. E.g. the complete mail routing software running on 
> the rackland server will fail. 
> 
> Just as an experiment: 
> 
> I just sent this message to the asrg@ietf.org mailing list with 
> a sender address
> 
> From: hadmut+45852e998cdb18c752c9d9b6cf77aef7@danisch.de

I dont understand the nitpicking on '+'.

If you cant subscribe to a mailing-list because the address
contains this character the software is obviously broken.

Such an extension-character (which is a simple dash on qmail
and courier for example, and might be even a dot on others)
should have no effect except for local delivered mail where
explicitely configured.

> In contrast, a new header line is fully transparent and really can 
> be handled by any MTA and MUA.

The invocation would have to follow this semantic:

<a href="mailto:...?cookie=...&subject=...">

but this wont be recognized by any existing client out there,
and the only use will be for those clicking on mailto-links.

Such a cookie will have to be included within either the local
part or in the domain-part (as subdomain) to be compatible.

Roland

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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 00:08:07 +0000

Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> Even when I'm on the road and using a foreign ISP on the other side
> of the world, I always drop my email to the very same relay machine,
> simply because thats easier. My notebook doesn't need to bother with
> DNS queries and temporarily unavailable peers.  I drop all my
> outgoing mail to central host, and this host is doing the job.

That doesn't generally work because the mail hub will tend to reject
mail so sent because you're coming from a different ISP.  eg. sales
person uses aol.com, eartlink.net (or other international ISP) drops
of mail at mail.foo.com mail hub, and if the mail hub isn't vulnerable
to the open relay problem, it will reject the mail.

The other problem with RMX is that it relies on DNS which itself has
horrendous security vulnerabilities due to inherent limitations in the
protocol.  RMX inherits them and so is inherently easy to spoof and
bypass.  See for example: http://www.securityfocus.com/guest/17905
for a good survey paper on DNS vulnerabilities.

Also I'm not sure as another poster noted how much it even helps:
disposable ISP free accounts (AOL CD syndrome) are a major source,
with RMX the problem is not even improved.

Adam
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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: no benefit conclusion likely wrong (Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 00:34:27 +0000

Robert Ferrell writes:
> It seems to me that if we could get the 0.01% (or whatever the
> figure is) of people who respond to spam to stop it, the problem
> would go away on its own.  There has to be a cost benefit to
> spamming in order for it to continue.

I think this conclusion is suspect and probably wrong.

It is likely the case that many spammer clients do not make money from
their spam.  Therefore all that is necessary for spam to continue
being a problem is a continuing supply of greedy and ignorant clients
that spammers can con into paying them to spam.

Getting people to not respond would only be a good thing of course.

Adam
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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 00:45:28 +0000

Keith Moore wrote:
> [summary of approaches...]
> 
> which ones am I missing?

Hashcash?

http://www.cypherspace.org/hashcash/

the idea is that a sender has to compute a token which takes some
tunable amount of cpu resources, and the recipient can verify quickly.
The recipient will then delete/bounce/filter according to the presence
or absence of such tokens.

See also CAMRAM http://www.camram.org which is an anti-spam proposal
based around hashcash and signatures.

The obvious extension to reduce the CPU requirements is to only
require hashcash tokens on first mail to a new recipient that has
never replied to a mail from you (an unsolicited mail).  A reply then
automatically includes a reusable token allowing subsequent messages
to be sent without further tokens.

The recipient can verify the token locally without reference to any
remote databases.  The tokens are not reusable as they are only valid
for the recipient.  Then tokens can not be used to send multiple
messages to the same recipient because his hashcash aware client will
reject them as double spent.

Adam
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	s)
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 13:51:20 +1300

Wired has a very good article on the topic: 
http://www.wired.com/news/infostructure/0,1377,57613,00.html

This says "A significant number of spammers apparently aren't at all
interested in whether anyone buys their wares. Instead, they feed off other
spammers in a bizarre cannibalistic pyramid scheme."


Regards, 
Mike Pearson, S.E.E. Manager                      http://www.see.govt.nz

Phone : +64  (4) 495-6769
Fax   : +64  (4) 495-6669  
Mobile: +64 (21) 631-731 

mailto: mike.pearson@ssc.govt.nz

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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Textual Analysis is not the solution
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 16:16:50 -0500 (EST)

On Mon, 3 Mar 2003, Roland wrote:

> But the solution sought here should prevent unsolicited mail at
> the sender. You cant do this with content-scanning and it will
> take at least 10 years to become usable for a sales@-address
> which is too worried about loosing business from a misconfigured
> or not-updated potential client.

No, that's not true.  There's something totally obvious that many people
in the computer field overlook:

	Human brainpower

It is my contention that no technological solution will solve the spam
problem, at least not to a high degree of satisfaction.  The best we
can do is come up with tools that make people as efficient as
possible, and then leave the final decision up to a person.

Think of paper mail: Many corporations filter paper mail for their top
executive through clerical staff who perform triage.  The clerical
staff's time is comparatively cheap and it makes sense to have people
perform this duty.

Now transfer that analogy to e-mail.  A system that performs
first-pass automatic sorting gets you 90-98% of the way there,
depending on its sophistication.  It makes sense to have clerical
staff spend a few minutes a day going through the remaining
questionable e-mail.

It's (probably) no secret that my company sells anti-spam tools, and
this is our approach.  A broad-spectrum of technological approaches,
with the final decision being made by a human.  Of course, that human
can grant the automatic processes some decision-making power; there's
a risk/efficiency tradeoff that we leave up to our customers.

This scheme works really well for corporations, but, alas, not so well
for individual end-users.  Nevertheless, allowing a tradeoff between
automation and human intervention is, IMO, the best solution for the
forseeable future.

If we change e-mail protocols so that spam becomes impossible, we'll
change the whole nature of the medium that makes it so attractive in
the first place.  For every "abusive" trick performed by a spammer,
there are legitimate uses for that trick.

--
David.
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 19:08:19 -0800 (PST)

Actually, I find the idea of "mail cookie" rather interesting, it creates 
standard way for whitelist-like verification and it also solves the 
problem with displaying address on the website to be used by your 
customers to send email immediatly but not necessarily be able to get 
collected and used by spammers in the future. I personally had somewhat 
similar idea with using public key embedded in the email address.

And while need of faster solution does exist, we should not discurd solutions 
that require more time. Also do note that everything changes, we had HTML 
1.0, then 2.0, 3.0, etc all not being entirely compatible with each 
other. That email has survived for so long with so few changes is at best 
surprising. But serious changes do take long long time to implement and 
go from development to production to wide acceptance so if long term 
solutions is adapted we need to think about recomendation for short-term 
solutions as well, in fact probably both short-term and long-term plans 
should discussed at the same time and not considered in opposition to each 
other.

On Mon, 3 Mar 2003, Bob Wyman wrote:

> Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> > As the experiment just proved: Not even this ASRG mailing 
> > list can cope with it...
> 	Your experiment proves nothing other than that this mailing list
> software works as advertised. When you registered for the mailing list,
> you told it the email address that you would use when sending messages.
> The address you gave it did not include the key, thus, your message was
> put in the approval queue. I haven't tested it, but I wouldn't be
> surprised if things would have worked well if you had registered as
> "hadmut+....@danisch.de" rather than as simply "hadmut@danisch.de".
> 	In any case, this particular problem only happens when the
> receiving software has implemented a white list (as this mailing list
> software does) and if you have inserted the signature into the "FROM"
> field. The same problem will not happen, however, if you leave your FROM
> field as your base address (no signature) and only insert the signature
> into the "Reply-To" field.
> 	If this message reaches the list, it will prove that a signature
> embedded in the reply-to field does not interfere with mailing
> processing. Since I've modified the reply-to heading for this mail to
> include a "signature." Many people will, in fact, be able to benefit
> immediately from single-user addresses. One will simply need to avoid
> supplying such addresses to mailing lists or users of systems that don't
> support the things. This is not ideal, but it is better than waiting for
> a few years for new headers to be supported broadly.
> 
> 		bob wyman
> 
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hadmut Danisch [mailto:hadmut@danisch.de] 
> Sent: Monday, March 03, 2003 4:41 PM
> To: Bob Wyman
> Cc: hadmut+45852e998cdb18c752c9d9b6cf77aef7@danisch.de; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Mail Cookies Was: Single-User Addresses
> 
> 
> On Mon, Mar 03, 2003 at 04:33:25PM -0500, Bob Wyman wrote:
> >
> > 	Disagree if you wish. While "many" don't, "many" do... For
> instance, 
> > my mail server and client (Outlook Express) had no problem receiving 
> > the mail you sent with a From field that looked like:
> > 
> > 	From: hadmut+45852e998cdb18c752c9d9b6cf77aef7@danisch.de 
> > 	[mailto:hadmut+45852e998cdb18c752c9d9b6cf77aef7@danisch.de]
> >
> > 
> > 	Thus, while some servers and clients may have problems, I can
> assure 
> > you that many people are able to handle single-user emails today. 
> > Additionally, it is a fairly small change to existing systems to have 
> > them adopt the existing convention of ignoring text between the "+" 
> > and "@" symbols.
> 
> 
> As the experiment just proved: Not even this ASRG mailing list can 
> cope with it...
> 
> 
> Hadmut
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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From: Michael Marking <marking@tatanka.com>
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 21:28:41 -0800 (PST)



-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

One problem with text filters of various kinds is that the spammer is
unaware that the spam won't be delivered. There is no incentive for the
spammer not to continue to send mail to an address which is filtering,
possibly even discarding all such spam.

Blacklists, at least those which operate at the time connection is made,
at least offer some notice to the spammer that resources are being
wasted. They also allow the possibility of an additional legal measure:
it could be legislated that a spammer which continues to send to an
address after some proper connection refusal might be guilty of a theft
of service of some kind, which could have civil and criminal penalties.

At least one hashcash system (http://ssl.dizum.com/hashcash/) adds a new
header to the e-mail:

	X-Hashcash: <token>

This has a similar problem to that of text filtering: the spammer isn't
aware that the mail is unwelcome.

Properly implemented, an ephemeral address (expiring after a short
period), a single-user address, or a signed address can work at the time
connection is made or attempted, giving notice to the spammer that the
mail is not wanted, and reducing resource use in subsequent operations.

It should be possible to combine these mechanisms in a way which works
with current mailers, and still preserves some compatibility in case the
protocols are extended. For example, the current systems allow mail
addresses of the form

	<username>@<dnsname>

These addresses are seen at the time SMTP connections are established,
in MAIL and RCPT messages. Suppose we define some new tokens, so an
address becomes

	<prefix><mechanism><value><separator><username>@<dnsname>

This should be done in such a way that the combination

	<prefix><mechanism><value><separator><username>

is a valid <username> by itself.

<prefix> can be some unusual sequence, and can even be done on a domain-
by-domain basis. Suppose we use "AAA", assuming that no ordinary
username in our domain begins with "AAA".

<mechanism> is the type of additional information used. For example, we
might have

	HC	hashcash
	EP	ephemeral prefix
	SU	single user address

and so on.

<value> is whatever is required, as long as it is not the separator, and
consists of valid username characters.

<separator> can be a simple sequence; assume an underscore for this
example.

An address with an added hashcash value might be

	AAAHC01234567_joe@domain.com

This could be deemed equivalent to adding the header

	X-Hashcash: 01234567

to the body of the e-mail, where the "normal" recipient might simply be
joe@domain.com.

Of course, this is clumsier than changing the protocols, but it can be
made to work by simple modifications to existing software. It is fairly
easy to get the MAIL and RCPT addresses at connect time; that is how
most blacklists work. In time, there could be a migration to a better
protocol, but this could work quickly as in interim solution, and
wouldn't break existing software.

The error message passed back to the sender could make it clear what
would be required for the mail to go through. (The sender might be
directed to prefix a hashcash value, use an ephemeral address, or use
a one-time key.)

An ISP or systems administrator could implement this automatically
without work by the users: the prefix/mechanism/value could be added and
parsed by the MTA without the user seeing it. The policy could be
selective, based (for example) by finding the sender on a blacklist or
greylist, or by being able to authenticate the sender. The MTA might in
some circumstances learn the mechanism/value by looking through the
headers (for X-Hashcash, for example).

The sender's MTA could also implement automatic recovery. If an e-mail
were rejected for lack of postage (hashcash), the MTA might
automatically retry sending the message after computing the proper
value, and the sender need not be aware of the operation.

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Date: 4 Mar 2003 05:39:27 +0000

On Mon, Mar 03, 2003 at 09:28:41PM -0800, Michael Marking allegedly wrote:

> An address with an added hashcash value might be
> 
> 	AAAHC01234567_joe@domain.com
> 
> This could be deemed equivalent to adding the header
> 
> 	X-Hashcash: 01234567
> 
> to the body of the e-mail, where the "normal" recipient might simply be
> joe@domain.com.
> 
> Of course, this is clumsier than changing the protocols, but it can be
> made to work by simple modifications to existing software.

What about using esmtp-params?

Mail From: <joe@domain.com> hashcash=01234567

It's codified in rfc2821.


Regards.
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Date: 04 Mar 2003 00:00:13 -0600

In <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303032126330.12854-100000@biscuit.tatanka.com> Michael Marking <marking@tatanka.com> writes:

> One problem with text filters of various kinds is that the spammer is
> unaware that the spam won't be delivered. There is no incentive for the
> spammer not to continue to send mail to an address which is filtering,
> possibly even discarding all such spam.

Spammers don't care about undelivered spam.  Most of the time, they
won't even know because they use open proxies, forged from addresses
and forged reply-to addresses.

It is not worth the spammer's time to filter out bogus email
addresses.  Spamming is so cheap, that they would need to filter out
tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of bogus email
addresses per hour to make it worth their time.


-wayne

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Subject: [Asrg] Spam definitions, spam solutions
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 23:00:35 -0800


I've been at the spam problem for a long time, writing challenge/response
blockers back in 97, proposing a lot of other solutions even earlier.

However, I come at it with a strong free speech perspective, as
chairman of the E.F.F.   Not that I don't think you have a right
to refuse communications or decide who you will listen to, but
rather that we as architects of new communications systems have a
duty to assure our architecture doesn't end up making default
decisions against free communication, since that could go against
our values.  My values, anyway.

For example, you don't design a fail-closed system as a default,
only for people who knowingly insist on them.  Like it or not, we've
come to realize the value of communication being open by default.
E-mail is the replacement for mail, and in many cases the phone, and
in many cases many other media.   It is entirely based on private
property, so not subject to the normal constitutional protections.
Some consider that a feature, however it's also a bug.

I've considered a number of consent based solutions over the years,
but mostly abandoned them.  Without authentication in mail they
require too much user configuration, which users won't do.

While many of my observations over the years can be found in my
essays at
	http://www.templetons.com/brad/spume/

Let me point to two in particular.   The first is my current best
plan for getting rid of spam, which only minimally involves consent
or filtering from a technical standpoint.

	http://www.templetons.com/brad/spume/endspam.html

And let me also offer the best definition of spam I have come up
with.  A definition is necessary for any non-technical approaches, and
even for some technical ones.   It is detailed in full at:

	http://www.templetons.com/brad/spume/define.html

It is "bulk mail from a stranger" -- where bulk means any form of
mass mailing (even if the individual components differ) and a
stranger is somebody you've never initiated contact with.


This is quite a narrow definition, but the web page details why the
definition has to be narrow to work.

The spam debate gets much nastier than it should, generating a remarkable
amount of emotion.  Still, this seems like a serious group so perhaps
there can be some light instead of heat.

Of course, not everybody is a strong free speech defender as we at
the EFF are.  If you are, you may want to consider some of the
princples we've laid out at:

    http://www.templetons.com/brad/spume/prin.html

Some of them are not popular in the anti-spam community, but we
stick by them.  However, they make the problem harder.  Protecting
the right of anonymous communication is particularly challenging.
Not punishing the innocent to get at the guilty is at odds with
many of the better known blacklisters.   Spammers themselves are
scum, selfishly destroying the value of E-mail for their own
purposes, but the free speech business is sadly always about protecting
rights that get abused by the unpopular.


(That should stir stuff up :-)
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From: Prasenjeet Dutta <bulk@chaoszone.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proven solution for authenticating messages
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Date: Tue, 04 Mar 2003 12:50:25 +0530
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Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> - Almost the same could be achieved by simply using the
>   STARTTLS command of ESMTP. Our rackland server is configured
>   to use it, but a view on the log files shows that extremely
>   few other servers support this.
 >
>   Why not simply use TLS if it already exists and is implemented? 
>   Because people refuse to use it.

It could also be because most PKI infrastructure is based on the X.509 
model, which (though scalable) requires folk needing a certificate to 
cough up cash to CAs like Verisign. Also, for secure personal 
communication (as opposed to electronic commerce), PGP has been arguably 
far more popular than S/MIME. Especially given its free, bottom-up 'web 
of trust' model, PGP may well succeed where the top-down X.509 has not.

Again, what is the goal of using TLS for email? Securing the messages? 
That opens up a new battle with the monitoring agencies. Or is it (from 
the anti-spam point of view) to let SMTP servers non-repudiably identify 
themselves? If this is the goal, then it can be done with far less 
overhead than TLS.

Digital signatures inserted by the *server* (not by the user, who should 
not have to bother with the complexity of this) to identify *itself*, 
using an  RFC 2440 infrastructure, may be more successful in making 
individual SMTP servers identifiable and accountable for what they spew 
onto the Internet. Consider this fragment:

O:  Received: from localhost by europa
O:    (Exim version 3.12 #1); Wed, 22 Jan 2003 07:10:06
O:  Origin-Server-Identity: public-key;
O:	europa.uri.com (12.10.58.222)
O:  Origin-Server-Key: <mailto:osk+europa@uri.com>
O:  Origin-Server-Signature: rfc2440; encoding=base64
O:	iQA/AwUAPi2tY1VioDO/jwwhEQIyrACg6HYQDh+ynXbfqSp+4hF3kfb6zQIAnRYN
O:	Ca1gPsBiRizLdYbtci4yVJRziQA/AwUAPi2tY1VioDO/jwwhEQIyrACg6HYQDh+y
O:	nXbfqSp+4hF3kfb6zQIAnRYNCa1gPsBiRizLdYbtci4yVJRz
O:	=1cuV
O:  Message-ID: <002b01c2c1b7$30889ab0$1c01010a@europa>

Here, the Origin-Server-Identity and Origin-Server-Key is signed and the 
signature is placed inline in the Origin-Server-Signature header. This 
signature can even be created offline as a one-time affair. The 
recipient server (or a plug-in within it) would have to compare the 
stated origin server name/IP address with the actual server name/IP 
address, and check if the key is trusted, as well as for revocation.

The best part is, given modern mail servers and their ability to run 
plug-ins, all of this is doable without any change to existing MTAs. No 
change is required to MUAs or users' email habits as well.


-- 
Prasenjeet Dutta
http://www.chaoszone.org/



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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
Message-ID: <20030304092839.GA1965@danisch.de>
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 10:28:39 +0100

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 12:08:07AM +0000, Adam Back wrote:
> Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> > Even when I'm on the road and using a foreign ISP on the other side
> > of the world, I always drop my email to the very same relay machine,
> > simply because thats easier. My notebook doesn't need to bother with
> > DNS queries and temporarily unavailable peers.  I drop all my
> > outgoing mail to central host, and this host is doing the job.
> 
> That doesn't generally work because the mail hub will tend to reject
> mail so sent because you're coming from a different ISP.  eg. sales
> person uses aol.com, eartlink.net (or other international ISP) drops
> of mail at mail.foo.com mail hub, and if the mail hub isn't vulnerable
> to the open relay problem, it will reject the mail.


Hmm, I silently presumed that everybody is aware that we don't
have an open relay. The machine supports several kinds of
authentication through STARTTLS and SASL. You can drop mail only
if you authenticated before. 

(I don't even use SMTP to drop my mail. All mail sent from home
(DSL with dynamic IP) or when I'm on the road is exchanged with
the central Mail hub through BSMTP/UUCP over SSL. That's much 
faster, more secure and more robust than plain SMTP.)





 
> The other problem with RMX is that it relies on DNS which itself has
> horrendous security vulnerabilities due to inherent limitations in the
> protocol.  RMX inherits them and so is inherently easy to spoof and
> bypass.  See for example: http://www.securityfocus.com/guest/17905
> for a good survey paper on DNS vulnerabilities.


Agreed, but we won't get rid of DNS here, and in context of 
mail transfer we need DNS anyway. Fixing the security problems of 
DNS is the task of another IETF working group. We shouldn't try
to improve the whole world, but focus on spam.







> Also I'm not sure as another poster noted how much it even helps:
> disposable ISP free accounts (AOL CD syndrome) are a major source,
> with RMX the problem is not even improved.

I don't see the problem. If anyone uses such a CD, she is still 
limited to the aol domain and can't send e.g. as @hotmail.com or
@danisch.de. 

Furthermore, I see the end of the AOL CD era coming for several
reasons. First is, that people are throwing their modems and 
ISDN cards away and are running to have a DSL account. Sales
of modems and ISDN cards have dramatically decreased. That's the
end of those AOL CDs.

Second is, under german - and I believe under european - law 
ISPs are required to state their customers identity. I guess
the same will come in the USA after 9/11. It will become
more and more difficult to have anonymous access to the internet.


Third, when a thing like RMX comes to fly, anonymous customers
will have to find a RMX covering the AOL addresses in order to 
send spam. There will be very few domains doing so, maybe just
aol.com. If AOL goes on with supporting spam, they will be 
blacklisted (which is effective in this case). They will have
to solve the problem.




regards
Hadmut


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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Prasenjeet Dutta <bulk@chaoszone.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org, mike.pearson@ssc.govt.nz
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proven solution for authenticating messages
Message-ID: <20030304093923.GB1965@danisch.de>
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 10:39:23 +0100

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 12:50:25PM +0530, Prasenjeet Dutta wrote:
> 
> It could also be because most PKI infrastructure is based on the X.509 
> model, which (though scalable) requires folk needing a certificate to 
> cough up cash to CAs like Verisign. Also, for secure personal 
> communication (as opposed to electronic commerce), PGP has been arguably 
> far more popular than S/MIME. Especially given its free, bottom-up 'web 
> of trust' model, PGP may well succeed where the top-down X.509 has
> not.

PGP (as we know it) will never do this job, since it lacks the
structure that X.509 has. PGP trust is based on a cloud of friends and
acquaintances, you will never get a working trust structure covering
the world wide email network.





> Again, what is the goal of using TLS for email? Securing the messages? 
> That opens up a new battle with the monitoring agencies. Or is it (from 
> the anti-spam point of view) to let SMTP servers non-repudiably identify 
> themselves? If this is the goal, then it can be done with far less 
> overhead than TLS.

You miss the point. I didn't discuss the goal of TLS. 

What I wanted to say: That is a mechanism that already is 
implemented and widely spread. No need to install new software. 
And even that one is rarely used, because cryptography is still
to complicated for most mail admins. The very same problem 
will apply to the S/MIME approach once it is used outside a 
centralized organisation like the NZ gov. 


Secondly, the NZ S/MIME doesn't provide end-to-end security, only
relay-to-relay. The same effect can be achieved with TLS. TLS is
already available, but people simply don't use it.



> Digital signatures inserted by the *server* (not by the user, who should 
> not have to bother with the complexity of this) to identify *itself*, 
> using an  RFC 2440 infrastructure, may be more successful in making 
> individual SMTP servers identifiable and accountable for what they spew 
> onto the Internet. Consider this fragment:



Again, you will never get a working PGP infrastructure reliably 
covering the whole e-mail world.

Hadmut
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 10:56:55 +0100

Hi altogether,

I'd like to bring the discussion a little bit in a shape
by asking you to keep the discussion about a solution 
separate from the discussion about how to implement it.

I'd like to discuss the method in principle of how to 
block spam separately from how we could implement this
method.

Should we start to write a web page to collect the
discussion results? Digging through the mail heap
is a little bit bothersome.



Furthermore, we could split the methods in two groups, 
the absolute and the relative methods. Absolute methods
apply to the whole world in the same way (e.g. a RMX
record or a X.509-S/MIME signature would be the same
for all possible recipients), while relative methods
apply only to certain recipients (e.g. cookies).




Currently, I see the following methods:



- Restrict sending with a certain sender address/domain to 
  a limited number of IP addresses (which might be bound to 
  a short time interval).

      Implementations: DNS (RMX, MX, A,...)
		       LDAP?
		       Specific service?



- Restrict sending to those who know a certain cryptographical
  secret bound to their personal identity.

      Implementations: 

         Message Signatures (S/MIME, X.509, PGP,...)
         Authentications (challenge/response...)
         address tricks (john+xxx@doe.com)



- Restrict sending to those who have any kind of relationship
  with the recipient


      Implementations:

         Cookies (e.g. in the header, in HTML refs, in News articles)
         Address tricks (john+xxx@doe.com)
	 Message ID tricks (e.g. need to reference a message which 
		 was originated from the recipient)


- Whitelisting

      Implementations:
	  ...


- Blacklisting

      Implementations:
	  ...



- Content Security

      Implementations:
		Text analysis
		Spam message database







		       
Hadmut
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From: Roland <list-asrg@openrbl.org>
To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
In-Reply-To: <20030304092839.GA1965@danisch.de>
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--Hadmut Danisch wrote on 04.03.03 10:28 +0100:

>> That doesn't generally work because the mail hub will tend to reject
>> mail so sent because you're coming from a different ISP.  eg. sales
>> person uses aol.com, eartlink.net (or other international ISP) drops
>> of mail at mail.foo.com mail hub, and if the mail hub isn't vulnerable
>> to the open relay problem, it will reject the mail.
> 
> Hmm, I silently presumed that everybody is aware that we don't
> have an open relay. The machine supports several kinds of
> authentication through STARTTLS and SASL. You can drop mail only
> if you authenticated before. 

I think we can safely assume the wide availability of authenticated
ESMTP for everybody within the next years, even if its just based on
plain old pop-bevore-smtp.
It's basically the lack of authenticated ESMTP (and capable clients)
which forced ISP's to limit relaying to their own dialup-range.
Some also want the revenue generated from pay-by-call, but thats
covered in the (limited-)service-agreement.

Any company doing business via the internet should provide a secure
SSL/TLS-capable smarthost for security reasons anyway, and this will
be likely at the MSA-port 587 so port 25 blocks at the isp will have
no effect.

>> The other problem with RMX is that it relies on DNS which itself has
>> horrendous security vulnerabilities due to inherent limitations in the
>> protocol.  RMX inherits them and so is inherently easy to spoof and
>> bypass.  See for example: http://www.securityfocus.com/guest/17905
>> for a good survey paper on DNS vulnerabilities.
> 
> Agreed, but we won't get rid of DNS here, and in context of 
> mail transfer we need DNS anyway. Fixing the security problems of 
> DNS is the task of another IETF working group. We shouldn't try
> to improve the whole world, but focus on spam.

Bulkers need to spew out millions of mails, they would need to poison
thausands of nameservers which is simply not feasible.
Such harmful manipulations are already covered by the laws in many
countries, and there are more secure alternatives to bind available.
 
>> Also I'm not sure as another poster noted how much it even helps:
>> disposable ISP free accounts (AOL CD syndrome) are a major source,
>> with RMX the problem is not even improved.
> 
> I don't see the problem. If anyone uses such a CD, she is still 
> limited to the aol domain and can't send e.g. as @hotmail.com or
> @danisch.de. 

Those freemail-services (I'll include AOL here...) are not any major
source of spam, its all the open relays and the dedicated spamhauses
which _pretend_ to come from there. Thats where RMX comes into play.

And an AOL-dialup simply has not enough bandwidth to be useful via
open proxies where a copy of the spam has to be sent individually
to each targeted server.
Spamming via open relays only required 1% of the bandwidth, but they
are mostly gone or too widely blocked to be useful anymore.

Roland

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References: <7B170C5E4008D311ABB70008C7D3825B03BC340E@saison.ssc.govt.nz> <20030303213350.GA13559@danisch.de> <3E6453B9.2080905@chaoszone.org> <20030304093923.GB1965@danisch.de>
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Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 12:50:25PM +0530, Prasenjeet Dutta wrote:
> 
>>It could also be because most PKI infrastructure is based on the X.509 
>>model, which (though scalable) requires folk needing a certificate to 
>>cough up cash to CAs like Verisign.
> 
> 
> PGP (as we know it) will never do this job, since it lacks the
> structure that X.509 has. PGP trust is based on a cloud of friends and
> acquaintances, you will never get a working trust structure covering
> the world wide email network.

I agree PGP's trust model does not scale well (however, it has lower 
overhead to set up). However, the idea of letting relays non-repudiably 
identify themselves to other relays is a sound one, I believe.

The only hitch is an infrastructural problem of getting a 
"relay-identity-only" CA up and running who'd handle the X.509 
infrastructure for handle certificate signing and revocation list 
management -- for little or no cost (cost obviously detering non-profits 
from using this).

Any entity registered with such a CA would satisfy Step #1 of Brad 
Templeton's plan for spam -- "Whitelist those who will be accountable 
for abuse", and we could reduce the problem set to dealing with rogue 
SMTP servers.

Is such a 'free' "relay-identity-only" CA feasible? (Perhaps running on 
donations from the community? Businesses spend enough on anti-spam 
software and bandwidth that they shouldn't mind paying to reduce the 
amount of spam they get.)


-- 
Prasenjeet Dutta
http://www.chaoszone.org/


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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Prasenjeet Dutta <bulk@chaoszone.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proven solution for authenticating messages
Message-ID: <20030304110921.GB3786@danisch.de>
References: <7B170C5E4008D311ABB70008C7D3825B03BC340E@saison.ssc.govt.nz> <20030303213350.GA13559@danisch.de> <3E6453B9.2080905@chaoszone.org> <20030304093923.GB1965@danisch.de> <3E648663.2060006@chaoszone.org>
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 12:09:21 +0100

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 04:26:35PM +0530, Prasenjeet Dutta wrote:
> 
> The only hitch is an infrastructural problem of getting a 
> "relay-identity-only" CA up and running who'd handle the X.509 
> infrastructure for handle certificate signing and revocation list 
> management -- for little or no cost (cost obviously detering non-profits 
> from using this).
> 
...
> Is such a 'free' "relay-identity-only" CA feasible? (Perhaps running on 
> donations from the community? Businesses spend enough on anti-spam 
> software and bandwidth that they shouldn't mind paying to reduce the 
> amount of spam they get.)



Keep the road warriors in mind. People keep critizing my RMX proposal
because they want to be able to send e-mail from virtually anywhere
with their mobile computers. You can't address this problem with a 
relay-identity-only CA. It's actually just a different implementation
of the RMX approach to reduce the mail origins to a limited number
of authorized relays. It's just a different
authentication/authorization mechanism.


The second problem is that you will never get such a CA approach
sufficiently widely spread. What to do with countries which don't
allow cryptography? What to do with admins who don't understand
cryptography? What to do with stolen or lost key? You'll need a 
revocation infrastructure, usually based on web or ldap servers. 


regards
Hadmut

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--Prasenjeet Dutta wrote on 04.03.03 16:26 +0530:

> The only hitch is an infrastructural problem of getting a "relay-identity-only" CA up and running who'd handle the X.509 infrastructure for handle certificate signing and revocation list management -- for little or no cost (cost obviously detering
> non-profits from using this).
> 
> Any entity registered with such a CA would satisfy Step #1 of Brad Templeton's plan for spam -- "Whitelist those who will be accountable for abuse", and we could reduce the problem set to dealing with rogue SMTP servers.

Such a 'whitelist of accountable servers' would need no cryptography
at all and could also be distributed via dnswl (note the 'W').

Problem here: what constitutes 'accountable', how many unresolved or
ignored complaints will be needed to revoke the privilegies, how could
they proof an address indeed has passed the verified opt-in with the
exact same entity which sent the mail (which also requires to compare
both signup-page, the confirmation-request and the content of the mail
manually) without allowing the mainsleaze for listwashing.

This would require a trusted entity which does the whole confirmation
and managment, some kind of 'consent clearinghouse'.

Roland

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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] filtering at connect time
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 08:24:53 -0500 (EST)

On Mon, 3 Mar 2003, Michael Marking wrote:

> One problem with text filters of various kinds is that the spammer is
> unaware that the spam won't be delivered.

Not necessarily.  Text filtering and how you handle rejection are
orthogonal; you can use (for example) Sendmail's Milter API to
fail MAIL FROM:, RCPT TO: or DATA commands.

> At least one hashcash system (http://ssl.dizum.com/hashcash/) adds a new
> header to the e-mail:
> 	X-Hashcash: <token>
> This has a similar problem to that of text filtering: the spammer isn't
> aware that the mail is unwelcome.

Not necessarily; you can fail the DATA command.

I would really like to see other MTA software (qmail, Postfix, Exim)
implement "real-time" filtering during the SMTP conversation.  As far
as I know, Sendmail is the only MTA that does this currently.

--
David.
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 08:26:05 -0500 (EST)

On Tue, 4 Mar 2003, wayne wrote:

> Spammers don't care about undelivered spam.  Most of the time, they
> won't even know because they use open proxies, forged from addresses
> and forged reply-to addresses.

However, there is a benefit to replying to spam with a 554 SMTP code.
If the spammers have been using an open relay, the open relay will generate
a bounce message that typically bounces, causing mail to go to
postmaster@open-relay.  This provides some incentive to close open relays.

--
David.
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Correct.  In fact, most spam filters do not affect mail routing 
themselves at all, they rely on the integration into the MTA paths to 
deal with re-routing.  They are in the process of being integrated more 
substantially into the MTAs/MUAs though, and with those integrations, 
they are beginning to affect routing as well.  This is basically being 
driven by "easy of use" considerations, where an admin doesn't want to 
have to spend several hours figuring out how to re-write their 
sendmail.cf to integrate SpamAssassin having downloaded some tarball 
from a website -- they want to just double-click install.exe on their 
Exchange server and have spam automatically stop getting through.  At 
that point, the default configuration from the vendor has to be 
thinking about the issues which Michael mentioned.

C

On Tuesday, March 4, 2003, at 05:24 AM, David F. Skoll wrote:

> On Mon, 3 Mar 2003, Michael Marking wrote:
>
>> One problem with text filters of various kinds is that the spammer is
>> unaware that the spam won't be delivered.
>
> Not necessarily.  Text filtering and how you handle rejection are
> orthogonal; you can use (for example) Sendmail's Milter API to
> fail MAIL FROM:, RCPT TO: or DATA commands.

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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 10:21:21 -0500 (EST)

On Tue, 4 Mar 2003, Craig Hughes wrote:

> There are two commercial areas where the "leave it to the end-user
> humans" approach fails though:

> 1. Situations where someone wishes to "protect" their users from
> obscene mail

How is that a problem?  A clerical person can easily delete porn.  Part of
the spam-control officer's job description might be to act as a porn-censor;
presumably, someone who is offered that job will be told that he/she might
see some distasteful things.

Besides, auto-detection of porn 100% of the time just isn't possible.

> 2. Some employees are better at making decisions that others

Right; so you hire a smart person or people to make the decision.

> And if there are large numbers of such
> employees (picture a giant email helpdesk or something), it's likely
> impractical, or at least non-scalable, to not automate the filtering
> process.

The key is to automate as much as possible/necessary, but no more.
You can delegate down to the department level, for example -- that
scales quite nicely.  Or you can have different levels of scanning --
just tagging, aggressive auto-deletion, delegation to help-desk staff,
or complete end-user control.  Good mail filtering software should
allow this flexibility and end-user choice.

> I agree there is a strong place for human intervention in spam
> filtering, but it's not always appropriate in all situations.

Ultimately, it's the only solution, since deciding whether or not a
particular e-mail is "spam" is non-computable.

> Maintainance of a target of creating the smartest (and most accurate)
> automatic filters we can build should endure.

Absolutely.  But end users must always at least be given the *choice*
to make the final decision.  If they decide to leave it up to the
filter, that's their conscious decision.

--
David.
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From: Prasenjeet Dutta <bulk@chaoszone.org>
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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proven solution for authenticating messages
References: <7B170C5E4008D311ABB70008C7D3825B03BC340E@saison.ssc.govt.nz> <20030303213350.GA13559@danisch.de> <3E6453B9.2080905@chaoszone.org> <20030304093923.GB1965@danisch.de> <3E648663.2060006@chaoszone.org> <20030304110921.GB3786@danisch.de>
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Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> Keep the road warriors in mind. People keep critizing my RMX proposal
> because they want to be able to send e-mail from virtually anywhere
> with their mobile computers. You can't address this problem with a 
> relay-identity-only CA.

Actually, we can -- my original proposal at 
<http://www.chaoszone.org/misc/spam.html> proposed using 
digital-signature based non-repudiable relays *in addition to* what I 
called DNSMX (==RMX) lookups: the RMX technique solves the problem for 
the vast majority of considerate SMTP servers, while road warriors (of 
whom I have to count myself as one -- this mail is reaching you via a 
SMTP server on my laptop) could use the digital signature based 
approach. Either way, relays are unambiguously identified.

> It's actually just a different implementation
> of the RMX approach to reduce the mail origins to a limited number
> of authorized relays. It's just a different
> authentication/authorization mechanism.

Indeed. The two complement each other quite well, I feel.

> The second problem is that you will never get such a CA approach
> sufficiently widely spread. What to do with countries which don't
> allow cryptography? What to do with admins who don't understand
> cryptography?

In my original proposal, to *send* email, there is *no cryptography* 
involved -- you only need a static string that can be generated by a CA 
for you (or you can generate it yourself).

To receive mail, no cryptography is required either. To verify a relay's 
identity, a plug-in inside your MTA needs to verify a digital signature. 
(Most countries allow digital signatures because law-enforcement is 
typically very interested in non-repudiable messages.) However, if you 
live in a country where verifying digital signatures is not permitted, 
you can choose to not do this (and use RMX verification solely) or use a 
web-service approach to get the signature verified in a country that 
does allow signature-verification.

What about administrators who don't understand crypto? Because the work 
of signature verification (or RMX verification) is likely to be done by 
a plugin in an MTA (Spam-Assassin style), they usually would not have to 
know the gory details.

> What to do with stolen or lost key? You'll need a 
> revocation infrastructure, usually based on web or ldap servers. 

Stolen/Lost/Compromised Keys can be revoked. Revocation checking can be 
done as part of the standard key verification process. Key revocation is 
possible in both RFC 2440 as well as X.509, so it is more of an 
infrastructure issue. The revocation infrastructure could possibly be 
managed by an entity like spamhaus or any responsible entity, perhaps 
with an IETF charter and mandate.


-- 
Prasenjeet Dutta
http://www.chaoszone.org/



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Subject: [Asrg] Going to Extremes to Fight Spam
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 16:22:20 +0100

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

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Going to Extremes to Fight Spam=20

http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,57867,00.html
Please take a look at wired.com and read about fighting spam.=20

I still feel that there is a need of some sort of mechanisme to check if =
a mail is comming from a known spammer adres. And we also need the =
checking methode if the user is sending from its own domain and out of =
its own name.

<snippet>
Return-path: <Yoshi4184@Yoshi4184.MyIP.org>
Received: from yoshi[192.168.0.102]
 by yoshi4184.myip.org [192.168.0.103]
 with SMTP (MDaemon.PRO.v5.0.4.R)
 for <SuSeLinux@Yoshi4184.MyIP.org>; Tue, 04 Mar 2003 15:46:59 +0100
</snippet>



step 1)
Server recieving e-mail.

step2.1)
check against spam-blacklist-server if 19.168.0.103/yoshi4184.myip.org =
is a trusted mail relay server.
if not --> drop mail to deadletterbox@domain.com=20

step2.2) (optional)
check against local maintaind spam-server-blacklist if =
19.168.0.103/yoshi4184.myip.org is a trusted mail relay server.
if not --> drop mail to deadletterbox@domain.com=20

step 3)
check if 192.168.0.102 is allowd to send in name of @Yoshi4184.MyIP.org
if not --> drop mail to deadletterbox@domain.com=20

step 4)
check if Yoshi4184@Yoshi4184.MyIP.org is a correct account at =
@Yoshi4184.MyIP.org
if not --> drop mail to deadletterbox@domain.com=20

step 5)
if all is ok accept mail.



------------------------------------------------
There are only 10 types of people in the world:=20
Those who understand binary and those who don't.
------=_NextPart_000_0204_01C2E26A.3ADCB9F0
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Diso-8859-1">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1126" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV>
<H1 class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><FONT size=3D2>
<P>Going to Extremes to Fight Spam </P></FONT></FONT></H1>
<H1 class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><A=20
href=3D"http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,57867,00.html">http:/=
/www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,57867,00.html</A></FONT></H1>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Please take a look at =
wired.com and read=20
about fighting spam. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>I still feel that there is a =
need of some=20
sort of mechanisme to check if a mail is comming from a known spammer =
adres. And=20
we also need the checking methode if the user is sending from its own =
domain and=20
out of its own name.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>&lt;snippet&gt;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Return-path: &lt;<A=20
href=3D"mailto:Yoshi4184@Yoshi4184.MyIP.org">Yoshi4184@Yoshi4184.MyIP.org=
</A>&gt;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Received: from=20
yoshi[192.168.0.102]<BR>&nbsp;by yoshi4184.myip.org=20
[192.168.0.103]<BR>&nbsp;with SMTP (MDaemon.PRO.v5.0.4.R)<BR>&nbsp;for =
&lt;<A=20
href=3D"mailto:SuSeLinux@Yoshi4184.MyIP.org">SuSeLinux@Yoshi4184.MyIP.org=
</A>&gt;;=20
Tue, 04 Mar 2003 15:46:59 +0100</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2>&lt;/snippet&gt;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>step 1)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Server recieving =
e-mail.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>step2.1)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>check against =
spam-blacklist-server if=20
19.168.0.103/yoshi4184.myip.org is a trusted mail relay =
server.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>if not --&gt; drop mail to =
<A=20
href=3D"mailto:deadletterbox@domain.com">deadletterbox@domain.com</A>=20
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>step2.2) =
(optional)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>check against local =
maintaind=20
spam-server-blacklist if 19.168.0.103/yoshi4184.myip.org is a trusted =
mail relay=20
server.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>if not --&gt; drop mail to =
<A=20
href=3D"mailto:deadletterbox@domain.com">deadletterbox@domain.com</A>=20
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg>&nbsp;</DIV></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>step 3)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>check if 192.168.0.102 is =
allowd to send=20
in name of <A=20
href=3D"mailto:Yoshi4184@Yoshi4184.MyIP.org">@Yoshi4184.MyIP.org</A></FON=
T></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>if not --&gt; drop mail to =
</FONT><A=20
href=3D"mailto:deadletterbox@domain.com"><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>deadletterbox@domain.com</FONT></A><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2> =
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>step 4)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>check if <A=20
href=3D"mailto:Yoshi4184@Yoshi4184.MyIP.org">Yoshi4184@Yoshi4184.MyIP.org=
</A>&nbsp;is=20
a correct account at <A=20
href=3D"mailto:Yoshi4184@Yoshi4184.MyIP.org">@Yoshi4184.MyIP.org</A></FON=
T></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>if not --&gt; drop mail to =
<A=20
href=3D"mailto:deadletterbox@domain.com">deadletterbox@domain.com</A>=20
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>step 5)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>if all is ok accept =
mail.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV class=3Dlg><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>------------------------------------------------<BR>There are =
only 10=20
types of people in the world: <BR>Those who understand binary and those =
who=20
don't.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

------=_NextPart_000_0204_01C2E26A.3ADCB9F0--

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> Problem here: what constitutes 'accountable' [...]
> This would require a trusted entity which does the whole confirmation
> and managment, some kind of 'consent clearinghouse'.

I agree, and this is the biggest challenge in this proposal. We already 
have a clutch of CAs in place, but I think the for-profit approach for 
e-mail CAs/Consent 'clearinghouses' will not work very well. In my mind, 
I'd imagine a not-for-profit, international entity with a clear charter 
and mandate. They could be the successors of today's spamhaus et al.

Of course, there's no reason why there should be only one trusted 
entity: there could be several.

-- 
Prasenjeet Dutta
http://www.chaoszone.org/



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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar  4 11:00:36 2003
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Going to Extremes to Fight Spam
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 11:00:04 -0500 (EST)

On Tue, 4 Mar 2003, Johan Louwers wrote:

> check against spam-blacklist-server if
> 19.168.0.103/yoshi4184.myip.org is a trusted mail relay server.

Blacklists have lots of problems, as most list readers know.  They
can be overly-broad, or else too narrow.

> check if 192.168.0.102 is allowd to send in name of @Yoshi4184.MyIP.org

This requires extensions such as RMX.

> check if Yoshi4184@Yoshi4184.MyIP.org is a correct account at
> @Yoshi4184.MyIP.org

How do you check this?  For example, Yahoo and all M$ Exchange servers
do not verify recipient addresses at RCPT TO: time.

> step 5)
> if all is ok accept mail.

You need textual analysis somewhere in the mix.  Blacklists are reactive,
overly-broad or too narrow.  Distributed checksum clearinghouses are
easily fooled by small changes to messages.

I'm not saying blacklists and DCC are useless; just that they need to be
used as part of a broad-spectrum approach.

--
David.
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 17:02:29 +0100

Hi,

it was already mentioned that a redesign of the Transfer
Protocol might be taken into consideration. I was already
collecting some thoughts when this working group came up.

Due to the forthcoming IETF meeting, it is currently not
possible to submit drafts. But if anyone likes to have
a glance at it:

http://www.danisch.de/tmp/draft_mtp.txt


regards
Hadmut
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Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> it was already mentioned that a redesign of the Transfer
> Protocol might be taken into consideration. I was already
> collecting some thoughts when this working group came up.
> 
> Due to the forthcoming IETF meeting, it is currently not
> possible to submit drafts. But if anyone likes to have
> a glance at it:
> 
> http://www.danisch.de/tmp/draft_mtp.txt
> 
> 
> regards
> Hadmut
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> 
Hadmut

wouldn't it be better to specify an XML schema so you can track the 
incoming message format version for syntax checking? I know http has 
it's uses, but doing an ugly back fit schema was a pain.

-- 
Martin Hepworth
Senior Systems Administrator
Solid State Logic Ltd
+44 (0)1865 842300




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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar  4 11:46:42 2003
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References: <020701c2e261$d9e517d0$6501630a@SUNTAC> <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303041056530.3384@shishi.roaringpenguin.com>
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> > check against spam-blacklist-server if
> > 19.168.0.103/yoshi4184.myip.org is a trusted mail relay server.
>
> Blacklists have lots of problems, as most list readers know.  They
> can be overly-broad, or else too narrow.
>

Correct, they can be overly-broad, or else too narrow. On the other hand...
if maintaind correctly and updated like DNS servers you have the option to
access a correct and good updated list. Which organisation would be
responsible of maintaining the list I do not known at this moment and should
be a point of disscusion in this mailling list I think.

Aboute the "too narrow" part, do not forget "step2.2) (optional)" .
Mail admins must have the possibilitie to maintain a local extension to the
list where they can add or exclude blacklisted servers.

> > check if 192.168.0.102 is allowd to send in name of @Yoshi4184.MyIP.org
>
> This requires extensions such as RMX.

maybe,.... a ISP knows what range of IP adresses are handed out to the
customers so think aboute a new kind of protocol something like SRCP (Spam
Rejection Control Protocol) where you have the option to check a IP adres
with the relaying server.

> > check if Yoshi4184@Yoshi4184.MyIP.org is a correct account at
> > @Yoshi4184.MyIP.org
>
> How do you check this?  For example, Yahoo and all M$ Exchange servers
> do not verify recipient addresses at RCPT TO: time.

Not the RCPT TO... you should check this as recieving mail server so you
have to check the MAIL FROM with the relaying server to verify that the
account sending the mail exists at that server.... make use of the just
discribed SRCP protocol (Spam Rejection Control Protocol). This check
mechanisme should be part of this protocol.

I think that spam is such a big problem we should not only think aboute
remoddeling existing protocols buth we should also think aboute creating a
new protocol to prevent SPAM. The only problem is that you need the
industrie to get this new protocol up and running with new versions of mail
servers. You also should think aboute a transaction time to update existing
servers and create new versions of mail serversm i think we are talking
aboute a transaction time of 2 to 2.5 years counting from the moment the new
protocol is ready for implementation.

reagrds,
Johan.

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	Tue, 4 Mar 2003 17:37:04 +0100
From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Martin hepworth <martinh@solid-state-logic.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP draft
Message-ID: <20030304163704.GA8549@danisch.de>
References: <20030304160229.GA7714@danisch.de> <3E64D191.8020202@solid-state-logic.com>
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 17:37:04 +0100

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 04:17:21PM +0000, Martin hepworth wrote:
> 
> wouldn't it be better to specify an XML schema so you can track the 
> incoming message format version for syntax checking? I know http has 
> it's uses, but doing an ugly back fit schema was a pain.
> 

Well, that's something I didn't think about. I was focussed on 
a HTTP approach and didn't even spend a second about XML. Maybe
that's better, while I still prefer the HTTP style, which does
the job very well, I think. 

But I agree, XML could be more powerful. The disadvantage is that
it might be difficult to keep the RFC 822 email structure...


Hadmut
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On Tue, 4 Mar 2003 17:02:29 +0100, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> it was already mentioned that a redesign of the Transfer
> Protocol might be taken into consideration. I was already
> collecting some thoughts when this working group came up.
> 
> Due to the forthcoming IETF meeting, it is currently not
> possible to submit drafts. But if anyone likes to have
> a glance at it:
> 
> http://www.danisch.de/tmp/draft_mtp.txt


My first thought - how about RSET or equivalent?
This is used far more often than may be thought to
clear down a SMTP connection to sync states of
originating and recipeint MTA's.

I am doinw some work for a client that is delivering
content to customers via email (subscription service!)
and we are hitting the limits of sendmail - RSET is a
godsend when SMTP gets in a tizzy and you just want
to wipe the slate and resubmit.



Jacqui Caren, Ingram Group Ltd. jacqui@ig.co.uk
ph: +44 (0) 1483 8628xx main=00 fax=01 ddi=65
http://www.ig.co.uk/ http://www.sitedirector.org/
http://www.perl.co.uk/


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Date: 4 Mar 2003 16:53:49 +0000

Hmm. On the basis of the web page, it appears that you have to
register for the entire IETF conference to attend the 2.5 hours
allocated to this WG.

Is that the case, or can one register just for the day or some such?


Regards.
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Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 04:17:21PM +0000, Martin hepworth wrote:
> 
>>wouldn't it be better to specify an XML schema so you can track the 
>>incoming message format version for syntax checking? I know http has 
>>it's uses, but doing an ugly back fit schema was a pain.
>>
> 
> 
> Well, that's something I didn't think about. I was focussed on 
> a HTTP approach and didn't even spend a second about XML. Maybe
> that's better, while I still prefer the HTTP style, which does
> the job very well, I think. 
> 
> But I agree, XML could be more powerful. The disadvantage is that
> it might be difficult to keep the RFC 822 email structure...
> 
> 
> Hadmut
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> 
Well just as easy to keep the mail structure as with http. You still 
need a starting doctype defn to be http1.1 compliant don't you?

-- 
Martin Hepworth
Senior Systems Administrator
Solid State Logic Ltd
+44 (0)1865 842300




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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Jacqui Caren <jacqui.caren@ig.co.uk>
Cc: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP draft
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 18:09:23 +0100

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 04:41:03PM +0000, Jacqui Caren wrote:
> 
> My first thought - how about RSET or equivalent?
> This is used far more often than may be thought to
> clear down a SMTP connection to sync states of
> originating and recipeint MTA's.



A MESSAGE command should always start from scratch
and implicitely include a RESET.

As an exception, the TLS state might remain unchanged until
a new STARTTLS command was issued.

And maybe successful authentications (SASL...) could stay
alive and collected till the end of the connections. But since
this is a matter of extensions it is not to be defined in the 
protocol itself. 

But I'll keep that in mind and think about it...

regards
Hadmut

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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP draft
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 12:13:09 -0500 (EST)

On Tue, 4 Mar 2003 17:02:29 +0100, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> http://www.danisch.de/tmp/draft_mtp.txt

One shortcoming of SMTP that really needs fixing is this: When you
send e-mail to multiple recipients, it is not possible to indicate
successful delivery to some recipients, but not all recipients, after
the data phase.

Therefore, rather than just a numeric reply code, I think the protocol should
reply with headers of its own.  For example, if the client says:

	Deliver-To: <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
	Deliver-To: <foo@roaringpenguin.com>

then the server should be able to reply:

	Delivery-Status: <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> 200 Accepted
	Delivery-Status: <foo@roaringpenguin.com> 554 Unacceptable content

Perhaps (probably) you intended this, but let's make it explicit.

--
David.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] filtering at connect time 
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From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Tue, 04 Mar 2003 17:20:35 +0000


One issue BTW that filter-during-SMTP-transaction systems have to think
about, is that if you teergrube or tempfail on an entire ESMTP connection
basis, this could result in affecting legit mail -- since legit mail may
be mixed in with spam, if (a) the spam was delivered to a mailing list, or
(b) the spam was sent to your secondary MX at around the same time as
some legitimate mail was.

David, I'm sure you've already considered this in the RoaringPenguin stuff
;)   But this technique is becoming more widely implemented, so it's worth
noting for the folks who haven't. ;)

--j.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP draft
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 10:49:50 -0700 (MST)

> > http://www.danisch.de/tmp/draft_mtp.txt

I've looked through that draft and many messages in the new archives
of this mailing list.  Unfortunately, both contain many statements
and assumptions that are common but I think incorrect.  Contrary to
various statements:

 - text filtering can give failure indications during SMTP transactions.  
  There are many examples of such systems, including some installations
  of SpamAssassin, the DCC, and many uses of the sendmail milter mechanism.


  - whether mail is solicited cannot be determined by examining headers,
   cryptographic checksums, or anything in a message.  Solicited mail
   is not only mail in response to previous mail, and not only because
   of the obvious chicken-and-egg problem in that.  Solicited mail is
   whatever the target wants, possibly including chain letters from 
   strangers or absolutely any other kind of mail.  There is no accounting
   for tastes.  No matter what kind of mail you think is unacceptable,
   someone somewhere wants it.


  - most talk of "header forgery" is confused.  The best demonstration
   of that fact was a recent message to this mailing list that talked about
   people "forging" their own addresses.  That makes no sense given
   the English definition of the verb "to forge."  You cannot "forge"
   your own name or address.

   The problem is that many and perhaps most so called "forged" mail
   From addresses in spam are no more "forged" than the home return
   address you put on picture postcards while on vacation.

   That the free mail provder of the mailbox has cancelled a spammer's
   account does not make the use of the mailbox "forgery" any more
   than your use of a hotel's address is forgery the day before you
   arrive or the day after you leave.

   Free mail providers and others have worked hard to get people to
   use "forge" to absolve them of their responsibility for providing
   dropboxes to spammers.


  - Many spammers do not care about DSNs or "bounces," but many others do. 
   Many spammers try to keep their target lists clean for various reasons,
   including the automated blocking of IP addresses.  It's said that
   some large ISP's count the number of invalid target mail addresses
   attempted and automatically blacklist IP addresses or domain names
   that try too many bad addresses.

   On the other hand many other spammers care so little that they use
   bogus SMTP command pipelining to send the client's side of the SMTP
   transaction in a single burst.  The FIN is queued before the STMP
   server has finished the reverse DNS lookup of the client's IP address.


  - PKI, X.500, PGP, SMIME, and all other authentication mechanisms
   are irrelevant to stopping spam.  It is not only that the amazing
   story in http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2001-04.html demonstrates
   that it is impossible for $350/certificate to check the identity
   of certificate holders.  It is that a fundamentail design goal of
   SMTP is to allow strangers to send each other mail.  

   If you are willing to accept a message from a complete stranger, then
   it makes no sense to talk about authenticating the stranger.  Strangers
   are people you don't know and cannot trust to not be sending you and
   500,000,000 of your closest friends the same message.

   You might have a list of SMTP clients that you trust to know their
   users and so not have too many spammers, but for that you do not need
   and cannot really use any cryptographic authentication mechanisms.
   You already have an practically unforgable handle on the SMTP client
   in its IP address.

   On the other hand, if you don't want to receive mail from strangers,
   there are many mechanisms that work fine including PGP, SMIME, and
   various mail white-list mechanisms.


  - There is a single, common definition of spam that works.  It is
   "unsolicited bulk mail."  "Unsolicited" is determined by the target
   unless the sender has creditable evidence that the target asked for the
   mail.  "Bulk" is some number of substantially identical messages usually
   more than a dozen.

   There are many other broken definitions of spam, but they are all
   either over-elaborate variations of unsolicited bulk, based on
   notions of censorship (e.g. unsolicited commercial or pornographic
   mail), or lies and nonsense from spammers.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Justin Mason <jm@jmason.org>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] filtering at connect time 
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 12:52:38 -0500 (EST)

On Tue, 4 Mar 2003, Justin Mason wrote:

> One issue BTW that filter-during-SMTP-transaction systems have to think
> about, is that if you teergrube or tempfail on an entire ESMTP connection
> basis, this could result in affecting legit mail

We do it on a per-message basis.  We only use tempfail codes; we don't
attempt to tarpit.  Tarpitting can open your machine up to DoS attacks,
because even a tarpitted process consumes some resources on your end.

Yes, sometimes legit mail is held up, but thanks to the fine authors
of SpamAssassin :-), that doesn't happen too often.

--
David.
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Yes, but define "unsolicited" and "bulk"

C

On Tuesday, March 4, 2003, at 09:49 AM, Vernon Schryver wrote:

>   - There is a single, common definition of spam that works.  It is
>    "unsolicited bulk mail."  "Unsolicited" is determined by the target
>    unless the sender has creditable evidence that the target asked for 
> the
>    mail.  "Bulk" is some number of substantially identical messages 
> usually
>    more than a dozen.
>
>    There are many other broken definitions of spam, but they are all
>    either over-elaborate variations of unsolicited bulk, based on
>    notions of censorship (e.g. unsolicited commercial or pornographic
>    mail), or lies and nonsense from spammers.

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To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
Cc: Justin Mason <jm@jmason.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] filtering at connect time 
In-Reply-To: Message from "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> 
   of "Tue, 04 Mar 2003 12:52:38 EST." <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303041250350.4198@shishi.roaringpenguin.com> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Tue, 04 Mar 2003 18:01:25 +0000


David F. Skoll said:
> On Tue, 4 Mar 2003, Justin Mason wrote:
> 
> > One issue BTW that filter-during-SMTP-transaction systems have to think
> > about, is that if you teergrube or tempfail on an entire ESMTP connection
> > basis, this could result in affecting legit mail
> 
> We do it on a per-message basis.  We only use tempfail codes; we don't
> attempt to tarpit.  Tarpitting can open your machine up to DoS attacks,
> because even a tarpitted process consumes some resources on your end.

As a matter of interest, have you collected any stats on the effectiveness
of tempfailing suspected spam?   I hear it's very effective at blocking
spam from spamware which doesn't support requeue-and-retry, but I have
no idea how effective "very" is. ;)

> Yes, sometimes legit mail is held up, but thanks to the fine authors
> of SpamAssassin :-), that doesn't happen too often.

Cheers! ;)

--j.
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar  4 13:31:30 2003
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Justin Mason <jm@jmason.org>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] filtering at connect time 
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 13:28:24 -0500 (EST)

On Tue, 4 Mar 2003, Justin Mason wrote:

> As a matter of interest, have you collected any stats on the effectiveness
> of tempfailing suspected spam?

The stats are online:

	http://www.roaringpenguin.com/canit/reports.php?what=hit-n-run

(You have to authenticate as demo/demo first.)  I tempfail all mail
from unknown senders the first time -- this happens at the RCPT TO:
phase, because I tempfail first-time sender-recipient pairs.

If you look at:

	http://www.roaringpenguin.com/canit/stats.php

you'll see that so-called "one-shot" messages make up a large percentage
of the daily message volume -- around 20-25%.

By the way, tempfailing senders the first time (or better yet,
tempfailing on the basis of sender-recipient pairs) is a solution that
fits transparently[*] into the existing e-mail infrastructure, uses
very few resources, and is quite effective.  I highly recommend it.

Regards,

David.

[*] Except for delays the first time a stranger sends you e-mail.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP draft
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 19:32:30 +0100

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 10:49:50AM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> 
>  - text filtering can give failure indications during SMTP transactions.  
>   There are many examples of such systems, including some installations
>   of SpamAssassin, the DCC, and many uses of the sendmail milter
>   mechanism.


I don't know of any text filtering that works reliably and reasonable.
That's a kind of content security that just reduces the channel
bandwith (seen from an information theory point of view). 

And, I believe that is is a bad idea to perfom text analyse _while_
receiving the message. Message transfer should be as fast as possible 
and should not suffer from any external delay. And it is not always
possible because some formats can be decoded/uncompressed only when
they are complete.

I don't like text analysis while receiving the message. And I am 
not really convinced about such content methods.




>   - whether mail is solicited cannot be determined by examining headers,
>    cryptographic checksums, or anything in a message.  Solicited mail
>    is not only mail in response to previous mail, and not only
>   because

I didn't mean that only those mails are solicited which are a direct
reply. I guess that such mails are solicited, but they are not the
only ones.






>   - most talk of "header forgery" is confused.  The best demonstration
>    of that fact was a recent message to this mailing list that talked about
>    people "forging" their own addresses.  That makes no sense given
>    the English definition of the verb "to forge."  You cannot "forge"
>    your own name or address.


Sure you can. Don't use the "English definition". Use the "Security definition".

It means that you can just insert any address without any
authorization step. If you can do it, so anyone else can do it as
well. There must be some technical difference introduced between the
one who is allowed to use an address, and all others. That's the point. 







>    The problem is that many and perhaps most so called "forged" mail
>    From addresses in spam are no more "forged" than the home return
>    address you put on picture postcards while on vacation.

I've never received a postcard asking me to buy any nonsense and 
labeled with a wrong sender address. I received hundreds of such e-mails.






>    That the free mail provder of the mailbox has cancelled a spammer's
>    account does not make the use of the mailbox "forgery" any more
>    than your use of a hotel's address is forgery the day before you
>    arrive or the day after you leave.

I can't follow you. Many spam messages I've received had sender
addresses which _never_ existed. I know that a little bit more than 
a year ago millions of mails have been sent with several sender
addresses  ....@danisch.de   Since this is my own domain, I'm pretty
sure that these accounts never existed. Spam sender addresses are not
cancelled accounts, they are just random addresses. 




>   - PKI, X.500, PGP, SMIME, and all other authentication mechanisms
>    are irrelevant to stopping spam.  It is not only that the amazing
>    story in http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2001-04.html demonstrates
>    that it is impossible for $350/certificate to check the identity
>    of certificate holders.  It is that a fundamentail design goal of
>    SMTP is to allow strangers to send each other mail.  

That's the problem we're here to solve. It's our job to change it, 
not to accept it.




>    If you are willing to accept a message from a complete stranger, then
>    it makes no sense to talk about authenticating the stranger.  Strangers
>    are people you don't know and cannot trust to not be sending you and
>    500,000,000 of your closest friends the same message.

That's a cultural dependant point of view. The european approach is 
that you can identify everybody, even a complete stranger, and that
you know who was sending you rubbish. If 1% of the recipients complain
or get into legal steps, the sender faces 5,000,000 opponents. But
you need to know the identity of the sender before. 






>   - There is a single, common definition of spam that works.  It is
>    "unsolicited bulk mail."  "Unsolicited" is determined by the target
>    unless the sender has creditable evidence that the target asked for the
>    mail.  "Bulk" is some number of substantially identical messages usually
>    more than a dozen.


How do you want to detect whether a mail was sent to at least 10,000
other people without violating their privacy? And if you are one of
the unlucky first 10,000 receivers, then it is not yet spam?



Hadmut
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To: "Mark Delany" <tcrcn-6ugsc@qmda.emu.st>
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> Hmm. On the basis of the web page, it appears that you have to
> register for the entire IETF conference to attend the 2.5 hours
> allocated to this WG.

yup.  that's the way IETF works.  of course, you don't have to attend
the meeting to participate in the RG.

(note: this is a research group, not a working group.)

Keith


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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 11:46:02 -0700 (MST)

> From: Craig Hughes <craig@hughes-family.org>

> Yes, but define "unsolicited" and "bulk"

I did, with their ordinary English dictionary definitions.  "Bulk
mail" is "lots all the same" and "unsolicited" is "unwanted and unasked
for."

As with many non-technical things, you don't want to get too picky
about the definitions unless your heart is in the wrong place.  When
defining spam it is a bad idea to worry about irrelevancies such as
whether the sender must be known to the target.  Whether sender
reasonably knew before hand that unsolicited bulk mail was unsolicited
is also irrelevant until it is time to decide whether and how to punish
someone who has sent spam.

It is a bad idea in general to pick a hard number like 27.3 for "bulk"
just as it is a bad idea to get took picky about "defraud."

The objections to "unsolicited bulk" usually come from:

  - bulk mailers (i.e. spammers) who want to determine "solicited" on
   behalf of their targets without bothering their targets and who
   believe that a little "personalization" makes their output other
   than bulk.

  - individual users who realize they cannot determine for certain
   whether any given chain letter or other obvious spam is spam.  They
   people should be reminded that if they see a figure in the darkness
   crawling into a neighors window, they should call the police instead
   of investigating to see if it is a neighbor who forget a key.

  - spammer fighters (as opposed to people oopposed to spam) who want
   definitions such as "unsolicited commercial mail" because they cannot
   individual determine "bulk," they refuse to believe that anyone wants
   commercial mail, and they want more ways to count coup on spammers.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP draft
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 13:57:26 -0500 (EST)

On Tue, 4 Mar 2003, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> I don't know of any text filtering that works reliably and reasonable.

SpamAssassin is excellent.  But you are right, there can be false-positives.

> And, I believe that is is a bad idea to perfom text analyse _while_
> receiving the message. Message transfer should be as fast as possible
> and should not suffer from any external delay.

If you limit the size of messages you scan, and implement things
intelligently, SpamAssassin can scan messages in 100 - 500
milliseconds on cheap PC hardware.  This includes MIME decoding and
attachment-unpacking, etc.

The typical mail server is not CPU-bound, so adding content-scanning often
just improves the resource balance. :-)

> And it is not always
> possible because some formats can be decoded/uncompressed only when
> they are complete.

The scanning is done at the end of the DATA phase while the sender is
waiting for the final acknowledgement.  The recommended timeout here
according to RFC 2821 is 10 minutes, so adding under a second of
content-scanning shouldn't be a problem.  The only drawback is what I
alluded to in a previous post: SMTP doesn't allow success for some
recipients and failure for others at the end of the DATA phase.

> I don't like text analysis while receiving the message. And I am
> not really convinced about such content methods.

Try them out; I think you'll be pleasantly surprised.

--
David.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP draft
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 12:09:25 -0700 (MST)

> From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>

> >  - text filtering can give failure indications during SMTP transactions.  
> >   There are many examples of such systems, including some installations
> >   of SpamAssassin, the DCC, and many uses of the sendmail milter
> >   mechanism.
>
> I don't know of any text filtering that works reliably and reasonable.

Do you know about the DCC, SpamAssassin, Brightmail, or Postini?  I
may be somewhat biased, but I think all of those are reasonably reliable
and reasonable.  (I've some reservations about SpamAssassin, but only
because I wonder about Perl for filtering more than 50,000 messages/day.)

> That's a kind of content security that just reduces the channel
> bandwith (seen from an information theory point of view). 

You and I apparently do not agree on the definition of "information
theory point of view."

> And, I believe that is is a bad idea to perfom text analyse _while_
> receiving the message. Message transfer should be as fast as possible 
> and should not suffer from any external delay. And it is not always
> possible because some formats can be decoded/uncompressed only when
> they are complete.
>
> I don't like text analysis while receiving the message. And I am 
> not really convinced about such content methods.

Do you know how many CPU cycles are required to perform some text
analysis?  It is possible to analyze text as fast as all but the fastest
networks, at many MBytes/second.  Essentially no SMTP servers are
significantly affected by the costs of running the DCC client code.

There are many organizations that are using text analysis to reject
more than 90% of incoming spam 100,000 millions of mail messages
per day sent to their SMTP servers.


> ...
> >   - most talk of "header forgery" is confused.  The best demonstration
> >    of that fact was a recent message to this mailing list that talked about
> >    people "forging" their own addresses.  That makes no sense given
> >    the English definition of the verb "to forge."  You cannot "forge"
> >    your own name or address.
>
> Sure you can. Don't use the "English definition". Use the "Security definition".
>
> It means that you can just insert any address without any
> authorization step. If you can do it, so anyone else can do it as
> well. There must be some technical difference introduced between the
> one who is allowed to use an address, and all others. That's the point. 

That is a misuse of the word "forge."  You can also use word "apple"
when you are talking an orangebut it is a bad idea.


> >    The problem is that many and perhaps most so called "forged" mail
> >    From addresses in spam are no more "forged" than the home return
> >    address you put on picture postcards while on vacation.
>
> I've never received a postcard asking me to buy any nonsense and 
> labeled with a wrong sender address. I received hundreds of such e-mails.

That's irrelevant to whether the return address was forged.

Besides, in almost all cases, you have no idea whether the sender
address is in fact wrong by any sane and honest definition of "wrong."
It is perfectly reasonable and quite common for paper mail to have 
postmarks, envelope return addresses, and inside addresses that all
differ.  The same applies to email.  Whether the email or paper mail
is otherwise objectionable is independent.


> >    That the free mail provder of the mailbox has cancelled a spammer's
> >    account does not make the use of the mailbox "forgery" any more
> >    than your use of a hotel's address is forgery the day before you
> >    arrive or the day after you leave.
>
> I can't follow you. Many spam messages I've received had sender
> addresses which _never_ existed. I know that a little bit more than 
> a year ago millions of mails have been sent with several sender
> addresses  ....@danisch.de   Since this is my own domain, I'm pretty
> sure that these accounts never existed. Spam sender addresses are not
> cancelled accounts, they are just random addresses. 

Some spam does in fact carry forged SMTP envelope Mail_From or 
header From:, Reply-to:, Return-Path: or Sender: values.  However, many
other cases are not really "forged."  


> >   - PKI, X.500, PGP, SMIME, and all other authentication mechanisms
> >    are irrelevant to stopping spam.  It is not only that the amazing
> >    story in http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2001-04.html demonstrates
> >    that it is impossible for $350/certificate to check the identity
> >    of certificate holders.  It is that a fundamentail design goal of
> >    SMTP is to allow strangers to send each other mail.  
>
> That's the problem we're here to solve. It's our job to change it, 
> not to accept it.

You can't wave a magic wand and ignore the design goals.  As long as
you accept the design goal of accepting mail from strangers, you are
stuck with the fact that authentication is irrelevant to stopping spam.


> >    If you are willing to accept a message from a complete stranger, then
> >    it makes no sense to talk about authenticating the stranger.  Strangers
> >    are people you don't know and cannot trust to not be sending you and
> >    500,000,000 of your closest friends the same message.
>
> That's a cultural dependant point of view. The european approach is 
> that you can identify everybody, even a complete stranger, and that
> you know who was sending you rubbish. If 1% of the recipients complain
> or get into legal steps, the sender faces 5,000,000 opponents. But
> you need to know the identity of the sender before. 

No, you are confusing figuring out the perpetrator of a crime with
preventing crime.  Being able to know who sent you rubish is just as
irrelevant to stopping that same rubbish as knowing who robbed a bank
is for preventing that robbery.

In fact it is no more difficult in principle to determine the identity
of spammers in the U.S. than in Europe.  On both continents, if the
ISP has reasonable records, the perpetrator is known.  PKI, X.509,
PGP, SMIME, and even SMTP-AUTH and SMTP-TLS are irrelevant.


> >   - There is a single, common definition of spam that works.  It is
> >    "unsolicited bulk mail."  "Unsolicited" is determined by the target
> >    unless the sender has creditable evidence that the target asked for the
> >    mail.  "Bulk" is some number of substantially identical messages usually
> >    more than a dozen.
>
> How do you want to detect whether a mail was sent to at least 10,000
> other people without violating their privacy? And if you are one of
> the unlucky first 10,000 receivers, then it is not yet spam?

You are confusing detecting a crime with preventing crime and punishing
criminals.

In practice, you are right more than 99.9% of the time when you see
a single bulk message and guess it is bulk.  In practice you do not
need to see 10,000 copies to know that bulk mail is bulk.  When you
as an individual user receive spam, you do not need to receive 9,9999
copes to know with better than 99.9% accuracy whether it is bulk.

When you see someone lurking behind your neighbor's house, you do not
need to investigate to see if the prowler is authorized.  You should 
call the police and let them sort it out.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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David wrote:

> I would really like to see other MTA software (qmail, Postfix, Exim)
> implement "real-time" filtering during the SMTP conversation.  As far
> as I know, Sendmail is the only MTA that does this currently.

Mailshield provides inline "real-time" filtering which can take effect 
at any RFC821 "step" of the conversation - connect, HELO, MAIL FROM, 
RCPT TO or DATA.  [Mailshield is from Lyris, I made the designer build 
it that way ;-)]

We've deliberately altered this so almost all of our rejections occur 
after the DATA so we can get full copies of everything we block. The 
only exception is relay attempts - we block those at RCPT TO time.

Mailshield isn't a true MTA - it's more of a RFC821 packet filter, 
"front ending" a "real" MTA. In our case, the back end is sendmail.

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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Roland <list-asrg@openrbl.org>
Cc: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: DNS is broken, and by extension so is RMX (Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
Message-ID: <20030304192202.A4358597@exeter.ac.uk>
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 19:22:02 +0000

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 10:26:00AM +0000, Roland wrote:
> Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> > Fixing the security problems of 
> > DNS is the task of another IETF working group. We shouldn't try
> > to improve the whole world, but focus on spam.
> 
> Bulkers need to spew out millions of mails, they would need to poison
> thausands of nameservers which is simply not feasible.

I think you are have not looked at DNS security issues.  It is far
easier to exploit and the cost can be amortized over many messages.
Read the paper I quoted:

http://www.securityfocus.com/guest/17905

It summarises a many of the known vulnerabilities and shows the
limitations to what an implementation can do without changing the
protocol.

On the risks associated with DNS security for the RMX application,
consider:

a) the sender knows when the SMTP server will make the DNS request (he
just injected the mail) so he can send a flurry of DNS UDP response
packets to arrive before the real response;

b) the sender can choose the TTL on his forged DNS response, making it
last for weeks;

c) during this time he can spam at full volume.

> Such harmful manipulations are already covered by the laws in many
> countries, and there are more secure alternatives to bind available.

I don't see law being any significant barrier to spam.  There are too
many jurisdictions, too many opportunities for spammers to hide their
identities, and too much money involved for it to be a deterrent; and
anyway introducing laws into internet protocols invites hamfisted
politicians to introduces laws generally to the detriment of internet
users who are still poorly represented.

Hadmut claims this is not a problem because we can leave fixing DNS to
the IETF:

> Fixing the security problems of DNS is the task of another IETF
> working group. We shouldn't try to improve the whole world, but
> focus on spam.

but basing a supposed fix on a heavily broken protocol, with no known
solution without replacing the entire protocol, and big deployment
problems in doing that in a backwards compatible way, and a long
history of failure to deploy DNSSEC a backwards compatible and
incremental improvement introduces more problems than it fixes.

I think the deployment path is the most difficult challenge of
anti-spam measures.  Adding a dependency on another hard tech problem
with a yet unsolved deployment path doesn't solve the problem.

Adam
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP draft
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 20:21:16 +0100

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 01:57:26PM -0500, David F. Skoll wrote:
> alluded to in a previous post: SMTP doesn't allow success for some
> recipients and failure for others at the end of the DATA phase.


Hey, that's a good and important point. I'll need to address this in
the next version of my draft.



> > I don't like text analysis while receiving the message. And I am
> > not really convinced about such content methods.
> 
> Try them out; I think you'll be pleasantly surprised.

Well, it's not the experience, it's just that I have some kind
of information theory point of view. There is no such good and bad
information, there is just information or not information. Every kind
of content filtering (including censorship) is just shortening the
channel bandwidth. That's why I personally don't really like text
analysis and heuristics. 

regards
Hadmut

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Date: 4 Mar 2003 19:27:36 +0000

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 01:28:24PM -0500, David F. Skoll allegedly wrote:
 
> you'll see that so-called "one-shot" messages make up a large percentage
> of the daily message volume -- around 20-25%.
> 
> By the way, tempfailing senders the first time (or better yet,
> tempfailing on the basis of sender-recipient pairs) is a solution that
> fits transparently[*] into the existing e-mail infrastructure, uses
> very few resources, and is quite effective.  I highly recommend it.

How do you differentiate between list-washing and spam delivery attempts? It's
an anecdote, but about half of the email to invalid sender-recipient pairs I
see appears to be testing addresses (in alphabetically order no less) without
issuing a DATA command.

If you issue the deferral before the DATA phase, then your 20-25% needs
to consider the list-washers/address testers.

Nonetheless, very interesting data.


Regards.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP draft
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 14:28:48 -0500 (EST)

On Tue, 4 Mar 2003, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> Well, it's not the experience, it's just that I have some kind
> of information theory point of view. There is no such good and bad
> information, there is just information or not information.

Then there's no such thing as "spam" or "ham", just mail or not
mail. :-)

You can't fight spam on an information-theoretic basis.  It's more of
a messy AI problem with lots of hand-waving subjective tests.

> Every kind
> of content filtering (including censorship) is just shortening the
> channel bandwidth. That's why I personally don't really like text
> analysis and heuristics.

Well, think of it as a filter that rejects high-frequency noise.  All
electrical engineers know that you try to limit the bandwidth of a
transmission channel to just what you require; any excess bandwidth
just means more noise. :-)

--
David.
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 11:30:06 -0800

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 08:26:05AM -0500, David F. Skoll wrote:
> On Tue, 4 Mar 2003, wayne wrote:
> 
> > Spammers don't care about undelivered spam.  Most of the time, they
> > won't even know because they use open proxies, forged from addresses
> > and forged reply-to addresses.
> 
> However, there is a benefit to replying to spam with a 554 SMTP code.
> If the spammers have been using an open relay, the open relay will generate

More to the point, while spammers indeed don't care about getting
bounces on underlivered spam, it is simply very poor software
engineering to design a system that simply drops mail on the floor
and informs nobody who would care about it.  Any false positive in
such a system is a lost piece of mail with no diagnostic to tell
people about it.

Obviously the volume of spam makes it inappropriate to report errors
one email at a time the way you would for one to one mail.  So the
challenge is to build error aggregation systems which allow people
to view digests or statistics on errors that are relevant to them.

(Ideally you also store the mails somewhere that they can be
fetched by the target if desired.  Certainly disk is cheap enough
that if you have the message in ram, you can store it to a database
for a week or so for fetch-by-url.  However, if your technique
depends on blocking the mail before it has even finished arriving,
this is difficult, though you can still store as much as you did
receive.  Simply appending a block of data to disk is not so expensive
an operation.)

Reporting errors back to legit bulk mailers -- again, in aggregate --
is easy because they use legit headers and a unified from.  In
fact most MTAs do this already.

Giving up the principles of good software engineering and protocol
design, so that messages don't vanish into black holes with no
diagnostics should be one of our last-resort choices.  There are many
stories from the anti-spam wars of people whose (valid) mail was just been
silently discarded who only found out about it by accident.

And let's not forget that open relay operators are victims of the
spammers.  It may be necessary to close those relays, but they are
still the victim, not the perp.
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 12:53:21 -0700 (MST)

> From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>

> ...
> content-scanning shouldn't be a problem.  The only drawback is what I
> alluded to in a previous post: SMTP doesn't allow success for some
> recipients and failure for others at the end of the DATA phase.
> ...

There are existing solutions to that problem.  One is to reject with
a 4yz temporary failure codes any Rcpt_To address whose filtering
preferences might yield a different answer than the preferences of
the first recipient.

A second solution is to resolve conflicts in the correct answer to
the DATA command with a 2yz OK answer but to deliver only to mailboxes
that want the message and silently discard instead of rejecting the
message for other mailboxes.

The first is clearly correct and complete, but I've chosen the second
for the sendmail milter DCC client on perhaps dubious efficiency grounds.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Scanning with Perl (was Re: [Asrg] MTP draft)
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 14:54:47 -0500 (EST)

On Tue, 4 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> (I've some reservations about SpamAssassin, but only
> because I wonder about Perl for filtering more than 50,000 messages/day.)

There are people using SpamAssassin to filter over 1,000,000 messages/day.
Like I said, you just have to be clever about it.  Even a run-of-the-mill
PC should handle 75K-100K messages/day.

Given that you're doing extensive string and regular-expression
matching, I doubt that C would be much more efficient than Perl for
message scanning.

--
David.
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 14:57:48 -0500 (EST)

On Tue, 4 Mar 2003, Brad Templeton wrote:

> Obviously the volume of spam makes it inappropriate to report errors
> one email at a time the way you would for one to one mail.

Right.  That's why you want to go to great lengths to force the
sending relay to generate the bounce.  All you want to do is return a
5XX code.

Once you've accepted the spam (that is, returned a 2XX code after DATA),
the spammer has won.

--
David.
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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
Message-ID: <20030304200027.A4371516@exeter.ac.uk>
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 20:00:27 +0000

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 10:28:39AM +0100, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> Adam Back wrote:
> > Also I'm not sure as another poster noted how much it even helps:
> > disposable ISP free accounts (AOL CD syndrome) are a major source,
> > with RMX the problem is not even improved.
> 
> I don't see the problem. If anyone uses such a CD, she is still 
> limited to the aol domain and can't send e.g. as @hotmail.com or
> @danisch.de. 

The problem is forcing everyone to jump through the hoop of having
valid RMX records does not stop spam.  

It just stops people sending mail from addresses without RMX records
delegating that they are allowed to (which incidentally breaks a lot
of existing functionality).

So already there is commonly some Received header giving the
information about who sent the mail.  That From headers may be
slightly harder to forge under RMX doesn't change the problem.

The problem is that spammers systematically abuse ISP AUPs.  The ISPs
already have AUPs, they already routinely correlate spam attacks to
given users and terminate accounts.  RMX does _nothing_ about spam
other than offer another route to tracing the ISP.  It also has the
unrelated and tangential effect of making certain types of forgeries
harder / breaking some times of existing functionality (where the
"forgery" is the functionality -- making the From address your desired
Reply-To: all mail I've sent for the last 5 years has been of this
form).

We know from long experience that laws, and after the fact enforcement
of AUPs don't solve the problem.  That is the status quo.

> Second is, under german - and I believe under european - law 
> ISPs are required to state their customers identity. I guess
> the same will come in the USA after 9/11. It will become
> more and more difficult to have anonymous access to the internet.

And this is a bad thing for end-users.  

Your approach to slowing spam is to punish end-users by stripping them
of privacy, and the convenience of trial-offer CDs from ISPs.

> Third, when a thing like RMX comes to fly, anonymous customers will
> have to find a RMX covering the AOL addresses in order to send
> spam. There will be very few domains doing so, maybe just
> aol.com. If AOL goes on with supporting spam, they will be
> blacklisted (which is effective in this case). They will have to
> solve the problem.

So how will anyonymous users who want anonymity for privacy send mail
in this world.

Adam
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 15:05:05 -0500 (EST)

On Tue, 4 Mar 2003, Mark Delany wrote:

> How do you differentiate between list-washing and spam delivery attempts?

I don't, and I don't care.  Either way, it fails at RCPT TO:

However, grepping through my mail logs, I don't see any obvious
dictionary attacks.  I know other users who have reported this, but I
don't see it.  Besides, this technique has the pleasant side-effect of
stopping dictionary attacks too, unless the attacker makes a second attempt
for each recipient address.  Also, by watching the size of your "one-shot"
database, it quickly becomes apparent when you're under dictionary attack,
and you can block the offender.

Regards,

David.
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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Prasenjeet Dutta <bulk@chaoszone.org>
Cc: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: use of signatures is not restricted by law (Re: [Asrg] Proven solution for authenticating messages)
Message-ID: <20030304200724.A4356074@exeter.ac.uk>
References: <7B170C5E4008D311ABB70008C7D3825B03BC340E@saison.ssc.govt.nz> <20030303213350.GA13559@danisch.de> <3E6453B9.2080905@chaoszone.org> <20030304093923.GB1965@danisch.de> <3E648663.2060006@chaoszone.org> <20030304110921.GB3786@danisch.de> <3E64C4AE.9090105@chaoszone.org>
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 20:07:24 +0000

I don't believe there are any countries where verifying digital
signatures is not permitted.  You're probably thinking of the largely
historic encryption regulations.  (There still remain some countries
which restrict encryption, but none that I know of that restrict
signatures.)

For example take a look at Bert-Jaap Koops "Crypto Law Survey":

	http://rechten.kub.nl/koops/cryptolaw/

Adam

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 08:52:22PM +0530, Prasenjeet Dutta wrote:
> [...] However, if you live in a country where verifying digital
> signatures is not permitted,
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 13:17:14 -0700 (MST)

> From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>

> ...
> Reporting errors back to legit bulk mailers -- again, in aggregate --
> is easy because they use legit headers and a unified from.  In
> fact most MTAs do this already.

All conformant MTAs report errors, but not really in the aggregate, and
that is a good thing.   Legitimate bulk mail senders need to know
which addresses are broken to clean their lists.

> Giving up the principles of good software engineering and protocol
> design, so that messages don't vanish into black holes with no
> diagnostics should be one of our last-resort choices.  There are many
> stories from the anti-spam wars of people whose (valid) mail was just been
> silently discarded who only found out about it by accident.

true.

> And let's not forget that open relay operators are victims of the
> spammers.  It may be necessary to close those relays, but they are
> still the victim, not the perp.

That is not right.  People who operate relays may be less culpable than
the original senders of spam, but they are certainly blame worthy
and they are certainly not victims in the same class as spam targets.
Relay operators can suffer greater harm tham individual spam targets, but
relay operators must be held accountable.

Besides, it is impossible to distinguish willful spam relaying from
other sorts.  Spammers have been hiring relays since soon after the
beginning when Spamford recruited what he called his bandwidth partners.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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David F. Skoll wrote:

> There are people using SpamAssassin to filter over 1,000,000 messages/day.
> Like I said, you just have to be clever about it.  Even a run-of-the-mill
> PC should handle 75K-100K messages/day.

Similarly, Mailshield's programming language is very perlish (the next 
version will _be_ embedded perl), and we move 50K-60K 
messages/day/server, and that's with the average message size being 
around 50K - considerably larger than most places see.

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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 13:21:12 -0700 (MST)

> From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>

> > (I've some reservations about SpamAssassin, but only
> > because I wonder about Perl for filtering more than 50,000 messages/day.)
>
> There are people using SpamAssassin to filter over 1,000,000 messages/day.
> Like I said, you just have to be clever about it.  Even a run-of-the-mill
> PC should handle 75K-100K messages/day.

I don't think it's a coincidence that the DCC users who also use
SpamAssassin on more than 200K msgs/day seem to limit each of their
SMTP servers to about the same number as your 75-100K msgs/day.

> Given that you're doing extensive string and regular-expression
> matching, I doubt that C would be much more efficient than Perl for
> message scanning.

Yes, given the SpamAssassin persistent process, you're probably right
that the main costs are in the regular expression processing.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP draft
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On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 10:14:15AM -0800, Craig Hughes wrote:
> Yes, but define "unsolicited" and "bulk"
> 
> C
> 
> On Tuesday, March 4, 2003, at 09:49 AM, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> 
> >  - There is a single, common definition of spam that works.  It is
> >   "unsolicited bulk mail."  "Unsolicited" is determined by the 
> >   target
> >   unless the sender has creditable evidence that the target asked 
> >   for the
> >   mail.  "Bulk" is some number of substantially identical messages 
> >usually
> >   more than a dozen.
> >
> >   There are many other broken definitions of spam, but they are all
> >   either over-elaborate variations of unsolicited bulk, based on
> >   notions of censorship (e.g. unsolicited commercial or pornographic
> >   mail), or lies and nonsense from spammers.
> 

Actually, while UBE is a fairly common definition used, it has
a number of flaws.  To wit, I send UBE, and so do many people.

I have a party-invite mailing list.  When I meet interesting people
who live nearby, I put them on it.  I don't ask them if they want
to be on it.   Sometimes they give me a business card (which you
might imply means solicited).  Sometimes I pull their name from
a conference directory.   Sometimes I learn their E-mail another way.

Then I send out stuff, such as party invites.  Surely you all have
gotten party invites from people where you didn't ask to be on their
list for such things?   Sometimes I will send notes about new essays
or photography or etc. on my web site.   Of course, each mailing
includes a note that if anybody wants off, they can get off, and of
course unlike many spammers, I mean it.   I've gotten one such request.
I have 400 people on the list in one form or another.  It sends perhaps
6 mails a year.

Lots of people do this, and it's entirely legitimate in my view -- we
have no business interfering with mail where nobody is complaining, but
it is also UBE.

I could ask everybody before I put them on.  They would find that
more annoying than simply getting the first mailing with a legitimate
ability to unsubscribe.   I would find it annoying if people said,
"I want to invite you to parties, is that OK?"

At the same time, unsolicited is in fact hard to define.  If you buy
a product from a company, surely they can mail you about a product
recall or bug fix, right?  That's not unsolicited, is it?  What about
an upgrade? A related product?  A totally new offer?

That forces you to draw a subjective line.

That's why I settled on "from a stranger" which a non-stranger being
somebody you have initiated contact with.

This is an entirely factual test, not subjective.  And while it
does allow the company you buy stuff from to mail you. the truth
is the amount of unwanted mail I get from non-strangers is
insignificant.   And that level of volume == victory over spam.

I have added one modification to my definition in the form of a
rule.     Namely a requirement to have a working unsubscribe.  So
that even if somebody is not a stranger, if you have told them not
to bulk mail you, and they do, it's a spam.




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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
Message-ID: <20030304202410.GA13063@danisch.de>
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 21:24:10 +0100

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 08:00:27PM +0000, Adam Back wrote:
> > Second is, under german - and I believe under european - law 
> > ISPs are required to state their customers identity. I guess
> > the same will come in the USA after 9/11. It will become
> > more and more difficult to have anonymous access to the internet.
> 
> And this is a bad thing for end-users.  
> 
> Your approach to slowing spam is to punish end-users by stripping them
> of privacy, and the convenience of trial-offer CDs from ISPs.


That's not my approach. That's my observation and guess.






> So how will anyonymous users who want anonymity for privacy send mail
> in this world.

Please specify what exactly you're talking about. Are you talking 
about pseudonyms, forged addresses, remailers or what?

- Being anonymous can't mean to be able to forge/adopt a foreign
  E-mail address or abuse a foreign domain. I do respect your
  wish to communicate anonymously, but I don't accept that you 
  can pretend to be ...@danisch.de to do so.

- You're still free to use an anonymous remailer/pseudonym server. 
  If mail comes from that server it will be something like
  12345@anonymousmail.com  It's my decision to accept this or not.

- Your right to send anonymous e-mails doesn't include my 
  duty to accept it and to make my infrastructure available for 
  this on my expense.

  Your right to use anonymous communication corresponds with 
  my right to decide whether I want to participate or not.

  And I do not want to receive anonymous e-mail, at least not to 
  my normal e-mail address. 

  Freedom of anonymous communication is nice, but it can't be 
  a matter of the initiator only. The callee must agree to 
  participate in anonymous communication.


- You're still free to buy a 10$ domain  foobardomain.org and 
  to have a 0/0 RMX record, thus allowing anyone on the world
  to use ...@foobardomain.org . Maybe lots of MTAs will accept such
  mail. My one wouldn't.



regards
Hadmut
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Cc: Prasenjeet Dutta <bulk@chaoszone.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: use of signatures is not restricted by law (Re: [Asrg] Proven solution for authenticating messages)
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 21:26:35 +0100

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 08:07:24PM +0000, Adam Back wrote:
> I don't believe there are any countries where verifying digital
> signatures is not permitted.  You're probably thinking of the largely
> historic encryption regulations.  (There still remain some countries
> which restrict encryption, but none that I know of that restrict
> signatures.)


Maybe it is prohibited to have a secret key at all...


A PKI for signatures can always be abused as a PKI for encryption.
There are countries and governments who don't permit this.


Hadmut

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> From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>

> ...
> We know from long experience that laws, and after the fact enforcement
> of AUPs don't solve the problem.  That is the status quo.

No, the status quo involves lots of spam, but not from ISPs that have
strongly anti-spam AUPs and bother to really enforce them.  (A strong
anti-spam AUP is not one that says "send as much spam as you want for
a couple business days and then buy a new throw-away account."  One
that says "send spam and your financial knee-caps will be destroyed
by our lawyers" is strongly anti-spam.)

Demonstrations of how laws can work are the very successful recent
U.S. state laws against telemarking.


> ...
> So how will anyonymous users who want anonymity for privacy send mail
> in this world.

All of the authentication anti-spam efforts are based on the mistaken
notion that ISPs cannot know their own customers and exact a pound or
two of flesh for bad behavior.
That notion is incredibly silly if you've paid the least attention to
history.  For example, Ma Bell knew a lot less about its pay phone
customers, but nevertheless managed to keep "phone phreaking" under
better control than AT&T, MCI/UUnet, and Sprint have controlled their
own spammers.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP draft
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On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 12:09:25PM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> > I don't know of any text filtering that works reliably and reasonable.
> 
> Do you know about the DCC, SpamAssassin, Brightmail, or Postini?  I
> may be somewhat biased, but I think all of those are reasonably reliable
> and reasonable.  (I've some reservations about SpamAssassin, but only
> because I wonder about Perl for filtering more than 50,000 messages/day.)

Brightmail is not filtering as I normally consider it.  They have live
humans identify spam attacks, and then publish tools to detect those
particular attacks.  Thus no false positives.

To my mind the problem with filtering is it goes after a side issue.

I believe any good solution goes at the root causes of spam -- abuse
of easy bulk mail.

Talking about Viagra isn't he cause of spam, but that is what general spam
filters test for.

Commerce is the most common motive for spam, but not the only one, but
that is what laws go after.

Being at an ISP where people spam does not mean you are a spammer,
but that is what blacklists test for.

Being an open relay isn't the cause of spam, but that is what relay
blacklists test for.

Being a stranger isn't the cause of spam, but that is what whitelists
test for.  However, it is one of the key components, so this is more
on target, as long as there is a way for the strangers sending person
to person mail to get their mail through.

Free bulk e-mail is one of the causes of spam, so attempts to put
a cost on e-mail are going after the root problem, but they are
very difficult to implement and have other consequences.


Attack the root cause, not the symptoms.
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From: Matthias Leisi <matthias@astrum.ch>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proven solution for authenticating messages
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> If mail is signed with a certificate from a trusted CA that has met
> this test, it inherits the trust of that CA.  If mail comes from
> a country that gives the death penalty to spammers and enforces it,
> that's fine too.   However, the goal is to have as many was as
> people can think up to be accountable.

Most large-scale attempts with certification systems have
failed, especially if they require individual users to take
action - think PGP, which is fine as a technology, but does your
father use it?

But the concept of "inherited trust" is one that I keep thinking
of. Blacklists work quite well, and trustworthy blacklists work
even better; some have earned a good reputation due to their
consistent policy, while others have failed due to irrational
behaviour. 

So, the idea must have already been realized somewhere: why not
build trustworthy Whitelists of accountable, responsible mail
hosts? 

Of course, as with blacklists, there are policy issues with such
lists, as the maintainer might face incentives adverese to
general interest, which would have to be sorted out in one way
or the other. But once a series of whitelists is established, an
important issue raised by Brad should be solved:


> The one natural monopoly here is in aggregating traffic volume.  The
> throttles counting volume of mail coming from networks do need to
> join in a collective to share the volume data, otherwise you can't
> detect bulk mail. 

Lists are aggregates by definition ;)

Technically, whitelists are as trivial as blacklists: use some
agreed-upon IP range for DNS queries (e.g. 127.1.0.x). 

With both black- and whitelists being available, we could also
overcome the unsatisfying 1-0-view of blocking/allowing mail. An
average of the rating by different lists (weighted by
trustworthiness of the lists maintainer) should provide
sufficient accuracy in deciding what to do with a mail already
at the envelope stage of mail processing.

Matthias

-- 
Swiss Internet User Group                         http://www.siug.ch/
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To: Prasenjeet Dutta <bulk@chaoszone.org>
Cc: Roland <list-asrg@openrbl.org>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proven solution for authenticating messages
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 11:52:56 -0800

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 09:01:00PM +0530, Prasenjeet Dutta wrote:
> >Problem here: what constitutes 'accountable' [...]
> >This would require a trusted entity which does the whole confirmation
> >and managment, some kind of 'consent clearinghouse'.
> 
> I agree, and this is the biggest challenge in this proposal. We 
> already have a clutch of CAs in place, but I think the for-profit 
> approach for e-mail CAs/Consent 'clearinghouses' will not work very 

There are many different ways to be accountable, and only one global
test -- does the system of accountability work well enough to keep the
spam volume below an acceptable level.

If mail is signed with a certificate from a trusted CA that has met
this test, it inherits the trust of that CA.  If mail comes from
a country that gives the death penalty to spammers and enforces it,
that's fine too.   However, the goal is to have as many was as
people can think up to be accountable.

The flaw as you present it, is that there is a natural economy of
scale, perhaps almost a natural monopoly, in having one list of
the addresses which can be held accountable for abuse.   That isn't
a hard and fast requirement -- each target using such a throttling
gateway could use a different list, or draw from a different set
of criteria.

That's even easy to implement.  The site gets to control their
MX to a server that follows the rules they like.  If a trusted site
connects there by accident, worst case is they are refused and thus
connect to the real server, which is next in the MX line.

The one natural monopoly here is in aggregating traffic volume.  The
throttles counting volume of mail coming from networks do need to
join in a collective to share the volume data, otherwise you can't
detect bulk mail.   You could have a small number of these aggregations
of volume data, but not too many.   However, nobody has to "own" this
aggregation, that just needs a protocol by which the data are shared,
and some trust system to only allow trusted people to contribute
data.

However, the main point of this philosophy is that this is the way
almost all rules in society are actually enforced.  We don't put
up battlements around our houses to protect them any more.  We
don't put police on every corner.  All we care about is that if
somebody does break the rules, they can be held accountable.  That is
a deterrent to those who would break the rules.

It's only in the most extreme cases that society works any other way,
and society is usually poorer when it does.   Airports are a modern
example.  In order to stop, rather than deter hijacking, we now
put up with flying becoming a horrendus and privacy-stripping
experience.

Spam, fortunately, isn't that bad.
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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: Prasenjeet Dutta <bulk@chaoszone.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: use of signatures is not restricted by law (Re: [Asrg] Proven solution for authenticating messages)
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 20:40:42 +0000

Which countries?

I really recommend that any anti-spam tech doesn't start out presuming
they can't use digital signatures for legal reasons!!

That position has never been taken in any internet security protocol
that I have heard.

Adam

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 09:26:35PM +0100, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 08:07:24PM +0000, Adam Back wrote:
> > I don't believe there are any countries where verifying digital
> > signatures is not permitted.  You're probably thinking of the largely
> > historic encryption regulations.  (There still remain some countries
> > which restrict encryption, but none that I know of that restrict
> > signatures.)
> 
> Maybe it is prohibited to have a secret key at all...
> 
> A PKI for signatures can always be abused as a PKI for encryption.
> There are countries and governments who don't permit this.
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 15:43:16 -0500 (EST)

On Tue, 4 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> There are existing solutions to that problem.  One is to reject with
> a 4yz temporary failure codes any Rcpt_To address whose filtering
> preferences might yield a different answer than the preferences of
> the first recipient.

That was an option I considered, but rejected.  If you're the tenth
recipient, you might wait a long time to get your e-mail.

> A second solution is to resolve conflicts in the correct answer to
> the DATA command with a 2yz OK answer but to deliver only to mailboxes
> that want the message and silently discard instead of rejecting the
> message for other mailboxes.

That is the method I chose also.  Actually, I group recipients by
filter preferences, and then re-mail the message to each group with
identical preferences, discarding the original.  The re-mailed
messages get filtered, but by then everyone is known to have the same
set of preferences, so the problem is solved.

--
David.
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 13:49:32 -0700 (MST)

> From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>

> ...
> Actually, while UBE is a fairly common definition used, it has
> a number of flaws.  To wit, I send UBE, and so do many people.
>
> I have a party-invite mailing list. ...

That does not sound like unsolicited bulk email.  It was solicited by
the recipeints when they gave you their addresses.  Moreover, I doubt
you send any invitations to people who you even suspect might object,
which is to say, you only send solicited invitiations.  That you don't
get a contract signed in blood when you collect mail addresses does
not make your mail unsolicited.

> At the same time, unsolicited is in fact hard to define.  If you buy
> a product from a company, surely they can mail you about a product
> recall or bug fix, right?  That's not unsolicited, is it?  What about
> an upgrade? A related product?  A totally new offer?
>
> That forces you to draw a subjective line.

Yes, the definition of "unsolicited" is usually subjective.  It's in
the mind of the mail recipient unless the sender has some record.
This is a good thing.  It ensures that bulk mail senders err on the
side of not sending.

(The record bit is to deal with the common idiot lusers who unsubscribe
from legitimate mailing lists by screaming "SPAM!")


> That's why I settled on "from a stranger" which a non-stranger being
> somebody you have initiated contact with.

"From a stranger" is related to "solicited," and has worse problem.
On one hand, it's easy to think of cases, albeit unusual, where bulk
mail from strangers is solicited.  On the other "initiated contact"
and "stranger" are just as fuzzy as "solicit."  You can't make
the notion completely precise.  Slathering additional fuzzy notions
on the basic idea of "mail I don't won't" does not help.

> This is an entirely factual test, not subjective.

No, "stranger" in practice is just as fuzzy and subjective as "solicited."
Exactly what transactions make you other than a stranger?  How about
visiting a web site with an old browser that leaks mail addresses?
What about walking around a trade show with a name tag that has your
mail address?

When "stranger" works as you want it to, it yields the same results
as "UBE."  When "UBE" honestly does not work, neither will "stranger"


>                                                    And while it
> does allow the company you buy stuff from to mail you. the truth
> is the amount of unwanted mail I get from non-strangers is
> insignificant.   And that level of volume == victory over spam.

Can you opt-out when originally becoming a non-stranger, such as
by buying?  I hope so.

> I have added one modification to my definition in the form of a
> rule.     Namely a requirement to have a working unsubscribe.  So
> that even if somebody is not a stranger, if you have told them not
> to bulk mail you, and they do, it's a spam.

The trouble with that is in practice it would be the same as either
opt-out or UBE.  Non-spammers will have records showing you contacted
them and asked for their bulk mail.  Spammers will have inventions
"proving" you and they are not "strangers."  For example, one spammer
claimed to have obtained my address from my having signed up or left
my business card at a trade show.  The spam was for decals that look
like bullet holes.  That was a lie, but it demonstrates the problem.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar  4 16:06:23 2003
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 11:06:10 -1000

  I just thought I'd throw this out there, as I've quickly skimmed the
archives and haven't seen any discussion of this yet:

  Would anyone consider it worthwhile for this group to put some focus
on making existing email content analysis/filter tools (in particular
anti-spam software) more interoperable?

  I suggest a useful step in that direction to be defining a standard
for how they should utilize mail headers to announce the results of
their analysis.  Right now it seems that every program uses a different
set of made up X-Headers in a different and incompatible way.  (Well,
except for ours, which uses "Comments:" headers in a different and
incompatible way.)

  This is very limited in scope relative to the "big picture" issues
this group seems to be chartered to discuss, but I think it would be
very helpful to improve interoperability, effectiveness, and ease of
engineering solutions in the near term.
  -- Clifton

P.S. Hi, Chris!
-- 
     Clifton Royston  --  LavaNet Systems Architect --  cliftonr@lava.net

  "If you ride fast enough, the Specialist can't catch you."
  "What's the Specialist?" Samantha says. 
  "The Specialist wears a hat," says the babysitter. "The hat makes noises."
  She doesn't say anything else.  
                      Kelly Link, _The Specialist's Hat_
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 15:58:34 -0500

Hello all,

I would like to welcome everyone to the ASRG mailing list. I'm sure that
each of you are here because you have an interest in the development of a
solution to the problem of unwanted email messages (not to leave out the
spammer spies that are among us). There are a number of parties on the
mailing list that bring unique experiences and perspectives to the table.
There are also a number of people that have spent time working on either
current anti-spam systems or proposals for new approaches to the problem.
This is a unique group of individuals that represent a wide spectrum of
types of organizations. We have the ability here to effect real change on a
large scale. I look forward to working together.

I appreciate everyone that has shared their opinions and ideas so far.  In
order to provide some structure and direction to this conversation, I ask
that everyone on the mailing list become familiar with the charter of the
research group. (http://www.irtf.org/charters/asrg.html) . I worked closely
with Vern Paxson, chair of the IRTF, with input from a number of others in
the Internet community to carefully frame the scope of the research group.
You will notice that the charter indicates no bias towards any particular
approach to the problem, but seeks to foster an systematic and objective
approach to pursuing the solution. 

There are some points from the charter that everyone should be familiar
with:

View of the problem: "Consent-based communication"

Components of a solution:
1. consent expression
2. policy enforcement
3. source tracking (authentication/identification/non-repudiation)

Goals of the group:
1. understand the problem
2. propose solutions
3. evaluate solutions

Milestones/Deliverables:
1. problem statement/ requirements document
2. taxonomy of existing approaches
3. taxonomy of proposed approaches
4. evaluation of existing and proposed approaches ( to include usefulness,
monetary cost, affect on normal use of email, legal support of the solution
and vice versa)
5. transfer of technology (possibly through standards proposals to the IETF)

Other key thoughts:
1. stop the threat as close to the source as possible
2. cast the spam problem into different perspectives to leverage previous
work (i.e. denial-of-service; intrusion detection; authentication,
authorization, and accounting)

I am seeking comments on the charter.  
-does the consent-based communication viewpoint sufficiently generalizes the
problem? 
-do the three components cover the requirements?

I am seeking individuals that are interested in taking a more active role in
managing one of the first four deliverables mentioned above.

Paul

___________________________________________________
Paul Q. Judge, Ph.D.                 paul.judge@ciphertrust.com

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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
cc: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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On Tue, 4 Mar 2003, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 10:49:50AM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> 
> I don't like text analysis while receiving the message. And I am 
> not really convinced about such content methods.

A rarely mentioned but very important advantage of doing content analysis
during message transfer is that suspected spam can be rejected rather than
discarded. In the rare case of a false positive identification of spam the
legitimate sender will get a clear indication that his message was not
received. You can't really send a DSN later, since most such notices (for
genuine positives) would go a forged address and be little better than
spam themselves.

BTW:

I am attracted to hashcash, but how would desired bulk mail be
whitelisted? By connection IP address? By From address? By subject line?
None of those seem ideal to me, but perhaps connection IP is possible.
That would mean whitelisting the server and not the list (probably a good
thing, but when a mailing list changed servers users would miss mailings).

Could some public spirited citizen keep a publicly directory of opt-in
mailing lists that MTA operators might want to whitelist? That would seem
to be essential if whitelisting mailing lists was not to become a clerical
burden. Would some form of address authentication be required? If so, then
hashcash is not a substitue for RMX but a complement.

Dan Feenberg





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From: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
Organization: Ready-to-Run Software, Inc.
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> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Adam Back
> Sent: Tuesday, March 04, 2003 3:00 PM

> The problem is forcing everyone to jump through the hoop of 
> having valid RMX records does not stop spam.  
> 
> It just stops people sending mail from addresses without RMX 
> records delegating that they are allowed to (which 
> incidentally breaks a lot of existing functionality).

Surely it is clear by now that a single technical solution
isn't going to stop spam outright, but rather will be part
of a larger picture.  It is also clear that since existing
functionality is what enables spam, it will have to change.

I no longer accept "breaks existing functionality" as a
bulletproof objection.  The stock reponse is what is the underlying
requirement, and how can that requirement be met in the context
of a spam-preventing email system?  If the requirement
can be met some other way, then the objection disappears.

Gary


> So how will anyonymous users who want anonymity for privacy 
> send mail in this world.

Currently, anonymous means "can't find a responsible party."
That is unacceptable.  The way to achieve anonymity, as
already suggested, is to work with a responsible third-party
willing to assume responsibility.

Gary

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Cc: Prasenjeet Dutta <bulk@chaoszone.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: use of signatures is not restricted by law (Re: [Asrg] Proven solution for authenticating messages)
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 22:19:02 +0100

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 08:40:42PM +0000, Adam Back wrote:
> Which countries?

Oh, I bet you won't have much of a nice future in 
North Korea, Iraq, maybe China, and some other countries
in Africa, in far east, of the arabian countries ... 
if you insist on possessing a secret key. 


> That position has never been taken in any internet security protocol
> that I have heard.

Because most security protocols are to be used voluntarily and not
with strangers. They are "can use if you want" but not "must use"
protocols.

But here we are talking about protocols that virtually
_everybody_ on the world using the internet (and e-mail is a essential
part of internet use, isn't it?) will have to adopt. 

Is there any other internet security protocol that has gone so 
far?


Hadmut



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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 14:24:58 -0700 (MST)

> From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>

> ...
> Brightmail is not filtering as I normally consider it.  They have live
> humans identify spam attacks, and then publish tools to detect those
> particular attacks.  Thus no false positives.

If that were true, it would still fit the word "filtering."

It's clearly false to hope that Brightmail has no false positives.
For an extreme example that proves the point, consider a spammer that
includes its own drop boxes in its target lists.  Brightmail will zap
the mail regardless.

All filtering involves some kinds of false positives, because
"mail I don't want" is fundamentally in the mind of the target.


> To my mind the problem with filtering is it goes after a side issue.

I've said the same, but I suspect we disagree.  Most filtering goes
after side issues such as the use of naughty words or words like
Viagra.  However, the DCC is a filter but it hits directly on the
"bulk" aspect of "spam."

> ...
> Commerce is the most common motive for spam, but not the only one, but
> that is what laws go after.

Politics and religion are also common motives, albeit not quite as
common some sort of commerce.  There's no hope that politicians might
ever outlaw their own spam.

> Being at an ISP where people spam does not mean you are a spammer,
> but that is what blacklists test for.

No, only some blacklist tests are about that.

> Being an open relay isn't the cause of spam, but that is what relay
> blacklists test for.

Agreed.

> Being a stranger isn't the cause of spam, but that is what whitelists
> test for.  However, it is one of the key components, so this is more
> on target, as long as there is a way for the strangers sending person
> to person mail to get their mail through.

That works only for people who really want to send you mail.  
It's hard to get strangers to jump through any hoops at all.

> Free bulk e-mail is one of the causes of spam, so attempts to put
> a cost on e-mail are going after the root problem, but they are
> very difficult to implement and have other consequences.
>
> Attack the root cause, not the symptoms.

agreed.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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> From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>

> > There are existing solutions to that problem.  One is to reject with
> > a 4yz temporary failure codes any Rcpt_To address whose filtering
> > preferences might yield a different answer than the preferences of
> > the first recipient.
>
> That was an option I considered, but rejected.  If you're the tenth
> recipient, you might wait a long time to get your e-mail.

Only 10 times the delay between runs of the sender's queue.
Still, as anyone with an address near the end of the alphabet will
probably tell you, that is a good point I'd not thought of.  I usuall
get my copy of mail from the main IETF list hours to to days after
people at the front of the alphabet.


> > A second solution is to resolve conflicts in the correct answer to
> > the DATA command with a 2yz OK answer but to deliver only to mailboxes
> > that want the message and silently discard instead of rejecting the
> > message for other mailboxes.
>
> That is the method I chose also.  Actually, I group recipients by
> filter preferences, and then re-mail the message to each group with
> identical preferences, discarding the original.  The re-mailed
> messages get filtered, but by then everyone is known to have the same
> set of preferences, so the problem is solved.

Remailing forces DSNs on failure, which has various costs including
double bounces into your postmaster mailbox and bounces sent to
innocent people when the return address really was forged.

Or do you discard instead of bounce during the re-mailing?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proven solution for authenticating messages
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 14:49:46 -0700 (MST)

> From: Matthias Leisi <matthias@astrum.ch>

> ...
> So, the idea must have already been realized somewhere: why not
> build trustworthy Whitelists of accountable, responsible mail
> hosts? 
> ...

That has often been proposed, but I think it is impractical for
several reasons.  One is that your whitelist is doubtless very
different from mine and every other whitelist.

Another fatal problem is that mobs are stupid and malicious, and moreso
the larger they are.  Up to a perhaps a few dozen people, you can
trust everyone to be careful, sane, and have good intentions.  With
a gross or more participants, you can be sure some are stupid and
incompetent and probably a few are malicious.  With a few dozen or
fewer, you don't need fancy formal mechanisms.  With a large group,
formal mechanisms cannot exclude the sloppy, lazy, or malicious.


> Of course, as with blacklists, there are policy issues with such
> lists, as the maintainer might face incentives adverese to
> general interest, which would have to be sorted out in one way
> or the other. ...

I believe there are no blacklists that involve a lot of people and
that do not have major false positive problems.  The SBL comes closest,
but membership in its inner circle seems tight and carefully monitored.


] From: Clifton Royston <cliftonr@lava.net>

] ...
]   Would anyone consider it worthwhile for this group to put some focus
] on making existing email content analysis/filter tools (in particular
] anti-spam software) more interoperable?
]
]   I suggest a useful step in that direction to be defining a standard
] for how they should utilize mail headers to announce the results of
] their analysis.  Right now it seems that every program uses a different
] set of made up X-Headers in a different and incompatible way.  (Well,
] except for ours, which uses "Comments:" headers in a different and
] incompatible way.)
] ...

That's another often proposed idea that I think makes no sense in
practice.  A minor issue is the fact that differences among the X-
headers used by the many filters from SpamAsassin to blacklist taggers
are desirable.  You want to be able to apply different criteria to
the answers produced by different filters.  A DCC result is not
directly comparable to a SpamAssassin result.   

It wouldn't hurt to have a little more consistency among the tags,
but it would be a bad thing to try to make them sufficently consistent
that they could be machine-parsed by something like a single regular
expression.

The major problem is that "spam" is a local issue.  Even when
checked at the originating SMTP client (some ISPs use the DCC to
detect outgoing bulk mail), objectionable spam is determined locally.
There's no good reason for Microsoft to tell AOL what mail Hotmail
finds objectionable.  A humorous proof of that was the recent hoohaw
over the Microsoft blocking.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: Prasenjeet Dutta <bulk@chaoszone.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: use of signatures is not restricted by law (Re: [Asrg] Proven solution for authenticating messages)
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References: <20030303213350.GA13559@danisch.de> <3E6453B9.2080905@chaoszone.org> <20030304093923.GB1965@danisch.de> <3E648663.2060006@chaoszone.org> <20030304110921.GB3786@danisch.de> <3E64C4AE.9090105@chaoszone.org> <20030304200724.A4356074@exeter.ac.uk> <20030304202635.GB13063@danisch.de> <20030304204042.A4353369@exeter.ac.uk> <20030304211902.GA14176@danisch.de>
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 22:00:17 +0000

There are a number of examples where signatures have been globally
deployed apparently without any issues with crypto laws.

For example S/MIME (outlook, netscape mail etc).

Adam

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 10:19:02PM +0100, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 08:40:42PM +0000, Adam Back wrote:
> > Which countries?
> 
> Oh, I bet you won't have much of a nice future in 
> North Korea, Iraq, maybe China, and some other countries
> in Africa, in far east, of the arabian countries ... 
> if you insist on possessing a secret key. 

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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 14:01:44 -0800

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 01:49:32PM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> > I have a party-invite mailing list. ...
> 
> That does not sound like unsolicited bulk email.  It was solicited by
> the recipeints when they gave you their addresses.  Moreover, I doubt

But they didn't.  For example I might meet you at a conference and
find you interesting.  Later I might type your name into google, find
your e-mail address and add it to my list to invite you to my party.

Now the reason people put their emails on web pages is so strangers
can mail them, but, generally the rule of anti-spam has been this is
not a solicitation to go on a mailing list, but rather an invitation
for individuals to send mail on relevant topics.   Ie. if I publish
a paper on spam and include my E-mail, I expect people to mail me their
comments on it.  I don't expect it to be put on mailing lists.

But if I know the person, then it's OK.  If for no other reason than
mathematics -- you only know so many people, so the number of
private lists you might get on is manageable even if you get the
occasional annoying mail.

We are not, after all, out to stop every email we might find
annoying, but to stop the flood of email that makes our mailboxes
less useful and our servers loaded.  We don't (I don't) come into
this with any belief in a right not to be annoyed by the occasional
unsolicited commication, rather I view that as a price of a society
with free communication.


> you send any invitations to people who you even suspect might object,
> which is to say, you only send solicited invitiations.  That you don't

That's too subjective for a definition.   In free speech jurisprudence,
we demand precise definitions to avoid the "chilling effect" problem.

If the definition is subjective, then surely some people will avoid
sending what would have been legitimate communication "just to be
on the safe side."

Thus the history of a century of rulings for free speech from the
supreme court -- trust them on this.

> get a contract signed in blood when you collect mail addresses does
> not make your mail unsolicited.
> 
> "From a stranger" is related to "solicited," and has worse problem.
> On one hand, it's easy to think of cases, albeit unusual, where bulk
> mail from strangers is solicited.  On the other "initiated contact"
> and "stranger" are just as fuzzy as "solicit."  You can't make
> the notion completely precise.  Slathering additional fuzzy notions
> on the basic idea of "mail I don't won't" does not help.

Well, I will add that if you solicit mail from strangers, then of
course that is not spam if they send it.   In this case if your
solicitation is vague, it's your problem.

However, I am defining stranger as "somebody you voluntarily initiated
contact with."  I think that's not subjective.  You either did or
didn't.  Yes, it might sometimes take a bit of work to determine
(mostly on the voluntary question) but you, yourself would never
be in doubt.


The definition becomes vital because of course the system of
punishment -- private or legal -- is based on it.   People must
not only not have legit mail never blocked, they must never be
even afraid to send it.  That's the chilling effect doctrine.

If I meet you at a conference, and you say anything but "go away",
then we are not strangers, and I know that for sure.   Yes, we
might end up remembering things differently but we have ways in
our systems to deal with that sort of question.  What we have a
hard time dealing with is one person saying, "You bought version 1,
surely you were asking to be told when version 2 was out" and
the other saying, "No, I didn't."
> 
> Exactly what transactions make you other than a stranger?  How about
> visiting a web site with an old browser that leaks mail addresses?
> What about walking around a trade show with a name tag that has your
> mail address?

I doubt there are any browsers out there like that.  Anyway, if there
were, why not?   Again, mathematically there are only a few thousands
of companies and people who are not strangers to you, while there are
billions who are.   That's so many orders of magnitude.   If a
simple definition cuts the numbers who might spam by this much, it's
more than sufficient.  Especially combined with an unsubscribe rule.
Such a rule would imply that if you knew 3,000 companies, you would
at most get 3,000 unwanted mails, and probably far, far less.  That's
2 weeks of spam for me!
> 
> When "stranger" works as you want it to, it yields the same results
> as "UBE."  When "UBE" honestly does not work, neither will "stranger"

I'll need to be convinced more of this.   You can define "solicited"
very strictly of course, but we don't want it that strict.  So we
have all sorts of implicit solicitations, which are fraught with
peril.  You note that a personal conversation is one of them.
> 
> Can you opt-out when originally becoming a non-stranger, such as
> by buying?  I hope so.

That would be good practice, but even if you have to tolerate one
e-mail for every product you buy, I think that's well within
acceptable limits.  Not perfect, but we don't want to be perfect.
(Another well established principle of free speech jurisprudene.  If
you're getting all of it, you're going too far.)
> 
> The trouble with that is in practice it would be the same as either
> opt-out or UBE.  Non-spammers will have records showing you contacted
> them and asked for their bulk mail.  Spammers will have inventions
> "proving" you and they are not "strangers."  For example, one spammer
> claimed to have obtained my address from my having signed up or left
> my business card at a trade show.  The spam was for decals that look
> like bullet holes.  That was a lie, but it demonstrates the problem.

They will always lie.  Our systems of justice have thousands of years
of practice at dealing with that problem.  Not always perfectly but
the best we've been able to do.

This spammer would get to lie about you.  But the 10th person that
says they lied then the body that is deciding what to do with the
spammer will change their judgement.   It's just not a practical lie.

One thing we could do with opt-out, if this is to be a problem, is
that you could standardize the unsubscribe protocol, and your mailer
could cc all unsubscribes to a service that logs them and timestamps
them.    
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 15:08:02 -0700 (MST)

> From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>

> ...
> 1. consent expression
> 2. policy enforcement
> 3. source tracking (authentication/identification/non-repudiation)

> ...
> I am seeking comments on the charter.  
> -does the consent-based communication viewpoint sufficiently generalizes the
> problem? 
> -do the three components cover the requirements?
> ...

What is "consent expression"?  If it is not a trivial boolean like 
"I do [not] like spam," how can it not be a magnet for abuse ranging
from minor privacy violations to more spam to literal visits from
death squads reducing their political enemies?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: "'Hadmut Danisch'" <hadmut@danisch.de>,
        "'Adam Back'" <adam@cypherspace.org>
Cc: "'Prasenjeet Dutta'" <bulk@chaoszone.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: use of signatures is not restricted by law (Re: [Asrg] Proven solution for authenticating messages)
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Hadmut Danisch wrote concerning secrets:
> here we are talking about protocols that virtually 
> _everybody_ on the world using the internet (and e-mail 
> is a essential part of internet use, isn't it?) will 
> have to adopt. 

	I believe the discussion here is focused on authentication, not
encryption. Thus, the focus is primarily on signatures. As such, the
discussion does not include mechanisms for "hiding" information or even
implementations that would allow passing secrets between people.
	As I understand it, the problem of "private" or "encrypted"
communications is not within the scope of the ASRG charter.
	Even if there were countries that prohibit the use of signature
technologies, there is still a range of methods that could be used, in
part, by residents of those countries. These include, for instance, the
approaches that involve "token-passing". For instance, the "single-user"
email addresses that I've discussed in other mail messages or the
"email-cookie" ideas that have been proposed. Use of these methods would
allow one in a restrictive jurisdiction, or anyone who did not have a
signing ability for some other reason, to send mail to someone who was
free to use the technology and generate the appropriate tokens. (Note: I
am well aware of the fact that these "single-sided" approaches have a
number of weaknesses. However, something may be considered to be better
than nothing.)

		bob wyman

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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: "'Clifton Royston'" <cliftonr@lava.net>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Standardization of RFC headers for email content analysis?
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 17:32:46 -0500
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	The charter calls for both a taxonomy of existing methods as
well as an evaluation of those methods. It would seem that both efforts
would be served by documentation of the various extended headers in use
today. Collecting information about the headers used today would also be
critical to any effort such as the one that you propose to make tools
that rely on header extensions more interoperable.
	Can you document one or more of the sets of extended headers
used today? If so, I'd love to see it.

		bob wyman


-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Clifton Royston
Sent: Tuesday, March 04, 2003 4:06 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] Standardization of RFC headers for email content
analysis?


  I just thought I'd throw this out there, as I've quickly skimmed the
archives and haven't seen any discussion of this yet:

  Would anyone consider it worthwhile for this group to put some focus
on making existing email content analysis/filter tools (in particular
anti-spam software) more interoperable?

  I suggest a useful step in that direction to be defining a standard
for how they should utilize mail headers to announce the results of
their analysis.  Right now it seems that every program uses a different
set of made up X-Headers in a different and incompatible way.  (Well,
except for ours, which uses "Comments:" headers in a different and
incompatible way.)

  This is very limited in scope relative to the "big picture" issues
this group seems to be chartered to discuss, but I think it would be
very helpful to improve interoperability, effectiveness, and ease of
engineering solutions in the near term.
  -- Clifton

P.S. Hi, Chris!
-- 
     Clifton Royston  --  LavaNet Systems Architect --
cliftonr@lava.net

  "If you ride fast enough, the Specialist can't catch you."
  "What's the Specialist?" Samantha says. 
  "The Specialist wears a hat," says the babysitter. "The hat makes
noises."
  She doesn't say anything else.  
                      Kelly Link, _The Specialist's Hat_
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 15:34:16 -0700 (MST)

> From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>

> ...
> But they didn't.  For example I might meet you at a conference and
> find you interesting.  Later I might type your name into google, find
> your e-mail address and add it to my list to invite you to my party.
> ...

You are on very thin ice, because exactly that is what many spammers
claim to justify their spam.  Their definition of "meeting at a
conference" includes finding your name on the roster, but you can't
get them to admit it.

> ...
> We are not, after all, out to stop every email we might find
> annoying ...

true, but you need a better way to distinguish your actions from
what spammers do.


> ...
> However, I am defining stranger as "somebody you voluntarily initiated
> contact with."  I think that's not subjective.  You either did or
> didn't.  Yes, it might sometimes take a bit of work to determine
> (mostly on the voluntary question) but you, yourself would never
> be in doubt.

In practice, bulk mailers will have an interesting notion of "meet."
I'm not worried about junk mail that comes from buying or registering
products on-line.   That's noisesome, but insignificant.

> The definition becomes vital because of course the system of
> punishment -- private or legal -- is based on it.   People must
> not only not have legit mail never blocked, they must never be
> even afraid to send it.  That's the chilling effect doctrine.

That is true only if you care about not chilling unsolicited bulk
mail.  I see nothing wrong with freezing it.


> If I meet you at a conference, and you say anything but "go away",
> then we are not strangers, and I know that for sure.   Yes, we
> might end up remembering things differently but we have ways in
> our systems to deal with that sort of question.

"Meet at a conference" is extremely subjective and assymetrical.  I
never remember most of the people I "meet" and conferences, because
I expect to "meet" hundreds and perhaps thousands, for various notions
of "meet."  I'm not talking about the obvious problems like giving a
talk to 2000 people and putting your address on your first slide, but
just mixing in that audience of 2000.  Many of the people I think I've
"met" wouldn't agree, and vice versa.

>                                                  What we have a
> hard time dealing with is one person saying, "You bought version 1,
> surely you were asking to be told when version 2 was out" and
> the other saying, "No, I didn't."

There are no practical problems with those cases.  In practice, you
assume that you'll be told not only about version 2 but reminded to
purchase more copies of version 1.  Buying version 1 usually involves
an explicit and unavoidable solicitation for junk mail.


> > Exactly what transactions make you other than a stranger?  How about
> > visiting a web site with an old browser that leaks mail addresses?
> > What about walking around a trade show with a name tag that has your
> > mail address?
>
> I doubt there are any browsers out there like that. 

There were.

>                                                      Anyway, if there
> were, why not?   Again, mathematically there are only a few thousands
> of companies and people who are not strangers to you, while there are
> billions who are.   That's so many orders of magnitude.

I deal with only a few companies, but I glance at a lot of web pages
when winnowing search engine results.

>                                                           If a
> simple definition cuts the numbers who might spam by this much, it's
> more than sufficient.

If that were true, then spam would not be a problem today, because
only a very few spammers generate almost all spam today.  Each of us
dealls with or "meets" far more companies and people than there are
significant spammers today.


>                        Especially combined with an unsubscribe rule.
> Such a rule would imply that if you knew 3,000 companies, you would
> at most get 3,000 unwanted mails, and probably far, far less.  That's
> 2 weeks of spam for me!

I think there are fewer than 1500 serious spammers today.  Since email
spam started, I think there have been fewer than 30,000 serious spammers.

Of course, the doomsday spam scenario is 0.1% of the ~20,000,000
companies in the U.S. (not to mention vastly more in the world) sending
you a quarterly reminder of their existence.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Bob Wyman <bob@wyman.us>
Cc: "'Adam Back'" <adam@cypherspace.org>,
        "'Prasenjeet Dutta'" <bulk@chaoszone.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: use of signatures is not restricted by law (Re: [Asrg] Proven solution for authenticating messages)
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 23:46:12 +0100

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 05:19:08PM -0500, Bob Wyman wrote:
> 
> 	I believe the discussion here is focused on authentication, not
> encryption. Thus, the focus is primarily on signatures. As such, the
> discussion does not include mechanisms for "hiding" information or even
> implementations that would allow passing secrets between people.


I fully agree with that. However, a PKI built for signing can
easily be turned into a PKI for encryption by the end users by
using publicly known cryptographical methods.

Thus, a government interested in prohibiting encryption/privacy
has to prohibit digital signatures as well. That's the problem.

This means: You cannot presume that use of signatures is 
unrestricted everywhere. 


Hadmut



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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>, Prasenjeet Dutta <bulk@chaoszone.org>,
        asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: use of signatures is not restricted by law (Re: [Asrg] Proven
 solution for authenticating messages)
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Date: Tue, 04 Mar 2003 22:48:50 +0000
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Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 08:40:42PM +0000, Adam Back wrote:
> 
>>Which countries?
> 
> 
> Oh, I bet you won't have much of a nice future in 
> North Korea, Iraq, maybe China, and some other countries
> in Africa, in far east, of the arabian countries ... 
> if you insist on possessing a secret key. 
> 
> 
> 
>>That position has never been taken in any internet security protocol
>>that I have heard.
> 
> 
> Because most security protocols are to be used voluntarily and not
> with strangers. They are "can use if you want" but not "must use"
> protocols.
> 
> But here we are talking about protocols that virtually
> _everybody_ on the world using the internet (and e-mail is a essential
> part of internet use, isn't it?) will have to adopt. 

Sounds to me like an excellent reason to insist that crypto is used.

Cheers,

Ben.

-- 
http://www.apache-ssl.org/ben.html       http://www.thebunker.net/

"There is no limit to what a man can do or how far he can go if he
doesn't mind who gets the credit." - Robert Woodruff

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200303042259.h24MxpJH001648@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 15:59:51 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>

> ...
> I no longer accept "breaks existing functionality" as a
> bulletproof objection.  The stock reponse is what is the underlying
> requirement, and how can that requirement be met in the context
> of a spam-preventing email system?  If the requirement
> can be met some other way, then the objection disappears.

That is true only provided you still meet the design goals served by
the existing solutions.  "Solutions" that are too much work or don't
support easy mail among strangers are irrelevant.  Recall the
telemarketing (non-)solutions that would be perfect, if only you could
force all of your callers to jump through hoops such as DTMF passwords.

Even if you do find a solution that meets the design goals, you can't
force the market to accept your solution.  Your new solution must be
enough better to make people change.  That is a very high barrier.


> > So how will anyonymous users who want anonymity for privacy 
> > send mail in this world.
>
> Currently, anonymous means "can't find a responsible party."
> That is unacceptable.  The way to achieve anonymity, as
> already suggested, is to work with a responsible third-party
> willing to assume responsibility.

No, almost all spam already has a responsible party that could be
found if only those responsible for keeping records would meet their
existing responsibilities.  No third parties are needed or could do
anything but make things worse.  All ISPs could know their customers.
Open relays and open proxies could be closed or have good logs.  ISPs
hosting spammers could know their customers.  Telephone companies
serving spammers that advertise only their telephone numbers know
their customers, the spammers.  Essentially no spam lacks a pointer
to the responsible party.  (Yes, I know about "joe jobs" as well as
some religious, political, and "kook" spam that lacks such pointers.)

On the other hand, no third party can guarantee anyone's identity at
a price that mail senders or recipeints could afford.  Verifying that
someone is who they say they are costs a lot more than the $350 that
Verisign charges for a certificate, as demonstrated by the Microsoft
certificate they issued.

Back on the first hand, in practice the credit card numbers used to
buy ISP services are good and sufficient proofs of identity.  If they
were not, then no Internet or any credit card commerce would be
possible, because there would be too much credit card fraud.

The only reason some (but not all!) ISPs don't know their customers
and don't exact penalities from spammers sufficent to deter almost all
spam is that it's cheaper or more profitable to support the spammers.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
Message-ID: <20030304233418.GA17958@danisch.de>
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 00:34:18 +0100

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 03:59:51PM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> 
> That is true only provided you still meet the design goals served by
> the existing solutions. 

Insecurity and forgeability have never ever been a design goal
of SMTP. That's a disadvantage, but not a design goal. It has also 
never been a design goal of telnet to make plaintext passwords
available to eavesdroppers.

We cannot fix any security hole as long as we insist on still
fulfilling a so called "design goal" which states insecurity.


Keep in mind the SMTP as we know it was designed more than 20 years
ago (Jon Postels RFC 821 dates from August 1982). In 1982 and before, 
there were almost no security considerations in context of internet
protocols, especially for e-mail. The security business developed in
the 90's. Plain SMTP is one of the last dinosaurs of the pre-security 
era still alive. 

Security didn't play any role in the design of SMTP. Even if it did,
after more than 20 years of progress in internet protocols and
security, such an age-old design goal would require some revision. 

So that so called "design goal" is neither existing nor really relevant.

Hadmut




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From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
To: "'Vernon Schryver'" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: consent expression (was RE: [Asrg] ASRG next steps)
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 18:51:40 -0500


> 
> What is "consent expression"?  

Consent expression means that someone can state which communication they
wish to receive or not to receive. This allows a very granular definition by
each user(individual or organization).


> If it is not a trivial boolean like 
> "I do [not] like spam," how can it not be a magnet for abuse ranging
> from minor privacy violations to more spam to literal visits from
> death squads reducing their political enemies?

trivial boolean? spam can not be expressed as a boolean. We realized that
the definition is inconsistent and people in this community have spent many
years debating "unsolicited bulk" versus "unsolicited commercial bulk"
versus a host of other definitions seeking some form of optimal cover set of
everyone's personal definition. The problem is that while these broad
definitions are good, they are not perfect. There are many messages that
people consider spam that do not fit these definitions (this leads to false
negatives). Likewise there are messages that fall within these definitions
that are not considered spam (this leads to false positives). Spam is in
many cases an individual preference. It is a subjective opinion of unwanted
messages. One approach is to continue to try to confine the definition to
one that covers only the subset of what everyone considers spam without
including anyone's wanted messages. A different approach is to step away
from the binary decision of spam and non-spam and realize that communication
can be more granularly defined. For example, "product offers", "chain
letters", "mailing lists", "newsletters", "greeting cards", "fradulent
offers", "unauthenticated messages", "unverifiable messages", etc. By
developing a robust categorization of messages, we can allow users to
express consent for certain types of communication. This allows the common
lack-of-consent policies to be implemented as close to the source as
possible. From there, we require an architecture that can support these
policies. This architecture may very well be a combination of current and
new approaches.
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Date: 04 Mar 2003 16:15:22 -0800
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Hello, I'm new to the list is still poring over the archive. Most of my
concerns with this proposal I've already seen listed, but I have a few
others.

DNS servers often suffer from being misconfigured, down, on a lame
saturated network, or any other of a long list of ailments. The email
stuff I work on deals with high volumes, so unless some part of the
protocol requires a DNS lookup, I avoid the lookup since a sufficient
number of dead DNS servers ends up becoming a DOS.

If I understand your proposal correctly, the idea is to look up the
domain and get a list of IP addresses back. When you provide dialup
access via several different companies, your list of IPs that are
allowed to relay gets huge. Getting that back via DNS seems inherently
nasty to me.

Peter




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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 17:08:59 -0700 (MST)

> Received: from sklave3.rackland.de (sklave3.rackland.de [213.133.101.23])
> 	by calcite.rhyolite.com (8.12.8/8.12.8) with ESMTP id h24NZ8im005746
> 	(version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA bits=168 verify=FAIL)
> 	for <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> env-from <hadmut@danisch.de>;
> 	Tue, 4 Mar 2003 16:35:10 -0700 (MST)
> Received: from sodom (uucp@localhost)
> 	by sklave3.rackland.de (8.12.8/8.12.8/Debian-1) with BSMTP id h24NZ7i3024946;
> 	Wed, 5 Mar 2003 00:35:07 +0100
> Received: from sodom.home.danisch.de (localhost [127.0.0.1])
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> 	Wed, 5 Mar 2003 00:34:18 +0100
> From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>

> ...
> Insecurity and forgeability have never ever been a design goal
> of SMTP. That's a disadvantage, but not a design goal.

That is wrong if asked and answered honestly.  Of course "insecurity"
and "forgeability" have not been design goals, but "receiving mail
from strangers" has been a goal.

Authentication is not magic pixie dust that can be sprinkled over a
protocol.  Authenticating strangers is nonsense.  A stranger is someone
you don't know, including don't know he is not a bank robber, spammer,
your long lost uncle, or all three.

Contrary to your implicit claim, sending from one IP address with a
different return IP address has always been a design goal.  Sending
from one domain name with a return address in another domain has always
been an explicit design goal at least as far as the Reply-To header
is concerned.  That the Sender header exists, suggests that differing
SMTP client reverse DNS domaon name and Mail_From values has been a
goal.  For at least 15 years allowing such mismatches have been a
practical requirement.  

Requiring that the reverse DNS domain name matches the Mail_From domain
name is as wrong aad silly as it would be to requirer that when you
send a picture postcard while on vacation you use your current hotel
as your return address.  Neither requirement would reduce fraud, spam,
or anything else that is bad.

There are reasons why large ISPs would like to impose such a requirement.
The instant messaging battle between AOL and Microsoft demonstrates
why they would like it and why reasonable people oppose it.

Whether sklave3.rackland.de authenticates mail from sodom.home.danisch.de
with a Mail_from value of hadmut@danisch.de tells no one outside
whether you are a spammer.  On the other hand, if you were a spammer,
it would be trivial to finger you by contacting the operators of
213.133.101.23 or if necessary 213.133.96.29, 213.133.96.65, or
212.114.147.1.

Since both sklave3.rackland.de and calcite.rhyolite.com are running
SMTP-TLS, your mail could have been authenticated, if only my system
had a certificate.  But that certificate would not tell me or my
system anything that I don't already know or would need to know about
whether your mail is spam.

If mail.rackland.de also runs SMTP-TLS and if you check its logs, you
will probably find that some spammers are also using SMTP-TLS.



>          That's a disadvantage, but not a design goal. 

That authentication is nonsense when receiving mail from strangers
is an unavoidable disadvantage of the design goal of receiving mail
from strangers.

>                                                        It has also 
> never been a design goal of telnet to make plaintext passwords
> available to eavesdroppers.

That's irrelevant noise.

> We cannot fix any security hole as long as we insist on still
> fulfilling a so called "design goal" which states insecurity.

Stated honestly, that is true.  Indeed, we cannot fix security
holes that are implicit in the design goals without changing
the design goals.

If your design goals imply a protocol that authenticates senders, then
use SMTP-AUTH, STMP-TLS, SMIME, PGP, or others.  They are all widely
available and work fine.  However, they are also useless and irrelevant
for a general mail protocol among strangers.


> Keep in mind the SMTP as we know it was designed more than 20 years
> ago (Jon Postels RFC 821 dates from August 1982). In 1982 and before, 
> there were almost no security considerations in context of internet
> protocols, especially for e-mail. The security business developed in
> the 90's. Plain SMTP is one of the last dinosaurs of the pre-security 
> era still alive. 
>
> Security didn't play any role in the design of SMTP. Even if it did,
> after more than 20 years of progress in internet protocols and
> security, such an age-old design goal would require some revision. 
>
> So that so called "design goal" is neither existing nor really relevant.

That is various quite wrong and entirely irrelevant. 


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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I'm surprised to see so little focus so far on the underlying cause of the
problem. The economic model of email is fundamentally broken, and that
CREATES the spam problem. "We have met the enemy, and they is us."

In simplest terms, email is NOT free, but because we pretend it is free,
from the spammers' perspective, they are simply dividing by zero. It doesn't
matter if they send out 100 million pieces of spam if they think their
"costs" are low enough. Any return, even a single sucker who sends them $5,
looks like an infinite return on the "investment" of zero. Of course, even
for the spammers the costs are not really zero, but it looks close enough to
them. Interesting combination of cunning and stupidity, neh? In reality they
are poisoning the well, but they fantasize about getting rich NOW. Ergo, the
spam.

Solution? Obvious. Alternate economic model. Why not use an extended header
line for postage-paid email? Anyone who routes their email address through
such an extended SMTP server will receive NO MORE SPAM. No ifs, ands, buts.
(Well, one it. The postage has to be securely encrypted, but that's a solved
problem.) Any email coming from that routing would be absolutely safe. You
would know that someone actually put their money in front of their mouth and
paid the postage. No effect on the rest of the email world, but the people
in that corner know they would get no spam.

P.S. This system would support natural extensions for legitimate
advertising, and I can actually see email service providers acting as
mediated advertisers. On the one side they would protect your privacy and
give you powerful control over the kind of advertising you want to see, even
including commissions for receiving it (as a legitimate and qualified
customer, but without actually revealing any personal information in
public). On the other side, they would be selling email access to those
customers.

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: consent expression (was RE: [Asrg] ASRG next steps)
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 17:19:27 -0700 (MST)

> From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>

> ...
> Consent expression means that someone can state which communication they
> wish to receive or not to receive. This allows a very granular definition by
> each user(individual or organization).

>                                ...  A different approach is to step away
> from the binary decision of spam and non-spam and realize that communication
> can be more granularly defined. For example, "product offers", "chain
> letters", "mailing lists", "newsletters", "greeting cards", "fradulent
> offers", "unauthenticated messages", "unverifiable messages", etc.  By
> developing a robust categorization of messages, we can allow users to
> express consent for certain types of communication. This allows the common
> lack-of-consent policies to be implemented as close to the source as
> possible. From there, we require an architecture that can support these
> policies. This architecture may very well be a combination of current and
> new approaches.

We already have ways to characterize and optionally refuse "unauthenticated
messages" or "unverifiable messages" for various notions of those.
For example, you can tell your SMTP server to reject mail that fails
SMTP-TLS verification or does not use SMTP-AUTH.

I'd be interested in hearing useful notions of the others.  I fear
that legitimate mail doesn't need content identifiers, because its
targets want it regardless of labels, while spam will always have
surprising labels.  Mail that should be tagged "fradulent offers" will
always be marked otherwise as "newsletters" or "greeting cards."  Mail
that should be marked "unsolicited newsletters" will be marked "about
last night."  Of course, legitimate ISPs won't tolerate that, but
legitimate ISPs already don't tolerate spam.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Cc: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>,
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP draft 
In-Reply-To: Message from Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org> 
   of "Tue, 04 Mar 2003 16:09:07 EST." <Pine.GSO.4.10.10303041554190.11556-100000@nber1.nber.org> 
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 00:32:18 +0000


Daniel Feenberg said:
> On Tue, 4 Mar 2003, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> > On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 10:49:50AM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> Could some public spirited citizen keep a publicly directory of opt-in
> mailing lists that MTA operators might want to whitelist? That would seem
> to be essential if whitelisting mailing lists was not to become a clerical
> burden.

That would be nice, alright -- a DNSWL.

But -- focusing on the "clerical burden" -- I'd like to reiterate that
point; any system that requires manual whitelisting will be as bad as, or
worse than, the spam problem.  If we create work for the user or admin,
we're simply shifting the form of work from "hitting the 'd' key" to
"editing my whitelist again".

In fact, one measurement of statistical filter effectiveness is Ion
Androutsopoulos' "TCR" figure, which models the work of recovering from
FPs and FNs compared with "hitting 'd'".

> Would some form of address authentication be required? If so, then
> hashcash is not a substitue for RMX but a complement.

I have a feeling hashcash could make an excellent form of source-address
authentication and identification BTW, even on its own.  I haven't thought
out exactly how, though.

--j.
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] filtering at connect time
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> People who operate relays may be less culpable than
> the original senders of spam, but they are certainly blame worthy

I don't see anything inherently wrong with operating an open relay, as long as
they don't alter messages and they're willing to pay for the bandwidth they
use.  It happens that we only have extremely poor mechanisms for tracking down
spammers, and that open relays defeat one of those mechanisms.  But the real
problem is not open relays and never was - it was the lack of tracability and
the corresponding lack of any means of making originators accountable for
their actions.  Shutting down open relays hasn't been a significant deterrent
to spammers, but it has cost us valuable functionality.  At most it's been a
needless distraction.

Keith
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To: Bob Wyman <bob@wyman.us>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Standardization of RFC headers for email content analysis?
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On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 05:32:46PM -0500, Bob Wyman wrote:
> 	The charter calls for both a taxonomy of existing methods as
> well as an evaluation of those methods. It would seem that both efforts
> would be served by documentation of the various extended headers in use
> today. Collecting information about the headers used today would also be
> critical to any effort such as the one that you propose to make tools
> that rely on header extensions more interoperable.
> 	Can you document one or more of the sets of extended headers
> used today? If so, I'd love to see it.

  I don't have much as yet, but I'll try to throw some notes together.
Others are welcome to contribute.

  -- Clifton

-- 
     Clifton Royston  --  LavaNet Systems Architect --  cliftonr@lava.net

  "If you ride fast enough, the Specialist can't catch you."
  "What's the Specialist?" Samantha says. 
  "The Specialist wears a hat," says the babysitter. "The hat makes noises."
  She doesn't say anything else.  
                      Kelly Link, _The Specialist's Hat_
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On Tue, 4 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> Remailing forces DSNs on failure, which has various costs including
> double bounces into your postmaster mailbox and bounces sent to
> innocent people when the return address really was forged.

Correct.  However, you'll find that something like 80-90% of incoming
messages are to a single recipient, so you rarely need to handle the
case of two different recipients with two different sets of
preferences.  In the 10-20% of cases you do, well, double-bounces are
just a cost of doing business.

> Or do you discard instead of bounce during the re-mailing?

It's configurable.  By default, we bounce, because I also don't like
systems that silently drop mail.

--
David.
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On Tuesday, March 4, 2003, at 07:15 PM, Peter A. Friend wrote:
> If I understand your proposal correctly, the idea is to look up the
> domain and get a list of IP addresses back. When you provide dialup
> access via several different companies, your list of IPs that are
> allowed to relay gets huge. Getting that back via DNS seems inherently
> nasty to me.

A point I brought up (and one of the reasons I tossed my own OX 
proposal in the trash months ago, which was, essentially, the same 
thing).

Any proposal which ends up - for large sites[1] - costing them DNS 
resources as they constantly have to fallback to TCP for the long 
answers, is doomed to failure as "dead on the vine".

I've seen a couple other proposals, and am waiting impatiently for 
authors of such to bring them forward for public review, which 
hopefully will happen any day now.

D

[1] which are the sites you most need buy-in from

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> Components of a solution:
> 1. consent expression
> 2. policy enforcement
> 3. source tracking (authentication/identification/non-repudiation)

> -does the consent-based communication viewpoint sufficiently generalizes the
> problem? 

It seems like a stretch of the way 'consent' is normally used.  One aspect of
it with which I agree is that spam is in the eye of the beholder.   We
probably do not want a system that presumes that certain kinds of content are
spam.  It's not clear to me whether we even want a system that allows
recipients to declare 'consent' for certain kinds of mail and that permits
upstream filtering of their mail that doesn't meet those criteria.   I can see
where such a system might be useful, but I doubt that it would be a good idea
to rely on it as the only mechanism for reducing spam.

> -do the three components cover the requirements?

It's too early to tell.

I suspect that 'consent expression' (if I understand what it means) is
essential to any approach that allows filtering of messages prior to delivery
of messages to the recipient.  I don't want some upstream MTA filtering mail
that is sent to me without my consent. 

'Policy enforcement' as defined in the charter seems to me to be too
restrictive.   I am not going to trust a remote MTA operated by another ISP to
'enforce policy' for me.   Here's another way to think of it: it might be
useful to have a feedback path from recipients into the message transfer
system (MTS) which helps the MTS prioritize traffic so that the MTS does not
waste resources transmitting mail (or by extension, waste resources that
recipients use in dealing with mail that is delivered) which will not be read.
Similarly, there's no need for the MTS to immediately deliver mail which the
recipient is not willing to immediately accept.

And *some* kind of 'source tracking' (but not necessarily authentication,
identification, or even non-repudiation in any strong sense) is essential to
any approach that tries to penalize or marginalize those who send spam
(regardless of the granularity with which this is done).   But it's not yet
clear whether we should recommend this as part of the solution.

I think these are fine as examples as possible components (as indicated in the
charter), but we should not expect a priori that these are the only components
or even that all of the above will be necessary.   Which is not to say that I
disagree with them, just that the charter should not anticipate the outcome of
the group.

> Milestones/Deliverables:
> 1. problem statement/ requirements document
> 2. taxonomy of existing approaches
> 3. taxonomy of proposed approaches
> 4. evaluation of existing and proposed approaches ( to include usefulness,
> monetary cost, affect on normal use of email, legal support of the solution
> and vice versa)
> 5. transfer of technology (possibly through standards proposals to the IETF)

Please, please, please, let's take the word "requirements" out of #1.  It's
bad enough that working groups get caught up in trying to define requirements
of problems they do not understand.  We're not even a working group.  If
we identify a couple of requirements in the problem statement that we can all
agree on, that might be okay. But focusing on requirements will tempt us to
nail too may things down, and invite ratholing.  

I suggest that 2 and 3 be combined, with a clear indication of which
approaches are existing and which are merely proposed - partially because I
think it will be more useful to have all of the approaches side-by-side, and
partially because I think existing/proposed is a spectrum rather than a bit.

> I am seeking individuals that are interested in taking a more active role in
> managing one of the first four deliverables mentioned above.

I've informally started trying to do 2&3 already with the idea of producing a
draft after a couple of iterations on the list.

Keith
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To: Clifton Royston <cliftonr@lava.net>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Standardization of RFC headers for email content
 analysis?
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>   Would anyone consider it worthwhile for this group to put some focus
> on making existing email content analysis/filter tools (in particular
> anti-spam software) more interoperable?

I don't think this is sufficiently close to our charter, nor do I think this
is appropriate activity for a research group.  We might try to decide whether
some standard for interoperability between such tools would be useful,
but actually trying to define how they interoperate is better left for a
standards group.

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To: <bob@wyman.us>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, cliftonr@lava.net, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Standardization of RFC headers for email content
 analysis?
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> 	The charter calls for both a taxonomy of existing methods as
> well as an evaluation of those methods. It would seem that both efforts
> would be served by documentation of the various extended headers in use
> today.

far too detalied, I think, and probably off the mark.  in particular, message
headers are part of the payload to be transmitted from sender to recipient,
not part of the envelope used by the transfer/delivery system. i.e. they are not
an appropriate means to transmit information between different parts of the 
delivery system.

that and for the purpose of this discussion it's probably sufficient if we
classify a few kinds of things that analysis tools look for (e.g. originator
characteristics, signal path, gross message characteristics, specific
items in the content) and some of the kinds of filtering that are done based
on the analysis (e.g. discard, bounce, alter, delay, require confirmation)
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On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 09:14:20AM +0900, Shannon Jacobs allegedly wrote:

> Solution? Obvious. Alternate economic model. Why not use an extended header
> line for postage-paid email? Anyone who routes their email address through
> such an extended SMTP server will receive NO MORE SPAM. No ifs, ands, buts.

Well... A lot less spam maybe. Many companies willing pay a US postage stamp
to send, eg, credit card offers. I get a couple a week. If these same companies
can select their target email addresses, I can't see why they wouldn't
be tempted to pay the postage-paid email fee (aka marketing cost) to spam me.

Sure, postage-paid email will destroy the business model of many spammers, but
not all spammers. Whether the reduced level is tolerable is a different
question.


Regards.
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
Organization: Ready-to-Run Software, Inc.
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> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Vernon Schryver
> Sent: Tuesday, March 04, 2003 7:09 PM

> That is wrong if asked and answered honestly.  Of course 
> "insecurity" and "forgeability" have not been design goals, 
> but "receiving mail from strangers" has been a goal.

That may have been the goal twenty years ago, but today the goal
must be reformulated, perhaps as "receiving personal email
from strangers must be possible for those who wish to receive
such mail"

> Contrary to your implicit claim, sending from one IP address 
> with a different return IP address has always been a design 
> goal.  Sending from one domain name with a return address in 
> another domain has always been an explicit design goal at 
> least as far as the Reply-To header is concerned.  That the 
> Sender header exists, suggests that differing SMTP client 
> reverse DNS domaon name and Mail_From values has been a goal. 

Ultimately, requirements translate into user requirements, not
some technical point.  Phrasing them technically as above
tends to obscure the real requirements.

So, for example, the real requirement is to be able to send
mail from one authorized address with a return address being
another authorized address, "authorized" being the operative
word.  Or it's the ability to run mailing lists with
reasonable "From" addresses, and a choice (at the list server 
level) between having the default reply go back to the sender
or to the list.

I do not believe that it was ever a requirement to have
the ability to send an email with a return address one had
no right to use, and even if it were, it is not a requirement
now.  Requirements phrased in terms of IP addresses are only
justifiable when rephrased and analyzed this way.

> Requiring that the reverse DNS domain name matches the 
> Mail_From domain name is as wrong aad silly as it would be to 
> requirer that when you send a picture postcard while on 
> vacation you use your current hotel as your return address.  
> Neither requirement would reduce fraud, spam, or anything 
> else that is bad.
 
While that's often done, the real requirement is that the 
sending computer have the authorization to send on behalf
of the purported (i.e. mail_from) domain  -- or perhaps 
it needs to be at the user level or some other granularity).

However, let me observe that a significant proportion of the
spam I receive can be rejected on the reverse DNS basis, while 
only a tiny proportion of legitimate mail would result in a false
positive.  So, while it's far from perfect, I don't agree
with your conclusion that it doesn't reduce spam, based on 
my own personal empirical evidence.

Gary

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On Tue, 4 Mar 2003 13:17:14 -0700 (MST), Vernon Schryver wrote:

>That is not right.  People who operate relays may be less culpable than
>the original senders of spam, but they are certainly blame worthy
>and they are certainly not victims in the same class as spam targets.

The term of art is 'contributory negligence'

Jeffrey Race

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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
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> We realized that the definition is inconsistent and people in this community
> have spent many  years debating "unsolicited bulk" versus "unsolicited
> commercial bulk" versus a host of other definitions seeking some form of
> optimal cover set of everyone's personal definition. 

To a recipient, spam is mail he finds annoying, doesn't want to receive, and
thinks the sender should have known better than to send to him. 
(It's like the famous judge's definition of porn: "I know it when I see it.")

To an ISP, spam is what violates its AUP.  Alternately, it's what customers
complain about loudly enough that the ISP has to spend resources doing
something about it, thus increasing cost and decreasing margin.

To a sender, spam is whatever someone else is doing.  No spammer sees himself
as part of the problem :)

IMHO, it's important to keep these fundamentally different perspectives in
mind. A recipient who receives an annoying message is just as annoyed whether
he is the sole recipient of that message or whether it was sent to millions of
people.  ISPs don't want to deal with every annoying message that someone
receives, and we don't want to penalize every sender who happens to
occasionally annoy someone over email. It makes sense for ISPs to be concerned
about the *volume* of annoying messages that are sent out (hence "bulk") or
whether the messages sent out violate some well-defined criteria (e.g.
"commercial") that can be cited as violations of the sender's contract with
the ISP.  But these criteria should not be viewed as sacrosanct, and
different, or additional, criteria may also be valid.

Keith
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Date: Tue, 04 Mar 2003 18:06:59 -0800

At 06:51 PM 3/4/2003 -0500, Paul Judge wrote:
>spam can not be expressed as a boolean

While I suspect the statement might be true, I would counsel you to avoid 
absolute statements this early in the game. They shut down exploration in 
the deprecated paths, research that might be of value.

If we can describe classes of traffic, such as perhaps providing keywords like

         PORN
         HUMOR
         OFFER-TO-SELL
         PERSONAL-MESSAGE
         TOPICAL-DISCUSSION
         OFFER-TO-ILLEGALLY-LAUNDER-EXCESS-NIGERIAN-CAPITAL-FOR-FUN-AND-PROFIT
         TROLL-FOR-INTEREST-IN-OFF-TOPIC-DISCUSSION

(well, maybe not the last two)

one could imagine people being able to identify their traffic correctly and 
being motivated to do so. While "you sent me unsolicited commercial email" 
is not an accusation (oops, statement) that can be objectively evaluated 
because the spammer might have a different definition of "solicit" than you 
do (those who spam me sure have a different definition than I do; they tell 
me I actually solicit this crap), the statement "this is a solicitation to 
view a web site containing material of an adult nature" is objective enough 
that folks who send them seem to be able to identify them - and mention the 
adult nature, the fact that they are 18, or various products such as 
NetNanny in the course of their solicitation.

Anyone who sees a need to include "to unsubscribe ___" or "I claim that you 
opted in because some mailer at the other end of the earth got loaded up 
with your email address" might find it in their interest to correctly 
describe the load they are offering. A mail relay server might, on that 
basis, only choose to handle traffic that claims to be of type 
TOPICAL-DISCUSSION, and might state in its mailing list description that 
the filter was being applied, or might include a note to that effect in its 
bounce message.

You still have the question of whether folks sending traffic of type PORN 
might decide that their mail is always TOPICAL-DISCUSSION, but I suspect 
that we will always have the problem of non-cooperative senders of mail.

What I have in mind, of course, is something similar to what Dan Bernstein 
does - if you send him an email, you will get a very obnoxious note that 
says "if you really want to dent my consciousness, you need to send your 
email again and tell me that you will pay me $250 if I read it and decide 
it is spam." But what I would propose is some form of system in which you 
describe the contents of the email in terms that a boolean filter (a filter 
that applies a boolean expression and does something if it is true and 
something else if it is false) can evaluate. What is needed is a vocabulary 
of message types. 

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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 18:07:52 -0800

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 03:34:16PM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> > From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
> 
> > ...
> > But they didn't.  For example I might meet you at a conference and
> > find you interesting.  Later I might type your name into google, find
> > your e-mail address and add it to my list to invite you to my party.
> > ...
> 
> You are on very thin ice, because exactly that is what many spammers
> claim to justify their spam.  Their definition of "meeting at a
> conference" includes finding your name on the roster, but you can't
> get them to admit it.

But if our goal is to not punish legitimate communication in our
effort to crush the spam, we must not put me on thin ice here because
I would contend that this is legit communication.  And I am hardly
the only one who does it.  I get many party invites this way.

Now in general we can exempt the small volume stuff as one solution,
since again mathematically it is unlikely to cause the problem we
wish to fix - flooded mailboxes and servers.

(And realize that making 100 orders to send a message 100 times is
still a 10,000 message mailing regardless of how you fudge it.  It's
only humans that break and obey rules, after all, and how they use
the computers doesn't bear much on it.)

Spammers will lie about anything we use.  They will say you solicited
the mail (and often do), and it's as hard to prove as anything.  If
you let our friendly meeting be an expression of your willingness to
be invited to my parties, I have no way of proving we really met.

> true, but you need a better way to distinguish your actions from
> what spammers do.

Spammers send bulk mail to people who don't know them from Adam. 
I don't.  If you get a lot of complaints about me you can judge
me as lying, that's how it's done in the real world.

> In practice, bulk mailers will have an interesting notion of "meet."
> I'm not worried about junk mail that comes from buying or registering
> products on-line.   That's noisesome, but insignificant.

They will, but I am interested in what you suggest they will use because
I think we can come to a pretty solid line.   Gave you my badge to
scan -- yes.  Got photographed by your hidden camera as I walked
by -- no.   

But again, even giving the spammers the most liberal definition they
can get, what is going to happen?  Maybe some nasty company will spam
you because you asked a question in their booth and they took a picture
of your name, and they prove it's OK by showing the picture of you
in their booth?   Maybe they could do this, but I'm not quaking
in my boots.

99.99% of the spam I get is from people who can't even remotely claim
I made contact with them with any evidence to back it up, because I
didn't.  99.99% is good enough for me.
> 
> That is true only if you care about not chilling unsolicited bulk
> mail.  I see nothing wrong with freezing it.

So is my party list legit?  Should I be afraid to invite people I
meet to parties if I didn't get a more explicit consent?
> 
> talk to 2000 people and putting your address on your first slide, but
> just mixing in that audience of 2000.  Many of the people I think I've
> "met" wouldn't agree, and vice versa.

Sure, I forget people all the time.  What matters again is the game of
numbers.  Can we cut the spam down by 3 orders of magnitude?  If so,
we win.

That's why I argue the definition must be the intersection definition
still strong enough to attack the problem.  A definition that nobody
thinks is blocking legit mail, so everybody can be 100% behind
punishing those who violate it.


> There are no practical problems with those cases.  In practice, you
> assume that you'll be told not only about version 2 but reminded to
> purchase more copies of version 1.  Buying version 1 usually involves
> an explicit and unavoidable solicitation for junk mail.

BOy, I sure have heard a lot of people disagree with that!
> 
> 
> I deal with only a few companies, but I glance at a lot of web pages
> when winnowing search engine results.

Sure.  But if they all spammed and you could get off right away,
how bad would it be?  And if they could find your address it would
only be a tiny few.  And if you were really concerned you could
use tricks to hide your address.  I don't know of a single instance
of spamming people who just visited a web site.
> 
> I think there are fewer than 1500 serious spammers today.  Since email
> spam started, I think there have been fewer than 30,000 serious spammers.

Do you mean spammers, or spam companies providing services to spammes?
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To: "Shannon Jacobs" <shanen@yamato.ibm.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003 09:14:20 +0900
"Shannon Jacobs" <shanen@yamato.ibm.com> wrote:

> I'm surprised to see so little focus so far on the underlying cause of the
> problem. The economic model of email is fundamentally broken

Nope, that's not the cause of the problem.  That's trying to impose a model
that works in a world of tangible property, onto the world of interpersonal
communication.  Imposition of this model hasn't worked well in the case of
intellectural property laws, and it won't necessarily work well for
communications either.  You can argue that recipients' time is a scarce
resource that should be subjected to market forces, but this relies on several
false assumptions - in particular, that there is an ordering relation for the
value of communication, and that the value of such communications is fungible
with money.
 
> Solution? Obvious. Alternate economic model. Why not use an extended header
> line for postage-paid email? 

Because one of the best things about email (much of the time) is that it does
not impose significant burdens on senders.

Which is not to say that raising the burden on senders, some of the time,
under some conditions, might not be useful.  But it's not *the* solution.

Keith

p.s. if you really believe that everything can be equated to money, try to set
a price for someone who wants to take up your time as you are breathing your
last...
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar  4 21:14:11 2003
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: Ben Laurie <ben@algroup.co.uk>
Cc: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>, Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>,
        Prasenjeet Dutta <bulk@chaoszone.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: use of signatures is not restricted by law (Re: [Asrg] Proven solution for authenticating messages)
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I apologize if these issues came up before I joined the list but...

a) All existing e-mail signature tools sign the bodies of messages,
not the headers.  They have no way to authenticate the headers unless
they duplicate them in the body and your tool compares them.  So
they don't do a lot to prevent forgeries of headers, subject lines
etc. which are pretty important in this case.

b) X.509 uses identity certificates rather than attribute certs, and
the certs are HUGE and people would get quite annoyed attaching 5K
to each e-mail.

c) Identity certs are evil, did I mention that? :-)

d) Microsoft outlook supports S/MIME and x.509 but in a terrible way.
If you turn it on, you get queried with dialog boxes about access
to your private key with every email you send. (plus every email
you receive encrypted.)

e) You can declare you demand signed mail, but what good will that
do you during the early period when nobody is signing?  You have
to have some other avenue for them.   And why should people sign if
the other avenue exists?  It's a tradeoff on how hard you make the
avenue.  Make it too hard and lose mail.  Make it too easy and
nobody feels the need to get all new email software and a cert.

Frankly, ask me to do anything particuarly hard just to send you
a mail, and I'm going to say "fuck you" unless I really had a
strong interest in sending that mail.  If I was sending it to help
you, because of request on your web page or in a posting, and I get
more than the simplest of challenges, I will just discard the mail.

f) You still need systems to allow anonymous mail (just not in bulk)
and not have everybody by default refusing it because it might be
spam.


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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: "'Fred Baker'" <fred@cisco.com>,
        "'Paul Judge'" <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: consent expression (was RE: [Asrg] ASRG next steps)
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Fred Baker wrote:
> some form of system in which you describe the contents 
> of the email in terms that a boolean filter
	I believe that you may be describing something that would be
very much like W3C's "PICS" but applied to Email. For info on PICS
(Platform for Internet Content Selection), see:
http://www.w3.org/PICS/

	The following is the description from their site:
"The PICS specification enables labels (metadata) to be associated with
Internet content. It was originally designed to help parents and
teachers control what children access on the Internet, but it also
facilitates other uses for labels, including code signing and privacy.
The PICS platform is one on which other rating services and filtering
software have been built."

		bob wyman

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar  4 21:21:15 2003
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: Shannon Jacobs <shanen@yamato.ibm.com>
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 18:21:15 -0800


I was one of the first people to propose e-stamps for internet
mail.  I have since renounced the idea.

Fully detailed reasons are at:

    http://www.templetons.com/brad/spume/estamps.html

But in short:
    a) You can't get there from here, since you can't reject mail
       that is unstamped until lots of people use stamps and nobody
       will want to use stamps unless people are demanding them.

    b) CPU coins are better than money but still face problem (a)
    c) Putting an artifical cost on something that was designed to
       be cheap is a lousy answer.
    d) It has free speech implications.  (in both senses of the word.)
    e) Mailing lists are a problem.
    f) Major virus problem if you use real money

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 09:14:20AM +0900, Shannon Jacobs wrote:
> I'm surprised to see so little focus so far on the underlying cause of the
> problem. The economic model of email is fundamentally broken, and that
> CREATES the spam problem. "We have met the enemy, and they is us."

That e-mail is very efficient is a feature, not a bug.   I would be
loathe to give it up.   The "internet cost contract" -- namely I pay
for my end of the wire and you pay for your -- is what made the internet
great, let's not tear it down if we can avoid it.

Now I agree that the super-cheapness of bulk mail (some say that
the problem is that spam transfers cost from sender to recipient, but
the truth is it's super cheap for both of them, and spammers would still
spam if they had to pay the real cost of the whole transmission.)
is at the root cause of spam.   But it's a feature.  We want it for
our regular mailing lists.

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar  4 21:23:09 2003
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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
To: "Asrg@ietf.org" <Asrg@ietf.org>
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On Tue, 4 Mar 2003 17:08:59 -0700 (MST), Vernon Schryver wrote:

>Sending
>from one domain name with a return address in another domain has always
>been an explicit design goal at least as far as the Reply-To header
>is concerned.  That the Sender header exists, suggests that differing
>SMTP client reverse DNS domaon name and Mail_From values has been a
>goal.  For at least 15 years allowing such mismatches have been a
>practical requirement.

Yes, I could not participate in this list were it otherwise.  I have
to get my mail at my USA POP server, but I must send from my current
location in Bangkok where the POP provider (AT&T) has no SMTP node.

Jeffrey Race

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	for Asrg@ietf.org; Tue, 04 Mar 2003 16:21:35 -0500
From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 04 Mar 2003 20:57:33 EST."
             <004501c2e2ba$963fc030$4d9cf140@rtr.com> 
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Date: Tue, 04 Mar 2003 16:21:35 -0500

"Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com> wrote:
> ... today the goal must be reformulated, perhaps as "receiving
> personal email from strangers must be possible for those who wish to
> receive such mail"

  I'm not sure I agree.

  If my ISP is under serious attack from spammers, then some level of
"good" mail will probably be thrown out with the spam.  The only way I
know of to guarantee that no "good" mail is thrown out, is to not
throw out *any* mail.

  This is unacceptable.

  We have to decide what level of spam we can live with, and what
level of false positives we can live with in anti-spam filters.  If
lowering the false positive rate by 2% increases the amount of spam by
10x, then that solution doesn't scale.

> I do not believe that it was ever a requirement to have
> the ability to send an email with a return address one had
> no right to use, and even if it were, it is not a requirement
> now.

  I agree.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
Cc: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>,
        Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] filtering at connect time
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 18:33:37 -0800

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 09:00:00AM +0700, Dr. Jeffrey Race wrote:
> On Tue, 4 Mar 2003 13:17:14 -0700 (MST), Vernon Schryver wrote:
> 
> >That is not right.  People who operate relays may be less culpable than
> >the original senders of spam, but they are certainly blame worthy
> >and they are certainly not victims in the same class as spam targets.
> 
> The term of art is 'contributory negligence'

That is the term, but only a very few years ago open relays were
the norm, even the polite thing to do.  Until people came up with
kludges like smtp-after-pop, they were even the approved way to
help your users who roamed around the network.  So in the law it's
quite a leap from moving something from expected norm to negligent
in just a few years.

The draft I proposed allows open relays for those who wish to use
them, though they can't run mailing lists from them.  So I suggest
it is not inherent that open mail relays must be closed.

Plus it's an interesting precedent.  For example, if you run MS
Windows as found on the CD, your machine can be invaded and used
as a base for DDOS.  Should you be sued over this?  Should Microsoft?
What about after patches become available?

It's messy.

Anyway, the point is the open relay operators are not doing things
deliberately.  They don't want to relay spam.  They are spammer's
victims.  If possible, we should try to help them.   Forcing them
all to close is something to be done only if we have exhausted all
ways to solve the problem.

Plus there are "open" relay operators who state they have put in
throttles which stop spammers (or anybody untrusted) from sending
large volumes of mail through the relay.  Yet the blacklist relay
testers don't test a large volume, they test a single message, and
blacklist the relay even though it is not practical for spammers
to use it.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP draft 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 04 Mar 2003 18:07:52 PST."
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Date: Tue, 04 Mar 2003 16:34:26 -0500

Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com> wrote:
> What matters again is the game of numbers.  Can we cut the spam down
> by 3 orders of magnitude?  If so, we win.

  Some people won't.

  There's always the poor sap on the end of the statistical
distribution.  He laughs at people whining about 40% spam rates.  If
his level of spam was cut down by 3 orders of magnitude, then the spam
would only be double his normal email traffic.


  If the "solutions" to spam involve still allowing spammers to
overwhelm some people, then those solutions will just get you cursed
by the guy who's *still* getting spammed, when everyone else things
that the problem has gone away.

> > I deal with only a few companies, but I glance at a lot of web pages
> > when winnowing search engine results.
> 
> Sure.  But if they all spammed and you could get off right away,
> how bad would it be?

  Bad.  That's what's happening today, and it doesn't help.

  It's 10,000 companies in the world versus little old me.  They can
exchange information, and all decide to spam me.  They have the
resources to send massive amounts of spam, and to deal with any
technical or legal ramifications.


  When 10,000 people want to talk to you at the same time, there's
nothing you can do except give up, and leave the room.  You've been
deafened, silenced, and harrassed all at the same time.

  The fact that they want to "help" you by selling you a product is
irrelevant.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 21:46:33 -0500 (EST)

On Tue, 4 Mar 2003, Alan DeKok wrote:

>   If my ISP is under serious attack from spammers, then some level of
> "good" mail will probably be thrown out with the spam.  The only way I
> know of to guarantee that no "good" mail is thrown out, is to not
> throw out *any* mail.

Or to have a human sort it out.

>   We have to decide what level of spam we can live with, and what
> level of false positives we can live with in anti-spam filters.  If
> lowering the false positive rate by 2% increases the amount of spam by
> 10x, then that solution doesn't scale.

Yes, but the "we" in "we have to decide" should be we, the end users,
not some ISP.

Automatic filters will get you so far, maybe up to 90-98% accuracy,
depending on which filter you use and what your mail mix looks like.
But they do run out of gas, and if you can't accept false positives,
then the only solution is human sorting.  You just have to figure out
(1) how to do the human sorting as cheaply as possible, and (2) how
much you're willing to pay for human sorting.  That determines the
filter settings you use.

--
David.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Standardization of RFC headers for email
 contentanalysis?
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 21:49:21 -0500

Keith Moore writes:
>that and for the purpose of this discussion it's probably sufficient if we
>classify a few kinds of things that analysis tools look for (e.g. originator
>characteristics, signal path, gross message characteristics, specific
>items in the content) and some of the kinds of filtering that are done based
>on the analysis (e.g. discard, bounce, alter, delay, require confirmation)

General characteristics would be nice.  However I know some companies 
will balk at providing too much detail about what characteristics 
they examine.  However it would be useful to have some list of 
attributes.  Our experience with most spam repositories has been that 
they assume content-filtering, and have so emasculated the headers 
that non-content-filtering solutions can't use them at all.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 22:05:04 -0500

At 9:46 PM -0500 3/4/03, David F. Skoll wrote:
>  >   If my ISP is under serious attack from spammers, then some level of
>>  "good" mail will probably be thrown out with the spam.  The only way I
>>  know of to guarantee that no "good" mail is thrown out, is to not
>>  throw out *any* mail.
>
>Or to have a human sort it out.

It's not clear to me that human sorting would be reliable to the 
extent you are implying.  Especially third party human sorting.  But 
I've come real close to replying to some messages that looked 
perfectly fine to me.  The information that flagged them as spam was 
not the content, but details about the path they took, how many 
people they went to, and other things that a human observer could not 
determine.  But in any case, it's not clear what this means in an ISP 
context.  Companies may find it necessary to hire a human to filter 
borderline messages that an automatic filter is unsure of, but in the 
ISP context, false positives do not have a simple 
solution--especially since an ISP is not likely to be able to afford 
(in terms of processing time and resources) the degree of end-user 
customization that an enterprise might (and I seriously doubt any of 
us want ISPs reading our email).
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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Subject: [Asrg] filters play a role
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I just wanted to add a few comments about what I've seen here regarding
filters.

For one, I don't think any big fan of filters will say that something at
the protocol level doesn't need to be done to reduce and/or eliminate
spam. If he does, well, I won't go into that. I think it's blindingly
obvious that something has to change, and filters are just a small part.

The point regarding the escalating arms race is valid IMO, but not a
good enough reason to ditch the use of filters. I found the point
regarding cost of false positives vs. hitting 'd' very interesting, but
there is more than just a time cost here. I believe (based on experience
dealing with the masses in tech support 8+ years ago) that to see
something as offensive as pornography show up on your screen when you
haven't even clicked anything yet has a very high cost. Higher than an
occasional (if we do our work right) false positive? That's a personal
matter I think.

Anyway, I think filters are here to stay. Any solution we come up with
here is going to take substantial time to tweak and make available. Even
when it is in place, I am sure that some spam will get through somehow,
so we need something to catch what falls through the cracks.

Consider the "everyone uses SMTPAUTH" scenario. Sure, you can see what
account sent the spam, and you can track him down and spank him, but the
damage is done. Filters are a way of dealing with this. Even the large
spam filtering services that use fingerprinting suffer from this
problem; there is always the poor bastard who got the spam before the
spam rule was propagated.

Anyone that doesn't want to use filters can just turn them off, if their
ISP is doing their job right.

Of course filters really have nothing to do with the charter of this
group, so oops, sorry.

Peter




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In <20030305023337.GQ7500@main.templetons.com> Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com> writes:

>                                                      Forcing them
> all to close is something to be done only if we have exhausted all
> ways to solve the problem.

Well, you may need to start thinking about creating a "Save the Open
Relay Society" or something.

One of the DNSBLs that lists open relays is ordb.org and it keeps
stats on the number of open relays.  It was created after orbz(?) was
shut down, and in the first six months, it went from zero to around
200,000 listed open relays.  In the last 12 months, it has stayed
around 200,000 and is actually falling.  This is despite having
hundreds or even thousands of new sites being listed every day.

Does any major MTA have a default of being an open relay any more?
Are there still new ways of tricking MTAs into relaying regularly
being found?


I suspect that the number of open relays has reached a peak and will
now gradually decline as people upgrade their software.  (Yeah, this
will take years, but...)


-wayne

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<http://www.pan-am.ca/draft-ietf-asrg-dsprotocol-00.txt>

I just learned of this list from Computerworld's announcement of the ASRG
conference.  People in other anti-spam mailing lists urged me to finish this
and post it.

It's another approach to the domain spoofing problem which supports IP (v4
and v6) based authorization of hosts sending mail, and leaves that
authorization in the hands of domain administrators.

--
PGP key (0x0AFA039E): <http://www.pan-am.ca/consulting@pan-am.ca.asc>
What's a PGP Key?  See <http://www.pan-am.ca/free.html>
GOD BLESS AMER, er, THE INTERNET. <http://vmyths.com/rant.cfm?id=401&page=4>

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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 20:32:34 -0700 (MST)

> From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>

> ...
> Now in general we can exempt the small volume stuff as one solution,
> since again mathematically it is unlikely to cause the problem we
> wish to fix - flooded mailboxes and servers.

> ...
> Spammers send bulk mail to people who don't know them from Adam. 
> I don't.  If you get a lot of complaints about me you can judge
> me as lying, that's how it's done in the real world.

yes.
and that makes your definition the same as "unsolicited bulk" in practice.

> ...
> That's why I argue the definition must be the intersection definition
> still strong enough to attack the problem.  A definition that nobody
> thinks is blocking legit mail, so everybody can be 100% behind
> punishing those who violate it.

Yes, but the problem with your "meeting" or "strangers" definition is
that while in practice it devolves to "nasty bulk mail I don't want,"
the letter of it's definition it is based on a notion that is fuzzier
than "unsolicited bulk."  Having your badge caught by a camera while
someone wearing it is standing on the edge of a trade show booth's
carpet would count as a "meeting."  (Ever loan or borrow a conference
badge?)  You couldn't gainsay the marketoon's camera's computer unless
there were a lot of complaints, but then you're in the UBE case.
Rules that say one thing but mean something else are bad, even if the
literal words and effective meanings are related.

No, your party invites are still not UBE, because they're not
unsolicited.  I can prove that by asking all of yoru targets if
your mail was unsolicited junk they didn't want.


> > There are no practical problems with those cases.  In practice, you
> > assume that you'll be told not only about version 2 but reminded to
> > purchase more copies of version 1.  Buying version 1 usually involves
> > an explicit and unavoidable solicitation for junk mail.
>
> BOy, I sure have heard a lot of people disagree with that!

I suspect instead that you've heard a lot of disagreement from relatively
few who like to fight or "LART" or count coup on spammers more than
they want to stop spam.  To that end they define spam as "any mail I
can LART".


> > I deal with only a few companies, but I glance at a lot of web pages
> > when winnowing search engine results.
>
> Sure.  But if they all spammed and you could get off right away,
> how bad would it be?  And if they could find your address it would
> only be a tiny few. 

Tiny compared to 20,000,000 N.American corporations but not compared
to what I should have to deal with.  It's not a big deal to look at
a few 100 web pages in a day.  Should I expect to have to unsubscribe
to 5,000 streams of spam, 1 for each of the 50 outfits represented on
each page?   Think about asking a product comparison outfit about
digital cameras.  You can easily "meet" than 100 stores on a single
web page.

>                      And if you were really concerned you could
> use tricks to hide your address.

That's true but irrelevant to whether the stuff is spam.  I should
not need to hide.  If I do need to hide, then it certainly is spam!

>                                   I don't know of a single instance
> of spamming people who just visited a web site.

I've not heard of any recent cases, but there were creditable
reports.  I've forgotten exactly how ancient versions of Netscape
blabbed mail addresses.

That I've not heard of recent cases and think it is impossible does
not mitigate the problem with your definition.  "Meeting" is too
nebuolous.  Should you need to unsubscribe to 100 streams of spam
after walking through a shopping mall, being seen by smart cameras in
100 stores, matched to the TIA database of faces to get your name,
and then your mail address found via Google?  You'll say those are
not "meetings," and I'll say every case where you admit a "meeting"
happens also involves a reasonable case for soliciting bulk mail.
(Note that said "reasonable" and not the contract signed in blood that
spammer fighters claim is required.)


> > I think there are fewer than 1500 serious spammers today.  Since email
> > spam started, I think there have been fewer than 30,000 serious spammers.
>
> Do you mean spammers, or spam companies providing services to spammes?

Either or both.

The current and historic spammer populations are incredibly tiny compared
to the total populations.  I never cease to be amazed by the contrast
between the talk of American individualism and that only 0.01% of spam
targets reports spam while only about 0.0001% send it.

Since Spamford's day, I've been fairly religious about adding spammers
to my blacklist.  Before I stopped being the mail gatekeeper for that
(then) Fortune 500 outfit 5 years ago, my blacklist had only about
3000 entries.  I started over and now have only about 4517 entries.
If you assume I see only 10% of spammers (almost certainly too low),
and if you notice that spammers average several domain names each,
you get order-of-magnitude 10**3 current and 10**4 total spammers.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Tue, 04 Mar 2003 22:48:45 -0500
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Kee Hinckley wrote:
> Keith Moore writes:
> 
>> that and for the purpose of this discussion it's probably sufficient 
>> if we
>> classify a few kinds of things that analysis tools look for (e.g. 
>> originator
>> characteristics, signal path, gross message characteristics, specific
>> items in the content) and some of the kinds of filtering that are done 
>> based
>> on the analysis (e.g. discard, bounce, alter, delay, require 
>> confirmation)

> General characteristics would be nice.  However I know some companies 
> will balk at providing too much detail about what characteristics they 
> examine.  However it would be useful to have some list of attributes.  
> Our experience with most spam repositories has been that they assume 
> content-filtering, and have so emasculated the headers that 
> non-content-filtering solutions can't use them at all.

We're archiving somewhere in the neighborhood of 300K-400K spams per 
day. No munging. I'm sure something can be arranged.

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 20:46:15 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>

> ...
> Ultimately, requirements translate into user requirements, not
> some technical point.  Phrasing them technically as above
> tends to obscure the real requirements.
>
> So, for example, the real requirement is to be able to send
> mail from one authorized address with a return address being
> another authorized address, "authorized" being the operative
> word. ...

That use of "authorized" is more of the same but worse, because it is
involves a misuse of technical jargon.  The problem is that it
"authorized" is meaningless in this case.  This is not a mere technical
quibble.  You cannot "authorize" some but only some strangers.  It is
as impractical (and undesirable in the larger context) for an ISP in
China to check that a user is "authorized" to use a return address in
the U.S. as it is for a hotel in China to check to see if a guest is
"authorized" to use a U.S. return address on a picture postcard.

Or to get closer to home and recent headlines, for a Hotmail user to
use an AT&T return address.


> ...
> While that's often done, the real requirement is that the 
> sending computer have the authorization to send on behalf
> of the purported (i.e. mail_from) domain  -- or perhaps 
> it needs to be at the user level or some other granularity).

Yes, and the trouble is that in practice that cannot be implemented
without the forcing users to use return addresses matching their
sending IP addresses.

> However, let me observe that a significant proportion of the
> spam I receive can be rejected on the reverse DNS basis, while 
> only a tiny proportion of legitimate mail would result in a false
> positive.  So, while it's far from perfect, I don't agree
> with your conclusion that it doesn't reduce spam, based on 
> my own personal empirical evidence.

My own empirical evidence and the evidence of others who object
more to not receiving legitimate mail than to receiving junk is
the opposite.  However, I bet the numbers we are talking about are
the same.   I bet your "tiny proportion" is several percent.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 19:49:49 -0800

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 04:34:26PM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
>   If the "solutions" to spam involve still allowing spammers to
> overwhelm some people, then those solutions will just get you cursed
> by the guy who's *still* getting spammed, when everyone else things
> that the problem has gone away.

We want to do the best job we can, but no better.  Our just systems
are all designed to let 10 murderers go free to avoid punishing one
innocent person, and likewise our solution to spam.  It must let
some spam through, or it is doing too "good" a job.

Still, we wil do what we can.  The plus side is that if you could
cut spam by 3 orders of magnitude (which means I get 2 a week, btw)
you do something else to the economics of spam, namely make it 1000
times less effective, which puts a dent even in the "I can send a
million and if I get 5 responses I still do OK" logic of the spammer.

Now he has to send a billion to get 5 responses, and that's not
practical any more.

> > Sure.  But if they all spammed and you could get off right away,
> > how bad would it be?
> 
>   Bad.  That's what's happening today, and it doesn't help.

Really?  In spite of all the spam I get, I have only gotten one
overzelous mailing from a company I bought from (X10, before they
started the popup ad campaign), and in spite of giving out hundreds
of different email addresses (I use a different one each time) to
tons of companies and web sites I have done business with, I have
only seen _one_ suspected case of somebody handing my email off to
another party.

I have seen similar reports from other people.  So I would like
to hear of your reports that say the opposite.  Have there been any
studies?

Yes, I have gotten mail from companies I dealt with, without a
single exception, they have offered a working means to get me
off the mailing lists.  I've gotten more phone calls, and they are
much more annoying.

This is a non-problem.  Certainly not enough of one that we would
cripple or even consider redesigning e-mail to deal with it.

> 
>   It's 10,000 companies in the world versus little old me.  They can
> exchange information, and all decide to spam me.  They have the
> resources to send massive amounts of spam, and to deal with any
> technical or legal ramifications.

Under the definition I propose, they can't trade mailing addresses,
unless you consent to this.
> 
> 
> 
>   The fact that they want to "help" you by selling you a product is
> irrelevant.


I simply have seen no evidence of a problem here, and I get a lot of
spam and do a lot of buying online.  We should all want to see a real
study showing more than anecdotal evidence, before making any moves
in this direction.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 20:55:18 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>

> ...
>   If my ISP is under serious attack from spammers, then some level of
> "good" mail will probably be thrown out with the spam.

That's wrong, unless mail is a mere frill or recreation for you.

>                                                         The only way I
> know of to guarantee that no "good" mail is thrown out, is to not
> throw out *any* mail.
>
>   This is unacceptable.

It is also an overstatement.  My personal set of filters have a false
positive rate of much less than 0.1% or about the normal failure rate
of email.  They have a false negative rate of less than 1%.  Plenty
of spam is sent my way, because I've been exposing my current address
in public for more than 10 years.


>   We have to decide what level of spam we can live with, and what
> level of false positives we can live with in anti-spam filters.  If
> lowering the false positive rate by 2% increases the amount of spam by
> 10x, then that solution doesn't scale.
> ...

People whose livelihoods depend on mail cannot, will not, and do not
accept false positive rates above 1%.  That you can talk about changing
the false positive rate by 2% brands you as outside that class.
There's certainly nothing wrong with not depending on email for the
butter on your bread (or your bread), but beware of assuming that
everyone else is the same.

Note that people who do depend on email and cannot tolerate 1% false
positives are like business flyers.  They are the most profitable
customers for many ISPs.  That means that many ISPs have similar
views of false positives.  There are other ISPs, but they cater to
"home users."


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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On Tuesday, March 4, 2003, at 10:46 PM, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> Or to get closer to home and recent headlines, for a Hotmail user to
> use an AT&T return address.

I think it's perfectly fair, though, for $DOMAIN_HOLDER to be able to 
say "if it's coming from $HERE, we're willing to vouch that it's 
someone who at least has some moderate claim to be from $DOMAIN.

Think of it more as "designating" IPs as "belonging to this domain", or 
"vouching for them" rather than authorization.

> Yes, and the trouble is that in practice that cannot be implemented
> without the forcing users to use return addresses matching their
> sending IP addresses.

Not at all. It requires them to use IP addresses which their 
domain-holder has vouched for.

Nothing would stop me from using my rr.com host to send megacity.org 
mail, so long as the admin of megacity.org was willing to say "if it's 
coming from $THERE, it's ok".

D

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To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 20:00:08 -0800

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 08:59:16PM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> To a recipient, spam is mail he finds annoying, doesn't want to receive, and
> 
> To an ISP, spam is what violates its AUP.  Alternately, it's what customers
> To a sender, spam is whatever someone else is doing.  No spammer sees himself


The purpose of a definition of spam is to use legal tactics against
it, typically in contract law, but also possibly in statute.

That's because you must be clear on what it is you're going to punish,
so people should be able to know when they have violated the rule,
or been the subject of it, and so a fair and impartial body can
objectively determine it.

To that end, a legal definition of spam must include nothing but spam,
and will not include all things that you think are spam.

That's because, to get people to agree to enforce it, they do not
wish to be in the position of punishing that which they think is
legitimate mail, nor do those who are creating the system want to
be in the position of chilling legitimate communications.

(In the USA and some other nations, laws are constitutionally required
to block nor chill any legitimate communications, and to be precise,
and to be the least restrictive means possible to solve the problem.)

That least restrictive means test is also a good one to borrow.

Should the global system have a narrower definition, as it must,
this does not preclude private systems from working to stop things
not covered by that definition as best they can.

Thus if a system based on national law, new protocols, or pooling of
MX servers only stops bulk mail above volume X form parties matching
description Y, and you want to add onto it a system which blocks
based on content (Viagara) or intent (advertising) or source (blacklists)
then you are in no way stopped from doing so.   Indeed you can
even make the system big as the population that wants it.


However, for a system to be implemented by the IETF or similar body,
a much narrower concensus is required, as this will be the default
for much of the E-mail system of the world.

That's a pretty heavy burden.   E-mail is all based on private
property, and thus not subject in many cases to 1st amendment and
related protections from private action, but we as architects of
such systems must think of that as a bug, not a feature.  We should
not be glad that we don't have to worry about that pesky first
amendment.


Do people disagree with these principles?  If so, let us know.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 15:10:44 +1100

At 10:56 PM 03/04/2003 -0500, Derek J. Balling wrote:
>Nothing would stop me from using my rr.com host to send megacity.org mail, 
>so long as the admin of megacity.org was willing to say "if it's coming 
>from $THERE, it's ok".

This breaks automated forwarding.

--
Troy Rollo			Chairmain, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name		Executive Director, iCAUCE

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On Tuesday, March 4, 2003, at 11:10 PM, Troy Rollo wrote:

> At 10:56 PM 03/04/2003 -0500, Derek J. Balling wrote:
>> Nothing would stop me from using my rr.com host to send megacity.org 
>> mail, so long as the admin of megacity.org was willing to say "if 
>> it's coming from $THERE, it's ok".
>
> This breaks automated forwarding.

Couple solutions to that, most of which are documented pretty well in 
Gordon's proposal ( 
http://www.pan-am.ca/draft-ietf-asrg-dsprotocol-00.txt ).

And it only breaks it if the recipient rejects it. It could just as 
easily use that as part of a scoring system like SpamAssassin, etc.

D

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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP draft
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 20:24:39 -0800

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 08:32:34PM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> Yes, but the problem with your "meeting" or "strangers" definition is
> that while in practice it devolves to "nasty bulk mail I don't want,"


Really?  I find it to be much narrower compared to other views of
unsolicited bulk.  For example, I have taken the stance that we have
no business interfering with communication between parties that know
one another and are open to communication, and as is required in a
free society, the default is that they are open to communication.
(It amazes me how many people seem to think that's not true in a free
society, or forget that it is, and I'll keep debating 'em.)

Most of the people who I have seen define UBE have said they feel
a company should not be able to mail you after you buy something
from them.   While I have been annoyed by such mail as much as anybody,
it is small volume, and always resolves itself, and the market has
capacity to deal with it on its own.

Or do people here believe it would be appropriate for the IETF to
attempt to solve hypothetical spam problems that aren't a concern as
yet, and are currently resolving themselves, but we worry could go
bad in the future?

Some people approach spam thinking the problem is they got an annoying
mail in their e-mail box.   I do not believe it is appropriate to
modify protocols or make laws to protect people from minor annoyance.
I view the occasional annoyances as part of the price of free and
open protocols and societies.

I see the main aspects of the spam problem as fourfold:
    a) Our mailboxes get so full of spam it seriously hurts their
       utility.
    b) Our mail servers undergo significantly extra load
    c) People become afraid to disclose their E-mail addresses in
       public, in newsgroup postings etc.
    d) Sites face a large burden about dealing with both true and false
       complaints about spam originating from their network.


Do people have more aspects to add -- aspects that are at this scale
of seriousness?   There are other minor things, but frankly I think if
we could solve the above 4 we would go home very happy people.


> than "unsolicited bulk."  Having your badge caught by a camera while
> someone wearing it is standing on the edge of a trade show booth's
> carpet would count as a "meeting."  (Ever loan or borrow a conference

Yes, but do you seriously think this is a likely scenerio?  I'm
really only concerned with things that are demonstrably taking place
and ready to cause a major problem.   We're not here to fix my emailbox
or your emailbox, but to fix a problem that is attacking the net
itself.

We're talking about doing that by modifying, and in many cases
restricting formerly open protocols.   Sometimes that means simply
securing the protocols which is good, but other times it means
deliberately removing features that people have found valuable.

That's a big step for the IETF.

> No, your party invites are still not UBE, because they're not
> unsolicited.  I can prove that by asking all of yoru targets if
> your mail was unsolicited junk they didn't want.

Actually, because so many people do "just say 'd'" to spam, it's
actually quite possible that the messages are of no interest to some
of the recipients, but since it's just a few a year it would be more
bother than it's worth to get off them.  

The key is, I should never, ever be afraid I am violating the rules
to mail people I have personally met.  Even unsolicited.  Again,
there simply is not a big problem in mailboxes flooded by mail from
people you know.  It doesn't exist.  We should not attempt to fix
it!

> I suspect instead that you've heard a lot of disagreement from relatively
> few who like to fight or "LART" or count coup on spammers more than
> they want to stop spam.  To that end they define spam as "any mail I
> can LART".

I will agree there are some highly polarized elements in the anti-spam
community.   Which is why, again, I think the best approach is to
find a definition that everybody can agree is 100% spam, so nobody
has misgivings about applying it to block mail.

> 
> to what I should have to deal with.  It's not a big deal to look at
> a few 100 web pages in a day.  Should I expect to have to unsubscribe
> to 5,000 streams of spam, 1 for each of the 50 outfits represented on
> each page?   Think about asking a product comparison outfit about
> digital cameras.  You can easily "meet" than 100 stores on a single
> web page.

You have not met every vendor on such a page, only the owner of the
page.   Again, look at what is really happening and likely to happen.

1) First of all, if you use DHCP, it's pretty hard to turn a web visit
into an E-mail address.  People _could_ build static IP to E-mail
maps but as far as I know they have not.

2) Of the 100 sites you visit in a day -- do you really visit 100 new
sites every day? -- how many are corporate sites of the sort that
might wish to send you bulk E-mail?

3) For those, even if not punishable by my spam definition, it is still
very bad PR.   I would be surprised if it's even one of them.

> That's true but irrelevant to whether the stuff is spam.  I should
> not need to hide.  If I do need to hide, then it certainly is spam!

Really?  As I noted, I give an e-mail address at many web sites.
I use a different addresse every time to track what people do with
it.  My goal is to track, and also to hide should I find one that
won't unsubscribe me quickly.   It's never been an issue except for
once with X10, long ago, and even then I got off after a few iterations, I
did not need to put a block on that E-mail alias.

To the best of my experience, it's a non-problem.

Anyway, quite often I don't want these post-buy mailings about
new versions and upgrades etc.   They just aren't a big problem.

The only way I see them becoming a problem, oddly, is if we defeated
scumbag-spam so solidly that such mailings lost their stigma.


> nebuolous.  Should you need to unsubscribe to 100 streams of spam
> after walking through a shopping mall, being seen by smart cameras in
> 100 stores, matched to the TIA database of faces to get your name,
> and then your mail address found via Google?  You'll say those are

If this becomes a problem, we will try to address it.   Again, I
ask if we should try to fix hypothetical problems here?
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 21:31:12 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Derek J. Balling" <dredd@megacity.org>

> > Or to get closer to home and recent headlines, for a Hotmail user to
> > use an AT&T return address.
>
> I think it's perfectly fair, though, for $DOMAIN_HOLDER to be able to 
> say "if it's coming from $HERE, we're willing to vouch that it's 
> someone who at least has some moderate claim to be from $DOMAIN.
>
> Think of it more as "designating" IPs as "belonging to this domain", or 
> "vouching for them" rather than authorization.

If the "IP address here" refers to Hotmail's IP addresses in that
example, then there's no sense in worrying whether Hotmail has authorized
the Hotmail user to send the message.  If the "here" is some IP address
associated with the AT&T domain name that used by the Hotmail user as
a return address, then it is between nonsensical and impractical.

It will never be practical for Hotmail to ask AT&T "is my user who
I think is John Doe living at [refused] in [refused] USA authorized
to use jdoe@atworldnet.att.net?"

Even if John buys the premium Hotmail service and gives Microsoft
his credit card number as well as his address, date of birth,
mother's madian name, and his favorite pet's name, he would not want
Microsoft to send enough of that to AT&T to identify him to AT&T so
that AT&T could say "yes, he is authorzed use jdoe@atworldnet.att.net."

Yes, there are cryptographic protocols that in theory could resolve
that, but in practice they are unworkable for various reasons.
An important reason is that they require either an absolutely
intolerable central identity authority for all all of us, or they require
more shuffling of individual public keys than people can or will tolerate.

A more important reason is that it solves a minor problem.  Most
spammers use return addresses that they are authorized to use.  Only
a little spam uses envelope or header From addresses that can honestly
be called "forged."


> > Yes, and the trouble is that in practice that cannot be implemented
> > without the forcing users to use return addresses matching their
> > sending IP addresses.
>
> Not at all. It requires them to use IP addresses which their 
> domain-holder has vouched for.
>
> Nothing would stop me from using my rr.com host to send megacity.org 
> mail, so long as the admin of megacity.org was willing to say "if it's 
> coming from $THERE, it's ok".

That handwaving and designing wishful thinking that cannot be made
concrete except in uninteresting special cases, no matter how often
it is repeated in news.admin.net-abuse.email.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 15:34:37 +1100

At 11:15 PM 03/04/2003 -0500, Derek J. Balling wrote:

>On Tuesday, March 4, 2003, at 11:10 PM, Troy Rollo wrote:
>>This breaks automated forwarding.
>
>Couple solutions to that, most of which are documented pretty well in 
>Gordon's proposal ( http://www.pan-am.ca/draft-ietf-asrg-dsprotocol-00.txt ).

Actually it says "Another document will identify similar problems and 
solutions, including mail forwarding services and the Null Sender envelope 
(MAIL FROM:<>)."

The problem is that this approach assumes that the only significant reason 
mail with a given domain can come from a location not in a pre-authorised 
set is that it's spam. I would submit that there are many more common 
reasons for mail coming from an unexpected source - forwarding just being 
an immediately obvious one.

Even for forwarding, authorising the re-sending host at the receiving end 
requires at its best that the user provide this information (perhaps by 
means of some web based form) to the receiving ISP, and assumes that:

         (1) The user can get it right.
         (2) The user has access to all of the relevant information.
         (3) That the user knows within a reasonably short period (
             or preferably in advance) when the information changes.

None of these is a particularly good assumption.
--
Troy Rollo			Chairmain, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name		Executive Director, iCAUCE

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To: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, paul.judge@ciphertrust.com, vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com,
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
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On Tue, 4 Mar 2003 20:00:08 -0800
Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com> wrote:

> On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 08:59:16PM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> > To a recipient, spam is mail he finds annoying, doesn't want to receive,
> > and
> > 
> > To an ISP, spam is what violates its AUP.  Alternately, it's what
> > customers To a sender, spam is whatever someone else is doing.  No spammer
> > sees himself
> 
> 
> The purpose of a definition of spam is to use legal tactics against
> it, typically in contract law, but also possibly in statute.

I don't think it's necessary, or particularly useful, for us to try to nail
down "the" definition of spam in objective terms.

I agree (for the reasons you cited, and probably others) that the definition
of spam used in anti-spam laws needs to be different than a recipient's
definition of spam.  The kind of spam that a recipient wants to block, or that
an ISP might want to forbid, might not match the definition of spam in
anti-spam laws.  And it might be useful for a recipient to be able to block
things that don't match the legal definition, and for ISPs to be able to
filter such traffic based on a recipient's instrctions.  If nothing else, such
laws and their definitions of spam will vary from one jurisdiction to
another.

> However, for a system to be implemented by the IETF or similar body,
> a much narrower concensus is required, as this will be the default
> for much of the E-mail system of the world.

I doubt that it's appropriate for IETF to try to standardize means of blocking
or filtering only what IETF thinks is spam, and I didn't read this IRTF
group's charter as suggesting that kind of approach.  

Keith
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Date: Tue, 04 Mar 2003 19:01:40 -0500

Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com> wrote:
> We want to do the best job we can, but no better.  Our just systems
> are all designed to let 10 murderers go free to avoid punishing one
> innocent person, and likewise our solution to spam.  It must let
> some spam through, or it is doing too "good" a job.

  I understand that it's difficult to prevent spam even from networks
you trust.  There's always one person on such a network willing to to
one dumb thing.

  My concern was that dropping the amount of spam by 3 orders of
magnitude isn't enough.  There are ISP's getting 100's of millions of
spams a day.  Even at 1/1000 the rate, 100,000 spams a day is
problematic to deal with.

> Still, we wil do what we can.  The plus side is that if you could
> cut spam by 3 orders of magnitude (which means I get 2 a week, btw)
> you do something else to the economics of spam, namely make it 1000
> times less effective,

  How do you know?

  Getting rid of spam to useless junk addresses, for example,
(fake-email@everydomain.com) will mean only one thing: The success
rate of spam will go UP.

  We're not dealing just with spam delivered to end users.  We're also
dealing with about the same amount of traffic again, which is
undeliverable mail.  That has a cost, too.

> Now he has to send a billion to get 5 responses, and that's not
> practical any more.

  And the load on the network goes up by a huge factor, which makes
the problem worse.

> Really?  In spite of all the spam I get, I have only gotten one
> overzelous mailing from a company I bought from

  I agree that's not the problem.  The problem is the 10,000 other
companies who are clueless, and who are trying to get your business.
You have no relationship with them, and don't want one.  But they have
the time and money to drive you crazy with spam attempts.

  In my mind, this is no different than criminal harassment.  It's
stalking.

> Under the definition I propose, they can't trade mailing addresses,
> unless you consent to this.

  Why would they care?

  It's like stores not being allowed to sell alcohol to minors.  If
they discover that the fines are less than the profits, they'll go
ahead and do it.  Legislating intelligent or friendly behaviour on the
part of the spammers will only help if they can be tracked down, and
if the drawbacks of spamming are more than the benefits.

> >   The fact that they want to "help" you by selling you a product is
> > irrelevant.
> 
> I simply have seen no evidence of a problem here, and I get a lot of
> spam and do a lot of buying online.  We should all want to see a real
> study showing more than anecdotal evidence, before making any moves
> in this direction.

  I think we're talking at cross purposes.  The spam *I* get is from
people wanting to sell me something.  I don't know how they got my
address, and I don't care.  I just want it to stop.

  Email from companies I already deal with is a tiny part of the spam
problem.  Even if every company I did business sent me one spam a day,
the result would be less than 100 extra messages.  Plus, I know where
they are, and can physically track them down and yell at them.

  It's the *other* 10,000 companies that I don't want to do business
who are the cause of the problem.  They're hidden behind layers of
paperwork, and are nearly impossible for the average person to trace
(technically, or legally).  I'm not convinced that legislation will
help.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Gordon Fecyk - Home" <gordonf@pan-am.ca>
To: "'Asrg'" <Asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: RMX and DS Records
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> >On Tuesday, March 4, 2003, at 11:10 PM, Troy Rollo wrote:
> >>This breaks automated forwarding.
> >
> >Couple solutions to that, most of which are documented
> pretty well in
> >Gordon's proposal (
> > http://www.pan-am.ca/draft-ietf-asrg-dsprotocol-00.txt ).

> Actually it says "Another document will identify similar problems and
> solutions, including mail forwarding services and the Null Sender envelope
> (MAIL FROM:<>)."

It was strongly suggested to deal with that in another document to avoid
clouding the problem that draft tries to tackle.  The above doc deals with
secondary MXes only because they're the most popular thing that DS is going
to break.

> The problem is that this approach assumes that the only significant reason
> mail with a given domain can come from a location not in a pre-authorised
> set is that it's spam.

Actually, it assumes the only reason mail with a given domain is not from an
authorized location, is that it's simply not authorized.  Wether it's spam
or not isn't immediately relevant, aside from the indirect fact that a good
chunk of spam has fake envelopes.  This protocol could also break e-mail
worms since the majority of those fake the sender envelope.

Mail forwarding is going to break no matter what proposal is adopted to
prevent domain spoofing.  I wanted to write another document to address that
very problem, but here's a preview.

Mail forwarders could modify or augment the sender envelope such as
(simplistic example):
	sender(at)example.com@forwardingservice.foo.bar

Or, it could replace (or encapsulate) the sender envelope entirely:
	(hash-of-sender-envelope)@forwardingservice.foo.bar

I can hear you all cringing at that.

Null Sender (MAIL FROM:<>) envelopes could be checked further, to ensure
that they come from an actual MTA running on a host, and not from a person,
by checking all kinds of stuff: forward DNS, rDNS, a RMX or DS record, and
whatnot.

I think spoofing's become so much of a problem that mail forwarders will
have to redesign mail forwarding.  I think that's why I've been told not to
tackle the problem in the DS document - because forwarders could come up
with their own ways to deal with it.

--
PGP key (0x0AFA039E): <http://www.pan-am.ca/consulting@pan-am.ca.asc>
What's a PGP Key?  See <http://www.pan-am.ca/free.html>
GOD BLESS AMER, er, THE INTERNET. <http://vmyths.com/rant.cfm?id=401&page=4>

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To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
Cc: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>, paul.judge@ciphertrust.com,
        vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 21:18:40 -0800

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 11:49:28PM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> I doubt that it's appropriate for IETF to try to standardize means of blocking
> or filtering only what IETF thinks is spam, and I didn't read this IRTF
> group's charter as suggesting that kind of approach.  
> 
> Keith

Well, if the group is going to consider the question of consent,
then it has to ask "consent to what" and define what mail needs to
even be concerned about the consent of the recipient.

For example, I don't need your consent to send you a person to person
mail, certainly not in advance.  If you want to block the mail of
particular parties sending you person to person mail, that's
best done entirely within your own mail tools since, unless they
are mailing you megabyte images, there are no global concerns.

Nor would we want to have all users of existing mailers need to get
new ones which understand consent protocols etc. unless they are
using them for bulk mail which is unsolicited/from strangers/whatever.

Or is it the hope of this group to research new protocols that would
require all people sending mail to have new tools?
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP drafty
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 21:28:42 -0800

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 07:01:40PM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
> Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com> wrote:
>   My concern was that dropping the amount of spam by 3 orders of
> magnitude isn't enough.  There are ISP's getting 100's of millions of
> spams a day.  Even at 1/1000 the rate, 100,000 spams a day is
> problematic to deal with.

Surely no more than a couple of ISPs get that sort of volume?

However, the key test is this -- what's the volume compared to that
of normal mail.  If, for example, it's 1% of normal mail, there
really isn't a server load question of significance.  If currently
spam is 80% of all mail, a factor of 1000 would make it .4% of all
mail.  Is spam now over 80% of all mail?


I just pulled 3 orders of magnitude out of a hat.  I'm not sure
we can get it, but I would like to try.  I don't think we can hope
for more, nor should we.
> 
>   We're not dealing just with spam delivered to end users.  We're also
> dealing with about the same amount of traffic again, which is
> undeliverable mail.  That has a cost, too.

In theory, though not yet proven, I think if you dropped the
effectiveness of spam by 3 orders of magnitude, the spammers would
actually cut back their activites.  Just not worth it.  However,
I am not including that drop in the 3 orders.  Though we might do
ok if we can block 99% of spam and that causes 90% of spammers to
give up to get the same result.  In that case the effectiveness logic
is somewhat different.

There definitely comes a point where if we are successful, the
spammers have no reason to keep going.  It does cost them something
after all -- both money, and risk, and reputation if they have any
to start with.

>   I agree that's not the problem.  The problem is the 10,000 other
> companies who are clueless, and who are trying to get your business.
> You have no relationship with them, and don't want one.  But they have
> the time and money to drive you crazy with spam attempts.

Well, so you are saying whatever rule we set, people can break it.
And that's true.  Thus we want a way, I believe to shut them out,
and/or punish them when they break it.  No matter what rule we
define.
> 
> > Under the definition I propose, they can't trade mailing addresses,
> > unless you consent to this.
> 
>   Why would they care?

They would not care.  The system has to care though, it has to
decide what to punish, what has to be sent a different way.
> 
>   I think we're talking at cross purposes.  The spam *I* get is from
> people wanting to sell me something.  I don't know how they got my
> address, and I don't care.  I just want it to stop.

We all want that to stop.  Some of us however, resist any reduction
in the open designs of E-mail that is more than absolutely necessary
to fix the problem.

You could make it stop any number of ways that you would agree are
far too drastic.  The goal is to stop it without blocking legitimate
mail, the kind we built the e-mail system for.

>   It's the *other* 10,000 companies that I don't want to do business
> who are the cause of the problem.  They're hidden behind layers of
> paperwork, and are nearly impossible for the average person to trace
> (technically, or legally).  I'm not convinced that legislation will
> help.

That I fully agree with.  So what are you arguing against that I
said?
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Date: 5 Mar 2003 06:14:01 +0000

On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 09:18:40PM -0800, Brad Templeton allegedly wrote:

> Or is it the hope of this group to research new protocols that would
> require all people sending mail to have new tools?

I don't know about "hope" but is it a tolerable cost if it helps
reduce spam? Maybe. How about a less expensive scenario where all MTAs
have to be upgraded rather than all clients? Is that an acceptable
cost?

If the reports that spam costs USD 8Billion per year are even close to
the truth, it strikes me that imposing an MTA upgrade to avoid much of
that recurring cost is a pretty small price to pay.


Regards.
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
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Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 23:17:00 -0800

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 06:14:01AM +0000, Mark Delany wrote:
> On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 09:18:40PM -0800, Brad Templeton allegedly wrote:
> 
> > Or is it the hope of this group to research new protocols that would
> > require all people sending mail to have new tools?
> 
> I don't know about "hope" but is it a tolerable cost if it helps
> reduce spam? Maybe. How about a less expensive scenario where all MTAs
> have to be upgraded rather than all clients? Is that an acceptable
> cost?
> 
> If the reports that spam costs USD 8Billion per year are even close to
> the truth, it strikes me that imposing an MTA upgrade to avoid much of
> that recurring cost is a pretty small price to pay.

Well, I would not credit a number like that, but in any event even
if it were larger, there is a question of what is practical.  You
certainly aren't going to get all people to upgrade MUAs.  And I
seriously doubt you will get them to upgrade MTAs.  I mean face it,
people run around with old MTAs and MUAs that expose them to
computer security intrusions and viruses, allowing strange programs
to get into their systems, see all their private files, wipe their
disks and embarasse them in front of friends.   They aren't likley
to upgrade because of an order from high that their old protocol is
obsolete.   People who get lots of spam would want to get new tools
to avoide it, but we're talking about new work for the _sender_ of
E-mail.  Many of which, believe it or not, do not get spam because
they have never exposed their email address, and don't have an
address guessable by dictionary tactics.


However, a far more attainable goal is to require those who host
mailing lists (ie. legitimtae bulk mailers) to get a new MTA.  This
could happen more gradually.   Sites start installing a new MTA,
and whitelisting their existing mailing lists but not all of them.
So most operators of mailing lists start seeing bounces, and want
a new conformant MTA.

While there are many mailing lists, the number of hosts is
manageable.  A large portion are at Topica and eGroups/Yahoo and a
few other hosting sites.  Legit opt-in bulk mailers would upgrade
too to avoid hassles.

A new ESMTP protocol would take many years to get deployed if
you wanted everybody who sends mail to upgrade, and even then
you would see many non-adopters until you started forcing the issue,
which would be quite contentious.
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From: "Shannon Jacobs" <shanen@yamato.ibm.com>
To: <Asrg@ietf.org>
References: <005501c2e2ac$2b43c870$0100a8c0@ymtshanen> <20030305022115.GN7500@main.templetons.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Trying to use my limited time efficiently, I'm going to consolidate my
comments on this topic. There were a number of thoughtful responses from
several people, but I'm not sure how to deal with them most efficiently...
I'd actually prefer to minimize the personal responses to focus on the
underlying issues...

One important aspect is that a good implementation of pre-paid email will be
a purely opt-in system. If lots of people choose to use it, so much the
better, because essentially they'll wind up bartering their email charges
amongst themselves. However, the fundamental difference is that the real
costs of email can and should be removed from the infrastructure and made
visible.

I think a few scenarios might clarify how a different economic model could
be used. There are various possibilities, but I'm still focusing on the
pre-paid email model because I think the implications can be most easily
understood.

Scenario one: Someone has had a forwardable public email address detected by
the spammer. Doesn't matter if it was hijacked by the Gibe virus or
harvested from a newsgroup or stolen from a mailing list. Once it has gotten
onto the spammers CDs, it will forever after be a target for their newest
spamming strategies. However, by forwarding the email address into a postage
pre-paid email system, all spam is gone. Poof. Any future email from that
address will be from someone who was willing to pay the postage. Simple. I
like simple. Many people like simple.

Scenario two: You write unpaid email to someone whose email address has been
harvested. You receive a bounce message. It apologizes for the spam-induced
nuisance, and asks you to try a different email address or buy postage, and
it gives you the URL to buy the postage. If all of your backup email
addresses also bounce, you'll just have to pay for the delivery and hope the
recipient will provide a new unspammed email address.

Scenario three: You are a spammer. Your unpaid email to ALL users of such
systems goes nowhere. As long as the postage encryption system remains
secure, there is no escape. Pay up or give up. Period. Even a spammer can
understand that. And they will hate it.

Now I'll address a few of the comments:

Keith Moore wrote:
> On Wed, 5 Mar 2003 09:14:20 +0900
> "Shannon Jacobs" <shanen@yamato.ibm.com> wrote:
>
>> I'm surprised to see so little focus so far on the underlying cause
>> of the problem. The economic model of email is fundamentally broken
>
> Nope, that's not the cause of the problem.  That's trying to impose a
> model that works in a world of tangible property, onto the world of
> interpersonal communication.  Imposition of this model hasn't worked
> well in the case of intellectual property laws, and it won't
> necessarily work well for communications either.  You can argue that
> recipients' time is a scarce resource that should be subjected to
> market forces, but this relies on several false assumptions - in
> particular, that there is an ordering relation for the value of
> communication, and that the value of such communications is fungible
> with money.

This is confusing value received with cost of service, though I certainly
agree that there are real problems with IP laws. Actually, both parties
SHOULD benefit from email communications, and the benefit should be
approximately equal. In a kinder and gentler Internet world, that theory
should justify hiding the costs. However, this is NOT the case with spam,
where the spammers want to receive ALL the benefit and deliberately try to
accept NONE of the costs.

The last part is just plain wrong. Different messages do have different
values, including different economic values. Legitimate businesses also want
to advertise, and they want to spend their advertising money effectively.
The value of spam is absolutely negative. It simply wastes my precious
time--OUR precious time multiplied by the millions and millions.

Brad Templeton wrote:
> I was one of the first people to propose e-stamps for internet
> mail.  I have since renounced the idea.
>
> Fully detailed reasons are at:
>
>     http://www.templetons.com/brad/spume/estamps.html
>
> But in short:
>     a) You can't get there from here, since you can't reject mail
>        that is unstamped until lots of people use stamps and nobody
>        will want to use stamps unless people are demanding them.

Incorrect. Certain people could choose to reject unstamped email with
absolutely no effect on the rest of the email system. And there are
certainly people that you would pay to contact--you do that every time you
pick up the phone and make a long distance call.

>     b) CPU coins are better than money but still face problem (a)

I agree CPU coins are bad, but mostly because they irrationally and
unjustifiably penalize people with slow computers.

>     c) Putting an artificial cost on something that was designed to
>        be cheap is a lousy answer.

There IS a cost to email, and that has nothing to do with designing it as
efficiently as possible. Nothing "artificial" about it. It uses resources,
and someone has to pay for those resources. Adding artificial costs is a
marketing question, but if the market is free (in a third sense of the word)
and open, then people will freely (a fourth sense) choose the email provider
who offers the best email services at the lowest cost.

Actually, I think a properly designed email system would cost me nothing for
the email I wanted to receive, even though that is the email I derive most
real benefit from, and should PAY me for receiving any other email. I prefer
that payment in cash on the barrelhead, and this is actually possible with a
pre-paid email system. I'm not the only person who likes being paid for my
time.

>     d) It has free speech implications. (in both senses of the word.)

Are you confusing free speech with free beer? The free beer is easy to deal
with. You have no right to free beer (or email), and anyone who is giving
you "free" beer has a reason to do so. The only significant question is
whether you know the reason. Right now most ISPs provide "free like beer"
email to attract customers, so at least their reasons are clear, but there
are many other flavors of free email that are not so tasty. For example,
Hotmail's flavor is downright pernicious.

Free speech is a much more interesting topic, but I can't say too much about
it within the scope of email. The important aspect here is that the spammers
are abusing their freedom by FORCING millions of people to listen to their
unending and repetitive "send money now" messages.

>     e) Mailing lists are a problem.

Not directly related to spam, but solvable. Actually they pose a greater
problem for EVERY system that tries to filter email selectively. On the
other hand, I prefer NNTP servers for public discussions.

>     f) Major virus problem if you use real money

Eh? I'll have to read your Web site for the details, because it makes no
sense on the face of it. If you believe that encryption works reliably, then
the vender of the postage can encrypt the e-postage and no spammer can
counterfeit it. Solved problem. (Well, not perfectly solved, because when
the stamp is used you have to cancel it, but that's a timing-related
question. An email system that actually pays for itself can also afford to
do extra spooling if it needs more processing time. In fact, there would
probably be a net savings since the suddenly obvious spam would now need
absolutely no spooling.)

> On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 09:14:20AM +0900, Shannon Jacobs wrote:
>> I'm surprised to see so little focus so far on the underlying cause
>> of the problem. The economic model of email is fundamentally broken,
>> and that CREATES the spam problem. "We have met the enemy, and they
>> is us."
>
> That e-mail is very efficient is a feature, not a bug.   I would be
> loathe to give it up.   The "internet cost contract" -- namely I pay
> for my end of the wire and you pay for your -- is what made the
> internet great, let's not tear it down if we can avoid it.
>
> Now I agree that the super-cheapness of bulk mail (some say that
> the problem is that spam transfers cost from sender to recipient, but
> the truth is it's super cheap for both of them, and spammers would
> still spam if they had to pay the real cost of the whole
> transmission.)
> is at the root cause of spam.   But it's a feature.  We want it for
> our regular mailing lists.

I'm certainly not arguing against efficiency, but the current system is
obviously NOT working efficiently except for the spammers. Given open and
fair competition among email service providers, the most efficient ones will
be the same ones that earn the highest profits and attract the most
customers.

Mark Delany wrote:
<My comment snipped>
> Well... A lot less spam maybe. Many companies willing pay a US
> postage stamp to send, eg, credit card offers. I get a couple a week.
> If these same companies can select their target email addresses, I
> can't see why they wouldn't
> be tempted to pay the postage-paid email fee (aka marketing cost) to
> spam me.
>
> Sure, postage-paid email will destroy the business model of many
> spammers, but not all spammers. Whether the reduced level is
> tolerable is a different question.

So what's wrong with that? These are LEGITIMATE businesses selling real
products to real customers. A well-designed pre-paid email system should
actually allow you to say what kind of email you will receive, and how much
money want them to pay for your time. It should be up to the businesses to
decide if your time is worth it to them--but that should be done without
actually revealing anything about you directly to them. Certainly not your
email address, unless YOU decide you want to talk more with them.

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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
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On Tue, 4 Mar 2003 19:49:49 -0800, Brad Templeton wrote:

>I simply have seen no evidence of a problem here, and I get a lot of
>spam and do a lot of buying online.  We should all want to see a real
>study showing more than anecdotal evidence, before making any moves
>in this direction.

Has more to do with content than volume.  I run a firm and I have
a legal obligation to prevent certain kinds of (e.g. obscene) mail
from being seen by female employees.   I also have a daughter and
the same issue arises in the home environment.   It needs to be
absolutely stopped.

Jeffrey Race

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On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 11:17:00PM -0800, Brad Templeton allegedly wrote:

> > If the reports that spam costs USD 8Billion per year are even close to
> > the truth, it strikes me that imposing an MTA upgrade to avoid much of
> > that recurring cost is a pretty small price to pay.
> 
> Well, I would not credit a number like that, but in any event even
> if it were larger, there is a question of what is practical.  You
> certainly aren't going to get all people to upgrade MUAs.  And I
> seriously doubt you will get them to upgrade MTAs.

> However, a far more attainable goal is to require those who host
> mailing lists (ie. legitimtae bulk mailers) to get a new MTA.

Okay. You'll need to use small words and short sentences for me. We
don't change MUAs, we don't change the inbound MTAs, we don't change
the ratware used by spammers, yet somehow by changing just the MTAs
used by legit bulk mailers we reduce spam? I've obviously missed
something.

Besides, on the MTA front I think you're way pessimistic. The desire
to reduce spam is real, rampant, intense and user driven.  A lazy
sysadmin may not bother with security updates because his
manager/users don't understand the cost/benefit. Do the users/manager
understand the cost/benefit of a new and effective anti-spam system
they read about in the local paper? Heck yeah. Do they bug their IT
folk for the upgrade? Damn straight!

And this isn't just speculation on my part. I see user surveys from a
major Mail Service Provider and the number of people who bother to
response to surveys that ask about stopping spam is two orders of
magnitude higher than any other survey on any other matter. True!

In short I think we're lucky in that the average Joe, most of the
press and all of the email admins of the world are in total agreement
that spam is a very real problem. If people need to make a change to
thwart spam, my guess is that the response rate will be rapid and
high.

Another besides is that we're not necessarily talking about a lot of
MTAs. If, eg, the major MSPs, such as Yahoo, Hotmail and AOL adopted
this new anti-spam system and the benefits become readily apparent to
the service providers and their users, then you're already pretty
close to a critical mass. The cost of spam is a very strong motivator
for these MSPs.


Regards.
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Date: 5 Mar 2003 08:17:48 +0000

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 04:45:43PM +0900, Shannon Jacobs allegedly wrote:
> > Sure, postage-paid email will destroy the business model of many
> > spammers, but not all spammers. Whether the reduced level is
> > tolerable is a different question.
> 
> So what's wrong with that?

Erum. Who said anything was wrong with it? I was just making the
observation that cost-barriers might be good hurdles, but they are not
absolute hurdles as the OP suggested with "no ifs, no buts".


Regards.
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 00:39:25 -0800


In keeping with Paul Judge's request that we focus the conversation
according to the charter, let's consider the "source
tracking component" mentioned in that charter.

By itself, such a component is NOT a solution to spam, but it ENABLES
many different solutions to spam, from "consent-based e-mail," various
white/blacklist schemes, and more.  (For the record, I like
Templeton's whitelist-or-slowmail scheme quite a bit.  But again, such
a scheme depends on a source tracking component.)

In fact, many messages to this list have focused on source
tracking.  However, these messages have dived into particular
mechanisms -- there hasn't been any discussion of requirements for
such mechanisms.  The goal of this message is to kick off such a
requirements discussion.  In particular, I'd like to raise the
question: What exactly should be tracked?

First some assumptions and definitions:

* Internet e-mail.  I'm assuming the context of today's Internet
  e-mail, which means SMTP as the MTA protocol and e-mail addresses
  that are associated with "domains" in the DNS sense of the term.

* Envelope sender [address]: the e-mail address supplied via the SMTP
  "MAIL FROM:" to identify the sender.

* Message sender [address]: the e-mail address supplied in the From:
  header of the message.  Of course, there might not be one of these
  if either there is no such header or if it's malformed.

* Sender's ISP: this is a term used in the ASRG charter, but I'd like
  to eliminate it from our vocabulary.  I think the following terms
  provide more precise meanings for what was intended here.

* Envelope domain: the domain part of the envelope sender.
* Message domain: the domain part of the message sender.

* MTA chain: all MTA's handling the message.

A source-tracking component, then, could track some or more of the
following principals:

  * the envelope and/or message sender,
  * the envelope and/or message domain, and/or
  * the entire MTA chain and/or components thereof.

(Are there others worth considering?)

As a critique of the source-tracing proposals I've seen so far (three,
I think), all were unclear as to what they were ultimately tracing.
Any proposal for source tracking should be clearly on this point.

But again, before debating the merits of specific proposals, it seems
like we could have a more productive discussion debating the merits of
tracking one or more of the above principals.

Here are a few opinions:

* Message vs. envelope sender.

I think the focus should be on message sender and/or domain, not the
envelope sender/domain.  At first glance, the envelope sender/domain
appears to have practical advantages over the message sender/domain,
but at closer inspection I think these disappear (anyone disagree?).
On the flip side, the message domain/sender is what the USER sees (and
is what most filtering software uses), so it seems like this is what
should be subjected to tracing.  (This seems contrary to the schemes
I've seen posted so far, which seem to focus on the envelope sender
and/or domain.)

* Tracing senders.

Tracing senders amounts to authenticated e-mail.  PGP and S/MIME do
this (kind of), I don't see why a new mechanism needs to be invented.
But any scheme for authenticated e-mail faces a fundamental scalability
problem makes adoption slow (as we've witnessed over the last ten
years).  In fact, it may not ever become wide spread.  Thus, I don't
think we should assume wide spread adoption of sender authentication
as the answer to the "source tracing" problem.

* Tracing message domain versus MTA chain.

The interesting question in my mind is this: should the requirement be
for domain tracing, or MTA-chain tracing.

Let me argue for the domain:

* Again, the domain is what the USER sees (user, in this case, is the
  recipient of a message), what the user can easily put into a filter
  and/or lodge a complaint about.

* The domain is what's more easily associated (via DNS records) to a
  legal entity.

* We want domains to take responsibility for their behavior.  More and
  more small companies use an ISPs MTA rather than their own.  We want
  to see these small companies take responsibility for their mailing
  habits; domain tracing encourages this.

Perhaps this need not be an either-or choice; perhaps we can get both
with a single mechanism.  That's fine, but I'd say that domain tracing
is the "mst have", with MTA-chain tracing as a "nice-to-have" extra.

* Cryptographic vs. DNS-mapping authentication

Another dimension of the design space is the use of cryptographic
signatures versus DNS-mappings to authenticate domains and/or MTAs.
Rather than debate this issue in the context of specific proposals, it
may be worthwhile debating it at a more abstract level.

I personally favor cryptographic approaches:

* DNS-mapping depends on the integrity of both DNS and IP-addressing.
  I worry in particular about the integrity of the latter.  

* DNS-mapping approaches do not provide a record of verifiable record
  of authentication.  Basically, in these schemes, when a message
  arrives from an MTA marked as "authentic", you have to take that
  MTAs word for it, you have no hope of verifying what it (or upstream
  MTAs) did to ensure authenticity.  Of course, configuration bugs
  (versus maliciousness) causes me concern w.r.t. this assumption.
  Further, the basis of all authenticity judgments in these schemes
  is based on DNS-records which change at a tremendous rate (again,
  suggesting that there isn't much to verify here).

* Advocates of DNS-mapping approaches (appear to) claim that this
  approach requires less change to existing infrastructure than do
  cryptographic approaches.  I question this claim.  The DNS-mapping
  schemes I've seen all involve adding new records to a domain's DNS
  record-set.  Of course, DNS can be used to distribute keys as well
  as addresses, so it seems like a cryptographic scheme could be built
  with exactly the same amount of change required by a DNS-mapping
  scheme (viz., the addition of DNS records).

--

Again, source tracing of any kind is not a solution to spam per se,
but is an important, infrastructural enabler of many possible
solutions.  I haven't proposed a specific mechanism in this posting,
but I've tried to (a) establish a common vocabulary with which we can
compare competing proposals and (b) have suggested that cryptographic
authentication of the message domain is "the right" requirement to
evaluate proposals against.
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 09:44:39 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 09:23:27AM +0700, Dr. Jeffrey Race wrote:
> 
> Yes, I could not participate in this list were it otherwise.  I have
> to get my mail at my USA POP server, but I must send from my current
> location in Bangkok where the POP provider (AT&T) has no SMTP node.
> 

So if you have your POP server in the USA, why can't you use your
SMTP node is well? Why do you need such an asymmetry?

Hadmut
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Subject: [Asrg] Sabotage?
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 10:04:30 +0100

Hi,

I was just reading to a heap of message that came in within
the last night. While I found many of them to be very interesting and 
useful, some of them raise a suspicion to be intended sabotage.
I'm under the impression that some of the messages are intended
to jam the group just with noise and counterproductive 
objections, trying to spoil the research group.

As a security engineer, I'm afraid we're under a kind of
DoS attack...

Hadmut





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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003 09:44:39 +0100, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

>So if you have your POP server in the USA, why can't you use your
>SMTP node is well? Why do you need such an asymmetry?


ATT blocks access to its SMTP server unless coming from an
ATT IP address.  So far as I know, ALL ISPs block in the same
way.

Jeffrey Race



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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 10:26:00 +0100

Im working on a smtp like program, but it doesnt handle mail. It just 
acts like its a smtp server. If a spammer will use it to relay bulk 
email through. My program will blacklist the spammer. 
Im halfway finished with the program, if it would be widely distributed 
and used. It would make it difficult for spammers to hide their ip by 
using open relays. Every open relay could then be a trap.
I would like some feedback and some help testing the program.

Regards Alex


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From: "Clayton, Nik [IT]" <nik.clayton@citigroup.com>
To: "'Vernon Schryver'" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] MTP draft
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 09:26:43 -0000

> Do you know about the DCC, SpamAssassin, Brightmail, or Postini?  I
> may be somewhat biased, but I think all of those are reasonably reliable 
> and reasonable.  (I've some reservations about SpamAssassin, but only
> because I wonder about Perl for filtering more than 50,000 messages/day.)

Just as an anecdotal point -- we filter ~ 2 million messages a day through
MIMEDefang and SpamAssassin.  Based on reports from users, we see between 
2-5 false positives a day.

N
-- 
1        1         2         3         4         5         6         7    7
         0         0         0         0         0         0         0    5
                                                    -- The 75 column-ometer
Global Messaging,                 A: Top posting
120 Cheapside, x83331             Q: What's the most annoying e-mail habit?
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 10:38:08 +0100

Im working on a smtp like program, but it doesnt handle mail. It just 
acts like its a smtp server. If a spammer will use it to relay bulk 
email through. My program will blacklist the spammer. 
Im halfway finished with the program, if it would be widely distributed 
and used. It would make it difficult for spammers to hide their ip by 
using open relays. Every open relay could then be a trap.
I would like some feedback and some help testing the program.

Regards Alex


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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, brad@templetons.com, paul.judge@ciphertrust.com,
        vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
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> > I doubt that it's appropriate for IETF to try to standardize means of
> > blocking or filtering only what IETF thinks is spam, and I didn't read
> > this IRTF group's charter as suggesting that kind of approach.  
>
> 
> Well, if the group is going to consider the question of consent,
> then it has to ask "consent to what" and define what mail needs to
> even be concerned about the consent of the recipient.

well, I'm uneasy with the term "consent" anyway.  but part of the problem
may be that I don't know what the charter means by that.

one interpretation of "consent" is an opt-out mechanism - recipient can say
"I don't want to receive spam" (assuming that there's some definition of
"spam") and expect that this creates a burden on the sender to not do so.

another interpretation of "consent" would be a direction to the MTS -
"I don't want to receive any message with the following characteristics ..."
(and I specify which characteristics) or "Any mail that comes from a
dubious source should be delayed for N days (by which time we'll know if
he's a spammer) and it can be only text and less than Mk bytes in length"
which would authorize upstream MTAs to discard, bounce, block, delay, etc.
mail intended for me, according to the criteria that I set.

or maybe there's another interpretation I haven't thought of yet...
I don't think the charter is very clearly worded.

(mind you, I can see problems with both meanings of "consent")

> Nor would we want to have all users of existing mailers need to get
> new ones which understand consent protocols etc. unless they are
> using them for bulk mail which is unsolicited/from strangers/whatever.
> 
> Or is it the hope of this group to research new protocols that would
> require all people sending mail to have new tools?

surely our immediate task is simply to understand what is feasible, using
the existing mail system and protocols as a starting point.  and I can't
imagine that a proposal that depended on "all users" or "all people" to
upgrade their tools in order to be effective would work. 

actually, since we are a research group, and not a working group, I don't
expect that we are intended to produce a definite answer - but instead try to
increase the understanding of what kinds of measures might be effective, what
their drawbacks are, etc.

Keith
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:43:02 +0100

Hi,

after having lots of discussion about spam and my
draft with people from around the world and after following
the asrg group for two days now, I believe to have identified
a major barrier in fighting spam. It's the ubiquituos

  "I demand/need to send any mail with any sender address 
   from anywhere in the world."

But what's the background for this? When in the history
of e-mail did this arise and why?


The reason is simple: It's mainly the POP account.


People need to exchange e-mail from virtually anywhere,
whether from home with a dynamically allocated IP address,
of from any phone plug in a hotel right in the middle of nowhere,
with an IP address of any local ISP. That's OK, I agree with that.
I do it the same way.

But there's a harmful and irrational asymmetry in the mail path:


When receiving e-mail, people find it fully acceptable and just
normal and natural to 

- have a central mail hub receiving their e-mail, operated by some
  kind of ISP,

- that hub to have a fixed IP address and to be linked to their
  domain/e-mail address through DNS

- that this mail hub is worldwide responsible and authorized 
  for their domain/e-mail address in context of e-mail reception

- to identify and authorize against that hub before downloading their
  e-mail through POP. 


That's fine and I never found anyone who seriously wanted to question
this. 

But when sending e-mail, things dramatically change:

- Many ISPs deny to support their clients in mail delivery.

- Even if they do, most clients deny to use it.

- Instead, clients insist on directly deliver their email 
  to the world through SMTP without any authorization/authentication.


That's counterproductive and harmful, since there is no technical 
difference between this and forged/unsolicited e-mail.





The obvious, self-evident, and reasonable way would be to use the
same path as for receiving e-mail, just in opposite order:

- the client doesn't send e-mail directly to the recipients MX
  machine, but instead drops it to its mail hub after authentication. 
  (The mail hub might apply further services such as virus scanning.)

- The mail hub then delivers the mail to the world and is considered
  to be responsible and authorized to deliver mail from that domain.
  The hub still has a fixed IP address which is linked to the domain.


Would be a perfect symmetry. Deliver the same way and method as you
receive.

Surprise: That already exists. Many POP providers also offer the
service of delivering the mail. Authentication is possible through 
either a so called "SMTP after POP" or a simple Password
authentication in the SMTP protocol, typically the same password as for 
the POP account. 

That's perfect, it does the job, and it's already implemented and
publicly available. And after all, it even works better for the client
than direct delivery, since the client doesn't need to cope with 
unavailable DNS servers or other relays. And it is not even 
a limitation, since the client depends on the presence of the 
mail hub anyway. Life could be so easy and simple.



Unfortunately, too many ISPs and clients refuse to use it.



Therefore I suggest to declare as deprecated:

- ISPs who offer reception (POP) services without offering 
  delivery (SMTP) services.

  If POP download is possible from a given IP address a.b.c.d, 
  then SMTP delivery must be possible as well with the same
  set of authentication information, i.e. same username and password.

  Message receiving through POP must be bundled with message delivery.


- Clients downloading e-mail through POP, but not using the 
  bundled delivery service. (That's btw poor client configuration.)

 

That's a quite simple demand. No need to develop new software. Most
software out there is already able to handle this, just needs to be
configured appropriate. 

Once people follow this, the "I need so send e-mail from anywhere when
I'm on road" objection vanishes into thin air.

Once this happened, the door is open to implement a sending relay
authentication, maybe through RMX records or cryptographic certificates.

Hadmut













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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: "Shannon Jacobs" <shanen@yamato.ibm.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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> The last part is just plain wrong. Different messages do have different
> values, including different economic values. Legitimate businesses also want
> to advertise, and they want to spend their advertising money effectively.

There is no such thing as a business that has a legitimate right to spam. IBM
has no more right to spam me than the guy selling penis enlargement devices,
and I don't care how much either one is willing to spend to do so.  And any
financial barrier that would be sufficient to deter IBM from spamming me is
going to be more than enough to keep a friend of mine (perhaps one I don't
know yet) from sending me mail.  And a barrier that keeps me from receving
such mail is a lost opportunity for which money won't compensate.

And yes, different messages do have different values.  But there is not a
ordering relationship among  those values, the values cannot be linearly
combined, and they cannot be equated with money - especially not with the
sender's ability/willingness to pay.

> There IS a cost to email, and that has nothing to do with designing it as
> efficiently as possible. Nothing "artificial" about it. It uses resources,
> and someone has to pay for those resources.

The real cost is in distraction.  It's hard to have a useful discussion if you
keep getting interrupted, even if they pay you to do so.  And no, my attention
is not for sale, at least not that way.  Life is too short.

> > Sure, postage-paid email will destroy the business model of many
> > spammers, but not all spammers. Whether the reduced level is
> > tolerable is a different question.
> 
> So what's wrong with that? These are LEGITIMATE businesses selling real
> products to real customers.

NO. They're spammers.  They deserve the same punishment as any other spammers
(perhaps worse - there's nothing so arrogant as someone who thinks that money
gives them the right to disturb you.)

Keith

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From: Roland <list-asrg@openrbl.org>
To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
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--Keith Moore wrote on 05.03.03 05:19 -0500:

>> Well, if the group is going to consider the question of consent,
>> then it has to ask "consent to what" and define what mail needs to
>> even be concerned about the consent of the recipient.
> 
> well, I'm uneasy with the term "consent" anyway.  but part of the problem
> may be that I don't know what the charter means by that.
> 
> one interpretation of "consent" is an opt-out mechanism - recipient can say
> "I don't want to receive spam" (assuming that there's some definition of
> "spam") and expect that this creates a burden on the sender to not do so.
> 
> another interpretation of "consent" would be a direction to the MTS -
> "I don't want to receive any message with the following characteristics ..."

This may be a permission given from the user to their isp for
filtering/rejecting mail addressed to him without getting sued.
But thats not the consent we are talking about here.

Any consent has to be given from the receipient to the sender,
and should be non-transferable and revokable at any time.

Such verifiable explicit consent should be mandatory for every
bulkmail sent, and of course for other things like abusing the
address for other content as originally requested, selling the
addresses and any other violations and invasions of privacy.

To be widely usable the 'consent declaration' should have a
standardized format, and replace the usual signup-confirmations.

Such declarations will also protect the senders from accusations
of beeing spammers, the responsible ones will likly adapt any
standard and get their mail deliverd without hassle.

Roland

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar  5 06:17:15 2003
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Subject: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking (was: Requirements for
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Okay, pet peeve #1: it's way too soon to be talking about requirements.
Having said that...

My belief is that source tracking should not rely on any of the addresses 
used in the header or envelope, because there are too many cases where
it is reasonable to set those addresses to something else than the default.
(Sender as defined in RFC 822 would be close to the right thing, but it has
been so widely misused that it's useless now.)

For privacy reasons, I also think it's important that source tracking NOT
disclose the identity of the sender.  It may be sufficient if it contains a
per-message unique tag that can be traced to the sender.  But even that may be
too much. We need to retain the ability for senders to speak anonymously.  Of
course, recipients would be free to filter anonyomus mail.

I've been working on a proposal for how to do this.  But I think it's too
early to discuss specifics.
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> This may be a permission given from the user to their isp for
> filtering/rejecting mail addressed to him without getting sued.
> But thats not the consent we are talking about here.

I can't tell from the charter what kind of consent they're talking
about, but I'm pretty sure it's not what *you're* talking about.

> Any consent has to be given from the receipient to the sender,
> and should be non-transferable and revokable at any time.

no, that's clearly unworkable.

Keith
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar  5 06:42:20 2003
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Subject: [Asrg] Sender pays vs the third world
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I'm new on the list so forgive me if this has been mentioned already (the 
archives don't seem complete).

It seems to me that sender pays means the third world gets excluded from 
email communication. Whether it's actual money or if it's just CPU cycles, 
that model simply doesn't work for a group of people trying to communicate 
effectively with "richer" nations. You might as well just use 
http://www.blackholes.us/

That's all I really have to say.

Matt.

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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
To: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Cc: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
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Subject: [Asrg] Abstract of  proposed Internet Draft for Best Current Practice (please comment)
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 18:34:32 +0700
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Interested parties are invited to provide comments to correct, elaborate 
or perfect my proposal, abstracted below, which I plan to offer as an 
Internet Draft momentarily. 

Comments or objections to the effect "This is going to be burdensome on
$spam_enabler" are superfluous because such is the precise intention of
the proposed Practice: to move the burden from victims to polluters and 
their enablers.

Unfortunately (travelling for some months as I am out here at the edge of 
civilization in Asia) I cannot figure out how to submit as an I-D for
BCP, since according to the new version of RFC2223, only an Area Director 
can submit, not an individual, for this track.  Please, will some
knowledgeable person tell me what to do?  I do not know who would be
the Area Director, and there is no appropriate Working Group. 

Thanks for all help.

Jeffrey Race
                               D_R_A_F_T 
      BEST CURRENT PRACTICE FOR DUTY OF CARE OF INTERNET RESOURCES
       Pre-release version 1.33    Draft date: March 5, 2003
           Drafted by Jeffrey Race   <jrace[at]attglobal.net>

            Current draft version (4,000 words) available at 
              <http://www.camblab.com/misc/univ_std.txt>

                  ABSTRACT (long form, not per RFC2223)

This document defines a Best Current Practice to minimize pollution of 
the Internet by various types of abuse, using the community's own 
measures in the absence of effective legal, regulatory and technical 
measures.

The Internet's design and management were predicated on voluntary 
cooperation, self-imposed good behavior, and the non-profit 
motivational structure of participants extant at its inception.  
Current experience of constantly rising pollution invalidates these 
formative assumptions and demands prompt and effective curative 
measures.   

Present anti-pollution measures fall under four generic headings: 
(1) self-directed good behavior; (2) legal sanctions  (3) passive 
ingress-control measures (principally filtering) and (4) active
egress-control measures (principally blocklisting) intended to 
modify the behavior of polluters and enablers.  The first three have 
definitively failed and will continue to fail for reasons specified in 
the document.  The fourth is generally completely effective in warding 
off ingress of pollution and frequently results in reforming abuse 
enablers, but it has two major shortcomings: limited uptake due to fear
of loss of competitive market position by early adopters, and sustained
transmission outages ("collateral damage").

In view of the failure of (1), (2) and (3) and the effectiveness despite 
shortcomings of (4), the document proposes to apply to the Internet the 
same rules society applies to all other resources to deter antisocial 
behavior viz. proper behavior requires clear published standards, 
standards entail accountability, accountability entails multiple modes
of enforceability, and enforceability entails traceability.  The 
document details procedures and implementing mechanisms of behavior 
modification, using the only proven effective method: withdrawal 
of internet resources of identity and connectivity.  Numerous tests have
shown this sanction to work equally well against both the wilful and the 
negligent to halt pollution immediately, where prior efforts at polite 
persuasion to follow best practice were ignored with impunity. 

The proposal thus innovates in three respects to halt Internet pollution:

 (1) It makes explicit that every custodian of internet resources is 
     responsible for preventing emission of pollution 

 (2) Adopting a simultaneous universal practice of withdrawal of 
      internet resources means that no provider will suffer competitive 
      disadvantage.  The Practice legitimates withdrawal of internet 
      resources as the only method proven effective in halting abuse.

 (3) The burden of pollution now falls on the polluter and his enabler 
      rather than on the victim, so conforming to the basic principle 
      used everywhere else in society to maintain justice and good order.

Well-managed, ethical members of the internet industry already conduct
their businesses, successfully and profitably, according to the 
principles specified in the Practice. The proposed Practice simply aims 
to raise the entire industry to the level of today's best players.

The Practice is intended to apply at every level of allocation, 
registration and usage of internet resources including but not limited 
to RIRs, LIRs, ISPs, webhosting firms, backbone connectivity providers,
domain name registrars, and end-users.   It defines internet resources,
unsolicited bulk electronic messaging, and abuse, and specifies 
procedures progressively to penalize abuse after a period of public 
admonishment.

In effect, the proposal implements the "user pays" paradigm in a 
completely new and clever way, without requiring any complicated
metering technology all proposals for which have failed on issues of
complexity, backward compatibility, absence of adequate hardware,
and the need for universal adoption to be effective at all.

The document embodies the only set of measures now on offer which will
quickly end the spam menace internationally sans new legislation, with 
but small and transitory disruption, by abandoning the discredited
"victim pays" model. Adoption will not only be cost-free for the Internet
as a whole but will substantially reduce the current economic burden of 
abuse. It does this by transferring the economic burden from abuse 
victims to the polluters and their enablers, which is fair and feasible,
and indeed the system used everywhere else in society.

As such the anticipated vigorous objections to adoption from some 
parties may be seen in advance as self-serving attempts to perpetuate
the discredited "victim pays" model by those now profiting from an 
Environmental Polluter business model or by their accessories and 
enablers.

Finally, RFCs and Practices are often considered by Courts in 
adjudicating the existence or extent of tortious conduct.  Therefore
looking to the longer term, adoption of this Practice may be expected 
to bring a welcome rule of law to the Internet.  


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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
Cc: Raymie Stata <raymie@cs.ucsc.edu>, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking (was: Requirements for source tracking)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 12:33:23 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 06:12:30AM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> 
> For privacy reasons, I also think it's important that source tracking NOT
> disclose the identity of the sender.  It may be sufficient if it contains a
> per-message unique tag that can be traced to the sender.  But even that may be
> too much. We need to retain the ability for senders to speak
> anonymously. 
> 


I disagree. 

There should be a mechanism that allows to track back a mail
to the identity of the very human behind that email (or taking 
responsibility for it). The sender should be free to turn this
mechanism off, the receiver should be free to accept only mails 
with the mechanism turned on.

If you maintain a discussion group about masturbation problems
after dancing naked in the wood at midnight, it might be wise to allow
anonymous postings.

In contrast, I can state that I do not wish to receive any e-mail 
to my private mail account where I cannot track back the person
who sent it.


Hadmut

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From: "Mariano Absatz" <asrg@lists.com.ar>
Organization: Pert Consultores
To: "Gordon Fecyk - Home" <gordonf@pan-am.ca>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] New Internet Draft I'm working on
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Hi,

I just skimmed over you draft... are you aware that "_" is an INVALID 
CHARACTER in current DNS? Don't let the stupid things Win2K does with its 
pseudo-dns server fool you into thinking that is something that would survive 
in the Internet... I guess my DNS cache resolver would simply refuse to issue 
a request for 1.0.168.192._ds._client._smtp._tcp.lonehost.example.com or 
something along the lines...

The idea is interesting, nonetheless... but I think you should take a look 
into RFC 1034/1035 and their updates before going any further...

El 4 Mar 2003 a las 21:33, Gordon Fecyk - Home escribió:

> <http://www.pan-am.ca/draft-ietf-asrg-dsprotocol-00.txt>
> 
> I just learned of this list from Computerworld's announcement of the ASRG
> conference.  People in other anti-spam mailing lists urged me to finish this
> and post it.
> 
> It's another approach to the domain spoofing problem which supports IP (v4
> and v6) based authorization of hosts sending mail, and leaves that
> authorization in the hands of domain administrators.
> 
> --
> PGP key (0x0AFA039E): <http://www.pan-am.ca/consulting@pan-am.ca.asc>
> What's a PGP Key?  See <http://www.pan-am.ca/free.html>
> GOD BLESS AMER, er, THE INTERNET. <http://vmyths.com/rant.cfm?id=401&page=4>
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking (was:
 Requirements for source tracking)
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> > For privacy reasons, I also think it's important that source tracking NOT
> > disclose the identity of the sender.  It may be sufficient if it contains
> > a per-message unique tag that can be traced to the sender.  But even that
> > may be too much. We need to retain the ability for senders to speak
> > anonymously. 
> 
> 
> I disagree. 
> 
> There should be a mechanism that allows to track back a mail
> to the identity of the very human behind that email (or taking 
> responsibility for it). The sender should be free to turn this
> mechanism off, the receiver should be free to accept only mails 
> with the mechanism turned on.

If the sender doesn't mind disclosing his/her identity to you, I certanly have
no objecting with having such a mechanism.  However, this is more than is
needed to deter or filter spam.  In order to filter spam, I do not need to
know whether the sender is really John Doe of Anytown USA.  That wouldn't help
me much anyway, it would be extremely difficult to deploy, and it would
suppress valuable anonymous speech.

What I might like to know are things like:

a. is the sender's account new, or has it been around awhile?
b. does the source ISP have a reliable way to bill the sender?
   (or is this from someone who got a 100 hours free CD in the mail?)
c. have there been many complaints about mail from this sender?
d. does the source network have an AUP that prohibits spam?
e. does the source network have a reputation for enforcing its AUP?

I don't need to know the sender's real identity to ask the ISP questions like
a, b, c, and d; nor to complain about spam to that ISP.  All I need to know is
the identity of the ISP and some tag that the ISP supplies with the message. 
That tag could be an index into a table that the ISP maintains, or it could
have the sender's ID encrypted inside it.  The tag could be different for each
message.  I don't need to care, as long as the ISP is willing to answer a few
questions about the sender when given the tag.  

Then I could treat incoming mail differently depending on some of the answers.  
For instance, if you have a new account, I might not be willing to accept your
mail right away - it might have to wait a few days, and by that time your ISP
might have more information about you.  If your ISP did not have an
appropriate AUP or were not willing to answer these questions I might accept
only plain text mail less than 1k in length (to deter viruses and to block
most spam, while still allowing brief messages).

> In contrast, I can state that I do not wish to receive any e-mail 
> to my private mail account where I cannot track back the person
> who sent it.

Then you wouldn't be receiving mail from many people that you didn't already
know.  For instance, you would not be able to participate usefully in this
group.  

Keith
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
Cc: raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking (was: Requirements for source tracking)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 13:20:21 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 07:04:37AM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> 
> What I might like to know are things like:
> 
> a. is the sender's account new, or has it been around awhile?
> b. does the source ISP have a reliable way to bill the sender?
>    (or is this from someone who got a 100 hours free CD in the mail?)
> c. have there been many complaints about mail from this sender?


...which violates german privacy laws...

Privacy is fortunately highly protected over here.

Hadmut 

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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking (was:
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> On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 07:04:37AM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> > 
> > What I might like to know are things like:
> > 
> > a. is the sender's account new, or has it been around awhile?
> > b. does the source ISP have a reliable way to bill the sender?
> >    (or is this from someone who got a 100 hours free CD in the mail?)
> > c. have there been many complaints about mail from this sender?
> 
> 
> ...which violates german privacy laws...
> 
> Privacy is fortunately highly protected over here.

let me get this straight - it's not a violation of privacy to insist on
knowing the real identity of someone who sent a message, but it is a violation
of privacy to provide a slight bit of additional information about an
anonymous  or pseudonymous sender?

I guess different cultures have different ideas of privacy...

that's okay - there's no reqirement for the ISP to provide such information.
but if the ISP can legally do so, and is willing to do so, then the sender
can provide preferential treatment of the message.

I don't think we're going to end up with a uniform global solution for spam in
any case, because different people and different cultures vary not only
according to what kinds of protection they consider important, but also in
what they consider offensive or unacceptable.

Keith
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
Cc: raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking (was: Requirements for source tracking)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 13:53:22 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 07:32:17AM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> 
> let me get this straight - it's not a violation of privacy to insist on
> knowing the real identity of someone who sent a message, but it is a violation
> of privacy to provide a slight bit of additional information about an
> anonymous  or pseudonymous sender?
> 


Yup, you got it. :-)


Privacy in our flavour means that you keep control of what
information is leaking out about you.


If I ask you "Who are you?", than it is your choice whether
your answer or not. And if you answer, you're answering yourself. 
You can't violate your own privacy (in the legal sense). And it
doesn't violate privacy to not accept a message without a 
reliable sender information. And the receiver is not forced to accept
any message, that's up to the receiver to accept only messages from 
known senders. Rejecting a message doesn't violate someone else's
privacy. 

But if I ask a third party (ISP) "What do you know about that guy", 
then this is a violation of that guy's privacy. A third party
is not allowed to reveal e.g. billing informations.




> I guess different cultures have different ideas of privacy...

That's what I trying to explain all the time.

And we have different ideas of anonymity, of identity, and
so on. 


BTW: Privacy is often translated to the german word "Datenschutz"
and vice versa. This is basically very wrong, but still best common
practice. As you saw, your interpreation of privacy heavily differs
from what we call "Datenschutz". So it is actually not correct if
I speak about german privacy laws. But I don't know any better english
word. Even U.S. politicians confuse this very often if they are
talking about german or european "Datenschutz". 


Hadmut


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> > let me get this straight - it's not a violation of privacy to insist on
> > knowing the real identity of someone who sent a message, but it is a
> > violation of privacy to provide a slight bit of additional information
> > about an anonymous  or pseudonymous sender?
> 
> Yup, you got it. :-)
> 
> Privacy in our flavour means that you keep control of what
> information is leaking out about you.

well, that seems reasonable.  I mean, if when I sign up for an account my ISP
can say "is it okay if we tell people that you send mail to these things that
might help them decide whether to accept your mail?" and I can opt-in or
opt-out to that service, would there be a problem then?

> > I guess different cultures have different ideas of privacy...
> 
> That's what I trying to explain all the time.
> 
> And we have different ideas of anonymity, of identity, and
> so on. 

I guess I'm not surprised.  but it's good to keep it in mind.

Keith

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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 08:07:24 -0500

> But I don't know any better english word.

You could try data collection practices. The terms of art used in the UK
are in English, that doesn't mean they translate well to American.
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From: Roland <list-asrg@openrbl.org>
To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
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--Keith Moore wrote on 05.03.03 06:27 -0500:

>> This may be a permission given from the user to their isp for
>> filtering/rejecting mail addressed to him without getting sued.
>> But thats not the consent we are talking about here.
> 
> I can't tell from the charter what kind of consent they're talking
> about, but I'm pretty sure it's not what *you're* talking about.
> 
>> Any consent has to be given from the receipient to the sender,
>> and should be non-transferable and revokable at any time.
> 
> no, that's clearly unworkable.

Could you be a bit more specific ?

The only one which can give consent for bulk-mail is the receipient,
and for mail to be sent the sender must have knowledge (even proof)
of this consent.

Thats how you and everybody else got subscribed to this mailing-list
which follows the outline at http://mail-abuse.org/manage.html

The isp (and possibly intermediate relays) will be involved only to
enforce the consent on behalf of the customer, today typically with
the help of blacklists which are not the ideal way.

Roland

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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 08:49:19 -0500 (EST)

On Tue, 4 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> Companies may find it necessary to hire a human to filter
> borderline messages that an automatic filter is unsure of, but in the
> ISP context, false positives do not have a simple
> solution--

Oh, clearly this is not an appropriate solution for an ISP.  I was intending
it only for a corporate setting.

Spam does not really cost ISP's anything except bandwidth and storage.
They don't care (nor should they) if their end-users are less productive;
that's a worry only for companies.

--
David.
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> >> Any consent has to be given from the receipient to the sender,
> >> and should be non-transferable and revokable at any time.
> > 
> > no, that's clearly unworkable.
> 
> Could you be a bit more specific ?

sigh.  I could, but it's probably just a rathole.

any mechanism has problems and limitations.  I don't think we're going
to find any single mechanism, or even type of mechanism, that satisfies
everyone.  nor do I think it's in scope for this group to try do so.

and at least for the time being I suspect we're better off just trying
to list different mechanisms, and maybe to classify them, than to try to
argue about which of them are better or worse.

so we should put your suggestion on the list along with all the others,
and defer the question of whether any of them is workable.

Keith
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking (was: Requirements for source tracking) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 05 Mar 2003 13:20:21 +0100."
             <20030305122021.GA6748@danisch.de> 
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 08:05:04 -0500

It used to be there was a "hop count" in usenet groups, from when some
wrangle began, to when it was settled by reference to a somewhat defunct
political group, or at least its very defunct charismatic leader.

If the experience of drafting a protocol to replace Verisign's RRP, in
particular the question of requirements that arise from attempts to
state in machine readable form requirements that are themselves both
scoped geographically and employ differing frameworks, is general, then
this IRTF activity at some point will decide that "everything looks like
a nail".

At that point, the possibility of using meta-data to describe policy,
in particular, the data collection policy of relay-participating MTA
operators, which was present in various drafts on such mechanisms as
the http state management mechanism, http methods, and shared registry
provisioning, to my limited personal knowledge, will no longer be
available, and some simpler, and presumably better mechanism, or policy
needing no complex mechanism, will be the object of "hum".

> I guess different cultures have different ideas of privacy...

Yes. In a nutshell there are three basic regimes to consider, or ignore:
	o the US FTC contract framework,
	o the OEDC (Canada, Japan, ...) guidelines, a hybrid
and
	o the EU Treaty human rights framework.

But don't take my word for it.

Eric
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 09:03:23 -0500 (EST)

Hi,

I've been reading ASRG for a couple of days, and am impressed by the
message volume. :-)

However, we need practical ways to fight spammers.  I think we're spending
too much time trying to define "spam" and not enough on understanind spammers.
Here are some ideas that I believe will have real, practical benefits.

What are the differences between a spammer and a legitimate mass mailer?
How can we exploit these differences?  I see two major differences:

1) Spammers want to send out lots of messages cheaply, and don't
particularly care if any one message gets through.  Legitimate mass
mailers want all of their messages to get through.

2) This is just a hunch, but I bet it's true:  Spammers probably have a
higher proportion of bad addresses on their lists than mass-mailers.  We
can help ensure this by poisoning their lists with web pages of fake
addresses.

The analogy to IDS software is apt here.  Condition (1) can be detected
with a purely local process:  You tempfail mail from unknown senders the
first time.  (Better, tempfail based on sender-recipient pairs).  I already
do this, and it reduces spam by a significant percentage (20-25%) with very
little cost to me.

Condition (2) cannot be detected purely locally, but I have a proposal
that can make it possible to detect (2).  Just as we have central clearing
houses for checksums, we can build a system of central clearing houses
for success/failure counts.

Imagine modifying MTA software so that:

- If a RCPT TO: succeeds, it sends a note saying:  "Sender xyz@domain.net
  from IP address a.b.c.d sent a successful RCPT TO: command"

- If a RCPT TO: fails, a similar failure note is sent.

- Possibly, we could augment the scheme so that mail to a honeypot address
  is noted and counts for more than a simple failure -- we could weight
  the various addresses.

The clearing house would maintain the success/failure rate over a
sliding window of 24 hours or so.

When your spam filter is deciding whether or not to accept mail, it
consults the clearing house.  Based on criteria you choose, it can add
X points to the spam score if the success rate for the IP or sender is
lower than a certain amount.  For example, if "xyz@domain.net" has a
15% failure rate with at least 300 samples reported, then you add 3
points to your spam score.

I believe this scheme is pretty easy to implement, is practical, doesn't
lessen privacy too much, and most importantly, requires no changes to
existing Internet protocols or end-user software.  It also uses an objective
measure of spammer behaviour, rather than trying to define the undefinable.

Obviously, the implementation details are important -- we'd want to make
it hard for any one machine to skew the statistics with fake data, etc.
But I don't think this task is any harder than trying to secure DNS :-) and
we all still use and rely on DNS.

Comments welcome. :-)

--
David.

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> What are the differences between a spammer and a legitimate mass
> mailer? 

the percentage of recipients who want to receive the messages.
that's all.

Keith
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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, David F. Skoll wrote:

> Spam does not really cost ISP's anything except bandwidth and storage.
> They don't care (nor should they) if their end-users are less productive;
> that's a worry only for companies.

I hope only someone who has never worked at an ISP would ever say this. 

Spam costs ISPs a lot in admin time, and there are lots of hidden costs 
of spam at an ISP that are very tricky to account for.

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See inline comments please

On Tue, 4 Mar 2003 18:33:37 -0800, Brad Templeton wrote:

>The draft I proposed allows open relays for those who wish to use
>them, though they can't run mailing lists from them.  So I suggest
>it is not inherent that open mail relays must be closed.

I have consulted with the experts on Spam-L and my conclusion from
the vigorous response there is that they have to be closed, for
reasons noted below.
>
>Plus it's an interesting precedent.  For example, if you run MS
>Windows as found on the CD, your machine can be invaded and used
>as a base for DDOS.  Should you be sued over this? 

Yes if your negligence produced injury; it is a tort and you
are subject to civil suit to recover damages.  There have already
been suits like this, quite properly.   If you (as the negligent
party) had a legal duty of care, e.g. a hospital administrator,
and your negligence resulted in death, you could conceivably
face criminal charges.   If my mother died because some idiot
hospital sysadmin was runnin Win98 on DSL without a firewall, you
can be sure I'd be in the public prosecutor's office the day after
the funeral.  (So would you, I expect.)


>Should Microsoft?

Their lawyers too clever.  Read the shrinkwrap license: you waive
all your legal rights.

>What about after patches become available?

Depends on the facts establishing the degree of negligence.

>
>It's messy.

Only the facts of particular cases.  The law is clear.

>
>Anyway, the point is the open relay operators are not doing things
>deliberately.  

Latest stats show over 200,000 open relays.   Most exist through
negligence, stupidity, laziness and the like.  (Basically, unwillingness
to RTFM.)


>They don't want to relay spam.


The drunk drivers don't want to kill people but they still do and
they still go to prison for it.

>They are spammer's
>victims.

I'm glad you're not a Judge!

  If possible, we should try to help them.   Forcing them
>all to close is something to be done only if we have exhausted all
>ways to solve the problem.

Forcing them to close is the first thing to do.  See
<http://www.camblab.com/nugget/spam_03.pdf>


>
>Plus there are "open" relay operators who state they have put in
>throttles which stop spammers (or anybody untrusted) from sending
>large volumes of mail through the relay. 

I have queried Spam-L experts about this.   One of the top technical
people on that list states:

 "I have seen more than one "rate limited" open relay being hit badly
  by spam - the spammer just throttles down his mailing speed through 
  the relay.  Throttling a mailserver so badly that spam will definitely
  not get through will also throttle a lot of legit mail going through 
  that relay."

> Yet the blacklist relay
>testers don't test a large volume, they test a single message, and
>blacklist the relay even though it is not practical for spammers
>to use it.

I have verified from Spam-L that  many/most open-relay testers only
test whether a sending IP address is an open relay after getting a
spam in hand.   However there are indeed open-relay testers that
test routinely without provocation, apparently as a self-defense
measure.

The question therefore becomes whether there is ANY reason to have
an open relay, even a rate-limited one.   Is there any way to
preserve functionality for legitimate relay users while denying
access to strangers?   Yes, one can password-protect access.  There
are other ways to (e.g. whitelisting only certain accessing IP
addresses).

The question therefore becomes, given that there is need for relays
and that there is a simple method of access control, why are there
any relays, intended to serve legitimate users, which are still
open?

The answer from a famous Spam-L poster:

 "Lack of competence"

If you believe this analysis is incorrect I will be pleased to replay
your reply over there, or you can show up yourself.  Please don
flame-resistant suit first; there is a very low tolerance on Spam-L
for fuzzy and wishful thinking.  The general attitude toward spammers
and enablers is "heads on pikes"  :)

Jeffrey Race


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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 09:21:49 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Matt Sergeant wrote:

> Spam costs ISPs a lot in admin time,

Ah, forgot about that... I guess you have to handle complaints.  Sorry.

--
David.
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 09:26:33 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> > What are the differences between a spammer and a legitimate mass
> > mailer?

> the percentage of recipients who want to receive the messages.
> that's all.

OK, let me rephrase that:

What are the *detectable* differences between a spammer and a legitimate
mass mailer, assuming we can't read the minds of the recipients?

--
David.
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:42:10 +0000 (GMT)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> > What are the differences between a spammer and a legitimate mass
> > mailer? 
> 
> the percentage of recipients who want to receive the messages.
> that's all.

Surely "want" is not the right word here.

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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 09:38:23 -0500
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Brad Templeton wrote:
> On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 07:01:40PM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:

Hi Alan (how's mother ;-) and Brad,

>>Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com> wrote:
>>  My concern was that dropping the amount of spam by 3 orders of
>>magnitude isn't enough.  There are ISP's getting 100's of millions of
>>spams a day.  Even at 1/1000 the rate, 100,000 spams a day is
>>problematic to deal with.

> Surely no more than a couple of ISPs get that sort of volume?

Even companies do, as a comparison to overall population. We get 
approximately a million spams/day.  We only have 50,000 users, and 
somewhere around 300K legitimate emails.

> However, the key test is this -- what's the volume compared to that
> of normal mail.  If, for example, it's 1% of normal mail, there
> really isn't a server load question of significance.  If currently
> spam is 80% of all mail, a factor of 1000 would make it .4% of all
> mail.  Is spam now over 80% of all mail?

In some cases yes.  Ours is getting close to 80%.

> In theory, though not yet proven, I think if you dropped the
> effectiveness of spam by 3 orders of magnitude, the spammers would
> actually cut back their activites.

The economics are such that it's viable for some of the high volume 
spammers even at that reduced return rate.

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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003 09:26:33 -0500 (EST), David F. Skoll wrote:

> On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:
> 
> > > What are the differences between a spammer and a legitimate mass
> > > mailer?
> 
> > the percentage of recipients who want to receive the messages.
> > that's all.
> 
> OK, let me rephrase that:
> 
> What are the *detectable* differences between a spammer and a legitimate
> mass mailer, assuming we can't read the minds of the recipients?

1) a legitimate bulk emailer **should** conform to the general rules regarding bulk email
   - there are around 8 or so headers that shold be added to bulk email.
   However as a number of companies block email that conform to these rules
   as 'spam', legitimate bulk emailers are no longer confirming. This means that
   purely from message contents and headers it is difficult to tell the difference.

> --
> David.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 


Jacqui Caren, Ingram Group Ltd. jacqui@ig.co.uk
ph: +44 (0) 1483 8628xx main=00 fax=01 ddi=65
http://www.ig.co.uk/ http://www.sitedirector.org/
http://www.perl.co.uk/


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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:56:17 +0000 (GMT)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, David F. Skoll wrote:

> On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> 
> > Spam costs ISPs a lot in admin time,
> 
> Ah, forgot about that... I guess you have to handle complaints.  Sorry.

Not just complaints. When your queues fill up due to massive spam runs and 
you can't even get your legitimate mail out because it's swamped by all 
the spam, then someone has to go in and manually free up the queues.

This happens a *lot* to us.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 09:46:53 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Jacqui Caren wrote:

> 1) a legitimate bulk emailer **should** conform to the general rules
> regarding bulk email - there are around 8 or so headers that shold
> be added to bulk email.  However as a number of companies block
> email that conform to these rules as 'spam', legitimate bulk
> emailers are no longer confirming. This means that purely from
> message contents and headers it is difficult to tell the difference.

Exactly.  Which is why we need a distributed detection system to detect
spam runs, and I believe the percentage of bad recipient addresses in
a given run is a pretty reliable measure.

--
David.
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David F. Skoll wrote:
> OK, let me rephrase that:
> 
> What are the *detectable* differences between a spammer and a legitimate
> mass mailer, assuming we can't read the minds of the recipients?

Hi,

legitimate mass mailer ususally don't spend time setting up garbage in 
their messages so as to defeat checksum based or pattern based spam 
detection mechanisms.

Mathias.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:42:10 +0000 (GMT)
Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk> wrote:

> On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:
> 
> > > What are the differences between a spammer and a legitimate mass
> > > mailer? 
> > 
> > the percentage of recipients who want to receive the messages.
> > that's all.
> 
> Surely "want" is not the right word here.

it's what I intended.  if >99% of recipients want to receive the
messages, the sender is in some sense "legitimate".  if <1% want to
receive the message, the sender is a "spammer".  

another way of putting this is that I don't think we're likely to find a
useful definition of "legitimate" vs. "illegitimate" mass mailer.  the
concept of legitimacy is somewhat dubious here.

Keith
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] filtering at connect time
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> Plus it's an interesting precedent.  For example, if you run MS
> Windows as found on the CD, your machine can be invaded and used
> as a base for DDOS.  Should you be sued over this?  Should Microsoft?
> What about after patches become available?

What if my car, as purchased, and after a recall notice, could detonate,
taking out a highway overpass?  Should I or the manufacturer be liable.
Endangering shared resources is endangering shared resources.

Brad Davis

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> 1) a legitimate bulk emailer **should** conform to the general rules
> regarding bulk email
>    - there are around 8 or so headers that shold be added to bulk
>    email. 

huh?  where did you get that idea?

Keith
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Brad Templeton wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 09:00:00AM +0700, Dr. Jeffrey Race wrote:

>>On Tue, 4 Mar 2003 13:17:14 -0700 (MST), Vernon Schryver wrote:

>>>That is not right.  People who operate relays may be less culpable than
>>>the original senders of spam, but they are certainly blame worthy
>>>and they are certainly not victims in the same class as spam targets.

>>The term of art is 'contributory negligence'

> That is the term, but only a very few years ago open relays were
> the norm, even the polite thing to do. 

There are many things that once were okay, or at worst ignored, and are 
now as much as outright illegal.

You used to be able to get a full Usenet feed at 300 baud.

Society moves.  The Internet moves faster than most things.

> Anyway, the point is the open relay operators are not doing things
> deliberately.  They don't want to relay spam.  They are spammer's
> victims.  If possible, we should try to help them.

Agreed.

I firmly believe that blacklisting open relays being used to spam is one 
of the simplest and most effective ways to help them notice they have a 
problem.  Trying to contact relay owners is usually a waste of time due 
to poor WHOIS practises. Demonstrating that running an open relay has 
real consequences is what gets them to pay attention and fix their problems.

Blacklisting relays generates the occasional false positive here - but 
our infrastructure takes special steps to ensure that any rejection is 
seen, with instructions on what to do to rectify the situation.

In that sense, our system has no false positives - there's always a 
means to get the email through. Just may take you two tries.

> Forcing them
> all to close is something to be done only if we have exhausted all
> ways to solve the problem.

That's silly.  The problem _is_ that they're open and usually being used 
to spam, and the quickest and most appropriate way to solve the problem 
(in 99.99% of the cases) is to close them.  Ignoring a spam hydrant does 
nobody any good.

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Keith Moore wrote:
>>People who operate relays may be less culpable than
>>the original senders of spam, but they are certainly blame worthy

> I don't see anything inherently wrong with operating an open relay, as long as
> they don't alter messages and they're willing to pay for the bandwidth they
> use.

Right.  There's nothing inherently wrong with operating one.  But the 
vast majority of cases are where they're inadvertent, and would be 
closed if the owner knew about what they're being used for. Furthermore, 
there's nothing inherently wrong about blocking email from them given an 
informed choice on the part of the recipients.

Yes, it's a loss of a specific means to a specific end.  But so are 
doors without locks.  Times change.  And these days, there's no need to 
run a "real" open relay because there are other techniques to obtain the 
same result. Doors _with_ locks.

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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 15:20:03 +0000 (GMT)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> On Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:42:10 +0000 (GMT)
> Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk> wrote:
> 
> > On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:
> > 
> > > > What are the differences between a spammer and a legitimate mass
> > > > mailer? 
> > > 
> > > the percentage of recipients who want to receive the messages.
> > > that's all.
> > 
> > Surely "want" is not the right word here.
> 
> it's what I intended.  if >99% of recipients want to receive the
> messages, the sender is in some sense "legitimate".  if <1% want to
> receive the message, the sender is a "spammer".  

This puts the definition of spam in terms of quantity though. So you can 
end up with a targetted spammer sending something to a small number of 
people, all who think its interesting and useful, yet its bulk and 
unsollicited. I don't like legitimising that, and I know I'm not alone in 
that. I stick tightly to the monkeys.com definition of spam.

Matt.

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> > > What are the differences between a spammer and a legitimate mass
> > > mailer?
> 
> > the percentage of recipients who want to receive the messages.
> > that's all.
> 
> OK, let me rephrase that:
> 
> What are the *detectable* differences between a spammer and a
> legitimate mass mailer, assuming we can't read the minds of the
> recipients?

none that are reliable and can be determined by looking at just the
message.  the only intrinsic difference between a spam and a
"legitimate"  piece of mail is that the recipient doesn't want to
receive the spam.

okay, there are a fair number of clues that give a good indication that
a message is probably spam - e.g. if the sender seems to be trying to
hide any indication of where the message was sent from.  but now
that filters exist to recognize these, spammers will soon learn not to
generate messages that do that, so looking at them is only a short
term fix.

it used to be that checking for an invalid From address (via SMTP)
was an almost foolproof way to detect spam.  that doesn't work any
longer.  spammers do learn.

Keith
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 08:05:34 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>

> ...
> I have consulted with the experts on Spam-L and my conclusion from
> the vigorous response there is that they have to be closed, for
> reasons noted below.

Contributors to Spam-L are not any necessary more expert about spam
than anyone else.

> ...
> I have queried Spam-L experts about this.   One of the top technical
> people on that list states:
>
>  "I have seen more than one "rate limited" open relay being hit badly
>   by spam - the spammer just throttles down his mailing speed through 
>   the relay.  Throttling a mailserver so badly that spam will definitely
>   not get through will also throttle a lot of legit mail going through 
>   that relay."

That suggests only that your "expert" is more of an "e-spurt" like
some self-professed expert contributors to this list who have made
similarly inaccurate declarations.  Sufficiently draconian rate limiting
is always sufficient to stop spam while insufficiently limits are
insufficient.  It is simply wrong to claim that anti-spam rate limiting
must "also throttle a lot of legit mail going through that relay."
For example, you can do as some relays have done for many years and
rate limit by stream, for various definitions of "stream" including
fuzzy matching mail bodies.

The claims in this mailing list that all relays must be closed are at
best sloppy wording that omits "open" or "promiscuous."  There is no
technical difference between a "smarthost" and a "relay" except the
set of SMTP clients from which the smarthost will accept mail and/or
the sent of SMTP servers to which it will relay mail.  For that matter,
in the way most users send mail, there is no technical difference
between their ISP's "mail server" and a "relay."  Their PCs as as
clients to send mail to the SMTP server of their ISP.  That SMTP server
does exactly the same thing with their outgoing messages as an open
relay, except perhaps for restricting the SMTP clients for which it
will relay.


> ...
> I have verified from Spam-L that  many/most open-relay testers only
> test whether a sending IP address is an open relay after getting a
> spam in hand. However there are indeed open-relay testers that
> test routinely without provocation, apparently as a self-defense
> measure.

That is another case where your Spam-L e-spurts are inventing facts
or over generalizing from too little experience.  Judging from my logs
and most reports I've heard from other people who have logs to read,
most relay tests from self-described white-hat testers are at best
based on unsubstantiated "nominations".  All of the major open relay
testers and plenty of others have attacked my SMTP servers, without
ever having had any spam from them.  (It's possible to make claims
about never ever having sent any spam if you run an vanity domain.)

"Self-defense" is how most relay testers justify their actions.
Whatever they say, for people running SMTP servers, their actions are
indistinguishable from spammers looking for open relays.


> ...
> If you believe this analysis is incorrect I will be pleased to replay
> your reply over there, or you can show up yourself.  Please don
> flame-resistant suit first; there is a very low tolerance on Spam-L
> for fuzzy and wishful thinking.  The general attitude toward spammers
> and enablers is "heads on pikes"  :)

Please do not do that.
Please also do not gateway this mailing list to news.admin.net-abuse.email.
Please do not use arguments based on anonymous authorities.
Please understand that some of the contributors to this mailing list
 have histories of technical involvement with SMTP that are equal to any
 you might find among contributors to Spam-L.

People offering IDs should also understand that the form of an ID is
not magic.  Putting your thoughts into the form of an ID does not
automatically confer accuracy, relevance, or even make them convincing.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 10:08:09 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> none that are reliable and can be determined by looking at just the
> message.

Right.  Are you sure you read my proposal?  If you can be an
omniscient being and see what happens to every message sent in a
bulk-email run, I believe you will see a difference between spamming
and legitimate bulk e-mailing.  My proposal was designed to make us
closer to omniscient.

--
David.
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Vernon Schryver wrote:

> People whose livelihoods depend on mail cannot, will not, and do not
> accept false positive rates above 1%.

We have to remember, however, that the "true" false positive rate isn't 
determined _solely_ by how much legitimate email your filters block, but 
by the amount of legitimate email that doesn't get through.

They may seem to be the same, but it isn't.

A full bore TMDA (all first time email carries a "click this link to let 
the email through") has a 100% false positive rate in the filters first 
go-round. But if the senders follow the instructions, it's 100% delivery 
in the end.  [Presuming it works as it's supposed to, and you don't have 
senders with broken mailers that can't see/display the returns.]

Discussions of false positives has to take into account what you do with 
a reject, and the practises you follow to rectify problems.

Yes, my management would draw and quarter me if our false positive rate 
got above even .01%. It is.  False positive handling is part of the 
insurance to make sure that we eventually do deliver all legitimate email.

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> > none that are reliable and can be determined by looking at just the
> > message.
> 
> Right.  Are you sure you read my proposal? 

I assure you that I haven't read every proposal, or yours specifically.
there have been too many messages and documents to keep up with.

> If you can be an
> omniscient being and see what happens to every message sent in a
> bulk-email run, I believe you will see a difference between spamming
> and legitimate bulk e-mailing.  

only if you can keep track of the complaints that the message produces. 
I don't think it's reasonable to judge 'legitimacy' of a message based
on what happens before delivery.

Keith

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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 07:20:58 -0800 (PST)


-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1


> > I guess different cultures have different ideas of privacy...
>
> Yes. In a nutshell there are three basic regimes to consider, or ignore:
>...

There are also different ideas of identity.

For example, I read that the UK is implementing a new "URU"
identification scheme based on the meters associated with
addresses. Does that mean that homeless people in the UK
might have no identities?

Certainly, similar problems exist elsewhere.

Homeless people, human rights workers, members of abused
social groups, etc should be able to send mail without
establishing an "identity". (And intended recipients should
be able to refuse such mail.)

This is a little more fundamental in a way than the issue
of privacy, because some jurisdictions may not recognize
the identity of some persons (natural or artificial, such
as corporations etc). And any scheme which requires an
identity must be flexible enough to allow unidentifiable
persons or artificial persons. (Who will identify refugees
or officials in "unrecognized" governments?)

Furthermore, artifical persons (such as corporations) are
easy to establish. (Here in Nevada we have 200,000 such
artificial persons, against 2,000,000 natural persons.)
The fact that such an entity exists and is chartered by
a government doesn't necessarily grant effective recourse
to a victim of that entity's acts. (Isn't being known as
"responsible" one of the main reasons to have an
identity, or to be required to have one?) Having an
identity may be useful to some, but I doubt it would be an
effective way to ameliorate the spam problem.

On the other hand, knowing the identity of a sender is a
aid in implementing whitelists. It might allow me to carry
on a conversation with an anonymous "person", even though
that person is sending from a spammer's domain. I have
had that very problem, trying to communicate with one
individual working for someone on our blacklists, but
found that the blacklist made communication through the
obvious channels difficult.

If we implement some sort of identity mechanism, the only
scheme I know of which would be flexible enough would be
using simple key pairs, which anyone could generate. Then
we could add certificates, saying "this is a recognized
citizen of XYZ", or "agency ABC vouches for the identity
of this person". (In other words, a web-of-trust mechanism
similar to that used by PGP.) Those who want complete
anonymity could simply generate a key pair, and not have
any certificates.



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> if >99% of recipients want to receive the
> > messages, the sender is in some sense "legitimate".  if <1% want to
> > receive the message, the sender is a "spammer".  
> 
> This puts the definition of spam in terms of quantity though. So you
> can end up with a targetted spammer sending something to a small
> number of people, all who think its interesting and useful, yet its
> bulk and unsollicited. 

then it doesn't create a problem for anyone, and we shouldn't be trying
to declare that illigitimate.

> I don't like legitimising that, and I know I'm not alone in that. 

you have nothing to say about it - you were not involved.

Keith
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 10:18:42 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Mathias Herberts wrote:

> legitimate mass mailer ususally don't spend time setting up garbage in
> their messages so as to defeat checksum based or pattern based spam
> detection mechanisms.

Neither do many spammers.  It's my contention that looking at message
content, or a single or a few deliveries, is not sufficient to distinguish
spam behaviour from legitimate mass mailing.  We need a bird's-eye view
of the entire (or a significant portion) of the mail run.

No-one's actually commented on the merits or lack thereof of my
proposal. :-(

--
David.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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> From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>

> What are the *detectable* differences between a spammer and a legitimate
> mass mailer, assuming we can't read the minds of the recipients?

There are no such differences, detectable or not.  Setting asside
arguments about legal or AUP definitions, spam is fundamentally unwanted
bulk mail.  "Bulk" because isolated abuse is not a problem that needs
attention by the IETF/IRTF and "unwanted" because that's what it is.
Any "legitimate mass mailer" becomes a spammers simply by sending to
people who don't want the stuff.  A spammer becomes legitimate not
sending to people who don't want the stuff.


] From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>

] > 1) a legitimate bulk emailer **should** conform to the general rules
] > regarding bulk email - there are around 8 or so headers that shold
] > be added to bulk email.  However as a number of companies block
] > email that conform to these rules as 'spam', legitimate bulk
] > emailers are no longer confirming. This means that purely from
] > message contents and headers it is difficult to tell the difference.
]
] Exactly. 

"Exactly"?  Who blocks messages simply because they have List-Unsubscribe
and similar headers such as those listed in RFC 2369?

]           Which is why we need a distributed detection system to detect
] spam runs, and I believe the percentage of bad recipient addresses in
] a given run is a pretty reliable measure.

I disagree, because many spammers work hard to remove bad addresses
from their target lists.  Other spammers don't, but still others work
hard to honor "unsubscribes" or "removes."  Generalizations such as
"all spammers have lots of bad addresses in their lists" are as wrong
as "all spammers use open relays" or "spam involves forged headers."

I think the only way to detect spam runs is to examine passing mail bodies
and look for those that are substantially identical and therefore bulk.
However, perhaps I'm biased because that is exactly what the DCC does.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] filtering at connect time
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> I firmly believe that blacklisting open relays being used to spam is
> one of the simplest and most effective ways to help them notice they
> have a problem. 

arrrgh.

we used to run an "open relay".  we had measures in place to keep it
from being used by spammers, and they worked.  but it would pass the
blacklisters' tests for open relays, so we got blacklisted.  and people
started to refuse mail from us.

as far as I am concerned the blacklisters have done a lot to hinder
delivery of legitimate mail, a lot to make it more difficult for mobile
users, and almost nothing to reduce the amount of spam.

they're worse than the spammers, and I would support the death penalty
for spamming. 

Keith
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] filtering at connect time
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> >>People who operate relays may be less culpable than
> >>the original senders of spam, but they are certainly blame worthy
> 
> > I don't see anything inherently wrong with operating an open relay,
> > as long as they don't alter messages and they're willing to pay for
> > the bandwidth they use.
> 
> Right.  There's nothing inherently wrong with operating one.  But the 
> vast majority of cases are where they're inadvertent, and would be 
> closed if the owner knew about what they're being used for.

perhaps.

> Furthermore, there's nothing inherently wrong about blocking email
> from them given an informed choice on the part of the recipients.

assuming, of course, that the recipients make the choice, and that they
have the expertise to do so.  neither of which tends to be the case.

Keith

p.s. I know several people who refuse to lock their doors.  They believe
that living in fear, and over-attachment to material things, are both
harmful.  As it happens I do lock my doors.  But I respect their right
to not lock theirs, and I don't think they're causing harm by not doing
so.
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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 10:28:20 -0500

At 10:18 -0500 3/5/03, David F. Skoll wrote:
>On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Mathias Herberts wrote:
>
>>  legitimate mass mailer ususally don't spend time setting up garbage in
>>  their messages so as to defeat checksum based or pattern based spam
>>  detection mechanisms.
>
>Neither do many spammers.  It's my contention that looking at message
>content, or a single or a few deliveries, is not sufficient to distinguish
>spam behaviour from legitimate mass mailing.  We need a bird's-eye view
>of the entire (or a significant portion) of the mail run.
>
>No-one's actually commented on the merits or lack thereof of my
>proposal. :-(

Well, hello I'm new here but I've been dealing with the spam problem 
for a long time.

I believe the idea of at least a partial top-down view has merit.

I think it can only work with a feedback mechanism so that users who 
receive the first messages can "report" them somewhere.

I think that overall, if you really want to manage spam, the mail 
delivery process has to be slowed down slightly to allow received 
spams at site A to be matched up with spams at B through Z and a 
probability-of-spam set. An invisible white list could help push 
clearly-not-spam messages into inboxes, while the rest are checked 
over.

Two linked issues that arise are maintaining the privacy of the 
original message, and determining that two messages are fundamentally 
the same message, despite slight differences.

A self-reporting system need not be terribly vulnerable to individual 
user error if there are enough users. In any self-reporting system, 
an orchestrated external attack is somewhat feasible against public 
mass mailings (only) - a form of reputation system would be needed to 
quell this.

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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 10:32:04 -0500

>Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu> wrote
>arrrgh.
>
>we used to run an "open relay".  we had measures in place to keep it
>from being used by spammers, and they worked.  but it would pass the
>blacklisters' tests for open relays, so we got blacklisted.  and people
>started to refuse mail from us.

Could you elaborate a bit about the measures you used to prevent is use
by spammers?

I'm not sure why open relays are useful now... don't all networks/ISPs
have local SMTP servers these days?
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal 
In-Reply-To: Message from "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> 
   of "Wed, 05 Mar 2003 09:03:23 EST." <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303050901390.2189@shishi.roaringpenguin.com> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 15:31:45 +0000


David F. Skoll said:

> 1) Spammers want to send out lots of messages cheaply, and don't
> particularly care if any one message gets through.  Legitimate mass
> mailers want all of their messages to get through.
> 
> 2) This is just a hunch, but I bet it's true:  Spammers probably have a
> higher proportion of bad addresses on their lists than mass-mailers.  We
> can help ensure this by poisoning their lists with web pages of fake
> addresses.
> 
> The analogy to IDS software is apt here.  Condition (1) can be detected
> with a purely local process:  You tempfail mail from unknown senders the
> first time.  (Better, tempfail based on sender-recipient pairs).  I already
> do this, and it reduces spam by a significant percentage (20-25%) with very
> little cost to me.
> 
> Condition (2) cannot be detected purely locally, but I have a proposal
> that can make it possible to detect (2).  Just as we have central clearing
> houses for checksums, we can build a system of central clearing houses
> for success/failure counts.
> 
> Imagine modifying MTA software so that:
> 
> - If a RCPT TO: succeeds, it sends a note saying:  "Sender xyz@domain.net
>   from IP address a.b.c.d sent a successful RCPT TO: command"
> 
> - If a RCPT TO: fails, a similar failure note is sent.
> 
> - Possibly, we could augment the scheme so that mail to a honeypot address
>   is noted and counts for more than a simple failure -- we could weight
>   the various addresses.
> 
> The clearing house would maintain the success/failure rate over a
> sliding window of 24 hours or so.

This is a very interesting idea.   It does not even need to hook into
the MTA, just tail the log files or log database for that MTA, and report
stats from that.

To avoid this, spammers would have to

  (a) start using valid, non-forged, non-joe-job From: or Errors-To:
  addresses to collect "user unknown" DSNs, so they could clean up their
  lists;

  (b) spend money on inbound SMTP bandwidth to support (a), hence hitting
  their pockets.

A very nice, very simple idea.   It's vaguely related to another idea I've
heard, regarding a lookup database of "addresses that have bounced at my
domain recently", but that idea might provide have a side-effect of
providing more incentive for spammers to joe-job (haven't quite thought it
through).  This one, however, does not.

issues I can see:

- an expiry of 1 day is too short; I would say 3-5 would be better.

- what about randomised sender addresses?  Some spamtools will generate
  a new random From: addr for each recipient.  I fear the relay IP
  address is the only trustworthy source id that can be used...

--j.
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I feel this is a worthy suggestion.  We have multiple layers of SPAM
fighting tools and it would be a benefit if they all played nice together.

Don Zawada
Baxter Global Messaging/Collaboration Team
don_zawada@baxter.com
Voice: 847.948.4742
Fax: 847.948.3222



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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
In-Reply-To: <200303051523.h25FNx7p019253@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 10:42:27 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> > What are the *detectable* differences between a spammer and a legitimate
> > mass mailer, assuming we can't read the minds of the recipients?

> There are no such differences, detectable or not.

Then this ASRG is a waste of time.

> ] > This means that purely from
> ] > message contents and headers it is difficult to tell the difference.

> ] Exactly.

> "Exactly"?  Who blocks messages simply because they have List-Unsubscribe
> and similar headers such as those listed in RFC 2369?

You misunderstood.  I meant "Exactly -- it's hard to tell the difference
purely from message contents and headers."

> I disagree, because many spammers work hard to remove bad addresses
> from their target lists.

Really?  Don't you think it's worth a shot to try to gather hard data?
If you're right, then my idea is no good.  If you're wrong, then it is.
Unfortunately, without setting up a system to gather this data, we'll
never know.

> Generalizations such as
> "all spammers have lots of bad addresses in their lists" are as wrong
> as "all spammers use open relays" or "spam involves forged headers."

I never said that.  I said I believe that many spammers have lots of bad
addresses, simply based on how they obtain addresses in the first place.
Maybe you're right; I don't know.  But we should at least try to find out.

> I think the only way to detect spam runs is to examine passing mail bodies
> and look for those that are substantially identical and therefore bulk.

Bulk != Spam.  Any system to detect "similar but not identical"
messages can be thwarted if it uses a checksum scheme, and is too slow
to be practical if it uses more sophisticated message-closeness
measures.

--
David.
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Jim Youll wrote:

> I think it can only work with a feedback mechanism so that users who
> receive the first messages can "report" them somewhere.

No, the system is totally automatic.  All it reports is that IP address
x.y.z.w submitted a message with a valid RCPT TO: or invalid RCPT TO:
address.  That's it.

> I think that overall, if you really want to manage spam, the mail
> delivery process has to be slowed down slightly to allow received
> spams at site A to be matched up with spams at B through Z and a
> probability-of-spam set.

My scheme doesn't care about message content.  It merely punishes those
with a large set of invalid recipient addresses on their mailing list.
My intuition tells me spammers are more likely to have bad addresses than
legitimate bulk e-mailers.  We need experiments to see if that's true.

> Two linked issues that arise are maintaining the privacy of the
> original message, and determining that two messages are fundamentally
> the same message, despite slight differences.

Again, I don't report or care about message content; only good or
bad RCPT TO: commands.  We don't even report actual recipient addresses.

--
David.
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 10:48:13 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> I disagree, because many spammers work hard to remove bad addresses
> from their target lists.  Other spammers don't, but still others work
> hard to honor "unsubscribes" or "removes."

In order to remove bad addresses (as Justin Mason pointed out), or honor
unsubscribes, spammers would need to supply either a valid return address
or a Web page somewhere that's trackable.  That's the whole goal of all
the authentication proposals on this scheme.

You can't clean your list unless you can receive bounces, and to receive
bounces, you need to use a valid (and presumably somewhat traceable)
sender address.

--
David.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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> My scheme doesn't care about message content.  It merely punishes
> those with a large set of invalid recipient addresses on their mailing
> list. My intuition tells me spammers are more likely to have bad
> addresses than legitimate bulk e-mailers. 

you're probably right.  but that doesn't mean it's reasonable to punish
those who happen to have lots of bad mail addresses.

consider the organization that mails out one announcement per year to
its members. lots of people will change addresses in that year.  is that
organization's mail somehow illegitimate because its addresses bounce?
for that matter, is a spammer's mail any less annoying simply because it
deletes addresses that do bounce?

Keith
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David F. Skoll wrote:

> Right.  Are you sure you read my proposal?  If you can be an
> omniscient being and see what happens to every message sent in a
> bulk-email run, I believe you will see a difference between spamming
> and legitimate bulk e-mailing.

The question is associating the messages to get your counts.

A spammer merely needs to have a big set of open proxies/relays and 
seriously randomize froms, and you can no longer generate counts of
anything because you can't associate report "a" with report "b".

I have some considerable experience with this having built a tool that 
attempts to group "similar" already-blocked spams from multiple IPs 
within a given IP range to send off LARTs.  Based on subject lines, with 
considerable hackery to strip hashbusters, and lump, say, all "horsy" 
spam together, I'm getting about a 40% success rate.  Based on IPs and 
Froms, it'd be no better, and considerably worse once the spammers 
notice and evolve.

Some of the existing distributed methods based upon body checking do a 
better job at this, because it's very hard to make the payload vary that 
much to fool the hash preprocessing and still sell what you want to sell.

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   From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)

   issues I can see:

   - what about randomised sender addresses?  Some spamtools will generate
     a new random From: addr for each recipient.  I fear the relay IP
     address is the only trustworthy source id that can be used...

You're probably correct.

I've seen spammers send from randomized addresses at all of
(known | forged | random) addresses, and also with forged
addresses from others in the same organization.  

I expect this spammer was was hoping to take advantage of a likely
"whitelist" for intra-organization email.

My opinion: there are only two things that can be trusted:

   the IP address of the machine on the other end of the TCP 
   connection that hit your firewall, and

   the meaningless pattern of bits in the message, which only has
   significance in a statistical (rather than a formatted) sense.

You can't trust anything else in the message, in particular, you
must _not_ trust any of the information that's in headers you 
recieved from the far end, as spammers have become particularly
adroit at forging _everything_.

	-Bill Yerazunis ( CRM114 author, I'll post an intro later)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 10:51:26 -0500

At 10:48 -0500 3/5/03, David F. Skoll wrote:
>On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>
>>  I disagree, because many spammers work hard to remove bad addresses
>>  from their target lists.  Other spammers don't, but still others work
>  > hard to honor "unsubscribes" or "removes."
>
>You can't clean your list unless you can receive bounces, and to receive
>bounces, you need to use a valid (and presumably somewhat traceable)
>sender address.

I don't see that "intent" of the sender is really a factor one way or another.

It's the net outcome that is at issue with spam.
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 07:51:54 -0800

Using the vocabulary from my previous message, I believe Hadmut Danisch is arguing as follows.  He's agreeing that sender domain tracking is desireable, but at the same time he thinks that MTA-chaing tracking is more practical.  By requiring all mail from a domain D to be injected via an MTA blessed by domain D, MTA-chain tracking achieves sender-domain tracking.  So he's asking, why not impose such a requirement?

First, it seems to me that any scheme involving sender-domain tracking will require messages "From:" domain D to eventually pass through an MTA blessed by D.  Thus, Hadmut's requirement of juswt making this the first MTA seems reasonable from this perspective.

My only concern is this.  Networks often block outgoing connections to port 25 (and for good reason).  Pop-before-smtp and/or authenticated smtp don't help with this problem.  How do we deal with this problem?  Maybe requiring smtp-over-SSL in these situations will work (most MUAs seem to support this now).  However, this solution assumes most "ISP-like" networks will allow port 925 traffic to go out, I don't have 1st-hand experience, perhaps even this won't work.

Other solutions?  Or is this a show-stopper for requiring the first MTA be an MTA blessed by the sending domain?
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> >we used to run an "open relay".  we had measures in place to keep it
> >from being used by spammers, and they worked.  but it would pass the
> >blacklisters' tests for open relays, so we got blacklisted.  and
> >people started to refuse mail from us.
> 
> Could you elaborate a bit about the measures you used to prevent is
> use by spammers?

we counted the number of non-local recipients of mail sent through our
relay from non-local, unauthenticated users.  we would only allow a few
recipients (I think the number was 15) from any one IP address per day. 
this was sufficient for our mobile users, who sent only a few messages
per session, most of which were to local recipients.  but it was a small
enough number to discourage spammers from using us as a relay.  a couple
of them tried it, but gave up when only a few messages got out. 
actually we were pleased that they wasted their time trying to use our
relay :)

> I'm not sure why open relays are useful now... don't all networks/ISPs
> have local SMTP servers these days?

it's a pain in the wazoo to have to change your SMTP server every time
you connect to a different network.  

authenticated submission is a better fix.  but it's still not widely
used.

Keith
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> > My intuition tells me spammers are more likely to have bad
> > addresses than legitimate bulk e-mailers.

> you're probably right.  but that doesn't mean it's reasonable to punish
> those who happen to have lots of bad mail addresses.

Well, any anti-spam scheme will have its side effects.  This is a pretty
mild side-effect, I think

> consider the organization that mails out one announcement per year to
> its members. lots of people will change addresses in that year.  is that
> organization's mail somehow illegitimate because its addresses bounce?

No.  That's a side-effect, and such organizations will need to work harder
to keep their lists clean.  (Do any organizations *really* mail out that
infrequently?)

> for that matter, is a spammer's mail any less annoying simply because it
> deletes addresses that do bounce?

In order to delete addresses that bounce, the spammer must be able to receive
bounce notifications, and therefore becomes more traceable -- the #1 goal
of many other proposals on this forum.

--
David.
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> In order to remove bad addresses (as Justin Mason pointed out), or
> honor unsubscribes, spammers would need to supply either a valid
> return address or a Web page somewhere that's trackable.

yes, but they don't have to use the same return address or web address
for subsequent spam.  thus the value of this identifier in blacklisting
them is near zero.

Keith
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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> yes, but they don't have to use the same return address or web address
> for subsequent spam.  thus the value of this identifier in blacklisting
> them is near zero.

Which is higher than zero -- the current state of affairs.

--
David.
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> I'm not sure why open relays are useful now... don't all networks/ISPs
> have local SMTP servers these days?

Some ISPs restrict use of their servers to those who have dialed in
from the ISP's own networks. Therefore, if you are a customer of ISP
X travelling away from home, you may not have access to that ISP's
SMTP servers. Even if you make arrangements to use a different ISP
while travelling, you may find when you arrive that the system doesn't
work (which can be very frustrating if you don't speak the language of
the country you are visiting).

Also, some people have no ISPs, but gain access by being a guest on
someone else's network. For various reasons, they may not want to
use that person's network to send mail. (For instance, they may not
want anyone to know they are visiting a certain person, while they
are using that person's network.)

Finally, open relays provide some measure of anonymity for the sender.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal 
In-Reply-To: Message from "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> 
   of "Wed, 05 Mar 2003 10:45:40 EST." <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303051043000.2189@shishi.roaringpenguin.com> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 15:58:22 +0000


David F. Skoll said:

> My scheme doesn't care about message content.  It merely punishes those
> with a large set of invalid recipient addresses on their mailing list.
> My intuition tells me spammers are more likely to have bad addresses than
> legitimate bulk e-mailers.  We need experiments to see if that's true.

There are some legit bulk mailers with bad list hygiene, and large numbers
of bad addresses.

However, I would hazard a guess that there's a *huge* margin of difference
between their bounce ratio and a spammer's, and it will be easy to
differentiate.

--j.
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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 <200303051523.h25FNx7p019253@calcite.rhyolite.com>
 <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303051046320.2189@shishi.roaringpenguin.com>
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 10:59:05 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> > In order to remove bad addresses (as Justin Mason pointed out), or
> > honor unsubscribes, spammers would need to supply either a valid
> > return address or a Web page somewhere that's trackable.

> yes, but they don't have to use the same return address or web address
> for subsequent spam.  thus the value of this identifier in blacklisting
> them is near zero.

Consider:  To receive DSN notifications, the spammer can expect to receive
between 10-20% of all the mail he sends out.  Sending 1,000,000 messages to
different addresses is cheap.  Receiving 100,000 to 200,000 copies of that
same message to a single address (or even a few addresses) is not.

If the spammer doesn't want to receive the message body in the DSN's, he
or she will have to use a bulk precedence header. :-)  To reduce his own
costs, the spammer is forced to play nicely.

--
David.
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David F. Skoll wrote:
> On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

>>>What are the *detectable* differences between a spammer and a legitimate
>>>mass mailer, assuming we can't read the minds of the recipients?

>>There are no such differences, detectable or not.

> Then this ASRG is a waste of time.

Depends on the level you take the "no ... differences".  Clearly there 
is no definitive simple test from a header or body whether it's spam. 
Nor is there a single test that works for everyone.

But there are many clues, some of which need external consultation (eg: 
DCC or blacklists), and some which don't, that can lead to heuristics 
that are within your comfort zone.

If there weren't, I wouldn't be doing what I'm doing.

>>I think the only way to detect spam runs is to examine passing mail bodies
>>and look for those that are substantially identical and therefore bulk.

> Bulk != Spam.  Any system to detect "similar but not identical"
> messages can be thwarted if it uses a checksum scheme,

Unsolicited bulk == Spam.  Everything else is just quibbling about 
thresholds.

That's a dangerous assertion to make to the person who invented DCC. 
Because he can prove otherwise.  As can Razor or Cloudmark.

Not perfect, but they _do_ work quite well.

> and is too slow
> to be practical if it uses more sophisticated message-closeness
> measures.

You'd be surprised.  There's a lot of techniques that we use routinely 
with considerable success that people swear up and down are totally 
impractical.



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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP drafty 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 05 Mar 2003 09:38:23 EST."
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 05:53:58 -0500

"Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:
> Brad Templeton wrote:
> > However, the key test is this -- what's the volume compared to that
> > of normal mail.  If, for example, it's 1% of normal mail, there
> > really isn't a server load question of significance.  If currently
> > spam is 80% of all mail, a factor of 1000 would make it .4% of all
> > mail.  Is spam now over 80% of all mail?
> 
> In some cases yes.  Ours is getting close to 80%.

  I know of at least one site which would *love* to get only 80%
spam.  It's currently sitting at 99.99%, the last time I heard from
them.

  That statistic alone drives most of my opinions about spam.  Nearly
all of the "solutions" or "descriptions" I've heard won't work with
that low a signal to noise ratio.

  Spam has become a permanent DDoS attack.  No other description of
the problem is accurate.

  I'm not sure that any other protocol allows anonymous IP's to send
reams of unrequested traffic to a server.  Pretty much every other
protocol either has a client requesting data from a server, or the
client-server conversation is authenticated (signed, or administrator
configured.)

  That says SMTP is different.  It should be treated differently from
any other protocol.

  So I'm less interested in the definition of spam, or why it's being
sent.  What I would like to know is: How can we fix SMTP to remove
it's designed-in DDoS capability?

  It's the Slashdot effect in reverse.  What do you do when 100,000
people suddenly decide that they all want to send you mail?  The
answer usually is that you spend the next day fixing your systems
after they crashed...

  Alan DeKok.
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:00:56 -0500

At 7:58 -0800 3/5/03, Michael Marking wrote:
>  > I'm not sure why open relays are useful now... don't all networks/ISPs
>>  have local SMTP servers these days?
>
>Some ISPs restrict use of their servers to those who have dialed in
>from the ISP's own networks. Therefore, if you are a customer of ISP
>X travelling away from home, you may not have access to that ISP's
>SMTP servers. Even if you make arrangements to use a different ISP
>while travelling, you may find when you arrive that the system doesn't
>work (which can be very frustrating if you don't speak the language of
>the country you are visiting).

POP-before-smtp solves this quite well, stands up to analysis.

if not, use AT&T or whatever it's called. They have POPs in every country, and
support pages in every language. This is not a particularly 
compelling argument.

>Also, some people have no ISPs, but gain access by being a guest on
>someone else's network. For various reasons, they may not want to
>use that person's network to send mail. (For instance, they may not
>want anyone to know they are visiting a certain person, while they
>are using that person's network.)

Source IP is still on there even with the most sloppy remailers these days.

>Finally, open relays provide some measure of anonymity for the sender.

Not compelling at all. If the relay is at all responsible, the source IP is
on there just the same. If the sender is a member of a large ISP (e.g.  even a
cable modem user) then the message is pooled with millions... no anonymity
benefit whatever.
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 09:07:46 -0700 (MST)

I guess I shouldn't have used the V-word when talking about spam on
the IRTF's mailing list about spam.

sheesh!--talk about utterly lame and misguided spam filters.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com


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> > consider the organization that mails out one announcement per year
> > to its members. lots of people will change addresses in that year. 
> > is that organization's mail somehow illegitimate because its
> > addresses bounce?
> 
> No.  That's a side-effect, and such organizations will need to work
> harder to keep their lists clean.  (Do any organizations *really* mail
> out that infrequently?)

yes, damnit.  I work with several organizations that have a once-a-year
social event, and send out one bulk email per year.

> > for that matter, is a spammer's mail any less annoying simply
> > because it deletes addresses that do bounce?
> 
> In order to delete addresses that bounce, the spammer must be able to
> receive bounce notifications, and therefore becomes more traceable --

nope.  not in any useful sense.

Keith
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David F. Skoll wrote:
> On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> 
> 
>>I disagree, because many spammers work hard to remove bad addresses
>>from their target lists.  Other spammers don't, but still others work
>>hard to honor "unsubscribes" or "removes."

> In order to remove bad addresses (as Justin Mason pointed out), or honor
> unsubscribes, spammers would need to supply either a valid return address
> or a Web page somewhere that's trackable.

Sorry, wrong.  All bad address removal requires is spamware that 
understands SMTP error codes.  No reverse channel of any kind required.

> You can't clean your list unless you can receive bounces,

Wrong as per above.

Most spammers don't care about rejects.  They really don't.

Really.  Truly.

2 years ago we decommissioned (de-MX'd out of DNS) several domains we no 
longer used, but were getting 50,000 spams/day.  After 18 months of 
solid failures, I reenabled the domains to see what's happening.

500,000-700,000 spams/day.  Plus a big chunk of bounces from ISPs from 
spam forged in these old domains.

Or, see http://striker.ottawa.on.ca for a situation that's even worse. 
A domain is so badly hit with spamming attempts for addresses that 
_never_ existed, that he can no longer afford the SYN packets to reject 
inbounds at the TCP layer.

Hell, even some legitimate emailers don't notice rejects and never clean 
bogus addresses.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:13:07 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Chris Lewis wrote:

> The question is associating the messages to get your counts.

No, you just associate IP address to count.  You can't possibly
associate to the message, because failed RCPT TO: commands never
get to the DATA phase.

> A spammer merely needs to have a big set of open proxies/relays and
> seriously randomize froms, and you can no longer generate counts of
> anything because you can't associate report "a" with report "b".

It is quite expensive to gather a large set of open relays.  If you're
sending out 500K messages, and you want to limit it to 1,000
messages/IP, you need to find 500 open relays.

Also, a lot of spammers are pretty unsophisticated and send from DSL
or cable-modem lines.  This scheme would get them pretty fast.

> Based on IPs and Froms, it'd be no better, and considerably worse
> once the spammers notice and evolve.

We need experiments to tell for sure.

--
David.
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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003 10:38:53 -0500, Keith Moore wrote:

>it's a pain in the wazoo to have to change your SMTP server every time
>you connect to a different network. 

Takes me 5 seconds (I do it twice daily, going to the office
and coming home, different DSL networks).

Jeffrey Race

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> > yes, but they don't have to use the same return address or web
> > address for subsequent spam.  thus the value of this identifier in
> > blacklisting them is near zero.
> 
> Which is higher than zero -- the current state of affairs.

marginal gain in response to signifcant harm sounds like a losing idea
to me.
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:09:19 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> yes, damnit.  I work with several organizations that have a once-a-year
> social event, and send out one bulk email per year.

What's the bounce rate, and how many addresses are on the list?  You'd
only want to start using this info to block spammers once you get at least
a few hundred or 1,000 samples or so, and only if the bounce rate is fairly
high.

--
David.
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> From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>

> > I disagree, because many spammers work hard to remove bad addresses
> > from their target lists.  Other spammers don't, but still others work
> > hard to honor "unsubscribes" or "removes."
>
> In order to remove bad addresses (as Justin Mason pointed out), or honor
> unsubscribes, spammers would need to supply either a valid return address
> or a Web page somewhere that's trackable.  That's the whole goal of all
> the authentication proposals on this scheme.
>
> You can't clean your list unless you can receive bounces, and to receive
> bounces, you need to use a valid (and presumably somewhat traceable)
> sender address.

That is even more deeply confused than the authentication proposals.
The authentication proposals cannot force spammers to process bounces.
They can only force spammers to have sender addresses that are
authenticated.  On the other hand, that many spammers now use valid
return addresses and process bounces without authentication shows that
authentication is indpendent of clean lists.

The authentication proposals are confused about the nature of
authentication.  They imagine that it would ever be possible (not to
mention desirable) to force all mail to be inextricably linked to a
human identity such as a U.S. social security number (or EIN for
corporations).  As long as it is possible to phone an ISP and get a
new account within minutes, or to sign up for an accout on-line, the
notion of authenticating all mail senders to mail recipients is crazy.

On the other hand, all mail senders are already sufficient authenticated
to ISPs for ISPs to prevent spam if they care.  ISPs that demand credit
card numbers and impose significant financial penalties for bad behavior
do not have spam problems.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:16:59 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Chris Lewis wrote:

> > Bulk != Spam.  Any system to detect "similar but not identical"
> > messages can be thwarted if it uses a checksum scheme,

[...]
> That's a dangerous assertion to make to the person who invented DCC.
> Because he can prove otherwise.

I'd like to see that proof.

It's very easy to prove that any (useful) checksum algorithm can be
thwarted.  Any useful checksum algorithm must produce different
results for "substantially different" messages.  Furthermore, you can
examine the algorithm to see what it considers "substantially
different", and write a generator to make substantially-different
messages.  You can do this (for example) by taking your archive of
received mail from the last 5 years and adding random paragraphs from
legitimate mail messages to your spam.

--
David.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:17:08 -0500
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> Consider:  To receive DSN notifications, the spammer can expect to
> receive between 10-20% of all the mail he sends out.  Sending
> 1,000,000 messages to different addresses is cheap.  Receiving 100,000
> to 200,000 copies of that same message to a single address (or even a
> few addresses) is not.

so the spammer pays that price once to clean up his list, and after
that, he only gets a few bounces back each time.

> If the spammer doesn't want to receive the message body in the DSN's,
> he or she will have to use a bulk precedence header. :-) 

which is not an indication of spam, and shouldn't be treated as such.

Keith
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:18:07 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Jim Youll wrote:

> I don't see that "intent" of the sender is really a factor one way
> or another.

It's a huge factor, because the motivation of the sender produces
detectable differences in the way he/she gathers recipient addresses
and sends mail.  This is empirically proven, today, with my simple
"tempfail-first-time" heuristic.

--
David.
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Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com> wrote:
On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 07:01:40PM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
> > Even at 1/1000 the rate, 100,000 spams a day is
> > problematic to deal with.
> 
> Surely no more than a couple of ISPs get that sort of volume?

  That's what I disagree with.  Many, many domains get that kind of
volume.

  Someone who gets 99.99% spam would be pleased if the spam went down
by 3 orders of magnitude, but it would still be a serious problem.

> ... So what are you arguing against that I said?

  Your belief as to the scope of the problem.  For some people, the
spam problem is 3 orders of magnitude larger than what you're seeing.
So dropping their spam loads by that amount simply means they're now
dealing with as much spam as you are.  And you're on this list,
talking about your current spam loads, and trying to fight the
problem.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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> > yes, damnit.  I work with several organizations that have a
> > once-a-year social event, and send out one bulk email per year.
> 
> What's the bounce rate, and how many addresses are on the list?  

don't know about the bounce rate for email - for one group the snail
mail bounce rate was on the order of 15% (yes, that many people had
moved in meatspace during the year).  I suspect the email bounce rate
was comperable.  lots of people change email addresses periodically to
try to escape spammers.

Keith
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:25:06 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> > Consider:  To receive DSN notifications, the spammer can expect to
> > receive between 10-20% of all the mail he sends out.  Sending
> > 1,000,000 messages to different addresses is cheap.  Receiving 100,000
> > to 200,000 copies of that same message to a single address (or even a
> > few addresses) is not.

> so the spammer pays that price once to clean up his list, and after
> that, he only gets a few bounces back each time.

I believe that even that one-time price is sufficiently high to deter
a lot of spammers.

Furthermore, the system can be tuned.  For example, it might be
possible to send to the clearing house the SHA1 hash of each recipient
address (hash to preserve privacy) as well as the success/failure
notification.  The next time the spammer spams, if you notice a lot of
recipient addresses that were the same as a previously-detected spam
run, you can use that as an indication of spam.  Again, my intuition
tells me that the exact address lists used by spammers are very
different from legitimate mailing lists.

This enhancement would be pretty expensive to implement, but is
doable.  It means that anyone who cleans a list with a lot of bad
addresses will find his remaining list of good addresses is marked as
suspect.

This does, as you say, hurt infrequent mailers.  That's an unavoidable
side-effect.

> > If the spammer doesn't want to receive the message body in the DSN's,
> > he or she will have to use a bulk precedence header. :-)

> which is not an indication of spam, and shouldn't be treated as such.

That's true, but forcing any kind of detectable behaviour onto spammers
is a good thing.  Even apart from detecting spam, the bandwidth
saved by not bouncing bodies is good for everyone.

--
David.
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Vernon Schryver wrote:
> I guess I shouldn't have used the V-word when talking about spam on
> the IRTF's mailing list about spam.

> sheesh!--talk about utterly lame and misguided spam filters.

But in the case of the V word, it works.  The only concern I'd have is 
whether the rejection message implies that it's far more unnecessarily 
draconian on other words/phrases.

8+ months of blocking on it, 10's of thousands of rejects, approximately 
4 false positives.  5 if Vern had gotten it thru the mailing list. 
Better than a .01% FP rate.  Not bad.

IETF mailing lists are particularly prone to high volumes of spam. I for 
one am particularly glad that they're moving to filters.  Takes a _huge_ 
load of end-user complaints off _my_ head, as well as those of my 
colleagues running IETF mailing lists of their own.

Speaking of which, I should whitelist asrg@ietf.org.

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At 11:25 -0500 3/5/03, David F. Skoll wrote:
>On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:
>
>>  > Consider:  To receive DSN notifications, the spammer can expect to
>>  > receive between 10-20% of all the mail he sends out.  Sending
>>  > 1,000,000 messages to different addresses is cheap.  Receiving 100,000
>>  > to 200,000 copies of that same message to a single address (or even a
>>  > few addresses) is not.
>
>>  so the spammer pays that price once to clean up his list, and after
>>  that, he only gets a few bounces back each time.
>
>I believe that even that one-time price is sufficiently high to deter
>a lot of spammers.

200K messages is a few hours of processing on even a slow machine with a
slow connection. Surely anyone who can generate a million messages
can deal with what comes back.
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> >it's a pain in the wazoo to have to change your SMTP server every
> >time you connect to a different network. 
> 
> Takes me 5 seconds (I do it twice daily, going to the office
> and coming home, different DSL networks).

how nice for you.  then again, you're connecting to the same two
networks over and over.  that's not like users connecting to random
networks.

Keith
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> > so the spammer pays that price once to clean up his list, and after
> > that, he only gets a few bounces back each time.
> 
> I believe that even that one-time price is sufficiently high to deter
> a lot of spammers.

forgive me if I'm skeptical.

> Furthermore, the system can be tuned.  

you're still trying to evaluate messages based on some criteria that
have nothing to do with whether the recipient wants it or not.

> This does, as you say, hurt infrequent mailers.  That's an unavoidable
> side-effect.

we can certainly avoid it by not using this scheme.

> > > If the spammer doesn't want to receive the message body in the
> > > DSN's, he or she will have to use a bulk precedence header. :-)
> 
> > which is not an indication of spam, and shouldn't be treated as
> > such.
> 
> That's true, but forcing any kind of detectable behaviour onto
> spammers is a good thing. 

not if it's a waste of effort.

Keith
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David F. Skoll wrote:
> On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Chris Lewis wrote:

>>The question is associating the messages to get your counts.

>>A spammer merely needs to have a big set of open proxies/relays and
>>seriously randomize froms, and you can no longer generate counts of
>>anything because you can't associate report "a" with report "b".

> It is quite expensive to gather a large set of open relays.  If you're
> sending out 500K messages, and you want to limit it to 1,000
> messages/IP, you need to find 500 open relays.

Which isn't hard.  If you refuse to get your fingers dirty, you just 
have to download one of the open relay/proxy blacklists...  But if you 
don't mind getting your fingers dirty, just point a scanner at Brazil. 
Thousands within a few hours.

> Also, a lot of spammers are pretty unsophisticated and send from DSL
> or cable-modem lines.  This scheme would get them pretty fast.

You're seeing the open relays and proxies, not the spammers themselves.

>>Based on IPs and Froms, it'd be no better, and considerably worse
>>once the spammers notice and evolve.

> We need experiments to tell for sure.

We can already see the spammers doing this.  My autobitch bot routinely 
shows me specific spams that have been sent from several hundred or even 
a thousand different IPs in one day.  And this is the viewpoint from 
just _one_ MTA...

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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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[resend - sorry, I hit the wrong button last time]

> Fine.  What do you suggest instead?  People already use a lot more
> brute-force approaches with a lot worse side-effects, so I think you
> are simply being disagreeable.

you're probably right :)

I don't think there's a simple answer.  I think we need a combination of

- a way to find out whether a message is sent by someone who has
  a history of spamming, a history of not spamming, or no history

- an automatic way of handling spam complaints, in order to accumulate
  that history

- a way for recipients to indicate that mail meeting certain criteria
  that they specify should not be sent to them (because it will get
  bounced or discarded anyway) 

Keith
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 05 Mar 2003 11:43:02 +0100."
             <20030305104302.GA3979@danisch.de> 
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 06:35:38 -0500

Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> wrote:
> The reason is simple: It's mainly the POP account.
> 
> People need to exchange e-mail from virtually anywhere,
> whether from home with a dynamically allocated IP address,
> of from any phone plug in a hotel right in the middle of nowhere,
> with an IP address of any local ISP. That's OK, I agree with that.
> I do it the same way.

  Let me re-phrase that:

    "People need to be able to send email from anywhere, to anyone,
     using any email address they choose."

  I don't think that's a good idea.

> But when sending e-mail, things dramatically change:
> 
> - Many ISPs deny to support their clients in mail delivery.
> 
> - Even if they do, most clients deny to use it.
> 
> - Instead, clients insist on directly deliver their email 
>   to the world through SMTP without any authorization/authentication.

  Too bad.  I can't drive 200 MPH on city streets, much as I may like
to.

  There are technical solutions to this problem.  Authenticated SMTP
exists, and should be used.

  It's ugly to to create hacks to work around the fact that people are
unwilling to use existing protocols.  It just makes the problem worse.

  Alan DeKok.
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> From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>

> > I don't see that "intent" of the sender is really a factor one way
> > or another.
>
> It's a huge factor, because the motivation of the sender produces
> detectable differences in the way he/she gathers recipient addresses
> and sends mail.  This is empirically proven, today, with my simple
> "tempfail-first-time" heuristic.

No, by your own numbers, that's empirically suggested for only 20% of spam.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 11:47:33 -0500
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Brad Templeton wrote:
> I was one of the first people to propose e-stamps for internet
> mail.  I have since renounced the idea.
> 
> Fully detailed reasons are at:
> 
>     http://www.templetons.com/brad/spume/estamps.html
> 
> But in short:
>     a) You can't get there from here, since you can't reject mail
>        that is unstamped until lots of people use stamps and nobody
>        will want to use stamps unless people are demanding them.
> 
>     b) CPU coins are better than money but still face problem (a)
>     c) Putting an artifical cost on something that was designed to
>        be cheap is a lousy answer.
>     d) It has free speech implications.  (in both senses of the word.)
>     e) Mailing lists are a problem.
>     f) Major virus problem if you use real money

on the other hand, I'm a strong proponent (still) of using postage with e-mail. 
  Take a look at HTTP://harvee.billerica.ma.us/camram/ for a paper describing 
the current state of camram project addressing all of the issues you listed above.

In a nutshell:

    a) you can get there from here.  You just need to use a mixture of 
techniques
       in order to deal with unstamped mail.

    b) they certainly are.  Including the reason that real money will have
	everybody sticking their hand out as the message flows by.

    c) yup.  It's a trade-off
    d) The free speech implications are less than filters.  If you generate a
	stamp, your message gets delivered.  It's no bigger burden than physical
	postage.
    e) not anymore.  Strangers pay, friends fly free.  Mailing lists are your
	friends (if you signed up for them)
    f) I'm not sure I understand the virus problem.  I'll take a look at your
	paper and see if it gives a better explanation.

I'm currently working on a paper describing the 12+- properties I think an 
antispam system should have.  I'll publish it in the next few days.

another thing that seems to be missing from this discussion is that e-mail 
systems really are two separate protocols that interact.  The low-level protocol 
is the transport system (i.e. SMTP).  As much as people complain about it, the 
fact that it has survived for twenty plus years speaks to its strengths.  It 
also speaks to how difficult it will be to dislodge.  Look at the success we 
have had with IPv6 and BEEP.  Moving away from SMTP will take about 15 years.

the second level protocol is the client to client protocol defined by rfc2822. 
Granted, it is a one-way protocol but it's still communicating instructions and 
operations to the recipients e-mail client.  In the camram environment, I've 
tried to focus on modifying just the client to client protocol by adding 
postage.  The rest of the infrastructure focuses on appropriate interpretation 
of that message and how to dispose of it.

at the end of the day, I look at antispam techniques through the lens of this 
principle:

     Any measure for stopping spam must ensure that all non-spam messages
     have a means for bypassing that measure to reach their intended
     recipient.

---eric

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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:47:57 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Chris Lewis wrote:

> Sorry, wrong.  All bad address removal requires is spamware that
> understands SMTP error codes.  No reverse channel of any kind required.

Unless your recipient is running MS Exchange:

http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;304897

or happens to have a Yahoo or AOL account (Yahoo and AOL do not fail
bad addresses at RCPT time.)  I'd imagine this would cover a large
class of spam victims.

My additional proposal (for making the remaining good addresses on
a spam list suspect) will handle the case of more intelligent spamware.

> > You can't clean your list unless you can receive bounces,

> Wrong as per above.

See URL.

> Most spammers don't care about rejects.  They really don't.

Good!  Then they won't bother cleaning their lists, and my scheme will work.

> Hell, even some legitimate emailers don't notice rejects and never clean
> bogus addresses.

Then this punishes them too -- good.

--
David.
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:39:50 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> > I believe that even that one-time price is sufficiently high to deter
> > a lot of spammers.

> forgive me if I'm skeptical.

You're forgiven.  But it's worth a shot.

> > Furthermore, the system can be tuned.

> you're still trying to evaluate messages based on some criteria that
> have nothing to do with whether the recipient wants it or not.

Well, it is *impossible* to tell if the recipient wants a message or
not.  So if that's the only measure we can use, we might as well quit
right now.  I don't know if I want a message or not until I've read it,
and by then it's too late.  And even if I didn't want it, it doesn't
mean the other recipients didn't either.

> > This does, as you say, hurt infrequent mailers.  That's an unavoidable
> > side-effect.

> we can certainly avoid it by not using this scheme.

Fine.  What do you suggest instead?  People already use a lot more
brute-force approaches with a lot worse side-effects, so I think you
are simply being disagreeable.

> > That's true, but forcing any kind of detectable behaviour onto
> > spammers is a good thing.

> not if it's a waste of effort.

It's not a waste of effort even if it only reduces bandwidth from
bounced message bodies.

--
David.
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> > we can certainly avoid it by not using this scheme.
> 
> Fine.  What do you suggest instead?  

I suggest we stop trying to decide which scheme to use, and try to
confine our immediate activitiy to 

 People already use a lot more
> brute-force approaches with a lot worse side-effects, so I think you
> are simply being disagreeable.
> 
> > > That's true, but forcing any kind of detectable behaviour onto
> > > spammers is a good thing.
> 
> > not if it's a waste of effort.
> 
> It's not a waste of effort even if it only reduces bandwidth from
> bounced message bodies.
> 
> --
> David.


-- 
"Of course the people don't want war.  But after all it is the leaders
of the country who determine the policy, and it is always a simple 
matter to drag the people along.  All you have to do is tell them they
are being attacked, and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism
and exposing the country to danger... It works the same way in any
country."

- Hermann Goering, Nuremburg, 1947.
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:54:24 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> I don't think there's a simple answer.

Of course not.  I don't think there's any answer at all, if by
"answer" we mean something automatic that stops almost all spam with
almost no bad side effects.

>  I think we need a combination of

> - a way to find out whether a message is sent by someone who has
>   a history of spamming, a history of not spamming, or no history

That would be nice.  I have no idea how to do this.  As you said,
it's easy to change sender address, Web address, etc.  How do you
know who to attach the history to?

[...]

> - a way for recipients to indicate that mail meeting certain criteria
>   that they specify should not be sent to them (because it will get
>   bounced or discarded anyway)

But this requires cooperation from the sender, or else a level of AI
to analyze messages that I think is simply impossible.  It's safe to
assume that spammers will go out of their way to be uncooperative.  I
think schemes that can detect this kind of wilful lack of cooperation
are good candidates for partial solutions.

--
David.
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David F. Skoll wrote:
> On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Chris Lewis wrote:

>>Sorry, wrong.  All bad address removal requires is spamware that
>>understands SMTP error codes.  No reverse channel of any kind required.

> Unless your recipient is running MS Exchange:
> 
> http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;304897
> 
> or happens to have a Yahoo or AOL account (Yahoo and AOL do not fail
> bad addresses at RCPT time.)  I'd imagine this would cover a large
> class of spam victims.

But no means all, nor, can we guarantee that they will always be that 
way.  Given evidence of our spamtrap, it appears to be MSN that's the 
only bouncer that "stands out".  Have seen few, if any, AOL blowback in 
our spamtrap.

>>Most spammers don't care about rejects.  They really don't.

> Good!  Then they won't bother cleaning their lists, and my scheme will work.

Except for the difficulty of associating From: x@y, IP: 1.2.3.4 with the 
same spam from a@b, IP: 4.3.2.1.

 >> Hell, even some legitimate emailers don't notice rejects and never
 >> clean bogus addresses.

 > Then this punishes them too -- good.

Iffen you can make the associations (which you can't) it'll still get 
you into trouble.

Case in point: us. Anyone sending, say, a mailing list to our users, 
with a 6 month gap, will see a 40-60% bounce rate. :-(



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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 09:46:09 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>


> > I guess I shouldn't have used the V-word when talking about spam on
> > the IRTF's mailing list about spam.
>
> > sheesh!--talk about utterly lame and misguided spam filters.
>
> But in the case of the V word, it works. ...

I wonder if you'd say that if your employer were in the drug industry.


> IETF mailing lists are particularly prone to high volumes of spam. I for 
> one am particularly glad that they're moving to filters.  Takes a _huge_ 
> load of end-user complaints off _my_ head, as well as those of my 
> colleagues running IETF mailing lists of their own.
> ...

There are other things the IETF lists should do instead.  To start,
they should rejectm mail with MIME content headers declaring mail is
not English, and specifically reject JP, KR, and GB character sets.

They should probably also reject any MIME multipart mail, except that
that would not only reject HTML junk but also signed messages. 
On the other hand, the messages with 5 KBytes of signature are at best
irritating.

I think they should also use the DCC to reject all bulk mail, but
that's probably only my bias speaking.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 17:13:14 +0000 (GMT)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, don_zawada@baxter.com wrote:

> I feel this is a worthy suggestion.  We have multiple layers of SPAM
> fighting tools and it would be a benefit if they all played nice together.

That's what SpamAssassin is for - its a spam fighting tool aggregation 
system.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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> From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>

> > That's a dangerous assertion to make to the person who invented DCC.
> > Because he can prove otherwise.
>
> I'd like to see that proof.

See http://www.dcc-servers.net/dcc/graphs/  
There are outfits pushing lots of msgs through DCC clients.
The network is seeing nearly 20 M msgs/day.  The major costs are disk
bandwidth and memory for the DCC servers, not CPU cycles on any modern CPU.


> It's very easy to prove that any (useful) checksum algorithm can be
> thwarted.

In theory, yes.  In practice, that has not been true since I started
compute spam checksums to prove that that is right and Paul Vixie was
wrong half a dozen years ago.  Instead I proved that he is right in
practice.


>            Any useful checksum algorithm must produce different
> results for "substantially different" messages.  Furthermore, you can
> examine the algorithm to see what it considers "substantially
> different", and write a generator to make substantially-different
> messages.  You can do this (for example) by taking your archive of
> received mail from the last 5 years and adding random paragraphs from
> legitimate mail messages to your spam.

That last sentence is not necessarily true, depending on the nature of
the fuzzy checksum.

However, please let's not talk about ways to defeat specific checksum
systems, unless you are a spammer, and in that case I trust you'll be
unsubscribed by the management.  There's no profit in making more work
for those of us who tweak our checksums to counter the new tactics of
spammers.  For example, as those who've been watching spam know, a
recent cycle of that involves <!--HTML comments-->.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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> >  I think we need a combination of
> 
> > - a way to find out whether a message is sent by someone who has
> >   a history of spamming, a history of not spamming, or no history
> 
> That would be nice.  I have no idea how to do this.  As you said,
> it's easy to change sender address, Web address, etc.  How do you
> know who to attach the history to?

sigh.   I really think we need to be talking more in generalities at
this point, rather than reviewing detailed proposals.  and since the
details are important, I don't think this can be evaluated without
supplying the details.  

also, I think we need to get to the point that we can look at the
variety of ideas and brainstorm about how to combine them effectively,
and we can't do that as long as people are trying to champion their
proposals.  (I suppose shooting them down doesn't help either, though.)


> > - a way for recipients to indicate that mail meeting certain
> > criteria
> >   that they specify should not be sent to them (because it will get
> >   bounced or discarded anyway)
> 
> But this requires cooperation from the sender, 

no it just requires cooperation from upstream mail servers.  ISPs don't
want to pay for bandwidth or server cycles that won't be used.  if they
can find out that lots of recipients don't want from big@boss.com,
(or some other criteria, this is just a handy example)
they probably won't mind not delivering that mail to those recipients.

Keith
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 I do it the same way.
> 
>   Let me re-phrase that:
> 
>     "People need to be able to send email from anywhere, to anyone,
>      using any email address they choose."
> 
>   I don't think that's a good idea.

the people who need to do this don't care whether you think it's a good
idea or not.

the place where you happened to be connected to the network has nothing
to do with your identity.  to the extent that there is a correlation
now, it will get less useful as time goes on, because networks are
becoming more diverse.

>  I can't drive 200 MPH on city streets, much as I may like to.

driving 200 miles per hour causes problems.  submitting mail from random
places on the net does not.

>   There are technical solutions to this problem.  Authenticated SMTP
> exists, and should be used.
> 
>   It's ugly to to create hacks to work around the fact that people are
> unwilling to use existing protocols.  It just makes the problem worse.

you have it backwards.  authenticated smtp is a clean solution; tying
identity to network location is a hack.

Keith
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 09:53:33 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>

> David F. Skoll wrote:

> ...
> Most spammers don't care about rejects.  They really don't.
>
> Really.  Truly.
> ...

Certainly "many" spammers don't care about rejects, but "most" is
not supported by the evidence.  It's possible that most spammer
don't care about rejects, but unless you have numbers, let's please
limit the over generalizations.

In line with your point about computing "false positive," how do you
define "most spammers"?  By messages transmitted?  Warm spammer bodies?
Domain names?  Obvious aliases but that you've not yet related to other
obvious aliases?  Spam in your personal mailbox?   

As I keep saying, there are only a few serious spammers, but they
are quite varied.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 08:40:59 -0800 (PST)



-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1


> POP-before-smtp solves this quite well, stands up to analysis.
>
> if not, use AT&T or whatever it's called. They have POPs in every country, and
> support pages in every language. This is not a particularly
> compelling argument.

Not everyone has such a choice of internet providers. There are
still some places in the world with telco monopolies, and even
here in the US there are rural areas without many choices. And
why should I be required to use XYZ provider so I can get access
in one other country for a short vacation every year?

I know people who use those $9-a-month internet services quite
happily, but who might occasionally travel to places where they
are not available. Why should they pay twice as much for the
privilege of using a mail relay a few times a year?

> Source IP is still on there even with the most sloppy remailers these days.

Not all applications require cryptographic levels of anonymity.
Maybe I just don't want to make it obvious to Customer X that
I am on good enough terms with Customer Y to use the latter's
SMTP server. (Perhaps Customer Y won't let me, anyway.)

> Not compelling at all. If the relay is at all responsible, the source IP is
> on there just the same. If the sender is a member of a large ISP (e.g.  even a
> cable modem user) then the message is pooled with millions... no anonymity
> benefit whatever.

There is a difference between the mail header saying the message
came from CustomerX.com and the mail header saying the message
came from IP address 192.168.1.1, especially if the IP address is
from a pool of dynamically assigned addresses. The level of
privacy required for some purposes is different from that required
for other purposes.

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Version: GnuPG v1.0.7 (GNU/Linux)

iD8DBQE+Zig83fFKt0vOYhYRAtHhAKCcLmGyVE/Zpy6VwX5V5aR1V52ErwCgwuAA
pIZ0YJbLF1+Te716I6l0vyI=
=ICse
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(re-send with proper return address.  Changing domains is so traumatic))

Matt Sergeant wrote:
> I'm new on the list so forgive me if this has been mentioned already (the 
> archives don't seem complete).
> 
> It seems to me that sender pays means the third world gets excluded from 
> email communication. Whether it's actual money or if it's just CPU cycles, 
> that model simply doesn't work for a group of people trying to communicate 
> effectively with "richer" nations. You might as well just use 
> http://www.blackholes.us/

not true.  If you design the sender pays system correctly, even weak machines
can participate.  In the camram model, only the first couple of messages have
"high-cost" Stamps.  Every other message to a known recipient or from a known
recipient comes at a much lower cost.

---eric



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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:58:48 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Chris Lewis wrote:

> Which isn't hard.  If you refuse to get your fingers dirty, you just
> have to download one of the open relay/proxy blacklists...  But if you
> don't mind getting your fingers dirty, just point a scanner at Brazil.
> Thousands within a few hours.

OK.

> We can already see the spammers doing this.  My autobitch bot routinely
> shows me specific spams that have been sent from several hundred or even
> a thousand different IPs in one day.  And this is the viewpoint from
> just _one_ MTA...

I see that ocasionally also (not several hundred, though!).
Nevertheless, I think my scheme is worth doing.  Anything that forces
a certain kind of behavior on spammers is good.  If they're forced to
use open relays and proxies to send spam to avoid being marked as a
person with a bad list, then it makes RBL's that blacklist open
relays, proxies, and dial-up blocks more valuable.

We need a broad-spectrum multi-faceted approach.

--
David.
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David F. Skoll wrote:
> On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Chris Lewis wrote:

>>We can already see the spammers doing this.  My autobitch bot routinely
>>shows me specific spams that have been sent from several hundred or even
>>a thousand different IPs in one day.  And this is the viewpoint from
>>just _one_ MTA...

> I see that ocasionally also (not several hundred, though!).
> Nevertheless, I think my scheme is worth doing.  Anything that forces
> a certain kind of behavior on spammers is good.  If they're forced to
> use open relays and proxies to send spam to avoid being marked as a
> person with a bad list, then it makes RBL's that blacklist open
> relays, proxies, and dial-up blocks more valuable.

> We need a broad-spectrum multi-faceted approach.

I agree.  When presented in that manner as being part of an overall 
technique, it's worth a try.  But I don't have my hopes up, except in 
the case of static spammers (eg: Marin/Lauderdale.net) which you should 
blackhole via SBL or local blacklist anyway.

However, do realize that open relays/proxies/socks/dialup-block RBLs 
have difficulties of their own.  Perhaps the most important being that 
the first three generally lag closure by quite a bit, and are thus 
subject to problems about staleness of information.

I raise the latter, not because it's necessarily a show stopper (it 
isn't for us), but the factor _is_ there.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 12:18:44 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> sigh.   I really think we need to be talking more in generalities at
> this point, rather than reviewing detailed proposals.

OK.

Then I think it is useful to research ways to follow and summarize the
flow of mail on the entire Internet.  We need to figure out how to
collect statistics from a large proportion of MTA's in a way that
doesn't grind the system to a halt.  We need to work out what
statistics we want to collect, and (most important) whether or not any
of these statistics can be analyzed to distinguish spam runs from
legitimate bulk mailings.

It would be a bonus if the collected statistics preserved privacy of
senders and recipients as much as possible, and didn't require
disclosure of message bodies.

--
David.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts 
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 07:27:47 -0500

Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu> wrote:
> >     "People need to be able to send email from anywhere, to anyone,
> >      using any email address they choose."
> > 
> >   I don't think that's a good idea.
> 
> the people who need to do this don't care whether you think it's a good
> idea or not.

  My statement may have been unclear.  I agree they need to send
email. I don't agree that they need to be the SMTP originator, and to
connect to any SMTP destination.

  Authenticated SMTP allows them to relay via a well-known home
server.  HTTPS allows them to tunnel that traffic through broken
filters at remote sites.

> driving 200 miles per hour causes problems.  submitting mail from random
> places on the net does not.

  I disagree completely, and I won't argue about it.  SPAM is a DDoS
attack, originating from SMTP senders with random IP's.  That's a
problem.

  If getting rid of the "random SMTP sender" problem means that the
roaming user is required to use a home server, then that's fine.  It
stops the spammer, and has little cost to the roaming user.

> you have it backwards.  authenticated smtp is a clean solution; tying
> identity to network location is a hack.

  Hmm.. I don't think I wanted to tie identity to network location.

  If a user from your domain is roaming, and wants to send email, I
don't see why it's *my* problem to authenticate him.  Your laziness is
requiring me to:

    - allow SMTP from any IP
    - allow those people to claim to be anyone
    - allow those people to send to any of my users

  That looks a *whole* lot like spam to me.  I'm inclined to
bit-bucket your roaming users into the same garbage bin as spammers,
because I *can't tell them apart*.

  In contrast, if I can guarantee that:

    - SMTP comes only from machines which *intend* to send SMTP
    - DNS for a domain tell you which machines intend to send SMTP
    - email from users at a domain originates only from SMTP servers
      for that domain

  Then that looks like a pretty good solution to 99.9% of the spam
problem.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 12:31:24 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> I have had technical support people at bulk mailer providers tell me
> that they are not allowed to prune bounces out of lists because
> marketing doesn't want to tell the customer that the list just shrank

Well, they *deserve* to be punished, IMO.

> Oh please.  Not poisoning.  Just what we wanted.  More bandwidth use.

> Every  one of those poisoned message gets an attempted delivery.
> Every one generates a bounce.

Not necessarily; see Chris Lewis's post earlier.

> Every bounce tries to go somewhere else.  Have you ever been the
> return address on a spam mailing?

Yes.  It's not fun.  But I do not think poisoning address lists will
make all that much difference.

> You  want to see your mail server go to its knees?

It's a risk I face whether we poison lists or not.

> Poisoning spam lists is just contributing to the spam-as-DoS problem.

I don't think it makes that much difference; people change e-mail
addresses all the time.

> And God-forbid your poisoner uses an address that is
> fake today, but real tomorrow.

Ah, no; a responsible poisoner only releases poisoned addresses under
a domain he/she owns.  You have a point there.

--
David.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 12:38:04 -0500
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Keith Moore wrote:
>>>>Any consent has to be given from the receipient to the sender,
>>>>and should be non-transferable and revokable at any time.

>>>no, that's clearly unworkable.

>>Could you be a bit more specific ?

> sigh.  I could, but it's probably just a rathole.

I hope not ;-)

> any mechanism has problems and limitations.  I don't think we're going
> to find any single mechanism, or even type of mechanism, that satisfies
> everyone.  nor do I think it's in scope for this group to try do so.

I don't think, for consent per-se, that we have to find a single 
mechanism or classes of mechanism that works all the time everywhere. 
But at the conceptual level, being able to express and enforce _somehow_:

   Any consent has to be given from the receipient to the sender,
   and should be non-transferable and revokable at any time.

is critical.

Anything else just means you'll be spammed to death.  Or e-mail dies. 
Or both.

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Date: 5 Mar 2003 17:47:39 +0000

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 11:13:07AM -0500, David F. Skoll allegedly wrote:

> It is quite expensive to gather a large set of open relays.  If you're
> sending out 500K messages, and you want to limit it to 1,000
> messages/IP, you need to find 500 open relays.
> 
> Also, a lot of spammers are pretty unsophisticated and send from DSL
> or cable-modem lines.  This scheme would get them pretty fast.
>
> We need experiments to tell for sure.

No we don't. Plenty of people on this list, such as myself, are on the
end of systems that routinely get hit by thousands of Open Proxies per
day. (Open Relays btw are currently rarely used by spammers in
comparison).

I can tell you as a fact that spammers do have large OP lists and
routinely use them. There are companies/people that make a living out
of making these lists and selling s/w that uses them. send-safe.com is
just one very public example of that. All the spammer does is pay the
bucks to send-safe and he gets a regular feed of fresh OPs from the
send-safe mothership.

(Talk about dynamic. Send-safe were dumped by their Russian hosters
earlier this week and now they pop up in the UK).


Regards.
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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
cc: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] filtering at connect time
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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> 
> it's a pain in the wazoo to have to change your SMTP server every time
> you connect to a different network.  
> 

There is something to this line of argument. However necessary the closing
of open relays is (and I agree that it is), none of the methods for
solving the roaming user problem is a easy as it should be. Authentication
(without plaintext password) is quite complex at the MTA, and not default
at the MUA.  SMTP after POP is complex at the MTA, especially if POP and
SMTP occur on different servers. Some of this will cure itself in the
fullness of time, as these procedures become widely adopted. They don't
need to be hard.

I think a simple standard could eliminate the pain of changing smtp hosts 
for each ISP used.

Isn't there an RFC that suggests "mail" as the hostname for the SMTP
server? I seem to remember that, but it is hard to search for such a
common word, and I can't find it now. In any case, if each ISP established
a CNAME of "mail" that accepted local mail for relay, users could just
put that in the smtp server field of their MUA, and could leave it
no matter what ISP they were connecting through. The resolver on
the personal computer would add the correct local domain. No protocol
change at all.

Of course, the ISP might need a lot of CNAMES, if it had lots
of subdomains, such as mail.ne.mediaone.net, mail.nw.mediaone.net, etc.




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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
References: <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303050925440.2189@shishi.roaringpenguin.com> <200303051523.h25FNx7p019253@calcite.rhyolite.com> <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303051046320.2189@shishi.roaringpenguin.com> <200303051552.h25FqJmf017592@new.agentzero.com>
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 11:51:27 -0500
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Jim Youll wrote:

> I don't see that "intent" of the sender is really a factor one way or 
> another.

> It's the net outcome that is at issue with spam.

The intent of the sender is what determines it to be spam - unsolicited 
bulk email.  Spamming is a behaviour, not a content or an origin.

The net outcome of a spammer's actions is why spam is bad and this 
mailing list exists.


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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 13:05:13 -0500

Hello Colleagues,
 
 I truly do not think that there is a "Magic bullet" to kill all spam.
However, I think that there are definite things that can be changed and
introduced to make spamming a lot harder to accomplish successfully and much
easier to identify and control.

 When spamming becomes "hard work" for the spammer, the cost vs. profit
ratio for a spammer gets mighty thin and makes spamming no longer an easy
way to earn extra gas money.

 As someone who has blocked over 1.1 billion spam messages last year at
49.8tb, I have come up with a few things that I would like to see discussed
or implemented in some fashion.

 I call it "Spam herding", the migration of spammers off of legitimate ISP's
and networks, to more "rogue" networks and ISP's. Once there, they can be
penned, trapped and killed. (skinning is preferred by me)

 If they don't do it already, legitimate ISP's should close port 25. Route
all SMTP traffic through their own servers and staff their abuse departments
with enough people empowered to take direct and immediate action in spamming
issues and in a timely fashion.

 ISP's should track credit cards. If an account is disabled for abuse
(investigated and found to have merit) this credit card should be flagged by
the ISP. All accounts established and/or associated with this card disabled
and no further orders from this card should be taken.

 Charge for overuse of SMTP, over a certain level, for commercial email.
Want to send 100,000 commercial emails? Charge a penny a piece over 10,000.
This will not hurt list-serves as they are not commercial in nature and John
Q. Public wont send 100,000 emails in his life.
 If you want to send legitimate commercial email, it is a value add service
and should be charged for accordingly.

 A DNS type addition would be very helpful.
 Spammer connects as [196.68.1.12](example address only) and says "mail
from: mom@momandpop.com" 
Currently doing a reverse lookup or momandpop.com would show receiving SMTP
servers but not authorized sending servers. 196.68.1.12 shows up as a valid
address but is in no way associated with momandpop.com. Although this domain
is valid to the ISP, there is no way currently to specifically validate the
true identity of the sender from the "mail from:" address alone.
 The addition of authorized SMTP servers IPs or IP ranges in the DNS record
for momandpop.com (I will call it a PMX record) would allow a reverse look
up of the "mail from:" address to the authorized ip or ip range. So a lookup
of let say, spammer@yahoo.com, from a connecting host of 195.1.2.3, the
reverse lookup of PMX would show that the authorized servers for Yahoo.com
are IP range 200.1.1.1 /32. This connection could therefore be rejected as
an unauthorized sender.
This would require a major change in DNS and an additional RFC, but, there
is no way to do what we need to do completely painlessly.

 A trusted and well respected (FREE) service for warehousing spam and
publish spammer hosts and ip's. (Not going to comment on this one at all)

 
 Once all this is in place, the spammers will be uprooted and we will be
herding them to servers and services that will do their work for them. These
servers are rouge and will be killed one by one.
 Will big (short-sighted) ISP's be hurt? Maybe, but the change is the right
thing to do and should be forced via RFC.


Regards, 
Damon Sauer
postmaster

"If I had a penny for every spam message I ever blocked- I would have ALL
the pennies!"


*****
"The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to
which it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary, and/or
privileged material.  Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use
of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or
entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited.  If you received
this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from all
computers."
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To: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 13:00:28 -0500

At 11:12 AM -0500 3/5/03, Chris Lewis wrote:
>Sorry, wrong.  All bad address removal requires is spamware that 
>understands SMTP error codes.  No reverse channel of any kind 
>required.

You are assuming that the connection is directly to the validating 
mail server.  That is certainly not the case with a secondary MX, and 
it's often not the case with large systems.

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 13:01:53 -0500

At 11:13 AM -0500 3/5/03, David F. Skoll wrote:
>It is quite expensive to gather a large set of open relays.  If you're
>sending out 500K messages, and you want to limit it to 1,000
>messages/IP, you need to find 500 open relays.

I know an ISP which has blocked over 10,000 IP addresses that have 
sent test probes against his server.  This in a matter of just a few 
months.  As soon as he blocks one, the spammer starts using a 
different one.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: "Barclay, Robert" <Robert.Barclay@experianems.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: consent expression (was RE: [Asrg] ASRG next steps)
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Sorry if all of this has already been covered. I am just beginning to go
through the archives of these discussions to gte up to speed. It is kind of
ironic how much email can be generated by a discussion ABOUT spam. 
In an attempt to step back from specific implementation proposals for a
minute and here is an attempt to describe what a solution might include
based on the charter of this specific group.
1) Authentication/non-repudiation of the sender of an email. For individuals
or very low volume email it might be enough for the ISP to verify that the
sender listed in the envelope really is who they say they are (which implies
that open relays become basically impossible to manage). For larger volumes
of email from a specific envelope sender such as mailing lists, purchase
confirmations, etc.. this may mean involvement and verification against some
trusted certification authority(ies).
Anonymous email would still be possible, but individual senders would get to
decide whether or not to accept unverifiable senders.
2) Some expression of "mailing type" from the sender. Part of validating
that a sender is who they say they are would also be validating that they
don't lie about what kind of email they send. On the recipient level you
could decide not only whether you want to accept a given mailing type, but
whether you trust the certifying authority to actually certify a specific
sender.
3) The system itself should be non-judgemental. Basically whatever is put in
place should not be making decisiosn for me about whether a piece of mail is
good or bad. That should be left either to the ISP and ultimately to the
individual email recipient to decide what types of email they want to
accept. To meet this goal the system should be a means to convey the
information necessary for those groups to make meaningful decisions
4) The ability on the receiving side to "express consent" in a way that
validates against the information in #2.


In this world basically the flow of a piece of email would be:
I am a sender. I send a piece of email and in some way communicate what it
is I am sending.
If I doing the actual sending myself (so I am someone running my own
mailserver) I connect to destination mail transfer agent.
I announce who I am along with some means to verify that information (either
in the helo or the envelope)
I announce what I am sending and to whom.
Recipient mail transfer agent optionally validates my identity and
determines whether they trust me to honestly describe what mailing type I am
sending.
Recipient mail transfer agent optionally decides whether the mailing type is
one that they will accept.
If the mail is accepted, this same information is passed along to
destination user so that if the end user has their own rules their mail user
agent can apply them.

This flow is basically based on one evening of throwing away everything I
know about spam filters and trying to create a data flow consistent with
this groups charter. It is admittedly shallow on details and is only
intended as a talking point for a more general discussion of what goals a
solution should meet to be considered.

Regards,
Robert


-----Original Message-----
From: Paul Judge [mailto:paul.judge@ciphertrust.com]
Sent: Tuesday, March 04, 2003 4:52 PM
To: 'Vernon Schryver'; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: consent expression (was RE: [Asrg] ASRG next steps)



> 
> What is "consent expression"?  

Consent expression means that someone can state which communication they
wish to receive or not to receive. This allows a very granular definition by
each user(individual or organization).


> If it is not a trivial boolean like 
> "I do [not] like spam," how can it not be a magnet for abuse ranging
> from minor privacy violations to more spam to literal visits from
> death squads reducing their political enemies?

trivial boolean? spam can not be expressed as a boolean. We realized that
the definition is inconsistent and people in this community have spent many
years debating "unsolicited bulk" versus "unsolicited commercial bulk"
versus a host of other definitions seeking some form of optimal cover set of
everyone's personal definition. The problem is that while these broad
definitions are good, they are not perfect. There are many messages that
people consider spam that do not fit these definitions (this leads to false
negatives). Likewise there are messages that fall within these definitions
that are not considered spam (this leads to false positives). Spam is in
many cases an individual preference. It is a subjective opinion of unwanted
messages. One approach is to continue to try to confine the definition to
one that covers only the subset of what everyone considers spam without
including anyone's wanted messages. A different approach is to step away
from the binary decision of spam and non-spam and realize that communication
can be more granularly defined. For example, "product offers", "chain
letters", "mailing lists", "newsletters", "greeting cards", "fradulent
offers", "unauthenticated messages", "unverifiable messages", etc. By
developing a robust categorization of messages, we can allow users to
express consent for certain types of communication. This allows the common
lack-of-consent policies to be implemented as close to the source as
possible. From there, we require an architecture that can support these
policies. This architecture may very well be a combination of current and
new approaches.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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charset=3Diso-8859-1">
<META NAME=3D"Generator" CONTENT=3D"MS Exchange Server version =
5.5.2653.12">
<TITLE>RE: consent expression (was RE: [Asrg] ASRG next steps)</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Sorry if all of this has already been covered. I am =
just beginning to go through the archives of these discussions to gte =
up to speed. It is kind of ironic how much email can be generated by a =
discussion ABOUT spam. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>In an attempt to step back from specific =
implementation proposals for a minute and here is an attempt to =
describe what a solution might include based on the charter of this =
specific group.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>1) Authentication/non-repudiation of the sender of an =
email. For individuals or very low volume email it might be enough for =
the ISP to verify that the sender listed in the envelope really is who =
they say they are (which implies that open relays become basically =
impossible to manage). For larger volumes of email from a specific =
envelope sender such as mailing lists, purchase confirmations, etc.. =
this may mean involvement and verification against some trusted =
certification authority(ies).</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Anonymous email would still be possible, but =
individual senders would get to decide whether or not to accept =
unverifiable senders.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>2) Some expression of &quot;mailing type&quot; from =
the sender. Part of validating that a sender is who they say they are =
would also be validating that they don't lie about what kind of email =
they send. On the recipient level you could decide not only whether you =
want to accept a given mailing type, but whether you trust the =
certifying authority to actually certify a specific sender.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>3) The system itself should be non-judgemental. =
Basically whatever is put in place should not be making decisiosn for =
me about whether a piece of mail is good or bad. That should be left =
either to the ISP and ultimately to the individual email recipient to =
decide what types of email they want to accept. To meet this goal the =
system should be a means to convey the information necessary for those =
groups to make meaningful decisions</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>4) The ability on the receiving side to &quot;express =
consent&quot; in a way that validates against the information in =
#2.</FONT>
</P>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>In this world basically the flow of a piece of email =
would be:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>I am a sender. I send a piece of email and in some =
way communicate what it is I am sending.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>If I doing the actual sending myself (so I am =
someone running my own mailserver) I connect to destination mail =
transfer agent.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>I announce who I am along with some means to verify =
that information (either in the helo or the envelope)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>I announce what I am sending and to whom.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Recipient mail transfer agent optionally validates =
my identity and determines whether they trust me to honestly describe =
what mailing type I am sending.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Recipient mail transfer agent optionally decides =
whether the mailing type is one that they will accept.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>If the mail is accepted, this same information is =
passed along to destination user so that if the end user has their own =
rules their mail user agent can apply them.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>This flow is basically based on one evening of =
throwing away everything I know about spam filters and trying to create =
a data flow consistent with this groups charter. It is admittedly =
shallow on details and is only intended as a talking point for a more =
general discussion of what goals a solution should meet to be =
considered.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Regards,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Robert</FONT>
</P>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>-----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>From: Paul Judge [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:paul.judge@ciphertrust.com">mailto:paul.judge@ciphertrust=
.com</A>]</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Sent: Tuesday, March 04, 2003 4:52 PM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>To: 'Vernon Schryver'; asrg@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Subject: consent expression (was RE: [Asrg] ASRG =
next steps)</FONT>
</P>
<BR>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; What is &quot;consent expression&quot;?&nbsp; =
</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Consent expression means that someone can state which =
communication they</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>wish to receive or not to receive. This allows a =
very granular definition by</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>each user(individual or organization).</FONT>
</P>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; If it is not a trivial boolean like </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; &quot;I do [not] like spam,&quot; how can it =
not be a magnet for abuse ranging</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; from minor privacy violations to more spam to =
literal visits from</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; death squads reducing their political =
enemies?</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>trivial boolean? spam can not be expressed as a =
boolean. We realized that</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>the definition is inconsistent and people in this =
community have spent many</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>years debating &quot;unsolicited bulk&quot; versus =
&quot;unsolicited commercial bulk&quot;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>versus a host of other definitions seeking some form =
of optimal cover set of</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>everyone's personal definition. The problem is that =
while these broad</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>definitions are good, they are not perfect. There =
are many messages that</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>people consider spam that do not fit these =
definitions (this leads to false</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>negatives). Likewise there are messages that fall =
within these definitions</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>that are not considered spam (this leads to false =
positives). Spam is in</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>many cases an individual preference. It is a =
subjective opinion of unwanted</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>messages. One approach is to continue to try to =
confine the definition to</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>one that covers only the subset of what everyone =
considers spam without</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>including anyone's wanted messages. A different =
approach is to step away</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>from the binary decision of spam and non-spam and =
realize that communication</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>can be more granularly defined. For example, =
&quot;product offers&quot;, &quot;chain</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>letters&quot;, &quot;mailing lists&quot;, =
&quot;newsletters&quot;, &quot;greeting cards&quot;, =
&quot;fradulent</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>offers&quot;, &quot;unauthenticated messages&quot;, =
&quot;unverifiable messages&quot;, etc. By</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>developing a robust categorization of messages, we =
can allow users to</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>express consent for certain types of communication. =
This allows the common</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>lack-of-consent policies to be implemented as close =
to the source as</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>possible. From there, we require an architecture =
that can support these</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>policies. This architecture may very well be a =
combination of current and</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>new approaches.</FONT>
<BR><FONT =
SIZE=3D2>_______________________________________________</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Asrg mailing list</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Asrg@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2><A =
HREF=3D"https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg" =
TARGET=3D"_blank">https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg</A></FONT>=

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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
cc: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 12:22:40 -0500 (EST)



On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> 
> so the spammer pays that price once to clean up his list, and after
> that, he only gets a few bounces back each time.
> 

If the spammer is using an open relay, the relay pays the price. Actually,
I think that is good, it will encourage them to close the relay.



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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 12:07:27 -0500

At 7:20 AM -0800 3/5/03, Michael Marking wrote:
>Homeless people, human rights workers, members of abused
>social groups, etc should be able to send mail without
>establishing an "identity". (And intended recipients should
>be able to refuse such mail.)

In many cases those people may want a reliable and verifiable 
identity.  They just don't necessarily want it traceable to a 
physical person.  This could be analogous to a self-signed 
certificate vs. one from a bonded provider.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 17:34:08 +0000 (GMT)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Chris Lewis wrote:

> David F. Skoll wrote:
> > On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> > 
> > 
> >>I disagree, because many spammers work hard to remove bad addresses
> >>from their target lists.  Other spammers don't, but still others work
> >>hard to honor "unsubscribes" or "removes."
> 
> > In order to remove bad addresses (as Justin Mason pointed out), or honor
> > unsubscribes, spammers would need to supply either a valid return address
> > or a Web page somewhere that's trackable.
> 
> Sorry, wrong.  All bad address removal requires is spamware that 
> understands SMTP error codes.  No reverse channel of any kind required.

Not all mail goes direct to a server that can issue a 5xx if its an 
invalid user. If it goes through a service like MessageLabs' it gets 
through the first connection just fine. You may get a bounce from us 
though at delivery time.

Matt.

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To: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:56:14 -0500

At 9:28 PM -0800 3/4/03, Brad Templeton wrote:
>Surely no more than a couple of ISPs get that sort of volume?

Keep in mind that spammers don't check bounces (and neither do a lot 
of "legitimate" bulk mailers).  Add in subscriber churn.  I seriously 
doubt you could subscribe at any ISP with the name "john" and not 
immediately start receiving spam.

So you need to measure two things.  Percentage of traffic to valid 
email addresses, and overall mail to invalid addresses. The latter is 
poisoning the email address space.  My domain currently has about a 
dozen valid accounts, and bounces 10,000,000 messages a year 
(doubling every year).  That's an extreme example.  But last summer I 
turned on a domain that had been offline for two years and got 400 
messages in 4 hours.  20% from legitimate companies who had 
apparently been ignoring bounces for two years.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:24:06 -0500

At 11:43 AM +0100 3/5/03, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
>Surprise: That already exists. Many POP providers also offer the
>service of delivering the mail. Authentication is possible through
>either a so called "SMTP after POP" or a simple Password
>authentication in the SMTP protocol, typically the same password as for
>the POP account.

If this were a solution, then ISP's wouldn't be blocking outbound 
SMTP connections.

Since there is no way to tell the difference between an outbound SMTP 
session from a client, and one from a server, your solution provides 
a mechanism for authorized delivery, but does not require it. 
Therefore the user sets up mail broadcaster at some safe location (or 
uses open relays) and sits happily at home using his ISP to send out 
email.  From the ISP's standpoint this looks just like legitimate 
use.  But he's spamming like crazy, and it's the ISP that gets the 
complaints.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Michael Marking <marking@tatanka.com>, Asrg@ietf.org
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 12:24:11 -0500

At 8:40 -0800 3/5/03, Michael Marking wrote:
>Not everyone has such a choice of internet providers. There are
>still some places in the world with telco monopolies, and even
>here in the US there are rural areas without many choices. And
>why should I be required to use XYZ provider so I can get access
>in one other country for a short vacation every year?

I think if you were able to make arrangements for internet access,
you must be conversant enough to read the config page and use the
local SMTP server.

>I know people who use those $9-a-month internet services quite
>happily, but who might occasionally travel to places where they
>are not available. Why should they pay twice as much for the
>privilege of using a mail relay a few times a year?

pop before smpt, no worries

>  > Source IP is still on there even with the most sloppy remailers these days.
>
>Not all applications require cryptographic levels of anonymity.
>Maybe I just don't want to make it obvious to Customer X that
>I am on good enough terms with Customer Y to use the latter's
>SMTP server. (Perhaps Customer Y won't let me, anyway.)

If you're trying to hide that kind of info, either get a VPN or a 
wireless client.
That's an absurd justification for random open relays.

... not to mention that absent policy information, there's no way to 
demonstrate
that an open relay is actually intended for your use at all...

>There is a difference between the mail header saying the message
>came from CustomerX.com and the mail header saying the message
>came from IP address 192.168.1.1, especially if the IP address is
>from a pool of dynamically assigned addresses. The level of
>privacy required for some purposes is different from that required
>for other purposes.

You are totally missing the point that there is nothing added by
embedding an open SMTP server in the middle of this process.
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:50:12 -0500

At 7:01 PM -0500 3/4/03, Alan DeKok wrote:
>   Email from companies I already deal with is a tiny part of the spam
>problem.  Even if every company I did business sent me one spam a day,
>the result would be less than 100 extra messages.  Plus, I know where
>they are, and can physically track them down and yell at them.

Never underestimate the end-user's capability to not understand what 
they are doing.  The things that we call spam, and our capability to 
deal with it, are *very* different from the average user.

When we signed my father up for our alpha service, we discovered that 
he was reporting 90% of his email as spam.  Looking it over it very 
quickly became obvious that he hadn't been unchecking all those 
little "do you want to receive email from us our our obscure 
affiliates" checkboxes when he bought stuff on the web.  He didn't 
understand them or their consequences.  (And in fact, neither would 
you or I, without going off and reading the details of their privacy 
agreements and discovering that this company has N affiliates who 
share it's information.)  So why didn't he just unsubscribe?  Because 
we've all been telling people for years not to use the unsubscribe 
links in spam.  And he couldn't tell which were legit and which were 
not.

A verified sender model would allow us to automatically fix this 
problem, by reliably allowing him to unsubscribe.  Spam services or 
MUAs could use that information and present the option to the user. 
With legal backing, companies that ignored the request could be 
reported for abuse.

Of course, confirmed opt-in would prevent the problem from occurring at all.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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To: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs the third world
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:35:34 -0500

At 11:52 AM +0000 3/5/03, Matt Sergeant wrote:
>I'm new on the list so forgive me if this has been mentioned already (the
>archives don't seem complete).

No kidding.  I looked at the archives and thought, "Boy, this is low 
volume for a list about spam."  Then I got today's email!

>It seems to me that sender pays means the third world gets excluded from
>email communication. Whether it's actual money or if it's just CPU cycles,
>that model simply doesn't work for a group of people trying to communicate
>effectively with "richer" nations. You might as well just use

This is not an obviously solvable problem.  What we love about email 
is that it allows anybody to communicate with anybody on an equal 
basis.  Anyone who argues that we need to move to a sender-pays model 
is going to inherently screw with that beauty.  To strike a balance, 
you need to move the bulk of the cost to bulk senders, and give the 
individuals a free ride.

Spammers will, however, find ways around that.  Even a system in 
which all email is "identified" doesn't prevent people from adopting 
multiple identities.  In addition, spammers may elicit help of 
individuals (willingly or unwillingly).  We've already seen some 
trojan spam software.  And reportedly some "free" porn sites are 
asking their users to periodically type in the text that see in a 
graphic image--an image that they snarfed from the automatic signup 
for a free email account.  (The irony of a computer enlisting the 
help of the distributed computing capabilities of human pattern 
recognition is lovely.)

None of which is to say that we shouldn't use such a model.  Merely 
that we need to figure out what the unintended consequences are, and 
whether the cost of the new model outweighs the cost of the 
consequences.

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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To: "Raymie Stata" <raymie@cs.ucsc.edu>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for source tracking
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:17:59 -0500

At 12:39 AM -0800 3/5/03, Raymie Stata wrote:
>Another dimension of the design space is the use of cryptographic
>signatures versus DNS-mappings to authenticate domains and/or MTAs.
>Rather than debate this issue in the context of specific proposals, it
>may be worthwhile debating it at a more abstract level.
>
>I personally favor cryptographic approaches:

I've just joined, and I did skim the archives first, but I may have 
missed this.  What exactly is meant by DNS-mapping?  Only allowing 
outbound mail with a given from domain from within that domain?  I 
think that's clearly unworkable given how many people send mail 
"from" their primary address while using a secondary.  (A situation 
aggravated by port 25 blocking and, more recently, port 25 hijacking, 
where the connection is transparently routed to the ISP's server.)

Would you see cryptographic domain verification as being something 
where (for example) the sending client or initial MTA would verify 
the from domain by using some embedded cryptographic information in 
the message and comparing it to information retrieved from the domain 
server for that domain?

Note that not all spammers use fake domains.  We ran into one who was 
generating new domain names every week and using those.  We were 
finally able to spot his spam reliably from the headers, but he 
didn't fail any domain forgery tests.

One issue with verification techniques (and this comes from someone 
who normally signs all of his email--just waiting for the PGP Eudora 
plugin to come back), is that the next consequence will be trojans 
and viruses that steal the keys.  Any system in this space should 
have a very simple mechanism for canceling and reissuing keys.  Poor 
ease of use has always been a major factor in keeping signed email 
from wide deployment.  (As attested by my previous comment about the 
Eudora plugin :-).
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 12:21:18 -0500

At 9:03 AM -0500 3/5/03, David F. Skoll wrote:
>1) Spammers want to send out lots of messages cheaply, and don't
>particularly care if any one message gets through.  Legitimate mass
>mailers want all of their messages to get through.

Actually that is different in theory than in practice.

I have had technical support people at bulk mailer providers tell me 
that they are not allowed to prune bounces out of lists because 
marketing doesn't want to tell the customer that the list just shrank 
25% (Not to mention that they are charging per-address, not 
per-delivered-message.)  If they do that, the customer will take 
their business elsewhere, because they don't want to tell *their* 
boss that they don't have nearly as many contacts as they thought. 
They avoid confirmed opt-in for the same reason.

If there were a substantial cost of delivery, or a legal cost for 
screwing up, this would change.  Currently the cost of cleaning a 
list is greater than the cost of sending undeliverable mail or 
quietly unwanted mail; even for legitimate mailers.

>2) This is just a hunch, but I bet it's true:  Spammers probably have a
>higher proportion of bad addresses on their lists than mass-mailers.  We
>can help ensure this by poisoning their lists with web pages of fake
>addresses.

Oh please.  Not poisoning.  Just what we wanted.  More bandwidth use. 
Every  one of those poisoned message gets an attempted delivery. 
Every one generates a bounce.  Every bounce tries to go somewhere 
else.  Have you ever been the return address on a spam mailing?  You 
want to see your mail server go to its knees?

Poisoning spam lists is just contributing to the spam-as-DoS problem. 
Please don't.  And God-forbid your poisoner uses an address that is 
fake today, but real tomorrow.  I don't trust anybody's idea of what 
kind of address is "fake".  Why do you think somewhere.com bounced 
ten million messages last year?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 10:09:33 -0800

Interesting thought...

At 09:03 AM 3/5/2003 -0500, J. Noel Chiappa wrote:
>Huh:
>
>   as e-mail in-boxes get jammed with junk e-mail, IM has become the most
>   reliable way to ensure that an electronic message receives priority
>   attention.
>
>     http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A30944-2003Mar2.html
>
>Can Junk I-M be far behind, then?
>
>         Noel

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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>, Michael Marking <marking@tatanka.com>
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 13:20:41 -0500

At 12:07 -0500 3/5/03, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>At 7:20 AM -0800 3/5/03, Michael Marking wrote:
>>Homeless people, human rights workers, members of abused
>>social groups, etc should be able to send mail without
>>establishing an "identity". (And intended recipients should
>>be able to refuse such mail.)
>
>In many cases those people may want a reliable and verifiable 
>identity.  They just don't necessarily want it traceable to a 
>physical person.  This could be analogous to a self-signed 
>certificate vs. one from a bonded provider.

Web mail services such as Hotmail provide a consistent (pseudonymous 
if desired) identity that's not bound to anything else.

However, the source IP is still on there. I think this anonymity talk 
is a bit of a distraction to the fundamental discussion.
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] filtering at connect time
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> I think a simple standard could eliminate the pain of changing smtp
> hosts for each ISP used.

the SUBMISSION protocol (basically SMTP on another port, but requiring
authentication) is simpler than that.  see RFC 2476.
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To: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
References: <B1F08F445F370846AB7BEE424365F00DCBF465@ctxchg.ciphertrust.com> <20030304205916.56614a9f.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305040008.GB14655@main.templetons.com>
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Brad Templeton wrote:
> The purpose of a definition of spam is to use legal tactics against
> it, typically in contract law, but also possibly in statute.

But that's not what we're defining spam _here_ for. Here we merely need 
a rough working definition so that we know what we're talking about.

Here, a rough working definition of "Unsolicited bulk email" is more 
than satisfactory and can help guide potential solutions.  Because 
"unsolicited" and "bulk" is what is causing the problem we're seeing today.

Whether your practise of sending out party invitations is "actionable 
spam" is quibbling about thresholds, and can be deferred to the point 
where we want to talk about "how much bulk" does the law step in at.

Certainly, while it may be difficult for an individual recipient to 
determine the bulkishness of a specific email message, the spammer 
certainly does, and clearing houses (things similar to SpamCop) can, so 
can the law.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Good versus bad (was Re: RMX Records )
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 04 Mar 2003 20:55:18 MST."
             <200303050355.h253tIVB009502@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 08:29:43 -0500

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> >   If my ISP is under serious attack from spammers, then some level of
> > "good" mail will probably be thrown out with the spam.
> 
> That's wrong, unless mail is a mere frill or recreation for you.

  It's also reality.  The cost of getting 100% accuracy is
prohibitive.

> My personal set of filters have a false positive rate of much less
> than 0.1% or about the normal failure rate of email.

  I thought that's what I was saying...

> People whose livelihoods depend on mail cannot, will not, and do not
> accept false positive rates above 1%.  That you can talk about changing
> the false positive rate by 2% brands you as outside that class.

  I agree completely.  My false positive rate is zero.  As is my false
negative.  As is the total amount of mail I receive at some domains.

  Filtering is a complete waste of time for some domains.  It's
simpler to give up, and walk away from the domain.  If you can live
with filtering, that's nice for you.  But you should also realize that
by some standards, you're not receiving any appreciable amount of
spam.

  Alan DeKok.
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar  5 13:58:32 2003
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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] All mail is anonymous (and, therein lies much of the problem)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 13:38:11 -0500
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    Sometimes, the words we use to discuss a problem can have a big
impact on the way we think about solving it. 
	Often, it is observed that the "From" and other headers in mail
messages can be easily forged. What this technical fact means, when
translated into "Plain Speak" is that:

    All mail is anonymous...

    Since the headers are easily forged, this means that you can't
"trust" anything said in the "From" header. Thus, even when someone
sends an unforged From header, it provides essentially no useful
information on its own. The best you can do with a "From" header on its
own is "white-list" or "black-list" it. For instance, you may regularly
communicate with someone named "Tom Jones" and you may know that you
have not yet received spam from anyone forging the name "Tom Jones."
Knowing this, you might have a policy of opening mail that comes from
"Tom Jones." However, what you're doing here, at best, is playing the
odds and relying on experience with the mail system rather than relying
only on the message received. The "information" you get from the header
isn't so much that it came from Tom Jones, but rather that the From
field is not one that you have seen come from a spammer.
    The situation is much the same with postal mail. With postal mail,
the only identification you have of a sender is what may appear on the
envelope. However, as we learned well during the anthrax scare of last
year, the 'return address' is essentially "information free" in that it
contains no trustworthy information. Some might suggest that you can
compare the return address to the cancellation on the stamp (such
cancellations often identify the post office from which the mail was
sent) however, a policy of always refusing mail whose return address
didn't match the cancellation would not be a good one. Much mail comes
without a cancellation (for instance, commercial mail) and often,
someone will post a letter from a post office not local to the return
address.
	There are, of course, some mail systems that do provide
"trusted" From fields and headers. For instance, systems which rely on
S/MIME or other PKI solutions. I know of no systems for sending postal
mail with a verifiable return address. 
	This business of "anonymous" FROM fields was one of the reasons
why some folk objected to the conversion to SMTP back in the 80's. For
instance, those of us using VMSmail or other Digital email systems
(ALL-IN-1, etc.) had learned the hard way that FROM fields could be
easily forged. This is why our mail systems included both a "FROM" and a
"SENDER" field. The FROM field was provided by the author of the mail
(or their client software) and was easily forged while the "SENDER"
field was inserted by the mail server and identified the account that
had been used to originate the email. The same approach was incorporated
into X.400 mail, the ISO standard. While mail servers could still, of
course, forge their entries, some level of increased trust results in
such systems since there are simply fewer servers in the world and thus
fewer potential message sources that need to be trusted. 
	I believe that an important part of a comprehensive solution to
the spam problem will be to provide effective and efficient methods for
sending messages that are not anonymous. There are many known methods
for doing this. All have positive and negative points. But, one of the
known methods, or one that is yet to be described will need to be chosen
before we have a comprehensive solution to the spam problem. 

		bob wyman



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To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts
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> > driving 200 miles per hour causes problems.  submitting mail from
> > random places on the net does not.
> 
>   I disagree completely, and I won't argue about it.  SPAM is a DDoS
> attack, originating from SMTP senders with random IP's. 

legitimate mail originates from random IPs also. 

>   If getting rid of the "random SMTP sender" problem means that the
> roaming user is required to use a home server, then that's fine.  It
> stops the spammer, and has little cost to the roaming user.

no, it doesn't stop the spammer.  it just makes life harder for
legitimate users.

just because spam is bad doesn't mean it's a good idea to impose any
random and useless barrier on ordinary people's ability to send mail
that someone comes up with.

> > you have it backwards.  authenticated smtp is a clean solution;
> > tying identity to network location is a hack.
> 
>   Hmm.. I don't think I wanted to tie identity to network location.

that's just what happens when you try to make IP addresses significant.

>   If a user from your domain is roaming, and wants to send email, I
> don't see why it's *my* problem to authenticate him. 

you're not authenticating him in any event. source IP addresses are not
authentication.  and domains have nothing to do with IP addresses. 

>   Then that looks like a pretty good solution to 99.9% of the spam
> problem.

only because you haven't thought it through.  many spammers use
throwaway accounts anyway.  the fact that they are using their ISP's
SMTP server to relay spam doesn't keep them from spamming.

Keith
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 05 Mar 2003 05:19:36 EST."
             <20030305051936.55246a31.moore@cs.utk.edu> 
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 08:33:33 -0500

Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu> wrote:
> well, I'm uneasy with the term "consent" anyway.  but part of the problem
> may be that I don't know what the charter means by that.

  I agree completely.  The charter is unclear to me, and I'm not sure
it's even addressing the real issue (as I see it.)

  Some questions:


- Did an ISP consent to have their router/proxy hacked, and used to
  source/relay spam?

- did everyone else on the net consent to accept email from that
  router/proxy?

- why is this sort of behaviour permitted in SMTP?

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Pierre Fortin <pf@pfortin.com>
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Hi,

I'm new to this list; but I've been quietly fighting spam for some time on
my domains.  As a form of introduction, here is what I'm doing to fight
spam, and a simple idea for reducing the spoofed IP attempts.

I realize much may already have been discussed here; but, trying to read
the archives was just too painful, so I decided to jump right in...  :>

Yesterday, got 3 failed attempts and no spam... so my anti-spam measures
seem to be working so far.

My general feelings are that spammers will not follow any rules, except
those they can't circumvent.  So, it's up to me to force the spam attempts
through a mine-field before a message can even start to be delivered... 
any legit mailers that get caught are usually resolved by convincing the
user/ISP to correct their configs...  yes, it *does* work -- sometimes, a
penalty for not correcting when sufficiently warned is required... :^)

My main defenses are:

0. I turn *some* delivery failures into a bounce to the registered owner
of the domain (in one case, the bounces went to the providing telco -- boy
did that one stop fast... :^).  Bouncing is only done as a last resort --
today, I do this with @21cn.com and @cyberproxy.com.  Interestingly, the
latter sent me a couple of msgs claiming that the source was really in
Madrid, Spain with a bogus "that's where we've tracked it to" -- yet,
since implementing my counter-measure, the IP spoofed
checker@cyberproxy.com attempts have virtually stopped...  :>

1. sender must be in DNS -- including reverse lookup
   Large companies like Ameritrade and BellSouth have corrected this,
though slowly, when I used step #0 on them...  :>

2. EHLO/HELO must match

3. valid userids must be used; no long number, etc.

4. using *my* IP/hostname in EHLO/HELO gets bounced with a nasty 550
response.

5. changed default 450 responses to 550 -- this greatly reduced the
retries.

6. rare spam that makes it through now is usually from some DSL user in
.br

7. probably an average of once a week now, my mailer queries an RBL.

8. fixed (non-spoofed) IP addresses which won't give up are a very short
list here:
   211.154.65.253 is the only one permanently blocked in my iptables

9. use of pop-before-smtp

Probably other means that escape me at the moment; but I don't use any
spam filters which work on mail already delivered...  I no longer see
false-positives for me and my users, except those who fail the above
tests...  usually, the senders or their ISPs fix their DNS/mailhost_name
problems...

I have my postfix setup to email me with information on every delivery
failure -- this is currently quite manageable, though a bit of hell for a
while...  even the cron daily failure reports (scanning of logs) are now
very short.

Now that I've said this,  some scumbag will try to swamp me...  :>

Looking forward to some *simple* solutions to the spam problem...

Something I've been thinking about relates to IP spoofers...  in those
cases, the spammer simply continues to blindly send -- it just gets
rejected anyway...  I'm wondering about some "challenge" that any and all
spammer implementations would not be able to get around...  one idea I'm
wondering about is this:  what if my mailer did a temporary (one packet)
partial close of the TCP window (down to some small non-zero value)
forcing the sender to respect it.  Failure to do so, would indicate either
a blind spoofer or broken stack... either way, resulting in an immediate
FIN.

Anyway, just wanted to throw in my experiences to date which are quite
simple, yet quite successful...

HTH,
Pierre (retired)
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In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303051143040.3863@shishi.roaringpenguin.com>; from dfs@roaringpenguin.com on Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 11:47:57AM -0500
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Date: 5 Mar 2003 17:27:42 +0000

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 11:47:57AM -0500, David F. Skoll allegedly wrote:

> > Sorry, wrong.  All bad address removal requires is spamware that
> > understands SMTP error codes.  No reverse channel of any kind required.
> 
> Unless your recipient is running MS Exchange:
> 
> http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;304897
> 
> or happens to have a Yahoo or AOL account (Yahoo and AOL do not fail
> bad addresses at RCPT time.)

Really, did you check?

telnet mailin-01.mx.aol.com smtp
Trying 64.12.136.57...
Connected to mailin-01.mx.aol.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
220-rly-xa03.mx.aol.com ESMTP mail_relay_in-xa3.3; Wed, 05 Mar 2003 12:15:05 -0500
220-America Online (AOL) and its affiliated companies do not
220-     authorize the use of its proprietary computers and computer
220-     networks to accept, transmit, or distribute unsolicited bulk
220      e-mail sent from the internet.
helo example.com
250 rly-xa03.mx.aol.com OK
mail from: <joe@example.com>
250 OK
rcpt to: <doesnotexist123456@aol.com>
550 MAILBOX NOT FOUND

Not quite at RCPT time, but certainly at SMTP time, which is the same
effect as far as this discussion is concerned:

telnet mx1.mail.yahoo.com smtp
Trying 64.157.4.82...
Connected to mx1.mail.yahoo.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 YSmtp mta418.mail.yahoo.com ESMTP service ready
mail from: <joe@example.com>
250 sender <joe@example.com> ok
rcpt to: <Idontexist4567@yahoo.com>
250 recipient <idontexist4567@yahoo.com> ok
data
354 go ahead
subject: reject me
.
554 delivery error: dd This user doesn't have a yahoo.com account (idontexist4567@yahoo.com) [0] - mta418.mail.yahoo.com

Besides, low frequency list checking is already routinely done these
days. So low that it can, does, and will keep smart spammers out of
any radar detection you want to set up. It's also so low that they can
deal with bounces. Eg, my vanity domain gets address probes about
twice a day, every day.

It's not enough to say how do we stop spam today, it has to be how do
we stop the evolution of smart, viral, motivated spammers. Your
suggestion makes them evolve to do more list-cleaning. Doesn't sound
like an insurmountable hurdle to me.


Regards.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 04 Mar 2003 21:46:33 EST."
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"David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> wrote:
> Automatic filters will get you so far, maybe up to 90-98% accuracy,
> depending on which filter you use and what your mail mix looks like.

  Automatic filters only work if you're not receiving any significant
amount of spam.

  If you're receiving 100K+ spams a day, then the machines to run the
filters cost a fair amount of money.  Not everyone can afford to spend
$10K on a mailer instead of $2K, just to get legitimate mail through.

  With the spam volume Chris Lewis is saying Nortel gets, I'd be
surprised if their infrastructure costs were less than $100K.
Large companies can afford that.  Small ones can't.

  Alan DeKok.
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On Wed, 2003-03-05 at 05:49, David F. Skoll wrote:

> Spam does not really cost ISP's anything except bandwidth and storage.
> They don't care (nor should they) if their end-users are less productive;
> that's a worry only for companies.

Not quite:

1. SA fight spammers literally ALL DAY LONG. Null routes sometimes are
the only thing that will shut a spammer up for a while.
2. The bulk of incoming MX hardware is there because of the massive
cycles that merely accepting connections from spammers incurs.
3. Spammers can potentially delay delivery of valid mail my tying up all
MX resources until the server detects them and spanks them, or an SA
detects them and spanks them.
4. Spam takes up a lot of disk space. One may think that disk space is
cheap, and it is. But, depending on what kind of network attached
storage you use, and how you store your mail, having the spam just
sitting on those disks reduces performance for valid mail.
5. Customer complaints
6. Customer churn (I get too much spam at this ISP)
7. Development resources tied up adding new ways to fight spammers
instead of adding new features.
8. Good SAs that sit there and fight spam all day cost a lot of money.

I could probably go on for days... ;-)

Peter
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To: Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
Cc: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
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On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 12:32:41PM -0500, Chris Lewis wrote:
> Brad Templeton wrote:
> >The purpose of a definition of spam is to use legal tactics against
> >it, typically in contract law, but also possibly in statute.
> 
> But that's not what we're defining spam _here_ for. Here we merely 
> need a rough working definition so that we know what we're talking 
> about.
> 
> Here, a rough working definition of "Unsolicited bulk email" is more 
> than satisfactory and can help guide potential solutions.  Because 
> "unsolicited" and "bulk" is what is causing the problem we're seeing 
> today.

So long as any proposed protocol change doesn't have to say things
like, "If it meets our definition of spam, it must be tagged as thus,
or the user's consent must be confirmed."   I agree, and am
happy to move on to the next issue.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 19:52:02 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 06:35:38AM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
> Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> wrote:
> > The reason is simple: It's mainly the POP account.
> > 
> > People need to exchange e-mail from virtually anywhere,
> > whether from home with a dynamically allocated IP address,
> > of from any phone plug in a hotel right in the middle of nowhere,
> > with an IP address of any local ISP. That's OK, I agree with that.
> > I do it the same way.
> 
>   Let me re-phrase that:
> 
>     "People need to be able to send email from anywhere, to anyone,
>      using any email address they choose."



No. You re-phrase it to the opposite.


I said: exchange from anywhere with any IP address. I didn't say
"send" in the context of SMTP. And I didn't say send to anybody. 

I meant: Exchange e-mail with my home mail hub to download incoming
mail and to upload outgoing mail. No IP traffic with any other machine
at all, so the local IP address doesn't matter in any way.






> > - Many ISPs deny to support their clients in mail delivery.

Many do. And other's will follow once symmetry is defined as a standard.


> > - Even if they do, most clients deny to use it.

Most clients don't deny it, they just don't use it because they don't
know it. No denial, just poor configuration. 



> > - Instead, clients insist on directly deliver their email 
> >   to the world through SMTP without any authorization/authentication.
> 
>   Too bad.  I can't drive 200 MPH on city streets, much as I may like
> to.


Huh? What are you talking about???



>   There are technical solutions to this problem.  Authenticated SMTP
> exists, and should be used.

Yes, but how does that fit to your former statement?


Maybe you're confusing authenticated SMTP a little bit?


Hadmut


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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: Michael Marking <marking@tatanka.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] filtering at connect time
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:04:00 -0800

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 07:58:26AM -0800, Michael Marking wrote:
> 
> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
> Hash: SHA1
> 
> 
> > I'm not sure why open relays are useful now... don't all networks/ISPs
> > have local SMTP servers these days?
> 
> Some ISPs restrict use of their servers to those who have dialed in
> from the ISP's own networks. Therefore, if you are a customer of ISP
> X travelling away from home, you may not have access to that ISP's
> SMTP servers. Even if you make arrangements to use a different ISP
> while travelling, you may find when you arrive that the system doesn't
> work (which can be very frustrating if you don't speak the language of
> the country you are visiting).

Worse, thanks to the efforts of us (well, the anti-spam community)
there are now ISPs that don't allow you to use their outgoing SMTP
server with an e-mail address that is not in their domain.  Pain
in the butt, and a great example of something that does more damage
to the utility of the open e-mail system than it does to stop spam.

I don't know if they have combined port 25 block/redirect with
"force you to use our domain" but that's coming next I fear.
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Subject: [Asrg] well is this a good idea ?!
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Hey I was hoping to get some response from you  people, on the following
post, 

Im working on a smtp like program, but it doesnt handle mail. It just 
acts like its a smtp server. If a spammer will use it to relay bulk 
email through. My program will blacklist the spammer. 
Im halfway finished with the program, if it would be widely distributed 
and used. It would make it difficult for spammers to hide their ip by 
using open relays. Every open relay could then be a trap.
I would like some feedback and some help testing the program.


This is a good idea right ?!

-- 
Alex Curvers <curvers@net-graphics.nl>


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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 20:02:58 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 07:27:47AM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
>
>   If getting rid of the "random SMTP sender" problem means that the
> roaming user is required to use a home server, then that's fine.  It
> stops the spammer, and has little cost to the roaming user.


It's even better than having "little costs": It it cheaper than
delivering directly.

I'm doing it this way for several years now and it proved to be
much better than direct SMTP delivery. When I dial in with my
notebook, it opens a uucp over ssl connection to my home server,
to download incoming mail and to upload outgoing mail. Since I use
bsmtp, the mail is compressed.

It has those benefits:

- Single action to down- and upload all messages queued on both
  machines. Only a single TCP connection required.

- Much faster than SMTP due to the compression

- Always fully encrypted, no chance for eavesdroppers

- Works without DNS

- doesn't need to wait for other SMTP relays to be available

- doesn't need to wait for other SMTP releays to positively
  reply a DATA command which can take several minutes

- Home server is always connected to the internet and automatically
  tries to resend the message if the receiving relay is unavailable or
  answered a 4xy code.


So having a central home hub does not even cause only little costs,
it is much better, cheaper, faster, and more effective than direct
SMTP delivery. 

Hadmut
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 10:42:05 -0800

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 11:47:33AM -0500, Eric S. Johansson wrote:
>    a) you can get there from here.  You just need to use a mixture of 
> techniques
>       in order to deal with unstamped mail.

The only reason you are going to add stamps to your mail is if your
mail is getting rejected due to lack of stamps and you are getting
notified of it (postage due noticies.)

You might add cpu-stamps over time if they are installed by default
in a new MUA you bring in for other reasons, and you don't turn off
the stamp option.   Deployment of such would take many years unless
Microsoft and Qualcomm were willing to agree to it.

So effectively it is a precondition that people are bouncing (postage-due)
your mail.   And some people would be willing to do that, but I'm not.

The reason is, that if I sent you a mail where I thought I was doing
you a favour with the mail (and this is true in much of the mail I
send to strangers, and I got back a note that said:

I will not read your mail until you:
	a) Get some new software for your MUA or a whole new MUA
	b) Mail me the magic token from that software
	c) (with real money) pay money to get that token

Well, my answer would be to say screw you.  I try to send you 
a message as a courtesy to you, or just to reply to a message you
posted to a mailing list, and I get back a demand like this?  I am
going to leave it in the dust.

And while you might have whitelisted the asrg mailing list when I
joined it, you didn't whitelist me if I'm a lurker and responding
to your question on the mailing list.

Now as far as I know, I wrote the first challenge/response spam
blocker 6 years ago, so I've been running tools like these longer
than anybody else.  All my tool asks for is any reply at all.  Some
newer ones ask for just a click on a web link.   And even then, not
all real mailers reply to the message.   Some have broken MUAs.
Some probably get annoyed.

At this point it's very few, though, though earlier on it was around
one a week.   But if we can't get 100% with a simple demand for
any reply at all to the challenge, to prove there is a human there,
what rate can we expect for a demand they get new software?


>    c) yup.  It's a trade-off

True -- and in keeping with principles, we want the "least
restrictive means" so if we can think of better means, that do
not have as much violation of the principles of open mail we value
(or used to value), we should follow them.

Indeed, the goal of a project like this should be to examine many
different approaches, and pick the one with the best combination of
breaking open-email the least, and stopping sufficient spam to
restore the usefulnes of our mailboxes.

Save the village without destroying it.

>    d) The free speech implications are less than filters.  If you 
>    generate a

I agree, but that's like saying Saddam is better than bin Ladin.

My personal conclusion after much research is I would like to see
no interference at all with individual, person to person e-mail.
I'm willing to put burdens on bulk mail to attain that, though
clearly there is a balance where we might sway the other way with
the right results.

I conclude this because everybody on the internet uses person to
person e-mail, but I would expect that only a very small fraction
host a mailing list above, say, 200 people.

Now, stamps -- if they could be deployed everywhere by fiat -- do in
fact have that attribute.  That's why I was one of their earliest
advocates in the unix community.  The problem remains in the
deployment.

>    e) not anymore.  Strangers pay, friends fly free.  Mailing lists 
>    are your
> 	friends (if you signed up for them)

That's how I did my system too, though it takes a bit of work to
implement detection of subscribe requests.   I ended up using a
much simpler solution.  I have addresses that are open and those that
use my spam tools.  I send out mail under open addresses -- replies
don't even have to bother with the filtering.   I post to public
places using addresses that use the tools.   This has holes but was
a quick and effective solution for a while.

There is also the problem of the mailing lists you were already on
when you start the system.  Perhaps you saved mail so this can be
detected.

>    f) I'm not sure I understand the virus problem.  I'll take a look 
>    at your
> 	paper and see if it gives a better explanation.

This applies only if real money is involved.  Any system which allows
your computer to spend a small amount of money (like 50 cents) in
an irrepudiable way without getting your consent is a prime target
for a virus writer, who would get millions of such stamps mailed to
his throwaway account in the caymans.

You can fix this if the stamps are repudiable, but you need to stop
the spammers from repudiating theirs.

> 
> I'm currently working on a paper describing the 12+- properties I 
> think an antispam system should have.  I'll publish it in the next 
> few days.

I've done such though I should gather it all in one place.
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 08:43:37 -1000

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 10:09:33AM -0800, Fred Baker wrote:
> Interesting thought...
> 
> At 09:03 AM 3/5/2003 -0500, J. Noel Chiappa wrote:
> >Huh:
> >
> >   as e-mail in-boxes get jammed with junk e-mail, IM has become the most
> >   reliable way to ensure that an electronic message receives priority
> >   attention.
> >
> >     http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A30944-2003Mar2.html
> >
> >Can Junk I-M be far behind, then?

  Ask people who use IM a lot - it's already here, though still at a
relatively low volume.

  There are also people spamming via the "Windows Popup" messages that
many Windows systems will respond to. 

  -- Clifton

-- 
     Clifton Royston  --  LavaNet Systems Architect --  cliftonr@lava.net

  "If you ride fast enough, the Specialist can't catch you."
  "What's the Specialist?" Samantha says. 
  "The Specialist wears a hat," says the babysitter. "The hat makes noises."
  She doesn't say anything else.  
                      Kelly Link, _The Specialist's Hat_
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> But at the conceptual level, being able to express and enforce
> _somehow_:
> 
>    Any consent has to be given from the receipient to the sender,
>    and should be non-transferable and revokable at any time.
> 
> is critical.

no, I think that's a non-starter.  oh I suppose people can impose such
constraints if they wish, but it basically means they'll never get any
mail from somebody they don't know, because they have no way to give
them consent.

at the very least, let's recognize that the kind of consent you are
talking about is different than a recipient giving consent to the mail
system to do filtering on a recipient's behalf.  and as I read the
charter, it's talking about the latter.

Ketih
 
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 19:03:15 +0000 (GMT)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Fred Baker wrote:

> At 09:03 AM 3/5/2003 -0500, J. Noel Chiappa wrote:
> >Huh:
> >
> >   as e-mail in-boxes get jammed with junk e-mail, IM has become the most
> >   reliable way to ensure that an electronic message receives priority
> >   attention.
> >
> >     http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A30944-2003Mar2.html
> >
> >Can Junk I-M be far behind, then?

It's already here. If you're on ICQ it's a nightmare as your user id is a 
ten digit number. Easy to guess and generate. Same for SMS. AIM is a 
little harder because it's letters and numbers, but I suspect it can't be 
too far behind.

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>  If they don't do it already, legitimate ISP's should close port 25.

I understand why ISPs do this, but it's a Bad Thing.

My home ISP blocks port 25.  As a result, I can't debug problems with
email from home.

We need to be providing better ways of solving this problem so that the
Internet can stay transparent.  The last thing I want is for my ISP to
be deciding what kind of traffic I can send to and from my own machines.
(as if port number were a reliable indication of that anyway...)

>  Charge for overuse of SMTP, over a certain level, for commercial
>  email.

if ISPs charge for SMTP then they have even more incentive to harbor
spammers.

>  A DNS type addition would be very helpful.
>  Spammer connects as [196.68.1.12](example address only) and says
>  "mail
> from: mom@momandpop.com" 
> Currently doing a reverse lookup or momandpop.com would show receiving
> SMTP servers but not authorized sending servers. 196.68.1.12 shows up
> as a valid address but is in no way associated with momandpop.com.

it's perfectly legitimate to send mail through other servers.  mobile
users need to do this quite often.

let's just say I'm glad you are not my ISP.  it's abuse like this that
illustrate just how important it is to let any ISP sell DSL over the
LEC's phone lines.

Keith
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: More advertising crap
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It's already here. ICQ has this problem. Fortunately there are some measures
you can do to limit it, and ICQ never got that popular.

I'm more worried about SMS spam - some people actually pay per text message,
or have a limit then per-pay!

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Fred
Baker
Sent: Wednesday, March 05, 2003 1:10 PM
To: J. Noel Chiappa
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] Re: More advertising crap


Interesting thought...

At 09:03 AM 3/5/2003 -0500, J. Noel Chiappa wrote:
>Huh:
>
>   as e-mail in-boxes get jammed with junk e-mail, IM has become the most
>   reliable way to ensure that an electronic message receives priority
>   attention.
>
>     http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A30944-2003Mar2.html
>
>Can Junk I-M be far behind, then?
>
>         Noel

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal 
In-Reply-To: Message from "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> 
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 18:57:51 +0000


David F. Skoll said:
> On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> 
> > No, by your own numbers, that's empirically suggested for only 20% of spam.
> 
> A cheap test that stops 20% of spam is good.

Yes.  *Very* few tests supported by SpamAssassin get rates that high with
few FPs.

--j.
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 19:55:46 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 07:51:54AM -0800, Raymie Stata wrote:

> Using the vocabulary from my previous message, I believe Hadmut
> Danisch is arguing as follows.  He's agreeing that sender domain
> tracking is desireable, but at the same time he thinks that
> MTA-chaing tracking is more practical.  By requiring all mail from a
> domain D to be injected via an MTA blessed by domain D, MTA-chain
> tracking achieves sender-domain tracking.  So he's asking, why not
> impose such a requirement? 

Exactly. That's it. :-)




> My only concern is this.  Networks often block outgoing connections
> to port 25 (and for good reason).  Pop-before-smtp and/or
> authenticated smtp don't help with this problem.  How do we deal with
> this problem?  Maybe requiring smtp-over-SSL in these situations will
> work (most MUAs seem to support this now).  However, this solution
> assumes most "ISP-like" networks will allow port 925 traffic to go
> out, I don't have 1st-hand experience, perhaps even this won't work.

I didn't understand what you wanted to say. Where exactly do you 
see a problem?

regards
Hadmut

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> Here, a rough working definition of "Unsolicited bulk email" is more 
> than satisfactory 

disagree.  
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:02:28 -0500

-----Original Message-----
From: Keith Moore [mailto:moore@cs.utk.edu]
Sent: Wednesday, March 05, 2003 1:51 PM
To: Sauer, Damon
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Multiple Suggestions



>  If they don't do it already, legitimate ISP's should close port 25.

I understand why ISPs do this, but it's a Bad Thing.

My home ISP blocks port 25.  As a result, I can't debug problems with
email from home.

--- Considering debugging a major issue in not allowing a closed port 25?
I believe that this could be simply resolved with an internal only server.
It is not a insurmountable problem, just a technical one.

We need to be providing better ways of solving this problem so that the
Internet can stay transparent.  The last thing I want is for my ISP to
be deciding what kind of traffic I can send to and from my own machines.
(as if port number were a reliable indication of that anyway...)

>  Charge for overuse of SMTP, over a certain level, for commercial
>  email.

if ISPs charge for SMTP then they have even more incentive to harbor
spammers.
 
---- But easier to identify. Also, at this point you have destroyed the
reason why there is so much spam... because it truly costs next to nothing.

>  A DNS type addition would be very helpful.
>  Spammer connects as [196.68.1.12](example address only) and says
>  "mail
> from: mom@momandpop.com" 
> Currently doing a reverse lookup or momandpop.com would show receiving
> SMTP servers but not authorized sending servers. 196.68.1.12 shows up
> as a valid address but is in no way associated with momandpop.com.

it's perfectly legitimate to send mail through other servers.  mobile
users need to do this quite often.


--- Sure it is, if you are connected to another service through a dialup,
the sending email should be able to be relayed to the "home" server for
delivery. (A part that I missed in my explanation, I apologize for the
oversight )



let's just say I'm glad you are not my ISP.  it's abuse like this that
illustrate just how important it is to let any ISP sell DSL over the
LEC's phone lines.

--- Keith, my ideas are my own and in no way reflect the position of my
employer. This is why I have not referenced their name at all. I was truly
hoping that the criticisms to this email would be constructive and ideas
that build upon other ideas.
 I did not take your remarks as constructive at all and I hope that you can
possibly value add in further discussions.


Keith


*****
"The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to
which it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary, and/or
privileged material.  Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use
of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or
entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited.  If you received
this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from all
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Mark Delany wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 11:47:57AM -0500, David F. Skoll allegedly wrote:

>>or happens to have a Yahoo or AOL account (Yahoo and AOL do not fail
>>bad addresses at RCPT time.)

> Really, did you check?

That's what I thought too.

MSN doesn't check.  Unless they've changed in the past week or two...

I have the spam blowback to prove it.  So does Steve Linford ;-)

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Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 11:12 AM -0500 3/5/03, Chris Lewis wrote:
> 
>> Sorry, wrong.  All bad address removal requires is spamware that 
>> understands SMTP error codes.  No reverse channel of any kind required.

> You are assuming that the connection is directly to the validating mail 
> server.  That is certainly not the case with a secondary MX,

It is with ours.

> and it's often not the case with large systems.

Like AOL or Yahoo or us?  Nope.


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From: Michael Marking <marking@tatanka.com>
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:18:14 -0800 (PST)


-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
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> You are totally missing the point that there is nothing added by
> embedding an open SMTP server in the middle of this process.

No, that is not what is going on. I gave some reasons to keep open
relays (and no doubt others could give more), and you simply valued your
approach more than the ones I suggested.

Our charter (http://www.irtf.org/charters/asrg.html) is "to understand
the problem and collectively propose and evaluate solutions to the
problem". This includes evaluations of "the usefulness and cost of
proposed solutions."

It is certainly premature to assume that the net cost of one solution
(such as eliminating open relays) exceeds or trails the net cost of
another solution (such as content filtering). This is especially true in
that one user's individual situation may differ greatly from that of
others' situations. If there is not an extremely good and compelling
reason to impose the values of the majority on everyone, then it is both
unethical, and poor engineering, to do so.

You appear to assume that, since open relays are not "necessary", then
they have no value, however slight. There are two flaws in this
argument:

	First, you arrogantly dismiss the cost to others of your
	solution. Simply because I have access to resources does not
	give me any moral right to require everyone else to acquire
	those same capabilities. If you were willing to go out at your
	own expense and personally reconfigure all of those open relays,
	then perhaps I would be convinced there is no cost to anyone
	(except you).

	Second, there may be no benefit whatsoever to requiring closure
	of all open relays. Even if all open relays were closed, then
	the spam problem would not be solved. If (when) we determine
	that some other solution would be effective and cost little,
	then why close the relays?

Therfore, you cannot rightly say that "there is nothing added by
embedding an open SMTP server in the middle of this process". You may be
(and I believe probably are) wrong regarding both the cost and benefits.

Until we can quantify, or at least describe, the benefits of all
reasonable solutions, it is inappropriate to rule one out merely because
an alternative does the same thing.

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To: Fred Baker <fred@cisco.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: [Asrg] Re: More advertising crap
Cc: "J. Noel Chiappa" <jnc@ginger.lcs.mit.edu>,
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:12:07 -0500

At 10:09 AM -0800 3/5/03, Fred Baker wrote:
>>   as e-mail in-boxes get jammed with junk e-mail, IM has become the most
>>   reliable way to ensure that an electronic message receives priority
>>   attention.
>>
>>     http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A30944-2003Mar2.html
>>
>>Can Junk I-M be far behind, then?

One of the things that AOL got right with AIM was the ability to dis 
the sender.  That, combined with a centralized server system, makes 
it difficult to spam.  All it takes is annoying three or four people 
and suddenly your messages aren't getting through for some period of 
time.  If you could trivially sign up for accounts, then you could 
get around this.  But that requires email verification.

Not to say that spammers couldn't work around those problems, but it 
has made it harder.  AIM has two of the ingredients that make spam 
control much easier.  A centralized server and a verifiable identity.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar  5 14:34:30 2003
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We need to start from scratch, with a new system capable of embracing,
extending and exterminating the current system, while preventing spam.
(Dubbed "ENG" (Next Generation Email) for this thread)

At the heart of NGE is the following idea: Deprecate '@'. It was a very good
choice, but is tainted with the taste of spam. We need to switch to another
character. I find any of the following acceptable: !#%&~|{} This char is
called the 'promoted' char. The old '@' is the demoted char.

This new symbol will only be used by the NGE system. Use of it will require
advanced capabilities by the sender and receiver. If no such capability
exists, (the next-generation-ness was lied about) it modifies the address to
use the '@' character.

The I'd deferring technical details to those who have thought about it more,
but I'd like to offer up a few technical things:
1) username{whatever-character}@domain.name is still the same account to the
user. The user will never need to know the difference. Optionally, they can
learn that emails using the new character are always legit.

2) After wide-spread adoption, spam filters (user-based) or servers
(organization/ISP-based) can be set to drop incoming unsolicited mail using
'@'.

3) we can still run SMTP, just they need a patch for the new separator. This
NGE system will/can talk SMTP to the local host (SMTP mail server) for easy
upgrading. Note: SMTP hosts must be configured to talk to local host (or
trusted) addresses only!

4) The NGE software (receiver side) will be required to verify the sender as
legit. How this is done needs to be discussed. Once legit is decided it can
be promoted (if we want to be aggressive and try for NGE capabilities
anyway, and it passes) or demoted.


On to my technical approach:
I'm entertaining using signatures issued by the ISP, and verified against
the server in the ISP's MX record. If an ISP sees too many inquires for a
user, then that user maybe flagged as spammer, and the account can be
suspended/revoked/throttled back. Eventually the sender will exhaust his
checking accounts or credit card numbers at the ISP and he'll have to move
to a new ISP. The key to this approach is to keep the limits low, make let
them only get off a few hundred before they are yanked. Also watch the
undeliverables. It is rare for me to send to a wrong address, maybe 1 a
month. Surely 10 a month is reasonable? (And they'll all happen in minutes!)

The problem with the above is the MX record can be untrustworthy AND
spammers can multiplex through multiple accounts and/or ISP's. Maybe certs
from a Cert Authority is to be required on the MX?

Multiplexing through accounts (as to not trip the send/sig inquiry limit)
should still trip on the undeliverables as well. (At this point I might
recommend planting invalid email addresses on the web so the spammer using
email address gathering from web pages will trip the undeliverable limit)

Thoughts/comments/suggestions?





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> From: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>
> To: <Asrg@ietf.org>
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records
> Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 20:57:33 -0500
> Organization: Ready-to-Run Software, Inc.
>> Requiring that the reverse DNS domain name matches the
>> Mail_From domain name is as wrong aad silly as it would be to
>> requirer that when you send a picture postcard while on
>> vacation you use your current hotel as your return address.
>> Neither requirement would reduce fraud, spam, or anything
>> else that is bad.
>
> While that's often done, the real requirement is that the
> sending computer have the authorization to send on behalf
> of the purported (i.e. mail_from) domain  -- or perhaps
> it needs to be at the user level or some other granularity).
>
> However, let me observe that a significant proportion of the
> spam I receive can be rejected on the reverse DNS basis, while
> only a tiny proportion of legitimate mail would result in a false
> positive.  So, while it's far from perfect, I don't agree
> with your conclusion that it doesn't reduce spam, based on
> my own personal empirical evidence.

A significant proportion - I don't know what yopu call significant, but back
in the days when I still tried to trace ISPs or domain owners so that I
could make complaints only about 20% of spam had headers that indicated an
origin outside the domain from which they really originated. Well, I guess
20% is significant, so I won't argue with your choice of term there.  On the
other hand, there are so many people who don't understand Reply-To: headers
who decide to tell there MUA to use an address which doesn't match the
machine on which it is running (for example when they use a relay sevice
such as (to pick two current examples) name@bcs.org.uk or name@acm.org -
although users of those two particular institutional relays ought to be
better educated) that maybe am equivalent proportion of legitimate mail
fails to pass the test (at least of legitimate mail addressed to me at the
address I used back then).  So, based on my personal experience and
empirical evidence, I think rejection on the reverse DNS basis would do as
much damage to legitimate mail as to spam.  Of course the senders of
legitimate mail might then become educated and use the Reply-To: header
instead, so the 20% hit on legitimate mail would fall off quickly (assuming
MUAs are generally intelligent to distinguish Mail From and From:, which not
all are;  but presumably spammers would also become more educated, and the
20% hit on spam would fall off nearly as quickly.  So I think this approach
is not particularly useful.  On other grounds (the cost of these DNS
lookups, which falls on the transfer systems and on the DNS operators not on
the spammer; the general flakiness of some DNS implementations; the ease of
breaking the method by spoofing DNS responses; the likelihood that sysadmins
will not cause these records to be up to date) I think this approach is a
terrible idea.

Tom Thomson

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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:16:50 -0500
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> My home ISP blocks port 25.  As a result, I can't debug problems with
> email from home.
> 
> --- Considering debugging a major issue in not allowing a closed port
> 25? I believe that this could be simply resolved with an internal only
> server. It is not a insurmountable problem, just a technical one.

oh, they'd be happy to let me send to port 25 if I paid them $300/month.
mainly it's a bad precedent.  


> if ISPs charge for SMTP then they have even more incentive to harbor
> spammers.
>  
> ---- But easier to identify. Also, at this point you have destroyed
> the reason why there is so much spam... because it truly costs next to
> nothing.

no it just means I get spammed for Ivory Soap instead of Fireman's Pump.
it's still spam, and it's still obnoxious.

> it's perfectly legitimate to send mail through other servers.  mobile
> users need to do this quite often.
> 
> --- Sure it is, if you are connected to another service through a
> dialup, the sending email should be able to be relayed to the "home"
> server for delivery.

it's also perfectly legitimate to originate mail from a dialup line,
without relaying through some third party's server.

> let's just say I'm glad you are not my ISP.  it's abuse like this that
> illustrate just how important it is to let any ISP sell DSL over the
> LEC's phone lines.
> 
> --- Keith, my ideas are my own and in no way reflect the position of
> my employer. 

nor did I say that they did.

Keith
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Fred Baker wrote:
> Interesting thought...

But several months late.  There are several spammers using junk I-M now. 
Including one of our perennial favourites, the "diplomas from 
prestigious non-accredited universities" spammer.

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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 20:33:44 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 01:37:03PM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> 
> >   If getting rid of the "random SMTP sender" problem means that the
> > roaming user is required to use a home server, then that's fine.  It
> > stops the spammer, and has little cost to the roaming user.
> 
> no, it doesn't stop the spammer.  it just makes life harder for
> legitimate users.


Could you elaborate this? I don't see how this should make 
life harder. In my experience, it makes legitimate users's life much
easier and cheaper.





> you're not authenticating him in any event. source IP addresses are not
> authentication.  and domains have nothing to do with IP addresses. 


Currently domain have nothing to do with IP addresses.
Currently we have a severe spam problem.
Maybe it's not so wise to insist on keeping the current status quo.




> only because you haven't thought it through.  many spammers use
> throwaway accounts anyway.  the fact that they are using their ISP's
> SMTP server to relay spam doesn't keep them from spamming.

Again, could you elaborate? 

If they had to use their ISP's SMTP server, this server will stop them
using wrong domains. That's the first step to stop spam.

Hadmut

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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:31:02 -0800

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 10:42:27AM -0500, David F. Skoll wrote:
> On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> 
> > > What are the *detectable* differences between a spammer and a legitimate
> > > mass mailer, assuming we can't read the minds of the recipients?
> 
> > There are no such differences, detectable or not.
> 
> Then this ASRG is a waste of time.


Even though I am a coder at heart, sometimes I realize the real world
has something to offer when it comes to dealing with abusers.

The real world doesn't usually do security with physical security.
It punishes after the fact and uses that as deterrence.

Thus the proposal I sent in my opening message.  The difference between
spammers and legit bulk mailers is that legit bulk mailers are willing
to be accountable if they abuse bulk mail.   Spammers, of course,
are not.

Very few of the world's low level security problems are solved by
putting up a clever high fence.  You notice that there is nobody
checking your bags as you leave the Sears store.

That's how we like it.  We don't want to close up open societies and
open protocols for a bit more security against abuse.

There are tricks you can use to detect patterns between spammers and
legit bulk mails.  One trick is the spam-trap, which is what BrightMail
does.   If a mail came to a spam trap, especially if it's checked
by a human being, you have a fully reliable identification of a
spam attack.

The number of bad addresses is another test, but not nearly so
reliable.   Spamasassin style filters are another test, possibly of
some use.

In the end, though, if we can get most of the legit bulk mailers to
do something -- anything -- to let us know they are accountable for
abuse, I think we can lick this thing.


Some of the things that they can do to show accountability are:

	a) Sign a contract
	b) Offer money / hashcash / post a bond
	c) Be vouched for by somebody else who is accountable
	d) Simply have a good reputation, have a well known established
	   mailing list found in any of the existing databases of
	   mailing lists.
	e) Live in a legal jurisdiction which punishes spammers
	   _effectively_.  (ie. not any of the current U.S. state
	   spam laws which do more harm than good.)
	f) Be a member of an association reliably pledged to not
	   abuse bulk mail.  This could include, I kid you not
	   the DMA, or BBB or similar.  Or Habeus if it is shown to work.
	g) Host your list with somebody who meets the above criteria
	   as a host, like Topica, Yahoo eGroups, etc.

There are a lot of choices and there can be more.
	
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
Cc: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP drafty
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:38:13 -0800

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 03:09:47PM +0700, Dr. Jeffrey Race wrote:
> On Tue, 4 Mar 2003 19:49:49 -0800, Brad Templeton wrote:
> 
> >I simply have seen no evidence of a problem here, and I get a lot of
> >spam and do a lot of buying online.  We should all want to see a real
> >study showing more than anecdotal evidence, before making any moves
> >in this direction.
> 
> Has more to do with content than volume.  I run a firm and I have
> a legal obligation to prevent certain kinds of (e.g. obscene) mail
> from being seen by female employees.   I also have a daughter and
> the same issue arises in the home environment.   It needs to be
> absolutely stopped.
> 
> Jeffrey Race

You've lost me.   I'm talking about getting mail from Verizon because
they are my cell phone provider.  You're talking about porn spam, or
so it seems.   I have never gotten a porn spam from a company I have
done business with.

Not even from the porn companies.  :-)
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Alan DeKok wrote:

>   Filtering is a complete waste of time for some domains.  It's
> simpler to give up, and walk away from the domain.  If you can live
> with filtering, that's nice for you.  But you should also realize that
> by some standards, you're not receiving any appreciable amount of
> spam.

Alan knows of what he speaks.

See http://striker.ottawa.on.ca

Our spamtrap domains are about as bad:

DATE                    PASS   BLOCK    FILT SPAMTRP     CPT
20030226              297092   33250   16817  970828     191
20030227              316610   31600   11376  820258     211
20030228              262716   33066    8282  825232     190
20030301               83534   24279    6285  709274      56
20030302               88370   22862    5684  923656      86
20030303              282078   34845    9663  822272     374
20030304              297998   27606    9590  866320     149
20030305                   0       0       0  568238     120

PASS = email getting thru (production email)
BLOCK = IP-based blocking (DNSBL and local, production email)
FILT = content filtering (production email)
SPAMTRP = spamtrap domains.
CPT = end-user complaints on what got thru (production email). We 
average one or two complaints per hundred spams that get thru.

The last day only shows complaints and spamtrap so far today.  Don't get 
other three numbers til tomorrow.



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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:40:03 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Brad Templeton wrote:

> The real world doesn't usually do security with physical security.
> It punishes after the fact and uses that as deterrence.

Right.  But you need a way to detect the problem before you can
punish it.  A distributed mechanism for detecting anomalous
SMTP behavior is like an alarm sytem.  And alarm systems are
pretty common in the real world.

> Very few of the world's low level security problems are solved by
> putting up a clever high fence.  You notice that there is nobody
> checking your bags as you leave the Sears store.

It depends where in the world you live. :-)  Lots of stores I've
been in demand you leave parcels at the front, and if you walk through
with a bag, you will be searched.

In North America, this isn't so common, of course.

> The number of bad addresses is another test, but not nearly so
> reliable.

Well, isn't it?  I don't know, and I don't think you know either.  Some
posters have complained how their systems are stressed from bounce
messages during spam attacks.  This suggests to me that a large number
of invalid addresses is a good indicator of a spam attack.  Unfortunately,
it's not necessarily the case that a spam attack always yields a large
number of bad addresses; there probably are spammers out there who keep
their lists clean.

> In the end, though, if we can get most of the legit bulk mailers to
> do something -- anything -- to let us know they are accountable for
> abuse, I think we can lick this thing.

That would help, but it requires buy-in from a lot of different groups
with a lot of different vested interests.  And I'm not sure that
non-technical solutions fall within the charter of the IETF, although
it certainly should consider them and recommend them to legislators.

I don't advocate distributed statistics-gathering and analysis as a
panacea.  But I do believe it could be one more effective detection
tool in our arsenal.

--
David.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Bob Wyman <bob@wyman.us>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] All mail is anonymous (and, therein lies much of the problem)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 20:37:06 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 01:38:11PM -0500, Bob Wyman wrote:
>
> 	I believe that an important part of a comprehensive solution to
> the spam problem will be to provide effective and efficient methods for
> sending messages that are not anonymous. There are many known methods
> for doing this. All have positive and negative points. But, one of the
> known methods, or one that is yet to be described will need to be chosen
> before we have a comprehensive solution to the spam problem. 
> 

I fully agree with that. 


Hadmut
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar  5 14:45:38 2003
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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] well is this a good idea ?!
In-reply-to: <1046891083.1460.11.camel@alex2.net-graphics.lan>
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 14:41:18 -0500
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I think it's called a "honey pot"
http://www.everything2.org/index.pl?node_id=1113714&displaytype=printable

Oh, and a good idea.

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Alex
Curvers
Sent: Wednesday, March 05, 2003 2:05 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] well is this a good idea ?!


Hey I was hoping to get some response from you  people, on the following
post, 

Im working on a smtp like program, but it doesnt handle mail. It just 
acts like its a smtp server. If a spammer will use it to relay bulk 
email through. My program will blacklist the spammer. 
Im halfway finished with the program, if it would be widely distributed 
and used. It would make it difficult for spammers to hide their ip by 
using open relays. Every open relay could then be a trap.
I would like some feedback and some help testing the program.


This is a good idea right ?!

-- 
Alex Curvers <curvers@net-graphics.nl>


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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
Cc: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>, Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>,
        vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: principles / first do no damage (Re: [Asrg] definition of spam)
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References: <B1F08F445F370846AB7BEE424365F00DCBF465@ctxchg.ciphertrust.com> <20030304205916.56614a9f.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305040008.GB14655@main.templetons.com>
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 19:43:42 +0000

To avoid the trend of people only airing negative opinions, let me say
that I think Brad's narrow content-neutral unsolicited high volume
definition to be spot-on.  We really must avoid solutions which reduce
functionality, reliability and freedoms of email.

I'd also encourage everyone who hasn't to read Brad's principles page:

http://www.templetons.com/brad/spume/prin.html

I'd like to see the group adopt this set of principles as basic
requirements of the "first do no damage" kind, where as we evaluate
technology we hold it up to these principles.

It's easy to notionally fix spam, if one starts out with assumptions
that include damaging reliability and functionality, or could work if
fully deployed but offer no obvious route to deployment.

I think solutions need to provides value to people who upgrade,
without damaging backwards compatibility so that there is incentive to
upgrade.


As one example (not that it hasn't got other problems) on the CAMRAM
list (CAMRAM is a hashcash related proposal) someone proposed using
hashcash to white list to avoid false negatives of Bayesian filters.

This seems good from the above perspective because as a sender you
have an incentive: if you use this system mail you send will not get
falsely filtered by Bayesian filters; and it is backwards compatible
because people who don't use it to send can still send and receive
mail (modulo the false negatives of Bayesian filters).

And as well as slowing spam if it becomes widely deployed, due to the
computational cost of hashcash, it increases reliability as the false
negative problem is reduced for it's users.

That plus signatures as white-lists so that hashcash is only used on
the first email is the basis of the CAMRAM proposal: http://www.camram.org

Adam
 
On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 08:00:08PM -0800, Brad Templeton wrote:
> The purpose of a definition of spam is to use legal tactics against
> it, typically in contract law, but also possibly in statute.
> 
> That's because you must be clear on what it is you're going to punish,
> so people should be able to know when they have violated the rule,
> or been the subject of it, and so a fair and impartial body can
> objectively determine it.
> 
> To that end, a legal definition of spam must include nothing but spam,
> and will not include all things that you think are spam.
> 
> That's because, to get people to agree to enforce it, they do not
> wish to be in the position of punishing that which they think is
> legitimate mail, nor do those who are creating the system want to
> be in the position of chilling legitimate communications.
> 
> (In the USA and some other nations, laws are constitutionally required
> to block nor chill any legitimate communications, and to be precise,
> and to be the least restrictive means possible to solve the problem.)
> 
> That least restrictive means test is also a good one to borrow.
> 
> Should the global system have a narrower definition, as it must,
> this does not preclude private systems from working to stop things
> not covered by that definition as best they can.
> 
> Thus if a system based on national law, new protocols, or pooling of
> MX servers only stops bulk mail above volume X form parties matching
> description Y, and you want to add onto it a system which blocks
> based on content (Viagara) or intent (advertising) or source (blacklists)
> then you are in no way stopped from doing so.   Indeed you can
> even make the system big as the population that wants it.
> 
> 
> However, for a system to be implemented by the IETF or similar body,
> a much narrower concensus is required, as this will be the default
> for much of the E-mail system of the world.
> 
> That's a pretty heavy burden.   E-mail is all based on private
> property, and thus not subject in many cases to 1st amendment and
> related protections from private action, but we as architects of
> such systems must think of that as a bug, not a feature.  We should
> not be glad that we don't have to worry about that pesky first
> amendment.
> 
> 
> Do people disagree with these principles?  If so, let us know.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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From: "Deven T. Corzine" <deven@ties.org>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:44:51 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> However, please let's not talk about ways to defeat specific checksum
> systems, unless you are a spammer, and in that case I trust you'll be
> unsubscribed by the management.  There's no profit in making more work
> for those of us who tweak our checksums to counter the new tactics of
> spammers.  For example, as those who've been watching spam know, a
> recent cycle of that involves <!--HTML comments-->.

There's a Catch-22 here.  We don't want to aid spammers, but we want to be 
able to combat them effectively.  It's the same problem computer security 
researchers deal with daily.  We probably need to adopt a similar strategy 
of open peer review, to establish faith in a technique by having many smart 
people try to break it, with full knowledge of the technique.

To avoid discussions of how to defeat any particular technique may provide 
some temporary security through obscurity, but it could backfire.  We might 
spend a lot of time and effort on a technique that turns out to be easily 
subverted.  It might work well as a niche effort, but if it ever becomes 
mainstream, the spammers will take notice and work on countermeasures.

Security through obscurity is more effective for those who are agile enough 
to change direction when that obscurity is pierced.  The Internet email 
infrastructure, as a whole, has the least agility of all.  If we want to 
find a way to save the world from spam, we need a solution that can be 
entrenched, and that will take time.  Spammers have the benefit of agility, 
so obscurity plays to their advantage.

I believe we need to find a solution that can withstand intense scrutiny, 
even if it imperils the current effectiveness of niche solutions.  We need 
a mainstream solution, and to know it will work, we need to try to think 
like a spammer and look for every sneaky way to subvert the system.  That's 
the only realistic route to a long-term solution.

Personally, I believe an effective solution will probably require a massive 
change in the email infrastructure.  SMTP is just too easily abused, in its 
current form.  I'm thinking ESMTP extensions coupled with a PGP-style web 
of trust (between servers and/or users) has real possibilities...

Deven

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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 19:28:11 +0000


Pierre Fortin said:

> Probably other means that escape me at the moment; but I don't use any
> spam filters which work on mail already delivered...  I no longer see
> false-positives for me and my users, except those who fail the above
> tests...

hmm.  Well, SpamAssassin never causes any false positives either, except
those caused by its ruleset ;)

It's worth noting that in particular the rDNS test is extremely FP-prone.
For example, from about 6 months ago until about a week ago, you would
never have seen any mail from me, since I used an ISP with no rDNS on its
outgoing SMTP server.

Yes, I know they suck.  But they were a *lot* cheaper than the
competition, and in a non-competitive market like Ireland, that counts a
lot more than "somebody's overzealous spam filter might drop my mail". ;)

--j.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:45:27 -0800

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 08:11:39AM +0000, Mark Delany wrote:
> Okay. You'll need to use small words and short sentences for me. We
> don't change MUAs, we don't change the inbound MTAs, we don't change
> the ratware used by spammers, yet somehow by changing just the MTAs
> used by legit bulk mailers we reduce spam? I've obviously missed
> something.

I'm saying that I think getting all the users of the world to get a
new MUA is not possible, except over the course of many years.

I mean even with many companies offering MUAs that block 95% of spam
or more, including free ones, what is the adoption rate?  These are
highly motivated people?

I think even getting all the MTAs upgraded is a major project.  Yes,
desire to get rid of spam is huge.  However, any new protocol asks
the _sender_ to get new software, not the recipient of the spam.

The only way you get the sender to get new software is if the sender
sees all his mail bouncing, which is a pretty dramatic step to take.
To one day get your MTA to say, "Sorry, you don't speak the new
anti-spam ESMTP.  We don't take mail from you until you get a new
MTA!"

As I noted, there are people running old, wide-open versions of
sendmail out there. 


Nonetheless, I think if we came up with a really workable solution
that people could endorse in this fractious community, and a way
to make the changeover take place over a year or more, it could
be done.  It would be hard, but it could be done, and when the
final cutoff came, it would be very very hard, and a lot of
people would be very angry.  Like a million small businesses where
some consultant installed Microsoft Exchange or Sendmail for them,
and they don't have the slightest idea how to upgrade it, and aren't
happy about paying $500 to get another consultant to come in and
do it.   You're not thinking like the joe ordinary computer user,
most of whom are like the above small biz.

Sure, the big ISPs would put in the new MTAs, but that's not the
issue.

My view is, if we do it only for bulk mail, that's OK because that
small business is probably not hosting a mailing list.  If they run
a mailing list the probably host it somewhere else.  I would be
curious about stats on this, though.
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To: Mark Delany <tcrcn-6ugsc@qmda.emu.st>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:46:40 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Mark Delany wrote:

> Really, did you check?

Yes.

But I typed in a random received name, which (alas) must have been
legitimate. :-(

> It's not enough to say how do we stop spam today, it has to be how do
> we stop the evolution of smart, viral, motivated spammers.

You cannot stop that.  It's an arms race, and just because there are a
few smart, viral, motivated spammers doesn't mean we shouldn't take
measures to stop the less smart ones.

The only way to stop smart, viral, motivated spammers is to change the
nature of e-mail so that strangers cannot communicate with you.  That's
a solution that's worse than the problem.

--
David.
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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'Keith Moore'" <moore@cs.utk.edu>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Multiple Suggestions
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:49:59 -0500

-----Original Message-----
From: Keith Moore [mailto:moore@cs.utk.edu]
Sent: Wednesday, March 05, 2003 2:17 PM
To: Sauer, Damon
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu; Sauer, Damon; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Multiple Suggestions


> My home ISP blocks port 25.  As a result, I can't debug problems with
> email from home.
> 
> --- Considering debugging a major issue in not allowing a closed port
> 25? I believe that this could be simply resolved with an internal only
> server. It is not a insurmountable problem, just a technical one.

oh, they'd be happy to let me send to port 25 if I paid them $300/month.
mainly it's a bad precedent.  

---------- Ok.. then we can agree that this is not a show stopper.


> if ISPs charge for SMTP then they have even more incentive to harbor
> spammers.
>  
> ---- But easier to identify. Also, at this point you have destroyed
> the reason why there is so much spam... because it truly costs next to
> nothing.

no it just means I get spammed for Ivory Soap instead of Fireman's Pump.
it's still spam, and it's still obnoxious.


---------- By getting rid of John Q. Public spammers allows for the drastic
reduction in spam. Killing the big spamhauses at this point is then easier.
Herd and control. I am not talking about the utter cessation of spam. But, I
would be happy if I reduced all my spam to only one type of hand soap rather
that 3,000.

> it's perfectly legitimate to send mail through other servers.  mobile
> users need to do this quite often.
> 
> --- Sure it is, if you are connected to another service through a
> dialup, the sending email should be able to be relayed to the "home"
> server for delivery.

it's also perfectly legitimate to originate mail from a dialup line,
without relaying through some third party's server.

----------- This one requires the most thought. I am not sure that my idea
of sending to the "home" server for relay is a good idea because how does
the home server authenticate the relayed email? However, if we can find a
way, the network traffic caused by mobile users is not even measurable
compared to the amount of traffic that is removed due to less spamming.
If I could reduce spam traffic by 50% I could get rid of some VERY expensive
servers, software, etc.

> let's just say I'm glad you are not my ISP.  it's abuse like this that
> illustrate just how important it is to let any ISP sell DSL over the
> LEC's phone lines.
> 
> --- Keith, my ideas are my own and in no way reflect the position of
> my employer. 

nor did I say that they did.

------------ I apologize if I misunderstood. :-)


Regards,
Damon


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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records) 
In-Reply-To: <E18qYqt-0003gY-00@mail.nitros9.org>
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:52:19 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Alan DeKok wrote:

> > Automatic filters will get you so far, maybe up to 90-98% accuracy,
> > depending on which filter you use and what your mail mix looks like.

>   Automatic filters only work if you're not receiving any significant
> amount of spam.

Delegation is the key.  You delegate spam handling down to the level
that minimizes your cost.  It's not cost-effective for a few people to
handle 100K spams.  It's not cost effective for 20,000 end-users to
handle 50 spams each.  It's probably cheapest for 1000 department-level
clerical people to deal with 1,000 spams each.

Note that you cannot eliminate the cost of dealing with spam.  But
you can minimize it.

>   If you're receiving 100K+ spams a day, then the machines to run the
> filters cost a fair amount of money.

Nah.  If you're receiving that kind of mail volume, you have big
machines with under-utilized CPUs anyway.  Content-scanning just uses
up CPU cycles that would be wasted.  Nik Clayton says he filters
2 million messages/day with SpamAssassin; I'd be amazed if fewer
than 100K of those are spam.

>   With the spam volume Chris Lewis is saying Nortel gets, I'd be
> surprised if their infrastructure costs were less than $100K.
> Large companies can afford that.  Small ones can't.

Small companies don't get 100K spams/day.

--
David.
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Subject: [Asrg] Time for the ISPs to fight back!
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------=_NextPart_000_0011_01C2E350.CE10EDE0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

I believe that it is not enough to just keep developing ever more =
complex methods of filtering out spam, the spammers will just continue =
to circumvent the filters. Witness the recent use of spacing between =
letters such as "L_O_OS_E W_E_I_G_H_T" in emails.

Instead I suggest that the detection software at ISPs should respond to =
the spam it detects. This wouldn't effect the few false positives that =
are found, in fact it would be a service as it would advise them to =
rephrase their subject line.

Spam works like all mass marketing by fooling a small percentage of =
those contacted into responding, if a high percentage responded then =
their system would collapse or at least become a lot more expensive to =
run. If the detection software used by ISPs harvested the unsubscribe =
email addresses or links from the spam and responded to them wit false =
emails then the computers of the spammer would be overwhelmed. AT the =
every least it would kill the unsubscribe link.

Pinging every spam link discovered would dramatically increase the =
bandwidth the spammer was using and therefore their costs.=20

And low cost is what makes spam so attractive.

That's my contribution to the debate, I don't have the technical =
expertise to know how to do this but it seems relatively cheap and =
simple to implement to me.

Richard Warwick
------=_NextPart_000_0011_01C2E350.CE10EDE0
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Diso-8859-1">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1141" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>I believe that it is not enough to just =
keep=20
developing ever more complex methods of filtering out spam, the spammers =
will=20
just continue to circumvent the filters. Witness the recent use of =
spacing=20
between letters such as "L_O_OS_E W_E_I_G_H_T" in emails.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Instead I suggest that the detection =
software at=20
ISPs should respond to the spam it detects. This wouldn't effect the few =
false=20
positives that are found, in fact it would be a service as it would =
advise them=20
to rephrase their subject line.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Spam works like all mass marketing by =
fooling a=20
small percentage of those contacted into responding, if a high =
percentage=20
responded then their system would collapse or at least become a lot more =

expensive to run. If the detection software used by ISPs harvested the=20
unsubscribe email addresses or links from the spam and responded to them =
wit=20
false emails&nbsp;then the computers of the spammer would be =
overwhelmed. AT the=20
every least it would kill the unsubscribe link.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Pinging every spam link discovered =
would=20
dramatically increase the bandwidth the spammer was using and therefore =
their=20
costs. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>And low cost is what makes spam so=20
attractive.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>That's my contribution to the debate, I =
don't have=20
the technical expertise to know how to do this but it seems relatively =
cheap and=20
simple to implement to me.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Richard =
Warwick</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

------=_NextPart_000_0011_01C2E350.CE10EDE0--

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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Good versus bad (was Re: RMX Records )
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:56:10 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Chris Lewis wrote:

> Alan knows of what he speaks.
> See http://striker.ottawa.on.ca

I have a hard time believing that's typical, except for large
companies and ISP's.

--
David.
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Message-Id: <200303051605.h25G54BL023815@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 09:05:04 -0700 (MST)

> From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>

> > > What are the *detectable* differences between a spammer and a legitimate
> > > mass mailer, assuming we can't read the minds of the recipients?
>
> > There are no such differences, detectable or not.
>
> Then this ASRG is a waste of time.

I think this ASRG less about distinguishing spammers and legitimate
mass mailers than spam from legitimate mail.


> ...
> > I disagree, because many spammers work hard to remove bad addresses
> > from their target lists.
>
> Really?  Don't you think it's worth a shot to try to gather hard data?
> If you're right, then my idea is no good.  If you're wrong, then it is.
> Unfortunately, without setting up a system to gather this data, we'll
> never know.

If you look at a few 1000 spam, you'll find hard data proving that
many spammers do care about removing bad addresses.  Notice the whines
in spam about how wrong it is to complain to ISPs hosting remove
addresses.  Notice how many envelope Mail_From values are valid
addresses owned by the spammer at free ISPs.  Notice the spammers
using bulk mail packages (not spamware) that do automatic removal of
bad addresses using synthetic Mail_From values encoding the target
address. If spammers didn't want bounces or "removes", they would not
continually sign up for and use new free-provider drop-boxes.

Consider also reports that big ISPs automatically blacklist IP addresses
after they've sent to "too many" bad addresses.  This provides a strong
incentive for clean target lists.

Of course, there are plenty of other spammers who do not care how
dirty their target lists are.


> > Generalizations such as
> > "all spammers have lots of bad addresses in their lists" are as wrong
> > as "all spammers use open relays" or "spam involves forged headers."
>
> I never said that.  I said I believe that many spammers have lots of bad
> addresses, simply based on how they obtain addresses in the first place.
> Maybe you're right; I don't know.  But we should at least try to find out.

"Finding out" seems to be based on the false notion that all spammers
do one or the other.  There are only about 1500 current serious spammers,
but their tactics and goals are quite varied.


> > I think the only way to detect spam runs is to examine passing mail bodies
> > and look for those that are substantially identical and therefore bulk.
>
> Bulk != Spam.  

of course "spam" != "bulk", but "bulk" is a lot closer to "spam" than
"mentions viagra" or "was sent to a (temporarily) bad address."


>                Any system to detect "similar but not identical"
> messages can be thwarted if it uses a checksum scheme, and is too slow
> to be practical if it uses more sophisticated message-closeness
> measures.

You are quite wrong about that.  Simplistic checksum schemes are easily
thwarted, but the DCC and other checksum schemes including Cloudmark are
not simplistic checksums.  I've been computing what I call fuzzy checksums
since about 1997, and not yet had serious problems detecting bulk mail.
(In 1997 it was at a Fortune 500's corporate gateway.  Today it's the DCC.)

You are also quite wrong about the speed of checksumming with modern
cheap CPUS.  There are ISPs and others that are pushing a lot of
messages per day through DCC clients.  The significant costs are in
disk and network bandwidth, not CPU cycles.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 08:49:01 -0700 (MST)

> From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)

> David F. Skoll said:

> ...

[clearinghouse of sources of mail sent to bad addresses]

> - what about randomised sender addresses?  Some spamtools will generate
>   a new random From: addr for each recipient.  I fear the relay IP
>   address is the only trustworthy source id that can be used...

Not only do some spammers forge random source addresses (now often
from their target lists), but they also use open proxies and relays
so that the IP address varies and is not a reliable mark of evil.

Worse, looking for delivery failures is still looking for side issues.
A batch of bulk mail sent to 1000 bad addresses is not necessarily
spam any more than a batch of bulk mail that mentions Viagra.

What happens if a big ISP accidentally messes up its user database
for a few hours and so bounces a bunch of copies of mail from list.
Does that make messages from this list spam?

"Spam" is unwanted mail, with "unwanted" determined by individual
targets.  One person's spam is another person's important newsletter,
regardless of whether 1000 other copies bounce, whether the messages
came through an SMTP relay or TCP proxy, or it mentions Viagra.


Again, if you are going to do distributed spam detection (as opposed
to the things this mailing list is charted to consider), I think you must
look at mail bodies.  Besides the DCC, there are Pyzor and Cloudmark,
and even SpamAssassin if you squint at the updates to the default
rules right.   The DCC is currently looking at approaching 20 million
messages per day and finding that about 60% of them are extremely bulky.
See http://www.dcc-servers.net/dcc/graphs/


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Deven T. Corzine" <deven@ties.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:59:58 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, David F. Skoll wrote:

> The only way to stop smart, viral, motivated spammers is to change the
> nature of e-mail so that strangers cannot communicate with you.  That's
> a solution that's worse than the problem.

That's one way, and unfortunately it's gaining ground -- it seems to be 
increasing common for people to eschew email (or the Internet) entirely 
rather than suffer spam, while some are going whitelist-only.  Meanwhile, 
most Internet users are scared to death of having their true email address 
accidently revealed in public where the spammers will harvest it...

Another way to stop smart spammers is to change it so that strangers CAN
still communicate with you easily, while ensuring that they somehow remain 
accountable for their actions.  For example, if a spammer could be forced 
to pay a fine (in real money) if the recipient felt abused, there would be 
little incentive to spam people...

Of course, enforcement is another issue, but that's where pervasive changes 
to the email infrastructure would probably come into play.

Deven

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts 
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 10:06:14 -0500

Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu> wrote:
> >   I disagree completely, and I won't argue about it.  SPAM is a DDoS
> > attack, originating from SMTP senders with random IP's. 
> 
> legitimate mail originates from random IPs also. 

  I thought that legitimate email originated only from mailers that
administrators had configured to send mail.

   Q: Why are open HTTP proxies allowed to relay email?

   A: Because no one at the site notices that they can send mail,
      and no one receiving the mail knows that that machine was
      not intended to send mail.

  Any mail system which allows such nonsense is broken.

> >   If getting rid of the "random SMTP sender" problem means that the
> > roaming user is required to use a home server, then that's fine.  It
> > stops the spammer, and has little cost to the roaming user.
> 
> no, it doesn't stop the spammer.  it just makes life harder for
> legitimate users.

  Ah, I see.  In order for your "legitimate users" to save small
amounts of effort, you require others to accept massive volumes of
spam.

  That's the cost of your roaming user requirements.

> >   If a user from your domain is roaming, and wants to send email, I
> > don't see why it's *my* problem to authenticate him. 
> 
> you're not authenticating him in any event. source IP addresses are not
> authentication.  and domains have nothing to do with IP addresses. 

  <sigh> If I want to be able to distinguish his traffic from spam,
then there must be some way for me to do that.  Maybe "qualifying" is
a better word to use.  Filters "qualify" email as valid.

  So your roaming user requires me to do extra work to filter,
qualify, or authenticate them, because the traffic doesn't originate
from the domain he claims to be sending from.

  Can I bill you for that extra time and effort?  If not, why should I
care about accepting email from such broken systems?

> >   Then that looks like a pretty good solution to 99.9% of the spam
> > problem.
> 
> only because you haven't thought it through.  many spammers use
> throwaway accounts anyway.  the fact that they are using their ISP's
> SMTP server to relay spam doesn't keep them from spamming.

  That traffic is less than .01% of the spam I'm seeing.  It's so far
off of my radar that it's indistinguishable from normal email traffic
for me.

  The spam you're worried about is so inconsequential that if my
domains were getting it, I wouldn't even be on this list.  It just
wouldn't be a problem.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 15:13:03 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> >                Any system to detect "similar but not identical"
> > messages can be thwarted if it uses a checksum scheme, and is too slow
> > to be practical if it uses more sophisticated message-closeness
> > measures.

> You are quite wrong about that.  Simplistic checksum schemes are easily
> thwarted, but the DCC and other checksum schemes including Cloudmark are
> not simplistic checksums.

Any checksum scheme that can be made to produce different values
for different messages that I select can be thwarted.

Any checksum scheme that cannot be made to produce different values
for different messages that I select is useless for distinguishing
spam from non-spam.

--
David.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Time for the ISPs to fight back!
From: "Peter A. Friend" <octavian@corp.earthlink.net>
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On Wed, 2003-03-05 at 11:52, Richard wrote:
> I believe that it is not enough to just keep developing ever more complex methods of filtering out spam, the spammers will just continue to circumvent the filters. Witness the recent use of spacing between letters such as "L_O_OS_E W_E_I_G_H_T" in emails.
> 
> Instead I suggest that the detection software at ISPs should respond to the spam it detects.

This a very dangerous and essentially unusable suggestion for reasons
I'll point out below.

> Spam works like all mass marketing by fooling a small percentage of 
> those contacted into responding if a high percentage responded then
> their system would collapse or at least become a lot more expensive
> to run. If the detection software used by ISPs harvested the
> unsubscribe email addresses or links from the spam and responded to
> them wit false emails then the computers of the spammer would be
> overwhelmed. AT the every least it would kill the unsubscribe link.

> Pinging every spam link discovered would dramatically increase the
> bandwidth the spammer was using and therefore their costs.

Problems:

1. How to "detect" the spam in the first place. Didn't you just say
above that spammers will continue to outwit filters? Detection is
essentially the same as filtering in this case.
2. Given a false positive, we would be pinging or emailing a valid non
spammer IP. This is called a Denial Of Service. People get sued for crap
like this.
3. For a large ISP, the outbound pings, emails, whatever to an IP deemed
to be a spammer would quickly cause a problem on outbound links.
Bandwidth costs money.
4. Vigilantism will create more problems than it solves.
5. Could easily be used for a distributed DOS against a person or site.
6. There was someone who suggested this at the recent spam conference in
Boston. It wasn't a popular suggestion for the reasons above and more.


Peter
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 15:24:42 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> Again, if you are going to do distributed spam detection (as opposed
> to the things this mailing list is charted to consider), I think you must
> look at mail bodies.

You're right.  But I took a look at the DCC checksum.  It's
very easy to fool.  Add a few words here or there in the body and
DCC is toast.  However, that doesn't mean DCC is useless; on the
contrary, it's extremely valuable to catch the spammers who don't
evade it.

Adding a clearing-house for bounced messages is simply one more indicator.
You can integrate it into your SpamAssassin rule set with a score that
makes you comfortable, just as right now SpamAssassin can use DCC, Razor,
etc.

--
David.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200303052025.h25KPbYn021492@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 13:25:37 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>

>   Automatic filters only work if you're not receiving any significant
> amount of spam.
>
>   If you're receiving 100K+ spams a day, then the machines to run the
> filters cost a fair amount of money.  Not everyone can afford to spend
> $10K on a mailer instead of $2K, just to get legitimate mail through.

No, the DCC is not the only automated filter that handles a lot
more than 100K spam/day generally on commodity hardware (PCs).

>   With the spam volume Chris Lewis is saying Nortel gets, I'd be
> surprised if their infrastructure costs were less than $100K.
> Large companies can afford that.  Small ones can't.

No, filtering is cheap even if you use Perl schemes
such as SPamAssassin and it's almost invisible with others.




Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
Cc: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 20:30:57 +0000

Keith wrote:
> > Privacy in our flavour means that you keep control of what
> > information is leaking out about you.
> 
> well, that seems reasonable.  I mean, if when I sign up for an
> account my ISP can say "is it okay if we tell people that you send
> mail to these things that might help them decide whether to accept
> your mail?" and I can opt-in or opt-out to that service, would there
> be a problem then?

Identity is largely pseudo-private on the internet today.  Screen
names are frequently nick-names, fun names, or nom-de-plumes which
look like real names but are not the senders real name, plus the odd
cryptographically protected anonymous and psuedonymous users.

I'd sooner keep identity out of email receipt as far as anti-spam is
concerned as it erodes these current freedoms to be anonymous and
pseudonymous to varying degrees.

Having an option to not receive anonymous mail for anti-spam motivated
is from this perspective undersirable in that it makes anonymous users
second class citizens -- their email will be likely discarded.

Adam
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 05 Mar 2003 13:25:37 MST."
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 10:39:22 -0500

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> No, filtering is cheap even if you use Perl schemes
> such as SPamAssassin and it's almost invisible with others.

  I'll be honest, and admit that I haven't even bothered with those
kind of filtering solutions, so I don't know what their expense would
be.

  Why?  My filtering involved firewalling port 25, and sending ICMP
"port unreachable" messages to anyone not on a whitelist of IP's.  The
expense of doing that has turned out to be too much for me to handle.
(bandwidth, time, cpu power, email from clueless admins complaining
about my machine "attacking" them).  I hate to think of what would
happen if I opened port 25 again, and ran DCC or even Perl over every
incoming email.  My legitimate mail would *stop*.

  That's my point.  I don't *care* how cheap it is to run any kind of
filtering software.  It's still too expensive.  Look at the numbers
Chris Lewis posted for Nortel.  A domain I administer gets about as
much spam as a company with 50k employees!  In what crazy world is
that acceptable?  Why would it be my problem to filter out that
garbage?


  With the amount of legitimate email I get, I should be able to use a
486-66 on a 56k dialup to handle the traffic.  Any expense over that
is *directly* attributable to spam.

  I've spent $1000's upgrading commodity hardware to handle spam.  I'm
tired of buying a new, faster, PC every year, just to handle the
increased load.  It's not my problem, and I want it to go away.


  Maybe you have $1K every year to spend on upgrading your commodity
hardware.  I don't.  And I don't see why I should have to.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: Asrg@ietf.org
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References: <200303050840.ABJ06911@m1.imap-partners.net> <20030305061230.1cf246a7.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305113323.GA4939@danisch.de> <20030305070437.60bdfd34.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305122021.GA6748@danisch.de> <20030305073217.46f79dcb.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305125322.GA7179@danisch.de> <20030305080032.59d50373.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305203057.B4412039@exeter.ac.uk>
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Subject: [Asrg] Whoops -- list volume is way too high, some principles
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 13:00:37 -0800


I care a lot about these issues and stopping spam without destroying
the virtues of an open E-mail system.   But this list's volume has
just gotten to be way too much.   Not that the messages aren't all
worthwhile and relevant -- in fact the problem is there is too much
signal here, not a bad signal/noise.  I have to get some work done.

And this has been vastly refreshing compared to places like the
net-abuse.email newsgroup.  Few flamers.  Reasoned argument.  No
ad hominem.  Technically informed folks.  Keep that up!

So I will have to beg off.  That will probably help since I've been
as bad as anybody in contributing to the volume.


When more complete recommendations come forward I will try to comment.

I will leave with these principles...

a) Don't interfere with one to one mail at all.  If we have to
cripple some of the openness of the mail system, stick to doing it
for bulk mailers, and even then do it as little as possible.

b) Don't forget privacy rights and the (in the USA, constitutionally
protected) right of anonymous communication in designing any systems
of authentication.

c) In general, though not required by law because we are not the
government, pay attention to the century of lessons from 1st
amendment jurisprudence -- avoid chilling effects, find the least
restrictive means that solves the problem, provide no impediment
to legitimate speech even if the cost of that is letting some spam
get through.  The 1st amendment is not just the law, it's a good idea.

d) Consider the role of non-technical systems as well as technical
as the solution almost surely invovles both.

e) Be reasonable in what sort of software upgrades you call for.
Forcing all users to get new MUAs won't happen except over many years.
Forcing sites to get new MTAs is more doable but still hard.  Try
to find a migration path rather than a whole new system, even if
that lets some spam through.

f) Don't decide for somebody else what filtering they want.  Let
whatever system you build give the user choice about what email of
theirs is stopped and what isn't.

g) Keep your eyes on the real problem and the real goal.  Reduce
the overload on mail servers.   Make mailboxes fully usable again.
Make people not afraid to use their e-mail address in public.
Save ISPs from the overload of handling valid and invalid abuse
complaints.   The goal is not to protect everybody from every mail
they might not want or from the occasional annoyances.  Those are
the cost of free and open communications systems; the benefits of
such systems outweigh those costs.

h) Get some coding done!  The IETF won't adopt anything not demonstrated
to be working.

i) My spam essays are as always available on my web site.  I will
update some of them, many were written at the dawn of this battle.
There are also amusing, non-political ones you might enjoy, like
where I researched the history of the term spam and the earliest
spams.  You will be highly amused to see the identity of the net's
first-ever spam defender!

j) I'll continue to advocate and refine my current best plan which
is based at the core strictly on volume of traffic from given networks
and  off-network systems of accountability.   I think that's the
best blend, and welcome private comments on problems and improvements.
    www.templetons.com/brad/spume/endspam.html

Perhaps I will rejoin when I have some more time for a list of this
volume.  Or I will gate it to a local newsgroup to make it easier
to handle the volume -- newsreaders still outdo any mailer on that
issue.


-Brad
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Cc: Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP drafty
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 12:46:30 -0800

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 11:50:12AM -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> A verified sender model would allow us to automatically fix this 
> problem, by reliably allowing him to unsubscribe.  Spam services or 
> MUAs could use that information and present the option to the user. 
> With legal backing, companies that ignored the request could be 
> reported for abuse.

Verifying senders with a signature would of course solve some problems,
but the free speech implications of this are pretty dramatic.  If this
is to be done, it should only be done to bulk mailers.  I believe
we should, in the end, recommend no change be made to person to person
e-mail, since there is no problem with that.

I'm not even that keen on one aspect of my own draft, that by pooling
statistics on the mail from unknowns, you create a convenient single
surveillance point for some aspects of information about E-mail.

The hope is that most people get on the trusted IP list quickly and
don't go through the single point, and that for those who do, information
is discarded as soon as it is not needed.  Still, it's a concern.


> 
> Of course, confirmed opt-in would prevent the problem from occurring 
> at all.

It helps, but has its own annoyances.   Plus it's a loophole, in
that spammers will just send out messages saying

"This is to confirm your request to subscribe to our mailing list
about where to get cheap penis enlargers.  Click on this link to
confirm your subscription!"
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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] filtering at connect time
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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> 
> > I think a simple standard could eliminate the pain of changing smtp
> > hosts for each ISP used.
> 
> the SUBMISSION protocol (basically SMTP on another port, but requiring
> authentication) is simpler than that.  see RFC 2476.

We have implemented a submission port, but it is hardly a panacea. Outlook
only supports plain text passwords (which is a step down from no
passwords, in my opinion) and Eudora requires installing the "esoteric
features" (which are not part of the default install). It does have the
advantage that it by passes outbound port 25 blocks, which is why we use
it. I believe this is an excellent long run solution, but till the MUAs
take it seriously, it will be hard to impose it on recalcitrant operators
of open relays.

> 
> 
> 



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At 09:07 AM 3/5/2003 -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>I guess I shouldn't have used the V-word...

I think that falls under "false positives"...

:^)

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Cc: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
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References: <200303050840.ABJ06911@m1.imap-partners.net> <20030305061230.1cf246a7.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305113323.GA4939@danisch.de> <20030305070437.60bdfd34.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305122021.GA6748@danisch.de> <20030305073217.46f79dcb.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305125322.GA7179@danisch.de> <20030305080032.59d50373.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305203057.B4412039@exeter.ac.uk>
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 22:14:43 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 08:30:57PM +0000, Adam Back wrote:
> 
> I'd sooner keep identity out of email receipt as far as anti-spam is
> concerned as it erodes these current freedoms to be anonymous and
> pseudonymous to varying degrees.


Sending anonymous mail is not a right or freedom of the sender.
That view is as common as wrong. Anonymous mail is a violation
of the freedom of the recipient. 

Freedom always has to end where other people's freedom starts. 
Freedom doesn't include violation of someone else's freedom.



> Having an option to not receive anonymous mail for anti-spam motivated
> is from this perspective undersirable in that it makes anonymous users
> second class citizens -- their email will be likely discarded.

Pure Nonsense. 

Nobody can be required to pay time and money for providing 
e-mail infrastructure designed to be vulnerable just to 
make anonymous senders not feel as second class citizens.
Your demanding everybody to be open for denial of service attacks
and fraud. 

In the same way you could demand to immediately stop this
working/research group, because spammers could feel as being
"second class citizens".

Why do I have to pay time and money to allow others to 
stay anonymous? 

Hadmut
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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts
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> > >   If getting rid of the "random SMTP sender" problem means that
> > >   the
> > > roaming user is required to use a home server, then that's fine. 
> > > It stops the spammer, and has little cost to the roaming user.
> > 
> > no, it doesn't stop the spammer.  it just makes life harder for
> > legitimate users.
> 
> Could you elaborate this? I don't see how this should make 
> life harder. In my experience, it makes legitimate users's life much
> easier and cheaper.

there are legitimate needs to be able to send SMTP from random
places on the Internet, even from dialup lines.  preventing users from
doing so makes it easier for the ISP to trace complaints, but it really
doesn't prevent people from spamming.  it just means they have to use
throwaway accounts.

> > you're not authenticating him in any event. source IP addresses are
> > not authentication.  and domains have nothing to do with IP
> > addresses. 
> 
> Currently domain have nothing to do with IP addresses.
> Currently we have a severe spam problem.
> Maybe it's not so wise to insist on keeping the current status quo.

that's like Mr. Bush's logic: 
no matter what the source of the problem is, bomb Iraq.

maybe it's not wise to impose barriers that block legitimate use,
decrease network transparency, and don't actually solve any problem.

> > only because you haven't thought it through.  many spammers use
> > throwaway accounts anyway.  the fact that they are using their ISP's
> > SMTP server to relay spam doesn't keep them from spamming.
> 
> Again, could you elaborate? 
> 
> If they had to use their ISP's SMTP server, this server will stop them
> using wrong domains. That's the first step to stop spam.

there's no such thing as a wrong domain.  people need to be able to
originate mail from other domains than the ISP's.  and it won't stop
spam, because the spammers will just use throwaway accounts.

Keith

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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003 19:43:42 +0000
Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org> wrote:

> To avoid the trend of people only airing negative opinions, let me say
> that I think Brad's narrow content-neutral unsolicited high volume
> definition to be spot-on.  We really must avoid solutions which reduce
> functionality, reliability and freedoms of email.

I don't agree with the spam definition, but am very much in agreement
with the "do no damage" principle.

Keith
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> On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Alan DeKok wrote:
> Nah.  If you're receiving that kind of mail volume, you have big
> machines with under-utilized CPUs anyway.  Content-scanning just uses up
> CPU cycles that would be wasted.  Nik Clayton says he filters
> 2 million messages/day with SpamAssassin; I'd be amazed if fewer
> than 100K of those are spam.
>
>>   With the spam volume Chris Lewis is saying Nortel gets, I'd be
>> surprised if their infrastructure costs were less than $100K.
>> Large companies can afford that.  Small ones can't.
>
> Small companies don't get 100K spams/day.network

Small companies routinely get several hundred, up to several thousand
spams/day.

I found the biggest improvement by blacklisting Korea and China. Mail from
IPs within their netblocks is simply refused. There are a few
South-American countries that I may add next. Using an RBL in-progress
spam attacks and another for open relays has reduced the spam that makes
it through from thousands to only a dozen or so per day.

Unfortunately, this still wastes my bandwidth. Server utilization isn't
really an issue, since even a slow box by today's standards can handle a
huge amount of rejected connections.

Blacklists (fixed and dynamic) are the technological equivilant of
"shunning", and seem to be quite effective if practiced on a widespread
basis. It can range from "If you break our social contract, we will ignore
you", to "we will ignore your network", or even "we will ignore your
region of the earth" if the spam continues.

The trick is to make spamming painful for the network owners, so THEY will
control the spammers. Networks are expensive and nobody wants to own one
that can't talk to anybody else.

At some point in the world of spam, there is a network operator who has
allowed a spammer a connection. This may be an ISP, Network Provider or
simply an open relay. It really doesn't matter. The place where the mail
enters the netwok should feel pain for polluting our space.

Once this happens, spam will again become only a minor annoyance.


Terry




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> oh, they'd be happy to let me send to port 25 if I paid them
> $300/month. mainly it's a bad precedent.  
> 
> ---------- Ok.. then we can agree that this is not a show stopper.

if would be a show stopper if this group tried to recommend it.
as it is, I don't see this group doing anything that specific,
much less that stupid, so I'm not worried about it.


> ---------- By getting rid of John Q. Public spammers allows for the
> drastic reduction in spam.

no it doesn't.  it just means the spam comes from DMA members.
the signal to noise ratio of email will still suck.

> But, I would be happy if I reduced all my spam to
> only one type of hand soap rather that 3,000.

it's not at all clear to me that 3000 ads for 3000 different products is
better than 3000 ads for 10 different products.  the latter are easier
to filter.

> it's also perfectly legitimate to originate mail from a dialup line,
> without relaying through some third party's server.
> 
> ----------- This one requires the most thought. I am not sure that my
> idea of sending to the "home" server for relay is a good idea because
> how does the home server authenticate the relayed email? 

SMTP authentication is already defined.  the point is that it's not
always appropriate to impose this burden.

> > --- Keith, my ideas are my own and in no way reflect the position of
> > my employer. 
> 
> nor did I say that they did.
> 
> ------------ I apologize if I misunderstood. :-)

good.  now since these ideas are your own, and you're not speaking for
your employer, you might want to get rid of that obnoxious disclaimer -
that incidentally violates IETF rules (though to be fair I'm not sure
whether IETF rules apply to an IRTF WG):

or does your ISP force you to use a relay that appends this garbage?

> "The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity
> to which it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary,
> and/or privileged material. Any review, retransmission, dissemination
> or other use of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this
> information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient
> is prohibited. If you received this in error, please contact the
> sender and delete the material from all computers."

Keith
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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 21:27:34 +0000

Dude:

Anonymous users and spammers are not the same group.

A debate about the rights and wrongs of being allowed to send
anonymous mail is a debate and technology for another group.

My comment is that I don't want to see unintended fall-outs from
anti-spam efforts.  Banning anonymous mail, making anonymous mail less
reliable are very clearly and unequivocally fall outs.

How do you know "Adam Back" is not a pseudonym?  You have no way to
know, I haven't signed my mail, and I don't want any anti-spam measure
to force me to sign it, because it is not in my personal interests to
sign general emails I send.  Email has no current expecation of
identification.  You are proposing a change to defacto rights against
users interests.


I completely disagree with your comments about the right to retain
privacy, and right to avoid receiving anonmous communications -- you
have no current right in that regard for email, and introducing one
takes a way more freedoms than it introduces.  

In general I find many of your ideas expressed on this list
heavy-handed and ignorant of other peoples rights and functionalities.
I suggest you read and digest Brad's principles page I posted in a
previous list.

I happen to think the way email privacy and anonymity works at present
is good, and if anything needs improving rather than removing.  I
think your ideas to reduce privacy are very badly damaging to email
freedoms.

You can't just make pronouncements and presume your view is the only
correct one.  Consider there are people who disagree; for them you are
proposing to remove freedoms, functionality and reliability.  You say
"good - that slows spam" or "good - I don't want to recieve anonymous
mails".  But you _are_ proposing to damange existing functionality and
freedoms.

Adam

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 10:14:43PM +0100, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 08:30:57PM +0000, Adam Back wrote:
> > 
> > I'd sooner keep identity out of email receipt as far as anti-spam is
> > concerned as it erodes these current freedoms to be anonymous and
> > pseudonymous to varying degrees.
> 
> 
> Sending anonymous mail is not a right or freedom of the sender.
> That view is as common as wrong. Anonymous mail is a violation
> of the freedom of the recipient. 
> 
> Freedom always has to end where other people's freedom starts. 
> Freedom doesn't include violation of someone else's freedom.
> 
> 
> 
> > Having an option to not receive anonymous mail for anti-spam motivated
> > is from this perspective undersirable in that it makes anonymous users
> > second class citizens -- their email will be likely discarded.
> 
> Pure Nonsense. 
> 
> Nobody can be required to pay time and money for providing 
> e-mail infrastructure designed to be vulnerable just to 
> make anonymous senders not feel as second class citizens.
> Your demanding everybody to be open for denial of service attacks
> and fraud. 
> 
> In the same way you could demand to immediately stop this
> working/research group, because spammers could feel as being
> "second class citizens".
> 
> Why do I have to pay time and money to allow others to 
> stay anonymous? 
> 
> Hadmut
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On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 11:45:27AM -0800, Brad Templeton allegedly wrote:

> Nonetheless, I think if we came up with a really workable solution
> that people could endorse in this fractious community, and a way
> to make the changeover take place over a year or more, it could
> be done.

I agree and I hope you're right.

> people would be very angry.  Like a million small businesses where
> some consultant installed Microsoft Exchange or Sendmail for them,
> and they don't have the slightest idea how to upgrade it, and aren't
> happy about paying $500 to get another consultant to come in and
> do it.   You're not thinking like the joe ordinary computer user,
> most of whom are like the above small biz.

Don't most of those Joes buy their connectivity from an ISP? Couldn't
the ISP proxy for Joe? Perhaps by intercepting port 25 traffic? Sure,
lot's of special cases, transitional s/w and what not, but helping
most Joes is a possibility.

Heck the ISPs won't mind. After all, won't they have lots of idle
abuse people and anti-spam servers sitting around just waiting for
something to do? (only half joking).


Regards.
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>
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Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records) 
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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Alan DeKok wrote:

>   Why?  My filtering involved firewalling port 25, and sending ICMP
> "port unreachable" messages to anyone not on a whitelist of IP's.  The
> expense of doing that has turned out to be too much for me to handle.

Well, Alan, I have no idea what you did to attract that much spam, but
I assure you, it's unusual.  None of my clients nor the 500+ people on
the MIMEDefang mailing list have reported anywhere near the spam stats
on striker.ottawa.on.ca

>   That's my point.  I don't *care* how cheap it is to run any kind of
> filtering software.  It's still too expensive.

For you, maybe so.

> Look at the numbers
> Chris Lewis posted for Nortel.

Those numbers are not unmanageable.  And I believe Chris Lewis does run
filtering software.

> A domain I administer gets about as
> much spam as a company with 50k employees!

Yes, but why?  That's extremely unusual.  Did someone have it in for you
and sign you up to hundreds of lists?

--
David.
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, hadmut@danisch.de, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of
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> Identity is largely pseudo-private on the internet today.  Screen
> names are frequently nick-names, fun names, or nom-de-plumes which
> look like real names but are not the senders real name, plus the odd
> cryptographically protected anonymous and psuedonymous users.
> 
> I'd sooner keep identity out of email receipt as far as anti-spam is
> concerned as it erodes these current freedoms to be anonymous and
> pseudonymous to varying degrees.

me too.  which is why I don't want an identity that is tracable to the 
actual sender to the message; instead, I want an identity that can only
be associated with whether the sender has a history of sending abusive
mail. 

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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 16:33:39 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> Sending anonymous mail is not a right or freedom of the sender.
> That view is as common as wrong. Anonymous mail is a violation
> of the freedom of the recipient.

How so?  Do you mean if I'm walking around a city, and I want to ask
for directions, I'm not allowed to say:

	"Excuse me, how do I get to..."

I have to say

	"My name is David Skoll, I can be reached at (613) 555-1212
	 by phone, and by the way, how do I get to..."

> Why do I have to pay time and money to allow others to
> stay anonymous?

You don't.  No-one's forcing you to use e-mail.

--
David.
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] filtering at connect time
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> > the SUBMISSION protocol (basically SMTP on another port, but
> > requiring authentication) is simpler than that.  see RFC 2476.
> 
> We have implemented a submission port, but it is hardly a panacea.
> Outlook only supports plain text passwords (which is a step down from
> no passwords, in my opinion) 

surely it does plain text over SSL/TLS?  it's hard to do better than
that, as the other solutions (keyed hash functions, client certs,
kerberos) require new infrastructure that usually isn't in place.

> I believe this is an excellent long run
> solution, but till the MUAs take it seriously, it will be hard to
> impose it on recalcitrant operators of open relays.

we haven't found passwords-over-SSL to be terribly onerous.

Keith
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
Cc: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>, Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>,
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 22:30:51 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 12:46:30PM -0800, Brad Templeton wrote:
> 
> Verifying senders with a signature would of course solve some problems,
> but the free speech implications of this are pretty dramatic. 


Huh? Do free speech and sender verification/signatures mutually 
exclude each other?


Hadmut
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Keith Moore wrote:
>>But at the conceptual level, being able to express and enforce
>>_somehow_:
>>
>>   Any consent has to be given from the receipient to the sender,
>>   and should be non-transferable and revokable at any time.
>>
>>is critical.

> no, I think that's a non-starter.  oh I suppose people can impose such
> constraints if they wish, but it basically means they'll never get any
> mail from somebody they don't know, because they have no way to give
> them consent.

The context is bulk, not one-on-one email.  With bulk, of course there 
is a way of giving consent.  Subscribing/confirming to it.

> at the very least, let's recognize that the kind of consent you are
> talking about is different than a recipient giving consent to the mail
> system to do filtering on a recipient's behalf.  and as I read the
> charter, it's talking about the latter.

 From a definition of spam perspective (see subject line), it's 
definately the former.


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To: "Richard" <richard@ashednearyou.fsnet.co.uk>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Time for the ISPs to fight back!
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 15:53:35 -0500

At 7:52 PM +0000 3/5/03, Richard wrote:
>Instead I suggest that the detection software at ISPs should respond 
>to the spam it detects. This wouldn't effect the few false positives 
>that are found, in fact it would be a service as it would advise 
>them to rephrase their subject line.

This is why everyone is talking about authenticated senders.  You 
cannot reply until you know who to reply to.  The message arrives 
from a machine not owned by the spammer.  The from address isn't 
owned by the spammer.  The web address listed in the email may only 
be up for a matter of hours before it is shut down.  In fact often 
even the domain records get changed by the spammer after the spam has 
been out for a few hours.  Any form of automatic reply promptly turns 
into a very convenient way to abuse innocent bystanders.  It all 
comes back to authentication.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 16:26:49 -0500

Based on monitoring the discussion for the past 18 hours or so, I 
think I see some trends, but maybe I'm on drugs.

I think people are willing to have a solution which creates work for 
legitimate bulk emailers (e.g. authentication, custom software...). 
They do not want a solution that interferes with the current 
peer-to-peer benefits of email. They do not find it practicable to 
have a solution which requires major infrastructure, MTA or MUA 
changes.  Any solution must support a phased-in process.

Those constraints lead me in the following direction. I'm not 100% 
comfortable with it, because I haven't had time to think through all 
the ramifications, but I'll throw it out.

1. You need to be able to identify whether email is bulk or not. 
This enables you to separate peer-to-peer from spam and bulkmail.

2. You need to place a requirement on bulk mailers that their email 
be authenticated.  That authentication carries with it certain 
technical requirements (e.g. possibly confirmed-opt-in or other 
restrictions).  Those are contractual specifications set forth by the 
certificate authority.

If you can examine an email message and reliably determine those two 
things, then you can reliably distinguish spam from regular email.

Issues.

Q. What prevents abuse by certified bulk mailers?
A. The legal system.  The U.S. courts have already agreed that 
spamming violates ISP AUPs, and that there is an assumption of 
knowledge on the part of the spammer (i.e. they don't have to have 
read the AUP--they should know that spamming is not allowed). 
Additional laws would probably, especially wrt collecting damages 
(currently spam suits almost certainly cost more than they recover). 
But these laws can focus on contractual and trespassing issues, not 
technical issues.  The key is that we have locked down the identity 
of the abusers, and by giving them an identity, have imposed certain 
legal constraints on their behavior.

Q. Can we reliably detect bulk mail using a distributed system?
A. People on this list claim so.  The main issue is whether they will 
remain effective as new countermeasures are introduced.  I also worry 
about abuse of the system via deliberate attempts to discredit 
companies and/or people.  Somewhere.com is on way more blacklists 
than I care to think about.  All from joe-jobs back in the 
mid-nineties.  Everyone adds people to blacklists.  Nobody removes 
them.

Q. What authentication?
A. My personal preference would be a cryptographic key verified via a 
DNS lookup against the the domain in the From line (yes, the one the 
user sees).  I think that domain-based authentication has a number of 
advantages.  There's already an infrastructure for selling 
domain-based certificates.  It avoids the need to have certificates 
on a per-user basis.  It puts the onus of keeping track of user 
behavior on the company owning the domain.  It allows the signing to 
take place in the MTA instead of the MUA.  A number of these features 
aid in the migration of the solution down to general users in 
addition to just bulk mailers.  Over time this means requiring less 
and less reliance on the need to identify messages as being bulk.

So?  Tear it apart, but in three parts.  Are the initial requirements 
accurate?  Does the proposed solution theoretically address the 
issues (i.e. assuming the technologies behave as described)?  Does it 
practically address the issues?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] How to can the spam
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 15:33:46 -0500

At 2:23 PM -0500 3/5/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
>choice, but is tainted with the taste of spam. We need to switch to another
>character. I find any of the following acceptable: !#%&~|{} This char is
>called the 'promoted' char. The old '@' is the demoted char.

Well, let's stay away from ones that the email system already uses. 
! and % in particular would be rather bad news.  Also, keep in mind 
that there are thousands of web forms out there that think 
(incorrectly) that they know what an email address is.  I'd say that 
I'm only successfully able to put a "+" in my email address on web 
forms about 75% of the time.  But anyway, nits.

>On to my technical approach:
>I'm entertaining using signatures issued by the ISP, and verified against
>the server in the ISP's MX record. If an ISP sees too many inquires for a
>user, then that user maybe flagged as spammer, and the account can be
>suspended/revoked/throttled back. Eventually the sender will exhaust his

I'm not clear on what you mean here by "inquiry".  Are you assuming 
that I'm a spammer if I send too much email?  Or are you assuming 
that each query comes from a bounce or complaint?  And in either 
case, how do you verify that the site making the query is in fact the 
site that was sent the email?  What keeps me from writing a program 
to make it look like someone else is spamming?  Does the sending ISP 
have to maintain state and keep track of how many messages I sent and 
make sure it matches the complaints?

>them only get off a few hundred before they are yanked. Also watch the
>undeliverables. It is rare for me to send to a wrong address, maybe 1 a
>month. Surely 10 a month is reasonable? (And they'll all happen in minutes!)

I'm currently the victim of a hoax that has resulted in hundreds of 
people sending email to wormalert@somewhere.com every day.  About 25% 
of those messages contained that hoax, or other hoaxes.  So I decided 
to be nice and set up an auto-responder.  It did a reply-all to the 
mail and told people that they had just received a hoax.  I was 
easily bouncing 50 messages a day--because people were forwarding 
these hoaxes to everyone in their address book, and large numbers of 
those addresses were incorrect.  That, combined with people accusing 
me of spamming them, made me back-off and just reply to the sender. 
Eventually I had to back off from that and just bounce with an 
extended bounce message.  I'm still getting 300 messages a day, plus 
another 4-500 viruses.

On a related subject.  When considering authentication schemes, 
please consider how you are going to handle bounces.  I've seen spam 
masquerading as a bounce before (and viruses as well, of course). 
(I've even seen spam masquerading as a spam complaint.)
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
Cc: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>, moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 15:39:47 -0500

At 1:44 PM -0500 3/5/03, Keith Moore wrote:
>at the very least, let's recognize that the kind of consent you are
>talking about is different than a recipient giving consent to the mail
>system to do filtering on a recipient's behalf.  and as I read the
>charter, it's talking about the latter.

Is there any help defining this kind of fuzzy problem in the legal 
system?  I'm thinking particularly of how "harassment" gets defined 
in laws.  Does anyone know?

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Whoops -- list volume is way too high, some principles
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 22:40:37 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 01:00:37PM -0800, Brad Templeton wrote:
>
> b) Don't forget privacy rights and the (in the USA, constitutionally
> protected) right of anonymous communication in designing any systems
> of authentication.
>

Interesting. Could anyone give me a hint which part of the
US constitution is stating this?


There might be a conflict between constitutions. 

The german constitution says it is the recipients right to 
not be bothered with unsolicited communication which includes
anonymous communication. 

So if an american sender claims to have a constitutional right
to send anonymously, and the german recipient claims to have 
a constitutional right to not be incommodated with that, 
who has the stronger right?

Does the US constitutional right of anonymous communication include
the right to force others into communication or is it limited to 
communication with both parties consent?

Hadmut


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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar  5 16:59:50 2003
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 05 Mar 2003 16:31:15 EST."
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 11:52:39 -0500

"David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> wrote:
> Well, Alan, I have no idea what you did to attract that much spam, but
> I assure you, it's unusual.  None of my clients nor the 500+ people on
> the MIMEDefang mailing list have reported anywhere near the spam stats
> on striker.ottawa.on.ca

  That's why I joined this list, and why I'm making such noise about
the issue.  Everyone I talk to complains about the spam "problem", and
they get 3 orders of magnitude less spam than I do.

> >   That's my point.  I don't *care* how cheap it is to run any kind of
> > filtering software.  It's still too expensive.
> 
> For you, maybe so.

  So what are my alternatives?  Give up on email?  Pay $2k/year to
upgrade my equipment?  


  All of the proposed solutions which talk about filtering mail are a
waste of time.  Does it really make sense to allow terabytes of
garbage to fill the network?  Why wouldn't we just solve the problem
by minimizing the garbage traffic, instead of upgrading the network?

  People who propose mail filters as a "solution" are implicitely
accepting that wasting network bandwidth and CPU time is OK.  My
opinion is that we should minimize the problem, and THEN talk about
filtering.  The filters will be cheaper to use, and will probably have
higher accuracy.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Terry Carmen wrote:

> Small companies routinely get several hundred, up to several thousand
> spams/day.

That's manageable, and a couple of orders of magnitude less than what
Alan gets.

> I found the biggest improvement by blacklisting Korea and China.

Yes, that works pretty well.  Nigeria and Brazil too.

> Unfortunately, this still wastes my bandwidth.

To the point where you actually have to pay more money?

> At some point in the world of spam, there is a network operator who has
> allowed a spammer a connection. This may be an ISP, Network Provider or
> simply an open relay. It really doesn't matter. The place where the mail
> enters the netwok should feel pain for polluting our space.

Right; I agree.  And there are ways to do that even now:

- Tempfail suspected spam until it is accepted or rejected by a
person.  This works well for small organizations with spare bandwidth.
It won't work for large organizations, unfortunately, but if enough
small people do it, the open-relay or spam server will feel the pain.
Each recipient will pay for a little bit more bandwidth; the relay will
pay for a lot more bandwidth plus clogged queues.

- Litigate.  The US is lawsuit-happy; even the threat of being sued
would probably make an ISP crack down on spammers or an open relay
mend its ways.

- Blacklist.  If ISP's refuse to play ball, blacklist them.

--
David.
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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003 16:26:49 -0500
Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:

> Based on monitoring the discussion for the past 18 hours or so, I 
> think I see some trends, but maybe I'm on drugs.

it's *way* too soon to be trying to draw conclusions.  most people who
will participate in this discussion haven't even signed up yet.

Keith
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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Cc: Richard <richard@ashednearyou.fsnet.co.uk>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Time for the ISPs to fight back!
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On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 03:53:35PM -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 7:52 PM +0000 3/5/03, Richard wrote:
> >Instead I suggest that the detection software at ISPs should respond 
> >to the spam it detects. This wouldn't effect the few false positives 
> >that are found, in fact it would be a service as it would advise 
> >them to rephrase their subject line.
> 
> This is why everyone is talking about authenticated senders.  You 
> cannot reply until you know who to reply to.  The message arrives 
> from a machine not owned by the spammer.  The from address isn't 
> owned by the spammer.  The web address listed in the email may only 
> be up for a matter of hours before it is shut down.  In fact often 
> even the domain records get changed by the spammer after the spam has 
> been out for a few hours.  Any form of automatic reply promptly turns 
> into a very convenient way to abuse innocent bystanders.  It all 
> comes back to authentication.

  People might want to look at the recently-implemented Postfix
sender verification feature in current snapshot releases.  

  This is only a few months old, but it does, nicely and carefully, a
lot of what people are discussing or asking for.

* In verifying the sender address, it gets as far as connecting, doing
MAIL FROM: <> and verifying a 250/5xx for the RCPT TO, then does a RSET
on the machine it is verifying it on before disconnecting.

* If it gets a 250 for the sender address, it passes that particular
test, and if the other UCE tests pass it will return a 250 acceptance
to the sender.

* If it gets a 5xx, it remembers the address as invalid, and returns a
failure to the sender.

* If it is unable to immediately validate the sender, it returns a 4xx
SMTP code requesting a retry, while it continues attempting the
validation so it will have the answer when they do retry.

* It caches positively and negatively validated sender addresses, so as
not to overload real or forged sender sites with queries.

* It supports whitelisting of various kinds to prevent hammering
mailing list machines.  (In particular those that use VERP in which
case none of the sender addresses will be "valid" as such.)

  Note that with this feature, if a spammer domain has no valid MXes,
or has MX set to 127.0.0.1 or 0.0.0.0, hey presto! They'll never be
able to mail you.  Likewise if they are forging a (fake) user at a
valid domain, the domain owner would probably rather get the validation
query then a whole series of bounces to nonexistent users.

  It's not a magic bullet, but it provides interesting and useful
functionality, and a number of sites are now running it pretty happily.

  -- Clifton

-- 
     Clifton Royston  --  LavaNet Systems Architect --  cliftonr@lava.net

  "If you ride fast enough, the Specialist can't catch you."
  "What's the Specialist?" Samantha says. 
  "The Specialist wears a hat," says the babysitter. "The hat makes noises."
  She doesn't say anything else.  
                      Kelly Link, _The Specialist's Hat_
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Cc: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 23:03:29 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 09:27:34PM +0000, Adam Back wrote:
> 
> Anonymous users and spammers are not the same group.

The are not sufficiently distinguishable in a technical way.

Most spam message I receive has wrong/unusable sender addresses.
So I subsume them as anonymous mail.




> A debate about the rights and wrongs of being allowed to send
> anonymous mail is a debate and technology for another group.

Another group? I thought this group ought to deal with spam...





> How do you know "Adam Back" is not a pseudonym?


I don't know it. But that's not an argument, that's the problem 
itself. 

How do you know that "Hadmut Danisch" is not a pseudonym?
Quite easy: Do a whois query on danisch.de. Once my relay is
covered with a RMX or a signature, you know (at least with a certain 
level of reliability) that the mail from hadmut@danisch.de has
anything to do with that guy mentioned in the whois entry.

See the difference?





> You have no way to know,


Exactly. That's the main problem. Fighting spam involves changing
that fact.





> You are proposing a change to defacto rights against users
> interests.

"user interests" are not just "sender interests". 
They are also "recipients interests". And these interests do 
conflict here. 

It's a common failure to limit the "rights" or "interests" to 
the sender only and to force the whole world to apply the 
US flavour of constitution.

Since the recipient has to pay the costs of spam, it's rights
weigh more then the sender's rights.







> I completely disagree with your comments about the right to retain
> privacy, and right to avoid receiving anonmous communications -- you
> have no current right in that regard for email, and introducing one
> takes a way more freedoms than it introduces. 

Pure nonsense. 

First: I am the owner of my mail relay. So it is my perfect right
to decide what goes through it.

Second: The german constitution states this right. As a german
citizen, I pretty much do have this right.

The courts found this right to not be molested with unsolicited
and anonymous e-mail and facsimiles. Just today a german computer
magazine reported that a german court found that this right also 
applies to SMS (messages sent to and from cell phones). 
See http://www.heise.de/newsticker/data/jk-05.03.03-001/ 
(if you understand german).


It's a common failure to believe that the american laws apply
to all the world and that everybody needs to follow the american
way to handle things.





> I happen to think the way email privacy and anonymity works at present
> is good, and if anything needs improving rather than removing.  I
> think your ideas to reduce privacy are very badly damaging to email
> freedoms.


There is only one thing that currently damages email freedom, 
or at least my email freedom. It's a beast called spam.






> You can't just make pronouncements and presume your view is the only
> correct one.  Consider there are people who disagree; for them you are
> proposing to remove freedoms, functionality and reliability.  You say
> "good - that slows spam" or "good - I don't want to recieve anonymous
> mails".  But you _are_ proposing to damange existing functionality and
> freedoms.


I never said anything about what "slows spam". You're confusing me
with someone else. 

Furthermore, I always stated that I don't want to restrict any
sender, I want to leave it in the receivers choice whether to take
it or not. I never tried to make anonymous mail impossible. I just
want to give the receiver a choice to take it or not.

So I don't take anybody's freedom, I try to give new freedom,
the freedom to decide from whom to accept e-mail. That's a new
quality.


Hadmut


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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
Cc: aland@freeradius.org, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 23:09:44 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 04:21:56PM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> 
> there are legitimate needs to be able to send SMTP from random
> places on the Internet, even from dialup lines. 


Maybe it would be easier to follow you if you gave 
an example.





> > Currently domain have nothing to do with IP addresses.
> > Currently we have a severe spam problem.
> > Maybe it's not so wise to insist on keeping the current status quo.
> 
> that's like Mr. Bush's logic: 
> no matter what the source of the problem is, bomb Iraq.

I didn't ask to bomb. I asked to question whether the
given statement could be held. So I asked to start thinking,
not bombing.




> there's no such thing as a wrong domain.  people need to be able to
> originate mail from other domains than the ISP's. 

I never doubted this. 

Of course people need to originate mail from other domains than
the ISP's. That's obvious and nobody denied it.

But people don't need to be able to originate mail from any
domain they want. They need to be limited to the domains they're
authorized to use (by the domain owner).

Hadmut





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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts
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>   I thought that legitimate email originated only from mailers that
> administrators had configured to send mail.

anybody who has a computer is potentially an administrator.

>    Q: Why are open HTTP proxies allowed to relay email?
> 
>    A: Because no one at the site notices that they can send mail,
>       and no one receiving the mail knows that that machine was
>       not intended to send mail.
> 
>   Any mail system which allows such nonsense is broken.

why.  because you said so?  

is hotmail broken too?  it allows people to relay mail.  it doesn't know
who is really sending it.

> > no, it doesn't stop the spammer.  it just makes life harder for
> > legitimate users.
> 
>   Ah, I see.  In order for your "legitimate users" to save small
> amounts of effort, you require others to accept massive volumes of
> spam.

nope.  these blocks don't do much to deter the massive amounts of spam.

> > source IP addresses are
> > not authentication.  and domains have nothing to do with IP
> > addresses. 
> 
>   <sigh> If I want to be able to distinguish his traffic from spam,
> then there must be some way for me to do that. 

well, I suppose it depends on how you define spam.  everybody has his
own definition. 

now maybe it really would be useful to be able to ask some oracle
"did the guy who sent this message also send out thousands of 
other similar messages?"  and "were there lots of complaints about
those messages?"  but that's not the same thing as blocking port 25.

>   So your roaming user requires me to do extra work to filter,
> qualify, or authenticate them, because the traffic doesn't originate
> from the domain he claims to be sending from.

domains are just names.  traffic doesn't originate from domains.

>   Can I bill you for that extra time and effort?

can I bill you for taking my time to try to explain this to you?

YOU DO NOT HAVE THE RIGHT TO INSIST THAT INTERNET TRANSPARENCY BE
CRIPPLED FOR THE SAKE OF SOME BRAIN-DAMGED IDEA THAT WILL DO NO GOOD.

is that clear enough?  that will be $100, please.

> If not, why should I
> care about accepting email from such broken systems?

don't accept the mail if you don't want to.  for that matter, don't
accept any mail at all.  you'll be far better off.  and so will we.


> > many spammers use
> > throwaway accounts anyway.  the fact that they are using their ISP's
> > SMTP server to relay spam doesn't keep them from spamming.
> 
>   That traffic is less than .01% of the spam I'm seeing.  

traffic from throwaway account is < .01% of the spam you're seeing?
well, the rest of the net is getting the other 99.99% of such traffic,
because every time I look at spam most of the sender addresses are
fairly obvously throwaways. 
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At 11:18 -0800 3/5/03, Michael Marking wrote:
>  > You are totally missing the point that there is nothing added by
>>  embedding an open SMTP server in the middle of this process.
>
>No, that is not what is going on. I gave some reasons to keep open
>relays (and no doubt others could give more), and you simply valued your
>approach more than the ones I suggested.

I don't see much use for a wide open mail relay, generally, considering
the magnitude of the problem that is caused.

With the existence of blacklists and so on, wide open relays are not 
a workable solution anyway.
I would liken a wide open relay to an attractive nuisance, in legal 
terms. It's there, people use it *very* badly (to such an extent that 
it even draws toward itself others who use it badly).

>It is certainly premature to assume that the net cost of one solution
>(such as eliminating open relays) exceeds or trails the net cost of
>another solution (such as content filtering). This is especially true in
>that one user's individual situation may differ greatly from that of
>others' situations. If there is not an extremely good and compelling
>reason to impose the values of the majority on everyone, then it is both
>unethical, and poor engineering, to do so.

A wealth of alternatives exist that do not bear the detrimental 
effects of wide open mail relays.
>
>You appear to assume that, since open relays are not "necessary", then
>they have no value, however slight. There are two flaws in this
>argument:
>
>	First, you arrogantly dismiss the cost to others of your
>	solution. Simply because I have access to resources does not
>	give me any moral right to require everyone else to acquire
>	those same capabilities. If you were willing to go out at your
>	own expense and personally reconfigure all of those open relays,
>	then perhaps I would be convinced there is no cost to anyone
>	(except you).

The number of open relays appears to have declined quite a lot from 
the time I started working on the spam problem generally. It is 
simply not and never has been in an arbitrary relay operator's 
interest to allow the use of his resources by others... that's a 
very, very simple economic argument.

If you are trying to advance a theory that the cost of one-time fixes 
to unnecessarily open relays is anything significantly more than the 
ordinary cost of mail server maintenance, I definitely won't buy into 
it.

>	Second, there may be no benefit whatsoever to requiring closure
>	of all open relays. Even if all open relays were closed, then
>	the spam problem would not be solved. If (when) we determine
>	that some other solution would be effective and cost little,
>	then why close the relays?

Open relays are historically a tremendous source of spam, because 
they hopelessly complicate the matter of assigning responsibility, 
and because there is no administrative recourse for the actions of an 
unaffiliated third party carried out through such an unsupervised 
system. I don't think there's any model quite like the "open relay" 
anywhere else on the net or in real life for that matter. If you are 
running a "somewhat open" relay that knows its own users as they move 
about, that is a very different matter.. there is administrative 
oversight, recourse, responsibility...

>Therfore, you cannot rightly say that "there is nothing added by
>embedding an open SMTP server in the middle of this process". You may be
>(and I believe probably are) wrong regarding both the cost and benefits.

You were alleging that open relays somehow promote privacy. An open 
relay does nothing to improve a sender's "privacy". Services such as 
hotmail or an AOL screen name do much more for privacy than a open 
SMTP relay every could.

>Until we can quantify, or at least describe, the benefits of all
>reasonable solutions, it is inappropriate to rule one out merely because
>an alternative does the same thing.

But when the argument on its face does not support the alleged 
benefit, i feel obligated to point it out.
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> How do you know that "Hadmut Danisch" is not a pseudonym?
> Quite easy: Do a whois query on danisch.de. Once my relay is
> covered with a RMX or a signature, you know (at least with a certain 
> level of reliability) that the mail from hadmut@danisch.de has
> anything to do with that guy mentioned in the whois entry.

it doesn't tell you a thing.  you can use a pseydonym to get a domain
name.

Keith
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
Cc: adam@cypherspace.org, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 23:12:31 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 04:45:20PM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> 
> strongly disagree.  nobody has the right to prevent me from speaking,
> by email or any other means, anonymously or not.


I didn't ever try to prevent you from speaking.

But does your right to speak allow you to break into someone
else's house without invitation and force him to listen?


> > Anonymous mail is a violation of the freedom of the recipient. 
> 
> recipients are free to refuse the mail using whatever criteria they
> wish, including whether the mail is anonymous.

That's ok. I'd like to refuse anonymous mail for my domain.



Hadmut



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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 12:23:42 -0800 (PST)

I'v been busy first part of the day and ohhh this list has been really 
really {insert 10 times more} busy.

Now to the point, I think its absolutly right, we should not have to 
transfer so much junk, there should be a way to let spammer now - begone, 
I don't want your garbage at the tranmission time. This does have a 
downside, that it will help spammer to identify if their email is getting 
through or not, but I think they have ways to do it already and are quite 
inventive about getting around the filters as it is.

Also we this list has spent a lot during the day discussion what spam is, 
I don't think any one definition exists, may have their own definition so 
its up to the receipient or administrator of the mail server or both to 
define it for their system and the solution should be good enough to 
accomodate their preference (preferably during MTA transmission).

Now good deal of spampers are really afraid of being traced but there is 
also good deal of people who like to be anonymous. This problem is really 
fundamental to our solution and I'm afraid the views are generally 
opposite, i.e. I do not see any easy way to do both at the same time.
Personally I'd rather have more shift to tracebility then anonymity  and 
for anonimity the only way would be for some special mail services to 
exist that are generally "whitelisted" by ISPs and have good privacy 
policies. Again, this is fundamental issue that we'll have to choose one 
way or the other.

That is for now, but I'm trying hard to scan through all days discussion 
to see what else I want to say... Maybe I'll have more time tomorrow.

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Alan DeKok wrote:

> "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> wrote:
> > Well, Alan, I have no idea what you did to attract that much spam, but
> > I assure you, it's unusual.  None of my clients nor the 500+ people on
> > the MIMEDefang mailing list have reported anywhere near the spam stats
> > on striker.ottawa.on.ca

> 
>   That's why I joined this list, and why I'm making such noise about
> the issue.  Everyone I talk to complains about the spam "problem", and
> they get 3 orders of magnitude less spam than I do.
> 
> > >   That's my point.  I don't *care* how cheap it is to run any kind of
> > > filtering software.  It's still too expensive.
> > 
> > For you, maybe so.
> 
>   So what are my alternatives?  Give up on email?  Pay $2k/year to
> upgrade my equipment?  
> 
> 
>   All of the proposed solutions which talk about filtering mail are a
> waste of time.  Does it really make sense to allow terabytes of
> garbage to fill the network?  Why wouldn't we just solve the problem
> by minimizing the garbage traffic, instead of upgrading the network?
> 
>   People who propose mail filters as a "solution" are implicitely
> accepting that wasting network bandwidth and CPU time is OK.  My
> opinion is that we should minimize the problem, and THEN talk about
> filtering.  The filters will be cheaper to use, and will probably have
> higher accuracy.
> 
>   Alan DeKok.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 


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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts
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> On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 04:21:56PM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> > 
> > there are legitimate needs to be able to send SMTP from random
> > places on the Internet, even from dialup lines. 
> 
> 
> Maybe it would be easier to follow you if you gave 
> an example.

Imagine a mobile network, say one that is used in emergency situations. 
It gets its internet connectivity via whatever means is available in
whatever location it finds itself - which might be WLAN, WMAN, dialup,
cell phone, satellite, whatever.   This might change from one hour to
the next.  The network has several dozen hosts, mostly laptops. It has
its own mail and DNS servers.  It's not acceptable to have to
reconfigure the hosts in this network every time its means
of connectivity changes.

> > > Currently domain have nothing to do with IP addresses.
> > > Currently we have a severe spam problem.
> > > Maybe it's not so wise to insist on keeping the current status
> > > quo.
> > 
> > that's like Mr. Bush's logic: 
> > no matter what the source of the problem is, bomb Iraq.
> 
> I didn't ask to bomb. I asked to question whether the
> given statement could be held. So I asked to start thinking,
> not bombing.

clearly something about the status quo needs to change.  it would be
very unfortunate if we compromised transparency, or the ability to send
anonymous mail, for the sake of spam.

> But people don't need to be able to originate mail from any
> domain they want. They need to be limited to the domains they're
> authorized to use (by the domain owner).

I don't disagree in principle.  But we're a long way away from having a
mechanism that would allow recipients to verify whether the sender has
the "right to use" the domain.  The protocols are the easy part; what's
hard is that this requires upgrading essentially every piece of mail
software in existence, as well as a fair amount of infrastructure
(espeically if you want to avoid various kinds of DoS attacks).

Keith
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Whoops -- list volume is way too high, some principles
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:20:23 -0800

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 10:40:37PM +0100, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 01:00:37PM -0800, Brad Templeton wrote:
> >
> > b) Don't forget privacy rights and the (in the USA, constitutionally
> > protected) right of anonymous communication in designing any systems
> > of authentication.
> >
> 
> Interesting. Could anyone give me a hint which part of the
> US constitution is stating this?
> 

Just waiting for replies before doing the unsubscribe so I will
comment.

The U.S. supreme court has repeatedly ruled on a right to anonymous
speech.   That however applies to government laws, it does not
require it in private systems.   The government is not allowed to
pass laws or take actions to force you to identify yourself just
to speak or publish.

I am however, encouraging us to follow these principles in designing
the global architecture for e-mail, since the values that demand
them are the same, regardless of enforcement.

E-mail and other private internet communications are replacing the
old forms of speech which took place in the public commons and thus
had the constitutional protection.   Many don't want this move
from the public commons to an all-private network to mean the end
of hard-won free speech protections.

Note as well that the courts sometimes consider de facto prohibitions
on anonymous speech to be the same as de jure ones.  Ie.
setting up a regime where "We don't force you do identify yourself,
but we've arranged so nobody will listen to you if you don't" can
also be a violation of that principle.

It's OK, if some people decide to refuse anonymous communication.
However, if the system encourages that or makes it the default, so
that the majority are refusing anonymous communication, then
it is considered to be the same as banning anonymous communication,
since the result is the same.

There are solutions to this.  This is one area where the e-stamps
can make sense, if they were to get adopted.   A person could
communicate anonymously with an e-stamp, and people would listen.
Or the person could use a trusted "front", so long as we don't put
too much burden on the fronts so that they all have to shut down.

In the end it's the result that counts.  To use the extreme example,
if it is not possible for me to publish the Federalist Papers, or
whistle-blow on Enron or Watergate, because we have built an E-mail
system where everybody discards anonymous e-mail, then we have
failed.  If we make it substantially harder than it is now, we have
failed.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
Cc: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 23:22:00 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 04:32:25PM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> 
> me too.  which is why I don't want an identity that is tracable to the 
> actual sender to the message; instead, I want an identity that can only
> be associated with whether the sender has a history of sending abusive
> mail. 
> 

I understand that this is the american way to see things. 

But not all people on the world share this view. 

And, btw, it doesn't work if the sender is free to use a new
"identity" every day. 

Hadmut
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records) 
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 17:22:28 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Alan DeKok wrote:

>   So what are my alternatives?  Give up on email?  Pay $2k/year to
> upgrade my equipment?

Change your domain and start fresh.  Publish MX records for your old
domain that point to 127.0.0.1.

>   All of the proposed solutions which talk about filtering mail are a
> waste of time.

Maybe for you and 0.01% of the population.  For the other 99.99% of
us, filters are a good technology.

> Does it really make sense to allow terabytes of garbage to fill the
> network?

No, but how can you stop it?

> Why wouldn't we just solve the problem by minimizing the garbage
> traffic, instead of upgrading the network?

How?  Who says what is or isn't garbage?

> People who propose mail filters as a "solution" are implicitely
> accepting that wasting network bandwidth and CPU time is OK.

No, we're simply acknowledging the fact that a real solution is difficult
or impossible, and then coming up with real-world technologies that help
most people most of the time.

A complete spam solution, which isn't a "solution", actually, but just
a way to cope, uses an arsenal of tools.  You apply the cheaper tools
first (such as tempfail-first-time and blacklists), and then move on
to the more expensive tools like filtering.  You stop once the cost
exceeds the benefit.  By "tools", I also include techniques like
litigation; they're simply one more cost with an associated benefit.

> My opinion is that we should minimize the problem, and THEN talk
> about filtering.  The filters will be cheaper to use, and will
> probably have higher accuracy.

I agree, but the need for filters will never go away.

--
David.
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>   People might want to look at the recently-implemented Postfix
> sender verification feature in current snapshot releases.  
> 
>   This is only a few months old, but it does, nicely and carefully, a
> lot of what people are discussing or asking for.
> 
> * In verifying the sender address, it gets as far as connecting, doing
> MAIL FROM: <> and verifying a 250/5xx for the RCPT TO, then does a
> RSET on the machine it is verifying it on before disconnecting.
> 
> * If it gets a 250 for the sender address, it passes that particular
> test, and if the other UCE tests pass it will return a 250 acceptance
> to the sender.
> 
> * If it gets a 5xx, it remembers the address as invalid, and returns a
> failure to the sender.
> 
> * If it is unable to immediately validate the sender, it returns a 4xx
> SMTP code requesting a retry, while it continues attempting the
> validation so it will have the answer when they do retry.

I've been using exactly this (not postfix, some code I wrote) as a
means of filtering mail for at least six years now.

It used to be a nearly perfect way of blocking spam.  The only 'false
positives' came from people who had broken return addresses, usually due
to mailer misconfiguration.  (so it's not as if you could reply to
them and tell them to fix it...)

For the last year or so, it's been nearly useless for me.

Keith
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of
 source tracking)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 17:28:43 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> You're comparing apples and oranges.

Yeah, I know. :-)

> - If you ask so, you're visible and not hiding behind a fake name.

I could be disguised.

> - You do not cause the other any costs.

You could be in a hurry.

> - You're not getting asked 20 times a day.

It's not *my* fault if 19 other people ask you.

> - Spam doesn't ask "how do I get to".

That's true.

> Imagine you're sitting at home and 20 times a day people
> come into your living room asking you to buy penis enlargement
> devices. Is this still covered by the right to do anonymous
> communication?

No, because I have to live in my home, and the law recognizes a
person's home as a special private area.  But I don't have to use
e-mail.

> Actually, if you're providing commercial services or do
> advertising, you have to do this in europe. Over here, people
> have the freedom and right to now where to complain.

That is a good idea.  Contrary to what others have said, I don't
believe anyone has the right to anonymous spamming, and I don't
believe the US Constitution says that they do.  But I still think
anonymous (or at least non-authenticated) person-to-person e-mail has
its place.

> But if I want to use e-mail, I'm forced to pay?

Yes, pretty much.

> I have the choice only between paying and not using e-mail
> at all? Do you call that freedom?

Do you get free phone service?  It's the cost of doing business; sorry.
Stores build shoplifting costs into their prices.  Is that fair on the
majority of us who don't shoplift?

--
David.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Cc: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>,
        Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: free-speech and anonymity are related (Re: [Asrg] MTP drafty)
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References: <E18qMLs-0003Of-00@mail.nitros9.org> <p06000926ba8bd95837f1@[192.168.1.104]> <20030305204630.GA14655@main.templetons.com> <20030305213051.GB15047@danisch.de> <20030305215844.A3977328@exeter.ac.uk>
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 23:28:14 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 09:58:44PM +0000, Adam Back wrote:
> Think about it, there is a relationship between free-speech and
> anonymity.

Yup, of course there is a relationship:

The need for anonymity corresponds to the lack of freedom of speech.
Think about it.


Hadmut


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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, adam@cypherspace.org, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of
 source tracking)
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> > me too.  which is why I don't want an identity that is tracable to
> > the actual sender to the message; instead, I want an identity that
> > can only be associated with whether the sender has a history of
> > sending abusive mail. 
> > 
> 
> I understand that this is the american way to see things. 

I don't know if it's typically american or not.

> But not all people on the world share this view. 
> 
> And, btw, it doesn't work if the sender is free to use a new
> "identity" every day. 

no, but senders that do that will always have "new" identities, and
recipients will (if they choose) be reluctant to accept mail from them.

Keith
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
Cc: adam@cypherspace.org, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
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On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 05:14:25PM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> 
> > How do you know that "Hadmut Danisch" is not a pseudonym?
> > Quite easy: Do a whois query on danisch.de. Once my relay is
> > covered with a RMX or a signature, you know (at least with a certain 
> > level of reliability) that the mail from hadmut@danisch.de has
> > anything to do with that guy mentioned in the whois entry.
> 
> it doesn't tell you a thing.  you can use a pseydonym to get a domain
> name.



No, you can't. Domain providers/resellers are required to put the
real name of the owner in the whois database. And imprints must 
not contain pseudonyms. At least in Germany
and as far as I know in Europe.

This might be difficult to understand for you, but it is a
consequence of all other people's rights and freedom.


Hadmut




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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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> > I'd sooner keep identity out of email receipt as far as anti-spam is
> > concerned as it erodes these current freedoms to be anonymous and
> > pseudonymous to varying degrees.
> 
> 
> Sending anonymous mail is not a right or freedom of the sender.

strongly disagree.  nobody has the right to prevent me from speaking,
by email or any other means, anonymously or not.

> Anonymous mail is a violation of the freedom of the recipient. 

recipients are free to refuse the mail using whatever criteria they
wish, including whether the mail is anonymous.


Keith
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts 
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 12:30:10 -0500

Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu> wrote:
> >  [ mail from non-mx machines ]
> >
> >   Any mail system which allows such nonsense is broken.
> 
> why.  because you said so?  

  Because the behaviour of the network (machines originating mail)
does not match the intended behaviour.  This isn't hard to see.

> now maybe it really would be useful to be able to ask some oracle
> "did the guy who sent this message also send out thousands of 
> other similar messages?"  and "were there lots of complaints about
> those messages?"  but that's not the same thing as blocking port 25.

  Any solution I'm interested in doesn't involve filtering, data
collection, or counting how much email someone sends.  It should be
possible to perform simple checks.

  e.g. The recent postfix checks.  No MX?  Nowhere to send bounces?
According to the RFC I shouldn't accept the mail, because there's
nowhere to send a possible bounce.

  e.g. Domains making positive declarations "Mail from my domain
originates only from IP X".  DUL lists become irrelevant.
Misconfigured HTTP proxies become irrelevant.


  These sort of solutions are nearly zero cost, and can have a
significant impact on the volume of spam.

> >   So your roaming user requires me to do extra work to filter,
> > qualify, or authenticate them, because the traffic doesn't originate
> > from the domain he claims to be sending from.
> 
> domains are just names.  traffic doesn't originate from domains.

  So when someone sends email FROM "bob@example.com", his traffic
isn't originating from any domain.  When his IP resolves to
"ppp2723.isp.com", I shouldn't care that he's lying to me about who he
is, and where his email is coming from.

> can I bill you for taking my time to try to explain this to you?
> 
> YOU DO NOT HAVE THE RIGHT TO INSIST THAT INTERNET TRANSPARENCY BE
> CRIPPLED FOR THE SAKE OF SOME BRAIN-DAMGED IDEA THAT WILL DO NO GOOD.

  Having an open mind doesn't mean you let your brain fall out.
Having a "transparent" network (whatever that means) doesn't mean it's
total anarchy.

> traffic from throwaway account is < .01% of the spam you're seeing?

  ... from known "good business" ISP's, yes.

> well, the rest of the net is getting the other 99.99% of such traffic,
> because every time I look at spam most of the sender addresses are
> fairly obvously throwaways. 

  Don't make me laugh.  The sender addresses are forged.


  I've had a *hell* of a time convincing people that I don't want to
see "helpful" notifications about mail with forged addresses from my
domain, seen in a spam message (sender, body, etc).  Two years ago, I
was receiving more such notifications than spam most people received.

  Alan DeKok.
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 17:45:22 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Clifton Royston wrote:

>   People might want to look at the recently-implemented Postfix
> sender verification feature in current snapshot releases.

This technique is patented and assigned to ESCOM Corporation, in US
Patent #6,321,267 (see the section "Active User Testing")

The patent was filed 23 November 1999; if you think you have prior
art, I encourage you to publish it.

--
David.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
Cc: aland@freeradius.org, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 23:45:54 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 05:21:57PM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> 
> Imagine a mobile network, say one that is used in emergency situations. 
> It gets its internet connectivity via whatever means is available in
> whatever location it finds itself - which might be WLAN, WMAN, dialup,
> cell phone, satellite, whatever.   This might change from one hour to
> the next.  The network has several dozen hosts, mostly laptops. It has
> its own mail and DNS servers.  It's not acceptable to have to
> reconfigure the hosts in this network every time its means
> of connectivity changes.

I don't see how this could be an argument for your opinion.

I'm using several notebooks with the mail scheme I proposed. 
I'm using them in various sitations, at home, at the office, in 
Wavelans, in the University, in business trips with a modem,
I was even travelling through Australia and New Zealand with it.

And I never ever had to reconfigure anything. On the contrary:
The fact that I use my central relay make the configuration
so stable that I never need to change anything, I do not even
need a running DNS service. 

So your example is actually an argument for my proposal...





> very unfortunate if we compromised transparency, or the ability to send
> anonymous mail, for the sake of spam.

I understand that this is a bitter pill, but you can't have one
without the other, since it turns out to be basically the same.






> I don't disagree in principle.  But we're a long way away from having a
> mechanism that would allow recipients to verify whether the sender has
> the "right to use" the domain.

That's what we're here for. Nobody said it would be easy. :-)



Hadmut
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 05 Mar 2003 23:19:43 +0100."
             <20030305221943.GG15047@danisch.de> 
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 12:43:34 -0500

Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> wrote:
> Imagine you're sitting at home and 20 times a day people
> come into your living room asking you to buy penis enlargement
> devices. Is this still covered by the right to do anonymous
> communication?

  No.

  This is 100% the point I'm trying to make.  Any system which is
*designed* to be open to such widespread abuse is broken.

> I have the choice only between paying and not using e-mail
> at all? Do you call that freedom?

  I had an argument like that with a U.S. libertarian.  He said "Spam
is free speech!"  I said "That's nice.  Spam is preventing *me* from
speaking.  What about *my* free speech?"

  His reponse?  "Oh."

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
Cc: adam@cypherspace.org, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 23:47:34 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 05:30:26PM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> 
> no, but senders that do that will always have "new" identities, and
> recipients will (if they choose) be reluctant to accept mail from them.
> 


Ooops, doesn't it break freedom of speech if a "fresh account"
is considered to be a second class citizen and not listened to?


Hadmut

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From: Clifton Royston <cliftonr@lava.net>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 12:51:03 -1000

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 11:33:26PM +0100, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 05:14:25PM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> > > How do you know that "Hadmut Danisch" is not a pseudonym?
> > > Quite easy: Do a whois query on danisch.de. Once my relay is
> > > covered with a RMX or a signature, you know (at least with a certain 
> > > level of reliability) that the mail from hadmut@danisch.de has
> > > anything to do with that guy mentioned in the whois entry.
> > 
> > it doesn't tell you a thing.  you can use a pseydonym to get a domain
> > name.
> 
> No, you can't. Domain providers/resellers are required to put the
> real name of the owner in the whois database. And imprints must 
> not contain pseudonyms. At least in Germany
> and as far as I know in Europe.

  Perhaps the requirements don't work quite as you think?  Or perhaps
they only apply to the .de TLD?

  Joker.com is located in Germany and has been a popular registrar for
domains in .com and .org for quite a few years.  There is evidently no
problem with pseudonyms and/or false addresses being used to register
domain names there; or if so, then my officemate is apparently from the
Andromedan galaxy and is named rather differently than I think.

  -- Clifton

-- 
     Clifton Royston  --  LavaNet Systems Architect --  cliftonr@lava.net

  "If you ride fast enough, the Specialist can't catch you."
  "What's the Specialist?" Samantha says. 
  "The Specialist wears a hat," says the babysitter. "The hat makes noises."
  She doesn't say anything else.  
                      Kelly Link, _The Specialist's Hat_
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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>,
        Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: free-speech and anonymity are related (Re: [Asrg] MTP drafty)
Message-ID: <20030305215844.A3977328@exeter.ac.uk>
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 21:58:44 +0000

Think about it, there is a relationship between free-speech and
anonymity.

The freest speech is the cryptographically protected anonymous kind
because the speaker knows there can be no physical world reprisals.

If I sign something I am less anonymous, and probably not anonymous at
all; therefore yes my speech becomes less free.

There are physical world analogies with the right for anonymous
political speech, leafletting etc.

Adam

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 10:30:51PM +0100, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 12:46:30PM -0800, Brad Templeton wrote:
> > 
> > Verifying senders with a signature would of course solve some problems,
> > but the free speech implications of this are pretty dramatic. 
> 
> Huh? Do free speech and sender verification/signatures mutually 
> exclude each other?
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From: Clifton Royston <cliftonr@lava.net>
To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Patents (was Re: [Asrg] Time for the ISPs to fight back!)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 12:53:53 -1000

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 05:45:22PM -0500, David F. Skoll wrote:
> On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Clifton Royston wrote:
> >   People might want to look at the recently-implemented Postfix
> > sender verification feature in current snapshot releases.
> 
> This technique is patented and assigned to ESCOM Corporation, in US
> Patent #6,321,267 (see the section "Active User Testing")
> 
> The patent was filed 23 November 1999; if you think you have prior
> art, I encourage you to publish it.

  I certainly don't have any awareness of any; I did not claim to
originate the feature.

  I appreciate your notice, and will forward it to Wietse Venema, the
author of Postfix.

  This is quite annoying.

  -- Clifton

-- 
     Clifton Royston  --  LavaNet Systems Architect --  cliftonr@lava.net

  "If you ride fast enough, the Specialist can't catch you."
  "What's the Specialist?" Samantha says. 
  "The Specialist wears a hat," says the babysitter. "The hat makes noises."
  She doesn't say anything else.  
                      Kelly Link, _The Specialist's Hat_
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
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References: <20030305070437.60bdfd34.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305122021.GA6748@danisch.de> <20030305073217.46f79dcb.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305125322.GA7179@danisch.de> <20030305080032.59d50373.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305203057.B4412039@exeter.ac.uk> <20030305211443.GA15047@danisch.de> <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303051631250.6706@shishi.roaringpenguin.com> <20030305221943.GG15047@danisch.de> <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303051723130.7147@shishi.roaringpenguin.com>
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 23:53:41 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 05:28:43PM -0500, David F. Skoll wrote:
> 
> No, because I have to live in my home, and the law recognizes a
> person's home as a special private area.  But I don't have to use
> e-mail.
> 

That's ridiculous.





> But I still think
> anonymous (or at least non-authenticated) person-to-person e-mail has
> its place.


Sure, of course it has. If both persons agree to communicate
anonymously (and open their relays for anonymous communication)
that's pretty fine. No objections. I do support it to 100%.






> > I have the choice only between paying and not using e-mail
> > at all? Do you call that freedom?
> 
> Do you get free phone service?  It's the cost of doing business;
> > sorry.

Would you accept advertising phone calls if you had to pay the
phone calls? I wouldn't. 




Hadmut
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Time for the ISPs to fight back!
From: "Peter A. Friend" <octavian@corp.earthlink.net>
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On Wed, 2003-03-05 at 13:01, Richard wrote:
> Thanks for taking the suggestion seriously enough to respond. However:
> 
> 1.  Yes but the ISPs are detecting millions of spam at the moment and there
> idea doesn't rely on them detecting every single one.

No, but the possibility of being wrong about just one creates problems
and costs far beyond the act of just passively accepting the spam. We
are talking about actions a company will be taking, not some Joe off the
street with a dialup.

> > 2. Once and they are being told that their emails are being seen as spam
> which is a good thing.

Who being told what? You are assuming that an email in a spam actually
maps to a real person somewhere? You haven't been looking at enough
spam.

> > 3. Why? they are using up no more bandwidth than if they were just
> forwarding the spam unfiltered. If the idea worked it will cut the amount of
> spam and therefore free bandwidth.

This is ADDITIONAL bandwidth on top of that of the spam coming in.
Sending an email is a single event, an attack has to last for much
longer to be of any "use".

> > 4. This is no more vigilantism than is the unilateral filtering of the
> spam in the first place.

I completely disagree. Per user filtering is in no way like using a DOS
attack against an IP you believe belongs to a spammer. Unilateral
filtering isn't either. Filtering is not an attack.

> > 5. How?

There is some criteria for determining what is the spam that you have to
respond to. All someone has to do is know what that is and then use that
to generate an email that causes you to "attack".


Peter


> > > Pinging every spam link discovered would dramatically increase the
> > > bandwidth the spammer was using and therefore their costs.
> >
> > Problems:
> >
> > 1. How to "detect" the spam in the first place. Didn't you just say
> > above that spammers will continue to outwit filters? Detection is
> > essentially the same as filtering in this case.
> > 2. Given a false positive, we would be pinging or emailing a valid non
> > spammer IP. This is called a Denial Of Service. People get sued for crap
> > like this.
> > 3. For a large ISP, the outbound pings, emails, whatever to an IP deemed
> > to be a spammer would quickly cause a problem on outbound links.
> > Bandwidth costs money.
> > 4. Vigilantism will create more problems than it solves.
> > 5. Could easily be used for a distributed DOS against a person or site.
> > 6. There was someone who suggested this at the recent spam conference in
> > Boston. It wasn't a popular suggestion for the reasons above and more.


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From: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
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> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Keith Moore
> Sent: Wednesday, March 05, 2003 1:44 PM

> they'll never get any mail from somebody they don't know, 
> because they have no way to give them consent.

Sounds good to me :-)!
 
> at the very least, let's recognize that the kind of consent 
> you are talking about is different than a recipient giving 
> consent to the mail system to do filtering on a recipient's 
> behalf.  and as I read the charter, it's talking about the latter.

That's not the way I read the charter.  I read the statement on
consent-based communiccations in the charter as being able to build
systems that implement consent policies automatically.  The ability
of the recipient to choose a particular policy is also included (under
"Consent Expression Component"), but that's not how I think the word 
consent is being used.

Gary

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Subject: [Asrg] My Suggestion - HashCash + whitelist/auth
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 01:03:51 +0200 (IST)

  One major problem with detecting spam is that it is hard to seperate bulk
mail from legitimate mail for unknown senders. Therefore, I suggest the
following two-part system:

 1. Unauthenticated senders will be required to add a token to their mail
    indicating some amount of computation performed, specific to the
    message and recepient, for example - creating an n-bit hash collission
    with the message.
    Messages without this token are returned with an explantion to the
    sender, and perhaps with a human-verification fallback (such as
    detecting letters in an image).

 2. When signing up to a legitimate bulk mailer (mailing list, website,
    etc.) you either send a signed certificate with the bulk mailer's public
    key permiting him to send you mail, or add his public key to your
    whitelist. The same can be done for friends.

  The MUA should know if the recepient is on a whitelist by some means.
Also, the MUA should know how much work needs to be done, this can be done
by modifying the email address to something like me@myhost.com#10, which
means 10 bits of hashcash are required to send mail.

  This method requires the following updates:

 1. A user wishing to enjoy spamfree email must use a compatible MUA.
 2. Bulk-mailers must upgrade their systems to send signed mails. This can
    be overcome in the short term using From: whitelisting.
 3. An email address should be allowed to have "#n" in the end. It's not
    required in the transitional phase.
 4. The MUA of legitimate unauthenticaed senders should be configured to
    generate the hashcash. In the transitional phase, other human-detection
    methods will be used,

  Alon

-- 
This message was sent by Alon Altman (alon@alon.wox.org) ICQ:1366540
The RIGHT way to contact me is by e-mail. I am otherwise nonexistent :)
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts
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> I don't see how this could be an argument for your opinion.
> 
> I'm using several notebooks with the mail scheme I proposed. 
> And I never ever had to reconfigure anything. On the contrary:
> The fact that I use my central relay make the configuration
> so stable that I never need to change anything, I do not even
> need a running DNS service. 

you're not connecting to different ISPs, each of which insist that you
use their relay, and block port 25 for all other hosts.

> > very unfortunate if we compromised transparency, or the ability to
> > send anonymous mail, for the sake of spam.
> 
> I understand that this is a bitter pill, but you can't have one
> without the other, since it turns out to be basically the same.

please also understand that we might not want to swallow that bitter
bill.

Keith
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> Ooops, doesn't it break freedom of speech if a "fresh account"
> is considered to be a second class citizen and not listened to?

no.  people have a right to choose who they listen to. 
nobody forces me to watch cnn either.

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Clifton Royston <cliftonr@lava.net>
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Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
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On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 12:51:03PM -1000, Clifton Royston wrote:
> 
>   Perhaps the requirements don't work quite as you think?  Or perhaps
> they only apply to the .de TLD?


The whois entry is a .de TLD thing, since it is a requirement 
by the DeNIC, which is responsible for .de. It applies to domains.

The imprint is a legal requirement and applies to web services. 
The jurists are still discussion whether it applies to commercial
web pages only, to pages with any editorial content, or even to 
every web page. The law unfortunately uses a word which is a little
bit ambiguous. 


We (i.e. Rackland association) are a domain reseller, and we are
required to keep the whois entries up to date and truthful.



>   Joker.com is located in Germany and has been a popular registrar for
> domains in .com and .org for quite a few years.  There is evidently no
> problem with pseudonyms and/or false addresses being used to register
> domain names there; or if so, then my officemate is apparently from the
> Andromedan galaxy and is named rather differently than I think.

As I said: .com and .org don't belong to DeNIC, so they are not
covered by DeNIC requirements.

The web page www.joker.com actually lacks an impress. If you were
a competitor of them you could ask a lawyer to admonish them and send
them an expensive bill...


However, the whois entry for joker.com shows the owner of that 
domain. So if you have any complaint in context of the domain
joker.com you know whom to contact. That's the idea.



Hadmut
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 00:13:45 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 06:05:12PM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> 
> > I don't see how this could be an argument for your opinion.
> > 
> > I'm using several notebooks with the mail scheme I proposed. 
> > And I never ever had to reconfigure anything. On the contrary:
> > The fact that I use my central relay make the configuration
> > so stable that I never need to change anything, I do not even
> > need a running DNS service. 
> 
> you're not connecting to different ISPs, each of which insist that you
> use their relay, and block port 25 for all other hosts.


Sure, of course I do. I do not even use port 25 since I don't 
use SMTP to up/download mail from my home hub.





> please also understand that we might not want to swallow that bitter
> bill.

Sure I understand. Take the pill or stay sick.

Hadmut
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
Cc: adam@cypherspace.org, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 00:15:39 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 06:06:47PM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> > Ooops, doesn't it break freedom of speech if a "fresh account"
> > is considered to be a second class citizen and not listened to?
> 
> no.  people have a right to choose who they listen to. 
> nobody forces me to watch cnn either.

Lovely. Wasn't that my statement which I was heavily critized
for?


How do you want to choose who you listen to, if there is 
no authenticity, free forgery, and "who" doesn't have any meaning?


Hadmut

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 23:19:43 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 04:33:39PM -0500, David F. Skoll wrote:
> 
> How so?  Do you mean if I'm walking around a city, and I want to ask
> for directions, I'm not allowed to say:
> 
> 	"Excuse me, how do I get to..."


You're comparing apples and oranges. 

- If you ask so, you're visible and not hiding behind a fake name.
- You do not cause the other any costs.
- You're not getting asked 20 times a day.
- Spam doesn't ask "how do I get to". 

Imagine you're sitting at home and 20 times a day people
come into your living room asking you to buy penis enlargement
devices. Is this still covered by the right to do anonymous
communication?




> 	"My name is David Skoll, I can be reached at (613) 555-1212
> 	 by phone, and by the way, how do I get to..."

Actually, if you're providing commercial services or do 
advertising, you have to do this in europe. Over here, people
have the freedom and right to now where to complain.



> > Why do I have to pay time and money to allow others to
> > stay anonymous?
> 
> You don't.  No-one's forcing you to use e-mail.


But if I want to use e-mail, I'm forced to pay?

I have the choice only between paying and not using e-mail
at all? Do you call that freedom?

Hadmut





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Subject: [Asrg] Anonymity and freedom of expression
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 18:42:28 -0500 (EST)

I think any future e-mail system should provide a strong, unforgeable
statement (using the usual cryptographic techniques) on each e-mail.
The statement should read:

	The sender of this e-mail is authenticated.

Or:

	The sender of this e-mail is not authenticated.

End-users can then choose what to do with mail from unauthenticated
senders.  I don't see how this hurts anyone's freedom of expression.

I don't think we should force all e-mail senders to be authenticated,
but we should force the existence (or lack) of authentication to be
clearly visible.

--
David.

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From: Roland <list-asrg@openrbl.org>
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Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
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--Hadmut Danisch wrote on 05.03.03 23:22 +0100:

> I understand that this is the american way to see things. 
> 
> But not all people on the world share this view. 
> 
> And, btw, it doesn't work if the sender is free to use a new
> "identity" every day. 

Anybody should be able to manually send a couple of mails
without any authentication or registration, and a few
occasional spams or 419 sent that way dont justify any
totalitary approach.

This is the nice thing about smtp, and it does not conflict
with RMX btw.

It should however not be possible to abuse this freedom for
sending quantities of unsolicited bulk mail, this is the bad
thing about smtp and I hope we could concentrate on that.

Roland

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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 18:52:44 -0500
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> > >  [ mail from non-mx machines ]
> > >
> > >   Any mail system which allows such nonsense is broken.
> > 
> > why.  because you said so?  
> 
>   Because the behaviour of the network (machines originating mail)
> does not match the intended behaviour.  This isn't hard to see.

*whose* intended behavior?  it certainly matches the sender's intended
behavior.  and it's perfectly legal according to the standards, with
good reason.

>   Any solution I'm interested in doesn't involve filtering, data
> collection, or counting how much email someone sends. 

nobody says you have to use it.  you can decide whether to accept mail based
on the phase of the moon if you want.

>   e.g. The recent postfix checks.  No MX?  Nowhere to send bounces?
> According to the RFC I shouldn't accept the mail, because there's
> nowhere to send a possible bounce.

you can accept it if you wish.  you just can't bounce the mail.

>   e.g. Domains making positive declarations "Mail from my domain
> originates only from IP X".

there's nothing horrible about that, but it's not generally useful.
people need to be able to send mail from arbitrary locations on the
net.  nor is it a good idea to tie IP addresses to domains.
 

> > domains are just names.  traffic doesn't originate from domains.
> 
>   So when someone sends email FROM "bob@example.com", his traffic
> isn't originating from any domain. 

you've got it.

> When his IP resolves to
> "ppp2723.isp.com", I shouldn't care that he's lying to me about who he
> is, and where his email is coming from.

you don't know from the above information whether he is lying or not.

this mail is originating from some earthlink.net IP address;  the return
address is moore@cs.utk.edu.   it's perfectly valid for me to be using that
return address to send mail from that IP, or from any other IP that my laptop
happens to be connected to.  I don't want to receive mail at my earthlink
email address, and if you sent mail there, chances are I would never see it.

> > traffic from throwaway account is < .01% of the spam you're seeing?
> 
>   ... from known "good business" ISP's, yes.
> 
> > well, the rest of the net is getting the other 99.99% of such traffic,
> > because every time I look at spam most of the sender addresses are
> > fairly obvously throwaways. 
> 
>   Don't make me laugh.  The sender addresses are forged.

many of the ones I see are perfectly valid. the sender gets the spam sent out
long before the account gets shut down.

>   I've had a *hell* of a time convincing people that I don't want to
> see "helpful" notifications about mail with forged addresses from my
> domain, seen in a spam message (sender, body, etc). 

well I don't like it when spammers use my return address either (which they've
done once or twice).  but IP address is simply not very useful as an
authentication token, and it's getting less useful for this over time.
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Patents (was Re: [Asrg] Time for the ISPs to fight back!)
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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003 17:45:22 -0500 (EST)
"David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> wrote:

> On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Clifton Royston wrote:
> 
> >   People might want to look at the recently-implemented Postfix
> > sender verification feature in current snapshot releases.
> 
> This technique is patented and assigned to ESCOM Corporation, in US
> Patent #6,321,267 (see the section "Active User Testing")
> 
> The patent was filed 23 November 1999; if you think you have prior
> art, I encourage you to publish it.
> 

I wish we could shoot people who file bogus patents.

[astro] ls -l ~/src/check_mail_addr
total 350
-rw-r--r--  1 moore  wheel   4174 Jun 17  1997 822addr.c
-rw-r--r--  1 moore  wheel    149 Jun 17  1997 822addr.h
-rw-r--r--  1 moore  wheel    508 Nov  4  1999 Makefile.in
-rw-r--r--  1 moore  wheel   1141 Oct 11 12:26 README
-rw-r--r--  1 moore  wheel   4007 Oct 10 09:07 check_mail_addr.c
-rw-r--r--  1 moore  wheel     85 Jun 16  1997 config.h.in
-rwxr-xr-x  1 moore  wheel  53976 Jun 14  1999 configure
-rw-r--r--  1 moore  wheel    581 Jun 14  1999 configure.in
-rw-r--r--  1 moore  wheel    541 Jun 14  1999 configure.scan
-rw-r--r--  1 moore  wheel   5201 Jul  8  1997 getmxrr.c
-rw-r--r--  1 moore  wheel    321 Jul  6  1997 getmxrr.h
-r--r--r--  1 moore  wheel   6913 Oct 20  1997 smtp-tcp-bsd.c
-rw-r--r--  1 moore  wheel   2588 Oct 27  1997 smtp-vrfy.c
-r--r--r--  1 moore  wheel   1245 Jun 17  1997 smtp.h
-rw-r--r--  1 moore  wheel    291 Jun 17  1997 strerror.c
-rw-r--r--  1 moore  wheel  84449 Oct 11 12:12 test-data
-rw-r--r--  1 moore  wheel    347 Oct 11 12:24 test-script
-r--r--r--  1 moore  wheel    646 Jun 17  1997 text.c
-r--r--r--  1 moore  wheel    628 Jun 16  1997 text.h

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To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Patents (was Re: [Asrg] Time for the ISPs to fight back!)
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> On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Clifton Royston wrote:
> 
> >   People might want to look at the recently-implemented Postfix
> > sender verification feature in current snapshot releases.
> 
> This technique is patented and assigned to ESCOM Corporation, in US
> Patent #6,321,267 (see the section "Active User Testing")
> 
> The patent was filed 23 November 1999; if you think you have prior
> art, I encourage you to publish it.

for what it's worth, source code to do this has been available since at
least Jul 9, 1997 at ftp://cs.utk.edu/pub/moore/check_mail_addr.tar.gz

if this were enough to get this patent declared invalid, it would make my day.

Keith
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 05 Mar 2003 18:52:44 EST."
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 14:04:57 -0500

Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu> wrote:
> >   Because the behaviour of the network (machines originating mail)
> > does not match the intended behaviour.  This isn't hard to see.
> 
> *whose* intended behavior?  it certainly matches the sender's intended
> behavior.  and it's perfectly legal according to the standards, with
> good reason.

  Can I cry now?  Are you even reading what I write?

  My example involved a machine which was NOT intended to originate
SMTP.  Due to misconfiguration/bugs, it does.  The machine
administrator never intended the spammer to be able to send spam
through that machine.  Yet the spammer can do so.  This is a problem
for everybody but the spammer.

  I don't *care* about the intended behaviour of the spammer.  They're
abusing systems they were never intended to have access to.  That
abuse is causing other people problems.

> people need to be able to send mail from arbitrary locations on the
> net.

  Why?  Are there NO solutions to the roaming problem, other than
allowing any IP on the net to originate SMTP to any other IP, and
claim to be from any domain?

  I believe that such solutions exist.  They should be used.  I
believe that using them will help minimize the spam problem.

> this mail is originating from some earthlink.net IP address;  the return
> address is moore@cs.utk.edu.   it's perfectly valid for me to be using that
> return address to send mail from that IP, or from any other IP that my laptop
> happens to be connected to.

  Why?  You're stating it like it's an axiom, or a law of nature.

  Is it really impossible for you to connect to a well-known SMTP
server, which can verify you, and verify itself as a well-known SMTP
server to others?  Do you understand why such behaviour will make it
orders of magnitude easier for other SMTP servers to "qualify" SMTP
sources, and to filter out spam?

  Alan DeKok.
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 <p06000926ba8bd95837f1@[192.168.1.104]>
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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 18:10:05 -0500

At 10:30 PM +0100 3/5/03, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
>Huh? Do free speech and sender verification/signatures mutually
>exclude each other?

As discussed previously, it's a cultural thing.  The U.S. is very big 
on protected anonymous speech.  We're perfectly happy to tell 
everyone what prescription drugs you buy, but your right to speak 
anonymously is protected.  About the only things about you that can't 
be given away to anyone are what videos you buy and what books you 
check out of the library--and 9/11 got rid of the latter restriction. 
(I wish I were being funny here.)

But in any case I agree with Brad.  Requiring identification for 
bulkmailing is different.  Besides, there's always Usenet if you feel 
like broadcasting your thoughts anonymously.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP drafty
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 18:06:57 -0500

At 12:46 PM -0800 3/5/03, Brad Templeton wrote:
>It helps, but has its own annoyances.   Plus it's a loophole, in
>that spammers will just send out messages saying
>
>"This is to confirm your request to subscribe to our mailing list
>about where to get cheap penis enlargers.  Click on this link to
>confirm your subscription!"

Yes, but when combined with bulk-mailer identifier requirements, they 
can only do it once.  Of course then they keep changing the name of 
the list and calling it something new.  So then you need to determine 
whether you are talking about one request per-organization or 
per-list, or per....

So yes, it's not ideal.  And then of course lots of people can't 
figure them out.  That could be help with standard's and MUA support 
though.  Or you can just tell the client that they didn't really want 
clueless people on their mailing list anyway--a year from now they'll 
forget and report it as spam :-).
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 18:35:51 -0500

At 5:01 PM -0500 3/5/03, Keith Moore wrote:
>On Wed, 5 Mar 2003 16:26:49 -0500
>Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
>
>>  Based on monitoring the discussion for the past 18 hours or so, I
>>  think I see some trends, but maybe I'm on drugs.
>
>it's *way* too soon to be trying to draw conclusions.  most people who
>will participate in this discussion haven't even signed up yet.

Especially since it was slashdotted today.  But my comments were 
exactly what I said.  My summarization of some of the constraints 
that there seemed to be consensus on in the past 18 hours.  Nothing 
more was claimed.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 18:13:02 -0500

At 4:01 PM -0500 3/5/03, Daniel Feenberg wrote:
>We have implemented a submission port, but it is hardly a panacea. Outlook
>only supports plain text passwords (which is a step down from no
>passwords, in my opinion) and Eudora requires installing the "esoteric
>features" (which are not part of the default install). It does have the

I don't believe that either of those are true anymore.  Certainly 
Outlook supports MSN authentication, if nothing else.  And AUTH MSN 
is simply AUTH NTLM renamed (idiots).  A fact with some MTAs are 
already taking advantage of (Communigate supports it, and we just 
patched Courier to support it as well.)


-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
Cc: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Patents (was Re: [Asrg] Time for the ISPs to fight back!)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:16:15 -1000

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 06:59:18PM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> > On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Clifton Royston wrote:
> > >   People might want to look at the recently-implemented Postfix
> > > sender verification feature in current snapshot releases.
> > 
> > This technique is patented and assigned to ESCOM Corporation, in US
> > Patent #6,321,267 (see the section "Active User Testing")
> > 
> > The patent was filed 23 November 1999; if you think you have prior
> > art, I encourage you to publish it.
> 
> for what it's worth, source code to do this has been available since at
> least Jul 9, 1997 at ftp://cs.utk.edu/pub/moore/check_mail_addr.tar.gz
> 
> if this were enough to get this patent declared invalid, it would
> make my day.

  It probably is, in fact, since it was implemented and published more
than 1 year in advance of the patent filing date, but it typically
takes an actual lawsuit resulting from the holder demanding royalties
to do it.  The patent system is pretty badly broken.

  I also got a note on the Postfix list that exim has been implementing
this since at least 1998.  (Apologies if that's code you were involved
with that they're talking about; can't tell the players without a
scorecard.)

  -- Clifton

-- 
     Clifton Royston  --  LavaNet Systems Architect --  cliftonr@lava.net

  "If you ride fast enough, the Specialist can't catch you."
  "What's the Specialist?" Samantha says. 
  "The Specialist wears a hat," says the babysitter. "The hat makes noises."
  She doesn't say anything else.  
                      Kelly Link, _The Specialist's Hat_
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP drafty 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 04 Mar 2003 21:28:42 PST."
             <20030305052842.GJ14655@main.templetons.com> 
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 06:14:28 -0500

Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com> wrote:
On Tue, Mar 04, 2003 at 07:01:40PM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
> > Even at 1/1000 the rate, 100,000 spams a day is
> > problematic to deal with.
> 
> Surely no more than a couple of ISPs get that sort of volume?

  That's what I disagree with.  Many, many domains get that kind of
volume.

  Someone who gets 99.99% spam would be pleased if the spam went down
by 3 orders of magnitude, but it would still be a serious problem.

> ... So what are you arguing against that I said?

  Your belief as to the scope of the problem.  For some people, the
spam problem is 3 orders of magnitude larger than what you're seeing.
So dropping their spam loads by that amount simply means they're now
dealing with as much spam as you are.  And you're on this list,
talking about your current spam loads, and trying to fight the
problem.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts
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>   My example involved a machine which was NOT intended to originate
> SMTP.  Due to misconfiguration/bugs, it does.

that's what you get for running (probably) microsoft.  don't expect us to
impair the rest of the network to accomodate their brain damage.


> > people need to be able to send mail from arbitrary locations on the
> > net.
> 
>   Why?  Are there NO solutions to the roaming problem, other than
> allowing any IP on the net to originate SMTP to any other IP, and
> claim to be from any domain?

there is no good reason to require them to do so.

> > this mail is originating from some earthlink.net IP address;  the return
> > address is moore@cs.utk.edu.   it's perfectly valid for me to be using
> > that return address to send mail from that IP, or from any other IP that
> > my laptop happens to be connected to.
> 
>   Why?  You're stating it like it's an axiom, or a law of nature.

it's the way mail is supposed to work.  it's consciously chosen and highly
desirable behavior.

>   Is it really impossible for you to connect to a well-known SMTP
> server, which can verify you, and verify itself as a well-known SMTP
> server to others? 

yes.  furthermore, it would be undesirable to force people to connect to
servers that verified their identities.

Keith
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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
Message-ID: <20030306002417.A4477766@exeter.ac.uk>
References: <20030305073217.46f79dcb.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305125322.GA7179@danisch.de> <20030305080032.59d50373.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305203057.B4412039@exeter.ac.uk> <20030305163225.088b989c.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305222200.GH15047@danisch.de> <20030305173026.2cc1f628.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305224734.GD16824@danisch.de> <20030305180647.232f86b8.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305231539.GC17368@danisch.de>
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 00:24:17 +0000

On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 12:15:39AM +0100, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> How do you want to choose who you listen to, if there is 
> no authenticity, free forgery, and "who" doesn't have any meaning?

I think figuring out who you want to listen to is the receivers
problem, so in short practically you can't.  This is not a technical
problem with email, it is a problem with an ill-thought out
governmental law which is not compatible with existing defacto email
functionality.

If you say I won't receive any email unless it has a true name
attached to it signed by the German governments CA, well find go
ahead, but don't expect anyone else to do it, and don't expect to
receive any communications from anyone else outside Germany.

I as a sender have no obligation, and indeed in the US a legally
protected right to not have to give you any indication of my identity
(anonymity).

So your German right to not receive anonymous mail (if you've
interpreted German law correctly), is limited by the international
nature of email, such that you can't tell which mails are anonymous,
pseudonymous, nom-de-plumes etc.

I'm not sure what else could be done, different laws conflict.

As I mentioned previously laws aside (German, US or other) I think
forcing senders to identify themselves is a bad thing; and an
undesirable fall-out from your proposed solution which shows nothing
other than indicate that your proposed solution is _bad_ because it
breaks existing expecations.

btw I am not a US citizen (British / Swiss dual national), though that
is largely irrelevant; I am however a privacy advocate of cypherpunk
type leanings, and this is where the clash comes from.  

You're defining privacy by some government law, I'm defining privacy
by defacto current user control and freedoms and the notion that
government laws are bad things.  Any time you propose things that make
sense to you, or help you enforce German law I will oppose them if
they detract from my defacto rights to privacy, and reliability and
functionality of privacy relating to email.

In an international arena it pretty much comes to the same thing as
ignoring laws anyway because what government law there is is all
conflicting and variously technically dumb and against user interests,
so it would be a very bad idea for this technical discussion to
revolve around anything which is biased to any given countries laws.

Probably no solution could be found that had to meet all countries
legal requirements because I think there are even aspects which are
outright opposing (legally required, legally forbidden).


So the "we have to do dumb thing X because it's required by German/US
law" has no value to me.  If it breaks my defacto existing freedoms I
say fuck that.

I think it makes more sense to look at Brad's principles document
which expresses the defacto rights, freedoms and functionalities which
email provides; as well as pointing out a few of the above issues with
different legal systems, and with laws applying to email in general.

Really, go read it!

http://www.templetons.com/brad/spume/prin.html

Adam


> On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 06:06:47PM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> > > Ooops, doesn't it break freedom of speech if a "fresh account"
> > > is considered to be a second class citizen and not listened to?
> > 
> > no.  people have a right to choose who they listen to. 
> > nobody forces me to watch cnn either.
> 
> Lovely. Wasn't that my statement which I was heavily critized
> for?
> 
> 
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Clifton Royston <cliftonr@lava.net>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, dfs@roaringpenguin.com, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Patents (was Re: [Asrg] Time for the ISPs to fight back!)
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>   I also got a note on the Postfix list that exim has been implementing
> this since at least 1998.  (Apologies if that's code you were involved
> with that they're talking about; can't tell the players without a
> scorecard.)

as far as I know, they're completely separate.

feel free to forward my email address to anoyone who is fighting this.

(die patent holder scum!)
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> typically takes an actual lawsuit resulting from 
> the holder demanding royalties to do it.  The patent 
> system is pretty badly broken.
	Although rarely used, there is a procedure by which anyone can
ask that a US patent be "re-examined" this procedure is documented at:
http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/documents/2200_2208.htm#sect22
09

This part of the Manual for Patent Examiners says, in part:
"The reexamination statute and rules permit any person to file a request
for reexamination containing certain elements and the fee required under
37 CFR 1.20(c). The Office initially determines if "a substantial new
question of patentability" ( 35 U.S.C. 303(a)) is presented. If such a
new question has been presented, reexamination will be ordered. The
reexamination proceedings which follow the order for reexamination are
very similar to regular examination procedures in patent applications;
however, there are notable differences. For example, there are certain
limitations as to the kind of rejections which may be made, special
reexamination forms to be used, and time periods set to provide "special
dispatch." When the reexamination proceedings are terminated, a
certificate is issued which indicates the status of all claims following
the reexamination."



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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 19:32:17 -0500
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> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Keith Moore
> Sent: Wednesday, March 05, 2003 6:53 PM

> this mail is originating from some earthlink.net IP address;  
> the return
> address is moore@cs.utk.edu.   it's perfectly valid for me to 
> be using that
> return address to send mail from that IP, or from any other 

How do I know it's valid?  And if I can't tell whether it's valid,
what reason do I have to accept it?  (Setting aside, for the moment,
that the mail has been passed through a list server that has
some controls.)

I can't imagine any reason why, in theory, I would ever want to accept 
mail with a return address that I can't validate.  If you want to,
that's
you're right, but that doesn't mean that other people - whether 
end-users or mail service operators - should.  In actual practice,
people
accept such mail not because they like to get invalid mail, but because
the validation mechanisms aren't in place. 

Since someday I might actually want to receive mail from someone not
able
to send from their return domain - it means that a way to validate
such emails would be useful.

Gary


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To: "Richard" <richard@ashednearyou.fsnet.co.uk>
From: Fred Baker <fred@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Time for the ISPs to fight back!
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 16:26:03 -0800

At 07:52 PM 3/5/2003 +0000, Richard wrote:
>Instead I suggest that the detection software at ISPs should respond to 
>the spam it detects.

so you want the ISPs to be reviewing the content of your emails and 
applying an acceptable use policy? Interesting, China wants ISPs to do that 
too, and the IETF and my company have been taking a fair bit of flak from 
the civil liberties folks as a result. You might want to rethink that 
position...

>  if a high percentage responded then their system would collapse or at 
> least become a lot more expensive to run.

Not really. They simply state that their return address is someplace that 
doesn't exist (common), or is on some server other than their spam server 
(also common). You can pound the ability to unsubscribe into the ground, or 
ddos some unsuspecting system, but you'll never touch them that way. 

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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: ietf@alon.wox.org
Cc: asrg@ietf.org, Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] My Suggestion - HashCash + whitelist/auth
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 00:37:23 +0000

While I like hashcash+white lists (being hashcash inventer;-), I think
using signatures for white lists is acutally a bad thing.

You as a user don't want to sign every mail you send.  That removes
your plausible deniability.  You can then be pulled into some bogus
court case or defamation case based on this true-name signed email.
It happens frequently enough.  You're not intending casual
communications and email frequently gets heated in flame wars etc to
be legally binding documents, or things that can come back to haunt
you later.

Similarly various companies have learnt that signing everything could
be a bad idea, even retaining everything can lead to problems --
discovery process etc.

So while signing does indeed allow you to better identify the sender,
bear in mind also that it is a side-effect which breaks some of the
existing functionality of email: the relative anonymity of email,
especially with hotmail accounts, etc. compared to ISP accounts where
you may have given a credit card anyway.  And in addition even with
ISP accounts, your identity is not readily available, someone has to
get a court-order for the ISP to hand it over.  They will not always
hand the info over easily either.


Identity is not the problem we're trying to solve.  We're trying to
reduce spam.  While identity can be used to add accountability, and
therefore the hope that this would reduce spam as penalties could
perhaps be better imposed, we should recognize that it has the above
unintended negative consequences.

In addition I'd argue it's not even clear that accountability via
identity of the level that could reasonably extracted for a low cost
email account, or a free web-web account would be sufficient to
reasonably deter a spammer.  Good identification costs money, so
likely relatively cheap identification will be used, and cheap
identification is likely easy for financially motivated spammers to
break.

So of course you did say that users could by pass need for identity by
sending tokens, but I think a lower fallout approach to white listing
is to white list on first response by recipient, either at the
recipient side, or via some kind of re-usable white-list token
returned to the sender.  Then no identity infrastructure is required,
no user privacy is lost, and I would think equal amounts of spam
protection are provided.

Adam

On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 01:03:51AM +0200, ietf@alon.wox.org wrote:
>   One major problem with detecting spam is that it is hard to seperate bulk
> mail from legitimate mail for unknown senders. Therefore, I suggest the
> following two-part system:
> 
>  1. Unauthenticated senders will be required to add a token to their mail
>     indicating some amount of computation performed, specific to the
>     message and recepient, for example - creating an n-bit hash collission
>     with the message.
>     Messages without this token are returned with an explantion to the
>     sender, and perhaps with a human-verification fallback (such as
>     detecting letters in an image).
> 
>  2. When signing up to a legitimate bulk mailer (mailing list, website,
>     etc.) you either send a signed certificate with the bulk mailer's public
>     key permiting him to send you mail, or add his public key to your
>     whitelist. The same can be done for friends.
> 
>   The MUA should know if the recepient is on a whitelist by some means.
> Also, the MUA should know how much work needs to be done, this can be done
> by modifying the email address to something like me@myhost.com#10, which
> means 10 bits of hashcash are required to send mail.
> 
>   This method requires the following updates:
> 
>  1. A user wishing to enjoy spamfree email must use a compatible MUA.
>  2. Bulk-mailers must upgrade their systems to send signed mails. This can
>     be overcome in the short term using From: whitelisting.
>  3. An email address should be allowed to have "#n" in the end. It's not
>     required in the transitional phase.
>  4. The MUA of legitimate unauthenticaed senders should be configured to
>     generate the hashcash. In the transitional phase, other human-detection
>     methods will be used,
> 
>   Alon
> 
> -- 
> This message was sent by Alon Altman (alon@alon.wox.org) ICQ:1366540
> The RIGHT way to contact me is by e-mail. I am otherwise nonexistent :)
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------
>  -=[ Random Fortune ]=-
> design, v.:
> 	What you regret not doing later on.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Patents (was Re: [Asrg] Time for the ISPs to fight back!)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 19:41:03 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> if this were enough to get this patent declared invalid, it would
> make my day.

No such luck, probably.  You might be able to invalidate one or two claims,
though, which is worthwhile.  Also, knowing about prior art might make the
patent holder reluctant to enforce those particular claims.

Thanks,

David.
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts
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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003 19:32:17 -0500
"Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com> wrote:

> > From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> > Behalf Of Keith Moore
> > Sent: Wednesday, March 05, 2003 6:53 PM
> 
> > this mail is originating from some earthlink.net IP address;  
> > the return address is moore@cs.utk.edu.   it's perfectly valid for me to
> > be using that return address to send mail from that IP, or from any other

> How do I know it's valid?  

the same way you know any address is valid - unless the message is signed by a
party that you trust, you don't.  the IP address certainly doesn't tell you
that it's valid.

> And if I can't tell whether it's valid,
> what reason do I have to accept it? 

because you want to read it?  because in general there's no way for you to
know whether any sender address is valid?  because chances are, you're not
evaluating the content of this message based on who said it anyway, but based
on how much sense it makes to you.  *who* said it is mostly irrelevant.

> I can't imagine any reason why, in theory, I would ever want to accept 
> mail with a return address that I can't validate.

since you probably can't validate ANY email that you receive, why do you read
mail at all?

do you read snail mail that you can't validate?  why?  it might contain spam,
or worse, anthrax....

Keith
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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>Now as far as I know, I wrote the first challenge/response spam
>blocker 6 years ago, so I've been running tools like these longer
>than anybody else.

I believe that John Mallery of the MIT AI lab has a prior claim 
there. He wrote a challenge/response authentication callback
loop back in 1992 for the COMLINK mailer that we used to 
publish the Clinton/Gore '92 (and the other candidates who made
it available) campaign litterature on the Internet.

Nathaniel Bornstein applied the same technique to filter his mail,
spam was not a severe problem at the time but Bornstein thought
he got rather a lot of mail. He then used the same idea yet again 
as the basis of the First Virtual payment scheme. 


I don't think that the response loop idea is acceptable as a general
solution. In my view it should only be used as a last resort if
a mailer has exhausted every other means of authenticating the
sender. That means SSL, S/MIME and PGP. Nobody should be using 
intrusive means of authentication when there are non-intrusive
options available.

The reason for this should be obvious, response loop messages are
just another form of spam. I use the term spam to mean any 
unnecessary message I don't want.

As readers of the IETF list will be aware I have recently taken
exception to certain people who send a challenge every time they
get an email, unless they think the sender important enough to
be put in their whitelist.


I think it is acceptable to send a callback loop request if all
other means of authentication have been exhausted first and the
message in question has been identified as having a high 
probability of being spam. Otherwise this type of behaviour is
simply anti-social.

Another problem with some of the challenge response services on
the net is that some of them  have a pretty poor understanding of
privacy and confidentiality. One of these services recently spamed
me saying 'we notice that you recently responded to one of our
callback loops'. Sounds to me as if someone needs a session at the
blunt end of a cluebat.


		Phill

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar  5 20:48:27 2003
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From: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Organization: Ready-to-Run Software, Inc.
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Subject: [Asrg] Back to the charter
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I'm finding the large amount of discussion, albeit interesting,
also depressing, as it doesn't seem directed towards making
progress.  So let me try to get back to the earlier question
concerning the charter:

1. On the use of "Consent-Based Communication" 

The charter begins by arguing that spam is not well-defined,
and therefore moves to generalize the problem with consent-
based communications.  Let me first observe that based
on the discussion here, the definition of consent and consent-
based communication isn't clear enough.

In engineering, when a problem seems intractable, it's certainly 
a legitimate strategy to consider a different problem, as is 
being done here.  But then, unless the original problems falls 
out (as is frequently but not always the case), we must compare 
the original problem to the problem being solved.

In this case, my initial reaction was that consent-based
communication was sufficient but not necessary.  That is,
such a system could significantly address the underlying
problem, but as defined, is more general than is necessary
(at least by any obvious necessity).  But then, it occurred to
me that the approach is really just obscuring the original 
problem.  

My first take on "Consent Expression Component" was that it
was merely the mechanism to communicate my policy to the
software.  We still need a way to identify policies - and
that means coming up with some sort of meaningful definitions
for spam.  The trick is doing so, without forcing a single
definition of spam down everyone's throat.

2.  A framework for classifying definitions of spam:

So let me propose a framework:  Spam, as indicated in the
charter, is loosely defined as unwanted email.  Within that
set, there are a number of very large categories.  The 
categories are not exclusive (they may overlap), nor do
they necessarily cover the entire space (some may slip through).

Some categories are defined intuitively, e.g. "unsolicited,
commercial, bulk".  Others are defined formally, e.g. mail
for which the From field specifies a non-existent domain 
(ignoring issues of DNS reliability and timing windows).
Sometimes there will be a relationship between an intuitive
definition and a formal one; the relationship may be perfect,
or it may have holes (false positives or negatives).  The
closeness of a formal definition to an intuitive definition
is one particular measure of quality for that formal
definition.

At this point in time, arguing about the appropriateness of
any particular category (whether intuitive or formal) is 
inappropriate.  Rather, the point is to establish the structure
in which those categories can be documented and analyzed.

3.  Legal issues

The statement about legal issues limits the investigation to
the extent that legal issues affect the technology.  This needs
to be "and vice versa", i.e. should also consider the extent
to which the technology affects the legal issues.  In particular,
it is a legitimate question to ask whether the technology can
and should play a role in aided the encorceability of legal
sanctions, e.g. can and should the technology make it easier to 
find someone who violates an anti-spam law.

4.  Social issues

The charter is silent on the effect on social (and political) issues.  
The discussion here suggests that these are extremely important to
some number of people.  I'm not convinced that adding such issues
to the charter would be a wise move, but in the interest of 
completeness and fairness, I feel the need to point it out.

5.  Premises or Constraints

The charter say very little about the premises or constraints
of what falls within its scope.  The current set of discussions 
indicates that many people are working under the premise that 
existing (low-level) functionality must not be changed, or other
assumptions about approaches that would be out of bounds.  

Since this is a research group, I believe it important to do
away with preconceived notions about limits.  I also believe
it important to be explicit about this - precisely to avoid
ratholes.  In particular, proposed solution should not be
rejected a priori solely on the basis of change of functionality, 
but should be evaluated according to the same criteria mentioned
in the charter (usefulness, cost, effectivness, accuracy, etc.)

Furthermore, individual subsolutions should be evaluated in the 
context of a complete solution strategy.  In particular, if
one part of a solution breaks existing functionality, but that
purposes served by that functionality can be served by other,
new functionality,  then rather than dismissing the subsolution,
the entire solution, including the replacement of existing
functionality should be evaluted.  (Implicit in this is that
we also don't jump to a priori conclusions concerning the cost
of replacing functionality, but rather evaluate such costs 
seriously.)

I'm sure some won't agree with the above specifics.  Regardless
of the actual specifics chosen, I believe that such high-level
constraints should be clearly identfied early on and documented,
either in the charter or elsewhere.

Gary



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From: Pierre Fortin <pf@pfortin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] How to can the spam
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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003 15:33:46 -0500 Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
wrote:

> I'm only successfully able to put a "+" in my email address on web 
> forms about 75% of the time. 

Getting a + in there is generally easy...  the problem is unsub'ing from a
list you no longer want...  had a heated go-around with orbitz.com; but
they did "discover" their error and corrected it...

I make it a point to go after a big misconfigured mailer on a regular
basis...  "abuse@" attempts are pretty much ignored; but bounced failure
notices to the right people delivers an amazing level of success.  Try it
and make the world a little better for all of us...  besides... no
delivery attempt == no bounce -- which means they share in my pain and no
more...  :>

Pierre

PS:  just talking about spam doesn't do much; fighting back makes the
world better a misconfigured mailer at a time... 
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To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 21:48:53 -0500

At 11:52 AM -0500 3/5/03, Alan DeKok wrote:
>"David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> wrote:
>>  Well, Alan, I have no idea what you did to attract that much spam, but
>>  I assure you, it's unusual.  None of my clients nor the 500+ people on
>>  the MIMEDefang mailing list have reported anywhere near the spam stats
>  > on striker.ottawa.on.ca
>
>   That's why I joined this list, and why I'm making such noise about
>the issue.  Everyone I talk to complains about the spam "problem", and
>they get 3 orders of magnitude less spam than I do.

I have to say that your stats certainly are up there.  Have you 
looked at the incoming email at all?  For instance when I was getting 
tens of thousands of messages to olga@somewhere.com some 
investigation showed that it was due to one company shipping their 
internet-enabled video camera configured to send email to that 
address.  And half a million of my bounces (just over the past year) 
are due to skynetworks.fi, which has a misconfigured program and 
refuses to reply to my messages.  (Summary of somewhere.com's traffic 
at http://www.spamwatcher.com/tools/logs/cgp/, it's done as though 
bounces were web hits, but it works).

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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 <p0600093fba8c13b2e4fd@[192.168.1.104]> <20030305120349.C15588@lava.net>
To: Clifton Royston <cliftonr@lava.net>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Time for the ISPs to fight back!
Cc: Richard <richard@ashednearyou.fsnet.co.uk>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 19:22:47 -0500

At 12:03 PM -1000 3/5/03, Clifton Royston wrote:
>   This is only a few months old, but it does, nicely and carefully, a
>lot of what people are discussing or asking for.
>
>* In verifying the sender address, it gets as far as connecting, doing
>MAIL FROM: <> and verifying a 250/5xx for the RCPT TO, then does a RSET
>on the machine it is verifying it on before disconnecting.

This verifies that the mail from is valid, or is at an ISP that 
doesn't do front-line checking of user validity.  If it becomes wide 
spread then spammers have two obvious solutions.

1. Use real from addresses from real users (but not the spammers of 
course).  This is already happening some, this just makes it worse.

2. Assemble lists of of mail servers that don't immediately validate 
users, but say "yes" to everything.  At which point of course, some 
RBL will be set up to blacklist such servers :-).


I'd put this in the category of techniques that work well only 
because they aren't widely deployed.

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 05 Mar 2003 19:15:18 EST."
             <20030305191518.1807af4c.moore@cs.utk.edu> 
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 16:42:45 -0500

Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu> wrote:
> >   My example involved a machine which was NOT intended to originate
> > SMTP.  Due to misconfiguration/bugs, it does.
> 
> that's what you get for running (probably) microsoft.  don't expect us to
> impair the rest of the network to accomodate their brain damage.

  Ad hominem attacks don't validate your position.  Reasoned,
evidence-based arguments validate your position.

> > > this mail is originating from some earthlink.net IP address;  the return
> > > address is moore@cs.utk.edu.   it's perfectly valid for me to be using
> > > that return address to send mail from that IP, or from any other IP that
> > > my laptop happens to be connected to.
> > 
> >   Why?  You're stating it like it's an axiom, or a law of nature.
> 
> it's the way mail is supposed to work.  it's consciously chosen and highly
> desirable behavior.

  Ah.  So it's an axiomatic property of the network, and you're
unwilling or unable to justify your position.  Thanks for verifying
that little bit of nonsense.

> yes.  furthermore, it would be undesirable to force people to connect to
> servers that verified their identities.

  Why?

  Oh, never mind.  You've made it clear that you have no intention of
showing *reasons* for your opinions.  Everyone should just believe you,
because (by Jove) they're *you're* opinions.

  <plonk>

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Time for the ISPs to fight back!
In-Reply-To: <p0600094dba8c44ab5f91@[192.168.1.104]>
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 22:01:24 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> 1. Use real from addresses from real users (but not the spammers of
> course).  This is already happening some, this just makes it worse.

Even easier, use <> as the sender address.  Or abuse@somedomain,
postmaster@somedomain, or any other address that is very likely to exist.

I'm already seeing an increase in spam from <>.

--
David.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Back to the charter 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 05 Mar 2003 20:42:15 EST."
             <007701c2e381$9d71c340$4d9cf140@rtr.com> 
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 17:00:33 -0500

"Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com> wrote:
> 1. On the use of "Consent-Based Communication" 
> 
> The charter begins by arguing that spam is not well-defined,
> and therefore moves to generalize the problem with consent-
> based communications.  Let me first observe that based
> on the discussion here, the definition of consent and consent-
> based communication isn't clear enough.

  Everyone talks about "consent" in relation to the end user who
receives email.  The other parties in the process are ignored.

  When someone installs a broken piece of software which can be abused
to send spam, did they consent to such abuse?

  When someone receives email with forged 'from' lines, did the other
domain consent to that forgery?

  When someone receives email from another site, do they consent to
accepting any kind of lies or deception embodied in that email?

  The answer to all of these questions, I believe, is "No."  Achieving
consent-based email for these parties will *not* involve content
filtering, and will get rid of probably 90% of the spam.

  The left over spam will come from people who publicly admit that
they consent to sending spam.  Everyone else can individually agree
that they do *not* consent to receiving email from such people.  (But
that's a political decision, not a technical one.)

  A goal of this group should be updating the technology to allow
people to have informed consent, and to make informed decisions as to
which email satisifes their political or ecomonical objectives.  The
current lies and deception which are permitted in SMTP do not allow
these sort of informed decisions to be made.

  Instead, we have ad-hoc filters, which try to insinuate someone
else's intent, or consent, by doing content-based filtering.  That
doesn't scale.

> We still need a way to identify policies - and
> that means coming up with some sort of meaningful definitions
> for spam.  The trick is doing so, without forcing a single
> definition of spam down everyone's throat.

  Sure.  Multiple definitions would help.  A start could be:

  "Spam is AT LEAST any email which is not intended to be sent from a
network."

  e.g. Unknowing open relays in schools in Korea, abused by people in
the U.S.  If it was legitimate email from Korea, then the 'from' line
would be from the school.  If it was legitimate email from someone in
the U.S., then they could send the mail directly themselves.

> So let me propose a framework:  Spam, as indicated in the
> charter, is loosely defined as unwanted email.

  Unwanted by who?  Odds are often that the administrator of the IP
sending the spam doesn't want it, either.

> At this point in time, arguing about the appropriateness of
> any particular category (whether intuitive or formal) is 
> inappropriate.  Rather, the point is to establish the structure
> in which those categories can be documented and analyzed.

  I agree.  Proposed solutions to a vague and ill-defined problem
aren't helpful.

> In particular, it is a legitimate question to ask whether the
> technology can and should play a role in aided the encorceability of
> legal sanctions, e.g. can and should the technology make it easier
> to find someone who violates an anti-spam law.

  I would say that the technology should make it possible to make
informed legal decisions.  Tracking down a spammer is just one part of
that process.

> The charter say very little about the premises or constraints
> of what falls within its scope.  The current set of discussions 
> indicates that many people are working under the premise that 
> existing (low-level) functionality must not be changed, or other
> assumptions about approaches that would be out of bounds.  

  I know I would appreciate it if people made their assumptions
explicit.

> Furthermore, individual subsolutions should be evaluated in the 
> context of a complete solution strategy.

  ... within a well-defined problem space.  I'm not even sure we have
that.

  But I think you've made a good start on narrowing the discussion.

  Alan DeKok.
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Date: 6 Mar 2003 03:17:33 +0000

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 08:42:15PM -0500, Gary Feldman allegedly wrote:
> I'm finding the large amount of discussion, albeit interesting,
> also depressing, as it doesn't seem directed towards making
> progress.  So let me try to get back to the earlier question
> concerning the charter:
> 
> 1. On the use of "Consent-Based Communication" 
> 
> The charter begins by arguing that spam is not well-defined,
> and therefore moves to generalize the problem with consent-
> based communications.  Let me first observe that based
> on the discussion here, the definition of consent and consent-
> based communication isn't clear enough.

True enough, Gary. As with others I have no idea about the original
intent and meaning of "Consent-Based Communication". A term I would
prefer is "Permission-Based Communication" but that's really a nit.

The key to me is this: with the current system, the sender has way too
much influence over whether an email shows up in my Inbox or not. To
my mind, "Consent-Based" means that the decision about whether an
email shows up in my Inbox needs to be slanted much more towards me
rather than the sender.

In short, we need to give Inbox control back to the recipient. In that
light I guess that "consent" means something like "I consent to your
mail showing up in my Inbox and if I choose otherwise, you cannot
override my lack of consent". Or crudely, "My Inbox, my rules".

That to me is the high level goal. Return control to the user.


Regards.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200303060334.h263YXN2008474@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 20:34:33 -0700 (MST)

> From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
> To: Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>


> >   So what are my alternatives?  Give up on email?  Pay $2k/year to
> > upgrade my equipment?
>
> Change your domain and start fresh.  Publish MX records for your old
> domain that point to 127.0.0.1.

It is also effective to become known as a net-nazi anti-comerz flamer
by reporting spam to ISPs and especially spammer-friendly ISPs that
will pass your addresses to the less insane spammers.  I recommend
never contacting spammers directly unless you are entertained by odd
phone calls, mail bombs, legal threats, more and sometimes less veiled
threats of violence, sendsys bombs, test-group bombs, and so forth from
the less stable spammers.  I've long since become bored by such stuff,
and so try hard to never contact spammers.  Spam friendly ISPs are pretty
good at shielding spam reporters from the whackos but helping the others
"list-wash."

I say this based on reports from other people and comparisons between
the spam sent toward my mailbox and spam sent to my several 100 traps.
The traps see a lot more spam that hits my filters.  Even the traps
that exist only hidden among the HTML of my web pages do pretty well
compared to vjs@rhyolite.com which is openly visible on the same web
pages as well as many other places.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts
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> > >   My example involved a machine which was NOT intended to originate
> > > SMTP.  Due to misconfiguration/bugs, it does.
> > 
> > that's what you get for running (probably) microsoft.  don't expect us to
> > impair the rest of the network to accomodate their brain damage.
> 
>   Ad hominem attacks don't validate your position.  Reasoned,
> evidence-based arguments validate your position.

fair enough.  so I'll state the same thing with less flamage:  if you have
software bugs, the thing you need to do is fix your software, not expect
people to degrade the flexibility of the network.  the network needs to be
predictable and behave in a uniform fashion, independently of location, if
software is to be able to work correctly from one machine to another, and one
location to another.

> > > > this mail is originating from some earthlink.net IP address;  the
> > > > return address is moore@cs.utk.edu.   it's perfectly valid for me to
> > > > be using that return address to send mail from that IP, or from any
> > > > other IP that my laptop happens to be connected to.
> > > 
> > >   Why?  You're stating it like it's an axiom, or a law of nature.
> > 
> > it's the way mail is supposed to work.  it's consciously chosen and highly
> > desirable behavior.
> 
>   Ah.  So it's an axiomatic property of the network, and you're
> unwilling or unable to justify your position. 

it's not an axiom.  it's part of the design.  it is desirable for domains to
be independent of network location (for instance, so a domain can encompass
multiple locations that are distant from one another, or so a domain can have
multiple network prefixes -- but more generally because domains are not
intended to name locations in the network topology).  it's also part of the
design that email addresses are not tied to locations in the network, and that
the From address is settable by the originator.  if you look at RFC 822 then
you'll see examples of this.


> > yes.  furthermore, it would be undesirable to force people to connect to
> > servers that verified their identities.
> 
>   Why?

because anonymous speech is valuable, and valuable speech can be suppressed
when people are not allowed to speak anonymously.

Keith

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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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At 5:29 PM -0800 3/5/03, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>there. He wrote a challenge/response authentication callback
>loop back in 1992 for the COMLINK mailer that we used to
>publish the Clinton/Gore '92 (and the other candidates who made
>it available) campaign litterature on the Internet.

The other problem with challenge/response systems is that there's a 
missing link in the interface.

I go to a web site and purchase something.  They send me an email 
receipt.  How exactly are they going to automatically get through my 
challenge response?  And don't say "you should have whitelisted 
them."  J. Random User is not going to do it unless it's as simple as 
hitting a single button.  Not to mention the question of "whitelist 
*what*?"  Their sales address?  Their support address?  Their domain? 
And using what authentication system?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, cliftonr@lava.net, richard@ashednearyou.fsnet.co.uk,
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Time for the ISPs to fight back!
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> 
> I'd put this in the category of techniques that work well only 
> because they aren't widely deployed.

it doesn't even work well any more.  okay, it does still catch some spam
from naive spammers, but it's nowhere nearly sufficient.
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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
To: "Asrg@ietf.org" <Asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] filtering at connect time
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 11:05:36 +0700
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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:18:14 -0800 (PST), Michael Marking wrote:

>It is certainly premature to assume that the net cost of one solution
>(such as eliminating open relays) exceeds or trails the net cost of
>another solution (such as content filtering). This is especially true in
>that one user's individual situation may differ greatly from that of
>others' situations. If there is not an extremely good and compelling
>reason to impose the values of the majority on everyone, then it is both
>unethical, and poor engineering, to do so.

I beg to add a perspective here that seems missing, which is that
society values the principle that each person must  be responsible
for his actions, and those causing injury must cover the losses,
not the victims.

This is a grave flaw with all the filtering technologies: it is
living in the "make the victims pay" world.      No proposal will
gather public acceptance which is based on the "make the victims
pay" model.   

The burden is rightly on the owners of the open relays, not on 
their victims.

Jeffrey Race

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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
From: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
Subject: Re: free-speech and anonymity are related (Re: [Asrg] MTP
  drafty)
Cc: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>,
        Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 20:09:46 -0800

At 11:28 PM 3/5/2003 +0100, you wrote:
>On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 09:58:44PM +0000, Adam Back wrote:
> > Think about it, there is a relationship between free-speech and
> > anonymity.
>
>Yup, of course there is a relationship:
>
>The need for anonymity corresponds to the lack of freedom of speech.
>Think about it.

Agreed, but like all freedoms its up to each of us to perfect it, as it 
applies to us, as much as we can.  Its an acknowledgement that legal or not 
if you upset the powerful you may face unpleasant consequences.  Depending 
on mathematics to protect our freedoms, when it is capable, is a lot safer 
than trusting laws, police, judges, juries and especially politicians.

steve

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> Furthermore, individual subsolutions should be evaluated in the 
> context of a complete solution strategy.

I believe that this is the alpha and omega of this problem. 

I don't think that any authentication based approach is practical unless
filters are first deployed on a widespread basis. The early adopter
value of authentication based approaches is to ensure that bona fide
messages can get past filters that support authentication.

Contrawise filters are only going to get so far. I have sen people spend
a considerable amount of time and effort on Bayesian approaches to
events data. Those results suggest that it is highly unlikely that Bayes
is a magic bullet that eliminates 99.5% of spam with no false positives
in the general case.

If the spam continues to increase at an exponential rate no filter that
is less than 100% accurate is going to provide an acceptable solution
for very long.

Combine filtering with authentication and you have the elements of a
robust short and long term solution.


Another aspect of the complete solution approach is the legal and policy
side. I do not believe that we should simply abandon that aspect on
ideological grounds. I know that many members of the group have little
faith in their governments, I do not share that view (although I may
share it in the case of particular governments). 

At the very least we should recognize that even if legislation may not
make the spam problem better bad legislation could make it worse.

The possibility should not be excluded that a technological proposal
might make a the difference between a particular legislative proposal
being feasible or not. For example in the US the crux of the policy
issue is the problem of OPT-IN/OPT-OUT. If you read the Nixon decision
you will see that any blanket ban on spam risks being stuck down on
first ammendment grounds. But an onp-out list can be abused by spamers.
I believe that the proposal I made some time ago while I was at MIT for
one way encrypted opt-out lists finnesses the difficulties identified in
this respect. I will circulate a paper on that topic shortly.


		Phill

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] My Suggestion - HashCash + whitelist/auth
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 21:18:42 -0700 (MST)

> From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>

> ...
> So of course you did say that users could by pass need for identity by
> sending tokens, but I think a lower fallout approach to white listing
> is to white list on first response by recipient, either at the
> recipient side, or via some kind of re-usable white-list token
> returned to the sender.  Then no identity infrastructure is required,
> no user privacy is lost, and I would think equal amounts of spam
> protection are provided.


> On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 01:03:51AM +0200, ietf@alon.wox.org wrote:
> ...

> >  1. Unauthenticated senders will be required to add a token to their mail
> ...

As far as I can tell, both of you are talking about the same thing 
that http://habeas.com is offering.

I'm not really a fan of that idea, but it seems to be a complete and upward
compatible implementation of what you want.  It also does not require
a lot of new, implausible (or already proven impossible) PKI or similar
infrastructure.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
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> From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>

> ...
> me too.  which is why I don't want an identity that is tracable to the 
> actual sender to the message; instead, I want an identity that can only
> be associated with whether the sender has a history of sending abusive

Because even in Germany it is evidently easy to get new Internet identities,
I susepct you don't want a token or identity associate with *whether*
there is a history of abuse but an identity that has a long history of
no abuse, or for non-spam-friendly ISPs, just a long history.

Contrary to recent claims, it is evidently easy to get throw-away,
practically anonymous online identities in Germany.  Check your spam
archives and notice how much there is from the several free mail providers
in .de and from the mcdeutschland.de/gmx.co.uk/gmx.net/inminds.co.uk/-
kundenserver.de/schlund.de/schlund.net spam haus.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of
 source tracking)
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On Wed, 5 Mar 2003 21:33:15 -0700 (MST)
Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:

> > From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
> 
> > ...
> > me too.  which is why I don't want an identity that is tracable to the 
> > actual sender to the message; instead, I want an identity that can only
> > be associated with whether the sender has a history of sending abusive
> 
> Because even in Germany it is evidently easy to get new Internet identities,
> I susepct you don't want a token or identity associate with *whether*
> there is a history of abuse but an identity that has a long history of
> no abuse, or for non-spam-friendly ISPs, just a long history.

depends on the point-of-view.

speaking as a sender of email, I'd like to be able to establish a good
reputation for not sending spam, and I'd like to be able to carry this
identity and reputation with me from one ISP to another, and perhaps even from
one email address to another. 

speaking as a recipient of email, I'd like to have the ability to find out
something about the originator of any message that I might receive, before I
receive it.  if the originator has a long history, that's really useful.  but
if not, it's useful if I can tell that the originator has a very short
history.  

e.g. oh, you just got your account today?  and your ISP is notorious for
harboring spammers? sorry, I'm not going to accept any mail from you for 3
days - after which time I'll see if your reputation has suddenly become
worse...

alternatively: oh, you just got your account, but your ISP is a serious
anti-spam AUP with stiff fines for those who violate it?  okay, I'll accept
mail from you then even though you are a newbie.



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I've reread RFC 2052 which doesn't have underscores in their examples.
Strange, I could've sworn they were there.

No matter, it's a simple matter of searching and destroying them in the
draft, and I haven't submitted it to the IETF yet, so no need to change the
revision number.

Updated copy:
<http://www.pan-am.ca/draft-ietf-asrg-dsprotocol-00.txt>

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] DS and Underscores
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> The idea is interesting, nonetheless... but I think you
> should take a look
> into RFC 1034/1035 and their updates before going any further...

RFC 2181 section 11 clairifies this.  Already we see things like "/" in
in-addr-arpa records (RFC 2317) and it's clear that these aren't host names
and therefore aren't bound by host name restrictions.

I am looking at using these in A RR records though where they could be
assumed to be host records, and RFC 2052 seems to have dropped the
underscore character.  There was concern that not having underscores would
make it possible to not distinguish DS records from hosts named "ds".  I
have to concede, however, that hosts named like "ds.client.smtp.tcp" are not
very likely.

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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 18:32:53 +1100

At 15:39 5/03/03 -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>At 1:44 PM -0500 3/5/03, Keith Moore wrote:
>><issues with the definition of consent deleted>
>
>Is there any help defining this kind of fuzzy problem in the legal 
>system?  I'm thinking particularly of how "harassment" gets defined in 
>laws.  Does anyone know?

Consent is a fairly mature concept in law. In fact there's an entire book 
on it. In fact there's probably several, but the one I'm thinking of is by 
a NSW judge (Chief Justice in Equity Young, as he is now) who has had very 
enlightening things to say about consent from the bench.

Having consent means that the person has given another permission to do 
something. Consent can only be given, it can't be assumed, although it may 
be capable of being inferred by some other words or action. For example, if 
a girl leans in and puckers her lips, she's probably consenting to be kissed.

Consent can also be "implied" by circumstances, for example, having an 
electronic mailbox accessible via SMTP implies consent to receive personal 
email, because that's the exact thing SMTP was designed for. This implied 
consent is available to everybody until explicitly revoked.

So Keith's concerns about the impact of Chris's definition of consent 
aren't particularly justified if we look at consent as the law defines it, 
since the circumstances he cites as objections are circumstances where 
implied consent already clearly exists.

There are, however, other potential objections, so I won't deny that in 
isolation the definition is problematic, since Chris also mentioned an 
accompanying definition - a definition of spam as being "unsolicited bulk 
email".

If we are saying that consent of the kind Chris described is required for 
"unsolicited bulk email", we have probably narrowed it down to a level that 
is within the realms of agreeability. Happily, you have also narrowed it 
down to the realms where implied consent no longer exists.

You see, consent - however it arises - only goes to the specific type of 
action that would normally be contemplated in the consent. There is implied 
consent for somebody to use your front garden path to gain access to your 
front door to knock on it, but if the path goes by your bedroom window 
there is no implied consent to use the path for the purpose of peering into 
that window at night. In both cases the act of using the path is the same, 
but in one case there is consent, and in the other case the very use of the 
path is outside of the consent.

Similarly, an open shop door implies consent to enter, but the consent does 
not extend to consent to enter for the purpose of theft - a thief is a 
trespasser even though a person who walked in and followed their exact 
trail is not a trespasser because they were within the scope of consent.

So the commonly expressed view in anti-spam circles is:

         Person to person email does not require consent.
         One to many email does require consent.

The view in legal circles is:

         Person to person email has implied consent.
         One to many email requires active consent.

The intent of the variations is identical - it's just a matter of viewing 
the problem from the perspective of technical disciplines on the one hand, 
and the legal discipline on the other.
--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts
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... somehow, the idea of 'eliminating' "POP" accounts falls short of a
reasoned solution.  if i'm mistaken, and this a viable alternative, why
not eliminate SMTP altogether ...


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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Roland <list-asrg@openrbl.org>
Cc: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 09:57:10 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 11:47:56PM +0000, Roland wrote:
> 
> Anybody should be able to manually send a couple of mails
> without any authentication or registration, and a few
> occasional spams or 419 sent that way dont justify any
> totalitary approach.
> 

Agreed. 

The failure is that this sender's right currently needs
to cut any recipient's right.


The current view of this thing is to keep the sender's
rights as strong as possible, and to not care, to not
give even a cent for the recipient's rights.

Don't get me wrong. I do not want to cut anyone's rights.
I want to strengthen the recipient's rights, who is after
all a citizen as well and also can demand protection.

From my point of view, the currently exhibited objections
are based on ignorance and violation of the recipients rights.


Hadmut
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Cc: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 10:05:40 +0100

On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 12:24:17AM +0000, Adam Back wrote:
> 
> I think figuring out who you want to listen to is the receivers
> problem, so in short practically you can't.

I see. 

Did I get this correctly? The senders is protected by the
constitution, and is free to send whatever rubbish he wants to send, 
with any name he wants to use, maybe anonymously, maybe with any
forged name, to any victim he wants to molest on the victim's expense?

And it's just the victims own business how to deal with it?

Is it possibly that your point of view and your constitution suffer
from a little asymmetry? 

After all, if I follow you, the consequence it to protect spam, not
to fight against it...

Hadmut

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: abuse <abuse@aniota.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 10:29:32 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 11:55:16PM -0800, abuse wrote:
> 
> ... somehow, the idea of 'eliminating' "POP" accounts falls short of a
> reasoned solution.  if i'm mistaken, and this a viable alternative, why
> not eliminate SMTP altogether ...

Maybe you'd understand it a little bit better if you'd read more
than just the subject line. 

POP accounts are not to be "eliminated", they are to be bundled
with SMTP relay services. The solution already is implemented in
most modern MUAs for at least year now. 

Hadmut


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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 10:26:01 +0100

On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 09:33:15PM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> 
> Contrary to recent claims, it is evidently easy to get throw-away,
> practically anonymous online identities in Germany.  Check your spam
> archives and notice how much there is from the several free mail providers
> in .de and from the mcdeutschland.de/gmx.co.uk/gmx.net/inminds.co.uk/-
> kundenserver.de/schlund.de/schlund.net spam haus.
> 


Gotcha. You've trapped yourself.

I indeed received a few (only very few compared to @hotmail and
@yahoo) spam messages with senders from @gmx and I complained at
gmx. In all cases gmx replied that the given account/e-mail address
never has existed. It was just random forgery.

And suddenly we're back to the main problem, the authenticity.

Do you see your own contradiction in terms?

You're talking about "evidently easy to get identities". 
You're talking about "evidence" in context of randomly
forged sender addresses. 

You're blaming providers for accounts that never existed, because you
simply trust the forged sender address given in spam without any
verification, and call this "evidence"???


Hadmut





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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Back to the charter
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 09:34:56 +0000

> 
> The charter begins by arguing that spam is not well-defined,
> and therefore moves to generalize the problem with consent-
> based communications.  Let me first observe that based
> on the discussion here, the definition of consent and consent-
> based communication isn't clear enough.
> 
> In engineering, when a problem seems intractable, it's certainly 
> a legitimate strategy to consider a different problem, as is 
> being done here.  But then, unless the original problems falls 
> out (as is frequently but not always the case), we must compare 
> the original problem to the problem being solved.
> 

I'm not sure that "consent-based communication" is a different problem.
I believe it will be a very powerful generalisation and should allow us
to discuss the key issues without getting bogged down in arguments
about content classification, free-speech, politics etc.

The charter directs us to consider "architecture" and "framework".
I don't believe that that we're seeking anti-spam systems per se, rather
that we're working towards a system that enables their development.


The generalisation should lead us to consider:
  The entities which grant and seek consent
  (are they recipients/senders or "autonomous systems"?  Both?
   The charter refers to "recipients" 
      - is a recipient an email address?
        a personal email address?
        the person behind a set of email addresses?
        a robot?
        an network / mail system ?
  )

  The nature of the communication
  (content? traffic characteristics? other stuff?)

I like the generalisation, let's work with it.


 




--
Regards,
Jon Kyme

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 11:53:15 +0100

Peoples of the world, listen:


  I, the legal owner and emperor of the domain "danisch.de", hereby
  declare to the world, that all mail from this domain will be
  delivered from the IP address 213.133.101.23 only. I kindly ask
  you to not accept any mail with a sender address of this domain
  delivered from any other IP address, since it is considered to be
  forged. Thank you for your cooperation.


In what way would such a statement infringe anyone else's 
constitutional or other rights?

Hadmut
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To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
cc: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, <Asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of
 source tracking)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 01:29:17 -0800 (PST)

This can be done with certificates. User can either get his own certificate from
some trusted entity or he can get it from the isp itself (possibly automaticly
during the time, email is submitted through ISP mail server). The certificate
itself is verified through special dns pointer (callback) and if its ok, 
added to the chain for the receiving mail server. Recepient when seeing 
the message, if its spam can report it to his ISP, which either modifies 
some good/bad value at its mail server as it is related to the certificate 
or alerts mail admin. Certificate would also contain some trace  information
about the sender (if auto-generated, this would be authorzation information
used for submission, such as userid and ip of the mail origin). Problems 
still remain though as certificates by users engaged in email marketing 
would be often regenerated (with new domains) so some tracking to ip 
address would still be necessary.

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> On Wed, 5 Mar 2003 21:33:15 -0700 (MST)
> Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> 
> > > From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
> > 
> > > ...
> > > me too.  which is why I don't want an identity that is tracable to the 
> > > actual sender to the message; instead, I want an identity that can only
> > > be associated with whether the sender has a history of sending abusive
> > 
> > Because even in Germany it is evidently easy to get new Internet identities,
> > I susepct you don't want a token or identity associate with *whether*
> > there is a history of abuse but an identity that has a long history of
> > no abuse, or for non-spam-friendly ISPs, just a long history.
> 
> depends on the point-of-view.
> 
> speaking as a sender of email, I'd like to be able to establish a good
> reputation for not sending spam, and I'd like to be able to carry this
> identity and reputation with me from one ISP to another, and perhaps even from
> one email address to another. 
> 
> speaking as a recipient of email, I'd like to have the ability to find out
> something about the originator of any message that I might receive, before I
> receive it.  if the originator has a long history, that's really useful.  but
> if not, it's useful if I can tell that the originator has a very short
> history.  
> 
> e.g. oh, you just got your account today?  and your ISP is notorious for
> harboring spammers? sorry, I'm not going to accept any mail from you for 3
> days - after which time I'll see if your reputation has suddenly become
> worse...
> 
> alternatively: oh, you just got your account, but your ISP is a serious
> anti-spam AUP with stiff fines for those who violate it?  okay, I'll accept
> mail from you then even though you are a newbie.
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> Asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: [Asrg] RE: Requirements for source tracking
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> From: "Raymie Stata" <raymie@cs.ucsc.edu>
> Reply-To: "Raymie Stata" <raymie@cs.ucsc.edu>
> Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 00:39:25 -0800
> Subject: [Asrg] Requirements for source tracking
>
<snip>
>
> Here are a few opinions:
>
> * Message vs. envelope sender.
>
> I think the focus should be on message sender and/or domain, not the
> envelope sender/domain.  At first glance, the envelope sender/domain
> appears to have practical advantages over the message sender/domain,
> but at closer inspection I think these disappear (anyone disagree?).
> On the flip side, the message domain/sender is what the USER sees (and
> is what most filtering software uses), so it seems like this is what
> should be subjected to tracing.  (This seems contrary to the schemes
> I've seen posted so far, which seem to focus on the envelope sender
> and/or domain.)

I think you may run into problems as soon as you start looking at content;
RFC821 (or sucessors) is not restricted to transferring content encoded
using RFC822 (or successors).  For example, a secure email system might
choose to encrypt the whole of the content as provided by the originator
(not Recived-From: headers, which could be prefixed unencrypted, as they are
not provided by the originator) which means nothing other than the sending
and receiving MUAs can see the From: header (if there is one), so the
message with untrackable source can't be chopped off close to source and
continues to waste bandwidth and to delay download of non-spam email at the
receiving MUA (since it has to be downloaded and encrypted before the From:
header is known to be fake).  So tracing the Mail_From: domain may not be
the best basis for attacking spam. The same applies to content-filter based
solutions, of course. I don't think this is an insuperable objection to
basing things on the From: header but you do need to look at all the
consequences of doing so.
Another problem is that authentication of From: headers requires change in
the sending MUA (as does useful authentication of the envelope sender too);
authenticating the trail of MTAs doesn't require change in the sending MUA.
SInce it will take years for a protocol extension to spread around the
internet, and we can be sure that spammers will not adopt the extension in
their sending MUAs until the take-up is very high amongst users, might it
not be better to go for trail authentication?

> * Advocates of DNS-mapping approaches (appear to) claim that this
> approach requires less change to existing infrastructure than do
> cryptographic approaches.  I question this claim.  The DNS-mapping
> schemes I've seen all involve adding new records to a domain's DNS
> record-set.  Of course, DNS can be used to distribute keys as well
> as addresses, so it seems like a cryptographic scheme could be built
> with exactly the same amount of change required by a DNS-mapping
> scheme (viz., the addition of DNS records).

This is obviously correct, and adding key records strikes me as more likely
to be useful than the other suggested additions. I'm still inclined to
distrust anything DNS-based though (although I can't think of a better way
of distributing such a massive set of public keys).

Having the keys available would be useful for envelope sendeer
authentication as much as for message sender authentication; equally for
trail authentication (each MTA signs the Received-From: header that ut
inserts). I would prefer to see all three things authenticated together -
this can sometimes help when a key has been compromised - to be as sure as
possible of identifying the spammer.


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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 12:15:22 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> No, by your own numbers, that's empirically suggested for only 20% of spam.

A cheap test that stops 20% of spam is good.

If you're looking for a single approach that stops most spam, forget
it.

We are facing a tough battle that will take lots of tools and techniques,
each of which stops a bit of spam.  With luck, in concert, we'll be able
to stop "most" spam, where "most" means enough that it's worth doing.

--
David.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs the third world
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 17:53:05 +0000 (GMT)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Eric S. Johansson wrote:

> Matt Sergeant wrote:
> > I'm new on the list so forgive me if this has been mentioned already (the 
> > archives don't seem complete).
> > 
> > It seems to me that sender pays means the third world gets excluded from 
> > email communication. Whether it's actual money or if it's just CPU cycles, 
> > that model simply doesn't work for a group of people trying to communicate 
> > effectively with "richer" nations. You might as well just use 
> > http://www.blackholes.us/
> 
> not true.  If you design the sender pays system correctly, even weak machines
> can participate.  In the camram model, only the first couple of messages have
> "high-cost" Stamps.  Every other message to a known recipient or from a known
> recipient comes at a much lower cost.

The latter part does not make my statement false. There are lots of
systems where the majority of email recipients are first-timers.

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: Keith, Hadmut both right RE: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP account
	s
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 04:50:18 -0800

Keith and Hadmut both have valid points. It is futile to expect Keith to
change his POP configuration. However Hadmunt is correct in stating that a
DNS name owner should have the right to be able to control the manner in
which email is sent from their zone.

I have a particular sympathy for Keith's issue since it is actually one that
affects many VeriSign (Network Solutions) customers. These customers buy a
hosted mail service with their domain name. In many cases they take their
incomming mail via the NetSol service but relay their outgoing mail through
the mail servers of their ISP. In many cases they have no choice about this
as the ISP blocks outgoing port 25.


Let us assunme for a moment that the Internet community will accept such a
disruptive change that provides no value until widely deployed. How long
would such a change take to deploy?

In an earlier message someone said changing the infrastructure would 'take
years without Microsoft and Qualcom'. I have news for folk who believe that,
it will take years WITH Microsoft, Lotus, AOL, Qualcomm and the rest.
Without it will take decades. Transition strategies are key.


The key to any authentication based approach in an environment where there
are many parties with no authentication capability at all is to have a
mechanism to exzpress and distribute the authentication policy of a
particular party.

The limitation to the RMX approach and the various lightweight
authentication mechanisms is that they only support one means of
authentication at one level of the protocol stack. It should be possible for
a zone to choose any authentication mechanism that suits their
configuration. Hedmund directs all his mail through one central server and
so can use a transport or packet layer authentication mechanism. Keith does
not send his mail through a particular mail server and so any authentication
mechanism he chose to use would have to be message based. He could use PGP
or S/MIME.


This same problem is biting us when we try to deploy IPSEC on an Internet
wide basis. Most nodes are insecure. So how do you know whether an apprently
insecure site is actually a secure site that has been the victim of a
downgrade attack.

I am currently writing a draft that proposes a generic security policy
expression mechanism for Internet protocols. This is a logical counterpart
of work that VeriSign, IBM and Microsoft have recently published that
defines security (and other) policies for Web Services.


Clearly the most appropriate mechanism for distribution of such a mechanism
is likely to be DNS. However I believe that any proposal should be generic
enough to be compatible with other bindings.

A DNS binding is likely to benefit from DNSSEC, although not if DNSSEC can't
be deployed in dotCOM and dotNET. I do not agree that securing the DNS is a
precondition for being able to make use of DNS based security policies to
secure email transport for the purposes of spam control. The widespread DNS
spoofing scenarios proposed are theoretical not practical. And if they did
prove to be practical it would merely create the currently missing
imperative for DNSSEC deployment - not a bad thing in itself.
 

I intend to circulate a preliminary draft before the SF IETF, I know I have
missed the cut off but I will post to the list. I believe that such a work
item could be persued as a focused WG in the IETF without waiting for this
research group to terminate since it would only be part of the solution to
spam and would address a problem more general than spam. I intend to propose
a BOF for the Vienna meeting.

		Phill


> -----Original Message-----
> From: abuse [mailto:abuse@aniota.com]
> Sent: Thursday, March 06, 2003 2:55 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts
> 
> 
> 
> ... somehow, the idea of 'eliminating' "POP" accounts falls short of a
> reasoned solution.  if i'm mistaken, and this a viable 
> alternative, why
> not eliminate SMTP altogether ...
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, adam@cypherspace.org, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
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On Thu, 6 Mar 2003 10:05:40 +0100
Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> wrote:

> On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 12:24:17AM +0000, Adam Back wrote:
> > 
> > I think figuring out who you want to listen to is the receivers
> > problem, so in short practically you can't.
> 
> I see. 
> 
> Did I get this correctly? The senders is protected by the
> constitution, and is free to send whatever rubbish he wants to send, 
> with any name he wants to use, maybe anonymously, maybe with any
> forged name, to any victim he wants to molest on the victim's expense?

As to legal theories:

In US law (and let's do keep in mind that US law isn't axiomatically a valid
template for what should happen) there's a difference between what a speaker
is legally allowed to say without penalty, and what a speaker can be prevented
from saying (prior restraint).  So for instance you can be tried for
publishing obscene material but (in theory) you cannot be prevented from
publishing it.  It's considered more in the interests of society to permit the
speech and let courts decide whether it violates the law, than it is to allow
the government to shut down the presses.

So this is the model that some of us are accustomed to, and find useful.

As for the intent of the standards, and technical measures:

- Email is one of the oldest network applications, and authentication was not
availble (and probably not feasible) when the protocols were designed.  Nor
was it necessary at the time - the network was small enough (both in number of
users and number of machines) that it was relatively easy to track down
miscreants.  It's not clear that we know how to make authentication work for
the scale of the Internet even now - we have algorithms and protocols for
authentication that will work but the trust models do not appear to scale. 
This should not deter us from making recommendations, but we need to
understand that it's not easy to actually deploy.

- By explicit design, and for good and valid reasons, domain names have
nothing to do with IP addresses.  IP addresses are tied to network locations. 
so using IP address to determine domain name is not appropriate - or at least,
not generally applicable.

- By explicit design, and for good and valid reasons, mail originators are
allowed to assert that they are sending a message "From" someone else.  (so
for instance a message can be "From" multiple people, or can be "From" the
boss even though it was originated by the secretary.) The Sender field was
supposed to contain the identity of the originator in this case (e.g. an
indication of the account from which it was sent, which is not expected to be
a valid reply address).  This field has been misused so widely that it is now
useless, but another (and better defined) field could be created to replace
it.   At any rate, the intent was not that the originator of mail could escape
accountability for his/her actions by changing the From field from its
default.  

However the mechanisms for enforcing Sender at the time RFC 822 was written,
if they ever worked, are not available today.  Today there is no clear line
between "administrator" and "user", between the user for whom it is legitimate
to decide who can use an email address and the user who merely has addresses
assigned to him.

> And it's just the victims own business how to deal with it?

Some of the burden inevitiably resides with the recipient.  Spam is in the eye
of the beholder, it is different things to different people.  It is dangerous
for others to presume, in the absence of some instruction from the recipient,
that the recipient doesn't want to see a particular message. 

Keith

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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
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> So Keith's concerns about the impact of Chris's definition of consent 
> aren't particularly justified if we look at consent as the law defines it, 

well, it's not clear to me what the charter means, and I don't have any
reason to believe that they had this particular context in mind when they
wrote it.

also, it's not that I inherently object to defining consent in one way or
another, but I do think that a system that effectively required prior consent
to send mail, and enforced it, would be unfortunate if whatver solution we
came up with did not provide more flexibility than that.

I also don't believe in treating one-to-many email differently than one-to-one
email, because it's the content of the email that the recipient cares about
rather than the number of recipients. 

Keith

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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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> The current view of this thing is to keep the sender's
> rights as strong as possible, and to not care, to not
> give even a cent for the recipient's rights.

nope.  the recipient has the right to filter whatever mail he wants.

what we lack are mechanisms to give the recipient useful means by which to
filter incoming mail, and means by which the recipient can allow such
filtering to be performed closer to the sender - thus not burdening the
network with the delivery of mail that will be discarded anyway.

it's not rights that the recipient lacks, it's mechansisms.

Keith
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world
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>   I, the legal owner and emperor of the domain "danisch.de", hereby
>   declare to the world, that all mail from this domain will be
>   delivered from the IP address 213.133.101.23 only. I kindly ask
>   you to not accept any mail with a sender address of this domain
>   delivered from any other IP address, since it is considered to be
>   forged. Thank you for your cooperation.
> 
> 
> In what way would such a statement infringe anyone else's 
> constitutional or other rights?

it doesn't.  it's just not a generally-applicable mechanism. 

subject to relataively few constraints, you own 'danisch.de' for as long as
you renew it.  most users do not own their IP addresses.  in order for routing
to scale (at least with current routing protocols), it is necessary that
networks be renumbered from time to time.  so we do not want to encourage
tight binding of IP addresses to domain names even for those cases where it might
work, for now.  also, source addresses can sometimes be forged, so we don't
want to rely on them as authentiation tokens.

Keith
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
Cc: adam@cypherspace.org, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 15:14:42 +0100

On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 08:46:06AM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:

> 
> In US law (and let's do keep in mind that US law isn't axiomatically a valid
> template for what should happen) there's a difference between what a speaker
> is legally allowed to say without penalty, and what a speaker can be prevented
> from saying (prior restraint). 
>

Basically the same as over here.





> - Email is one of the oldest network applications, and authentication was not
> availble (and probably not feasible) when the protocols were designed.  Nor
> was it necessary at the time - the network was small enough (both in number of
> users and number of machines) that it was relatively easy to track down
> miscreants. 

No. When e-mail was introduced in the early days, it was based on
UUCP. Every incoming mail had an automatically generated return path 
(comparable to today's Received: header lines), but each single node
had to authenticate against each next node in the path. But walking
back that recorded path, you had a full authentication path back to
the origin of the message (except for flaws of password authentication
and the weakness of the nodes themselfes).

When e-mail was moved from UUCP to TCP/SMTP, that kind of
authentication got lost. That's what we suffer from.

All those folks who talk about design goals, common usage of e-mail,
e-mail must be open for everyone, anomous mailing completely ignore
the fact, that e-mail wasn't as open as today in the early
days. That's just a tale. Maybe people should inform a little bit
before claiming design goals.

There was a degeneration in authenticity, and today's people believe
this to be the normal case.






> - By explicit design, and for good and valid reasons, domain names have
> nothing to do with IP addresses.  IP addresses are tied to network locations. 


You missed the point. We are not talking about domain names, we are
talking about e-mail addresses, e-mail delivery, SMTP. And this has
very much to do with both domain names and IP addresses. So in context 
of e-mail delivery, it seems reasonable to introduce a link.









> - By explicit design, and for good and valid reasons, mail originators are
> allowed to assert that they are sending a message "From" someone
> else.


No. There haven't been "good and valid reasons". It's simply that they
haven't been aware of the security problem around 1980, and that they
couldn't do and need any better at that time. They never had any good
reason to drop the authenticity the had with UUCP. There has never
been an intention to allow arbitrary sender address spoofing.





> Some of the burden inevitiably resides with the recipient.  Spam is in the eye
> of the beholder, it is different things to different people.  It is dangerous
> for others to presume, in the absence of some instruction from the recipient,
> that the recipient doesn't want to see a particular message. 


Sure. Bank robbery is also in the eye of the beholder. We shouldn't
generally allow methods against bank robbery. Who knows whether the
bank might like it or not? Just let it be the banks business how to
deal with it...


Hadmut

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 14:22:06 +0000

> Peoples of the world, listen:
> 
> 
> 
>   I, the legal owner and emperor of the domain "danisch.de", hereby
>   declare to the world, that all mail from this domain will be
>   delivered from the IP address 213.133.101.23 only. I kindly ask
>   you to not accept any mail with a sender address of this domain
>   delivered from any other IP address, since it is considered to be
>   forged. Thank you for your cooperation.
> 
> 
> In what way would such a statement infringe anyone else's 
> constitutional or other rights?

Because you don't 'own' this IP ?
You 'lease' it from Hetzner Online AG
who are assigned it by RIPE?





--
Regards,
Jon Kyme

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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, adam@cypherspace.org, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of
 source tracking)
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	<20030305163225.088b989c.moore@cs.utk.edu>
	<20030305222200.GH15047@danisch.de>
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	<20030306002417.A4477766@exeter.ac.uk>
	<20030306090540.GB2340@danisch.de>
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> > - Email is one of the oldest network applications, and authentication was
> > not availble (and probably not feasible) when the protocols were designed.
> >  Nor was it necessary at the time - the network was small enough (both in
> > number of users and number of machines) that it was relatively easy to
> > track down miscreants. 
> 
> No. When e-mail was introduced in the early days, it was based on
> UUCP.

There were lots of early email systems, and I don't want to argue about which
one predates another.  I was speaking of the ARPAnet/Internet context that
eventually created rfc822 and SMTP.  This community did not start out using
UUCP; very few of them were even using UNIX.

> > - By explicit design, and for good and valid reasons, domain names have
> > nothing to do with IP addresses.  IP addresses are tied to network
> > locations. 
> 
> 
> You missed the point. We are not talking about domain names, we are
> talking about e-mail addresses, e-mail delivery, SMTP. And this has
> very much to do with both domain names and IP addresses.

you're simply wrong about this.

> > - By explicit design, and for good and valid reasons, mail originators are
> > allowed to assert that they are sending a message "From" someone
> > else.

> No. There haven't been "good and valid reasons".

you are simply wrong about this also.  and it's not acceptable to cripple the
mail system or the network to suit your naive ideas about how things are
supposed to work.

> Sure. Bank robbery is also in the eye of the beholder. We shouldn't
> generally allow methods against bank robbery. Who knows whether the
> bank might like it or not? Just let it be the banks business how to
> deal with it...

your credibility just went to zero.

Keith
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Jon Kyme <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world
Message-ID: <20030306142839.GA9513@danisch.de>
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 15:28:39 +0100

On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 02:22:06PM +0000, Jon Kyme wrote:
> 
> Because you don't 'own' this IP ?
> You 'lease' it from Hetzner Online AG
> who are assigned it by RIPE?
> 


I don't understand what you want to say...

Why should this be a problem or infringe anyone's rights?


Hadmut

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world
To: asrg@ietf.org
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "Hadmut Danisch"  <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 14:40:05 +0000

> On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 02:22:06PM +0000, Jon Kyme wrote:
> > 
> > Because you don't 'own' this IP ?
> > You 'lease' it from Hetzner Online AG
> > who are assigned it by RIPE?
> > 
> 
> 
> 
> I don't understand what you want to say...
> 
> Why should this be a problem or infringe anyone's rights?
> 

Sorry, Keith Moore answered this better much than I did.

But, for instance how does the next 'owner' of danisch.de
invalidate your declaration? 
How do *you* invalidate it when your ISP (or RIPE) change your IP
out from under you?






--
Regards,
Jon Kyme

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
Cc: adam@cypherspace.org, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
Message-ID: <20030306143618.GA9709@danisch.de>
References: <20030305222200.GH15047@danisch.de> <20030305173026.2cc1f628.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305224734.GD16824@danisch.de> <20030305180647.232f86b8.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305231539.GC17368@danisch.de> <20030306002417.A4477766@exeter.ac.uk> <20030306090540.GB2340@danisch.de> <20030306084606.2a1e2702.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030306141442.GA8957@danisch.de> <20030306092035.41a74910.moore@cs.utk.edu>
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 15:36:18 +0100

On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 09:20:35AM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> your credibility just went to zero.


Ah, it seems to be raising.  :-)







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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Jon Kyme <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 15:54:29 +0100

On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 02:40:05PM +0000, Jon Kyme wrote:

> 
> But, for instance how does the next 'owner' of danisch.de
> invalidate your declaration? 
> How do *you* invalidate it when your ISP (or RIPE) change your IP
> out from under you?
> 


In the very same simple way I have changed the MX record for 
danisch.de and the A record for www.danisch.de when a new
IP address was assigned about half a year ago: I took a very
simple text editor, changed the zone file, and that's it.

The statement of the world is not an eternal and irrevocable 
statement. As any other policy, certificate, DNS entry or 
whatever, it needs to be updated from time to time. 

Sorry, but I'm a little bit shocked that this is so difficult 
to understand. I thought this was abvious. 

Don't get me wrong, but I am under the impression that some
people intentionally misunderstand everything in order to 
put through their political opinion.

And I am under the impression that this research group was
intentionally poisoned by spamming advocates.

Hadmut


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> Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 11:24:06 -0500
> To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
>
> At 11:43 AM +0100 3/5/03, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
>>Surprise: That already exists. Many POP providers also offer the
>>service of delivering the mail. Authentication is possible through
>>either a so called "SMTP after POP" or a simple Password
>>authentication in the SMTP protocol, typically the same password as for
>>the POP account.
>
> If this were a solution, then ISP's wouldn't be blocking outbound
> SMTP connections.

Sure they would.  That would be an essential part of this solution - only
the ISP's own servers are allowed to make outgoing SMTP connections.

>
> Since there is no way to tell the difference between an outbound SMTP
> session from a client, and one from a server, your solution provides
> a mechanism for authorized delivery, but does not require it.
> Therefore the user sets up mail broadcaster at some safe location (or
> uses open relays) and sits happily at home using his ISP to send out
> email.  From the ISP's standpoint this looks just like legitimate
> use.  But he's spamming like crazy, and it's the ISP that gets the
> complaints.
> --
> Kee Hinckley
> http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering

No way to tell the difference?  As a general rule I can tell the difeence
between one of my servers and some client somewhere in my net - it's pretty
trivial.  Use the IP address for example (the server addresses are fixed;
the client addresses may be fixed or may come out of a pool - but they are
visibly different).

If the ISP's server keeps track of who sent what (no need for it to validate
the "From:" header or anything like that, so there's no difficulty in
sending using a source domain different from the domain I'm using right now)
for long enough to match up any spamming complaints to the originator, the
ISP can take action against the originator.  Or the ISP can be supoenad
("ripped" maybe in the UK? ) to provide the information for a prosecution if
the spam is illegal in his juridiction. Not a lot of data to keep (a msg id
and originator) and it doesn't need to be kept for very long (a couple of
days) - certainly it's data that is kept to maintain the ISP service by
assisting in enforcement of conditions of use, so even European privacy laws
(conforming to ECHR) won't be offended by retaining the data for long enough
to achieve that - and no data identifying the originator has been added to
the message by the ISP, so full sender anonymity can be preserved if
required in cases where the mail is not spam.

Doing that we can end up with a clear view of which ISPs will deal with spam
complaints effectively and which won't.  Probably the next stage is
blacklists - if an ISP is unwilling to deal with spam it's prohably because
he sees it as to his commercial advantage to allow it, and blacklisting will
make him useless to all his customers (whether spammers or not) so he'll
pretty quickly change his ways.


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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, jrk@merseymail.com, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world
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> > How do *you* invalidate it when your ISP (or RIPE) change your IP
> > out from under you?
> 
> In the very same simple way I have changed the MX record for 
> danisch.de and the A record for www.danisch.de when a new
> IP address was assigned about half a year ago: I took a very
> simple text editor, changed the zone file, and that's it.
> 
> The statement of the world is not an eternal and irrevocable 
> statement. As any other policy, certificate, DNS entry or 
> whatever, it needs to be updated from time to time. 
> 
> Sorry, but I'm a little bit shocked that this is so difficult 
> to understand. I thought this was abvious. 

there are things I thought were obvious too - such as that it's cumbersome to
maintain such records, that such records are likely to get out of sync with
reality, and that they're not generally applicable.  

of course when you accuse people who raise technical objections of doing so
because they are pushing political views, or that they are spamming advocates,
it doesn't exactly promote understanding of either the technical or political
issues.

but all of this is probably irrelevant for now.  what we should be doing now
is listing mechansisms and fitting them in to a taxonomy.  we don't need to
evaluate each mechanism as it comes up.  so we should add your suggestion to
the list and leave off evaluation until later.

Keith
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In-Reply-To:  <20030306145428.GA9971@danisch.de>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world
To: asrg@ietf.org
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "Hadmut Danisch"  <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 15:09:14 +0000

> On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 02:40:05PM +0000, Jon Kyme wrote:
> 
> 
> > 
> > But, for instance how does the next 'owner' of danisch.de
> > invalidate your declaration? 
> > How do *you* invalidate it when your ISP (or RIPE) change your IP
> > out from under you?
> > 
> 
> 
> In the very same simple way I have changed the MX record for 
> danisch.de and the A record for www.danisch.de when a new
> IP address was assigned about half a year ago: I took a very
> simple text editor, changed the zone file, and that's it.
> 

So your declaration is implicit in and limited to the DNS data
for the domain?

Doesn't this require this to be true for every domain if it is 
to work for yours? (This would be difficult for some systems I'd imagine.)

Or, if you have a separate mechanism for making this kind of declaration,
how is it to be publicised, invalidated etc.

> The statement of the world is not an eternal and irrevocable 
> statement. As any other policy, certificate, DNS entry or 
> whatever, it needs to be updated from time to time. 
> 
> Sorry, but I'm a little bit shocked that this is so difficult 
> to understand. I thought this was abvious. 
> 
It *seems* obvious.

> Don't get me wrong, but I am under the impression that some
> people intentionally misunderstand everything in order to 
> put through their political opinion.

I hope I understand you, I'm genuinely interested in what kind of
mechanism this might require.

> 
> And I am under the impression that this research group was
> intentionally poisoned by spamming advocates.
> 

I hope that's not true. Of course the RG may itself be a time-wasting ruse
set up by spammers to waste anti-spammers time. :-)

I'm an administrator on a webmail system with around 100k accounts.
I hate spam. I hate my users complaining.  I need a way to stop
it hurting 






--
Regards,
Jon Kyme

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From: "Clayton, Nik [IT]" <nik.clayton@citigroup.com>
To: "'David F. Skoll'" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records) 
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 15:08:38 -0000

> Nah.  If you're receiving that kind of mail volume, you have big
> machines with under-utilized CPUs anyway.  Content-scanning just uses
> up CPU cycles that would be wasted.  Nik Clayton says he filters
> 2 million messages/day with SpamAssassin; I'd be amazed if fewer
> than 100K of those are spam.

It's about 280,000 a day at the moment.  Which is roughly 25% of our
inbound mail volume.  That's a combination of locally maintained 
blacklists and SpamAssassin -- no network tests (RBL, etc) are in use.

Because of our current mail architecture, that figure of 280,000 doesn't
include messages that will eventually bounce due to being misaddressed.

N
-- 
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From: "Clayton, Nik [IT]" <nik.clayton@citigroup.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] Do we need to do anything?
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 15:22:38 -0000

Reading some of the discussion here over the past few days, I'm wondering
whether we actually need to do anything.

Many of the suggestions and proposals are acknowledged as taking years
before they're widely deployed.  Talk of new protocols, e-mail 'postage'
charges and the like -- all these things need to displace an incredibly
well entrenched existing protocol.

At the same time, MUAs are getting smarter.  In particular, the presence
of language classifiers (Bayes, et al) in desktop-user (as opposed to
technical-user) MUAs is likely to become much more prevalent over the next
few years.

As soon as these become widely deployed, and the majority of recipients
have filters that are so customised that it's nigh-on-impossible for a
spammer to guarantee that their e-mail will get through, doesn't spamming
then become so uneconomical as to die out?

I realise that this could be seen as being slightly optimistic, ...

N
-- 
1        1         2         3         4         5         6         7    7
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In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 06 Mar 2003 15:54:29 +0100."
             <20030306145428.GA9971@danisch.de> 
Subject: [Asrg] RMX breaks mailing lists
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 10:34:08 -0500


I looked back over the archives at the whole RMX discussion,
and looked at the Designated Senders draft as well, and it
appears that nobody has mentioned the problem that it
EITHER:
	- breaks legitimate forwarding such as mailing lists
OR
	- can be trivially worked around by forging Received headers

(After all, I didn't receive Hadmut Danisch's note from his server,
I received it from my internal relay, which received it from
an ietf.org server.)

So at most it is a possibly-useful Received header heuristic.

A more useful heuristic, for now, would be IP-based DNS records
indicating whether my host is authorized to initiate any SMTP at
all, as a way of cutting down on open relay/proxy/forgery.
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Date: 06 Mar 2003 09:35:10 -0600

In <20030306100320.5b612539.moore@cs.utk.edu> Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu> writes:

> > In the very same simple way I have changed the MX record for 
> > danisch.de and the A record for www.danisch.de when a new
> 
> there are things I thought were obvious too - such as that it's cumbersome to
> maintain such records, that such records are likely to get out of sync with
> reality, and that they're not generally applicable.  

Why are reverse MX records or domain specific DNSBLs any harder to
maintain that regular MX records?


-wayne

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Do we need to do anything?
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Cc: "Clayton, Nik [IT]"  <nik.clayton@citigroup.com>
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 15:48:53 +0000

> At the same time, MUAs are getting smarter.  In particular, the presence
[...]
> 
> As soon as these become widely deployed, and the majority of recipients
> have filters that are so customised that it's nigh-on-impossible for a
> spammer to guarantee that their e-mail will get through, doesn't spamming
> then become so uneconomical as to die out?
> 

Or, if it doesn't, we can go back to writing letters. And then it will.





--
Regards,
Jon Kyme

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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Limitations of filters (was Re: [Asrg] Do we need to do anything?)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 10:53:22 -0500 (EST)

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Clayton, Nik [IT] wrote:

> Many of the suggestions and proposals are acknowledged as taking years
> before they're widely deployed.

Right.  It's a research group, so the view is long-term.  However, I am
pessimistic that the necessary infrastructure changes will take place
within two decades, or indeed ever.

IPv6 has been around for five years.  It hasn't penetrated to any extent.
IPSec has been around for eight years, and is not widely used.  PGP
has been around for ages, and hardly anyone signs or encrypts e-mail.

> At the same time, MUAs are getting smarter.  In particular, the presence
> of language classifiers (Bayes, et al) in desktop-user (as opposed to
> technical-user) MUAs is likely to become much more prevalent over the next
> few years.

By the time spam hits the MUA, you've paid a significant cost of the
spam burden.

> As soon as these become widely deployed, and the majority of recipients
> have filters that are so customised that it's nigh-on-impossible for a
> spammer to guarantee that their e-mail will get through, doesn't spamming
> then become so uneconomical as to die out?

Paper-mail advertisers pay money for their campaigns, and are happy with
a very low response rate.  As long as spamming costs the spammer next
to nothing, even a minuscule response rate makes it worthwhile.

And it's pretty easy to defeat filters if you're determined enough,
even Bayesian ones.  Coming up with ways to do this is left as an
exercise for the reader.  Let me rephrase that: Cominge upp withe
wayse too du thiss iz leftt az an xrcize four thuh reeder.
Creative mis-spelling will either pass undetected through Bayesian
filters (the first time) or can be used to grow the Bayesian databases
to unmanageable sizes.  Even smart filters that prune out mis-spelled
words can be attacked by sending random stuff out of /usr/dict/words.

(Not to say that filters are useless; on the contrary, they're very
valuable.  They catch the majority of spam that is unsophisticated.)

--
David.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Jon Kyme <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world
Message-ID: <20030306154832.GD10535@danisch.de>
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On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 03:09:14PM +0000, Jon Kyme wrote:
> 
> So your declaration is implicit in and limited to the DNS data
> for the domain?


Not necessarily DNS, that's just one possible implementation. 

It could also be put in an LDAP tree (if LDAP servers were widely 
available), put on a web page at a default address,...

There's a wide range of possibilities to distribute such a statement. 
Since SMTP requires DNS anyway, this advises to put such a statement
on a DNS server. That's actual my RMX proposal, just paraphrased.



 
> Doesn't this require this to be true for every domain if it is 
> to work for yours? (This would be difficult for some systems I'd
> imagine.)

I'm not sure whether I understand what you want to say again, but I'll
try it. No, it doesn't really "require". Therefore, it allows smooth
transition and is backwards compatible.

Of course, if other people receive millions of spam from
"@danisch.de", as it happened about a year ago, then it is their 
benefit to ask whether my domain publishes such a statement, and if 
so have a very simple and effective way to block all forged spam.


 
> Or, if you have a separate mechanism for making this kind of declaration,
> how is it to be publicised, invalidated etc.


There are plenty of known methods to do so, e.g. the methods used
to distribute X.509 certificates etc. That's not a main problem. 




> I hope I understand you, I'm genuinely interested in what kind of
> mechanism this might require.

e.g. see 
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-danisch-dns-rr-smtp-00.txt




regards
Hadmut
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From: Pierre Fortin <pf@pfortin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Back to the charter
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On Wed, 05 Mar 2003 17:00:33 -0500 "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
wrote:

Alan, your msg helped me understand better that "path verifiability" may
be a big part to this problem...  just as postal services add origin
stamps, phone companies provided CallerID, the 'net has similar
verifiabilty already spec'ed...  the recipients could take a large amount
of control back very simply: enforce path verifiability.  Once the path is
verifiable, much spam will crawl back into its hole, IMO.

> "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com> wrote:
> > 1. On the use of "Consent-Based Communication" 
> > 
> > The charter begins by arguing that spam is not well-defined,
> > and therefore moves to generalize the problem with consent-
> > based communications.  Let me first observe that based
> > on the discussion here, the definition of consent and consent-
> > based communication isn't clear enough.
> 
>   Everyone talks about "consent" in relation to the end user who
> receives email.  The other parties in the process are ignored.
> 
>   When someone installs a broken piece of software which can be abused
> to send spam, did they consent to such abuse?

Explicitly, no.  Implicitly, arguable. Knowingly continuing after
discovery/notification, yes.

>   When someone receives email with forged 'from' lines, did the other
> domain consent to that forgery?

Hmmm...  ignoring the legal realities, would "Wire Fraud" be applicable? 
However, this is a content/payload issue; just like someone using forged
letterhead -- it's not part of the "path".

>   When someone receives email from another site, do they consent to
> accepting any kind of lies or deception embodied in that email?

I block at connection/envelope stage, so if my path filters fail, implicit
yes IMO.  Successful delivery just means someone sent me "data" (aka
content)...  truth vs lies vs misinformation at this stage is a rocky
road... 

>   The answer to all of these questions, I believe, is "No."

Partially disagree for above reasons.

>  Achieving
> consent-based email for these parties will *not* involve content
> filtering, and will get rid of probably 90% of the spam.

[Not sure I fully grok this as written...]

While there are those that argue for anonymous communication, my attitude
in denying anonymous person-to-person (or *-to-person) mail is that an
anonymous sender simply wants to shove something down my throat without
allowing or informing me how to respond...  the only places I accept
anonymous senders are on mailing lists and news sites...  there, it's my
choice to participate...  if a sender doesn't allow me the option of a
2-way communication**, I don't see why I should extend any open-arms
courtesy to him/her/it.

** since everything can be forged, my rules are that everything I *can*
confirm (IP, DNS, rDNS, not open-relay, dest_userid_exists, etc) *will* be
a requirement.  Access to my mailbox is freely available (my courtesy);
though, as in a contract, in return for this priviledge, I only ask for
the ability to confirm that the communications path is somewhat
trustworthy -- if a sender insists on hiding or lying about the path, then
the message must by association be highly suspect.  Such sender will have
to convince me via a more trustworthy path to allow the untrustworthy
path...  good luck.

>   The left over spam will come from people who publicly admit that
> they consent to sending spam.  Everyone else can individually agree
> that they do *not* consent to receiving email from such people.  (But
> that's a political decision, not a technical one.)

Do it how you like, I chose the technical one for now since it works for
me.

>   A goal of this group should be updating the technology to allow
> people to have informed consent, and to make informed decisions as to
> which email satisifes their political or ecomonical objectives.  The
> current lies and deception which are permitted in SMTP do not allow
> these sort of informed decisions to be made.

If you've already received the spa^H^H^H^message, then as Dr. Race stated:
   No proposal will gather public acceptance which is based on 
   the "make the victims pay" model.   

   The burden is rightly on the owners of the open relays, not on 
   their victims.

I don't limit the burden to open-relays... everyone, to the best of my
ability, owns the burden of using properly identifiable communications
paths.    IMO, it eliminates the "90% of spam" I would have gotten, the
rest are using proper paths; but if they lie in the content, they are
added to my personal blacklist...  could it be easier to do this, sure...
but again, this is not part of the "path verifiability" which everyone has
access to...  I wish everyone just enforced that part of the problem
space...

>   Instead, we have ad-hoc filters, which try to insinuate someone
> else's intent, or consent, by doing content-based filtering.  That
> doesn't scale.

Agreed; and the reason I don't use/like content-filtering (other than the
most obvious headers).

> > We still need a way to identify policies - and
> > that means coming up with some sort of meaningful definitions
> > for spam.  The trick is doing so, without forcing a single
> > definition of spam down everyone's throat.
> 
>   Sure.  Multiple definitions would help.  A start could be:
> 
>   "Spam is AT LEAST any email which is not intended to be sent from a
> network."
> 
>   e.g. Unknowing open relays in schools in Korea, abused by people in
> the U.S.  If it was legitimate email from Korea, then the 'from' line
> would be from the school.  If it was legitimate email from someone in
> the U.S., then they could send the mail directly themselves.
> 
> > So let me propose a framework:  Spam, as indicated in the
> > charter, is loosely defined as unwanted email.
> 
>   Unwanted by who?  Odds are often that the administrator of the IP
> sending the spam doesn't want it, either.
> 
> > At this point in time, arguing about the appropriateness of
> > any particular category (whether intuitive or formal) is 
> > inappropriate.  Rather, the point is to establish the structure
> > in which those categories can be documented and analyzed.
> 
>   I agree.  Proposed solutions to a vague and ill-defined problem
> aren't helpful.

I get the impression it's ill-defined to those who are still getting tons
of spam...  those of us who are enforcing the simple rule: "you must use a
verifiable path before I accept your mail"** are still open to spam; but I
assure you, it's already >90% less than we would be getting otherwise...  

** I live in the US, so for me, the USPS is the only verifiable path to my
P.O.Box...  the spam that arrives there has a valid return path (at least
to the originating P.O.; even uncancelled mail *could* be traced) for the
simple reason it's "sender pay".

If you want to send to me directly and the path is not verifiable, *we*
can address this with our providers....  keep trying to get your mail
through to me, and I will send the bounces to the provider as best I
can.... over time, my experience shows the legit ones *do* relent and make
the path verifiable...  However, if you are a spammer, your provider will
feel my pain, no more...  this too has worked for me...

> > In particular, it is a legitimate question to ask whether the
> > technology can and should play a role in aided the encorceability of
> > legal sanctions, e.g. can and should the technology make it easier
> > to find someone who violates an anti-spam law.
> 
>   I would say that the technology should make it possible to make
> informed legal decisions.  Tracking down a spammer is just one part of
> that process.

Simply enforcing verifiablity of the communications path goes a long way
IMO.

> > The charter say very little about the premises or constraints
> > of what falls within its scope.  The current set of discussions 
> > indicates that many people are working under the premise that 
> > existing (low-level) functionality must not be changed, or other
> > assumptions about approaches that would be out of bounds.  
> 
>   I know I would appreciate it if people made their assumptions
> explicit.

My assumption is that the path verifiability is already spec'ed and
implemented, just not fully, reliably and enforcibly deployed... 
enforcing this verifiability will not prevent From: abuse; but that's a
*payload* issue; just as the USPS doesn't get involved in the content of
the mail they transport.

> > Furthermore, individual subsolutions should be evaluated in the 
> > context of a complete solution strategy.
> 
>   ... within a well-defined problem space.  I'm not even sure we have
> that.

IMO, we are trying to encompass solutions to parts of the problem space
that already have a solution: path verifiability is the big one, the way I
see it.

>   But I think you've made a good start on narrowing the discussion.

I'm new to this list, so I'm reserving judgement...  :^)

Pierre
 
>   Alan DeKok.
> _______________________________________________
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References: <20030305203057.B4412039@exeter.ac.uk> <20030305163225.088b989c.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305222200.GH15047@danisch.de> <20030305173026.2cc1f628.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305224734.GD16824@danisch.de> <20030305180647.232f86b8.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305231539.GC17368@danisch.de> <20030306002417.A4477766@exeter.ac.uk> <20030306090540.GB2340@danisch.de> <20030306084606.2a1e2702.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030306141442.GA8957@danisch.de>
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Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> No. When e-mail was introduced in the early days, it was based on
> UUCP.

E-mail predates UUCP.  Tho, UUCP was the first time at which e-mail was 
broadly available outside of ARPAnet.

> Every incoming mail had an automatically generated return path 
> (comparable to today's Received: header lines), but each single node
> had to authenticate against each next node in the path. But walking
> back that recorded path, you had a full authentication path back to
> the origin of the message (except for flaws of password authentication
> and the weakness of the nodes themselfes).

And there's the rub.  Anyone anywhere along the path could have forged 
everything previous to them.  Not much different than the issues with 
SMTP. UUCP has _somewhat_ more node-to-node security than SMTP, but in 
the end it doesn't really mean much, because if you could get to the 
rmail executable, you could do just about anything - at least to the 
point of not being detectable by naive recipients.

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Date: 06 Mar 2003 09:54:33 -0600

In <20030306092035.41a74910.moore@cs.utk.edu> Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu> writes:

> > No. When e-mail was introduced in the early days, it was based on
> > UUCP.
> 
> There were lots of early email systems, and I don't want to argue about which
> one predates another.  I was speaking of the ARPAnet/Internet context that
> eventually created rfc822 and SMTP.  This community did not start out using
> UUCP; very few of them were even using UNIX.

There were pretty strict requirements before you could connect to the
early DARPA/ARPA/DARPA inter-network network.  I agree that UUCP
wasn't the predecessor to the current internet STMP system, but
Hadmut's point that there was much tighter authentication in the past
seems to be valid.


-wayne



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Brad Templeton wrote:

> So I will have to beg off.  That will probably help since I've been
> as bad as anybody in contributing to the volume.

It's entirely natural that a list like this would get flooded so quickly 
- internationally announced - hot topic - having to relive some of the 
discussions already battered to death elsewhere.

At least it wasn't a mailing list for fans of some rock star... ;-)

Please keep tabs on this.  It should settle down.  It's a lot for me to 
read too...

> Perhaps I will rejoin when I have some more time for a list of this
> volume.  Or I will gate it to a local newsgroup to make it easier
> to handle the volume -- newsreaders still outdo any mailer on that
> issue.

I read a lot of mailing lists via local news server gateways.  _Much_ 
easier to follow.

Hope to see you back when some work's been done...

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On Thursday, March 6, 2003, at 10:34 AM, Liudvikas Bukys wrote:
> I looked back over the archives at the whole RMX discussion,
> and looked at the Designated Senders draft as well, and it
> appears that nobody has mentioned the problem that it
> EITHER:
> 	- breaks legitimate forwarding such as mailing lists
> OR
> 	- can be trivially worked around by forging Received headers
>
> (After all, I didn't receive Hadmut Danisch's note from his server,
> I received it from my internal relay, which received it from
> an ietf.org server.)

So in the DS model, you would configure your internal relay to do the 
DS test, which had a sender of <asrg-admin@ietf.org>, and ask IETF "is 
132.151.1.19 authorized to send mail for ietf.org?", get an assurance 
of trust, and move on.

You could then set up your final-MX to say "trust all mail from my 
internal relay, because it's already done those checks itself".

The received headers never come into play. It's strictly concerned 
sender-domain (from the envelope) and connecting IP.

D

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At 3:04 PM +0000 3/6/03, Tom Thomson wrote:
>Doing that we can end up with a clear view of which ISPs will deal with spam
>complaints effectively and which won't.  Probably the next stage is
>blacklists - if an ISP is unwilling to deal with spam it's prohably because
>he sees it as to his commercial advantage to allow it, and blacklisting will
>make him useless to all his customers (whether spammers or not) so he'll
>pretty quickly change his ways.

What you are describing is exactly the situation now.  The message 
headers indicate the originator of the email by IP address.  When you 
report the email, the ISP terminates the account if they are 
responsible and doesn't if they are not.  The ISP doesn't need to log 
message-ids, the received headers contain all the necessary 
information for them to map back to the sender.

At one point WorldCom reportedly had over 100 people doing nothing 
but dealing with spam complaints.  And on the other side of the 
fence, I haven't noticed the ISP 163.net in China going out of 
business just because they are a major source of spam.

PS. Could someone tell me why there are these Chinese ISPs that use 
numbers like 163 an 263 as their names?  Is there some significance 
to the numbers?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com>
To: "'Jon Kyme'" <jrk@merseymail.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Cc: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Declaration to the world
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 10:09:03 -0600


-----Original Message-----
From: Jon Kyme [mailto:jrk@merseymail.com]
Sent: Thursday, March 06, 2003 10:09 AM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Cc: Hadmut Danisch
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world


> On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 02:40:05PM +0000, Jon Kyme wrote:
> 
> 
> > 
> > But, for instance how does the next 'owner' of danisch.de
> > invalidate your declaration? 
> > How do *you* invalidate it when your ISP (or RIPE) change your IP
> > out from under you?
> > 
> 
> 
> In the very same simple way I have changed the MX record for 
> danisch.de and the A record for www.danisch.de when a new
> IP address was assigned about half a year ago: I took a very
> simple text editor, changed the zone file, and that's it.
> 

So your declaration is implicit in and limited to the DNS data
for the domain?

Doesn't this require this to be true for every domain if it is 
to work for yours? (This would be difficult for some systems I'd imagine.)

Or, if you have a separate mechanism for making this kind of declaration,
how is it to be publicised, invalidated etc.

------- I am also an advocate for a DNS based system. I believe that most
people are missing the point. Looking for a "Zero-Tolerance" system is
unnecessary. Spam is ONLY prevalent because it is cheap, easy, and there is
no consequences to spammer that someone received the spam that did not want
it.
 K., obviously very intelligent, has yet to impress me with an original
idea. Someone who criticizes without value is a flamer and it doesn't help.
I believed that when I participated in the discussion, it was full of people
that genuinely wanted to make a difference. Flaming is NOT helping. I have
no problem with people disagreeing with me, just make sure that it is based
on a technical grounds or merit and not "feelings". 

> The statement of the world is not an eternal and irrevocable 
> statement. As any other policy, certificate, DNS entry or 
> whatever, it needs to be updated from time to time. 
> 
> Sorry, but I'm a little bit shocked that this is so difficult 
> to understand. I thought this was abvious. 
> 
It *seems* obvious.

----- I thought is was obvious.

> Don't get me wrong, but I am under the impression that some
> people intentionally misunderstand everything in order to 
> put through their political opinion.

I hope I understand you, I'm genuinely interested in what kind of
mechanism this might require.



> 
> And I am under the impression that this research group was
> intentionally poisoned by spamming advocates.
> 

I hope that's not true. Of course the RG may itself be a time-wasting ruse
set up by spammers to waste anti-spammers time. :-)

------ I will continue to participate, hopefully, intelligent people will
see who the flamers are and who is actually interested in making a
difference.

 Flamers will not participate in the refining of ideas and will contribute
nothing original or constructive.

 I am sure that we can see a few of those by now.
 I for one am VERY serious about this issue. I will agree with you on merit
and disagree with reason.

 I apologize for the disclaimer on my emails- My employer requires it.


Regards,
Damon

I'm an administrator on a webmail system with around 100k accounts.
I hate spam. I hate my users complaining.  I need a way to stop
it hurting 


 Only 100k? ;-)





--
Regards,
Jon Kyme

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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 11:11:42 -0500
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Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 08:30:57PM +0000, Adam Back wrote:

>>I'd sooner keep identity out of email receipt as far as anti-spam is
>>concerned as it erodes these current freedoms to be anonymous and
>>pseudonymous to varying degrees.

> Sending anonymous mail is not a right or freedom of the sender.
> That view is as common as wrong. Anonymous mail is a violation
> of the freedom of the recipient.

Please, let's not talk past each other like this.

You have the right to speak anonymously.  Or not anonymously. I also 
have the right to listen, or not, and choose any way I feel like how to 
decide not to listen.

Sending anonymous email is a right.  Choosing not to receive email is 
also a right.

Brad is simply recommending that any "IETF/standards/governmental 
recommended anti-spam" mechanism not rely on forcing people to be 
non-anonymous, and/or requiring "anti-spam" procedures to block 
anonymous email a-priori.

I think that's perfectly reasonable, and doesn't have anything 
whatsoever to do with the principle reason for _this_ group - spam.

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: "Clayton, Nik [IT]" <nik.clayton@citigroup.com>
Cc: "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Do we need to do anything?
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 17:07:36 +0100

On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 03:22:38PM -0000, Clayton, Nik [IT] wrote:
> 
> As soon as these become widely deployed, and the majority of recipients
> have filters that are so customised that it's nigh-on-impossible for a
> spammer to guarantee that their e-mail will get through, doesn't spamming
> then become so uneconomical as to die out?
> 

I don't think so. Reality shows the opposite, at least in my mailbox, 
there's more and more spam.

And I doubt it will becom uneconomical. Maybe you can lower the earnings
(what I also doubt, but just let's assume you could), it doesn't
become uneconomical, because spammer's costs are sinking
dramatically. 

Compare today's costs of having a plain PC connected to a flat rate
leased line with the costs 3 years ago and the estimated costs in
3 years. Do you believe it will be possible to lower the earnings faster
than the costs?


Hadmut

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To: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 11:19:46 -0500
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Paul Judge wrote:

> I am seeking comments on the charter.  
> -does the consent-based communication viewpoint sufficiently generalizes the
> problem? 
> -do the three components cover the requirements?

Paul,

Do you think it would be worth while to consider generating BCPs and 
such for various aspects of existing and potential "solutions"?

For example, it would help do some level setting if we had some common 
documents on:

	- BCP/general principles for spam filtering
	- Enumerations of existing anti-spam technologies.

I have a brief document that could be a nucleus for a spam filtering 
BCP, and could whip up something quickly that documents classes of filters.

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Thu Mar  6 11:21:23 2003
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Date: 06 Mar 2003 10:20:54 -0600


I'm not as frequent a traveler as many people, so I'm not sure if I
entirely understand the Traveling Salesman SMTP problem.  I do travel
on occasion, and when I first encountered problems sending email from
random places, I simply set my home MTA up to allow forwarding for
only me.

Pardon my ignorance, but can't people use an MTA located on a port
other than 25 that allows relaying if and only if the sender is
authorized via SMTP AUTH or TLS?


IF an ISP restricts which IP addresses are authorized to send email
claiming they are from them, AND those ISPs don't set up an MTA on a
non-port 25 server that allows relaying, THEN you have a valid
complaint about how the ISP is running things.


-wayne

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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 16:33:18 +0000
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On Thursday, Mar 6, 2003, at 15:35 Europe/London, wayne wrote:

> Why are reverse MX records or domain specific DNSBLs any harder to
> maintain that regular MX records?

Because they mean people who like the way they do things right now have 
to change that, or RMX won't work for those people. Unfortunately those 
people aren't mom and pop, they are techies.

Matt.

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Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 11:38:01 -0500
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David F. Skoll wrote:

>>A domain I administer gets about as
>>much spam as a company with 50k employees!

> Yes, but why?  That's extremely unusual.  Did someone have it in for you
> and sign you up to hundreds of lists?

As a FYI:

As best as we can determine, striker is the victim of a broken 
dictionary scanner that thought it got a "yes" to all of its probes, and 
the resulting mailing lists got used for spam runs.

There's some quirks in the patterns that suggest it may be a _very_ 
small number of spammers responsible. Possibly only one or two.

But it's far too long standing to be revenge runs.

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Date: 06 Mar 2003 10:34:58 -0600

In <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303061044160.2997@shishi.roaringpenguin.com> "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> writes:

> 
> By the time spam hits the MUA, you've paid a significant cost of the
> spam burden.

I strongly disagree with this.

By far the most expensive part of spam is the time spent by the end
user.  Even if the end user only has to spend a few seconds to get rid
of the spam (just hit delete) and they value their time at only
minimum wage, that is still far more than the all other combined costs
used by that spam.


-wayne

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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX breaks mailing lists (not necessarily)
In-Reply-To: <200303061534.h26FY8300551@lung.cs.rochester.edu>
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 10:55:01 -0500 (EST)

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Liudvikas Bukys wrote:

> (After all, I didn't receive Hadmut Danisch's note from his server,
> I received it from my internal relay, which received it from
> an ietf.org server.)

The envelope sender was asrg-admin@ietf.org.  So if you trust the
mailing list to validate Hadmut's note, and the mailing list has its
own RMX records, it still works.

--
David.
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To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
Cc: Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name>, moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 10:46:38 -0500

At 8:58 AM -0500 3/6/03, Keith Moore wrote:
>I also don't believe in treating one-to-many email differently than one-to-one
>email, because it's the content of the email that the recipient cares about
>rather than the number of recipients.

I disagree, and I have several examples.

I received a very nice letter (complete with a .sig of a sleeping 
cat) from someone wishing to subscribe to "your mailing list".  I run 
several mailing lists.  I came very close to replying, but the sender 
had pushed the limits just a little too much.  She included a very 
nice (and perfectly innocent) photo in her mail--that's not a normal 
.sig.  Investigation showed that the URL in her .sig was for a 
soft-porn site.  Other than the picture (and some people *do* send 
email with their picture in the .sig, believe it or not), the only 
thing that distinguished this email from email that I normally get 
was the fact that it was sent to lots of people, not just me.  A fact 
that could not be determined by any information provided in the 
message.

I received an abuse report.  It was a complaint that someone was 
spamming using my domain, and advertising a particular site. Also 
something that I get not infrequently.  The content was perfectly 
normal.  The key was that I received the same report at two 
completely unrelated email addresses.  It was in fact spam for the 
site listed in the abuse report.

Finally, one that came up at the MIT Spam Conference, and I'm sure 
many of us have seen.  You receive a request to participate in a 
private conference.  Sounds like a great opportunity to meet with 
peers working on similar things.  But if you realized that the same 
invitation was sent to 100,000 other people, your opinion of the idea 
very quickly changes.


I believe there are three components to identifying spam.

1. Routing information*
2. Content analysis
3. Bulk identification

Neither 1 nor 2 are completely sufficient without 3.  The fact that a 
message was sent to many people can significantly change its 
interpretation.

My personal belief is that #2 is a bad idea.  Content filtering is 
good when your goal is to filter content.  However it's a lousy way 
to identify spam, because you basically spend all your time trying to 
figure out what the spammers are selling, and trying to distinguish 
how they sell it, from how legit mailers sell it.  Right now this 
isn't as hard as it might be, because the two groups tend to sell 
different things.  But as the two converge, and as spammers continue 
to actively evade countermeasures, it will get harder and harder.

I prefer routing information because it's based on the assumption 
that spammers either a) have a safe-haven and can be blocked, or b) 
are trying to hide where they are coming from.  Detect the lies, and 
you know it's spam.  When you are looking for lies in the routing 
information you spend most of your time dealing with poorly 
configured legitimate mail servers.  It's much easier to deal with 
problems caused by mistakes than trying to deal with people who are 
actively trying to fool you.

* I don't mean a simplistic examination of the Received: headers 
here.  But this isn't the place to go into the details.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 11:44:34 -0500
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Kee Hinckley wrote:

> I have to say that your stats certainly are up there.  Have you looked 
> at the incoming email at all?

We have.  As a rough description, the vast majority of it is spam of 
various types coming from approximately 6000 unique IPs (a day's worth 
of metrics) going to thousands of different email addresses, highly 
variable numbers of spam per IP.  There are some indications that it's 
only a few people behind it all, but not definitive.

[There is some spam blowback (spam sent to others with a forged From: in 
Alan's domain).]

The only significant difference between Alan's spam load and ours is 
that for the same number of spams, we see approximately twice as many 
unique source IPs as it does.

This is not a single wild bot.  It's spam load _is_ pretty 
representative of the crap being sent.

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To: "Clayton, Nik [IT]" <nik.clayton@citigroup.com>,
        "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Do we need to do anything?
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On Thursday 06 March 2003 10:22 am, Clayton, Nik [IT] wrote:
> Reading some of the discussion here over the past few days, I'm wondering
> whether we actually need to do anything.
>
> Many of the suggestions and proposals are acknowledged as taking years
> before they're widely deployed.  Talk of new protocols, e-mail 'postage'
> charges and the like -- all these things need to displace an incredibly
> well entrenched existing protocol.
>
> At the same time, MUAs are getting smarter.  In particular, the presence
> of language classifiers (Bayes, et al) in desktop-user (as opposed to
> technical-user) MUAs is likely to become much more prevalent over the next
> few years.

Bayesian Classifiers work fairly well if you have good training sets, but the 
results will get muddy if the person has wild variation in the non-SPAM they 
receive. There is another issue too, however, is that for them to work you 
need to actually download the SPAM in the first place.

I do believe that the reverse MX and such are overkill. It would seem to me 
that a simpler method would be to follow the lead of credit-card companies. 
If you want to buy something online, you go to the creditor and get a 
temporary credit card number and use it. The number lasts for a single 
transaction and acts as an alias to your account.

In the world of e-mail, we could leave SMTP and the MTAs entirely untouched 
and provide a simple service that handles account aliasing (mail forwarding). 
It would work like this -- I'm going to give an e-mail address out, perhaps 
to someone I don't trust. My MUA asks a forwarding service for a randomly 
generated address to be mapped to my true e-mail address for either 1.) a 
specific time period, or 2.) until I ask for it to be revoked. I then give 
the temporary forwarding address to the untrusted party. Once the forwarding 
address ages out or is revoked, the forwarder simply rejects emails to that 
id.

Using this scheme, the filtering is simply done on the randomly generated 
token that's used as an abstraction for your e-mail address. Implementation 
ought to be simple, the protocol very easily speced and efficient. You could 
have the Post Office provide the service for $2/month publicly and let 
companies provide it to their employees, if they choose - or the ISPs to 
their customers. It would take little work to implement, could be rapidly 
coded up to be used by MUAs or MTAs themselves, etc.

What use would spamming be if you had to guess whether the 6-25 character 
alphanumeric string represents a valid e-mail address or not? And, if so, how 
long. Just set up the forwarding hosts to pause 1 sec on a connection that 
attempts to send to an invalid ID. If 1 out of 1000 addresses in your list is 
valid, the cost of the spam increases by 999 seconds for each one that got 
through.

This would work nicely too in that it would apply to other cases of trust, and 
could even support the notion of temporary vanity e-mail names (i.e., your 
service could let the client a sting to be contained in the address)...

Just a thought. I'm going to look into putting together a proof of concept and 
integrating it with kmail...




>
> As soon as these become widely deployed, and the majority of recipients
> have filters that are so customised that it's nigh-on-impossible for a
> spammer to guarantee that their e-mail will get through, doesn't spamming
> then become so uneconomical as to die out?
>
> I realise that this could be seen as being slightly optimistic, ...
>
> N

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> From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
> Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 23:33:26 +0100
> To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
> Cc: adam@cypherspace.org, raymie@cs.ucsc.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of
source tracking)
>
> On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 05:14:25PM -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
> >
> > it doesn't tell you a thing.  you can use a pseydonym to get a domain
> > name.
>
> No, you can't. Domain providers/resellers are required to put the
> real name of the owner in the whois database. And imprints must
> not contain pseudonyms. At least in Germany
> and as far as I know in Europe.
>
> This might be difficult to understand for you, but it is a
> consequence of all other people's rights and freedom.

Certainly not true in the rest of Europe.  In the UK I can use any name I
like, as many names as I like, for any purpose I like unless that purpose is
in itself illegal.  Never had any problems in France with having different
names on my passport and my driving license.  Never noticed that even German
films stars and fashion models didn't have the habit of using a working name
different from their birth name, so I don't even believe you when you say it
applies in Germany either.

Anyway, it's irrelevant.  What you generally want to identify is the sending
account, so that the ISP can kill it off when he gets complaints.  OK, that
doesn't work while there are free accounts offered on the cover of every
issue of every magazine, and shipped on CDs to every household tin the land
twice a week, because killing off the account does nothing useful.  But if
ISPs start tracking account owners in some way (for example by asking up
front for the credit card number that will be used to pay for the account if
it is kept after the free period, and remembering which of those numbers
have been associated with abusing accounts) or anyway when the market
reaches a level of saturation where the free accounts are no longer a viable
marketing mechanism (which it will in time) it will start to work.


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Hi,

For your information, this is already used at the monkeys.com domain, 
and they say it works pretty well to jugulate spam.
See
http://www.monkeys.com/anti-spam/filtering/additions.html

Pierre

Hadmut Danisch a écrit:
 > Peoples of the world, listen:
 >
 >
 >   I, the legal owner and emperor of the domain "danisch.de", hereby
 >   declare to the world, that all mail from this domain will be
 >   delivered from the IP address 213.133.101.23 only. I kindly ask
 >   you to not accept any mail with a sender address of this domain
 >   delivered from any other IP address, since it is considered to be
 >   forged. Thank you for your cooperation.
 >
 >
 > In what way would such a statement infringe anyone else's
 > constitutional or other rights?
 >
 > Hadmut
 > _______________________________________________
 > Asrg mailing list
 > Asrg@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


-- 
           PARALLINE          ///        Parallelism & GNU/Linux
                             ///
71,av des Vosges Phone:+33 388 141 740
F-67000 STRASBOURG Fax:+33 388 141 741 http://www.paralline.com
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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
To: "ietf anti-spam research group" <asrg@ietf.org>
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On 06 Mar 2003 10:20:54 -0600, wayne wrote:

>claiming they are from them, AND those ISPs don't set up an MTA on a
>non-port 25 server that allows relaying, THEN you have a valid
>complaint about how the ISP is running things.

Yes, you have a valid complaint, and when you transmit it they
say "piss off"  (please excuse the coarse language but it makes
the point).

Jeffrey Race

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Subject: Spam Laws (was Re: [Asrg] Whoops -- list volume is way too high,
 some principles)
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From: Pierre BRUA <asrg@paralline.com>
Organization: Paralline Sarl protected by TMDA
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Hi,

This is also the case in France.

The French Law states that the sender must ask authorization from the 
recipient prior to commercial sollicitations and provide ways to remove 
data from the company database in case the customer wants his data to be 
removed (See http://www.cnil.fr for more informations).

It also states that automated sending robots for any type of 
sollicitation (email/phone/fax) is forbidden.

Not to say that we don't get lots of email spam or even fax or phone 
spams in France, on the contrary...

The facts have proven that the laws (be it american, german, french or 
whatever) were unable to protect mailboxes against spammers. The money 
spammer earn being vastly superior to what a Legal Judgment may cost them.

I suggest we avoid discussing legal aspects of the spam laws since it 
will be a waste of time anyway. For people interested in this subject, 
http://www.spamlaws.com/ would be a good start.

By the way, is there already a FAQ or Howto for this list already ? I 
have seen nothing in the subscribing mail.

Pierre BRUA
--
           PARALLINE          ///        Parallelism & GNU/Linux
                             ///
71,av des Vosges Phone:+33 388 141 740
F-67000 STRASBOURG Fax:+33 388 141 741 http://www.paralline.com


Hadmut Danisch a écrit:
> On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 01:00:37PM -0800, Brad Templeton wrote:
> 
>>b) Don't forget privacy rights and the (in the USA, constitutionally
>>protected) right of anonymous communication in designing any systems
>>of authentication.
>>
> 
> 
> Interesting. Could anyone give me a hint which part of the
> US constitution is stating this?
> 
> 
> There might be a conflict between constitutions. 
> 
> The german constitution says it is the recipients right to 
> not be bothered with unsolicited communication which includes
> anonymous communication. 
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world
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> Why are reverse MX records or domain specific DNSBLs any harder to
> maintain that regular MX records?

it depends on how often the data changes.  most MX records are fairly
static.  DNSBLs are centrally managed, which is different.

Keith

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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Limitations of filters (was Re: [Asrg] Do we need to do anything?)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 12:06:14 -0500 (EST)

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, wayne wrote:

David Skoll:
> > By the time spam hits the MUA, you've paid a significant cost of the
> > spam burden.

> I strongly disagree with this.

You don't run a busy mail server.

> By far the most expensive part of spam is the time spent by the end
> user.

In many cases: Yes.
In many other cases: No.

--
David.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
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References: <20030305222200.GH15047@danisch.de> <20030305173026.2cc1f628.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305224734.GD16824@danisch.de> <20030305180647.232f86b8.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305231539.GC17368@danisch.de> <20030306002417.A4477766@exeter.ac.uk> <20030306090540.GB2340@danisch.de> <20030306084606.2a1e2702.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030306141442.GA8957@danisch.de> <3E67703D.6040208@americasm01.nt.com>
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 17:58:05 +0100

On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 10:58:53AM -0500, Chris Lewis wrote:

> And there's the rub.  Anyone anywhere along the path could have forged 
> everything previous to them.  Not much different than the issues with 
> SMTP.


No. Since every node personally knew it's neighbours, you could 
backtrack the path until you found the node which forged. 

Today, you also can backtrack, but it's useless, since SMTP nodes
don't know their neighbours. How does it help you if you have 
a Received: header that reliably says that the e-mail came from some
dynamically assigned IP address in some country in far east, 
no chance to figure out who used it?

In contrast, every UUCP node knew who it was sharing passwords with.

Hadmut



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From: Joe St Sauver <JOE@OREGON.UOREGON.EDU>
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 09:04:04 -0800 (PST)

#We have.  As a rough description, the vast majority of it is spam of 
#various types coming from approximately 6000 unique IPs (a day's worth 
#of metrics) going to thousands of different email addresses, highly 
#variable numbers of spam per IP.  There are some indications that it's 
#only a few people behind it all, but not definitive.

We study our email sources as well; unlike the old days, we saw a clear
pattern:

-- spam from dedicated spam houses (easily blocked)
-- spam from open proxies (not open relays, open http proxies or open
   socks proxies) 

We track the dotted quads against a variety of blacklists; to date we've
seen and logged well over 25,000 unique proxies which have been exploited
(see http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~joe/open-proxies-used-to-send-spam.html )

If you want to control spam, you really need a mechanism for dealing with 
abusable open proxies. 

Regards,

Joe
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From: Rod Gilchrist <rod@borderware.com>
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Subject: Re: Patents (was Re: [Asrg] Time for the ISPs to fight back!)
References: <001401c2e350$d168f280$fd1e4e51@CPQ28140326195> <p0600093fba8c13b2e4fd@[192.168.1.104]> <20030305120349.C15588@lava.net> <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303051737400.7147@shishi.roaringpenguin.com>
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 12:10:16 -0500
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David F. Skoll wrote:

>On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Clifton Royston wrote:
>
>  
>
>>  People might want to look at the recently-implemented Postfix
>>sender verification feature in current snapshot releases.
>>    
>>
>
>This technique is patented and assigned to ESCOM Corporation, in US
>Patent #6,321,267 (see the section "Active User Testing")
>
>The patent was filed 23 November 1999; if you think you have prior
>art, I encourage you to publish it.
>  
>

I don't think this patent is particularly relevent.

I've attached claim 1 below. In patents claim 1 is the most general of 
all the claims.
In order to violate this patent you must have all three of the described 
filters (and I suspect,
given the phrasing, exactly these three and no more).

More normal language would refer to 'a plurality of filters including 
but not limited to
the following'.

So if you just leave out the dial up reverse connection detection (which 
probably isn't
relevent any more in any case) you aren't violating this patent IMO.

- Rod



1. A system for detecting and selectively preventing reception of an 
electronic message to a local message transfer agent (MTA), the 
electronic message having an address identifying a sender and 
transferred over a connection from a remote host, the system comprising:

a dialup filter determining whether the connection is a dialup 
connection and, if the connection is a dialup connection, terminating 
the connection;

a relay filter determining whether the remote host is an open relay and, 
if the remote host is an open relay, terminating the connection; and,

a user filter verifying whether the sender of the electronic message is 
authorized and, if the sender of the electronic message is not 
authorized, terminating the connection;

wherein, said system establishes communication over the connection 
between said remote host and the local MTA if said system determines 
that the connection is not a dialup connection, said relay filter 
determines that the remote host is not an open relay and said user 
filter verifies the sender as authorized.


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Subject: [Asrg] Massive bounce rates on spammer lists
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 16:59:59 +0000


Folks -- this is relevant to David Skoll's proposal yesterday -- the
bounce-counting network.

It's a quick quote from Steve Linford, who runs (or at least is the public
face of) spamhaus.org, so he has some knowledge of the situation.

It's pretty clear if we could correlate the ratio of bouncing/non-bouncing
recipient addresses by source, it could make a good system...

>  [...] Spammers are so used to everything not working properly that
>  they wouldn't notice or care much about it. The same goes for
>  WPoison, most spammers are bulking 50 million spams per day now of
>  which only a fraction is deliverable. They don't care what percentage
>  is deliverable or how much is stopped by DNSBLs or spam filters,
>  since with 50 million going out they'll always get enough through to
>  make the sales anyway.
>
>  Ralsky says that the more he's hindered by anti-spam devices the
>  higher the volumes he bulks out to compensate for it.
>
>  As an example of how much they care, spammers no longer bother
>  washing their lists of abuse desks or sysop addresses or TLDs such as
>  .gov or .mil (as a consequence the U.S.Navy now uses the SBL, saying
>  the amount of spam flooding their ships was getting ridiculous).
>
>  Spammer Kelly Joe Ellis specializes in address lists which are
>  completely Excel generated. He advertises his lists as "100 Million
>  PC-Generated addresses with 60-85% Connectivity Ratio!". With the
>  amount of undeliverables these guys are used to, they certainly
>  wouldn't notice a tarpit or any other anti-spam 'spoiler'. The only
>  pain they feel is caused by ISPs terminating their leased lines or
>  hosting accounts.

--j.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>
Cc: ietf anti-spam research group <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] The Traveling Salesman SMTP problem
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 18:10:45 +0100

On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 10:20:54AM -0600, wayne wrote:
> 
> Pardon my ignorance, but can't people use an MTA located on a port
> other than 25 that allows relaying if and only if the sender is
> authorized via SMTP AUTH or TLS?
> 


Pretty good question, simple answer: Yes, without any problem. 
That's a common technique. 


You could even put it on port 443 to make it appear as being
a https connection and run through a HTTP proxy. 

Hadmut


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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
Cc: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 18:12:21 +0100

On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 04:33:18PM +0000, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> 
> Because they mean people who like the way they do things right now have 
> to change that, or RMX won't work for those people. Unfortunately those 
> people aren't mom and pop, they are techies.
> 


As a consequence, we never could change anything, because you
alway find a couple of people who like the way it is. What are
we here for?

regards
Hadmut
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On Thu, 6 Mar 2003 10:46:38 -0500
Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:

> At 8:58 AM -0500 3/6/03, Keith Moore wrote:
> >I also don't believe in treating one-to-many email differently than
> >one-to-one email, because it's the content of the email that the
> >recipient cares about rather than the number of recipients.
> 
> I disagree, and I have several examples.

your first two examples support my assertion - they are both based
on content (perhaps on subtlties of content) rather than volume.  as for
your third example (and I've received messages like this also) -
yes, the meaning of the message changes if I can determine whether
the message was sent to lots of people.  but I generally figure if I
have never heard of a conference, and I don't know any of the people
who are supposed to be hosting the conference, then they're probably not
being very selective in inviting me.

> I believe there are three components to identifying spam.
> 
> 1. Routing information*
> 2. Content analysis
> 3. Bulk identification
> 
> Neither 1 nor 2 are completely sufficient without 3. 

I disagree.  I don't want to receive ads for nigerian money transfer
scams.  I don't care if I'm the only one receiving those ads.

> The fact that a message was sent to many people can significantly
> change its interpretation.

yes, sometimes.  but does the recipient have a right to know how many
people a message was sent to?

let's say I get a message from my boss (or someone higher in the food
chain) telling me that I got a raise (or a pay cut).  should I be able
to determine whether that same message was sent to lots of other people
- i.e. do I have a right to know whether I'm being singled out?


> I prefer routing information because it's based on the assumption 
> that spammers either a) have a safe-haven and can be blocked, or b) 
> are trying to hide where they are coming from. 

I think the lies are short-term.  Keeping spammers from lying about
who they are won't stop spam, it will only mean that different people
are spamming.

Keith
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Disposable ISP accounts (was Re: [Asrg] RE: Asrg digest, Vol 1 #42
 - 13 msgs)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 12:15:07 -0500 (EST)

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Tom Thomson wrote:

> Anyway, it's irrelevant.  What you generally want to identify is the sending
> account, so that the ISP can kill it off when he gets complaints.

An even simpler solution is for ISP's to prevent free accounts from
sending e-mail at all.  You can browse the Web all you want, but until
you pay up and give a credit card number -- no e-mail.  Or slightly
less draconian, force free accounts to send e-mail through the ISP's
server and limit it to 10 emails/day.

--
David.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world
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Date: 06 Mar 2003 11:42:14 -0600

In <20030306120607.6562af5d.moore@cs.utk.edu> Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu> writes:

> > Why are reverse MX records or domain specific DNSBLs any harder to
> > maintain that regular MX records?
> 
> it depends on how often the data changes.  most MX records are fairly
> static.  DNSBLs are centrally managed, which is different.

Domain specific DNSBLs are maintained in the same zone file as the MX
records for a domain.  When you add an incoming mail server, you have
to add the MX record.  When you add an outgoing mail server, you have
to add either an RMX record or a CNAME.

Considering the volume on this list, I can hardly blame anyone for
missing this message, especially because it was only the third message
posted, but the domain specific DNSBL was mentioned here:

https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00002.html

This mostly just contains a reference to:

http://groups.google.com/groups?q=vixie+mx+records+spam&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=3E18B0B3.43939A35%40Andrzej.Adam.Filip&rnum=10


-wayne

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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Justin Mason <jm@jmason.org>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Massive bounce rates on spammer lists
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 12:45:47 -0500 (EST)

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Justin Mason wrote:

> Folks -- this is relevant to David Skoll's proposal yesterday -- the
> bounce-counting network.

Thanks for that.  I have a refinement to the proposal that makes it
unlikely to hurt valid mailing lists: You only report the offending IP
if your DSN itself bounces (alternatively, you punish a bounced DSN
with a very high weight.)  Of course, you need a way to correlate the
DSN to the original IP, but that seems pretty easy---you control the DSN
contents, so you put a special (encrypted, maybe) header in it indicating
the original source of the e-mail.

Therefore, legitimate (but stale) mailing lists will not be penalized
as much as spammers with fake sender addresses.

You also penalize mail from "<>" to an invalid address, because that
is a fairly clear indication of spamming.

--
David.
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Pierre BRUA wrote:

> For your information, this is already used at the monkeys.com domain, 
> and they say it works pretty well to jugulate spam.
> See
> http://www.monkeys.com/anti-spam/filtering/additions.html

Read a little further.  It only works reliabily enough to be worthwhile 
for a very limited number of very large domains.  Even if this was RFC'd 
into some sort of DNS convention or extension, it's trivially bypassed 
by the spammer choosing envelope senders that don't participate in the 
convention.  Given that, for example, huge chunks of the internet don't 
have [r]DNS at all, it's pretty clear it'd never become widespread 
enough to be long-term useful.

In other words, anything that relies on a significant fraction of the 
non-spammers to do something is doomed to failure.

Yes, the technique can be useful sometimes in specific situations.  But 
not well enough to enshrine into long-term standards, and useless the 
day after publication.

There's a similar heuristic, which is probably more effective in 
blocking spam - that is, for selected domains, _insist_ that the 
argument to HELO matches the peer's rDNS domain name in some fashion.

But again, while it's currently useful for some specific sites (eg: AOL, 
Hotmail/MSN, Yahoo), it's too easily bypassable and compliance will 
never be wide spread enough to enshrine into public standards.

It's rather a lot like discussing filtering based upon the phrase 
"Diplomas from prestigious non-*ccredited Universities".  _Still_ works 
well (which is why I munged it slightly).  But not for long after 
publishing it.  Oops ;-)

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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 18:00:04 -0000
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 >
 > From: Kee Hinckley [mailto:nazgul@somewhere.com]
 > Sent: 06 March 2003 16:04
 > To: Tom Thomson
 > Cc: asrg@ietf.org
 > Subject: [Asrg] RE: Asrg digest, Vol 1 #32 - 9 msgs
 >
 > At 3:04 PM +0000 3/6/03, Tom Thomson wrote:
 > >Doing that we can end up with a clear view of which ISPs will deal with
spam
 > >complaints effectively and which won't.  Probably the next stage is
 > >blacklists - if an ISP is unwilling to deal with spam it's prohably
because
 > >he sees it as to his commercial advantage to allow it, and blacklisting
will
 > >make him useless to all his customers (whether spammers or not) so he'll
 > >pretty quickly change his ways.
 >
 > What you are describing is exactly the situation now.  The message
 > headers indicate the originator of the email by IP address.  When you
 > report the email, the ISP terminates the account if they are
 > responsible and doesn't if they are not.  The ISP doesn't need to log
 > message-ids, the received headers contain all the necessary
 > information for them to map back to the sender.
 >
 > At one point WorldCom reportedly had over 100 people doing nothing
 > but dealing with spam complaints.  And on the other side of the
 > fence, I haven't noticed the ISP 163.net in China going out of
 > business just because they are a major source of spam.
 >
 > PS. Could someone tell me why there are these Chinese ISPs that use
 > numbers like 163 an 263 as their names?  Is there some significance
 > to the numbers?
 > --
 > Kee Hinckley

No, it isn't the situation we have now.  It's closer to the situation we had
a while back, but the spammers have got a lot cleverer since.  Injecting a
few "Received-From:" headers at source, complete with IP addresses and
domain name that corresponded to that IP at the time the message was
delivered to that MTA, means that when the message is delivered there is no
authenticated point of origin.  Having MTA's sign the "Received-From:" lines
they insert would distinguish the fake ones from the real ones, and give us
a real point of origin - then we could complain to the right place (allowing
for the possibility that the point of origin signs a Received-From: header
properly, so the point of origin may be either the last signer or the
machine pointed at by the last signer). Similarly a signed "From:" header
would work, but of course we can't expect the spammer's MUA to provide that
for us and it takes longer to get MUSa updated than MTAs.
Now the anti-spammers have moved on too, and we have some MTAs which will
add a "probably forged" comment into the string of "Received-From" lines,
which is an improvement, but that unfortunately isn't bullet-proof and we
can expect the spammers to get ahead of that one next (why shouldn't the
point of origin inject such a comment some way down the chain to point a
misleading finger, and avoid using talking to MTAs known to provide this
comment when appropriate?).

I agree that some ISPs are going out of business depite appearing to be
major spam sources; but do we know they actually are major spam sources
though, without any authentication of the point of origin or of the
Received-From trail? That's what makes me favour blacklists once we have
reliable authentication of point of origin, but only when we have that
reliable authentication (and have a pile of complaints not dealt with).

And I haven't a clue why Chinese ISPs use these numeric names.

Tom Thomson

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Date: 06 Mar 2003 12:02:32 -0600

In <200303061702.MAA28693@ietf.org> "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net> writes:

> On 06 Mar 2003 10:20:54 -0600, wayne wrote:
> 
> >claiming they are from them, AND those ISPs don't set up an MTA on a
> >non-port 25 server that allows relaying, THEN you have a valid
> >complaint about how the ISP is running things.
> 
> Yes, you have a valid complaint, and when you transmit it they
> say "piss off" 


So, find a different email provider and don't use your ISPs SMTP.
Yes, it may cost a few bucks, and yes, you may have to communicate
with that email provider over a different port than port 25, but I
don't see what the big deal is.



-wayne

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From: "Jed Margolin" <jmsml@jmargolin.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] Let's try something different
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I have heard that you are interested in reducing spam. Here is my Proposal:


The way email currently works is:

1. Sender's email is stored on Recipient's server.

2. Sender can broadcast email.

3. Sender can forge headers, making it impossible to complain to Sender's
ISP.


I propose:

1. Sender's email is stored on Sender's server. Recipient is sent a message
with a unique link to the message and a maximum Subject line of 80
alphanumeric characters.

2. Sender can be anonymous, but not to Sender's ISP. There will be a feature
(a button) so Recipient can tell Sender's ISP, "Don't send me any further
email from this Sender."

3. Broadcasting is prohibited. If Sender wishes to send 1 million identical
messages, then Sender's server will contain 1 million copies of the message.

4. Sender's ISP will be notified if (and when) the email has been read so it
can be deleted from Sender's server. Alternatively, email can be deleted
from Sender's server at the end of the day (or week) that it is read.


It would also be nice if the Mailreader could be configured to automatically
show messages in text format first and then let the user decide whether or
not to view it in html.


Jed Margolin


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David F. Skoll wrote:

> You also penalize mail from "<>" to an invalid address, because that
> is a fairly clear indication of spamming.

As a FYI, this isn't our experience.  Mail from "<>" to an "invalid" 
address is perhaps even more often a postmaster bounce to a spam forged 
in our domain.

Of the 225048 connects to our spamtrap so far today, 1747 (~ 1%) of them 
are bounces of spam forged in our spamtrap's domain (detected by 
checking for both a null return address and "postmaster" or "daemon" 
(from mailer-daemon in the body From)).  It varies a lot day-by day. For 
two days in a row this week it was in excess of 20%.

The idea has some merit, but it'll need more tuning than meets the eye 
first glance.

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David F. Skoll wrote:
> On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Tom Thomson wrote:

>>Anyway, it's irrelevant.  What you generally want to identify is the sending
>>account, so that the ISP can kill it off when he gets complaints.

> An even simpler solution is for ISP's to prevent free accounts from
> sending e-mail at all.  You can browse the Web all you want, but until
> you pay up and give a credit card number -- no e-mail.  Or slightly
> less draconian, force free accounts to send e-mail through the ISP's
> server and limit it to 10 emails/day.

Some ISPs are already doing this to reasonably good effect.  Cleanup 
fees are even better.

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Cc: Justin Mason <jm@jmason.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Massive bounce rates on spammer lists 
In-Reply-To: Message from "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> 
   of "Thu, 06 Mar 2003 12:45:47 EST." <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303061241050.3200@shishi.roaringpenguin.com> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 18:10:15 +0000


David F. Skoll said:

> Thanks for that.  I have a refinement to the proposal that makes it
> unlikely to hurt valid mailing lists: You only report the offending IP
> if your DSN itself bounces (alternatively, you punish a bounced DSN
> with a very high weight.)  Of course, you need a way to correlate the
> DSN to the original IP, but that seems pretty easy---you control the DSN
> contents, so you put a special (encrypted, maybe) header in it indicating
> the original source of the e-mail.

Actually, I'm not sure that's a good idea; it'll provide an impetus for
spammers to joe-job, impersonating known-valid From addrs (typically
by picking one at random from the same list of addresses).

--j.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Massive bounce rates on spammer lists
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 13:10:35 -0500 (EST)

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Chris Lewis wrote:

> As a FYI, this isn't our experience.  Mail from "<>" to an "invalid"
> address is perhaps even more often a postmaster bounce to a spam forged
> in our domain.

Hmm.  OK.  Scratch that one. :-( Although you might be able to tell by
the message contents if you delay the rejection.  A DSN (what happens
in the forged-sender case) typically looks quite different from an
actual spam pretending to be from <>  And disguising spam as a DSN
isn't too attractive, because most end-users are highly-confused
by DSN's.

--
David.
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David F. Skoll wrote:
> On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, wayne wrote:

> David Skoll:

>>>By the time spam hits the MUA, you've paid a significant cost of the
>>>spam burden.

>>I strongly disagree with this.

> You don't run a busy mail server.

I do.  In the vast majority of cases[*], spam volumes are within the 
"breathing room" you should engineer into your mail system.  Yes, it 
forces you to upgrade earlier, but in the scheme of things it's swamped 
by the end-user issues.

For budgeting of anti-spam, we completely disregard the cost savings in 
the infrastructure due to reduced volume, because of this factor, and 
instead come up with a productivity loss cost.

As a benchmark, we use an average of one minute per spam that hits the 
end-user.  That seems absurdly high[+], but once you factor in the 
unusual events (Corporate Security investigations, management chain 
uproars, people unable to cope with being bombarded with _extremely_ 
offensive spam and being unable to focus on work for a day or two, 
popups, mailer freezeups, and even the occasional reconstruction of a 
box), it's stood the test of time.

That works out to (after fudging and rounding of numbers, without 
revealing our LLR) a buck each in rough numbers.

$50,000 worth of productivity saved per day buys a lot more hardware and 
bandwidth than is needed to carry the spam.

[*] Of course there are exceptions.  Striker for example.  Or, if we 
were still trying to conduct business with our spamtrap domains.  Your 
bandwidth would be 80% or higher (99.9999% in the case of striker) for 
spam alone.  This may also be true of places like AOL (one billion spams 
in a day.  Yow!)

[+] Some anti-spam vendors are using a figure of 10-15 seconds each.

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Date: 06 Mar 2003 12:25:16 -0600

In <00a101c2e40b$54e40cc0$ca81bbd0@kit> "Jed Margolin" <jmsml@jmargolin.com> writes:

> I propose:
> 
> [storing messages on the sender's server until they are delivered]

Obviously, this will require a different protocol than SMTP.

What you have described is available on several different web BBS
systems right now.  So, the new protocol is just HTTP and the new MUA
is just your browser.


This idea isn't taking off that quickly, but the fact that some people
are going back to having several different ways of sending and
receiving "email" tells you how bad the spam problem is.  *sigh*



-wayne

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From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 18:29:18 +0000
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On Thursday, Mar 6, 2003, at 17:12 Europe/London, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 04:33:18PM +0000, Matt Sergeant wrote:
>>
>> Because they mean people who like the way they do things right now 
>> have
>> to change that, or RMX won't work for those people. Unfortunately 
>> those
>> people aren't mom and pop, they are techies.
>
> As a consequence, we never could change anything, because you
> alway find a couple of people who like the way it is. What are
> we here for?

I don't agree with the status quo. Someone asked for a reason and I 
gave it.

Matt.

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To: James McIninch <james.mcininch@attbi.com>
From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 18:33:42 +0000
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On Thursday, Mar 6, 2003, at 16:28 Europe/London, James McIninch wrote:

> It would work like this -- I'm going to give an e-mail address out, 
> perhaps
> to someone I don't trust. My MUA asks a forwarding service for a 
> randomly
> generated address to be mapped to my true e-mail address for either 
> 1.) a
> specific time period, or 2.) until I ask for it to be revoked. I then 
> give
> the temporary forwarding address to the untrusted party. Once the 
> forwarding
> address ages out or is revoked, the forwarder simply rejects emails to 
> that
> id.

Tagged addresses, temporary addresses, etc. All work well for a bit. 
Until your real email address gets out there.

And then you're history.

Look at it this way - you give your mum your real email address, 
because you know she's not a spammer. She forwards you a joke, and CC's 
a whole bunch of co-workers. One of those co-workers forwards that 
email to somewhere that gets archived on the web. And her MUA includes 
all those people's email addresses. BAM.

Matt.

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From: Liudvikas Bukys <bukys@cs.rochester.edu>
To: asrg@ietf.org
cc: bukys@cs.rochester.edu
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX breaks mailing lists 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 06 Mar 2003 11:05:19 EST."
             <6DCBBFCC-4FED-11D7-8D9B-000A27AF5202@megacity.org> 
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 13:51:10 -0500


>From: "Derek J. Balling" <dredd@megacity.org>
>Message-Id: <6DCBBFCC-4FED-11D7-8D9B-000A27AF5202@megacity.org>
>Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 11:05:19 -0500
>
>So in the DS model, you would configure your internal relay to do the 
>DS test, which had a sender of <asrg-admin@ietf.org>, and ask IETF "is 
>132.151.1.19 authorized to send mail for ietf.org?", get an assurance 
>of trust, and move on.
>
>You could then set up your final-MX to say "trust all mail from my 
>internal relay, because it's already done those checks itself".
>
>The received headers never come into play. It's strictly concerned 
>sender-domain (from the envelope) and connecting IP.


BUT there is no envelope sender re-writing for (in sendmail parlance):
	- aliases without list owners
	- .forward forwarding

Should there be?  It would be a different world.
While that doesn't rule out adoption of RMX, it does make even
its adoption have pretty big impact on everyday normal practices.


P.S. I have now twice succumbed to the temptation to add
to the high-volume small-topic flood.  Now it's out of my
system, and I see the wisdom in Paul Judge's trying to move
the discussion toward longer and systematic drafts rather
than point-by-point reaction.  So I'll be quiet for a while.
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Date: 06 Mar 2003 12:55:54 -0600

In <4B91B49E5EBCBA448687A033B3C7BC5905F3D558@bremocag> Postmaster <Postmaster@bellsouth.com> writes:

>> From: wayne [mailto:wayne@midwestcs.com]
>>
>> In <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303061044160.2997@shishi.roaringpenguin.com> "David F.
>> Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> writes:
>> 
>> > 
>> > By the time spam hits the MUA, you've paid a significant cost of the
>> > spam burden.
>> 
>> I strongly disagree with this.
>> 
>> By far the most expensive part of spam is the time spent by the end
>> user.  
> 
> --- What?! Wayne... care to pay for the 4 brand new servers I just had to
> put online to handle the sheer volume of the spam?

No, I would not want to pay for your new servers, nor would I want to
pay for your user's lost time.

How much did those servers cost?

How much time would your users have spent dealing with spam if you
didn't filter?

How much is your users' time worth?


All I'm saying is that I, for most situations, the hardware and
bandwidth costs of spam is less than what the users' time is worth.
If this isn't the case, they you don't have a good justification for
spending money to reduce spam.


This means that if you can reduce the amount of spam that the end user
has to deal with by accepting the spam and analyzing it, this is what
you should do.  It also means that spam filtering by the MUA is ok,
since the MUA often can know a lot more about what the user considers
to be spam than a MTA or mail server.

False positives can also be very expensive.  Reduction in bandwidth
and hardware costs by aggressive and early filtering may be penny wise
and pound foolish.  IF the MUA has a good spam filtering system, it
may be most cost effective to let a lot of questionable email through
to it.


We all wish that spam would "just go away".  We resent the money we
have to spend upgrading servers and buying more bandwidth.  We resent
the time spent dealing with it, both as sysadmins and end users.  We
resent having to hide our email addresses.

We shouldn't, however, let our resentment get in the way of doing good
cost/benefit analysis.



-wayne

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To: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Do we need to do anything?
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 13:59:44 -0500

At 18:33 +0000 3/6/03, Matt Sergeant wrote:
>Tagged addresses, temporary addresses, etc. All work well for a bit. 
>Until your real email address gets out there.
>
>And then you're history.
>
>Look at it this way - you give your mum your real email address, 
>because you know she's not a spammer. She forwards you a joke, and 
>CC's a whole bunch of co-workers. One of those co-workers forwards 
>that email to somewhere that gets archived on the web. And her MUA 
>includes all those people's email addresses. BAM.

But if you had a proper client that hid all the work, you could 
"give" a different e-mail address to every correspondent, and if it 
leaked out, you need only cancel that one and give that particular 
correspondent a freshly-generated address, no?
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Do we need to do anything?
In-Reply-To: <28579C07-5002-11D7-9DB3-0003939CB5D8@startechgroup.co.uk>
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 14:04:46 -0500 (EST)

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Matt Sergeant wrote:

> Tagged addresses, temporary addresses, etc. All work well for a bit.
> Until your real email address gets out there.

Not necessarily.  People on this forum complain about spammers
not using real e-mail addresses because it's so easy to use fake ones.

Well, maybe *nobody* should have a "real" e-mail address.  We only
ever give out ephemeral addresses, that could be locked to a particular
sender, time-limited, etc.

Only your server knows your "real" address.  And it bounces mail sent
to that address; it only accepts mail for ephemeral addresses.

Web pages for contact info generate ephemeral addresses when they're
rendered.

When you print business cards, the printer uses a different ephemeral
address on each card.  (OK, this last is a hassle, but not insurmountable.)

There are a lot of silly implementation and book-keeping details, but
no fundamental reasons why this wouldn't work.

--
David.
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From: "Barclay, Robert" <Robert.Barclay@experianems.com>
To: "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
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These discussions keep leading me back to the idea that the first step of
any attempt to implement this groups charter, at leats in its first
iteration, needs to be a decision nuetral system that conveys sufficient
information for end users to determine whether this email meets their
definition of "consent". Basically a sine qua non for any solution to spam
seems to be at least the possibility that you can accurately determine who
sent you the email, and a means for a user or system to define what types of
email they will accept from trusted and untrusted sources.
Whether or not bulk email is treated differently than one to one
communication (and I think at least in transport it should not be) the end
goal should be for end users to have control over what email gets into their
In boxes right?

-----Original Message-----
From: Keith Moore [mailto:moore@cs.utk.edu]
Sent: Thursday, March 06, 2003 6:58 AM
To: Troy Rollo
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)



> So Keith's concerns about the impact of Chris's definition of consent 
> aren't particularly justified if we look at consent as the law defines it,


well, it's not clear to me what the charter means, and I don't have any
reason to believe that they had this particular context in mind when they
wrote it.

also, it's not that I inherently object to defining consent in one way or
another, but I do think that a system that effectively required prior
consent
to send mail, and enforced it, would be unfortunate if whatver solution we
came up with did not provide more flexibility than that.

I also don't believe in treating one-to-many email differently than
one-to-one
email, because it's the content of the email that the recipient cares about
rather than the number of recipients. 

Keith

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<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3DUS-ASCII">
<META NAME=3D"Generator" CONTENT=3D"MS Exchange Server version =
5.5.2653.12">
<TITLE>RE: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent =
expression)</TITLE>
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<BODY>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>These discussions keep leading me back to the idea =
that the first step of any attempt to implement this groups charter, at =
leats in its first iteration, needs to be a decision nuetral system =
that conveys sufficient information for end users to determine whether =
this email meets their definition of &quot;consent&quot;. Basically a =
sine qua non for any solution to spam seems to be at least the =
possibility that you can accurately determine who sent you the email, =
and a means for a user or system to define what types of email they =
will accept from trusted and untrusted sources.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Whether or not bulk email is treated differently than =
one to one communication (and I think at least in transport it should =
not be) the end goal should be for end users to have control over what =
email gets into their In boxes right?</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>-----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>From: Keith Moore [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:moore@cs.utk.edu">mailto:moore@cs.utk.edu</A>]</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Sent: Thursday, March 06, 2003 6:58 AM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>To: Troy Rollo</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu; asrg@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: =
consent expression)</FONT>
</P>
<BR>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; So Keith's concerns about the impact of Chris's =
definition of consent </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; aren't particularly justified if we look at =
consent as the law defines it, </FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>well, it's not clear to me what the charter means, =
and I don't have any</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>reason to believe that they had this particular =
context in mind when they</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>wrote it.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>also, it's not that I inherently object to defining =
consent in one way or</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>another, but I do think that a system that =
effectively required prior consent</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>to send mail, and enforced it, would be unfortunate =
if whatver solution we</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>came up with did not provide more flexibility than =
that.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>I also don't believe in treating one-to-many email =
differently than one-to-one</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>email, because it's the content of the email that =
the recipient cares about</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>rather than the number of recipients. </FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Keith</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT =
SIZE=3D2>_______________________________________________</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Asrg mailing list</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Asrg@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2><A =
HREF=3D"https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg" =
TARGET=3D"_blank">https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg</A></FONT>=

</P>

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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: Roland <list-asrg@openrbl.org>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>,
        Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Subject: Re: privacy is a feature (Re: [Asrg] desirable characteristics of source tracking)
Message-ID: <20030306191117.A4198310@exeter.ac.uk>
References: <20030305070437.60bdfd34.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305122021.GA6748@danisch.de> <20030305073217.46f79dcb.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305125322.GA7179@danisch.de> <20030305080032.59d50373.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305203057.B4412039@exeter.ac.uk> <20030305163225.088b989c.moore@cs.utk.edu> <20030305222200.GH15047@danisch.de> <courier.3E668CAC.0000209D@msgid.vqx.net> <20030306085710.GA2340@danisch.de>
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 19:11:17 +0000

Hadmut wrote:
> The failure is that this sender's right currently needs
> to cut any recipient's right.

I think your views and objections are based on a fixed view of
technologies that could be used to combat spam, and by fixation on
implementing to the letter some ill-thought out German laws.

In fact your conclusions are wrong.  One just needs to use technology
which does not do that.  Requiring senders to classify their mail
doesn't meet the principles we've discussed, but this just means that
is a bad solution.

For example hashcash and token based white lists as a way to avoid
false positives provides:

- reduces spam for recipient
- no erosion of senders rights (privacy, reliability, functionality)
- no loss of reliability
- backwards compatibility
- improves reliability for users 

> From my point of view, the currently exhibited objections
> are based on ignorance and violation of the recipients rights.

No, the objections were carefully reasoned, and are in fact defacto
and demonstrably user valued existing functionalities of email.  What
uucp mail may or may not have provided is somewhat irrelevant to the
current email users who for the last say 10 years have been relying on
particular privacy, functionality and reliability features.

The only conflict is your inflexible adherence to what you claim is a
German principle of law that the recipient should have the right to
not receive anonymous email, which is a nonsensical claim in a
communications medium without authentication, and a strong history and
user desire for user choice in authentication (none, web of trust,
non-transferable signatures, and PKI signatures based on the
circumstance).

You claim to care about privacy, and yet it would seem you want to
punish users who want privacy in the name of narrow minded, to the
letter, interpretations of ill-thought out local laws.


This list is about reducing the volume of spam received by recipients,
not about enforcing a claimed local law saying that users must have a
right to not receive anonymous mail.  These are different things.

Adam
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 19:14:34 -0000
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> > > No. When e-mail was introduced in the early days, it was based on
> > > UUCP.
> >
> > There were lots of early email systems, and I don't want to argue about
which
> > one predates another.  I was speaking of the ARPAnet/Internet context
that
> > eventually created rfc822 and SMTP.  This community did not start out
using
> > UUCP; very few of them were even using UNIX.
>
> There were pretty strict requirements before you could connect to the
> early DARPA/ARPA/DARPA inter-network network.  I agree that UUCP
> wasn't the predecessor to the current internet STMP system, but
> Hadmut's point that there was much tighter authentication in the past
> seems to be valid.

I seem to remember that the internet started out using RFC733 (not RFC822,
which was a fair bit later) and that there was a requirement for mail
compatibility between "old" ARPANET using NCP and the "new" INTERNET using
TCP (with UUCP not getting a mention at the time - twentythree years ago -
so far as I can remember). Anyway, RFC822 isn't even remotely relevant to
UUCP versus NCP versus TCP discussions or to envelope sender authentication,
since it does not address that level of protocol at all (RFC822 is not
RFC821, and I'm not sure even RFC821 specifies that TCP is the carrier, it's
a very long time since I read it but there's no reason why it should).
I don't believe any of the systems in use in the early days of the internet
provided any form of authentication of the sender at all. Also it's worth
remembering that it was nowhere near universal for MUAs to be RFC733
conformant, let alone RFC822 conformant, and that RFC821 was certainly not a
universally used mail protocol, until the 1990s (plenty of addresses with
explicit routing in them, whether n@a@b@c format or n%a%b@c format or
c!b!a!n format or a mixture of all three around until about 10 years ago).
The European contemporaries, EARN and JANET, did no better on email sender
authentication than INTERNET did (in other words they did exactly nothing on
it - I remember knocking up a send only MUA on an ICL mainframe in
Manchester for occassions when I couldn't reach my usual MTA and happily
using it to send grey-book mail to JANET, EARN, and INTERNET addresses
"from" my usual mail address on a Unix machine in Oxford - without the mail
ever going within a couple of hundred miles of that machine).

Tom Thomson

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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 19:17:18 +0000

Guess you weren't listening.  This was _all_ said before.

A) RMX is broken, due to reliance on DNS

B) (presuming you fix that in some way) if everyone did this then an
existing functionality -- the ability to send mail from different
accounts using existing defacto functionality, software and
infrastructure -- is lost.

While there may be ways to _change_ massive amounts of infrastructure
to still be able to send from different accounts, it _has_ to be
acknowledged that this is a cost of this solution, to the millions of
people currently using that existing functionality.

As there appear to be other technologies which don't have this massive
problem, and in addition due to problem A) (that RMX is broken), it
doesn't appear to be an attractive candidate solution.

Adam

On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 11:53:15AM +0100, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> Peoples of the world, listen:
> 
> 
>   I, the legal owner and emperor of the domain "danisch.de", hereby
>   declare to the world, that all mail from this domain will be
>   delivered from the IP address 213.133.101.23 only. I kindly ask
>   you to not accept any mail with a sender address of this domain
>   delivered from any other IP address, since it is considered to be
>   forged. Thank you for your cooperation.
> 
> 
> In what way would such a statement infringe anyone else's 
> constitutional or other rights?
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 14:23:01 -0500 (EST)

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, wayne wrote:

> False positives can also be very expensive.  Reduction in bandwidth
> and hardware costs by aggressive and early filtering may be penny wise
> and pound foolish.  IF the MUA has a good spam filtering system, it
> may be most cost effective to let a lot of questionable email through
> to it.

Actually, the better solution is to implement per-user filtering on
the mail server.  It's a heck of a lot cheaper to upgrade software
on one or a few servers than supply lots of users with new MUA's.

And if a user is dialing up long-distance to pick up e-mail, he/she
will appreciate systems that trap suspect mail on the server for review
rather than forcing it all to be downloaded first.

--
David.
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Subject: [Asrg] email classes! (and i dont mean email 101)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 11:24:32 -0800

email classes! (and i dont mean email 101)
---
here is a possible solution:
i think a lot of people are overlooking something really important 
and that is that the majority of email users have free online email 
accounts like hotmail. in order for any new protocols, 
security/accountability measures to be put into place, companies like 
microsoft are going to have to buy into the technology, otherwise 
there will be massive fracturing within email systems that probably 
not be in anyones best interest. that is unless someone has a really 
great idea and it catches on to the point of becoming an instant mime.

my idea is this; create a set of classes that act as a bottleneck 
between the user and the acquisition of an email account. in essence 
set restrictions for each class type, ie:
personal: 24 i/o messages/day quota. (basic sign up, just like hotmail)
business: 48 free i/o messages/day quota. (comprehensive sign up 
requiring credit card info, policy would charge an additional $1.50 
for additional >48 sent emails)
i cant imagine an individual sending more than 24 emails in a day, 
and if they did they would be forced to pay for them, legally. 
alternately only a single account could be registered per CC# this 
would eliminate multiple personality disorder ;)

the number one problem i see with email is that unlimited sending 
power is available to anyone. i have no idea how a person could 
enforce my idea seeing how email is available all over the world 
without any real centralized control. people should still be able to 
sign up for free and easy accounts, but there should be a reasonable 
limitation on how much email traffic can be happening through those 
accounts. i see no reason for commercial email at all, there is no 
legitimacy to random advertising, and there is only questionable 
legitimacy to targeted advertising. that it may or may not be 
effective is beside the point. it seems that people are having 
trouble distinguishing between what is spam and what is not, well 
here let me make it easy for you: if the general message is 
repetitive and you dont subscribe to it of your own free will then 
it's spam. no one seems to remember long ago when there was no spam; 
occasionally an email would come out of the blue, maybe it was 
commercial, maybe not, either way it was not spam because there was 
not system behind it, it was just a coincidence, maybe even an 
accident. spam can be characterized as a sytematic approach by a 
company or individual to evict a response from other persons without 
their permission. the intention of the sender is key.

for the implementation of the system i have proposed, this is how i 
would imagine it to take effect:
first design and foolproof the system architecture. second integrate 
the design into the existing base SMTP, releasing it as a new version 
backwards compatible with the current SMTP with the exception of the 
traffic limitation feature and email classes. third set up mail sign 
up portals stressing the potential to eliminate unwanted 
solicitations.

eventually if enough people signed up spam would cease to be viable 
as anyone attempting to spam would experience a drastic downshift; 
with the old SMTP targeted mailboxes would fill up after 24 messages, 
the rest would bounce. with the enhanced SMTP spammers would be 
limited to 48 messages a day per CC, even if they had 50 credit 
cards, that would still only be only 2400 emails total, with any 
bounces further diminishing the quota. basically spammers would 
simply have no business.
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 12:26:51 -0700

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003 12:15:07 -0500 (EST)  "David F. Skoll" wrote:
 +------------------
 | On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Tom Thomson wrote:
 | 
 | An even simpler solution is for ISP's to prevent free accounts from
 | sending e-mail at all.  You can browse the Web all you want, but until
 | you pay up and give a credit card number -- no e-mail.  Or slightly
 | less draconian, force free accounts to send e-mail through the ISP's
 | server and limit it to 10 emails/day.
 | 
 +------------------

Systems like the DUL go a long way to help inforce this.  Few retail
isp accounts have good reason to bypass the providors MTA.

That having been said many smaller isps view allowing open access to the
internet as a freedom that they see as having value to their customers.
Maybe that makes them a haven but I'm not sure what

--
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Date: 06 Mar 2003 13:35:46 -0600

In <200303061128.59077.james.mcininch@attbi.com> James McIninch <james.mcininch@attbi.com> writes:

> In the world of e-mail, we could leave SMTP and the MTAs entirely untouched 
> and provide a simple service that handles account aliasing (mail forwarding). 
> It would work like this -- I'm going to give an e-mail address out, perhaps 
> to someone I don't trust. My MUA asks a forwarding service for a randomly 
> generated address to be mapped to my true e-mail address for either 1.) a 
> specific time period, or 2.) until I ask for it to be revoked.

This sounds a heck of a lot like http://sneakemail.com/

There are other similar systems out there.  People use them and they
seem to work.


However, I don't think this kind of thing is a good solution.
Enough spammers continue to spam long after an account has been
deactivated that systems like sneakemail will experiences an ever
increasing ratio of spam to valid email.  People will also still have
to deal with switching email addresses.


-wayne

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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 11:34:35 -0800 (PST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

> I don't think that the response loop idea is acceptable as a general
> solution. In my view it should only be used as a last resort if
> a mailer has exhausted every other means of authenticating the
> sender. That means SSL, S/MIME and PGP. Nobody should be using 
> intrusive means of authentication when there are non-intrusive
> options available.

How intrusive is it for a person to expect all correspondents to use
S/MIME or PGP authentication?  Most of the people I correspond with don't
even know what those are, let alone know how to use them.

My inbox is presently guarded by an autoresponder that sends and receives
return-address confirmation requests via SMTP.  One might say that, in
effect, I consent to receive email from people who use (and monitor) the
"From" address that they use.  While not technically elegant, this method
is widely implemented and pretty well understood.  

I'd love to replace it with something less intrusive, but I don't think
it's really my decision.  Rather, the decision lies in the hands of all
the people with whom I correspond.

So then the problem is getting everyone to use SMIME or PGP or whatever.  

They don't have to know they're using it (just like they don't "know" what
SMTP stands for), it just needs to be pervasively implemented.

> I think it is acceptable to send a callback loop request if all
> other means of authentication have been exhausted first and the
> message in question has been identified as having a high 
> probability of being spam. Otherwise this type of behaviour is
> simply anti-social.

I disagree with that assertion - autoresponder-based whitelists are a net
gain for the community.  Since instituting my autoresponder and whitelist
about a year ago, I've received about two pieces of spam.  The number of
unseeing spam messages is probably around 1500.  I've probably sent a
couple dozen (admittedly annoying) confirmation requests to actual human
beings.  In the big picture, the number of annoying messages put before
live humans has dropped from 1500 to 25.  If everyone took up whitelisting
and automated confirmation, the number of unwanted messages everyone
received would drop by a comparable ratio.  I don't think this that's an
anti-social vision at all.  To the extent that it is, the blame lies on
the penis-extension people and their ilk, not those who have instituted a
system that results in a reduction of the total number unwanted messages
arriving in inboxes.
 
It's not a perfect solution, and I hope we can come up with something
better, but it works.  I note that this very mailing list uses a similar
method to screen subscription requests.  I don't consider that
anti-social, in fact I consider it a very wise practice.

The bandwidth cost of every piece of spam goes up by a factor of two to
three, though - there's the confirmation request, and then the bounce
report created by said request.  That's the drawback I have the hardest
time rationalizing.  But it works *very* well, and that's rationalization
enough for me.

-- 

Nate Waddoups
Redmond WA USA
http://www.natew.com



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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Adam Back'" <adam@cypherspace.org>, Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Subject: RE: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 11:53:51 -0800



> Guess you weren't listening.  This was _all_ said before.

This is the second time you have assumed that someone who disagrees with you
does so from ignorance.

I am the Principal Scientist of VeriSign, a company that manages DNS and PKI
infrastructure on a very large scale. Hadmut has made a number of well
thought out contributions to the debate.

If DNS is broken we can fix it for this application.

I suggest that you treat other participants in the group with some respect
if you wish your own ideas to be listened to.

	Phill
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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org, Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] DNSSEC has it's own deployment problems (Re: Keith, Hadmut both right)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 19:30:27 +0000

On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 04:50:18AM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> The widespread DNS spoofing scenarios proposed are theoretical not
> practical. 

Probably you missed the earlier post with a pointer to a paper on DNS
attacks:

https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00113.html

and a description of the way that RMX proposal interacts badly to make
DNS even more vulnerable in the context of RMX.

> And if they did prove to be practical it would merely create the
> currently missing imperative for DNSSEC deployment - not a bad thing
> in itself.

However there is no upgrade path to installing DNSSEC as a way to
fixing the problem, because DNSSEC has a version rollback attack.  An
attacker can trick a DNSSEC client into thinking the DNSSEC server is
just a DNS server.  Even worse it's the same pattern of attack that
makes RMX vulnerable to DNS attacks.

To fix it you'd have to fully deploy DNSSEC and _disable_ DNS.  This
is likely a problem as hard as fixing spam, as it's of similar order
to replacing SMTP as a protocol with a cut-off date.

On top of that DNSSEC presumes a PKI, which as we've seen over the
last 5 years is a hard thing to deploy in and of itself.

Adam
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 09:46:16 -0800 (PST)

DNS is specially designed to be tied to IP addresses and so are ip addresses 
to DNS (reverse dns which is in fact used by some mailers to establish 
identity). It seems to me we can not rely on just ip address or just domain
but both can be used with possibly additional means of authentication when 
one or the other changes. Big problem is how to provide distributed 
authentication if it must be independent of either ip addresses or domain names.

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> subject to relataively few constraints, you own 'danisch.de' for as long as
> you renew it.  most users do not own their IP addresses.  in order for routing
> to scale (at least with current routing protocols), it is necessary that
> networks be renumbered from time to time.  so we do not want to encourage
> tight binding of IP addresses to domain names even for those cases where it might
> work, for now.  also, source addresses can sometimes be forged, so we don't
> want to rely on them as authentiation tokens.
> 
> Keith
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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From: "Jonathan Wilkins" <jwilkins@microsoft.com>
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I've been tracking this discussion for a little while and thought that
I'd finally de-lurk and give some comments.

I'm going to summarize some points that Adam Back has made and add
a little because it seems that some people have still not understood
the problems.  

Firstly, the DNS protocol is subject to spoofing.  This is a fundamental
problem with the protocol and cannot be fixed without totally changing
the protocol.  This is due to the fact that the first answer with a 
matching request ID is accepted.  Since the request ID is a 16 bit
field,
it is trivial for an attacker to send 65536 100 byte packets and provide
this answer.  

This is bad in general, but somewhat mitigated by the fact that it is
hard to determine when a given server will make a request and the fact
that most important things are backed up with SSL.  An attacker
may know that you bank with Wells Fargo, but will find it difficult to 
predict exactly when you're going to try and log into their servers.
Even if they manage that, you'll still be presented with a browser
warning
(or if they direct you to https://www.weelsfargo.com you stand a chance
of
noticing the unexpected URL)

In the context of the RMX proposal, neither of these are true.  The
attacker
knows roughly when you'll do the lookup. (Either when the MAIL FROM line
is
sent or when the message has been received.)  Furthermore, since the
attacker
gets to choose the TTL, the value of this attack is greatly increased.
Since the TTL is specified as an unsigned integer and given in seconds
this means that they only have to succeed with this attack once per
server.

Furthermore, since they don't care whether you're reading spam from 
spammer@foo.com or spammer@bar.com, if they somehow fail the first
attempt, 
they can retry over and over again with varying domains.  As soon as
they
win once, they can spam for however long your DNS server actually caches
the record.

DNS IS NOT A VALID METHOD OF AUTHENTICATION!!!!!!!!

Note:
While it is possible to make this attack harder by varying the source
port too (which DJBDNS does and BIND doesn't) the total search space
is still too small to withstand a concerted attack.  This is made worse
by the birthday attack mentioned in the DNS Cache Poisoning - TNG paper)


Papers to read:
DNS Cache Poisoning - The Next Generation
The old problem of DNS cache poisoning has again reared its ugly head. 
While some would argue that the domain name system protocol is
inherently 
vulnerable to this style of attack due to the weakness of 16-bit 
transaction IDs, we cannot ignore the immediate threat while waiting for

something better to come along. There are new attacks, which make DNS 
cache poisoning trivial to execute against a large number of nameservers

running today. The purpose of this article is to shed light on these new

attacks and recommend ways to defend against them. 


http://www.securityfocus.com/guest/17905

--------
Mike Schiffman (aka route, past editor of phrack) has done an analysis 
of the current state of the world's DNS infrastructure.

Synopsis:
DNS servers across the Internet running BIND are not up to date with 
security patches and software updates. As a result, a significant
fraction 
of the Internet's DNS servers is vulnerable to compromise, subversion, 
denial of service, and general misuse. Considering that DNS is the
lynchpin 
of the corporate enterprise, the impact of these vulnerabilities is 
significant and a successful attack could bring down any online
business. 

http://www.packetfactory.net/DNS/


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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>, Asrg@ietf.org,
        Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
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In-Reply-To: <20030306165805.GA12473@danisch.de>; from hadmut@danisch.de on Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 05:58:05PM +0100
Subject: [Asrg] RMX provides auth for one-hop only (Re: privacy is a feature)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 19:39:37 +0000

Nodes in the received path can lie with RMX or UUCP, I think this is
the point.  Ergo RMX only provides authentication when there is one
hop.

Adam

On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 05:58:05PM +0100, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 10:58:53AM -0500, Chris Lewis wrote:
> 
> > And there's the rub.  Anyone anywhere along the path could have forged 
> > everything previous to them.  Not much different than the issues with 
> > SMTP.
> 
> 
> No. Since every node personally knew it's neighbours, you could 
> backtrack the path until you found the node which forged. 
> 
> Today, you also can backtrack, but it's useless, since SMTP nodes
> don't know their neighbours. How does it help you if you have 
> a Received: header that reliably says that the e-mail came from some
> dynamically assigned IP address in some country in far east, 
> no chance to figure out who used it?
> 
> In contrast, every UUCP node knew who it was sharing passwords with.
> 
> Hadmut
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> Asrg@ietf.org
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To: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Do we need to do anything? 
In-Reply-To: Message from Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu> 
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 19:42:57 +0000


Jim Youll said:
> At 18:33 +0000 3/6/03, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> >Tagged addresses, temporary addresses, etc. All work well for a bit. 
> >Until your real email address gets out there.
> >And then you're history. ...
> 
> But if you had a proper client that hid all the work, you could 
> "give" a different e-mail address to every correspondent, and if it 
> leaked out, you need only cancel that one and give that particular 
> correspondent a freshly-generated address, no?

The issue I've had with tagged addresses (which I use BTW in some cases)
is a usability one -- if I subscribe to a list with jm-list@jmason.org,
I have to maintain a mapping between "posting to the foo list" means
"use jm-list@jmason.org for the From address" (since most sensible lists
impose From-addr filtering to avoid spam).

Giving a different e-mail addr to each correspondent breaks down in this
case, since I may be replying to Jim Youll, ccing Matt Sergeant, and the
ARSG list.  Which from addr do I use in this case?  If only the Asrg
list had so far had a tagged address mapping, that would be doable.  But
if all 3 had, it's more difficult; I'd have to tell my software that
Asrg takes priority, use its address, etc.

--j.
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: RMX provides auth for one-hop only (Re: privacy is a feature)
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Adam Back wrote:
> Nodes in the received path can lie with RMX or UUCP, I think this is
> the point.  Ergo RMX only provides authentication when there is one
> hop.

Exactly.  The point-to-point authentication in UUCP provides NO more 
level of authenticity than the peer IP address in a Received line - in 
the one hop you (should be able to) trust - the one into your own machine.

Tracing back a UUCP message to the true origin is exactly the same thing 
as tracing Recieved lines backwards.  Before you can trust the next hop, 
you have to _ask_ the sysadmin to check their logs.  You can frequently 
skip intermediate hops and go to the last one and ask their admin for a 
corresponding record.  But that's the same in UUCP and SMTP.

The only difference is that back in UUCP days, machines tended to be 
multi-user, many orders of magnitude fewer of them, and many orders of 
magnitude less email.

If we were using UUCP technology today (with the necessary scaling 
modifications, such as much higher point-to-point levels, which is 
impractical anyway), we'd have exactly the same problems we're having 
with SMTP in establishing authenticity.

Authenticity has to be end-to-end (eg: signatures) before you can do 
better than SMTP/UUCP can do on their own unless you plan on scaling 
back the Internet by at least 5 orders of magnitude...  I have fond 
recollections of those days (UUCP and Usenet admin since 1982), but we 
don't want to go back there, do we?

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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: william@elan.net
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world
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On Thu, 6 Mar 2003 09:46:16 -0800 (PST)
william@elan.net wrote:

> DNS is specially designed to be tied to IP addresses

uh, no. 

yes reverse DNS can be used to lookup domain names but DNS names are not
"tied" to IP address - the mapping from a DNS name to an IP address is
arbitrary, and so is the reverse mapping, the two don't have to match
or even exists. and anybody with an IP address block can claim that
those addresses are associated with any domain he likes.

IP-to-domain lookup is often meaningless anyway, in many cases returning
what is essentially a text representation of the IP address with some
provider's name appended.

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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org, Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Message-ID: <20030306202149.A4283701@exeter.ac.uk>
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: DNSSEC has it's own deployment problems (Re: Keith, Hadmut bo th right)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 20:21:49 +0000

Phill,

> DNS Cache poisoning etc attacks are actually quite hard to do if you 
> do not know the address of the resolver asking the question. 

And this address is protected how?  It is easy to discover, commonly
advertised (think ISPs), and at best weak security by obscurity.

> If however the attack does turn out to be a problem we fix the
> broken-ness of DNS. A flooding attack is easily deleted with a
> unique request ID cookie, we do not need to even go as far as
> deploying DNSSEC.

The request ID within DNS is 16 bits.  If you propose adding such a
larger cookie to both sender and recipient then you have to deploy
that which is again another problem to solve which adds over all
complexity to problem of deploying a fixed to the SMTP protocol.

> >>b) the sender can choose the TTL on his forged DNS response, making it
> >>last for weeks;
> 
> Sounds like a pretty recognizable signature. 

Incorrect.  There will be a wide variety of TTLs used in the field,
they can legitimately change over time; all the attacker has to do is
choose a plausible looking and long TTL.

> It is in any case a simple matter to limit the TTL that the cache
> recognizes.

Which tends to impacts performance.

> > On top of that DNSSEC presumes a PKI, which as we've seen over the
> > last 5 years is a hard thing to deploy in and of itself.
> 
> Also untrue.

This is a political debate for another list.  Hardly "untrue", at the
very least it's a debatable point, stock prices and recent histories
of PKI bankruptcies could be read to indicate PKI has it's own
technical and economic infrastructure deployment problems.

Anyway my point is more to the overall complexity of a scheme.  An
anti-spam scheme that starts with "step 1 deploy global PKI", I think
is undisputably more complex than a system like hashcash which has no
infrastructure requirements.

Adam
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Subject: Re: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
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Date: 06 Mar 2003 14:42:48 -0600

In <20030306191718.B4198310@exeter.ac.uk> Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org> writes:

> Guess you weren't listening.  This was _all_ said before.

I don't know about Hadmut, but I was listening.  I even reread the web
page about the DNS security problem.  While I'm not convinced that RMX
records or domain specific DNSBLs will dramatically cut down on the
spam problem, I am certainly not convinced that the idea is bogus.


> A) RMX is broken, due to reliance on DNS

Even with the birthday paradox attack, the spammer will have to send
out hundreds of forged DNS packets in order to have a good chance of
getting a bogus entry the target's DNS cache.  This is both very
detectable and it also greatly increases the amount of work that a
spammer has to do.

This is a much more serious problem when a bogus DNS lookup can expose
someone's bank account or other things that could get a huge payoff
from just a single forged DNS entry.  The payoff for the spammer is
almost nothing.  Somehow I don't think that spammers are going to be
the ones that will motivate this DNS security problem to be closed.


> B) (presuming you fix that in some way) if everyone did this then an
> existing functionality -- the ability to send mail from different
> accounts using existing defacto functionality, software and
> infrastructure -- is lost.

Everyone would do this only if everyone didn't want to have their
domain names used indiscriminantly.  Only domain name owners who want
to limit who can send email claiming to be from them would create RMX
records or create a domain specific DNSBL.  Only MTAs that want to
respect domain name owner's wishes would enforce it.

Are you saying that domain name owners should not say who can use
their name and others should not be able to respect that request?


-wayne

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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>, asrg@ietf.org,
        Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Subject: Re: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 20:46:20 +0000

Phil wrote:
> [...] If DNS is broken we can fix it for this application.

That was my request: 

- RMX proposers should demonstrate fixes to it's security problems

- the deployment of any fixes to DNS should be considered part of the
deployment picture for RMX

(Deployment being probably the biggest challenge with any anti-spam
solution.)

Adam
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To: asrg@ietf.org, Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
From: Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 07:46:26 +1100

At 08:58 6/03/03 -0500, Keith Moore wrote:
>I also don't believe in treating one-to-many email differently than one-to-one
>email, because it's the content of the email that the recipient cares about
>rather than the number of recipients.

There are some people that prima facie care about the content, but the 
problem, and what most people care about when you really get down to 
querying them about whether they would find particular spams acceptable, is 
the bulk. Content is just used as a differentiator for reasons of political 
expediency.
--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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On Thu, 6 Mar 2003 11:53:51 -0800
"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:

> If DNS is broken we can fix it for this application.

please note - VeriSign does not control DNS, despite their delusions of
authority.

Keith
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To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 10:35:14 -0800 (PST)

You're taking my words too literally. I did not say its one-one relationship,
in fact, its many-many and for dns->ip we can have multiple ips associated 
with the same dns and multiple dns pointing to the same ip, similarly
ip->dns can have multiple reverse name (rare, but allowed) and multiple 
ips giving the same name.

But what I meant is that either infrastrcture can be used to provide some 
means of authentication (not saying its done now or what is done can be 
trusted) but neither one can be relied by itself. 

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> On Thu, 6 Mar 2003 09:46:16 -0800 (PST)
> william@elan.net wrote:
> 
> > DNS is specially designed to be tied to IP addresses
> 
> uh, no. 
> 
> yes reverse DNS can be used to lookup domain names but DNS names are not
> "tied" to IP address - the mapping from a DNS name to an IP address is
> arbitrary, and so is the reverse mapping, the two don't have to match
> or even exists. and anybody with an IP address block can claim that
> those addresses are associated with any domain he likes.
> 
> IP-to-domain lookup is often meaningless anyway, in many cases returning
> what is essentially a text representation of the IP address with some
> provider's name appended.

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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Do we need to do anything?
Cc: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason), wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 15:28:33 -0500

At 19:42 +0000 3/6/03, Justin Mason wrote:
>The issue I've had with tagged addresses (which I use BTW in some cases)
>is a usability one -- if I subscribe to a list with jm-list@jmason.org,
>I have to maintain a mapping between "posting to the foo list" means
>"use jm-list@jmason.org for the From address" (since most sensible lists
>impose From-addr filtering to avoid spam).
>
>Giving a different e-mail addr to each correspondent breaks down in this
>case, since I may be replying to Jim Youll, ccing Matt Sergeant, and the
>ARSG list.  Which from addr do I use in this case?  If only the Asrg
>list had so far had a tagged address mapping, that would be doable.  But
>if all 3 had, it's more difficult; I'd have to tell my software that
>Asrg takes priority, use its address, etc.

Right. So the obvious "correct" answer in this case, where one address (asrg)
contains the others (jim,matt) the most all-inclusive address is the one
to use.

Your software doesn't know that. However, if the list were putting a
Reply-To on the message (I think it should) then your software would. Absent
that, since joining a confirmed mailing list is a "big" event compared to most
e-mail activity, an enlightened e-mail client/server that could 
generate and maintain
these many addresses would also presumably have the smarts to figure 
out what's up.

At 13:35 -0600 3/6/03, wayne wrote:
>However, I don't think this kind of thing is a good solution.
>Enough spammers continue to spam long after an account has been
>deactivated that systems like sneakemail will experiences an ever
>increasing ratio of spam to valid email.  People will also still have
>to deal with switching email addresses.

Sure, that's a concern. However with spammers now trying to cruise the
entire name-space of domains, it doesn't even matter so much....
from the logs this week, of a domain (name elided) that I host...
	Mar  2 16:10:47 new sendmail[15206]: h22LAlW15206: 
<fred@domain.com>... No such user here
	Mar  2 16:10:47 new sendmail[15206]: h22LAlW15206: 
<tony@domain.com>... No such user here
	Mar  2 16:10:47 new sendmail[15206]: h22LAlW15206: 
<daniel@domain.com>... No such user here
	Mar  2 16:10:47 new sendmail[15206]: h22LAlW15206: 
<lee@domain.com>... No such user here
	Mar  2 16:10:47 new sendmail[15206]: h22LAlW15206: 
<jack@domain.com>... No such user here
	Mar  2 16:10:47 new sendmail[15206]: h22LAlW15206: 
<craig@domain.com>... No such user here
	Mar  2 16:10:47 new sendmail[15206]: h22LAlW15206: 
<sam@domain.com>... No such user here
	Mar  2 16:10:47 new sendmail[15206]: h22LAlW15206: 
<pete@domain.com>... No such user here
	Mar  2 16:10:47 new sendmail[15206]: h22LAlW15206: 
<andy@domain.com>... No such user here

This is not a perfect nor all-encompassing solution. I see it as a 
potentially useful tool for these reasons:
1. Self-help. It does not require a wholesale change to anything 
outside the user's local environment. It can be handled in a client 
with a little help on the server side.
2. Load-reduction... when a user learns that an address has been 
compromised and cancels the old address, the incoming server can kick 
messages at <rcpt to> rather than handling all of it.

The very thought of dealing with unsubs and resubs and updates... not 
pleasant at all, but it's the user's choice, really, and it doesn't 
demand cooperation of anything beyond the local circle of the user 
and his mail server.

IBM did some work on this several years ago, and covered the entire 
subject pretty thoroughly.
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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Declaration to the world
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 15:48:48 -0500

-----Original Message-----
From: william@elan.net [mailto:william@elan.net]
Sent: Thursday, March 06, 2003 12:46 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world

---- I don't see it as a huge problem. If your DNS is broken... fix it. Our
implementation works somewhat this way now. If their DNS is broken or there
is something wrong with the record, we queue the mail and do not deliver it.
We will check for about 24hrs to see if it is eventually fixed, but after
that, an error message is sent and the email is deleted. If there is a
complaint, my response is "Fix your DNS". Designing around an issue is not
the way to go. Design it to the RFC's and make it work accordingly. This
would increase the pressure to fix the issues. Not only that, we are talking
about a minority, not the majority.
 If everyone starts driving at 10mph, fatalities on the freeway will become
almost non-existent and if we cover the earth in feather pillows, nobody
will die in plane crashes. Is that the way that we want to go about
designing this solution? If it doesn't work, fix it- Don't design around it.



 Here is a quote from another thread:

"I am the Principal Scientist of VeriSign, a company that manages DNS and
PKI infrastructure on a very large scale. Hadmut has made a number of well
thought out contributions to the debate. -If DNS is broken we can fix it for
this application."

- Phillip Hallam-Baker


 Can we drop the broken DNS debate?

Regards,
Damon

DNS is specially designed to be tied to IP addresses and so are ip addresses

to DNS (reverse dns which is in fact used by some mailers to establish 
identity). It seems to me we can not rely on just ip address or just domain
but both can be used with possibly additional means of authentication when 
one or the other changes. Big problem is how to provide distributed 
authentication if it must be independent of either ip addresses or domain
names.

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> subject to relataively few constraints, you own 'danisch.de' for as long
as
> you renew it.  most users do not own their IP addresses.  in order for
routing
> to scale (at least with current routing protocols), it is necessary that
> networks be renumbered from time to time.  so we do not want to encourage
> tight binding of IP addresses to domain names even for those cases where
it might
> work, for now.  also, source addresses can sometimes be forged, so we
don't
> want to rely on them as authentiation tokens.
> 
> Keith
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Keith Moore'" <moore@cs.utk.edu>,
        "Hallam-Baker, Phillip"
	 <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: adam@cypherspace.org, hadmut@danisch.de, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 12:52:44 -0800

Keith,

I do not find language such as 'delusions of authority' to be very helpful
in a technical discussion. Please note the recent posting to the DNS list on
this type of behavior from the IETF chair and attempt to engage in this
debate in a civilized manner.

I was refering to the Working Group. As you know, individual submissions and
all that. I had actually just sent off a note to Paul Vixie to ask about the
behavior of BIND. The issue is not in any case one that can be addressed
through the delegation only DNS zones.

The spam application assumes that action is taken by both the sending and
recieving party wrt DNS. So if part of the deployment requirement for a DNS
based authentication scheme is an upgrade of BIND that is not a problem.

The problem can be fixed without the need for DNSSEC. It just requires a
simple nonce reflection scheme to be added to the DNS protocol. This would
be quite easy to add. You add in a dummy record type which is always
responded to and always contains the exact same data as was present in the
original query.

	Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Keith Moore [mailto:moore@cs.utk.edu]
> Sent: Thursday, March 06, 2003 3:23 PM
> To: Hallam-Baker, Phillip
> Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu; adam@cypherspace.org; hadmut@danisch.de;
> asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to 
> the world)
> 
> 
> On Thu, 6 Mar 2003 11:53:51 -0800
> "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:
> 
> > If DNS is broken we can fix it for this application.
> 
> please note - VeriSign does not control DNS, despite their 
> delusions of
> authority.
> 
> Keith
> 
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: DNSSEC has it's own deployment problems (Re: Keith,
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Adam Back wrote:
>>>On top of that DNSSEC presumes a PKI, which as we've seen over the
>>>last 5 years is a hard thing to deploy in and of itself.

>>Also untrue.

> This is a political debate for another list.  Hardly "untrue", at the
> very least it's a debatable point, stock prices and recent histories
> of PKI bankruptcies could be read to indicate PKI has it's own
> technical and economic infrastructure deployment problems.

Heh.  PKI (at least how it's embodied in current tools etc) is 
tremendously complicated, somewhat non-interoperable amongst vendors 
(though that's finally improving), and it's very difficult to deploy/use 
client PKI in the large-scale even with relatively uniform 
installed-base software on the user-end. We have the bloody fingers to 
prove it.

PKI is coming, but it's not mature enough yet. Security Dynamics, 
Versign's parent (or grandparent or something, I've lost track), has 
advertising videos where some of their other customers are saying the 
same thing.  Dow Chemical IT said in 1999 or 2000 "We'll start getting 
serious about client PKI in 2004". I think they were a trifle too 
optimistic.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX provides auth for one-hop only (Re: privacy is a feature)
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Date: 06 Mar 2003 15:01:47 -0600

In <20030306193937.D4198310@exeter.ac.uk> Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org> writes:

> Nodes in the received path can lie with RMX or UUCP, I think this is
> the point.  Ergo RMX only provides authentication when there is one
> hop.

Good point.

But, as long as you can verify the one "important" hop, the RMX thing
can still do it's job.

Barring hacked machines, all hops on the senders internal network can
be trusted, and all hops on the receivers internal network (and
secondary MXs and such) can be trusted.  The important hop is from the
sender's control to the receiver's control.

If there are any other hops between the sender and the receiver, then
there is a problem.  Either the sender is sending it to someplace that
it should have authorized to forward its mail, or the receiver is
receiving email that from a server they trust and the RMX check should
have been done sooner.

Or, am I missing something?


-wayne

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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: "'Rod Gilchrist'" <rod@borderware.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: Patents (was Re: [Asrg] Time for the ISPs to fight back!)
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Rod Gilchrist wrote:
> In patents claim 1 is the most general of 
> all the claims.
	Although it is often the case that the first claim is the most
general, this is not a requirement. Claims come in two types: Dependent
and Independent. The dependent claims rely on earlier claims, the
Independent claims do not.
	The specific patent being discussed, USPatent #6321267, has more
than one independent claim. They are: 1, 29, 33,46, 52, 55, 60, and 64.
There is no requirement that claim 1 be more general than any of the
others. Even is such a requirement existed, it would be largely
meaningless since "generality" is something that can't be measured in an
absolute sense. The "generality" of a claim can only become apparent
once the patent is actually applied. 
	It should also be noted that even if an independent claim is
found to be improperly granted, a dependent claim based on the
invalidated claim can still be held to be valid. Proving that the
independent claims are invalid is usually very useful, however, it isn't
sufficient to eliminate the entire patent. Things are not that simple...

		bob wyman

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Rod
Gilchrist
Sent: Thursday, March 06, 2003 12:10 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Patents (was Re: [Asrg] Time for the ISPs to fight back!)


David F. Skoll wrote:

>On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Clifton Royston wrote:
>
>  
>
>>  People might want to look at the recently-implemented Postfix sender

>>verification feature in current snapshot releases.
>>    
>>
>
>This technique is patented and assigned to ESCOM Corporation, in US 
>Patent #6,321,267 (see the section "Active User Testing")
>
>The patent was filed 23 November 1999; if you think you have prior art,

>I encourage you to publish it.
>  
>

I don't think this patent is particularly relevent.

I've attached claim 1 below. In patents claim 1 is the most general of 
all the claims.
In order to violate this patent you must have all three of the described

filters (and I suspect,
given the phrasing, exactly these three and no more).

More normal language would refer to 'a plurality of filters including 
but not limited to
the following'.

So if you just leave out the dial up reverse connection detection (which

probably isn't
relevent any more in any case) you aren't violating this patent IMO.

- Rod



1. A system for detecting and selectively preventing reception of an 
electronic message to a local message transfer agent (MTA), the 
electronic message having an address identifying a sender and 
transferred over a connection from a remote host, the system comprising:

a dialup filter determining whether the connection is a dialup 
connection and, if the connection is a dialup connection, terminating 
the connection;

a relay filter determining whether the remote host is an open relay and,

if the remote host is an open relay, terminating the connection; and,

a user filter verifying whether the sender of the electronic message is 
authorized and, if the sender of the electronic message is not 
authorized, terminating the connection;

wherein, said system establishes communication over the connection 
between said remote host and the local MTA if said system determines 
that the connection is not a dialup connection, said relay filter 
determines that the remote host is not an open relay and said user 
filter verifies the sender as authorized.


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Subject: Re: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
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wayne wrote:
>>A) RMX is broken, due to reliance on DNS

> Even with the birthday paradox attack, the spammer will have to send
> out hundreds of forged DNS packets in order to have a good chance of
> getting a bogus entry the target's DNS cache.  This is both very
> detectable and it also greatly increases the amount of work that a
> spammer has to do.

I've not been following this in great detail, but I'd like to comment on 
this point.  It's worse than that.  It has to trick every recipient.

It's rather like true IP spoofing.  In some circumstances, it is indeed 
possible to spoof IPs.  But since it requires flooding the MTA for each 
  connection with thousands of packets, it becomes totally impractical 
if you're trying to spam more than a handful of recipients (even if 
you're on the same network interface as AOL's MTAs).

So, I don't think attacks on the DNS protocol are compelling. 
Subverting a DNS server is an entirely different thing.

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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 13:09:15 -0800 (PST)

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Clayton, Nik [IT] wrote:

> As soon as these [Bayes, et al] become widely deployed, and the
> majority of recipients have filters that are so customised that it's
> nigh-on-impossible for a spammer to guarantee that their e-mail will
> get through, doesn't spamming then become so uneconomical as to die
> out?
> 
> I realise that this could be seen as being slightly optimistic, ...

Long-term, you may be right... I just don't want to wait that long.  

I suspect that spam is already uneconomical, unless you're a professional
spamming services provider (SSP).  The SSP's revenue does not depend on
the ability of spam to get through, it depends on the SSP's ability to
make greedy scam artists *think* that spam gets through.  

As long as spam makes up, say, 1% of the messages that people see, the
SSPs will tell their clients that they can get *their* messages through.
The latter are eager to believe that they can get rich quick, so they
probably won't be difficult to convince.

I think it will be a very long time before the filtering arms race alone
results in spam levels low enough to make con artists believe that their
messages won't get through.

-- 

Nate Waddoups
Redmond WA USA
http://www.natew.com



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        "Hallam-Baker, Phillip"
	 <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 13:06:56 -0800

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Adam,

Paul kindly forwarded me a copy of his paper he sent out last year 
which addresses the issue you raise.

The security hole can be eliminated with a simple nonce scheme, see
my earlier post.

	Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Adam Back [mailto:adam@cypherspace.org]
> Sent: Thursday, March 06, 2003 3:46 PM
> To: Hallam-Baker, Phillip
> Cc: Hadmut Danisch; asrg@ietf.org; Adam Back
> Subject: Re: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to 
> the world)
> 
> 
> Phil wrote:
> > [...] If DNS is broken we can fix it for this application.
> 
> That was my request: 
> 
> - RMX proposers should demonstrate fixes to it's security problems
> 
> - the deployment of any fixes to DNS should be considered part of the
> deployment picture for RMX
> 
> (Deployment being probably the biggest challenge with any anti-spam
> solution.)
> 
> Adam
> 


------_=_NextPart_000_01C2E424.51E7DA60
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   Independent                                            Paul Vixie =
(Ed.)
   Request for Comments: XXXX Category: Experimental
   June 6, 2002

                            Repudiating MAIL FROM

   Status of this Memo

      This memo describes an experimental procedure for handling =
received
      e-mail.  It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.
      Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

   Copyright Notice

      Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.

   Abstract

      At the time of this writing, more than half of all e-mail =
received by
      the author has a forged return address, due to the total absence =
of
      address authentication in SMTP (see [RFC2821]).  We present a =
simple
      and backward compatible method whereby cooperating e-mail senders =
and
      receivers can detect forged source/return addresses in e-mail.

   1 - Introduction and Overview

   1.1. Internet e-mail return addresses are nonrepudiable by design of =
the
   relevant transport protocols (see [RFC2821]).  Simply put, there is =
no
   cause for ANY confidence in the proposition "this e-mail came from =
where
   it says it came from."

   1.2. Irresponsible actors who wish to transmit unwanted bulk e-mail
   routinely use this designed-in lack of source/return authenticity to
   hide their point of origin, which usually involves forging a valid
   return address belonging to some highly visible and popular ISP (for
   example, HOTMAIL.COM).

   1.3. Recipients who wish to reject unwanted bulk e-mail containing
   forged source/return addresses are prevented from doing so since the
   addresses, as presented, are nonrepudiable by design.  Simply put, =
there
   would be too many false positives, and too much valid e-mail =
rejected,
   if one were to program an e-mail relay to "reject all e-mail =
claiming to
   be from HOTMAIL.COM" since, statistically, most e-mail claiming to =
be
   from HOTMAIL.COM is actually from somewhere else.  HOTMAIL.COM, in =
this
   example, is a victim of forgery.



   Vixie                         Experimental                      =
[Page 1]
=0C
   RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, =
2002


   1.4. What's needed is a way to guaranty that each received e-mail
   message did in fact come from some mail server or relay which can
   rightfully originate or relay messages from the purported =
source/return
   address.

   1.5. Approaches of the form "use PGP" and "use SSL" are not scalable =
in
   the short term since they depend on end-to-end action and there are =
just
   too many endpoints.  An effective solution has to be applicable to =
mail
   relay, not just final delivery.

   1.6. Valid ("wanted") e-mail must not be rejected by side effect or
   partial adoption of this proposal.  Source/return authenticity must =
be a
   confidence effector, as in "we can be sure that this did not come =
from
   where it claims" and simple uncertainty must remain in effect =
otherwise.

   2 - Behaviour

   2.1. Domain owners who wish their mail source/return information to =
be
   repudiable will enter stylized MX RR's into their DNS data, whose =
owner
   name is "MAIL-FROM", whose priority is zero, and whose servername
   registers an outbound (border) relay for the domain.  For example, =
to
   tell the rest of the Internet who they should believe when they =
receive
   mail claiming to be from VIXIE@ISC.ORG, the following DNS MX RR's =
should
   be entered:

      $ORIGIN isc.org.
      MAIL-FROM MX 0 rc
                MX 0 rc1

   In this example, hosts RC.ISC.ORG, and RC1.ISC.ORG are given as
   appropriate places to originate mail from @ISC.ORG.  Note that this
   differs from the normal inbound MX RRset for this example domain:

      $ORIGIN isc.org.
      @         MX 0 rc
                MX 0 isrv4

   So, the inbound mail server set partially overlaps with, but differs
   from, the example outbound mail server set.  This is quite common in =
the
   Internet, and is the reason why the normal inbound mail server set
   described by a domain's apex MX RRset cannot be used for repudiation
   purposes.






   Vixie                         Experimental                      =
[Page 2]
=0C
   RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, =
2002


   2.2. Second-stage relays such as ISP mail servers are often used and =
can
   be described by adding as many relays as necessary to the MAIL-FROM =
MX
   RRset.  In our example, if ISC sometimes used UUNET for outbound =
mail
   services, the DNS data describing this relationship might be as =
follows:

      $ORIGIN isc.org.
      MAIL-FROM MX 0 rc
                MX 0 rc1
                MX 0 uunet.uu.net.

   Let it be noted that a domain owner's power to repudiate forged =
e-mail
   is only as strong as the security policy of its registered inbound =
and
   outbound mail relays, and that if such a relay is (for example) open =
to
   third party relay, then no value will be added by registering a =
domain
   MAIL-FROM MX containing that relay, and no inbound MAIL-FROM =
checking
   will be possible on final delivery relays for a domain @ MX =
containing
   that relay.  Multistage relays (both inbound and outbound) are a
   breeding ground for anonymity unless they are very carefully =
configured.

   2.3. SMTP receivers wishing to attempt repudiation on inbound e-mail
   would check the SMTP (see [RFC2821]) MAIL FROM payload at the time =
of
   receipt.  The precise method to be used is as follows:


























   Vixie                         Experimental                      =
[Page 3]
=0C
   RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, =
2002


      on (MAIL FROM mailfrom) {
           switch (repudiated(mailfrom, ipsource))
           case tempfail:
                smtpreply(450, "temporary dns failure, try again =
later")
                break
           case repudiated:
                smtpreply(550, "surely you're joking")
                dsn("5.7.1", "delivery not authorized")
                invalidate()   // reject all but QUIT and RSET
                break
           }
      }

      repudiated(mailfrom, ipsource) =3D {
           (lhs, rhs) =3D parse_addr(mailfrom);
           // handle "MAIL FROM:<>" somehow
           mxset =3D get_mx("MAIL-FROM" "." rhs);
           if (mxset =3D=3D NULL)
                return nonrepudiated;
           mxset +=3D configured(perimeter_relays);
           foreach mx (mxset) {
                aset =3D get_a(mx.server);
                if (ipsource IN aset)
                     return nonrepudiated;
           }
           return repudiated;
      }

   (EDITOR'S NOTE: need to establish a value for 5xx.)

   The method amounts to "if there's a MAIL-FROM for the purported =
domain
   and if the IP source isn't on the resulting list, then reject the =
mail".
   Multistage inbound relays are allowed for, by implicitly appending =
one's
   own outer perimeter relay names to every extant MAIL-FROM.

   3 - Impact

   3.1. This specification is optional, and will only affect =
cooperating
   parties.  Any domain owner who does not enter a MAIL-FROM will be
   unaffected, and any SMTP receiver who does not look for a MAIL-FROM =
at
   time of receipt will be unaffected.  However, both parties working
   together CAN work to repudiate forged e-mail return/source =
information.

   3.2. Transport-level e-mail forwarding must be more explicit under =
this
   specification.  For example if VIXIE@NETBSD.ORG's account has a



   Vixie                         Experimental                      =
[Page 4]
=0C
   RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, =
2002


   ".forward" file pointing at VIXIE@ISC.ORG, then e-mail sent to the
   former will be received by the latter, but with no change in the =
payload
   of SMTP MAIL FROM.  Thus, ISC's inbound relays would have to be
   configured to implicitly add NETBSD's outbound mail relays as
   "multistage inbound relays."  This could scale poorly and may add
   pressure toward transport remailing (with a new envelope) rather =
than
   transport forwarding (reusing the old envelope.)

   3.3. Roaming hosts such as laptop computers will probably not be =
able to
   be listed in the MAIL-FROM MX RR for their return address domain =
name,
   and may be forced to use an intermediary for outbound e-mail.  =
STARTTLS
   or an SSL/SSH tunnel back "home" may become a necessary first hop =
for
   mobile e-mail.

   3.4. The likely endgame for this behaviour is to force senders of
   unwanted bulk e-mail to stop lying about who they are, which is =
illegal
   in meatspace anyway -- but such laws are unenforceable due to the =
nature
   of the Internet's mail system.  Under this proposal, any domain =
owner
   who is the victim of forgery can respond by adding MAIL-FROM data to
   their DNS zone, and any relay owner who is the victim of forged =
unwanted
   e-mail can respond by checking for MAIL-FROM data upon receipt of =
all
   incoming e-mail.

   3.5. The DNS TTL for MAIL-FROM MX RRsets ought to be shorter than =
for
   the corresponding domain's apex MX RR, since the cost of widely =
cached
   wrong information is much higher for outbound repudiation data than =
for
   inbound delivery data.  Consider that an incomplete apex MX RR can =
cause
   mail to be delivered by a suboptimal path, whereas an incomplete =
MAIL-
   FROM MX RR can cause valid mail to be rejected by relays who attempt
   repudiation.

   4 - Security Considerations

   In the continuing absence of widely deployed security for DNS, this
   proposal effectively places an access control list for forged
   source/return information in a place where it can be attacked.  =
However,
   it must be noted that the current senders of forged unwanted bulk =
e-mail
   are typically not technologically capable of attacking the DNS to =
insert
   forged MAIL-FROM data.

   5 - Acknowledgements

   This idea originated with Jim Miller <jmiller@jcmco.com> in 1998.





   Vixie                         Experimental                      =
[Page 5]
=0C
   RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, =
2002


   5 - Author's Address

   Paul Vixie
      950 Charter Street
      Redwood City, CA 94063
      +1 650 779 7000
      paul@vix.com









































   Vixie                         Experimental                      =
[Page 6]
=0C
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cc: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Do we need to do anything?
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 21:20:42 +0000 (GMT)

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, David F. Skoll wrote:

> Web pages for contact info generate ephemeral addresses when they're
> rendered.
> 
> When you print business cards, the printer uses a different ephemeral
> address on each card.  (OK, this last is a hassle, but not insurmountable.)
> 
> There are a lot of silly implementation and book-keeping details, but
> no fundamental reasons why this wouldn't work.

What about address books? And people who give other people your address?

I see *lots* of fundamental reasons why this wouldn't work.

Part of the puzzle, yes. "The" solution, no.

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Cc: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 22:06:20 +0100

On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 08:46:20PM +0000, Adam Back wrote:
> Phil wrote:
> > [...] If DNS is broken we can fix it for this application.
> 
> That was my request: 
> 
> - RMX proposers should demonstrate fixes to it's security problems
> 
> - the deployment of any fixes to DNS should be considered part of the
> deployment picture for RMX



You've overseen a little detail:

This is a four days old research group.


The intention of that group is to find the possible principles, 
not to have a finished apparatus ready for deployment. We're at the
beginning of development, not at the end. 

What you're doing has nothing to do with "research". You're acting
up as if you were the final judge. You're flaming, not contributing. 
Everything I heard from you was contraproductive and jealous. 

The conclusion is that you're not here to bring that group forward, 
but to block any progress. This raises the question which interests 
you have.

Hadmut



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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>, wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>,
        asrg@ietf.org, Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world
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References: <x4zno8jyoh.fsf@footbone.midwestcs.com> <568AC922-4FF1-11D7-9DB3-0003939CB5D8@startechgroup.co.uk> <20030306171221.GC12473@danisch.de>
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 19:43:20 +0000

We are here to find ways to reduce spam _preferably_ without breaking
big swathes of functionality, privacy and reliability.

There is plenty of room within these criteria.  That your schemes fair
badly does not mean we should take your "let's break everything to fix
spam" approach, it means that your schemes are bad candidates.  

Learn, adapt your solutions.

Adam

On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 06:12:21PM +0100, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 04:33:18PM +0000, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> > Because they mean people who like the way they do things right now have 
> > to change that, or RMX won't work for those people. Unfortunately those 
> > people aren't mom and pop, they are techies.
> 
> As a consequence, we never could change anything, because you
> alway find a couple of people who like the way it is. What are
> we here for?
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] RE: DNSSEC has it's own deployment problems (Re: Keith, Hadmut bo
 th right)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 11:43:17 -0800


> On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 04:50:18AM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> > The widespread DNS spoofing scenarios proposed are theoretical not
> > practical. 
> 
> Probably you missed the earlier post with a pointer to a paper on DNS
> attacks:

No I saw the post. I believe it is plain wrong.

DNS Cache poisoning etc attacks are actually quite hard to do if you 
do not know the address of the resolver asking the question. To take your
assertions by case:

>>a) the sender knows when the SMTP server will make the DNS request (he
>>just injected the mail) so he can send a flurry of DNS UDP response
>>packets to arrive before the real response;

This attack does not work if the SMTP server pushes the DNS request onto 
a caching resolver on a separate IP address.

If however the attack does turn out to be a problem we fix the broken-ness
of DNS. A flooding attack is easily deleted with a unique request ID
cookie, we do not need to even go as far as deploying DNSSEC.

>>b) the sender can choose the TTL on his forged DNS response, making it
>>last for weeks;

Sounds like a pretty recognizable signature. It is in any case a simple
matter to limit the TTL that the cache recognizes.

>>c) during this time he can spam at full volume.

The three cases you specify are actually the same case repeated.


> and a description of the way that RMX proposal interacts badly to make
> DNS even more vulnerable in the context of RMX.

RMX is a weak authentcation proposal. I believe in public key based
approaches.


> However there is no upgrade path to installing DNSSEC as a way to
> fixing the problem, because DNSSEC has a version rollback attack.  An
> attacker can trick a DNSSEC client into thinking the DNSSEC server is
> just a DNS server.  Even worse it's the same pattern of attack that
> makes RMX vulnerable to DNS attacks.

No it does not. The NXT record is there to prevent rollback attacks.

The problem with DNS is that there are people who don't want the 
protocol to be deployable in the large zones and have done everything 
they can to stop this from happening.


> To fix it you'd have to fully deploy DNSSEC and _disable_ DNS.  This
> is likely a problem as hard as fixing spam, as it's of similar order
> to replacing SMTP as a protocol with a cut-off date.

Untrue

> On top of that DNSSEC presumes a PKI, which as we've seen over the
> last 5 years is a hard thing to deploy in and of itself.

Also untrue.


		Phill
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To: matthew richards <matt@larkinam.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] email classes! (and i dont mean email 101)
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> i cant imagine an individual sending more than 24 emails in a day, 

you must not have followed many IETF mailing lists :)

Keith
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Barclay, Robert wrote:

> Whether or not bulk email is treated differently than one to one 
> communication (and I think at least in transport it should not be) the 
> end goal should be for end users to have control over what email gets 
> into their In boxes right?

Right.  But, you're (a) conflating where the technology is placed (MTA 
versus MUA) with it being a user choice, and (b) ignoring fundamental 
differences between classes of "provider".

In (a), consider user choice implemented in the MTA, not the MUA.  Yes, 
the technology already exists to do that. It's highly beneficial - 
reduction of user bandwidth (think user on dialup line). Necessitating 
not only that scoring/marking/whatever goes on in the MTA, the refusal 
itself is done in the MTA.

In (b), consider us.  We're a corporation, not an ISP.  Corporate policy 
not only prohibits certain materials, but the law also forces us to 
block certain kinds of materials (specifically, workplace sexual 
harrassment legislation).  While the latter isn't spam per-se, it still 
is done using anti-spam techniques at the MTA level to prevent innocent 
end users getting bombarded by stuff they didn't ask for (which is what 
spam is).  [If non-spammed porn gets through to the end user, then it's 
an HR issue...]



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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 11:50:23 -0800 (PST)

On 6 Mar 2003, Mark Delany wrote:

> In short, we need to give Inbox control back to the recipient. In that
> light I guess that "consent" means something like "I consent to your
> mail showing up in my Inbox and if I choose otherwise, you cannot
> override my lack of consent". Or crudely, "My Inbox, my rules".
> 
> That to me is the high level goal. Return control to the user.

The simplest way to do that is with a whitelist.  Of course, that by
itself really reduces the usefulness of an email account.

The ideal system (IMO) will also provide a way to delegate the granting of
consent.  The user should not have to manually grant or reject requests
for consent, or we're right back to square one, with spam in the form of
requests for permission.

Whether it's delegating to software (s/delegation/automation/) or
delegating to trusted friends (a la the PGP web of trust), I think there's
got to be a way to remove from the recipient the burden of personally
reviewing requests for consent.

-- 

Nate Waddoups
Redmond WA USA
http://www.natew.com


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To: "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 15:30:51 -0500

At 6:00 PM +0000 3/6/03, Tom Thomson wrote:
>No, it isn't the situation we have now.  It's closer to the situation we had
>a while back, but the spammers have got a lot cleverer since.  Injecting a
>few "Received-From:" headers at source, complete with IP addresses and
>domain name that corresponded to that IP at the time the message was
>delivered to that MTA, means that when the message is delivered there is no

I agree that signed Received headers would make life easier, but I 
think there are other signed things we could better focus on. 
However I have yet to see a set of injected Received: headers that 
could not be programmatically determined to be fake.  If you have any 
such messages (seriously), I'd like to see them.

>Received-From trail? That's what makes me favour blacklists once we have
>reliable authentication of point of origin, but only when we have that
>reliable authentication (and have a pile of complaints not dealt with).

As I think has been said on this list, and certainly elsewhere. 
Blacklists are worth what you pay for them.  And those that charge, 
get sued.

I also seriously worry about what would happen if some country 
decides not to uphold the standards we are proposing and gets 
blacklisted.  Does it become a diplomatic affair?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 15:36:35 -0500

At 1:10 PM -0500 3/6/03, David F. Skoll wrote:
>Hmm.  OK.  Scratch that one. :-( Although you might be able to tell by
>the message contents if you delay the rejection.  A DSN (what happens

Not necessarily.  I've seen spam (and viruses) forged to look like a bounce.

On the bright side, it's my experience that many non-technical useres 
delete bounces thinking they are spam anyway.  :-(
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 15:50:21 -0500

At 1:59 PM -0500 3/6/03, Jim Youll wrote:
>But if you had a proper client that hid all the work, you could 
>"give" a different e-mail address to every correspondent, and if it 
>leaked out, you need only cancel that one and give that particular 
>correspondent a freshly-generated address, no?

Read the thread on striker's spam problem.  Hundreds of thousands of 
messages a day, all bouncing due to a dictionary attack gone wrong.

Now consider what happens if everyone has hundreds of temporary 
addresses that can get into spammers hands.  Sure, you cancel it, but 
that doesn't mean the spammer stops sending.  You've made your life 
more complicated, and you've made your ISPs life hell.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 1:59 PM -0500 3/6/03, Jim Youll wrote:

>> But if you had a proper client that hid all the work, you could "give" 
>> a different e-mail address to every correspondent, and if it leaked 
>> out, you need only cancel that one and give that particular 
>> correspondent a freshly-generated address, no?

> Read the thread on striker's spam problem.  Hundreds of thousands of 
> messages a day, all bouncing due to a dictionary attack gone wrong.

We think.

> Now consider what happens if everyone has hundreds of temporary 
> addresses that can get into spammers hands.  Sure, you cancel it, but 
> that doesn't mean the spammer stops sending.  You've made your life more 
> complicated, and you've made your ISPs life hell.

Yeah - to reiterate a comment that may have been lost: even tho Allan is 
on "high speed", he can no longer afford to even just reject connections 
at the TCP/IP layer. IIRC, he quoted something like 330Mb of NACKs per 
_day_.  Yow.

We can afford to handle a spamtrap like that because we're on a mondo 
humunguous pipe.  But if the cron job deleting the email stalls for more 
than an hour, the 9Gb disk fills up and the machine falls over...  I 
can't even imagine AOL's 3 orders of magnitude larger spam catch must be 
like...  ~5Tb of data per hour.  That's more than the total US backbone 
flow of only a few years ago.

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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 12:05:56 -0800 (PST)

From the point of ISP, email addresses that are just wrong and where you 
can tell the MTA to be off immediatly almost after the start of SMTP 
tranmission, are not a big deal. Yes, it does consume some processing time 
on the server, but its marginally very small compared to actually 
receiving entire message, storing it on the serer, sending it through 
filters, delivering it to mailbox, etc (logs do grow, unfortunetly, but 
hard drive space is now inexpensive and cdburners and blank cds too).
Now the above is generally applicable to small ISP, large ISPs with 
many 100,000 of email accounts may not see it this way...

But from "make spammer suffer" view - if spammer has to do 100 failed 
attempts to get 1 successfull one and even there he does not know if 
email will ever reach a recepient or if it may just go through alarm 
making it harder for him to send even more messages, then its all working 
in our favor.

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> At 1:59 PM -0500 3/6/03, Jim Youll wrote:
> >But if you had a proper client that hid all the work, you could 
> >"give" a different e-mail address to every correspondent, and if it 
> >leaked out, you need only cancel that one and give that particular 
> >correspondent a freshly-generated address, no?
> 
> Read the thread on striker's spam problem.  Hundreds of thousands of 
> messages a day, all bouncing due to a dictionary attack gone wrong.
> 
> Now consider what happens if everyone has hundreds of temporary 
> addresses that can get into spammers hands.  Sure, you cancel it, but 
> that doesn't mean the spammer stops sending.  You've made your life 
> more complicated, and you've made your ISPs life hell.
> 

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Subject: RE: Patents (was Re: [Asrg] Time for the ISPs to fight back!)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 14:00:49 -0800

How about asking the patent holder what their intentions are?

I have had enough patents filed by others on my stuff that the existence of
the patent does not indicate intent to enforce. So if you want to use my
patent on the number zero ask my employer, you may be plesantly surprised*.

		Phill

[*] The number 46 on the other hand might well cost you.
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Subject: Re: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
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	<20030306191718.B4198310@exeter.ac.uk>
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Date: 06 Mar 2003 16:05:38 -0600

In <20030306191718.B4198310@exeter.ac.uk> Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org> writes:

> B) if everyone did this then an
> existing functionality -- the ability to send mail from different
> accounts using existing defacto functionality, software and
> infrastructure -- is lost.


Oh, one other thing about RMX or domain specific blacklists.  While it
is really out of the charter of this group, such a system would also
help reduce email worms that forge email addresses.


-wayne



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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, pbaker@verisign.com, adam@cypherspace.org,
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> I do not find language such as 'delusions of authority' to be very helpful
> in a technical discussion. 

hey, you're the one who said "I work for VeriSign" and then "we can fix DNS".

sorry if I misunderstood you.  but it wouldn't be the first time VeriSign
pretended as if it owned DNS.

Keith
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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Do we need to do anything?
Cc: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>,
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 17:18:48 -0500

At 15:50 -0500 3/6/03, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>At 1:59 PM -0500 3/6/03, Jim Youll wrote:
>>But if you had a proper client that hid all the work, you could 
>>"give" a different e-mail address to every correspondent, and if it 
>>leaked out, you need only cancel that one and give that particular 
>>correspondent a freshly-generated address, no?
>
>Read the thread on striker's spam problem.  Hundreds of thousands of 
>messages a day, all bouncing due to a dictionary attack gone wrong.
>
>Now consider what happens if everyone has hundreds of temporary 
>addresses that can get into spammers hands.  Sure, you cancel it, 
>but that doesn't mean the spammer stops sending.  You've made your 
>life more complicated, and you've made your ISPs life hell.
>-


Did you happen to see the rest of my note with the snip from our log?
Spammers are basically doing dictionary attacks on domains now, 
desperation, yes, but nonetheless...

As a server operator for several domains, I don't know that life 
would be made "hell" by it. Spammers can send a finite number of 
messages, there IS a point of economic breakdown. As things stand now 
it seems to matter little whether the addresses exist or not.

Finally, if the same care is taken with these addresses as with the 
addresses we use now (I think I must be reachable by at least 15-30 
addresses right now), then the rate of turnover need not be 
excruciatingly high... further, a 1:1 mapping that allows tracking of 
a leaked address to its source introduces the possibility of 
enforcement of all manner of penalties against the transgressor... so 
I don't think this approach would lead to an explosion of inbound 
spam, not at all.

I also did not say  that it should be the only, or preferred, or even 
utilized-by-everyone approach, simply that the matter of self-help in 
the face of unhelpful global protocols and practices, should be given 
its due... and I attempted to answer a couple of points that 
discussed problems with the approach that seem from this perspective 
not to be problems.
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 14:29:29 -0800 (PST)



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> The burden is rightly on the owners of the open relays, not on
> their victims.

No. The owners of the open relays are also victims. The guilty parties
are the spammers.

If I leave my house unlocked, and someone walks in and takes something
of mine, that person is guilty of theft. (However, because it was
unlocked, my insurance company -- by private contractual agreement --
may not be willing to pay.) It should not be necessary for me to spend
money or time to protect my possessions. The trend in computer-related
law is also in this direction: being charged with theft-of-service does
not require that a perpetrator breach some barrier, only that he or she
have used computer resources without permission.

There is a shovel in my yard, not locked up. If a person takes my shovel
without my permission, and uses it to kill another person, am I guilty?
I think not.

Perhaps the open relays operators are negligent (or lazy or whatever),
but the theft is being committed by the spammers.

The problem occurs because the current system is inadequate to make the
spammers liable in any practical sense for their actions. Although there
may be exceptions, it is usually infeasible to pursue them either by
civil or by criminal action. Part of the problem is technical -- which
we are considering -- and part is legal, which is beyond our charter.

If we can facilitate the prosecution of spammers for their crimes, then
perhaps it will not be necessary to make it a civil or criminal offense
to leave our electronic doors unlocked.

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Problems that make the RMX proposal infeasible
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From: "Jonathan Wilkins" <jwilkins@microsoft.com>
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-----Original Message-----
>From: Postmaster [mailto:Postmaster@bellsouth.com] 
>Subject: [Asrg] Problems that make the RMX proposal infeasible
>
>--- Why can't the record just contain the IP range "owned" by the
domains
>authorized mail servers?

>I realize the a spammer can use a valid domain with a valid RMX and
this
>would not cause a rejection, but at this point I can either put
pressure on
>the ISP of that domain and/or block the IP altogether.
The point is that you _CAN'T_ put the pressure on anyone, since the RMX
authenticator is spoofed.

You can blacklist the IP, but that is no better than the status quo.

> In either case, I now don't have to worry about someone claiming to be
from
>Yahoo and actually from a Chinese relay server.
> I am not adverse to a "solve-all" solution, but I truly don't think it
>exists and if it does, it would be just too radical to implement all at
>once.
Provided that you've done a recent lookup on yahoo.com and it is still
in your cache.  BTW, yahoo.com has a TTL of 600 seconds.  

What is it that you think RMX is buying you?

> I think that RMX and pure ISP administrative changes like credit card
>flags, closing port 25, and billing commercial mailers would put a huge
dent
>in the amount of spam received.

> What would be required to make it work?
>In a perfect world where everything worked as it is supposed to... How
would
>this be implemented?
If we could eliminate all people who do bad things, then any protocol
will
work just fine.  Since this is not possible today, so we have to use
protocols
that are resistant to attack.  Why waste effort implementing a system
that
is fundamentally flawed?


		Jonathan

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Let's try something different
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 14:49:04 -0800 (PST)

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Jed Margolin wrote:

> I propose:
> 
> 1. Sender's email is stored on Sender's server. Recipient is sent a message
> with a unique link to the message and a maximum Subject line of 80
> alphanumeric characters.

We already see spam of this form.  It seems to me that what you propose
essentially to force spammers to put more of their content on a web
server.  Since they do that already, I don't think it is a step forward.  
Sure, their web sites get shut down, but that doesn't seem to deter them.

> 2. Sender can be anonymous, but not to Sender's ISP. There will be a feature
> (a button) so Recipient can tell Sender's ISP, "Don't send me any further
> email from this Sender."

Blacklisting senders does not work.  Spammers already use a new identity
(read: becomes a different Sender) for every spamming.  If there was a
reliable way to associate sender identities with sending individuals, we
could do all kinds of useful things even using the existing SMTP
infrastructure.

> 3. Broadcasting is prohibited. If Sender wishes to send 1 million identical
> messages, then Sender's server will contain 1 million copies of the message.

It seems that this limitation would necessarily be enforced at the
server.  When the spammer controls the server, the limitation won't be
there.

--

Forcing the sender to bear the storage costs is not a bad idea, but it is
not, by itself, a solution.  It leaves much bigger problems unsolved:

First and foremost, how can we filter out the messages themselves?  The
message with the "unique link to the message" that you describe, is still
spam and must still be filtered.

Also, how can a recipient reliably identify a sender with information
contained in (or sent with) the message?  

How can we prevent spammer-operated messaging servers from misbehaving?  
I tend to assume that the answer to the last question is "we can't," which
makes the first two questions all the more critical.

-- 

Nate Waddoups
Redmond WA USA
http://www.natew.com


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Do we need to do anything? 
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 15:49:08 -0700

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003 21:20:42 +0000 (GMT)  Matt Sergeant wrote:
 +------------------
 | What about address books? And people who give other people your address?
 | 
 | I see *lots* of fundamental reasons why this wouldn't work.
 | 
 | Part of the puzzle, yes. "The" solution, no.
 +------------------

A modification to this technique is to just use a new ephemeral
address for each message you send.  If you keep an outgoing folder
then you have all the data needed to derive a provenience for the
spam.  

--
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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
Cc: ietf anti-spam research group <asrg@ietf.org>,
        Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Subject: Re: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
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References: <20030306105315.GA4411@danisch.de> <20030306191718.B4198310@exeter.ac.uk> <x4zno88bw7.fsf@footbone.midwestcs.com> <3E67B830.9070005@americasm01.nt.com>
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 22:50:23 +0000

On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 04:05:52PM -0500, Chris Lewis wrote:
> > Even with the birthday paradox attack, the spammer will have to send
> > out hundreds of forged DNS packets in order to have a good chance of
> > getting a bogus entry the target's DNS cache.  This is both very
> > detectable and it also greatly increases the amount of work that a
> > spammer has to do.
> 
> I've not been following this in great detail, but I'd like to comment on 
> this point.  It's worse than that.  It has to trick every recipient.

That depends on how RMX would be deployed.  I read the proposal to
suggest it would be deployed at mail hubs to defend against receiving
mail from IPs other than those the domain owner has delegated as being
allowed to.  In this case all the attacker has to spoof is the mail hub.

I think you're presuming it is implemented in the mail-client, and say
checked on download or on first read or something.  In this latter
case it would be pretty hard to reliably use DNS spoofing to spam.
But I don't think that was the intent.

Adam
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-----Original Message-----
>From: Chris Lewis [mailto:clewis@nortelnetworks.com] 
>Sent: Thursday, March 06, 2003 1:06 PM
>To: ietf anti-spam research group

>wayne wrote:
>>>A) RMX is broken, due to reliance on DNS

>> Even with the birthday paradox attack, the spammer will have to send
>> out hundreds of forged DNS packets in order to have a good chance of
>> getting a bogus entry the target's DNS cache.  This is both very
>> detectable and it also greatly increases the amount of work that a
>> spammer has to do.

>I've not been following this in great detail, but I'd like to comment
on 
>this point.  It's worse than that.  It has to trick every recipient.
Yes, it does have to trick every recipient, once.  Then it's cached and
all future sends are free.  Also, since the timing is predictable this
attack is easy to carry out.

>It's rather like true IP spoofing.  In some circumstances, it is indeed

>possible to spoof IPs.  But since it requires flooding the MTA for each

>connection with thousands of packets, it becomes totally impractical 
>if you're trying to spam more than a handful of recipients (even if 
>you're on the same network interface as AOL's MTAs).
Why is 65536 100 byte packets a lot? That's only 655k.  Why would
preceeding any spamming attempt with that many bytes trouble an 
attacker?  That's a fraction of the bandwidth they're using anyway
for the message content (since they're probably delivering to multiple
mailboxes on most large networks)

>So, I don't think attacks on the DNS protocol are compelling. 
>Subverting a DNS server is an entirely different thing.

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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 15:40:37 -0800



> At the same time, MUAs are getting smarter.  In particular, 
> the presence
> of language classifiers (Bayes, et al) in desktop-user (as opposed to
> technical-user) MUAs is likely to become much more prevalent 
> over the next
> few years.

The more filters are deployed the greater the need will be for 
mechanisms that make sure that false positives are not being 
lost.

The spam problem has grown so large that the second order problems
are becomming significant in their own right.

Authentication approaches and filtering approaches go together.

		Phill 
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From: "Barclay, Robert" <Robert.Barclay@experianems.com>
To: "'Chris Lewis'" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>,
        "'asrg@ietf.org'"
	 <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
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This message is in MIME format. Since your mail reader does not understand
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Sorry,
I think that both of the issues you point out below were more a lack of
clarity of expression on my part than a disagreement with your points. I
don't disagree with either of them. But from my point of view whether the
filtering happens in the MTA or the MUA is a secondary concern. My main
point was just that the email transaction system itself (whether SMTP is
extended, or a new protocol replaces it, or a new layer is placed on top of
it, or we just all start hiring singing messengers) should not itself
dictate whether any specific piece of mail should be accepted, but should
allow for the reliable transmission of sufficient information to allow
filtering decisions to be made at the end point of the transmission. 

The need to filter/monitor specific types of content for specific
environments seems out of scope of this process, except to say that it
should still be possible to do so. It seems unlikely that any globally
adopted set of rules for email would make it either much easier or much
harder to keep up with things like changing Securities and Exchange
Commission rules for financial services companies, or the myriad of HR
problems that can result from misuse of office email.



-----Original Message-----
From: Chris Lewis [mailto:clewis@nortelnetworks.com]
Sent: Thursday, March 06, 2003 12:50 PM
To: 'asrg@ietf.org'
Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)


Barclay, Robert wrote:

> Whether or not bulk email is treated differently than one to one 
> communication (and I think at least in transport it should not be) the 
> end goal should be for end users to have control over what email gets 
> into their In boxes right?

Right.  But, you're (a) conflating where the technology is placed (MTA 
versus MUA) with it being a user choice, and (b) ignoring fundamental 
differences between classes of "provider".

In (a), consider user choice implemented in the MTA, not the MUA.  Yes, 
the technology already exists to do that. It's highly beneficial - 
reduction of user bandwidth (think user on dialup line). Necessitating 
not only that scoring/marking/whatever goes on in the MTA, the refusal 
itself is done in the MTA.

In (b), consider us.  We're a corporation, not an ISP.  Corporate policy 
not only prohibits certain materials, but the law also forces us to 
block certain kinds of materials (specifically, workplace sexual 
harrassment legislation).  While the latter isn't spam per-se, it still 
is done using anti-spam techniques at the MTA level to prevent innocent 
end users getting bombarded by stuff they didn't ask for (which is what 
spam is).  [If non-spammed porn gets through to the end user, then it's 
an HR issue...]



_______________________________________________
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charset=3DUS-ASCII">
<META NAME=3D"Generator" CONTENT=3D"MS Exchange Server version =
5.5.2653.12">
<TITLE>RE: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent =
expression)</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Sorry,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>I think that both of the issues you point out below =
were more a lack of clarity of expression on my part than a =
disagreement with your points. I don't disagree with either of them. =
But from my point of view whether the filtering happens in the MTA or =
the MUA is a secondary concern. My main point was just that the email =
transaction system itself (whether SMTP is extended, or a new protocol =
replaces it, or a new layer is placed on top of it, or we just all =
start hiring singing messengers) should not itself dictate whether any =
specific piece of mail should be accepted, but should allow for the =
reliable transmission of sufficient information to allow filtering =
decisions to be made at the end point of the transmission. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>The need to filter/monitor specific types of content =
for specific environments seems out of scope of this process, except to =
say that it should still be possible to do so. It seems unlikely that =
any globally adopted set of rules for email would make it either much =
easier or much harder to keep up with things like changing Securities =
and Exchange Commission rules for financial services companies, or the =
myriad of HR problems that can result from misuse of office =
email.</FONT></P>
<BR>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>-----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>From: Chris Lewis [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:clewis@nortelnetworks.com">mailto:clewis@nortelnetworks.c=
om</A>]</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Sent: Thursday, March 06, 2003 12:50 PM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>To: 'asrg@ietf.org'</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: =
consent expression)</FONT>
</P>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Barclay, Robert wrote:</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; Whether or not bulk email is treated differently =
than one to one </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; communication (and I think at least in =
transport it should not be) the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; end goal should be for end users to have =
control over what email gets </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt; into their In boxes right?</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Right.&nbsp; But, you're (a) conflating where the =
technology is placed (MTA </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>versus MUA) with it being a user choice, and (b) =
ignoring fundamental </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>differences between classes of =
&quot;provider&quot;.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>In (a), consider user choice implemented in the MTA, =
not the MUA.&nbsp; Yes, </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>the technology already exists to do that. It's =
highly beneficial - </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>reduction of user bandwidth (think user on dialup =
line). Necessitating </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>not only that scoring/marking/whatever goes on in =
the MTA, the refusal </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>itself is done in the MTA.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>In (b), consider us.&nbsp; We're a corporation, not =
an ISP.&nbsp; Corporate policy </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>not only prohibits certain materials, but the law =
also forces us to </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>block certain kinds of materials (specifically, =
workplace sexual </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>harrassment legislation).&nbsp; While the latter =
isn't spam per-se, it still </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>is done using anti-spam techniques at the MTA level =
to prevent innocent </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>end users getting bombarded by stuff they didn't ask =
for (which is what </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>spam is).&nbsp; [If non-spammed porn gets through to =
the end user, then it's </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>an HR issue...]</FONT>
</P>
<BR>
<BR>

<P><FONT =
SIZE=3D2>_______________________________________________</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Asrg mailing list</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Asrg@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2><A =
HREF=3D"https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg" =
TARGET=3D"_blank">https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg</A></FONT>=

</P>

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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 15:51:32 -0800 (PST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> The other problem with challenge/response systems is that there's a 
> missing link in the interface.
> 
> I go to a web site and purchase something.  They send me an email 
> receipt.  How exactly are they going to automatically get through my 
> challenge response? 

Sometimes I whitelist the domain beforehand, most times I just check the
'holding pen' folder for a message from the merchant some time later.

-- 

Nate Waddoups
Redmond WA USA
http://www.natew.com


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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 15:48:00 -0800

> Why is 65536 100 byte packets a lot? That's only 655k. 

Because it would stick out like a giant day-glo beacon shouting

HEY YOOO-HOOO I AM GOING TO SPAAAAAM YOU NOW...


If not we just make it a requirement to use a fixed version of DNS. 

		Phill
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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 07:00:01 +0700
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On Thu, 6 Mar 2003 12:15:07 -0500 (EST), David F. Skoll wrote:

>An even simpler solution is for ISP's to prevent free accounts from
>sending e-mail at all.  You can browse the Web all you want, but until
>you pay up and give a credit card number -- no e-mail.  Or slightly
>less draconian, force free accounts to send e-mail through the ISP's
>server and limit it to 10 emails/day.


Many well-run free services now use such methods.   The goal
should be to force all to do so

Jeffrey Race

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 05 Mar 2003 17:22:28 EST."
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 13:58:01 -0500

"David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> wrote:
> >   So what are my alternatives?  Give up on email?  Pay $2k/year to
> > upgrade my equipment?
> 
> Change your domain and start fresh.

  That solution doesn't scale.

> >   All of the proposed solutions which talk about filtering mail are a
> > waste of time.
> 
> Maybe for you and 0.01% of the population.  For the other 99.99% of
> us, filters are a good technology.

  Then why are you on this list?

  I'm here to talk about a *real* spam problem, where even a filter of
"firewall all IP's not on a whitelist" is too expensive to be
practical.

  Or are you saying that you're willing to solve your spam problem,
but not mine?

> > Does it really make sense to allow terabytes of garbage to fill the
> > network?
> 
> No, but how can you stop it?

  That's what I thought we were here to discuss.

> > Why wouldn't we just solve the problem by minimizing the garbage
> > traffic, instead of upgrading the network?
> 
> How?  Who says what is or isn't garbage?

  You do.  You're filtering & discarding spam already.

  Why was it acceptable to have that traffic pass over the Internet,
only to be thrown away by you?

> I agree, but the need for filters will never go away.

  Oh, that's true.  But many people claim "filters work".

  That's like saying "I don't need surgery, I've got a band-aid!"

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Let's try something different
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 00:24:03 +0000 (GMT)

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Jed Margolin wrote:

> I propose:
> 
> 1. Sender's email is stored on Sender's server.

[snip]

http://cr.yp.to/im2000.html

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] The Consent 4-Tuple
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 14:07:23 -0500

  I'd like bring the discussion more on-charter, and to use
quantitative terms to describe the problem.

  Most of the discussion here has been about user-based consent.  The
charter (unclear as I find it) doesn't discuss in detail what is meant
by "consent".

  So having a background in Physics, I thought I'd come up with some
math-style new vocabulary to describe *whose* consent we're talking
about.  I don't have time to write a draft, but I was able to type up
a few short thoughts, in between other work.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

	The Consent 4-tuple
	-------------------

  The general model for email traffic is that there is an email
originator (end-user), a local SMTP gateway, a remote SMTP gateway,
and a final recipient of the email.  To use unique terms:

#--------
  email originator -> SMTP sender -> SMTP receiver -> final addressee/user
#--------

  In order to better discuss the issues involved, I will define a
"consent 4-tuple".  This allows us to make quantitatively descriptions
of consent in SMTP conversations.

  The consent 4-tuple is composed of 4 values:

  (O,S,R,A)  Originator, sender, receiver, and final email addressee

  We use tokens to describe consent of each party:

  -	made a statement to NOT consent to the traffic
  0	made no statement
  +	make a statement to consent to the traffic.
  *	all of the above.


- The majority of email today is (+,0,0,0)
  Originator consents to send it, sender/receiver make no statement,
  and the addressee makes no statement.
 
- Dictionary attacks on email addresses are: (+,*,*,-), or (+,*,-,)
  Originator consents, addressee doesn't consent,
  or addressee doesn't exist, and therefore can't consent.
  Note that unsolicited email from honest people may
  also be (+,*,*,-).

- User spam filtering is (*,*,*,-)
  Late in the traffic... bad idea.

- ISP spam filtering is generally (*,*,-,*)
  Do you really trust your ISP to filter your spam?

- Originating ISP blocking port 25 outbound is (*,-,*,*)
  Early in the traffic, good idea.

- RBL's are (*,*,-,*)
  Receiver administers consent.

- DUL's are (*,-,-,*)
  Sender declares non-consent, receiver agrees to not consent.

- Open relays are (+,0,*,*)
  Why should we care about the spammers consent?

- Open relays (or misconfigured proxies) behind a packet filter on
  port 25 are (+,-,*,*)
  This isn't a problem...

- RMX (reverse MX) is: (*,+,*,*)
  Sender consents to source SMTP, recepient may (or may not) agree.

- The naive "roaming user" is (+,,-,0)
  The sender doesn't exist, because the roaming user is the sender
  The receiver does NOT consent, because he's being lied to about
  where the mail is coming from.  (Lack of informed consent==no consent)

- The smart roaming user is (+,+,0,0)
  His sender consents to forward the email.
  This is also SMTP authentication of the originator.

- SSL certificates (client-server) are (*,+,+,*)
  Both S/R consent, because they've been authenticated.

- Spam from well-known domains is (+,+,0,-), or (+,+,+,-)
  (e.g. throw-away accounts at otherwise-respectable ISP's)
  Everyone consents to handle the data, but the addressee
  decides that it's spam. 

- Spam with forged "from" lines is: (+,0,-,*), or (+,*,0,-)
  The receiver did NOT consent to being lied to.

- Spam with forged "from" lines coming from spam hosts is (+,+,-,*)

- Spam filters like spamcop.net are (*,*,-,*), or (*,*,+,*)
  They consent to throw away bad traffic, or to pass only known good
  traffic.

- A happy world is (+,+,+,+)


  The problem is that (+,+,+,+) is a MUCH smaller space than
  !(+,+,+,+).  This means any implementation based on declared
  non-consent will be hugely more expensive than one based on declared
  consent.


  Alan DeKok.
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 00:30:43 +0000 (GMT)

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Jim Youll wrote:

> At 18:33 +0000 3/6/03, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> >Tagged addresses, temporary addresses, etc. All work well for a bit. 
> >Until your real email address gets out there.
> >
> >And then you're history.
> >
> >Look at it this way - you give your mum your real email address, 
> >because you know she's not a spammer. She forwards you a joke, and 
> >CC's a whole bunch of co-workers. One of those co-workers forwards 
> >that email to somewhere that gets archived on the web. And her MUA 
> >includes all those people's email addresses. BAM.
> 
> But if you had a proper client that hid all the work, you could 
> "give" a different e-mail address to every correspondent, and if it 
> leaked out, you need only cancel that one and give that particular 
> correspondent a freshly-generated address, no?

I just don't see how that can work in the business world where you have 
corporate directories. Is the directory also supposed to dish out fresh 
addresses each time? Your proposal then requires changes to all MUAs, some 
MTAs, and now all LDAP and directory services and address book software.

Major headache.

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Sure.. But only if you add a new capability to the DNS server
to signal the SMTP server that this is occuring.  Or install
a NIDS system that does the same.  More infrastructure to 
fix a broken system.  Patches upon patches upon patches.

Never mind that you then have to improve NIDS to take care
of certain issues if you've got a determined attacker (See
http://www.robertgraham.com/mirror/Ptacek-Newsham-Evasion-98.html 
and
http://monkey.org/~dugsong/fragroute/ )

And you would have some pretty determined attackers if you've 
got a large enough site (and therefore enough spam recipients to
make it worth the attackers energy)

-----Original Message-----
From: Hallam-Baker, Phillip [mailto:pbaker@verisign.com] 
Sent: Thursday, March 06, 2003 3:48 PM
To: Jonathan Wilkins; Chris Lewis; ietf anti-spam research group

> Why is 65536 100 byte packets a lot? That's only 655k. 

Because it would stick out like a giant day-glo beacon shouting

HEY YOOO-HOOO I AM GOING TO SPAAAAAM YOU NOW...


If not we just make it a requirement to use a fixed version of DNS. 

		Phill


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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 16:29:47 -0800


> Sure.. But only if you add a new capability to the DNS server
> to signal the SMTP server that this is occuring.  Or install
> a NIDS system that does the same.  More infrastructure to 
> fix a broken system.  Patches upon patches upon patches.

That is rhetoric, not an argument.

DNS has some problems, they have not been serious enough to fix till now but
the security community always understood how to fix them.

This is an IRTF working group. The expected outcome is either proposals to
change protocols or a statement why the problem is impossible, not
worthwhile or otherwise not to be addressed.

	Phill 
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To: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Do we need to do anything?
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 19:33:17 -0500

At 0:30 +0000 3/7/03, Matt Sergeant wrote:
>On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Jim Youll wrote:
>
>>  At 18:33 +0000 3/6/03, Matt Sergeant wrote:
>>  >Tagged addresses, temporary addresses, etc. All work well for a bit.
>>  >Until your real email address gets out there.
>>  >
>>  >And then you're history.
>>  >
>>  >Look at it this way - you give your mum your real email address,
>>  >because you know she's not a spammer. She forwards you a joke, and
>>  >CC's a whole bunch of co-workers. One of those co-workers forwards
>>  >that email to somewhere that gets archived on the web. And her MUA
>>  >includes all those people's email addresses. BAM.
>>
>>  But if you had a proper client that hid all the work, you could
>>  "give" a different e-mail address to every correspondent, and if it
>>  leaked out, you need only cancel that one and give that particular
>>  correspondent a freshly-generated address, no?
>
>I just don't see how that can work in the business world where you have
>corporate directories. Is the directory also supposed to dish out fresh
>addresses each time? Your proposal then requires changes to all MUAs, some
>MTAs, and now all LDAP and directory services and address book software.
>
>Major headache.


I see this as one of many techniques that can be used separately to help with
the problem. If I were to switch to this technique only for addresses that
are deliberately shown to the public (web pages, chats, 
fundamentally), I believe
the bulk of my spam problems could be kept under control.

Of course this does not work for every situation! For my grandmother and niece
and nephew, it would work quite well in many circumstances, 
especially if the details were taken
care of behind the scenes.
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 16:37:47 -0800 (PST)

On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Matt Sergeant wrote:

> On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Jed Margolin wrote:
> 
> > I propose:
> > 
> > 1. Sender's email is stored on Sender's server.
> 
> http://cr.yp.to/im2000.html

I have tons of respect for DJB, but I'm not so sure about this idea.  
With a 'pull' mail system, recipients either need to poll senders, or
senders need to send notifications when new messages are available.

Notification messages are themselves subject to many of the same problems
as 'push' mail (including spam) becuase they are, basically, pushed to the
recipiients.  The overhead associated with polling all of the potential
senders is probably bigger than the overhead associated with bounce
messages.

It might be a cool alternative to current mailing lists though.

-- 

Nate Waddoups
Redmond WA USA
http://www.natew.com



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To: Roland <list-asrg@openrbl.org>
From: Fred Baker <fred@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
Cc: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 16:17:59 -0800

At 01:32 PM 3/5/2003 +0000, Roland wrote:
> >> Any consent has to be given from the receipient to the sender,
> >> and should be non-transferable and revokable at any time.
>
>The only one which can give consent for bulk-mail is the receipient,

Look through the header lines on this email, and tell me who is the sender 
and who is the recipient? My system (my PC) very likely never spoke with 
your PC. Rather, it traversed a number of SMTP sessions, going from relay 
to relay, such as (copied out of an email I sent earlier in the week and 
received back on this list):

        My PC -> mira-sjc5-b.cisco.com
              -> sj-core-2.cisco.com
              -> ietf.org
              -> www1.ietf.org
              -> proxy1.cisco.com
              -> sj-msg-av-3.cisco.com
              -> sj-core-2.cisco.com
              -> mira-sjc5-b.cisco.com
        and finally a POP session to my PC.

So to whom do I assert that I am only willing to receive <something>, or 
that I am not willing to receive <something>? And which system is "me"?

I think the relay servers at the IETF are the place where the spammer will 
send; one would like them to reject traffic <somehow> based on the traffic 
being inappropriate for the list. That is essentially what we do when we 
moderate traffic. My company also has servers that inspect the language in 
an email and classify some subset of it as commercial messages, presumably 
unsolicited, with a fairly low false positive rate. The rate is low enough 
that I have elected to tell my Mirapoint server to discard anything that 
SpamAssassin or whatever said process uses has decided is probably spam; 
I'd rather accept the false positives than deal with the trash. My PC, of 
course, has a list of filters that won't quit, partly for spam and partly 
for sorting messages into appropriate mail files.

Even spam that is directed to my personal email address goes through 
several steps. I got an email earlier today (from an airline that 
apparently has very compatible flight attendants) that was sent to

        laptop -> proxy1.cisco.com
               -> sj-msg-av-3.cisco.com
               -> sj-core-2.cisco.com
               -> mira-sjc5-b.cisco.com
        and finally a POP session to my PC.

So I don't think either end user talks with the other, and their direct 
agents (laptops) don't.

We need to sort out what kinds of policies might be applied in different 
places, and how much user control there is. It would be very nice to 
somehow automate the concept of a "moderator", and apply straightforward 
filters - no matter how compatible the flight attendants, I actually might 
have lived without that advertisement... 

_______________________________________________
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Subject: RE: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
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From: "Jonathan Wilkins" <jwilkins@microsoft.com>
To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>,
        "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>,
        "ietf anti-spam research group" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 16:48:57 -0800
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No it's not rhetoric.  It's a statement of fact.  DNS alone
doesn't solve this problem.  If you want RMX to work, you need
to do one of the following:
1. patch the DNS protocol
2. patch DNS servers to keep track of multiple bogus responses 
   and inform the SMTP server
   (what you're going to do when this happens is unclear.  Since
   they're UDP and spoofable, surely you're not proposing that 
   all data from that IP be dropped)
   See any IDS list for details on the hazards of automated
   filtering.
3. Add a NIDS that watches for lots of unasked for DNS replies
   and communicates with your SMTP server.

If you're doing this much to compensate for a broken protocol, 
you ought to re-evaluate the cost-benefit equation.

I agree with you that DNS hasn't been a major problem for the
internet up until now, but that's because most uses don't make
it easy for an attacker to spoof.  Since an attacker doesn't
know when you're going to go to your bank's site (and therefore
do a DNS lookup), it's difficult for them to spoof a DNS reply.
This is not the case for RMX.  The spammer controls the timing
of the lookup.


-----Original Message-----
From: Hallam-Baker, Phillip [mailto:pbaker@verisign.com] 
Sent: Thursday, March 06, 2003 4:30 PM
To: Jonathan Wilkins; Hallam-Baker, Phillip; Chris Lewis; ietf anti-spam
research group


> Sure.. But only if you add a new capability to the DNS server
> to signal the SMTP server that this is occuring.  Or install
> a NIDS system that does the same.  More infrastructure to 
> fix a broken system.  Patches upon patches upon patches.

That is rhetoric, not an argument.

DNS has some problems, they have not been serious enough to fix till now
but
the security community always understood how to fix them.

This is an IRTF working group. The expected outcome is either proposals
to
change protocols or a statement why the problem is impossible, not
worthwhile or otherwise not to be addressed.

	Phill 


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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Do we need to do anything?
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 19:48:23 -0500 (EST)

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Matt Sergeant wrote:

> What about address books? And people who give other people your address?

Well, you have one more-or-less permanent address that issues a challenge
to the sender, and if the sender responds correctly, it creates a
usable ephemeral address for that sender.

> I see *lots* of fundamental reasons why this wouldn't work.

No fundamental reasons.  Just implementation details.

--
David.
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records) 
In-Reply-To: <E18r0Z7-0000Ac-00@mail.nitros9.org>
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 19:53:04 -0500 (EST)

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Alan DeKok wrote:

> > Change your domain and start fresh.
>   That solution doesn't scale.

Well, you are highly unlikely to have the kind of spam you've been
seeing.  Really.  Your stats are way off the chart.

> > Maybe for you and 0.01% of the population.  For the other 99.99% of
> > us, filters are a good technology.
>   Then why are you on this list?

To help reduce spam for most people.  There will always be outlyers
who are beyond help.

>   I'm here to talk about a *real* spam problem, where even a filter of
> "firewall all IP's not on a whitelist" is too expensive to be
> practical.

That level of spam does not yet exist for most people.  Your situation is
very unusual.

>   Or are you saying that you're willing to solve your spam problem,
> but not mine?

That's right.  Your problem is not representative of most people's problem.

>   Oh, that's true.  But many people claim "filters work".
>   That's like saying "I don't need surgery, I've got a band-aid!"

Filters work very well for a lot of people.  There are always outlying
data points; you have my sympathy. :-)

--
David.
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	 <pbaker@verisign.com>,
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Subject: RE: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 17:25:54 -0800

> No it's not rhetoric.  It's a statement of fact.  DNS alone
> doesn't solve this problem.  If you want RMX to work, you need
> to do one of the following:
> 1. patch the DNS protocol
> 2. patch DNS servers to keep track of multiple bogus responses 
>    and inform the SMTP server
>    (what you're going to do when this happens is unclear.  Since
>    they're UDP and spoofable, surely you're not proposing that 
>    all data from that IP be dropped)
>    See any IDS list for details on the hazards of automated
>    filtering.
> 3. Add a NIDS that watches for lots of unasked for DNS replies
>    and communicates with your SMTP server.
> 
> If you're doing this much to compensate for a broken protocol, 
> you ought to re-evaluate the cost-benefit equation.

Perhaps we might get further if you just told us all your pet 
theory rather than making us all wait till you have attacked
everything else.

You might find that we don't consider your pet theory to be
incompatible or in competition.


You appear to have the same problem Bruce Schneier had with security
before he wrote secrets and lies. The perfect is the enemy of the 
good. Security is risk control, not risk elimination.

Spam is an infestation, we are not going to find a magic bullet.
We are going to have to fight a long war on many fronts. We shall
fight them with filters, we shall fight them with authenticated
mail, we shall fight them in the legislatures and in the court 
room. We shall never surrender but if the Internet shall last a 
thousand years it shall be said of us that this was our finnest
hour.

		Phill

	Phill 
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To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] The Consent 4-Tuple 
In-Reply-To: <E18r0iB-0000Ci-00@mail.nitros9.org> 
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 18:33:22 -0700

On Thu, 06 Mar 2003 14:07:23 -0500  "Alan DeKok" wrote:
 +------------------
 | 	The Consent 4-tuple
 | 	-------------------
 | 
 |   The general model for email traffic is that there is an email
 | originator (end-user), a local SMTP gateway, a remote SMTP gateway,
 | and a final recipient of the email.  To use unique terms:
 | 
 | #--------
 |   email originator -> SMTP sender -> SMTP receiver -> final addressee/user
 | #--------
 +------------------

I applaud your effort to make an algebra for spam. But I think that your
notation misses the target.

The common literature uses the terms Sender MUA, Sender MTA, Recipient
MTA, and Recipient MUA. I'm not sure that there is much to be gained by
changing the terminology. I think that there is room for definitions of
true sender and true recipient too. Also I'm fuzzy on the difference
between * and 0 in your notation.

Each of these components is an agent for "real people", namely: the
sender and the recipient. I might need a little hand waving here to cover
bots, reflectors, list managers and the like but even they are setup on
the behalf of real people.

The goal of the Sender MUA/MTA pair is to implement the wishes of the
sender and the Recipient MTA/MUA is to implement the wishes of the
recipient.

The sender always "consents" to send the mail (modulo accidents). So we
would never see mail that it is unlikely that the Sender MUA would work
in a way against the senders wishes. And it would be totalitarian indeed
if it did. The Sender MTA may choose to throttle traffic from the Sender
MUA on grounds of self preservation but it seems unlikely that it would
implement any higher policy that prevents it from attempting to achieve
the senders desires.

So the job for the senders MUA/MTA are simple: Get the mail into the
hands of the recipients MTA/MUA.

The recipient MTA/MUA on the other hand works for the recipient.
Its goals are more complex. It must attempt to meet two conflicting
wishes on the part of the recipient. First of these wishes is to
see mail that the recipient wishes to see. Second is to not see
what they don't want to see.  Because the recipient has not yet seen the
mail this is a problem of prediction and thus has lots of interesting
failure modes.

Both the recipient MTA and the recipient MUA and the network surrounding
them may provide some traffic shaping/blocking features to protect their
availability.  Then both the recipient MUA and MTA may run various
categorization and markup features that allow the recipient to
select/sort her email.

An algebra to describe spam will involve the recipients view of
email.  Mostly it will require notations for functions on the feature
space of the email message and the recipients wishes.

--
    Chris Fedde
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Deprecating plain POP accounts
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 17:56:09 -0800 (PST)

on "3-6-2003" "Hadmut Danisch" writ:

: On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 11:55:16PM -0800, abuse wrote:
: >
: > ... somehow, the idea of 'eliminating' "POP" accounts falls short of a
: > reasoned solution.  if i'm mistaken, and this a viable alternative, why
: > not eliminate SMTP altogether ...

: Maybe you'd understand it a little bit better if you'd read more
: than just the subject line.

... i do not have 'quotable' text at my disposal, but as i recall, you'd
suggested a mandated 'change' to the system as it now stands.  if that in
error, i certainly stand corrected.  however, if i'm not, my opinion
about that philosophy has not changed ...
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Subject: RE: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
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        "ietf anti-spam research group" <asrg@ietf.org>
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I don't have a favorite solution yet.  I think it's too early 
for that.  I personally agree with Brad Templeton and favor 
solutions that require as few changes as necessary to the rest
of the internet infrastructure and SMTP semantics.  

The reason I've been so vocal about the RMX proposal is that
I find it to be really objectionable since it requires a lot
of effort from a lot of people for no particular gain.  It's 
just another step in an arms race that has minimal long term
benefits.

I do agree wholeheartedly with you that there will not be one 
single solution.  It will take a lot of effort from a lot of 
people.  It will take a lot of code, much of which won't work,
but which will bring us closer to understanding what _will_ 
work.  I just think that it's worth discarding certain approaches 
which don't stand up to scrutiny rather than spending a huge 
amount of resources to prove empirically that they don't work.

That's how security research works.  People propose systems.
Then everyone attacks them.  Whatever's left standing wins.
I hope that no one is taking my comments too personally, but
I don't believe in sugar coating technical arguments.  If
something's weak, I believe that everyone should at least be
aware of the weakness.

						Jonathan

-----Original Message-----
From: Hallam-Baker, Phillip [mailto:pbaker@verisign.com] 
Sent: Thursday, March 06, 2003 5:26 PM
To: Jonathan Wilkins; Hallam-Baker, Phillip; Chris Lewis; ietf anti-spam
research group

> No it's not rhetoric.  It's a statement of fact.  DNS alone
> doesn't solve this problem.  If you want RMX to work, you need
> to do one of the following:
> 1. patch the DNS protocol
> 2. patch DNS servers to keep track of multiple bogus responses 
>    and inform the SMTP server
>    (what you're going to do when this happens is unclear.  Since
>    they're UDP and spoofable, surely you're not proposing that 
>    all data from that IP be dropped)
>    See any IDS list for details on the hazards of automated
>    filtering.
> 3. Add a NIDS that watches for lots of unasked for DNS replies
>    and communicates with your SMTP server.
> 
> If you're doing this much to compensate for a broken protocol, 
> you ought to re-evaluate the cost-benefit equation.

Perhaps we might get further if you just told us all your pet 
theory rather than making us all wait till you have attacked
everything else.

You might find that we don't consider your pet theory to be
incompatible or in competition.


You appear to have the same problem Bruce Schneier had with security
before he wrote secrets and lies. The perfect is the enemy of the 
good. Security is risk control, not risk elimination.

Spam is an infestation, we are not going to find a magic bullet.
We are going to have to fight a long war on many fronts. We shall
fight them with filters, we shall fight them with authenticated
mail, we shall fight them in the legislatures and in the court 
room. We shall never surrender but if the Internet shall last a 
thousand years it shall be said of us that this was our finnest
hour.

		Phill

	Phill 


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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Subject: [Asrg] Locked addresses (was Do we need to do anything?
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 21:11:16 -0500 (EST)

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Matt Sergeant wrote:

> What about address books? And people who give other people your address?

Ah.  This is solved by having different classes of addresses.

Consider a Domain-locked address.  The address
"ephem-ajh4u34b@roaringpenguin.com" only accepts mail from the
roaringpenguin.com domain.  That's the address that gets published
in the internal company directory.  (For that matter, for the internal
company directory, you might as well use "dfs@roaringpenguin.com").

Domain-locked addresses are also good if you're communicating with
several people at another organization.  Yes, if one of those people
tries to email you from a Yahoo account, it will bounce.  Well, too bad.

Sender-locked addresses are more restricted.  The address
"ephem-dkn435nfu@roaringpenguin.com" only accepts mail from
"rose@artandframingsolutions.com", period.  She can keep that address
in her address book, and it will work just fine.

Time-locked addresses are what you post in newsgroups.  They accept mail
from anyone, but only for a very limited time.

Challenge-locked addresses are what you use for your permanent point
of contact for strangers.  Challenge-locked addresses send a challenge
back to senders; if the challenge is met successfully, the sender is
given a sender-locked address to use.  Later on, you might
magnanimously hand out a domain-locked address, if you choose.
Depending on your policy, you might have sender-locked addresses issue
a challenge if the wrong sender tries to use them; this covers the
innocent case of someone giving out your address to a friend.

There's a terrific side-benefit from sender-locked addresses: If your
correspondent is silly enough to use M$ LookOUT!, and gets hit by a
virus, a nice thing happens: Most viruses nowadays pick two random
addresses from the address book.  They use one as the sender and the
other as the recipient.

Well, mail (supposedly) NOT from rose@... to ephem-dkn... will bounce.
Furthermore, by looking at the destination address, you can phone up
rose@ and say "I think you might have a virus; please check", whereas
currently, you have few clues as to who the real infected party is.

Locked-addresses require no MUA changes.  All of the magic can be
implemented on the server.

To get back to the broader picture mandated by the charter: Rather
than looking hard for ways to tie down an address to an identity, so
that we can track persistent spammers, it might be much easier and
just as productive to look for ways to dissociate e-mail addresses
from any kind of permanent identity, ensuring that spammers' lists are
rendered useless, and amplifying the effectiveness of the
measure-bounce-percentage proposal I made earlier.

--
David.
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To: Fred Baker <fred@cisco.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] definition of spam (was Re: consent expression)
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 13:17:20 +1100

At 04:17 PM 03/06/2003 -0800, Fred Baker wrote:
Look through the header lines on this email, and tell me who is the sender 
and who is the recipient? My system (my PC) very likely never spoke with 
your PC. Rather, it traversed a number of SMTP sessions, going from relay 
to relay, such as (copied out of an email I sent earlier in the week and 
received back on this list):

>        My PC -> mira-sjc5-b.cisco.com
>              -> sj-core-2.cisco.com
>              -> ietf.org
>              -> www1.ietf.org
>              -> proxy1.cisco.com
>              -> sj-msg-av-3.cisco.com
>              -> sj-core-2.cisco.com
>              -> mira-sjc5-b.cisco.com
>        and finally a POP session to my PC.

The Received lines tell you nothing directly about who the sender and who 
is the recipient.

In the case of a mailing list, there are two transactions:

    1. First transaction -

       a. The sender is the person submitting a message to the mailing list.
       b. The recipient is the mailing list system.

    2. Second transaction -

       a. The sender is the mailing list system.
       b. Each person subscribed is a recipient.

The first transaction requires the consent (express, inferred or implied) 
of the operator of the mailing list.

The second transaction requires the consent of each subscriber - this 
consent was given by means of the subscription request.

The fact that a number of systems were involved in the middle has no 
bearing on the matter.

>So I don't think either end user talks with the other, and their direct 
>agents (laptops) don't.

This is only a problem if you insist on using some enhancement to SMTP to 
express consent. Since consent is something communicated by the recipient 
to the sender, for the reasons including those you indicate, enhancing SMTP 
is probably not a good way of expressing consent, at least on an individual 
level. Hence the BMTP and BMPP protocols designed by people from CAUCE and 
CAUBE.AU(*). Those protocols were designed specifically to deal with consent.

(*) To these you would add the SMTP banner specification if you were 
looking to review all of the protocol proposals made by CAUCE groups, but 
that specification only deals with expressing a refusal of consent at the 
domain level.
--
Troy Rollo			Chairmain, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name		Executive Director, iCAUCE

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 06 Mar 2003 11:44:34 EST."
             <3E677AF2.2030605@americasm01.nt.com> 
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 17:27:11 -0500

"Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:
> Kee Hinckley wrote:
> 
> > I have to say that your stats certainly are up there.  Have you looked 
> > at the incoming email at all?
> 
> We have.

  I do owe Chris a big thanks for helping me analyze the spam traffic
to my domain.  I simply didn't have the resources to do it on my own.

  Chris gave a talk at a local Unix group 8+ years ago about spam.
People had a hard time believing his numbers then.  Three years ago,
nearly everyone I talked to refused to believe me, when I told them
about the volume of spam sent to my domain.  I couldn't use filters,
because most of them weren't written then.  Now that the filters are
written, they don't help me, because my spam load has increased by 2-3
orders of magnitude.

  This is the problem I'm worried about.  Some ad-hoc and naive
solutions may work, if you're not receiving appreciable amounts of
spam.  They may even work if you have money to throw at the problem.
But they don't scale.  They're not permanent solutions.  And until we
have a clear description/understanding of the problem, it's a waste of
time to talk about specific solutions.

  Alan DeKok.
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Thu Mar  6 22:38:11 2003
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Subject: [Asrg] DNS NONCE Record Proposal
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 19:36:32 -0800

The NONCE record allows a DNS client to prevent DNS spoofing attacks by
effectively increasing the size of the request ID value.

The NONCE record is a dummy DNS record. A query requesting a NONCE record
results in the query parameters being returned to the requestor verbatim.

Certain DNS extensions may specify that a server that returns the record
types specified MUST support the NONCE record.


A DNS server may use the NONCE record as an aide to preventing DNS spoofing
and cache poisoning attacks as follows:

The DNS client attaches the NONCE query to every DNS request. When employed
in a legacy environment the client cannot immediately tell the difference
between a DNS spoofing attack and a response from a legacy server that does
not support NONCE.

A DNS client supporting the NONCE record SHOULD maintain a record of all DNS
responses that are unsolicited (did not result from a request made by the
client). If the number of responses exceeds a certain threshold the DNS
client changes state to UNDER-ATTACK

In the UNDER-ATTACK state the DNS client will only accept a DNS response if
and only if:

1) The response contains a valid NONCE value.

2) The first response to a question has a valid request ID.

If the DNS client recieves a spoofed response to a query the query state is
changed to SUSPICIOUS. The client MUST then reject all responses received to
that query unless the response has an accompanying and correct NONCE record.

A DNS client MAY route queries that are marked as SUSPICIOUS to another DNS
server for resolution.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 06 Mar 2003 19:53:04 EST."
             <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303061950430.4394@shishi.roaringpenguin.com> 
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 17:35:14 -0500

"David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> wrote:
> >   Or are you saying that you're willing to solve your spam problem,
> > but not mine?
> 
> That's right.  Your problem is not representative of most people's problem.

  Then wait 2 years.  Honestly.  I will suppress a desire to be
extremely rude at this point.

  3 years ago, I was complaining to anyone who'd listen about my spam
problem.  They told me then, as you are now, to "shut up and go
away".  They told me that they weren't worried, because they didn't see
the problem.

  Today an IRTF group has been created to address the problem.
Wonderful... now that your spam load is where mine was THREE YEARS
ago, you agree it's a problem.  But you're unwilling to come up with a
larger solution.  Instead, you want bandaids.

  If we don't look past the end of our noses, then we will *never*
solve this problem.

  Alan Dekok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] The Consent 4-Tuple 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 06 Mar 2003 18:33:22 MST."
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 17:58:25 -0500

Chris Fedde <cfedde@viawest.net> wrote:
> The common literature uses the terms Sender MUA, Sender MTA, Recipient
> MTA, and Recipient MUA. I'm not sure that there is much to be gained by
> changing the terminology.

  I'm not proposing changing the terminology, I was just avoiding the
work of recalling yet another series of acronyms.  I'll fix the
terminology...

> I think that there is room for definitions of true sender and true
> recipient too. Also I'm fuzzy on the difference between * and 0 in
> your notation.

  The '*' is intended to mean "the rule fits ANY value of consent at
this stage".  It's less of a statement about the consent of the party
involved, than a short-hand for simplifying rules/

  e.g. The description of the senders rule says (+,*,*,*), when the
recipient applies his rule (*,*,*,-), the result is (+,*,*,-).  It's
basically "set intersection".

  The end result is we have a shorthand description of the consent of
the parties involved.  We know the sender consented, we know the
recipient did not.  We don't know (and it may not matter) whether or
not the other parties consented, made no statement, or claimed
non-consent.

> The Sender MTA may choose to throttle traffic from the Sender MUA on
> grounds of self preservation but it seems unlikely that it would
> implement any higher policy that prevents it from attempting to
> achieve the senders desires.

  I disagree.  Unintentional open relays/proxies are (*,0,*,*).  The
'0' in the sender MTA consent results in the sender MUA being allowed
to send spam.  The relays consent SHOULD be (*,-,*,*).  The '-' in the
sender MTA consent results in the sender MUA being prevented from
sending spam.

  I tend to find this sort of quantitative analysis more productive,
and more informative than statements like "relays are bad!"

> An algebra to describe spam will involve the recipients view of
> email.  Mostly it will require notations for functions on the feature
> space of the email message and the recipients wishes.

  Sure.  But it should also be able to describe open relays, SMTP
sourcing from dial-up accounts when the ISP failed to prevent that,
etc.

  I've found most of the discussion here focussed on the recipients
view of email.  I would like to change that.  My experience with spam
has been that there are other major players in the conversation who's
consent (or lack thereof) is being ignored in recipient-based models.

  Alan DeKok.
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	for asrg@ietf.org; Thu, 06 Mar 2003 18:04:47 -0500
From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Limitations of filters (was Re: [Asrg] Do we need to do anything?) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "06 Mar 2003 10:34:58 CST."
             <x4llzsjvwt.fsf@footbone.midwestcs.com> 
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 18:04:47 -0500

wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com> wrote:
> By far the most expensive part of spam is the time spent by the end
> user.

  While that may be true, I've been telling people for years "If you
do ANYTHING other than drop the TCP SYN from a spammer, you've lost".

  Actually *delivering* that mail results in huge additional cost.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
To: "Michael Marking" <marking@tatanka.com>
Cc: "Asrg@ietf.org" <Asrg@ietf.org>
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On Thu, 6 Mar 2003 14:29:29 -0800 (PST), Michael Marking wrote:

>There is a shovel in my yard, not locked up. If a person takes my shovel
>without my permission, and uses it to kill another person, am I guilty?
>I think not.
>
>Perhaps the open relays operators are negligent (or lazy or whatever),
>but the theft is being committed by the spammers.

The terms of art are 'contributory negligence' and 'attractive
nuisance'.   If you leave your swimming pool unlocked, and a 
neighborhood child invites his friends over for a swim (without
your permission) and someone drowns, YOU would definitely go to
prison in most jurisdictions I know of.

I have just posted a Best Current Practice addressing this matter
but it seems not to have gone through.  I expect to repost for
comment shortly.

Jeffrey Race

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Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records) 
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 20:29:14 -0800 (PST)

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Alan DeKok wrote:

> Some ad-hoc and naive solutions may work, if you're not receiving
> appreciable amounts of spam.  They may even work if you have money to
> throw at the problem. But they don't scale.  They're not permanent
> solutions.  And until we have a clear description/understanding of the
> problem, it's a waste of time to talk about specific solutions.

Maybe it would help to look at separate problems and their separate
solutions?

For example, the problem of identifying senders as real-life individuals,
the problem of bandwidth consumption, the problem of recipient's wasted
time, the problem of expressing (or inferring) consent (or lack thereof),
and so on.

This might keep discussion a bit more focused, like "X solves the N
problem, but should not be considered relevant to the M problem."  At
least people wouldn't be compelled to explain "X doesn't solve M" when it
was never meant to.

-- 

Nate Waddoups
Redmond WA USA
http://www.natew.com


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Subject: Re: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
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Jonathan Wilkins wrote:

> Why is 65536 100 byte packets a lot? That's only 655k.

(a) it assumes you manage to guess the right packet before the real 
server gets its answer thru.  Let's be generous, and say that they beat 
it 50% of the time. So, half of your spam run is toast.
(b) it's 65536 100 byte packets for _each_ MTA you're trying to get 
around - _if_ you know where to flood.  Worthwhile for attacking large 
ISPs.  Not small MTAs.


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Subject: Re: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
References: <20030306105315.GA4411@danisch.de> <20030306191718.B4198310@exeter.ac.uk> <x4zno88bw7.fsf@footbone.midwestcs.com> <3E67B830.9070005@americasm01.nt.com> <20030306225023.A4519492@exeter.ac.uk>
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Adam Back wrote:
> On Thu, Mar 06, 2003 at 04:05:52PM -0500, Chris Lewis wrote:
> 
>>>Even with the birthday paradox attack, the spammer will have to send
>>>out hundreds of forged DNS packets in order to have a good chance of
>>>getting a bogus entry the target's DNS cache.  This is both very
>>>detectable and it also greatly increases the amount of work that a
>>>spammer has to do.

>>I've not been following this in great detail, but I'd like to comment on 
>>this point.  It's worse than that.  It has to trick every recipient.

> That depends on how RMX would be deployed.  I read the proposal to
> suggest it would be deployed at mail hubs to defend against receiving
> mail from IPs other than those the domain owner has delegated as being
> allowed to.  In this case all the attacker has to spoof is the mail hub.

Sorry, I meant to say "trick every MTA", because it has to flood 
(something) for each MTA it tries to attack.  Which'd mean that it'd 
only be economic to spam _very_ large MTA farms, and maybe not even then.

So, yeah, you can spam a teensy bit, but the amount of overhead is too 
high to do it in sufficiently high volumes to be useful.

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Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Alan DeKok wrote:
> "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> wrote:

>>Maybe for you and 0.01% of the population.  For the other 99.99% of
>>us, filters are a good technology.

>   Then why are you on this list?

>   I'm here to talk about a *real* spam problem, where even a filter of
> "firewall all IP's not on a whitelist" is too expensive to be
> practical.

To be completely fair, Alan, the problem you're having with Striker 
isn't a technical one, and it's nothing that a discussion list of this 
sort can do anything about.  Your only way to reclaim that domain is to 
stop the spam at source - that's a social/legislative thing, highly off 
topic for an IETF research group.

Striker and our spamtrap are _far_ outside of the bounds of technical 
solutions.

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Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
References: <E18qJqx-0003Lt-00@mail.nitros9.org> <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303042143080.2979@shishi.roaringpenguin.com> <p06000911ba8b17e3e0a8@[192.168.1.104]> <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303050847550.2048@shishi.roaringpenguin.com>
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David F. Skoll wrote:
> On Tue, 4 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> 
> 
>>Companies may find it necessary to hire a human to filter
>>borderline messages that an automatic filter is unsure of, but in the
>>ISP context, false positives do not have a simple
>>solution--

> Oh, clearly this is not an appropriate solution for an ISP.  I was intending
> it only for a corporate setting.

Eeek!  I don't want to read 50,000 spams per day!

False positives have a very simple solution.  Treat it as the first step 
in a "do something else to get this thru".  Just like confirming a 
mailing list subscription with per-transaction keywords.  Or, "click 
here" to get it through.

In our case, we simply arrange to have the bounces say "if you think 
this was in error, forward this bounce to <x@x>".  Where <x@x> is a 
whitelisted address with people who'll forward/fix mistunings.  It's 
relatively safe - spammers tend not to do that.  And I'm a suspicious 
SOB ;-)

If your filters are good, the FP rate is low.  Our false positive 
handling address averages less than 5 per day.

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To: Nate W <asrg@natew.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records) 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.4.21.0303062021550.14358-100000@spiral> 
From: Chris Fedde <cfedde@viawest.net>
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Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 22:45:23 -0700

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003 20:29:14 -0800 (PST)  Nate W wrote:
 +------------------
 | On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Alan DeKok wrote:
 | 
 | > Some ad-hoc and naive solutions may work, if you're not receiving
 | > appreciable amounts of spam.  They may even work if you have money to
 | > throw at the problem. But they don't scale.  They're not permanent
 | > solutions.  And until we have a clear description/understanding of the
 | > problem, it's a waste of time to talk about specific solutions.
 | 
 | Maybe it would help to look at separate problems and their separate
 | solutions?
 +------------------

Email has several aspects.  Two that I think are important to the
spam discussion are the volume aspect and the content aspect.  Users
of email are more interested in the content aspect.  While
administrators are more interested in the volume aspect.

Yes email users want to see a reduction in the volume of spam. But
the main problem they see is that their mailbox fills with stuff
that is of no relevance to them or is down right offensive.

Email administrators on the other hand are most interested in keeping
their infrastructure delivering service to their customers.  And
Spam has grown to the level where just the raw traffic from mail
can bring down mail servers.  That most of what is going through the
server is just going to be deleted by the end users or forwarded
to your "spam-concerns" address is just icing on the cake.

Attacking the volume aspect involves traffic blocking and campaigns
to close open relays and shut down temporary account spammers.

Attacking the content aspect usually involves classification and
sorting.

It is obvious that there is feedback between systems designed to
address volume and those designed to address content.  And it should
also be obvious that the data that enables volume systems is also
useful as classification tags. And that higher level classification
can be used to refine the volume systems.

Maybe we can define some architectural models that can be used to
help understand the dimensions of a solution.

--
    chris fedde
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To: "ietf anti-spam research group" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
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Date: 06 Mar 2003 23:51:14 -0600

In <7695E2F6903F7A41961F8CF888D87EA809F01C37@red-msg-06.redmond.corp.microsoft.com> "Jonathan Wilkins" <jwilkins@microsoft.com> writes:

> The reason I've been so vocal about the RMX proposal is that
> I find it to be really objectionable since it requires a lot
> of effort from a lot of people for no particular gain.  It's 
> just another step in an arms race that has minimal long term
> benefits.

Well, I'm not certain what your definition of "a lot of effort" or "a
lot of people", but domain specific DNSBLs can be implemented very
easily.


Just for kicks, I've implemented a domain specific DNSBL for my
midwestcs.com domain.  To find out if the IP address is, in my
opinion, acceptable to send mail claiming to be from the midwestcs.com
domain, you need to use the smtp-out.midwestcs.com DNSBL.  That is, if
the IP address is w.x.y.z, you would query
z.y.x.w.smtp-out.midwestcs.com just like any other blacklist.  If it
returns 127.0.0.1, it should be rejected.  If the A record is not
found, it should be accepted.

I created this domain specific DNSBL by adding the following lines to
my zone file:

; default entry: reject
*.smtp-out      IN      A       127.0.0.1
; acceptable sending IP addresses
234.212.222.206.smtp-out        IN      CNAME   OK
237.212.222.206.smtp-out        IN      CNAME   OK
; just in case
OK      IN      TXT     OK


The next step is to use this black list.  Just because it was easy for
me, I hacked on SpamAssassin to check for domain specific DNSBLs.  I
did this by adding the following fuction to EvalTests.pm:

sub check_dsdnsbl {
  my ($self, $set) = @_;

  my $from = $self->get ('Reply-To:addr');
  if (!defined $from || $from !~ /\@\S+/) {
    $from = $self->get ('From:addr');
  }
  return 0 unless ($from =~ /\@(\S+)/);
  $from = $1;


  dbg ("checking domain specific DNSBL for $from", "rbl", -1);

  return check_rbl( $self, $set, "smtp-out.$from", 1 );
}


I also had to add the following to my local.cf file:

# check domain specific DNSBL
header RCVD_IN_DSDNSBL		rbleval:check_dsdnsbl('smtp-out')
describe RCVD_IN_DSDNSBL	Received via Domain Specific DNSBL of sender
tflags RCVD_IN_DSDNSBL          net
score RCVD_IN_DSDNSBL           1.0



Ok, as of tonight, anyone in the world can find out if an IP address
should be sending you email claiming they are from my domain, and any
domain in the world will be checked by me for the same thing.  This
isn't much, but it is a start.


I suspect it would be about as much work to add this check to a
sendmail.cf file, but about 10 years ago I decided that hacking on
sendmail.cf files was less fun than pounding my fingers with a
hammer.  Someone who enjoys this kind of thing would need to do that.

It shouldn't be hard to add this kind of check to any MTA that already
supports DNSBLs, such as exim.


Oh!  Before anyone adds the above code to their SpamAssassin, that my
copy of SA has fixes for the DNSBL checks.  SA's DNSBL checks are
pretty bogus because the check from the originating end of the receive
chain, which of course can be completely faked.  To the best of my
knowledge, this is still broken in the just released 2.50 version.


Anyway, consider this a "proof of concept".  I welcome any comments or
suggestions about it.


-wayne

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X-Sybari-Space: 00000000 00000000 00000000
From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
References: <E18r3pX-0000Jx-00@mail.nitros9.org>
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Alan DeKok wrote:
> "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:

>>Kee Hinckley wrote:

>>>I have to say that your stats certainly are up there.  Have you looked 
>>>at the incoming email at all?

>>We have.

>   I do owe Chris a big thanks for helping me analyze the spam traffic
> to my domain.  I simply didn't have the resources to do it on my own.

Y're welcome.

> Now that the filters are
> written, they don't help me, because my spam load has increased by 2-3
> orders of magnitude.

Alan, you simply have to recognize that _nothing_ anyone can come up 
with of a technical nature can help your situation short of everyone 
abandoning SMTP.  You're MANY standard deviations away from the mean.  A 
pathological worst case.

The value that your experience has lies in a different direction - the 
signpost for where we're all going if we cannot build solutions 
effective enough to severely discourage spammers before we all look like 
striker.  An early warning for what the death of SMTP email will look 
like if we can't get a handle on it _now_.

So, listen up people - striker is where we're all headed.  Technical 
solutions that either discourage spammers enough to cause a general 
reduction in volumes, or bandaid solutions that help us survive until 
legislative/social solutions finally kick in are what we need.  20% 
solutions are nice.  But short term.

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From: Michael Marking <marking@tatanka.com>
To: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] filtering at connect time
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 21:58:19 -0800 (PST)


-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1


> >There is a shovel in my yard, not locked up. If a person takes my shovel
> >without my permission, and uses it to kill another person, am I guilty?
> >I think not.
> >
> >Perhaps the open relays operators are negligent (or lazy or whatever),
> >but the theft is being committed by the spammers.
>
> The terms of art are 'contributory negligence' and 'attractive
> nuisance'.   If you leave your swimming pool unlocked, and a
> neighborhood child invites his friends over for a swim (without
> your permission) and someone drowns, YOU would definitely go to
> prison in most jurisdictions I know of.

Those are indeed terms of art, but they are misapplied here.

"Contributory negligence" is a defense made against a plaintiff,
alleging an act or omission amounting to want of ordinary care on
the part of the plaintiff. The term would only apply in a complaint
brought by the operator of the open relay against the spammer: the
law might reasonably excuse the spammer because the open relay
operator didn't take steps to close the relay. However, as a
victim of spam, I can't make a claim of contributory negligence
against an open relay operator, since contributory negligence is
an act of the plaintiff (which would be me, if I were to make
the complaint).

"Attractive nuisance" applies to an inherently dangerous or
hazardous object or condition of property that might be expected
to attract children to play or investigate. Common examples are
discarded appliances, construction sites, firearms, and swimming
pools. Basically, the doctrine assumes that a higher level of
care is required for an attractive nuisance. However, the doctrine
doesn't apply here because (1) we aren't talking about children,
(2) we aren't talking about injuries to trespassers (spammers),
and (3) we aren't talking about a nuisance.

"Nuisance" arises from unreasonable, unwarranted, or unlawful use
by a person of his own (or public) property. It is not the open
relay operators who use the relays in any unreasonable, unwarranted,
or unlawful fashion -- it is the spammers. Nuisance may also arise
if the property owner fails to perform some legal duty, but I'm
not aware of any laws requiring that relay operators close their
open relays.

The law doesn't necessarily condemn those who simply act immorally
or improperly. For example, there is no law against being generally
rude and not telling the truth, except in special circumstances.
There is also no law against operating an open relay. Therefore,
it is counterproductive to characterize behaviours as "illegal" when
they are not, because it might lead someone to believe complacently
(and without justification) that appropriate rights and remedies
already are in place. To the extent that such rights and remedies
don't already exist, that helps to prevent us from creating them.


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X-Sybari-Space: 00000000 00000000 00000000
From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] MTP drafty
References: <20030305034949.GA14655@main.templetons.com> <E18qMLs-0003Of-00@mail.nitros9.org> <20030305052842.GJ14655@main.templetons.com> <p06000927ba8bdb82b9e0@[192.168.1.104]>
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Kee Hinckley wrote:
 > But last summer I turned on a
> domain that had been offline for two years and got 400 messages in 4 
> hours.  20% from legitimate companies who had apparently been ignoring 
> bounces for two years.

As a similar but more extreme example.  2 years ago we shut down several 
old domains.  They were receiving 20,000 spams/day at the time, 
virtually zero legit email.

A few months ago I turned them back on.  800,000 spams/day after 18+ 
months of 100% undeliverable.  40-fold increase.  Ouch!

[And of course several semi-legitimate bulk mailers who don't check 
bounces either.]




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To: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>
cc: ietf anti-spam research group <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 20:11:34 -0800 (PST)

How is this going to work for asrg@ietf.org email?

Lets say I run this code to check your dnsbl. Now you send email to asrg, 
responding to this post, my MTA receives it and goes to your domain 
specific dnsbl, it sees that you support it and checks ip address of the 
ietf mail server and that ip is not in your dnsbl, so your email is rejected.
(Damn, And I really wanted to read your reply! :)

On 6 Mar 2003, wayne wrote:

> In <7695E2F6903F7A41961F8CF888D87EA809F01C37@red-msg-06.redmond.corp.microsoft.com> "Jonathan Wilkins" <jwilkins@microsoft.com> writes:
> 
> > The reason I've been so vocal about the RMX proposal is that
> > I find it to be really objectionable since it requires a lot
> > of effort from a lot of people for no particular gain.  It's 
> > just another step in an arms race that has minimal long term
> > benefits.
> 
> Well, I'm not certain what your definition of "a lot of effort" or "a
> lot of people", but domain specific DNSBLs can be implemented very
> easily.
> 
> 
> Just for kicks, I've implemented a domain specific DNSBL for my
> midwestcs.com domain.  To find out if the IP address is, in my
> opinion, acceptable to send mail claiming to be from the midwestcs.com
> domain, you need to use the smtp-out.midwestcs.com DNSBL.  That is, if
> the IP address is w.x.y.z, you would query
> z.y.x.w.smtp-out.midwestcs.com just like any other blacklist.  If it
> returns 127.0.0.1, it should be rejected.  If the A record is not
> found, it should be accepted.
> 
> I created this domain specific DNSBL by adding the following lines to
> my zone file:
> 
> ; default entry: reject
> *.smtp-out      IN      A       127.0.0.1
> ; acceptable sending IP addresses
> 234.212.222.206.smtp-out        IN      CNAME   OK
> 237.212.222.206.smtp-out        IN      CNAME   OK
> ; just in case
> OK      IN      TXT     OK
> 
> 
> The next step is to use this black list.  Just because it was easy for
> me, I hacked on SpamAssassin to check for domain specific DNSBLs.  I
> did this by adding the following fuction to EvalTests.pm:
> 
> sub check_dsdnsbl {
>   my ($self, $set) = @_;
> 
>   my $from = $self->get ('Reply-To:addr');
>   if (!defined $from || $from !~ /\@\S+/) {
>     $from = $self->get ('From:addr');
>   }
>   return 0 unless ($from =~ /\@(\S+)/);
>   $from = $1;
> 
> 
>   dbg ("checking domain specific DNSBL for $from", "rbl", -1);
> 
>   return check_rbl( $self, $set, "smtp-out.$from", 1 );
> }
> 
> 
> I also had to add the following to my local.cf file:
> 
> # check domain specific DNSBL
> header RCVD_IN_DSDNSBL		rbleval:check_dsdnsbl('smtp-out')
> describe RCVD_IN_DSDNSBL	Received via Domain Specific DNSBL of sender
> tflags RCVD_IN_DSDNSBL          net
> score RCVD_IN_DSDNSBL           1.0
> 
> 
> 
> Ok, as of tonight, anyone in the world can find out if an IP address
> should be sending you email claiming they are from my domain, and any
> domain in the world will be checked by me for the same thing.  This
> isn't much, but it is a start.
> 
> 
> I suspect it would be about as much work to add this check to a
> sendmail.cf file, but about 10 years ago I decided that hacking on
> sendmail.cf files was less fun than pounding my fingers with a
> hammer.  Someone who enjoys this kind of thing would need to do that.
> 
> It shouldn't be hard to add this kind of check to any MTA that already
> supports DNSBLs, such as exim.
> 
> 
> Oh!  Before anyone adds the above code to their SpamAssassin, that my
> copy of SA has fixes for the DNSBL checks.  SA's DNSBL checks are
> pretty bogus because the check from the originating end of the receive
> chain, which of course can be completely faked.  To the best of my
> knowledge, this is still broken in the just released 2.50 version.
> 
> 
> Anyway, consider this a "proof of concept".  I welcome any comments or
> suggestions about it.
> 
> 
> -wayne
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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To: Nate W <asrg@natew.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 23:04:10 -0500

At 3:51 PM -0800 3/6/03, Nate W wrote:
>  > The other problem with challenge/response systems is that there's a
>>  missing link in the interface.
>>
>>  I go to a web site and purchase something.  They send me an email
>>  receipt.  How exactly are they going to automatically get through my
>>  challenge response?
>
>Sometimes I whitelist the domain beforehand, most times I just check the
>'holding pen' folder for a message from the merchant some time later.

The question is not how we do it.  But how someone's grandmother is 
going to do it.  There is no interface.  It's an error-prone and 
manual process.  It also completely fails when a company changes it's 
name, or when the primary domain is not the same as the particular 
store you shopped at.

One can certainly imagine standards to deal with this problem. 
Browser plugins, special URLs....

But fundamentally whitelisting fails without authentication.

In fact, I just got one such.  A social engineering paypal theft 
scam.  Mail from Canada, with a form that submits to Rusia, which 
then sends the email to Florida.  Fortunately it fails a trivial 
header check.

>Return-Path: <2et8t2n@linenoise.net>
>Received: from 24.222.182.119 ([24.222.182.119] verified)
>   by somewhere.com (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 3.5.7)
>   with SMTP id 2086244 for xxxx; Thu, 06 Mar 2003 17:08:43 -0500
>Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 18:19:51 -0600
>From: info@paypal.com
>To: xxx
>Subject: Your PayPal account is Limited.
>Mime-Version: 1.0
>Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii
>Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
>X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200
>Message-ID: 3372C50E-CC148FC-1695607-1D543072-4C9F48EE@paypal.com


-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Locked addresses (was Do we need to do anything?
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 00:59:53 -0500

At 9:11 PM -0500 3/6/03, David F. Skoll wrote:
>Ah.  This is solved by having different classes of addresses.

You then describe an incredibly complex scheme whereby I am unable to 
send anyone email unless I have with me a piece of software which 
knows where I am, how I am currently able to communicate with 
everyone, and which address is appropriate to use under the current 
circumstances.  It requires that I upgrade every single MUA in the 
world that I might possibly use, whether it be my PDA, my computer at 
home, my computer at work, the kiosk in a shopping mall or the phone 
on the airplane.  It makes it virtually impossible to even manage 
addresses on *paper*, let alone in my head.

>tries to email you from a Yahoo account, it will bounce.  Well, too bad.

Explain that last sentence to the guy in customer support at your 
company who has to deal with the complaints.


>"rose@artandframingsolutions.com", period.  She can keep that address
>in her address book, and it will work just fine.

And when she's at my house sending email from the Audrey in my kitchen?

>Time-locked addresses are what you post in newsgroups.  They accept mail
>from anyone, but only for a very limited time.

Which negates one of the great things about newsgroups--they are 
archived.  Last month I got email from someone asking about a piece 
of software I wrote ten years ago.

>Locked-addresses require no MUA changes.  All of the magic can be
>implemented on the server.

Let's see.  They destroy my ability to filter incoming email based on 
the address (mail to webmaster@xxx goes here, mail to postmaster at 
xxx goes there).  They destroy my ability to reply to email on a 
laptop from different locations.  And (here's a fun one), when I move 
to a new company, I can no longer reply to any of the messages in my 
inbox!


Please keep in mind, when making proposals, that the average user has 
absolutely no idea how the email system works.  It's magic.  They 
don't understand even something as simple as what a bounce means (let 
alone how to read it).  If you work very hard you can try and make 
analogies with the post office and they will begin to get it.  When 
you start talking about transient addresses and throw-away identities 
you might as well be talking in Martian.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Date: 07 Mar 2003 00:11:53 -0600

In <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303062006490.2191-100000@sokol.elan.net> william@elan.net writes:

> How is this going to work for asrg@ietf.org email?
> 
> Lets say I run this code to check your dnsbl. Now you send email to asrg, 
> responding to this post, my MTA receives it and goes to your domain 
> specific dnsbl, it sees that you support it and checks ip address of the 
> ietf mail server and that ip is not in your dnsbl, so your email is rejected.

Ah, the email that you are replying to didn't come from my domain, it
came from ietf.org and and a From_ address of asrg@ietf.org.  If you
had implemented the check, you would have found that ietf.org doesn't
have a domain specific blacklist, and therefore you should accept
email from asrg@ietf.org.

My message to the ASRG list was received by my machine just fine.


> (Damn, And I really wanted to read your reply! :)

Yeah, sure you did.  ;->


-wayne


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Vernon Schryver wrote:
>>Most spammers don't care about rejects.  They really don't.

>>Really.  Truly.

> Certainly "many" spammers don't care about rejects, but "most" is
> not supported by the evidence.  It's possible that most spammer
> don't care about rejects, but unless you have numbers, let's please
> limit the over generalizations.

Okay: Over a 18 month period of which a domain was completely de-MXed, 
and 100% failures, the amount of spam going to it went from 20,000/day 
to 800,000/day.  A 40 fold increase.  While that doesn't necessarily say 
  whether it's "most" rather than "many", a 40-fold increase suggests 
that if it's not "most", it's a whole heck of a lot.

"Millions CDs" tend not to remember NDRs too well.

> As I keep saying, there are only a few serious spammers, but they
> are quite varied.

I agree with you on that point.  In fact, considerably fewer "serious 
spammers" than you mentioned in another email.

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From: "Shannon Jacobs" <shanen@yamato.ibm.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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My general reaction to this discussion is great idea, right people, wrong
medium. The volume of email in this discussion is simply overwhelming, and I
am unable to participate. Even in digest form there would be far too much
raw data to read within my available time. The anti-spam topic is simply TOO
hot for an open mailing list.

Trace the logical chain. MILLIONS of people hate email spam. If only a tiny
percentage wind up participating here... Well, there are already hundreds of
messages per day. Actually an obvious consequence of the harm the spammers
do.

In parting, I am going to emphasize the crucial point, and offer a few more
reactions to the comments on this particular tiny part of the discussion.
I'm not attempting to belittle any of the other parts of the discussion, but
they are too wide ranging and voluminous for me to deal with them, and I
still think the economic model is the fundamental problem and it MUST be
addressed or the problem will NEVER be solved. Perhaps it can't be?
Nevertheless, the critical point:

There is NO free lunch. Email is NOT a free lunch and cannot be a free
lunch. Any free lunch economic model is DOOMED.

After posting this message, I'll be unsubscribing from this very interesting
mailing list. I hope anyone responding to my comments will be kind enough to
send me a courtesy copy via email (and I apologize for not finding and
taking the time to do so with each of the replies to my earlier messages,
but that would make the volume problem worse, and in addition our
circumstances are reversed--I think y'all are continuing to read this
mailing list, while I am not). I would also appreciate a pointer/URL to any
final report or digestive Web site, though I rather despair of finding any
consensus opinions or universal countermeasures--except that there is
already a perfect consensus that we ALL hate spam email.

Replies:

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Keith Moore wrote:
>> The last part is just plain wrong. Different messages do have
>> different values, including different economic values. Legitimate
>> businesses also want to advertise, and they want to spend their
>> advertising money effectively.
>
> There is no such thing as a business that has a legitimate right to
> spam. IBM has no more right to spam me than the guy selling *****
> enlargement devices, and I don't care how much either one is willing
> to spend to do so.  And any financial barrier that would be
> sufficient to deter IBM from spamming me is going to be more than
> enough to keep a friend of mine (perhaps one I don't know yet) from
> sending me mail.  And a barrier that keeps me from receiving such mail
> is a lost opportunity for which money won't compensate.

( Taking IBM as an arbitrary example,) IBM is a legitimate company, and they
do NOT spam now, even though there is currently NO economic barrier to doing
so. Your comment is specious.

Legitimate companies often use some email as one of the channels of
communication with their customers, under the full control of the customers.
They do not transmit any personal information to other companies, and they
do not send any email to anyone who has said not to send it. The default
case is that their email is limited to replying to YOUR email.

[P.S. Obviously I do not speak in any way for IBM, though I do work for a
subsidiary of a subsidiary.]

<snip>
> The real cost is in distraction.  It's hard to have a useful
> discussion if you keep getting interrupted, even if they pay you to
> do so.  And no, my attention is not for sale, at least not that way.
> Life is too short.

You mostly make my point. Unless you can outlaw ALL advertising, someone is
going to seek your attention. Would it not be better to control at least the
email part of it up front, and tell them exactly how much it will cost them
to get a slice of your attention? Of course, you could just take their money
and toss their email, but legitimate companies will (of course) respond by
redirecting their advertising budgets into more effective channels.

>> So what's wrong with that? These are LEGITIMATE businesses selling
>> real products to real customers.
>
> NO. They're spammers.  They deserve the same punishment as any other
> spammers (perhaps worse - there's nothing so arrogant as someone who
> thinks that money gives them the right to disturb you.)

Repeating a specious point does not make it valid. Or do you wish to develop
an argument somehow equating "arrogance" with "operating a legitimate
business"? If so, the world seems to be VERY full of arrogance.

-----------------------------------------------------------

Mr. Eric S. Johansson in his message covered many points that I agree with.
He did raise a new point about combining white lists with prepaid email in
the context of allowing mailing list email to be delivered for free. I think
this is not a good combination for the following reasons:

1. The email is still not free.
2. Spammers will try to impersonate valid addresses.
3. Spammers will try to spam from inside of mailing lists.
4. Spammers will try endless new variations to try to exploit any "free"
system. Numbers 2 and 3 were just the first to come to my mind, but let's
just call it "spammer mentality disease" and stop trying to list all the
limitless possibilities.

I think the better solution would be to use a specific free email address
for each mailing list you use. If that free email address is spamified, you
would get a fresh one, abandon the spammed one, and rejoin the mailing list
with the new email address. Alternately, some mailing lists might WANT to
require postage as a barrier to excessive participation.

--------------------------------------------------

Brad Templeton wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 05, 2003 at 11:47:33AM -0500, Eric S. Johansson wrote: <snip>
> So effectively it is a precondition that people are bouncing
> (postage-due) your mail.   And some people would be willing to do
> that, but I'm not.
>
> The reason is, that if I sent you a mail where I thought I was doing
> you a favour with the mail (and this is true in much of the mail I
> send to strangers, and I got back a note that said:
>
> I will not read your mail until you:
> a) Get some new software for your MUA or a whole new MUA
> b) Mail me the magic token from that software
> c) (with real money) pay money to get that token
>
> Well, my answer would be to say screw you.  I try to send you
> a message as a courtesy to you, or just to reply to a message you
> posted to a mailing list, and I get back a demand like this?  I am
> going to leave it in the dust.

Gee, your "courtesy" defense sounds exactly like what the spammers say in
defense of their actions, and I actually (and desperately) WANT the spammers
to say "screw you" and drop my email address. However, just because I want
it desperately doesn't mean the spammers will cooperate.
<snip>

> Now, stamps -- if they could be deployed everywhere by fiat -- do in
> fact have that attribute.  That's why I was one of their earliest
> advocates in the unix community.  The problem remains in the
> deployment.

Actually, the charges are already deployed everywhere, no fiat required. The
fundamental problem is that they are hidden. The deployment of postage paid
email can be purely elective, and if you really have something important to
say to me, then you'll be willing to risk your five cents to say it. If your
message is worth nothing to you, why should you insist that it is worth
something to me? Oh, I forgot. You think you are doing me a favor. But
that's what ALL the spammers say.

I actually think the postage should be done with several tiers, all
controlled by the recipient of the email. One tier would be a minimum
postage rate, but still not free. This tier would be bound to a white list,
but it would still be unattractive to mindless mass spammers, even if the
minimum postage rate was 5 cents. The presence of real money requiring a
real identity would effectively prevent the spammers from using hit-and-run
tactics.

Another tier would be much higher, and intended for the use of legitimate
advertisers, as mediated by the email service providers. Essentially, you
would control how much of your information could be used in marketing email
access to you. If you trust the email service provider enough, you could
provide more personal information, and they would not need to reveal
anything personal about you, though the value of the access could go WAY up.
The user should have FULL control, for example to say "absolutely no
insurance ads" or "maximize my email advertising revenue" or "$10 for any
car advertisement but $5 for Toyota ads" or any combination. Of course, no
ads at all would also be an option.

As a concrete example, you might want to find a new apartment in a
particular area, and in that case you might well be willing to allow
realtors in that area to send you email at a fairly low rate--and they would
probably be eager to do so, while your email service provider would be
assuring them that you don't do this every week just to get the money. The
initial transaction can be handled securely and confidentially on both
sides--they don't need to know who you are unless you decide they have an
apartment you want to see.

>>    f) I'm not sure I understand the virus problem.  I'll take a look
>>    at your paper and see if it gives a better explanation.
>
> This applies only if real money is involved.  Any system which allows
> your computer to spend a small amount of money (like 50 cents) in
> an irrepudiable way without getting your consent is a prime target
> for a virus writer, who would get millions of such stamps mailed to
> his throwaway account in the caymans.
>
> You can fix this if the stamps are repudiable, but you need to stop
> the spammers from repudiating theirs.

Ah, now I see what you are thinking of, but I disagree that this is a new
problem or that it is difficult to solve. However, this is not a spam
problem per se, but this is part of the general problem of real commerce on
the Web. Therefore I'm going to word the response in terms of "scammer" and
"scam" rather than "spammer" and "spam". That they are so often the same
people is not directly relevant...

If the encryption remains secure and a scammer cannot counterfeit new
postage, there are two basic scenarios here, server-side and client-side
postage. If the postage is held on the server until it is used, then this
reduces to the current situation, for example with credit cards. The
security of the server is the responsibility of the company running the
server, and that includes preventing anyone from impersonating legitimate
customers. As with credit cards, the customers are guaranteed against
liability if that company allows a security attack to succeed.

The other option is that the postage is transferred to the user. For
example, the company issuing the postage could create encrypted postage as
text lines that the sender can paste into the email using any existing email
program. In that case, there is a theoretical risk, but I think the real
probability is just too small to worry about. The scammer would have to hack
into and gain control of a large number of computers, each of which only has
a small amount of postage. To prepare for the timely execution of the scam
would require leaving trojans on a large number of systems, which would
surely lead to detection. Alternately, if the scammer copied the postage to
his own system for the delayed attack, then he would still be detected
because much of the postage would have become invalid, so his scam would
trigger a very large number of alarms as he tried to send the messages.

In both cases, there is a money laundering operation for the authorities to
target for prosecution. Also clarifying the situation is the fact that there
is no question but that this is all illegal. The police are mostly well
prepared to deal with crime, even such white collar crime.

However, on balance I think it would be best to use a server-side solution,
so that when postage was actually required you would have to be logged into
a secure session and approve the use of the postage. For convenience, it
might be best to remain in the secure session all the time you are handling
your email, though the free and open competition will determine the best
systems. For example, another implementation might handle the postage in the
background of a regular POP client, but send you a confirmation email when
postage was required. Clicking on that link could then pop up a secure
window for your postage password (as required for the still spooled
message).

--------------------------------------------------------

Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 5:29 PM -0800 3/5/03, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>> there. He wrote a challenge/response authentication callback
>> loop back in 1992 for the COMLINK mailer that we used to
>> publish the Clinton/Gore '92 (and the other candidates who made
>> it available) campaign literature on the Internet.
>
> The other problem with challenge/response systems is that there's a
> missing link in the interface.
>
> I go to a web site and purchase something.  They send me an email
> receipt.  How exactly are they going to automatically get through my
> challenge response?  And don't say "you should have whitelisted
> them."  J. Random User is not going to do it unless it's as simple as
> hitting a single button.  Not to mention the question of "whitelist
> what?"  Their sales address?  Their support address?  Their domain?
> And using what authentication system?

I'm having a bit of trouble understanding this objection. Why shouldn't they
pay the cost of delivering the receipt as part of their cost of doing
business? Still much cheaper than a snail mail confirmation, but the smart
companies will probably try to bundle the entire thing into some kind of
deal to link their customers more closely to the company. For example,
they'd give you a block of postage as a "benefit" of buying from them, and
receive postage from that company on the other side of the coin. It would be
subject to abuse except that all the other companies could (and probably
will) do it, too.

---------------------------------------

Nate W wrote:
> On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>
>> I don't think that the response loop idea is acceptable as a general
>> solution. In my view it should only be used as a last resort if
>> a mailer has exhausted every other means of authenticating the
>> sender. That means SSL, S/MIME and PGP. Nobody should be using
>> intrusive means of authentication when there are non-intrusive
>> options available.
>
> How intrusive is it for a person to expect all correspondents to use
> S/MIME or PGP authentication?  Most of the people I correspond with
> don't even know what those are, let alone know how to use them.
>
> My inbox is presently guarded by an autoresponder that sends and
> receives return-address confirmation requests via SMTP.  One might
> say that, in effect, I consent to receive email from people who use
> (and monitor) the "From" address that they use.  While not
> technically elegant, this method is widely implemented and pretty
> well understood.
>
> I'd love to replace it with something less intrusive, but I don't
> think it's really my decision.  Rather, the decision lies in the
> hands of all the people with whom I correspond.
<snip>

Though this system has the advantage of relative transparency, it is not
very efficient, as you mentioned in the part I snipped for brevity. Even for
legitimate messages, you require three email messages to deliver the first
one. The efficiency isn't too bad if you then add that legitimate sender to
a white list. (You focused on the tripling of the spam messages by the
autoresponse and bounce.) Though I'm not using such a system now, maybe I
should...

However, it is still subject to address pairing abuses. In one form, the
spammer manages to link your email address to another address that is on
your white list, and then sends you email that claims to be from that
address. A more insidious form would involve using a macro virus that sends
his spam through one of your white-listed friends who just clicked on the
wrong attachment.

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Vernon Schryver wrote:
>>From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
> 
> 
> 
>>>I guess I shouldn't have used the V-word when talking about spam on
>>>the IRTF's mailing list about spam.
>>
>>>sheesh!--talk about utterly lame and misguided spam filters.
>>
>>But in the case of the V word, it works. ...

> I wonder if you'd say that if your employer were in the drug industry.

Of course not.  So?  I'd simply not deploy such a filter.

Until the IETF has WGs on pharmaceuticals, I don't think we need to 
worry about the IETF's filtering in this regard.

>>IETF mailing lists are particularly prone to high volumes of spam. I for 
>>one am particularly glad that they're moving to filters.  Takes a _huge_ 
>>load of end-user complaints off _my_ head, as well as those of my 
>>colleagues running IETF mailing lists of their own.

> There are other things the IETF lists should do instead.  To start,
> they should rejectm mail with MIME content headers declaring mail is
> not English, and specifically reject JP, KR, and GB character sets.

The IETF has no foreign language special interest groups?  Like on 
character sets and internationalization?  It would be as dumb as a 
pharmaceutical company banning the V word.

> They should probably also reject any MIME multipart mail,

That would annoy the Mime, multimedia and other specialized WGs would it 
not?

> I think they should also use the DCC to reject all bulk mail, but
> that's probably only my bias speaking.

That's a _much_ better idea than banning specific character sets or mime.

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Vernon Schryver wrote:

>>  With the spam volume Chris Lewis is saying Nortel gets, I'd be
>>surprised if their infrastructure costs were less than $100K.
>>Large companies can afford that.  Small ones can't.

> No, filtering is cheap even if you use Perl schemes
> such as SPamAssassin and it's almost invisible with others.

If you have a large scale industrial strength email infrastructure with 
7x24 support, failover, backups, redundancy et. al., the hardware and 
software costs tends to be lost in the noise - support is the 
predominant cost.  Our filtering probably consumes about 3 full-time 
equivalents in FP handling/whitelisting/tuning/planning/networking 
support and operations alone.

It's also on separate hardware to simplify things and permit us to 
firewall off the real MTAs.  Relatively cheap hardware. Supplying it 
with 7x24 machine room/OS support costs a lot more than the hardware.

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To: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>
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Subject: Re: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 20:41:51 -0800 (PST)

Ok, you're right - ietf are good with technology and set FROM in the mail 
transmission to mailing list (which actually causes some spam filters to 
think email is forged), but there are mail lists and forwarding systems 
that do not do this and set FROM to the original sender. 

On 7 Mar 2003, wayne wrote:

> In <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303062006490.2191-100000@sokol.elan.net> william@elan.net writes:
> 
> > How is this going to work for asrg@ietf.org email?
> > 
> > Lets say I run this code to check your dnsbl. Now you send email to asrg, 
> > responding to this post, my MTA receives it and goes to your domain 
> > specific dnsbl, it sees that you support it and checks ip address of the 
> > ietf mail server and that ip is not in your dnsbl, so your email is rejected.
> 
> Ah, the email that you are replying to didn't come from my domain, it
> came from ietf.org and and a From_ address of asrg@ietf.org.  If you
> had implemented the check, you would have found that ietf.org doesn't
> have a domain specific blacklist, and therefore you should accept
> email from asrg@ietf.org.
> 
> My message to the ASRG list was received by my machine just fine.
> 
> 
> > (Damn, And I really wanted to read your reply! :)
> 
> Yeah, sure you did.  ;->
> 
> 
> -wayne
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Subject: Re: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world) (fwd)
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 20:52:45 -0800 (PST)

(Sorry last email got set before I finished...)

Ok, you're right - ietf are good with technology and set FROM in the mail 
transmission to mailing list (which actually causes some spam filters to 
think email is forged), but there are mail lists and forwarding systems 
that do not do this and set FROM to the original sender. 

My point is that the spammer would just need to use different FROM address 
during email delivery and different "From" in the header and majority of 
those sending anti-spam reports would use "From" in the header for their
report so they would still think somebody is forging email from your domain.

So to deal with all that I end up having to setup filter to block email 
that has different transmission from and header from, which happens for 
all mailing lists setup to properly forward emails from you, and I have to 
whitelist these mailing lists anyway to accept email and those that do not 
incert mailing list into from and keep yours, I'd have whitelist as well. 
Well, this works fine for private system, but for ISP it becomes harder 
to keep up with all its users' mailing lists.

On 7 Mar 2003, wayne wrote:

> In <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303062006490.2191-100000@sokol.elan.net> william@elan.net writes:
> 
> > How is this going to work for asrg@ietf.org email?
> > 
> > Lets say I run this code to check your dnsbl. Now you send email to asrg, 
> > responding to this post, my MTA receives it and goes to your domain 
> > specific dnsbl, it sees that you support it and checks ip address of the 
> > ietf mail server and that ip is not in your dnsbl, so your email is rejected.
> 
> Ah, the email that you are replying to didn't come from my domain, it
> came from ietf.org and and a From_ address of asrg@ietf.org.  If you
> had implemented the check, you would have found that ietf.org doesn't
> have a domain specific blacklist, and therefore you should accept
> email from asrg@ietf.org.
> 
> My message to the ASRG list was received by my machine just fine.
> 
> 
> > (Damn, And I really wanted to read your reply! :)
> 
> Yeah, sure you did.  ;->
> 
> 
> -wayne
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


_______________________________________________
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 00:22:16 -0500

(multiple replies)

At 12:05 PM -0800 3/6/03, william@elan.net wrote:
>But from "make spammer suffer" view - if spammer has to do 100 failed
>attempts to get 1 successfull one and even there he does not know if
>email will ever reach a recepient or if it may just go through alarm
>making it harder for him to send even more messages, then its all working
>in our favor.

I seriously doubt that spammers reach 1 in 100 even now.  As you say, 
disk space and processing time are cheap.  And since the spammer is 
leveraging thousands of machines, they are cheaper for him than the 
recipient.  1 in 100, 1 in 1000, 1 in 10,000.  What does he care?  If 
you win that war, it will only be because you destroyed the network.

Our goal here is not to "make the spammer suffer".  This isn't about 
retribution.  It's about creating an environment in which we can 
sanely communicate.

At 4:51 PM -0500 3/6/03, Chris Lewis wrote:
>Yeah - to reiterate a comment that may have been lost: even tho 
>Allan is on "high speed", he can no longer afford to even just 
>reject connections at the TCP/IP layer. IIRC, he quoted something 
>like 330Mb of NACKs per _day_.  Yow.

Absolutely.  At the current rate of spam increase I'll have to move 
my server off of DSL sometime next year just to deal with the bounces.

At 5:18 PM -0500 3/6/03, Jim Youll wrote:
>As a server operator for several domains, I don't know that life would be made

I said ISP.  Not domain operator.  For some ISPs bounces are already 
such a big problem that they are interfering with normal email 
processing.

>"hell" by it. Spammers can send a finite number of messages, there 
>IS a point of economic breakdown. As things stand now it seems to 
>matter little whether

What is that point?  I know the necessary numbers were presented at 
the MIT Spam Conference but I didn't note them.  Anyone care to 
estimate at what point the return becomes so small that spammers lose 
money?  Obviously it depends on what you're selling.  The Nigerian 
schemes can afford to send messages for a very long time, given that 
their return is sometimes in the millions of dollars.

>Finally, if the same care is taken with these addresses as with the 
>addresses we use now (I think I must be reachable by at least 15-30 
>addresses right now), then the rate of turnover need not be 
>excruciatingly high... further, a

You talk about turnover as though it were acceptable.  Do you move 
your house every year?  Do you change your name?  What is the 
acceptable rate of turnover for the address "kee@hinckley.com"?  How 
about "support@example.com"?  Do you want every user to have to go 
the website of every company they do business with every time in 
order to find out what the current support address is?  What about 
this mailing list?

>1:1 mapping that allows tracking of a leaked address to its source 
>introduces the possibility of enforcement of all manner of penalties 
>against the transgressor... so I don't think this approach would 
>lead to an explosion of inbound spam, not at all.

And how do you determine the transgressor for the address you posted 
to the web or put on your business card or that was forwarded from 
your mother's address book by a virus?  We're back to authentication 
again.  And if you have authentication, you don't need disposal email 
addresses.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Well Mike I must respectfully disagree with you, and in due course
the courts will settle the matter.  However for the group I beg to
elaborate a bit on your statements.  Please see inline comments.

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003 21:58:19 -0800 (PST), Michael Marking wrote:
>-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
>Hash: SHA1
[here Jeffrey Race wrote]
>> >There is a shovel in my yard, not locked up. If a person takes my shovel
>> >without my permission, and uses it to kill another person, am I guilty?
>> >I think not.
>> >
>> >Perhaps the open relays operators are negligent (or lazy or whatever),
>> >but the theft is being committed by the spammers.
>>
>> The terms of art are 'contributory negligence' and 'attractive
>> nuisance'.   If you leave your swimming pool unlocked, and a
>> neighborhood child invites his friends over for a swim (without
>> your permission) and someone drowns, YOU would definitely go to
>> prison in most jurisdictions I know of.
>
>Those are indeed terms of art, but they are misapplied here.
>
>"Contributory negligence" is a defense made against a plaintiff,
>alleging an act or omission amounting to want of ordinary care on
>the part of the plaintiff. The term would only apply in a complaint
>brought by the operator of the open relay against the spammer: the
>law might reasonably excuse the spammer because the open relay
>operator didn't take steps to close the relay. However, as a
>victim of spam, I can't make a claim of contributory negligence
>against an open relay operator, since contributory negligence is
>an act of the plaintiff (which would be me, if I were to make
>the complaint).

I agree with everything you say but it is not the whole story.
A court could use this doctrine in a case of operator vs spammer
(and there are some like this now in litigation) to clarify that
the operator was negligent in the operation of his property. I
just want to make the point that a spammer can't (easily) use
a mail server that is rightly configured, and a court would certainly
look at this.


>
>"Attractive nuisance" applies to an inherently dangerous or
>hazardous object or condition of property that might be expected
>to attract children to play or investigate.

But not just that, and not just children.   It could apply to anything
which could be used to injure others such as an unlocked car with key
in the ignition, or a mail server not password-protected which was
hijacked and used to steal medical records, or to crash a hospital's
mission-critical computer system, causing death or injury.

 Common examples are
>discarded appliances, construction sites, firearms, and swimming
>pools. Basically, the doctrine assumes that a higher level of
>care is required for an attractive nuisance. However, the doctrine
>doesn't apply here because (1) we aren't talking about children,

Doesn't have to be children

>(2) we aren't talking about injuries to trespassers (spammers),

I'm talking about injuries to mail servers or the attached processing
units and databases

>and (3) we aren't talking about a nuisance.>
>"Nuisance" arises from unreasonable, unwarranted, or unlawful use
>by a person of his own (or public) property. 

Unreasonable: the court would look to see whether leaving a mail server (or
proxy) open is reasonable in the engineering context of the fact
that securing it is trivial, just as locking your car door is 
trivial.  The court would weigh the burden on the owner of the property
to secure it against the damage its abuse caused in the case in dispute.

 If cost = zero
    damage = millions

it is not a hard decision

It is not the open
>relay operators who use the relays in any unreasonable,

Yes they do as above.

 unwarranted,
>or unlawful fashion -- it is the spammers. Nuisance may also arise
>if the property owner fails to perform some legal duty, but I'm
>not aware of any laws requiring that relay operators close their
>open relays.

True, it is a common-law tort issue
>
>The law doesn't necessarily condemn those who simply act immorally
>or improperly. For example, there is no law against being generally
>rude and not telling the truth, except in special circumstances.
>There is also no law against operating an open relay. Therefore,
>it is counterproductive to characterize behaviours as "illegal" when
>they are not,

Nobody characterized an open relay or proxy as illegal, only as
(when abused) tortious in the present facts, which is that the damage
caused is extensive and the owner's preventive measure trivial and costless.

 because it might lead someone to believe complacently
>(and without justification) that appropriate rights and remedies
>already are in place. To the extent that such rights and remedies
>don't already exist, that helps to prevent us from creating them.
>
>
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>


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Date: 07 Mar 2003 01:07:51 -0600


In <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303062045140.2191-100000@sokol.elan.net> william@elan.net writes:

> [ ...]

You raise several good points about the problems that authenticating
email claiming from being from a certain domain and coming from a
certain IP address causes.  I will have to think about them a little
bit, but it is too late tonight to do it right now.

I'm not really sure if this kind of thing is that useful.  However,
most of the reasons that have been given so far against RMX or domain
specific DNSBLs seem bogus to me.  (Such as the claims that it would
be hard to do, or being DNS based means it can't be done, or that I
should not be allowed to ask people to not accept email claiming to be
from me that aren't from my machines.)


This *IS* an idea that can be easily set up and tested and that seems
to me to be something that a research group should be interested in.


-wayne

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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
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Subject: [Asrg] ** RESEND **   Abstract of  proposed Internet Draft for Best Current Practice (please comment)
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 14:08:39 +0700
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Gremlins in the bitbucket?  Some correspondents advise not receiving
my first post via ASRG so I repost here.   Apologies to anyone who
sees it twice.  Full text of proposed BCP at 
<http://www.camblab.com/misc/univ_std.txt>

Jeffrey Race

==================BEGIN FORWARDED MESSAGE==================

Interested parties are invited to provide comments to correct, elaborate 
or perfect my proposal, abstracted below, which I plan to offer as an 
Internet Draft momentarily. 

Thanks for all help.

                               D_R_A_F_T 
      BEST CURRENT PRACTICE FOR DUTY OF CARE OF INTERNET RESOURCES
       Pre-release version 1.33    Draft date: March 5, 2003
           Drafted by Jeffrey Race   <jrace[at]attglobal.net>

            Current draft version (4,000 words) available at 
              <http://www.camblab.com/misc/univ_std.txt>

                  ABSTRACT (long form, not per RFC2223)

This document defines a Best Current Practice to minimize pollution of 
the Internet by various types of abuse, using the community's own 
measures in the absence of effective legal, regulatory and technical 
measures.

The Internet's design and management were predicated on voluntary 
cooperation, self-imposed good behavior, and the non-profit 
motivational structure of participants extant at its inception.  
Current experience of constantly rising pollution invalidates these 
formative assumptions and demands prompt and effective curative 
measures.   

Present anti-pollution measures fall under four generic headings: 
(1) self-directed good behavior; (2) legal sanctions  (3) passive 
ingress-control measures (principally filtering) and (4) active
egress-control measures (principally blocklisting) intended to 
modify the behavior of polluters and enablers.  The first three have 
definitively failed and will continue to fail for reasons specified in 
the document.  The fourth is generally completely effective in warding 
off ingress of pollution and frequently results in reforming abuse 
enablers, but it has two major shortcomings: limited uptake due to fear
of loss of competitive market position by early adopters, and sustained
transmission outages ("collateral damage").

In view of the failure of (1), (2) and (3) and the effectiveness despite 
shortcomings of (4), the document proposes to apply to the Internet the 
same rules society applies to all other resources to deter antisocial 
behavior viz. proper behavior requires clear published standards, 
standards entail accountability, accountability entails multiple modes
of enforceability, and enforceability entails traceability.  The 
document details procedures and implementing mechanisms of behavior 
modification, using the only proven effective method: withdrawal 
of internet resources of identity and connectivity.  Numerous tests have
shown this sanction to work equally well against both the wilful and the 
negligent to halt pollution immediately, where prior efforts at polite 
persuasion to follow best practice were ignored with impunity. 

The proposal thus innovates in three respects to halt Internet pollution:

 (1) It makes explicit that every custodian of internet resources is 
     responsible for preventing emission of pollution 

 (2) Adopting a simultaneous universal practice of withdrawal of 
      internet resources means that no provider will suffer competitive 
      disadvantage.  The Practice legitimates withdrawal of internet 
      resources as the only method proven effective in halting abuse.

 (3) The burden of pollution now falls on the polluter and his enabler 
      rather than on the victim, so conforming to the basic principle 
      used everywhere else in society to maintain justice and good order.

Well-managed, ethical members of the internet industry already conduct
their businesses, successfully and profitably, according to the 
principles specified in the Practice. The proposed Practice simply aims 
to raise the entire industry to the level of today's best players.

The Practice is intended to apply at every level of allocation, 
registration and usage of internet resources including but not limited 
to RIRs, LIRs, ISPs, webhosting firms, backbone connectivity providers,
domain name registrars, and end-users.   It defines internet resources,
unsolicited bulk electronic messaging, and abuse, and specifies 
procedures progressively to penalize abuse after a period of public 
admonishment.

In effect, the proposal implements the "user pays" paradigm in a 
completely new and clever way, without requiring any complicated
metering technology all proposals for which have failed on issues of
complexity, backward compatibility, absence of adequate hardware,
and the need for universal adoption to be effective at all.

The document embodies the only set of measures now on offer which will
quickly end the spam menace internationally sans new legislation, with 
but small and transitory disruption, by abandoning the discredited
"victim pays" model. Adoption will not only be cost-free for the Internet
as a whole but will substantially reduce the current economic burden of 
abuse. It does this by transferring the economic burden from abuse 
victims to the polluters and their enablers, which is fair and feasible,
and indeed the system used everywhere else in society.

As such the anticipated vigorous objections to adoption from some 
parties may be seen in advance as self-serving attempts to perpetuate
the discredited "victim pays" model by those now profiting from an 
Environmental Polluter business model or by their accessories and 
enablers.

Finally, RFCs and Practices are often considered by Courts in 
adjudicating the existence or extent of tortious conduct.  Therefore
looking to the longer term, adoption of this Practice may be expected 
to bring a welcome rule of law to the Internet.  
===================END FORWARDED MESSAGE===================

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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
Cc: ietf anti-spam research group <asrg@ietf.org>,
        Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Subject: Re: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 07:18:39 +0000

On Fri, Mar 07, 2003 at 12:22:00AM -0500, Chris Lewis wrote:
> Sorry, I meant to say "trick every MTA", because it has to flood 
> (something) for each MTA it tries to attack.  Which'd mean that it'd 
> only be economic to spam _very_ large MTA farms, and maybe not even then.

Right, it would change the optimal spamming approach.  The trick to
efficient spamming would then be to target users of large ISPs, and/or
to target individual users for multiple spams on behalf of multiple
spammer clients.

For larger sites (hotmail, verizon, aol, etc) with millions of users
it wouldn't present much of a barier.  But it should reduce the spam
load for users of smaller ISPs and sites with smaller numbers of
users.

Of course this is all presuming adaptive behavior of spammers, perhaps
they would in practice avoid the cost in other ways (eg either violate
ISPs AUPs, or run their own RMX server).

Adam
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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 23:40:30 -0800 (PST)

On Thu, 6 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> At 3:51 PM -0800 3/6/03, Nate W wrote:
> 
> > Sometimes I whitelist the domain beforehand, most times I just check the
> > 'holding pen' folder for a message from the merchant some time later.
> 
> The question is not how we do it.  But how someone's grandmother is 
> going to do it.  There is no interface.  It's an error-prone and 
> manual process.  It also completely fails when a company changes it's 
> name, or when the primary domain is not the same as the particular 
> store you shopped at.

Granted that we aren't our own target market, and it's error-prone and
manual, but IMAP and a good mail client will provide a UI for the holding
pen folder.  From the receiver's point of view, it's just a good filter,
and like most filters you do need to check the hits from time, and
definitely when an expected message doesn't make it to your inbox.

> One can certainly imagine standards to deal with this problem. 
> Browser plugins, special URLs....
> 
> But fundamentally whitelisting fails without authentication.

Fails occasionally, and would be greatly improved without authentication,
but I think it's only a couple good client implementations away from
acceptance by a sizable chunk of the market.  As filters go, it works very
well and requires little maintenance.  

How would you propose using strong authentication for the 'reciept from a
merchant' scenario?  Or would you?

More interestingly, how do you propose adding authentication to email, in
general?

> In fact, I just got one such.  A social engineering paypal theft 
> scam.  Mail from Canada, with a form that submits to Rusia, which 
> then sends the email to Florida.  Fortunately it fails a trivial 
> header check.

Nigerian bank scammers are the only ones to get through my filter so far
(two, maybe three occasions).  I was beginning to think that they were the
only spammers who actually read their responses.

-- 

Nate Waddoups
Redmond WA USA
http://www.natew.com


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Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 23:44:16 -0800 (PST)

On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Chris Lewis wrote:

> "Millions CDs" tend not to remember NDRs too well.

If they did, they would be "Thousands CDs" and wouldn't sell as well.

-- 

Nate Waddoups
Redmond WA USA
http://www.natew.com


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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 00:08:47 -0800 (PST)


 > The reason is, that if I sent you a mail where I thought I was doing
 > you a favour with the mail (and this is true in much of the mail I
 > send to strangers, and I got back a note that said:
 >
 > I will not read your mail until you:
 > a) Get some new software for your MUA or a whole new MUA
 > b) Mail me the magic token from that software
 > c) (with real money) pay money to get that token
 >
 > Well, my answer would be to say screw you. 

Is that a bug, or a feature?  

I've heard a similar objection to simple confirmation whitelists, and my
answer is "feature."  If the sender values the message so little that they
won't do something simple to get it through to me, then there's no reason
that I should value it enough to read it.

Granted, the MUA update is an onerous requirement, but if it ends spam
it's worth it, and sender-pays email *would* end spam.

-- 

Nate Waddoups
Redmond WA USA
http://www.natew.com


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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 08:47:51 +0000 (GMT)

On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Nate W wrote:

> Granted, the MUA update is an onerous requirement, but if it ends spam
> it's worth it, and sender-pays email *would* end spam.

It doesn't stop SMS spam. I don't see why it would necessarily end email 
spam. It surely would cut the load, but to foist something like sender 
pays on us (which I personally would hate with a passion - I sent about 10 
thousand emails last year) I would really hope it could stop the flood 
entirely.

Besides, sender pays requires authentication (or at least to fix the 
current anonymous problems of email), and if you fix those, you're 99% of 
the way there, so I don't see why you'd need sender pays after that.

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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 08:58:48 +0000 (GMT)

Please do not use sender verification systems when posting to mailing
lists. The last thing I want to see when I post to a mailing list is a
bounce trying to confirm I'm a real person (I really don't care whether
your system believes I'm a real person or not). It's as bad as getting
vacation message bounces. Turn it off!

For those of you not willing to get rid of your sender verification 
system, learn to set reply-to to the list so that I don't have to jump 
through your personal hoops.

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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 09:23:57 +0000

> On Thu, 06 Mar 2003 14:07:23 -0500  "Alan DeKok" wrote:
>  +------------------
>  | 	The Consent 4-tuple
>  | 	-------------------
>  | 
> 
> I applaud your effort to make an algebra for spam. But I think that your
> notation misses the target.
> 

Likewise.


> 
> The sender always "consents" to send the mail (modulo accidents). So we
> would never see mail that it is unlikely that the Sender MUA would work
> in a way against the senders wishes. And it would be totalitarian indeed
> if it did. 

I'm not sure that that's always the case.  For instance,
If my webmail system enforces some policy on the content of outgoing mail 
(I don't want my users to send 419 scam stuff),
then this assertion is invalidated.


> An algebra to describe spam will involve the recipients view of
> email.  Mostly it will require notations for functions on the feature
> space of the email message and the recipients wishes.
> 

As has been said earlier on this list, we need to identify the entities
giving
and seeking consent (and the precise nature of that consent?), Alans
algebra works
towards that. We also need to characterise the "communication". This may
include
consideration of endpoints (or other traffic characteristics - rate?) as
well as
content.





--
Regards,
Jon Kyme

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Mar  7 04:42:20 2003
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Subject: [Asrg] RMX & DNS: double advantage
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 10:41:20 +0100

Hi,

there have been a lot of objections against RMX due to the
security flaws of DNS. I spent some hours of thinking and
I'd like to address these objections.

While these objections are true on one hand, they are 
shortsighted at the other hand. What appears to be a
security flaw at a first glance, can easily be turned into
a double advantage. Let me elaborate this:


First of all: Yes, RMX depends on any kind of directory
service, which has to be reliable (spoof-proof) _and_
isomorph to the domain space at the same time. The bad thing
is, that we currently have only one isomorph directory 
service, DNS, and that this is not spoof-proof. 

The first consequence is even worse than most antagonists believe.
While I don't believe that spammers significantly success in 
poisoning DNS caches, this is vulnerable to a bad DoS attack:

Imagine an attacker wants to block e-mail traffic from 
A.com to B.com. All he needs to do is to send a fake message
with sender address A.com to B.com to cause B.com's DNS to 
ask for A.com's RMX entry, and to send a fake answer with a 
random address in the RMX entry and a long TTL. From now on, 
B.com will reject messages from A.com.

But is this a new vulnerability? No. The same attack could have
been achieved by poisoning A.com's DNS cache with a wrong MX record. 
Did anyone ask to kill SMTP because of this flaw? No.


While I still agree that this kind of inacceptable DoS 
attack exists when using RMX with "old" DNS servers, I'd like
to point out, why this isn't really a security flaw, but can 
be turned into a double advantage:


I believe there is consent, that - beyond RMX - DNS is insecure
as it is now, and that this causes much more trouble than just
breaking RMX. OK.


In contrast to other similar proposals, RMX doesn't use existing
A or MX records. It uses a _new_ record type. Who wants to participate
in the RMX game will have to upgrade the DNS server. Is that too much 
to ask for? No, since Internet servers are not made for eternity 
and need to be upgraded from time to time to fix the latest security
holes anyway. 

But if people have to upgrade their DNS servers for RMX anyway, 
we can give them a secure DNS at the same time without overhead. 
All we need to do is to cooperate with the DNS working group to 
develop an improved DNS service at the same time, e.g. have them
implement the nonce extension. 

RMX queries will work only with this new security extension, which is
not a constraint, since RMX will require new DNS servers anyway. 
All we have to do is to ask DNS server manufacturers to implement 
the nonce (or whatever method is chosen) not later than RMX,
advantageously at the same time.

This will have several benefits:

- The DNS security extensions will be widely deployed, since 
  administrators now have a good reason to upgrade. Thus we will
  by the way easily fix the DNS problem, which is not a bad side
  effect, is it?

- The RMX records will reliably work and move e-mail security from 
  zero to a certain level.



Thus, with just a simple single DNS server upgrade - which is much
easier to achieve then to do any MUA changes - we can make two
fundamental internet services easily and cheap much more secure: 
DNS and SMTP. Double advantage. 

Any further objections?

Hadmut



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Yes, typically when you buy something online, you KNOW to expect an email 
response pretty quickly so you can go look in your 'holding pen' for it.

However, this problem could be solved completely in the short term if we 
could get merchants to provide an extra field in the form you fill in. You 
as a user would add any text or code you like to that field. When the 
merchant sends you any email, they include the contents of that field in 
the subject line of their message.
You then create a single permission rule (either in your spam blocker or 
indeed in any email client that supports basic filters) that allows 
anything with that text to come through. Since each user would have a 
completely different code there, it would be unbreakable by spammers.

D


>Sometimes I whitelist the domain beforehand, most times I just check the
>'holding pen' folder for a message from the merchant some time later.
>
>--
>
>Nate Waddoups



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Founder and CTO, DigiPortal Software Inc.


"Winning isn't everything but losing isn't anything"
                                                                     Irwin Cohen

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I sent the note below yesterday but due to my using the wrong FROM email 
address, it got blocked by the list server :-)
--------------------------------------------------
Spam exists because there is an (almost zero) fixed cost associated with 
sending it out.

If  ISPs and whoever controls  any routers along the path of a message 
charged the sending router 0.001 cent (say) per message sent, spam could be 
reduced significantly. The impact on legitimate senders would be 
negligible, perhaps adding a few cents to the montly bill but it would 
effectively prevent large numbers of messages from being sent out by a 
spammer. (It would also stop the ability of a spammer to test email 
addresses at ISPs)

Cheers,
David Jameson


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Subject: [Asrg] RE: claims about law
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>   3.4. The likely endgame for this behaviour is to force senders of
>   unwanted bulk e-mail to stop lying about who they are, which is
>   illegal in meatspace anyway

Why spoil what might otherwise be a fairly decent piece of work with a
blatantly nonsensical claim like this?  In the UK, the only time I am
required to identify myself as the publisher of something is when I publish
election literature for a local, national, or European government election
(plus cases where an identity of the publisher is inherently part of the
publication, such as certain legal notices).  Apart from that I am permitted
to publish what I like anonymously (provided I can find the
technical/financial/physical means to do so, of course). Do you think the UK
is not part of meatspace? How about the other common-law countries where the
law on identity is much the same as in the UK (including most if not all
states of the US, I believe)?  Are they also not part of meatspace?

As long as you make nonsense claims like that I for one may well be unable
to take you seriously and may simply disregard any statement you make that I
can't check from personal knowledge; after all you have demonstrated to me
that you are happy to make clearly counter-factual statements in support of
your case.


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Subject: RMX method validity and alternatives (was Re: [Asrg] Declaration
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Chris Lewis a écrit:
> Pierre BRUA wrote:
>> http://www.monkeys.com/anti-spam/filtering/additions.html
> 
> Read a little further.  It only works reliabily enough to be worthwhile 
> for a very limited number of very large domains.

That's what it has been used for by monkeys.com, since they (of course) 
cannot take the time to implement rdns data for everyone.

>  Even if this was RFC'd 
> into some sort of DNS convention or extension, it's trivially bypassed 
> by the spammer choosing envelope senders that don't participate in the 
> convention.

And such envelope sender domain owners, knowing it has been abused by 
spammers, would likely implement rdns records sooner or later, or being 
listed in blacklists of domains abused by spammers _and_ do not apply 
the rdns rfc.

If a domain is abused by spammers, it means for the domain owner 
millions of dns queries to verify that the domain really exist, bounce 
messages from everywhere, complaints, and so on. It doesn't get 
unnoticed and has quite a high network/server load cost anyway.

I know people whose domain has been abused like that and I can assure 
you they have spent a lot of time clearing the mess.
They tried to locate the spammer and intent legal actions, but the 
spammers have already disappeared at that time.

>  Given that, for example, huge chunks of the internet don't 
> have [r]DNS at all, it's pretty clear it'd never become widespread 
> enough to be long-term useful.

Open relays were quite widespread at a time, now there's only around 
250k of it, compared to the millions of mail servers, and most are 
referenced in anti-spam blacklist databases.

You can check some statistics at http://www.ordb.org/statistics/

RMX may follow the same evolution, we will know if we try it.

> In other words, anything that relies on a significant fraction of the 
> non-spammers to do something is doomed to failure.

For getting mail, non-spammers have to do a lot of things, and they have 
no way not to do it and get working domains, namely :
- Get a domain name and pay for it.
- Get DNS servers that manage their domains
- Get MX records associated to the domain name
- Get the mail server listed on the MX records to be there and receive 
emails for the domain from the internet
- create the mail accounts
- maintain valid contacts for domain renewal

Do you feel that optionnaly maintaining an added RMX record would be too 
much ? For most domains it would be set to the MX and/or the network of 
the ISP customer.

> Yes, the technique can be useful sometimes in specific situations.  But 
> not well enough to enshrine into long-term standards, and useless the 
> day after publication.

At least, it will stop domain names from being abused by spammers in 
 From headers. Spammers could today DDoS most mail servers on the 
internet with such a method, and noone seems to care.
If you talk to aol, hotmail or yahoo support and marketing teams about 
how bad their company is viewed by internet users due to forged from 
headers ("I receive plenty of spam from aol and hotmail"), and how much 
bounce/network overload they get related to spammers forgeries, you 
would see it would be a significant improvement already.

Spammers could always use reply-to for domains they have no 
authorization for, but that would matter quite less.

> There's a similar heuristic, which is probably more effective in 
> blocking spam - that is, for selected domains, _insist_ that the 
> argument to HELO matches the peer's rDNS domain name in some fashion.

The fact that it currently stop some spam is a side-effect, like if you 
say : I don't accept mail from people who have few mail server 
configuration skills (bad hostname) and/or who are on a network managed 
by someone with low network skills (bad or no rdns records).

If you prefer that point of view, this is almost equivalent to a 
blacklisting of the IP adresses listed on 
http://www.rfc-ignorant.org/how_to_ip.php

This heuristic is also in no way related to the server authority to send 
mail from a certain domain.

> But again, while it's currently useful for some specific sites (eg: AOL, 
> Hotmail/MSN, Yahoo), it's too easily bypassable and compliance will 
> never be widespread enough to enshrine into public standards.

This is an interesting point. If I understand you well, you say that 
spammers will choose domain names that have no rmx records to spam. Like 
when they use open relays.

This give a choice to the recipient.
For example, I can use to implement a email validity confirmation 
request (like tmda.net) for only domains who do not implement rmx 
records or are not blacklisted due to their spamming activity.
This suppress the burden of confirmation for correct domains.

I think (but I understand it may not be your choice) that we are not 
defining a tool that will be perfect or 100% efficient, but one that 
give us quite more control of what we (as mailbox users) choose to receive.

Pierre
-- 
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Subject: [Asrg] RE: PLI and DNSSEC deployability and DNS based solutions
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> > On top of that DNSSEC presumes a PKI, which as we've seen over the
> > last 5 years is a hard thing to deploy in and of itself.
>
> Also untrue.
>
>
> 		Phill

Well, we all already knew Phill believed that PKI is easily deployable and
he knows that a lot of people disagree with him about it.  This isn't really
the place to restart the wars about PKI models and methods of deployment and
models of business/trust.  But couldn't the company of which Phill is so
prominent an employee make PKI deployment a lot easier (i) by voluntarily
accepting some liability to third parties who rely on keys which it
certifies and (ii) by publishing repudiation lists in a far more public
manner?  I realise that (i) is a commercial rather than a technical issue so
it's not really proper to address that to Phill, but surely (ii) falls
within his remit?

Personally, I wish DNSSEC were fully deployed out there.  I suspect there
are two reasons it isn't:  laziness and vested interests.  The latter we can
probably overcome, but laziness will delay deployment for a very long time.

However, using some DNS capability to get better validation of the Mail From
component of a DMTP envelope doesn't require full deployment of DNSSEC, or
of PKI.  We can get some gain without that, and we need to determine whether
the gain is big enough in relation to the cost.

The questions we have to ask for reducing spam with something involving DNS
changes are (a) what proportion of DNSs will implement it and (b) what
proportion of spam is produced by people technically competent to bypass it.
The answers depend on whether you are using DNS as a key server or to serve
RMX records.

If you use it for RMX records, my answer to (a) is "close to zero, at least
in the short to medium term" and my answer to (b) is "it will kill off the
idiot amateurs and cause the professional spammers some minor inconvenience
in the short term until they build a work-around".  If you use DNS to
provide keys, my answer for (a) remains the same and my answer to (b) is
only marginally better than for the RMX case (because the answer to (a)
pretty well forces the answer to (b)).

My answers could be wrong, of course - and unlike some contributors to this
debate I am not going to accuse people who think they are wrong of
attempting to destroy this rg.  Certainly if DNSSEC were already fully
deployed that would change both my answers (wide deployment of DNSSEC would
indicate that the general laziness of sysadmins had somehow evaporated, and
would reduce the scope for spoofng DNS enormously).


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Jonathan Wilkins a écrit:
> Firstly, the DNS protocol is subject to spoofing.  This is a fundamental
> problem with the protocol and cannot be fixed without totally changing
> the protocol.  This is due to the fact that the first answer with a 
> matching request ID is accepted.  Since the request ID is a 16 bit
> field,
> it is trivial for an attacker to send 65536 100 byte packets and provide
> this answer.  

This scenario is unlikely to happen on a large scale :
1) This is more related to server hacking than spamming, which means 
spammers will risk a lot doing that.
2) That's a 6.5MBytes bandwidth consumption for each mail server you 
want to spoof. And you are not sure to succeed at first try (or even 
globally). Got to cost a little...
3) If spammers have to eat 6.5MByte of network bandwidth to send spam to 
a domain for a limited time (economically costly), and that only works 
with some DNS server software, I consider it's a sufficient protection.
4) You also need to know if dns requests are sent from the mail server 
or from other dns servers for this to work. My current configuration 
(for example) use a DNS server not from my ISP and located in another 
network...

Anyway, this has to be solved at the DNS protocol level, which clearly 
need to be improved on this subject as you mention it, and we will 
benefit from it when it gets solved globally.

I think defining a new secure DNS-like protocol for that would be too 
much of a headache. Let DNS people solve DNS problems.

Pierre
-- 
           PARALLINE          ///        Parallelism & GNU/Linux
                             ///
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F-67000 STRASBOURG Fax:+33 388 141 741 http://www.paralline.com
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Tom Thomson <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 12:56:08 +0100

On Fri, Mar 07, 2003 at 11:12:15AM -0000, Tom Thomson wrote:
> 
> In the UK, the only time I am
> required to identify myself as the publisher of something is when I
> publish

Brrrr, in the UK you don't need to identify yourself anymore at all,
because whereever you go every step is observated by at least 5 
video cameras and your face ist automatically identified. So no 
need to bother yourself with an additional and redundant identification...

</sarcasm>


Hadmut

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On Fri, 7 Mar 2003 11:12:15 -0000, Tom Thomson wrote:

> >   3.4. The likely endgame for this behaviour is to force senders of
> >   unwanted bulk e-mail to stop lying about who they are, which is
> >   illegal in meatspace anyway
> 
> Why spoil what might otherwise be a fairly decent piece of work with a
> blatantly nonsensical claim like this?  In the UK, the only time I am
> required to identify myself as the publisher of something is when I publish
> election literature for a local, national, or European government election

Depends upon your definition of 'publication'.

If you use your phone for commercial calls you are not legally entitled to
withhold CLI . I remember a very interesting discussion some years ago in uk.telecom
about the actual procedure required to get/force phone companies to withdraw all
phone services from the offender if they withold CLI. As witholding CLI is pretty
much a de facto standard for the vast majority of UC phone calls and the vast
majority of recuitment agencies - they are all risking the removal of all telephone
services if a complaint is made (correctly).

Evidently the same goes for commercial FAX (but I have no corroboration on
this).

Quite simply electronic communication (phone fax etc) is reasonably clear and
if you know how (and are a persistent sod) can be applied with little cost.

Email will have safegards within the EU but enforcement is not something
that joe public will have any real input in. (one law for the rich etc).


Jacqui Caren, Ingram Group Ltd. jacqui@ig.co.uk
ph: +44 (0) 1483 8628xx main=00 fax=01 ddi=65
http://www.ig.co.uk/ http://www.sitedirector.org/
http://www.perl.co.uk/


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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>, "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 08:58:48 -0500

At 0:22 -0500 3/7/03, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>At 5:18 PM -0500 3/6/03, Jim Youll wrote:
>>As a server operator for several domains, I don't know that life 
>>would be made
>
>I said ISP.  Not domain operator.  For some ISPs bounces are already 
>such a big problem that they are interfering with normal email 
>processing.

I've also run an ISP. Same. Our life as an ISP would not be made hell 
by addition of additional e-mail addresses that we halt at TO:... if 
anything, if we could shift the traffic from procmail to that early 
step, the servers would be happier.

Beyond that I'm not going to debate it with you. These techniques are 
in use at various places already, I've requested statistics and hope 
to get some soon... It is an effective technique for some people in 
some settings.

These need not be used everywhere to create a noticeable effect on 
inbound spam for normal people like my grandmothers and niece and 
nephew, who are more like "typical" internet users than anyone 
reading this message is.

A diversity of techniques is appropriate. This is one of them.

>
>>"hell" by it. Spammers can send a finite number of messages, there 
>>IS a point of economic breakdown. As things stand now it seems to 
>>matter little whether
>
>What is that point?  I know the necessary numbers were presented at 
>the MIT Spam Conference but I didn't note them.  Anyone care to 
>estimate at what point the return becomes so small that spammers 
>lose money?  Obviously it depends on what you're selling.  The 
>Nigerian schemes can afford to send messages for a very long time, 
>given that their return is sometimes in the millions of dollars.

The numbers for the Nigerians were estimated in the last few weeks at 
about one million dollars, total, for all instances of the scam 
worldwide, ever. If they could afford to send continuously, they 
would, but they cannot. There is a cost, however small, first a 
matter of efficiency, second a simple matter that if too much mail is 
bouncing from somewhere, we next cut off that somewhere and that's 
the end of it.

>>Finally, if the same care is taken with these addresses as with the 
>>addresses we use now (I think I must be reachable by at least 15-30 
>>addresses right now), then the rate of turnover need not be 
>>excruciatingly high... further, a
>
>You talk about turnover as though it were acceptable.  Do you move 
>your house every year?  Do you change your name?  What is the 
>acceptable rate of turnover for the address "kee@hinckley.com"?  How 
>about "support@example.com"?  Do you want every user to have to go 
>the website of every company they do business with every time in 
>order to find out what the current support address is?  What about 
>this mailing list?

Please, don't be so fast to jump. I've already said several times 
that this does not work for all users in all circumstances. But 
nothing really does at this point. Nope, support@ and help@ and 
sales@ are going to be screwed for a long time, and they need other 
solutions.

There are many times that I use an e-mail address that can very well 
be transient, and in those cases, it is preferable to use a throwaway 
rather than my main address. For example, posting an online 
classified ad, posting to a newsgroup... i definitely should use an 
only-for-there transient address when joining a mailing list such as 
this due to the wide dissemination, and I'd use it just for this 
list. So, there are many instances of communications that are 
_expected_ to be short-lived and i see nothing wrong with using a 
short-lived e-mail address for them. In fact I already do that. If 
all the parties behave themselves, no future communication will ever 
come toward me just to be bounced back. If they don't, then there is 
a pretty good chance the offender will remove me (because it's not 
spam but a badly behaved merchant), and finally, sometimes, but not 
always, the address may have been leaked, and in that case I don't 
receive spam.

I've also said that this process would have to be automated to be 
really useful. If someone writes to me out of band and we begin 
talking at length, yeah, that person needs a separate address to 
write me with since the other may go away someday. So clearly, the 
best use of these is 1:whatever messaging where the scope of the 
messaging does not change. I can think of many cases that fit this 
rule. Not all. Many.

The technique could be used to immunize certain settings, in 
particular public forums that permit out-of-band member-to-member 
communications, from address harvesting.

I have asked for some stats from the people who run craigslist.org, 
which places an anonymous, transient, FORWARDED (talk about 
"expensive") e-mail address on every posting. I have never received a 
spam due to an address that was harvested from there. Why? Because 
nobody harvests addresses from there, since they are all for the most 
part invalid from one to thirty days afterward. No value.

>>1:1 mapping that allows tracking of a leaked address to its source 
>>introduces the possibility of enforcement of all manner of 
>>penalties against the transgressor... so I don't think this 
>>approach would lead to an explosion of inbound spam, not at all.
>
>And how do you determine the transgressor for the address you posted 
>to the web or put on your business card or that was forwarded from 
>your mother's address book by a virus?  We're back to authentication 
>again.  And if you have authentication, you don't need disposal 
>email addresses.

Obviously it was my mother or her computer. I give her a new address 
for writing to me, I turn off the old one, and we continue to 
correspond. I note that this is not necessary until a problem occurs. 
Most instances of mail-forwarding-viruses do not lead to spamming so 
it is certainly not a given that the turnover rate would be high at 
all.

- jim
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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Locked addresses (was Do we need to do anything?
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 09:22:34 -0500 (EST)

On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> You then describe an incredibly complex scheme whereby I am unable to
> send anyone email unless I have with me a piece of software which
> knows where I am, how I am currently able to communicate with
> everyone, and which address is appropriate to use under the current
> circumstances.

It is not incredibly complex; many people have already implemented bits of it.

As I stated, it requires *NO* MUA changes.  All of the work can be done on
the server.  It does require that you relay outgoing mail through the same
server all of the time; that's why we have STARTTLS and SMTP AUTH.

> It requires that I upgrade every single MUA in the
> world that I might possibly use,

Not at all; see above.

> It makes it virtually impossible to even manage
> addresses on *paper*, let alone in my head.

Your server keeps track of everything.

--
David.
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 09:26:15 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> See http://www.dcc-servers.net/dcc/graphs/

Those graphs are interesting, but hardly constitute proof that
a checksum scheme can't be defeated.

> > It's very easy to prove that any (useful) checksum algorithm can be
> > thwarted.

> In theory, yes.  In practice, that has not been true since I started
> compute spam checksums to prove that that is right and Paul Vixie was
> wrong half a dozen years ago.

Only because not enough people use DCC to make it a problem for spammers.
It's the usual situation that a tool that works well now, stops working
well once lots of people use it.  Catch-22. :-)

--
David.
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 08:28:23 -0600

-----Original Message-----
>From: Postmaster [mailto:Postmaster@bellsouth.com] 
>Subject: [Asrg] Problems that make the RMX proposal infeasible
>
>--- Why can't the record just contain the IP range "owned" by the
domains
>authorized mail servers?

>I realize the a spammer can use a valid domain with a valid RMX and
this
>would not cause a rejection, but at this point I can either put
pressure on
>the ISP of that domain and/or block the IP altogether.
The point is that you _CAN'T_ put the pressure on anyone, since the RMX
authenticator is spoofed.

You can blacklist the IP, but that is no better than the status quo.

 --- Is is slightly better because now I know for sure where they are from.

> In either case, I now don't have to worry about someone claiming to be
from
>Yahoo and actually from a Chinese relay server.
> I am not adverse to a "solve-all" solution, but I truly don't think it
>exists and if it does, it would be just too radical to implement all at
>once.
Provided that you've done a recent lookup on yahoo.com and it is still
in your cache.  BTW, yahoo.com has a TTL of 600 seconds.  

What is it that you think RMX is buying you?

 --- I realize that there are people out there that will spoof DNS etc. I do
not think that it is such a major issue. I think some people are failing to
see the big picture. I for one am not currently looking for an "end-all"
solution, but if one is found, I would not complain. I truly don't think
that there is a "magic bullet" solution to be had. RMX would just be one
tool in a tool chest. Start putting your fingers in the holes in the dike
and eventually the flood will turn to a trickle. Make it hard for a spammer
to spam and there will be less spammers.

> I think that RMX and pure ISP administrative changes like credit card
>flags, closing port 25, and billing commercial mailers would put a huge
dent
>in the amount of spam received.

> What would be required to make it work?
>In a perfect world where everything worked as it is supposed to... How
would
>this be implemented?
If we could eliminate all people who do bad things, then any protocol
will
work just fine.  Since this is not possible today, so we have to use
protocols
that are resistant to attack.  Why waste effort implementing a system
that
is fundamentally flawed?

--- Any system that has people on it that are bend on attacking it will be
attacked. It is not a flaw in the system, it is a flaw in the people. We do
the best with what we have. I am not out to reinvent the wheel, even if the
current one is a little oblong. I just don't want to wait until I retire to
see progress.
Don't get me wrong, I am not disagreeing with your assessment that an
attacked DNS would allow spam, however, what I do disagree with is that
suddenly all spammers will start doing this as a business operendi. 
As far as the spam that DOES make it through that way, filters and other
tools can be used.
 My delete finger works just fine. I am more concerned with the hundreds of
thousands of dollars I am spending on equipment, software and time just
trying to handle it all.


Regards,
Damon 





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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 07 Mar 2003 00:30:46 EST."
             <3E682E86.3070508@americasm01.nt.com> 
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 04:27:54 -0500

"Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:
> To be completely fair, Alan, the problem you're having with Striker 
> isn't a technical one, and it's nothing that a discussion list of this 
> sort can do anything about.

  I'm not so sure.  I have a few paragraphs of text around about "Why
SMTP is different".  The summary is that the design of the protocol
opens it up to more abuse than other protocols.  Other protocols have
some parts of SMTP's problems, but not all.  That's what makes SMTP
different.

  - Connections to servers can be from any IP
  - clients can claim to be anyone
  - clients can forward data to nearly anyone
    (even without open relays.  I can hit you, personally, through
     Nortel's SMTP servers)
  - servers can amplify the problem
    (I send Nortels' SMTP server, or an open relay one message
     with 100 RCTP TO's.)

  Fixing many of these protocol problems will minimize SMTP abuse, and
minimize the side-effects of that abuse.

> Striker and our spamtrap are _far_ outside of the bounds of technical 
> solutions.

  The main problem I see is the "thundering herd".  I believe that
protocol/network changes can help to alleviate this problem.  It may
not be fixed today, tomorrow, or even next year.  But that's what a
research group is for.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 07 Mar 2003 00:56:08 EST."
             <3E683478.3020301@americasm01.nt.com> 
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 04:32:13 -0500

"Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:
> Alan, you simply have to recognize that _nothing_ anyone can come up 
> with of a technical nature can help your situation short of everyone 
> abandoning SMTP.  You're MANY standard deviations away from the mean.  A 
> pathological worst case.

  I agree completely.  Last year, I was telling people my domain was
"so far out on the edges of the statistical distribution that I'm
getting nosebleeds from the altitude"

  Not a pretty picture, but it got the point across.

> The value that your experience has lies in a different direction - the 
> signpost for where we're all going if we cannot build solutions 
> effective enough to severely discourage spammers before we all look like 
> striker.  An early warning for what the death of SMTP email will look 
> like if we can't get a handle on it _now_.

  Exactly.  That's why I've been so vociferous with my opinions.
People with their heads stuck intentionally in the sand are ripe for a
good, firm, kick in the pants.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Nate W <asrg@natew.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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> Maybe it would help to look at separate problems and their separate
> solutions?
> 
> For example, the problem of identifying senders as real-life individuals,
> the problem of bandwidth consumption, the problem of recipient's wasted
> time, the problem of expressing (or inferring) consent (or lack thereof),
> and so on.
> 
> This might keep discussion a bit more focused, like "X solves the N
> problem, but should not be considered relevant to the M problem."  At
> least people wouldn't be compelled to explain "X doesn't solve M" when it
> was never meant to.

listing problems seems like a very constructive step.

another constructive step would be to list desirable criteria for potential
soultions or frameworks of solutions.  e.g.

- should minimize spam to some acceptable level (say, 0.1% of received
  messages)
- should not prevent delivery of legitimate mail
- should not adversely impact valuable functionality
- should be easy to use (even for grandma)
- should be easy to deploy, incrementally
- should not depend on universal deployment to be effective
- should provide incentives to deploy for those doing the deployment
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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'David F. Skoll'" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 08:52:13 -0600



-----Original Message-----
From: David F. Skoll [mailto:dfs@roaringpenguin.com]
Sent: Wednesday, March 05, 2003 12:15 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal


On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> No, by your own numbers, that's empirically suggested for only 20% of
spam.

A cheap test that stops 20% of spam is good.

-- The problem is that it costs me the price of servers, bandwidth,
software, administrators, and other infrastructure to perform the "cheap
test" ... not so cheap after all ;-)


Regards,
Damon


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 10:09:28 -0500 (EST)

On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Sauer, Damon wrote:

> -- The problem is that it costs me the price of servers, bandwidth,
> software, administrators, and other infrastructure to perform the "cheap
> test" ... not so cheap after all ;-)

Oh, come on.  You're already running a mail server.  Once the
tempfail-first-time software is installed, it takes no administrator
interaction at all.

The extra bandwidth is minimal; you fail some messages *once* at the MAIL
or RCPT command.

--
David.
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 10:10:45 -0500
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> 
>   - Connections to servers can be from any IP

that's not a bug, it's a desirable feature

>   - clients can claim to be anyone

that's not a bug, it's a desirable feature

>   - clients can forward data to nearly anyone

that's not a bug, it's a desirable feature

>   - servers can amplify the problem

that's not a bug, it's a desirable feature.  

(but anytime you introduce proxies into a system then you have an inherent
security issue- those proxies can hide and amplify attacks.  this is as true
for IP proxies as for SMTP proxies)

>   Fixing many of these protocol problems will minimize SMTP abuse, and
> minimize the side-effects of that abuse.

and would make email less functional than it was in the 1970s.

>   The main problem I see is the "thundering herd".  

The main problem I see is the lack of any way to make senders accountable for
their actions, and to distinguish responsible senders from irresponsible ones.

Keith
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps
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> Spam exists because there is an (almost zero) fixed cost associated with 
> sending it out.

false.  snail mail spam exists despite having significant costs associated
with sending it.

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I don't recall mentioning snail mail and in the context of this group, I 
think it's reasonable to assume that 'spam' means electronic junk mail.

In fact, I don't believe I've ever heard junk mail that comes by snail 
referred to as spam.

Sigh,
D

At 10:11 AM 3/7/2003, you wrote:

> > Spam exists because there is an (almost zero) fixed cost associated with
> > sending it out.
>
>false.  snail mail spam exists despite having significant costs associated
>with sending it.

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From: David Jameson <david@thejamesons.com>
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Requiring senders to pay would make them accountable.
David

>The main problem I see is the lack of any way to make senders accountable for
>their actions, and to distinguish responsible senders from irresponsible ones.
>
>Keith
>_______________________________________________
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>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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To: David Jameson <david@thejamesons.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 10:35:40 -0500

At 10:30 -0500 3/7/03, David Jameson wrote:
>I don't recall mentioning snail mail and in the context of this 
>group, I think it's reasonable to assume that 'spam' means 
>electronic junk mail.
>
>In fact, I don't believe I've ever heard junk mail that comes by 
>snail referred to as spam.


Is it necessary to be so pedantic?

I understood that Jameson was drawing an analogy. You may not agree 
that it's a valid one, but please. I've actually heard people use 
that terminology with junk paper mail. I don't, and it's not common, 
but that's hardly the issue.




>Sigh,
>D
>
>At 10:11 AM 3/7/2003, you wrote:
>
>>  > Spam exists because there is an (almost zero) fixed cost associated with
>>>  sending it out.
>>
>>false.  snail mail spam exists despite having significant costs associated
>>with sending it.
>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Balachander Krishnamurthy <bala@research.att.com>
Subject: [Asrg] requirements for a proposed solution + notion of consent
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keith moore suggests the following criteria for potential solutions in
   https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00726.html

- should minimize spam to some acceptable level (say, 0.1% of received messages)
- should not prevent delivery of legitimate mail
- should not adversely impact valuable functionality
- should be easy to use (even for grandma)
- should be easy to deploy, incrementally
- should not depend on universal deployment to be effective
- should provide incentives to deploy for those doing the deployment

all of the above are laudable goals. i would like to add a few more

- senders and receivers of wanted (i prefer the term wanted over "legitimate")
  mail should not have to pay additional monetary costs 
   ("sender pays" scheme causes additional pain for people who send/receive
    wanted mail - it would penalize "good folks" because "bad folks" send spam)

- no new protocol should be required to implement such solutions (maybe this is
   covered in 'easy to deploy')

- there should be no additional impact on privacy of participants as a result 
  of such solutions

also, the notion of consent in the original writeup seems to take for granted
that participants have to consent a priori. it would be interesting to consider
a scheme where the sender takes a very modest risk ('liability') which is lifted
when the receiver deems the mail as wanted. the consent is given by the receiver
after the mail is received. the receiver gets to decide if mail is "spam".

cheers,
bala

balachander krishnamurthy
http://www.research.att.com/~bala/papers
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To: "'David F. Skoll'" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>,
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 10:43:31 -0500


-----Original Message-----
From: David F. Skoll [mailto:dfs@roaringpenguin.com]
Sent: Friday, March 07, 2003 10:09 AM
To: Sauer, Damon
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal


On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Sauer, Damon wrote:

> -- The problem is that it costs me the price of servers, bandwidth,
> software, administrators, and other infrastructure to perform the "cheap
> test" ... not so cheap after all ;-)

Oh, come on.  You're already running a mail server.  Once the
tempfail-first-time software is installed, it takes no administrator
interaction at all.

 ----- I currently already block 60-80% of all my incoming email. (1.1
billion messages @ 49.8tb. last year)
Because of AOL size spam load beating up my corporate size servers, I have
to block it.
It would require even MORE servers to try and deliver it all.

 I was not disagreeing with you, what I am saying is- Even if I was able to
block 100% of all spam that hit my servers, but it required 100 servers to
do it, it is still costing me too much money. It is also additive not
subtractive.. meaning, next year I would have to add 5 more servers to my
100 to maintain 100% filtering.

 The solution that would work best for me is one that requires less
horsepower behind it. This is why I do not see content filtering alone as
"the" solution and favor a protocol type solution. 

"UCE Solution: If it requires horsepower, it is the wrong solution." << You
can quote me on this.


Regards,
Damon


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] RE: claims about law
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From: "Jacqui Caren" <jacqui.caren@ig.co.uk>
 > To: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
 > Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 12:53:11
 > Reply-To: "Jacqui Caren" <jacqui.caren@ig.co.uk>
 > Subject: Re: [Asrg] RE: claims about law
 >
 > On Fri, 7 Mar 2003 11:12:15 -0000, Tom Thomson wrote:
 >
 > > >   3.4. The likely endgame for this behaviour is to force senders of
 > > >   unwanted bulk e-mail to stop lying about who they are, which is
 > > >   illegal in meatspace anyway
 > >
 > > Why spoil what might otherwise be a fairly decent piece of work with a
 > > blatantly nonsensical claim like this?  In the UK, the only time I am
 > > required to identify myself as the publisher of something is when I
publish
 > > election literature for a local, national, or European government
election
 >
 > Depends upon your definition of 'publication'.
 >
 > If you use your phone for commercial calls you are not legally entitled
to
 > withhold CLI .

The relevant law is Telecommunications (Data Protection and Privacy)
Regulations 1999 introduced under on 1 March 2000 the Data Protection Act
1998 which does not say anything like what you claim.  What it does say that
(a) direct marketing organisations must pay attention to TPS listings and
(b) you are not allowed to make your equipment fudge CLI data so as to
defeat ACR (effectively implementing section 8.3 of the EU's Telecoms Data
Protection Directive 97/66/EC). Same regulations prohibit delivering a
premium number as CLI. There is nothing there at all to require you to
provide CLI if you don't want to.  You could also look at section 6.2.1 of
Oftel's CLI guide (latest draft is 19 Sept 2002) which explicitly
contradicts your claim. Extremely similar laws, regulations, and directives
apply to fax. Of course I'm not a lawyer so you can't rely on my
interpretations of these laws, and maybe the rules have changed since Sept
19th last (but I think I would have heard about it if they had).  Of course
the telco knows who the caller is but that's not CLI at the receiver.

There is an EU directive making unsolicited bulk email illegal - bulk email
is legal only if the recipient has opted in (but watch out: "opt in" is a
legal term which doesn't mean what you probably think it means); this is
quite a lot stronger than the telephone directive (which only enforces the
TPS).  So if we could identify senders and track them down we could at least
have a decent attack on spam originating in the EU. Of course there are US
regulations about this too (I think the US rules are a good deal weaker than
the European ones in that you can spam someone as much as you like provided
you give them an opt out method that will work sometime in the future, but
even weak rules are still potentially useful).

 > I remember a very interesting discussion some years ago in uk.telecom
 > about the actual procedure required to get/force phone companies to
withdraw all
 > phone services from the offender if they withold CLI. As witholding CLI
is pretty
 > much a de facto standard for the vast majority of UC phone calls and the
vast
 > majority of recuitment agencies - they are all risking the removal of all
telephone
 > services if a complaint is made (correctly).

I think whoever took part in that discussion may have been confusing
non-spoofing of ACR with CLI (you can withhold CLI but you must not defeat
ACR either by faking CLI or by fooling the receiver into thinking CLI is
just unavailable when you've actually withheld it), or may even have been
confused between CLI and TPS: the Telecommunications (Data Protection and
Privacy) (Direct Marketing) Regulations 1998 (now superseded by the ones
mentioned above)introduced  punishment for "direct marketers" (telephone/fax
spammers) who ignored TPS.

 >
 > Evidently the same goes for commercial FAX (but I have no corroboration
on
 > this).

The fax rules are much the same as the telephone rules.

 > Quite simply electronic communication (phone fax etc) is reasonably clear
and
 > if you know how (and are a persistent sod) can be applied with little
cost.

Yes, if you use TPS you will get very little phone or fax spam originating
in the EU. Using ACR will help too.

 > Email will have safegards within the EU but enforcement is not something
 > that joe public will have any real input in. (one law for the rich etc).

The EU email law is STRONGER than the EU phone/fax law, but the problems as
you say are in enforcement.


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From: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: [OT] Mailing list alternatives  (was RE: [Asrg] Let's try something different)
Organization: Ready-to-Run Software, Inc.
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> It might be a cool alternative to current mailing lists though.

This is at least the second time someone has mentioned mailing
lists and mailing list alternatives, with Usenet newsgroups
having been mentioned at least once.

Let me point out (in case it isn't obvious) that a large variety
of web-based bulletin board systems already serve as alternatives.
In my opinion, the concept is very successful and far superior
to conventional mailing lists.  Whether the economic models of
the service sites that run them will be successful is another
story.

This is only relevant to this list to the extent that such
alternatives introduce questions about the role of mailing lists
as a major mode of email usage in the future.

Gary

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] The Consent 4-Tuple 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 07 Mar 2003 09:23:57 GMT."
             <E18rE57-0006qN-00@argon.connect.org.uk> 
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 05:47:57 -0500

"Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com> wrote:
> > The sender always "consents" to send the mail (modulo accidents). So we
> > would never see mail that it is unlikely that the Sender MUA would work
> > in a way against the senders wishes. And it would be totalitarian indeed
> > if it did. 
> 
> I'm not sure that that's always the case.

  Take virus.  The email originator is often an individual with a
laptop, who *isn't* running mail/virus filters, so they're (0,*,*,*)
for viruses.  This allows the viruses to spam themselves to hundreds
of people.

  With a virus scanner installed, the originators are (-,*,*,*) for
that problem, and therefore don't contribute to the spam problem.

> As has been said earlier on this list, we need to identify the
> entities giving and seeking consent (and the precise nature of that
> consent?), Alans algebra works towards that. We also need to
> characterise the "communication". This may include consideration of
> endpoints (or other traffic characteristics - rate?) as well as
> content.

  I agree.  Without some kind of short-hand notation, we're left with
statements like "the originator failed to indicate non-consent, the
MTA's had no opinion, and the recipient filtered out the email as spam
from a virus".  I find it (0,0,0,-) much simpler, and much more
definitively descriptive of the situation.

  Alan DeKok.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Date: 07 Mar 2003 09:57:09 -0600

In <Pine.LNX.4.21.0303062356410.16780-100000@spiral> Nate W <asrg@natew.com> writes:

> I've heard a similar objection to simple confirmation whitelists, and my
> answer is "feature."  If the sender values the message so little that they
> won't do something simple to get it through to me, then there's no reason
> that I should value it enough to read it.

One idea I have heard of to make this kind of system much more useful
in practice is to run a spam scanner (such as SpamAssassin) on the
email.  If the email is classified as not-spam, don't send the
confirmation request.

The occasional false positive means that the sender has to jump
through a hoop.  If your confirmation message explains that the spam
filter detected it as spam and why, people are going to be much more
understanding about why they are being requested to jump through a
hoop.

The occasional false negative means you need to blacklist that person.


Of course, SpamAssassin already has auto whitelists/blacklists.


-wayne

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Stamps
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 11:08:33 -0500


-----Original Message-----
From: Keith Moore [mailto:moore@cs.utk.edu]
Sent: Friday, March 07, 2003 10:12 AM
To: David Jameson
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps



> Spam exists because there is an (almost zero) fixed cost associated with 
> sending it out.

false.  snail mail spam exists despite having significant costs associated
with sending it.

-- False. Snail mail spam exists because the return is higher than cost. So,
David is still right.



*****
"The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to
which it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary, and/or
privileged material. Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use
of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or
entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited. If you received
this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from all
computers."
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From: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Organization: Ready-to-Run Software, Inc.
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Subject: [Asrg] On the need for reliable, objective data
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I've seen a number of posts containing statements of the
form "most spam does X", "most spammers do X", "most of 
the cost is X", "many users need X", etc.

These are essentially conclusions that, to be valid,
should be drawn from objective, reliable data.  However,
such data are rarely cited to substantiate these
conclusions.  The only ones that stick out are of the
form "This is what we see on our systems," which while
objective, are single samples in a large sample space.

Does the ASRG have a need for more reliable data to
either confirm or refute statements of this sort?  If
so, there are at least two tactical questions:

How should such data be managed, stored, reviewed,
made available to the public, etc?  

What data is needed and how should it be collected?
(OK, maybe that's three questions.)

Gary

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To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX & DNS: double advantage
References: <20030307094119.GA2821@danisch.de>
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Date: 07 Mar 2003 10:36:43 -0600

In <20030307094119.GA2821@danisch.de> Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> writes:

> Imagine an attacker wants to block e-mail traffic from 
> A.com to B.com. All he needs to do is to send a fake message
> with sender address A.com to B.com to cause B.com's DNS to 
> ask for A.com's RMX entry, and to send a fake answer with a 
> random address in the RMX entry and a long TTL. From now on, 
> B.com will reject messages from A.com.


It should be pointed out that DNSBLs, including domain specific
DNSBLs, use the *absence* of an A record as an indication that IP
address is ok.  Negative DNS responses are generally not cached
anywhere near as log as positive results.  I do not know if this was a
design decision on the part of DNSBLs, or just a result of it being
easier to create that way.

However, the results of using domain specific DNSBLs instead of RMX
records are:

1) An attacker must *prevent* a DNS response instead of creating a
   bogus DNS response.

2) The results of a successful attack generally won't last as long.

3) In the (hopefully) typical case of valid email, there is a higher
   load on blacklists, including DSDNSBLs.  This doesn't seem to be a
   huge problem for DNSBLs, but it is worth point out.


Anyway, I still don't know why people would prefer RMX records over
domain specific DNSBLs.  DSDNSBLs, after all, can be trivially
implemented today, while RMX records require bind changes.


-wayne




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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, david@thejamesons.com, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps
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> > Spam exists because there is an (almost zero) fixed cost associated with 
> > sending it out.
> 
> false.  snail mail spam exists despite having significant costs associated
> with sending it.
> 
> -- False. Snail mail spam exists because the return is higher than cost.

That doesn't contradict my assertion.

Let me put it a different way:

Artifically increasing the cost of email will not prevent spam.  It will
reduce spam.  It will change who uses spam to advertise.  It will also reduce
the volume of email that we want to receive.

A large percentage of the snail mail I receive is spam, something like 75%. 
One reason snail mail spam is not as annoying as email spam is that the
overall volume of snail mail is lower, so it's easier to deal with the spam
portion of it.  But the overall volume of snail mail is lower than that of
email precisely because snail mail is so much more expensive than email (both
in terms of money and effort).

If we increase the cost of sending email, we'll find that many of the best
things about email - e.g. that it makes it easy for us to keep in touch with
people with whom we would not otherwise do so - will be gone.  And we'll still
be getting spam, it will just be 'slicker', and trying to sell us different
products.  And the folks who are sending it will claim that they have a right
to do so.

Keith




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"Sauer, Damon" wrote:

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Keith Moore [mailto:moore@cs.utk.edu]
> Sent: Friday, March 07, 2003 10:12 AM
> To: David Jameson
> Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps
>
> > Spam exists because there is an (almost zero) fixed cost associated with
> > sending it out.
>
> false.  snail mail spam exists despite having significant costs associated
> with sending it.
>
> -- False. Snail mail spam exists because the return is higher than cost. So,
> David is still right.
>

--False. There is still a fixed cost involved and it is not unsubstantial,
regardless of the return.

--
Michael Ellis
Privacy Manager
Date.com
  Phone   (416) 306-0022 ext 620
  Fax     (416) 306-0023

Date.com - "The New Way To Date"


--------------9BEA589A6B146B9ADBEC673C
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<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
<html>
&nbsp;
<p>"Sauer, Damon" wrote:
<blockquote TYPE=CITE>-----Original Message-----
<br>From: Keith Moore [<a href="mailto:moore@cs.utk.edu">mailto:moore@cs.utk.edu</a>]
<br>Sent: Friday, March 07, 2003 10:12 AM
<br>To: David Jameson
<br>Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu; asrg@ietf.org
<br>Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps
<p>> Spam exists because there is an (almost zero) fixed cost associated
with
<br>> sending it out.
<p>false.&nbsp; snail mail spam exists despite having significant costs
associated
<br>with sending it.
<p>-- False. Snail mail spam exists because the return is higher than cost.
So,
<br>David is still right.
<br><a href="https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg"></a>&nbsp;</blockquote>

<p><br>--False. There is still a fixed cost involved and it is not unsubstantial,
regardless of the return.
<p>--
<br>Michael Ellis
<br>Privacy Manager
<br>Date.com
<br>&nbsp; Phone&nbsp;&nbsp; (416) 306-0022 ext 620
<br>&nbsp; Fax&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (416) 306-0023
<p>Date.com - "The New Way To Date"
<br>&nbsp;</html>

--------------9BEA589A6B146B9ADBEC673C--


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>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Keith Moore [mailto:moore@cs.utk.edu]
> Sent: Friday, March 07, 2003 10:12 AM
> To: David Jameson
> Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps
> > Spam exists because there is an (almost zero) fixed cost associated with
> > sending it out.
> false.  snail mail spam exists despite having significant costs associated
> with sending it.
> -- False. Snail mail spam exists because the return is higher than cost. So,
>
> David is still right.
>
> --False. There is still a fixed cost involved and it is not unsubstantial,
> regardless of the return.
>
> ---- False. If cost exceeded return it would not exist. Basic economics.
>
> Can we go for one more ;-)

-------False. Snail mail spam exists without any return at all as in politician
solicitations. No measureable return and since only one politician can win and
the others lose, some get no return however intangible to measure

--
Michael Ellis
Privacy Manager
Date.com
  Phone   (416) 306-0022 ext 620
  Fax     (416) 306-0023

Date.com - "The New Way To Date"



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Date: 07 Mar 2003 11:03:31 -0600

In <20030307101045.425bdc4e.moore@cs.utk.edu> Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu> writes:

> > [Alan DeKok lists a bunch of attributes that STMP has that
> >  contribute to the SPAM problem]
>
> that's not a bug, it's a desirable feature

I think the attributes of SMTP that Alan listed *do* indeed contribute
to the problems with spam on SMTP.  Whether it is a bug or a feature
is a different topic.

I disagree that all of these attributes are completely desirable
features, however.

For example:


> >   - clients can claim to be anyone
> 
> that's not a bug, it's a desirable feature

I do not think that it is a desirable feature that anyone can claim to
be anyone.  *Some* people may want anyone to be able to claim to be
them.  From what I can tell, *most* people only want themselves to be
able to claim to be them.  *Some* people want to be able to claim to
be themselves from many different ISPs.

I suspect that *most* people wouldn't care or even notice if this
attribute of SMTP disappeared, especially if they could still claim to
be themselves from any ISP that they wanted.  I think problem is how
to do the latter.

> >   - servers can amplify the problem
> 
> that's not a bug, it's a desirable feature.  

In this case, I would say that the attribute of SMTP isn't that the
server can amplify the problem, but that it can amplify the problem to
arbitrarily large degrees.  Rate limiting seems to be a very popular
thing to do and it seems to work reasonably well in many cases.


-wayne

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Keith Moore wrote:
>>Spam exists because there is an (almost zero) fixed cost associated with 
>>sending it out.
> 
> 
> false.  snail mail spam exists despite having significant costs associated
> with sending it.

But despite it having been in existance for, what?, 50+ years, the 
"striker equivalent" isn't getting 1,000,000 snail mail ads a day. Or 
even at a more normal level, few people are getting, even 5 per day.

The economics are simply that the break-even rate, instead of being "a 
few in a hundred" as it is with snail mail spam, some spammers can 
"prosper"[*] with a return of "one in a million".

[*] Be leary of claims.  Most spammers who claim to be raking in the 
megabucks are actually, currently, in flight from the repo man ;-)  Eg: 
Jef Slaton (if you remember who he was).

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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'Keith Moore'" <moore@cs.utk.edu>,
        "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
Cc: david@thejamesons.com, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Stamps
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 12:11:04 -0500



-----Original Message-----
From: Keith Moore [mailto:moore@cs.utk.edu]
Sent: Friday, March 07, 2003 11:59 AM
To: Sauer, Damon
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu; david@thejamesons.com; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps


> > Spam exists because there is an (almost zero) fixed cost associated with

> > sending it out.
> 
> false.  snail mail spam exists despite having significant costs associated
> with sending it.
> 
> -- False. Snail mail spam exists because the return is higher than cost.

That doesn't contradict my assertion.

Let me put it a different way:

Artifically increasing the cost of email will not prevent spam.  It will
reduce spam.  It will change who uses spam to advertise.  It will also
reduce
the volume of email that we want to receive.

A large percentage of the snail mail I receive is spam, something like 75%. 
One reason snail mail spam is not as annoying as email spam is that the
overall volume of snail mail is lower, so it's easier to deal with the spam
portion of it.  But the overall volume of snail mail is lower than that of
email precisely because snail mail is so much more expensive than email
(both
in terms of money and effort).

If we increase the cost of sending email, we'll find that many of the best
things about email - e.g. that it makes it easy for us to keep in touch with
people with whom we would not otherwise do so - will be gone.  And we'll
still
be getting spam, it will just be 'slicker', and trying to sell us different
products.  And the folks who are sending it will claim that they have a
right
to do so.

----- I too will put as simply as possible. Economics 101:

If (Cost > Return) then (Profit) = 0 (or gosh LESS than 0 - I suppose there
could be some philanthropic spammers out there)
Increased cost = Decreased Profit
Increased cost > profit = Bankruptcy


Regards,
Damon






*****
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From: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>
To: "'ietf anti-spam research group'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world) (fwd)
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> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of william@elan.net
> Sent: Thursday, March 06, 2003 11:53 PM
... 
> Ok, you're right - ietf are good with technology and set FROM 
> in the mail 
> transmission to mailing list (which actually causes some spam 
> filters to 
> think email is forged), but there are mail lists and 
> forwarding systems 
> that do not do this and set FROM to the original sender. 

I think this is backwards.  The mail headers I see from this
mailing list keep From: set to the original sender, and add
a Sender: field identifying asrg-admin as the true sender.
MS Outlook 2002, for what it's worth, reasonably interprets
these fields to combine them with the "on behalf of" 
verbiage illustrated above.

Gary

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Gary Feldman wrote:

> This is only relevant to this list to the extent that such
> alternatives introduce questions about the role of mailing lists
> as a major mode of email usage in the future.

In the large scale, perhaps.  But when you realize that every receiver 
list is tantamount to a mailing list, and things like web-based chat 
groups don't scale down to the small, you'll realize that the overall 
number of mailing lists are unlikely to go down.

So, whatever we come up with should be compatible _at least_ with BCP in 
mailing lists.

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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.COM>
To: "'Michael Ellis'" <mike@date.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Stamps
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 12:18:56 -0500

-----Original Message-----
From: Michael Ellis [mailto:mike@date.com]
Sent: Friday, March 07, 2003 12:03 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps


>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Keith Moore [mailto:moore@cs.utk.edu]
> Sent: Friday, March 07, 2003 10:12 AM
> To: David Jameson
> Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps
> > Spam exists because there is an (almost zero) fixed cost associated with
> > sending it out.
> false.  snail mail spam exists despite having significant costs associated
> with sending it.
> -- False. Snail mail spam exists because the return is higher than cost.
So,
>
> David is still right.
>
> --False. There is still a fixed cost involved and it is not unsubstantial,
> regardless of the return.
>
> ---- False. If cost exceeded return it would not exist. Basic economics.
>
> Can we go for one more ;-)

-------False. Snail mail spam exists without any return at all as in
politician
solicitations. No measureable return and since only one politician can win
and
the others lose, some get no return however intangible to measure

 
------- False. Return = Value- which may or may not be directly monetary but
somebody is making money somewhere over and/or above the cost of the
service. (Trying to imagine a broke politician)

Can we go for one more ;-)


Regards,
Damon


*****
"The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to
which it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary, and/or
privileged material. Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use
of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or
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To: David Jameson <david@thejamesons.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 12:18:32 -0500
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> I don't recall mentioning snail mail and in the context of this group, I 
> think it's reasonable to assume that 'spam' means electronic junk mail.
> 
> In fact, I don't believe I've ever heard junk mail that comes by snail 
> referred to as spam.

I get email spam, snail mail spam, fax spam, and phone spam.

only the first is within the purview of this group, but I do think that
comparisons are sometimes useful.

unsolicited advertising is annoying no matter what form it takes.

Keith
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: David Jameson <david@thejamesons.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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> Requiring senders to pay would make them accountable.

not unless you could somehow vary the cost according to how annoying the
message is.  if the cost per message is the same no matter who sends it or
what the message says, there's no cost I could set which is high enough to
deter spammers and low enough to not deter people I want to receive mail from.

Keith

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From: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
Organization: Ready-to-Run Software, Inc.
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> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Keith Moore
> Sent: Friday, March 07, 2003 9:44 AM

> - should not prevent delivery of legitimate mail
> - should not adversely impact valuable functionality

Let me observe that there is no agreement (yet) on the
definition of legitimate mail, nor on the definition of
valuable functionality.  But at least "valuable functionality"
is a better choice than "all existing functionality."

> - should not depend on universal deployment to be effective

This is highly desirable, but not a rigid requirement.  If
there are no solutions that reach the desirable level of
effectiveness without universal deployment, then a solution
that requires it should be considered.  

Also, "depend on universal deployment" is vague.  If I
choose to adopt an email solution that requires senders to
me to use a particular new technology in order to reach me,
is that a dependency on universal deployment?  

Gary

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To: Jon Kyme <jrk@merseymail.com>
cc: Chris Fedde <cfedde@viawest.net>, asrg@ietf.org, aland@freeradius.org
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 12:31:47 -0500 (EST)

On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Jon Kyme wrote:

> >
> > The sender always "consents" to send the mail (modulo accidents). So we

> I'm not sure that that's always the case.  For instance,

If the concept is expanded slightly its most certainly not the case - if
the tuples are defined to represent the actual, real, one and only,
entities then non-consent would apply to items with forged identities.
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: On the need for reliable, objective data
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 12:31:00 -0500 (EST)

[List volume too high; I've switched to digest mode]

From: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>

> I've seen a number of posts containing statements of the
> form "most spam does X", "most spammers do X", "most of
> the cost is X", "many users need X", etc.

> Does the ASRG have a need for more reliable data to
> either confirm or refute statements of this sort?

Yes!

> If so, there are at least two tactical questions:

> How should such data be managed, stored, reviewed,
> made available to the public, etc?

I think a mechanism similar to DCC could be good.  We need a way for
lots of sensors to dump information into the collection network.  We
need a way to decide what summaries of the data are useful.  And we need
a way to extract the data without compromising privacy.  (e.g., report
SHA1 hashes of addresses rather than addresses themselves.)

> What data is needed and how should it be collected?

I think some useful data would be the following:

- Number of RCPT commands from a given IP
- Number of RCPT commands from a given IP that fail due to unknown recipient
- Number of DSN's that bounce, correlated with originating IP.  It might
  be dangerous to put too much stock in this statistic, as others have
  pointed out.
- Number of IP addresses from which a "substantially similar" message is
  received within the last x hours.  (Getting the same message from a
  lot of different IP's might be an indication of spam.)  Collecting
  this data should be a simple modification of Razor or DCC.

We have to look at what we, the recipients, control, and only trust that.

The spammer controls:

- The sender address, so that's worthless as a filtering tool.
- The message headers and body, so checksum schemes can be defeated
  relatively easily, as can most content-filtering techniques.  (Sorry,
  guys; them's the breaks.)
- The originating IP address.  This is pretty difficult to fake.
- The reverse-DNS of the originating IP address.  Depending on the situation,
  this might be very easy or a little expensive to fake.  If you're spamming
  through thousands of open-proxies, it's probably more trouble than it's
  worth to try to fake the rDNS entries for them all.  If you're sending from
  your box, it might be worth your time to get it to look like
  smtp-out.yahoo.com.

We control, or can conceivably control:

- The response from our SMTP servers.
- Our own e-mail addresses.
- To some extent, the spammer's mailing list, via responsible poisoning.

<soapbox>
I think any scheme that relies on things beyond our control is doomed.
My proposals (1) to look at bounce ratios across a wide proportion of the
Internet, (2) to implement a simple way to generate and use disposable
e-mail addresses, and (3) to use responsible list-poisoning, are, I think,
useful because they actually do things that are expensive for spammers to
sidestep.
</soapbox>

--
David.
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Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 12:37:25 -0500


In 
 https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00753.html
Keith Moore writes:

  > Requiring senders to pay would make them accountable.

 *not unless you could somehow vary the cost according to how annoying the
 *message is.  if the cost per message is the same no matter who sends it or
 *what the message says, there's no cost I could set which is high enough to
 *deter spammers and low enough to not deter people I want to receive mail from.
 *Keith


Agreed. Thus, there has to be a scheme that would allow people to send
wanted mail at zero cost and at some non-zero cost for unwanted mail. 
A receiver, as busy as Keith, say, could insist validly that cost to 
sender of unwanted mail be high but ensure that wanted mail senders 
bear zero cost. I believe such a scheme is doable if we thought of 
liability rather than cost.

cheers,
bala

Balachander Krishnamurthy

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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Balachander Krishnamurthy <bala@research.att.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] requirements for a proposed solution + notion of consent
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On Fri, 07 Mar 2003 10:37:56 -0500
Balachander Krishnamurthy <bala@research.att.com> wrote:

> 
> keith moore suggests the following criteria for potential solutions in
>    https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00726.html
> 
> - should minimize spam to some acceptable level (say, 0.1% of received
> messages)- should not prevent delivery of legitimate mail
> - should not adversely impact valuable functionality
> - should be easy to use (even for grandma)
> - should be easy to deploy, incrementally
> - should not depend on universal deployment to be effective
> - should provide incentives to deploy for those doing the deployment
> 
> all of the above are laudable goals. i would like to add a few more
> 
> - senders and receivers of wanted (i prefer the term wanted over
> "legitimate") mail should not have to pay additional monetary costs 

I agree, but I'd say this differently - I'd say we don't want to raise the
burden of sending email (for the purpose of deterring spam) so high that it
deters  people from sending mail we want to receive.  this applies to monetary
costs, having to reply to confirmation messages, having to get prior
authorization, whatever.

> - no new protocol should be required to implement such solutions (maybe this
> is covered in 'easy to deploy')

I think it's premature to say that.  Replacing the existing mail system would
probably be too onerous.  But some new protocol, somewhere, might be required.
This would not bother me if it could be incrementally deployed, if there were
natural incentives to deploy it, etc.

> - there should be no additional impact on privacy of participants as a
> result of such solutions

a laudable goal, I think.

Keith
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To: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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> > >   - clients can claim to be anyone
> > 
> > that's not a bug, it's a desirable feature
> 
> I do not think that it is a desirable feature that anyone can claim to
> be anyone.  *Some* people may want anyone to be able to claim to be
> them.  From what I can tell, *most* people only want themselves to be
> able to claim to be them.  

1. an email address is not an identity.  it's just an identifier. it doesn't
have to have any purpose other than having a mailbox associated with it. 
also, an email address can be bound to any person or group or random
association of people.  finally, relatively few people have email addresses
that match their legal names with any precision. 

2. sending documents on other people's behalf is a widespread and
valuable practice.  secretaries regularly sign documents on behalf
of their bosses.  yes, they should do so only when granted the 
authority to do so - but we don't tend to have mechanisms in place
to prevent them from doing so.  (with a few exceptions - signature
stamps for payroll checks are likely to be tightly controlled)

> *Some* people want to be able to claim to be themselves from many different
> ISPs.
> 
> I suspect that *most* people wouldn't care or even notice if this
> attribute of SMTP disappeared,

If we only allowed the Internet to support features that most people cared
about, the only apps it would support would be the web and email.

Keith
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To: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
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> ----- I too will put as simply as possible. Economics 101:
> 
> If (Cost > Return) then (Profit) = 0 (or gosh LESS than 0 - I suppose there
> could be some philanthropic spammers out there)
> Increased cost = Decreased Profit
> Increased cost > profit = Bankruptcy

how do you measure the profit derived from sending mail to a friend?
how do you decide whether the return from doing so will be great enough
to justify the cost?  especially when that cost could be spent on food,
rent, etc?

your attempt to reduce the value of human communication to monetary terms is
based on false premises. it is also offensive.

Keith
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
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Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps
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> The economics are simply that the break-even rate, instead of being "a 
> few in a hundred" as it is with snail mail spam, some spammers can 
> "prosper"[*] with a return of "one in a million".

if you raise the cost of sending spam then the spam will be more targeted. 
that doesn't mean we'll get much less of it than we (okay, most of us) are
getting now.  

the DMA members would love to spam us more, but they realize that it won't be
effective for them to do so until they get rid of the "bottom feeder"
spammers.  personally I think they're all bottom feeders.
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To: Gary Feldman <gaf@rtr.com>
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Subject: RE: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world) (fwd)
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That is because you do not see in the header FROM as was set during mail 
transmission (when one mail server connects to another before initiating 
data transmission it sends out FROM (sender) and RCPT (recepient) commands.

Some email servers will keep this around and consider spam any email where 
during transmission FROM is not equivalent to "From" header. Such software 
is hotmail for example. Because many mailing lists (quite appropriatly) 
set FROM during transmission to their own, these get classified as SPAM 
and mailing lists have to be whitelisted. If RMX or RTDNSBL are implemented, 
thse mail filters (checking FROM in transmission and "From" in header) 
have to be implemented as much as RTDNSBL because otherwise spammers would 
just begin to set absolutly different FROM during transmission to domain 
that does not have RMX and still use their preferred forgery domain in "From"
header which will make you think email came from that domain and send spam 
report to them. Now as I mention those mailing lists that actually set 
FROM during transmission to actual sender (taking it from "From" header)
are all also have to be whitelisted bacause otherwise RMX software would 
think email is being forged because sender mailing list is not authorized
to send email for this domain. In the end no matter what we do ALL mailing 
lists have to be whitelisted for RMX or RTDNSBL.

This matter has been discussed before and everybody agreed that all of 
the various RMX proposals break mailinglists and that they would have to 
be whitelisted. Some pointed out that those using hotmail already 
whitelist mailing lists on regular basis and do it on per-user level - but 
that is because email is classified by HOTMAIL as either spam or not and 
their email servers do not answer with 500 but just based either send 
email to regular folder or spam folder for each user, allowing filters to 
be implimented on per-user level. Current DNSBL and RMX proposals actually
do send 500 answer during email transmission, which means whitelisting of 
mailing lists have to be done on per-mailserver basis and this is a 
problem for ISPs.

I hope I explained this all correctly and fully so everybody can understand,
this has been discussed before and no solution has been given yet that would
not allow for spammer to also use the same solution to get around the filters.
In my opinion until somebody tells me how to deal with mailing list problem 
RMX should not be implemented, if we do have a solution, then sure - RMX 
or RTDNSBL can be done - it'll not stop spam but just limit forgeries to 
different domains, but nothing bad would happen from it then and if there 
is some good, then why not do it.

On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Gary Feldman wrote:

> 
> > From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> > Behalf Of william@elan.net
> > Sent: Thursday, March 06, 2003 11:53 PM
> ... 
> > Ok, you're right - ietf are good with technology and set FROM 
> > in the mail 
> > transmission to mailing list (which actually causes some spam 
> > filters to 
> > think email is forged), but there are mail lists and 
> > forwarding systems 
> > that do not do this and set FROM to the original sender. 
> 
> I think this is backwards.  The mail headers I see from this
> mailing list keep From: set to the original sender, and add
> a Sender: field identifying asrg-admin as the true sender.
> MS Outlook 2002, for what it's worth, reasonably interprets
> these fields to combine them with the "on behalf of" 
> verbiage illustrated above.
> 
> Gary
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Date: 07 Mar 2003 11:51:55 -0600

In <00d101c2e4cc$a9fa4e10$4d9cf140@rtr.com> "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com> writes:

> 
> I think this is backwards.  The mail headers I see from this
> mailing list keep From: set to the original sender, and add
> a Sender: field identifying asrg-admin as the true sender.

There is a difference between the From_ header and the From: header.


As William points out, this raises the point of "which headers should
be authenticated?"

Because I cut and pasted code, my 20 line patch to SpamAssassin
currently checks the From_ header and the Reply-to: header.  I'm not
sure if that is the right thing to do.  The Sender: header should
certainly be considered, but as others have pointed out, you will get
false positives.

One thing I like about SpamAssassin is that a false positive on one
test will not automatically cause a false positive as a result.  So,
now that I've implemented a domain specific DNSBL for midwestcs.com,
if someone sends me email forged to say that it came from
midwestcs.com, it will likely still make it into my inbox.  Unless, of
course, there are several other indications that it is spam.


Personally, the biggest problem I've had with "people" forging my
domain name is from KLEZ worms and such.  I've had several people
nastily accuse me of sending them the worm, just because the worm
forged my name.



-wayne

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From: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>
To: <william@elan.net>
Cc: "'ietf anti-spam research group'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world) (fwd)
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> From: william@elan.net [mailto:william@elan.net] 
> Sent: Friday, March 07, 2003 10:59 AM

> That is because you do not see in the header FROM as was set 
> during mail 
> transmission (when one mail server connects to another before 

Actually, it's more because I'm used to seeing it labelled the
"MAIL FROM:" command, and not simply FROM (to more clearly
disambiguate it from the FROM header).  But I suppose different
subgroups fall into different habits in terminology.

Gary

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At 8:53 AM -0500 3/7/03, Bill Yerazunis wrote:
>When the fraction I/P for any SMTP sender exceeds the administrative
>parameter P, the offending IP host may be automatically subjected by
>the MTA software to the following sanctions:

I know of at least one ISP (and I'm sure there are others) that do 
this.  He blocks based on bounces.  As soon as he blocks an IP, 
another one starts sending him the spam.  This goes on for thousands 
of IPs.

I seriously wonder if there isn't some rather sophisticated 
distributed server spam software running out there on rooted servers, 
and we just haven't figured it out yet.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 12:35:00 -0500

At 11:40 PM -0800 3/6/03, Nate W wrote:
>  > But fundamentally whitelisting fails without authentication.
>
>Fails occasionally, and would be greatly improved without authentication,

It fails occasionally only because whitelisting is not widely used. 
Use it widely and the spammers will adapt.  I just had to reply to 
someone's damn challenge response system on this list.  Any spammer 
wanting to hit people on this list need only browse the archive, 
construct a list of who spoke to whom, and spam away.

>but I think it's only a couple good client implementations away from
>acceptance by a sizable chunk of the market.  As filters go, it works very
>well and requires little maintenance.

Given the correct UI I will grant that it requires little maintenance 
for individuals who talk to their friends.  It requires quite a bit 
for individuals who rely on email for their day-to-day business.  But 
the point is, and I think a large number of people have already made 
it on this list, that solutions that require changing the MUA are 
less likely to gain acceptance than systems at the MTA level.

>How would you propose using strong authentication for the 'reciept from a
>merchant' scenario?  Or would you?
>
>More interestingly, how do you propose adding authentication to email, in
>general?

Of the systems I've seen proposed, I currently lean towards domain 
authorization.  Is this MTA allowed to send email from this domain? 
To that I would add a fallback that says, if not, is this *user* 
authorized to send email from this domain?  The first is a simple DNS 
lookup.  The second requires cryptographic tokens.  I would combine 
that with a public distributed checksum database, fed by the major 
ISPs (who must be authorized to join it, and who must meet certain 
standards of behavior).  I would then argue for a gradual system that 
works like this.

1. Initially ISPs only block bulk email that doesn't match the 
authorized domain standard.
2. Over time as companies move to protect their domains (and that is 
the incentive--protecting yourself from forgery), they can (or 
individuals can) block based on domain or personal authentication 
even for non-bulk email.  Note that at this point there is still no 
MUA change required unless you are sending email from a location 
other than one authorized by your domain.

I think that meets the necessary requirements of placing changes in 
the locations where they are most likely to be made, and providing 
for a gradual path to greater and greater security.

What I don't know in that model, is how we deal with malicious ISPs.

At 12:08 AM -0800 3/7/03, Nate W wrote:
>  If the sender values the message so little that they
>won't do something simple to get it through to me, then there's no reason
>that I should value it enough to read it.
You missed the point of the original poster.  The value of my sending 
you a bug report is far greater to you than to me.  I can walk away 
without losing anything.  You lose big.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 12:13:49 -0500

At 10:53 AM -0500 3/6/03, Pierre Fortin wrote:
>of control back very simply: enforce path verifiability.  Once the path is
>verifiable, much spam will crawl back into its hole, IMO.

I think it might be valuable to classify spam a bit here, so that we 
can identify what kinds of solutions address what types of spam.

In particular, there are a growing number of spammers who are using 
perfectly identifiable paths.  Some of those paths lead to public 
ISPs, such that blocking the spammer also results in blocking 
legitimate users.  The Chinese spam I get from 163.net certainly 
doesn't hide the fact that it comes from 163.net.  Nor do they care 
if I block it.  Because the people who can't block it are the people 
who regularly communicate with people in China and can't afford to 
block a Chinese ISP.  And those of course are also the people who can 
read the spam.  I'm just collateral damage.

The bcc spammers who are using temporary webmail accounts are also 
completely path verifiable.  They simply don't care that the account 
will be torn down in a number of hours.  Much of the Spanish Prisoner 
(aka Nigerian) seems to fall into that category.

So, how about a start on a taxonomy for spam.  Not based on content, 
but on the class of technique.

1. Open Relay
Uses an open relay to send spam.  The relay is typically a loosely 
configured, misconfigured, or buggy mail server.  The server may or 
may not normally send email.  The sender typically attempts to 
obscure the true source of the email via fake headers or other 
information.  But the original email account is probably throw-away. 
There's no particular reason the spammer couldn't use the domain of 
the relay in the sending email if an "authorized server only" system 
was set up.

2. Open Proxy
Like an open-relay, except that the email arrives via a different 
protocol, so there is usually no trace.  HTTP/Socks proxies fit this 
category.  As do formmail exploits. Rooted servers can also be used 
for this purpose.

3. BCC
Uses a throwaway email account sending multiple messages bcc'd to the 
sender.  Very difficult to tell from normal email use.

4. Viral
Uses a virus or trojan to send email using the machine owner's 
account and/or identity. These appear to be on the rise.  I've heard 
of viral ones, but never seen it documented.  Trojan ones are 
definitely in use.  In addition some of the trojan's (e.g. the latest 
e-card one) are reported to have been snarfing the address book back 
to the spammer--thus making hay of white-listing systems.

5. Spam Indifferent Host
Uses a paid account at a legitimate ISP for sending spam.  Very 
common in Chinese spam.  No attempt to forge anything.

6. Spam Friendly Host
Major spammer with the infrastructure and pipes for sending bulk 
email directly.  They may or may not hide the domain.  In one case 
we've dealt with the spammer regularly registers new domains every 
few weeks and uses those as the source of the email.  The IPs keep 
changing.  The domains keep changing.

Any others?

Looking at these.  You want to think on different spam solutions and 
see where they have an impact and where they don't.  For instance.

Blacklists help against open relays and open proxies.  But there open 
relay blacklists have false positives and considerable collateral 
damage.  Open proxy blacklists seem a bit safer, but still can have 
collateral damage.  Both systems might survive an "IP is authorized 
to send mail for this domain" system, depending on the details and 
how tightly they were applied.

BCC spam is very difficult to tell from legit email.  Only by content 
or "bulkness".  It passes any authentication system just fine. 
Volume limits and manual signup systems help limit this, but not 
enough so far.  And both rely on the goodness of the source site, 
which is not sufficient.

Viral spam has even worse characteristics than BCC spam, since it 
also can punch through whitelists, including auto-whitelisting 
challenge-response systems.

Spam indifferent hosts are a real pain.  You can't necessarily 
blacklist them.  You have very little power over them unless the 
entire community bands together, and if that happens things could 
spill over into diplomatic circles.

Spam friendly hosts are easier to block.  But of course finding a 
reliable RBL that doesn't generate false positives is tough.  And if 
it were that easy, you'd think they'd be gone by now, instead of 
growing in number.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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To: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Do we need to do anything?
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 12:47:43 -0500

At 8:58 AM -0500 3/7/03, Jim Youll wrote:
>The numbers for the Nigerians were estimated in the last few weeks 
>at about one million dollars, total, for all instances of the scam 
>worldwide, ever. If

Maybe that's the numbers for Nigeria proper, but certainly it seems 
to be earning *somebody* money:

http://www.wired.com/news/business/0,1367,55329,00.html
>According to court records, from February to August 2002, Poet moved 
>$2.1 million, in amounts ranging from $9,400 to $360,000 per wire 
>transfer, from the accounts of Olsman Mueller & James -- a Berkley, 
>Michigan, law firm where she was employed -- to various bank 
>accounts in South Africa and Taiwan.


-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Locked addresses (was Do we need to do anything?
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 12:52:00 -0500

At 9:22 AM -0500 3/7/03, David F. Skoll wrote:
>On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>
>>  You then describe an incredibly complex scheme whereby I am unable to
>>  send anyone email unless I have with me a piece of software which
>>  knows where I am, how I am currently able to communicate with
>>  everyone, and which address is appropriate to use under the current
>>  circumstances.
>
>It is not incredibly complex; many people have already implemented bits of it.

That sounds more like support of my claim than a rebuttal.  :-)

>As I stated, it requires *NO* MUA changes.  All of the work can be done on
>the server.  It does require that you relay outgoing mail through the same
>server all of the time; that's why we have STARTTLS and SMTP AUTH.

You didn't address any of my examples.

Again.  My mother is standing at the email kiosk in an airport.  She 
wants to send email to you.  You've authorized one of her temporary 
email messages to send email to one of your temporary email messages. 
Now what?

>  > It makes it virtually impossible to even manage
>  > addresses on *paper*, let alone in my head.
>
>Your server keeps track of everything.

Address book.  Somebody needs to keep track of what email address can 
send to what email address.  This is typically an address book.  How 
does this get implemented without the use of MUA changes?  Even 
assuming that I always use the same computer, I don't see it.

Feel free to take this offlist if you think I'm being incredible obtuse.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'Keith Moore'" <moore@cs.utk.edu>,
        "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 13:05:28 -0500

-----Original Message-----
From: Keith Moore [mailto:moore@cs.utk.edu]
Sent: Friday, March 07, 2003 12:40 PM
To: Sauer, Damon
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu; Sauer, Damon; david@thejamesons.com; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps


>> ----- I too will put as simply as possible. Economics 101:
>> 
>> If (Cost > Return) then (Profit) = 0 (or gosh LESS than 0 - I suppose
there
>> could be some philanthropic spammers out there)
>> Increased cost = Decreased Profit
>> Increased cost > profit = Bankruptcy

>how do you measure the profit derived from sending mail to a friend?

 -- I don't. It is not Unsolicited Commercial Email (UCE- Which is exactly
the point of all of this). We want to get rid of UCE(spam) and keep the
email to a friend.

>how do you decide whether the return from doing so will be great enough
to justify the cost?

 -- It is not arbitrary- When the return column is less than expense column,
one cannot justify cost.

 > especially when that cost could be spent on food,rent, etc?

 -- These would go in the expense column if you your name happens to be Alan
Ralsky.

>your attempt to reduce the value of human communication to monetary terms
is based on false premises. it is also offensive.

 -- I am not discussing human communication. I am discussing the economics
and business drivers behind UCE.
 FYI- It is okay to assume that in any of my future posts that I am not
discussing personal email unless otherwise noted.



Regards,
Damon


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From: David Jameson <david@thejamesons.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps
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I don't think this is necessarily true. The proposal was that the cost be 
negligible for "normal" emails and it's only when one tries to send 
hundreds of thousands out that it becomes "real money".  It would not 
affect the average person at all.
As for the claim that people will have the right to send it - that's 
absolutely true. And we will still need to have mechanisms in place to 
detect unsolicited mail. A whitelist with challenge/response is very 
effective for this.
D


>If we increase the cost of sending email, we'll find that many of the best
>things about email - e.g. that it makes it easy for us to keep in touch with
>people with whom we would not otherwise do so - will be gone.  And we'll still
>be getting spam, it will just be 'slicker', and trying to sell us different
>products.  And the folks who are sending it will claim that they have a right
>to do so.
>
>Keith
>
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Locked addresses (was Do we need to do anything?
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On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> Again.  My mother is standing at the email kiosk in an airport.  She
> wants to send email to you.  You've authorized one of her temporary
> email messages to send email to one of your temporary email messages.
> Now what?

She logs on to her ISP's Webmail system, where all of her locked
addresses are stored.  Using her "normal" (to her) e-mail address, she
sends you a message over the Webmail.  The ISP's server looks up the
originator address and the destination address, modifies
appropriately, and shoots it off.

Piece of cake.

> >Your server keeps track of everything.

> Address book.  Somebody needs to keep track of what email address can
> send to what email address.

The server.  Your server keeps track of who can send to all of your
ephemeral addresses, and my server keeps track of who can send to mine.

Do you recall the e-mail "anonymizers" of the early 1990's?  You could
sign up for anonymous addresses, and the anonymizing-service would
keep track of who is who.  This is a similar system.

> This is typically an address book.  How
> does this get implemented without the use of MUA changes?

Easy.  In your address book, I am
"ephem-zbhsbhbe3@roaringpenguin.com".  That's my address.  No problem.
Any mail you send to that address, from your own address, will work.
If you also have ephemeral addresses, then you need to send it out via
your server.  Your server obscures your address, but that's OK,
because my server knows *you* as "ephem-zkjkejruih3@yourdomain.com",
which is all it sees.

I am planning on implementing this, by the way; we'll see how it goes.

--
David.
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From: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>
To: "'ietf anti-spam research group'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world) (fwd)
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> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of wayne
> Sent: Friday, March 07, 2003 12:52 PM
 
> There is a difference between the From_ header and the From: header.

As suggested in my previous email, I find the use of the term "From_ 
header" confusing.  I have a very simple view of the world: headers are
defined in RFC 2822 and related RFCs, and refers to the stuff at the
top of the message data (as message data is defined in 2821).  Commands
are 
defined in RFC 2821 and related RFCs.  The use of "header" to describe
stuff sent in the message envelope triggers my "imprecise language"
alarm. 

I also have no idea where the underscore originates.  Or perhaps are you

talking about something entirely separate from these two RFC sets?

I suppose it's possible my personal choice of terminology is 
non-standard, and I should adapt.  

Gary

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From: David Jameson <david@thejamesons.com>
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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I don't believe that's true. The big differentiator between the normal user 
and the spammer is the volume of messages sent out. A spammer wishing to 
send out hundreds of thousands of messages would end up paying hundreds of 
dollars each time. An average user would see an increased bill every month 
of perhaps 10 cents!

D
At 12:20 PM 3/7/2003, you wrote:
> > Requiring senders to pay would make them accountable.
>
>not unless you could somehow vary the cost according to how annoying the
>message is.  if the cost per message is the same no matter who sends it or
>what the message says, there's no cost I could set which is high enough to
>deter spammers and low enough to not deter people I want to receive mail from.
>
>Keith

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To: Jed Margolin <jmsml@jmargolin.com>
CC: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Let's try something different
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Jed Margolin wrote:
> 1. Sender's email is stored on Sender's server. Recipient is sent a message
> with a unique link to the message and a maximum Subject line of 80
> alphanumeric characters.

As has been pointed out, spammers are already going down this path with HTML 
encoded email.

> 2. Sender can be anonymous, but not to Sender's ISP. There will be a feature
> (a button) so Recipient can tell Sender's ISP, "Don't send me any further
> email from this Sender."
 >
> 3. Broadcasting is prohibited. If Sender wishes to send 1 million identical
> messages, then Sender's server will contain 1 million copies of the message.
 >
> 4. Sender's ISP will be notified if (and when) the email has been read so it
> can be deleted from Sender's server. Alternatively, email can be deleted
> from Sender's server at the end of the day (or week) that it is read.

These are useless since the spamming software (and often the spamming machine) 
is controlled by the spammer.  (Some of the most "interesting" spam I've 
received is for software to do spamming from a Windows PC without the need for 
an ISP mail server (complete with a list of open SMTP relays and other open 
proxies to use)).

Solutions must assume that the other side (the spam server) is totally under 
control of spammers, that the other software was completely written by and for 
spammers, that the other ISP supports spamming (it can be lucrative for the 
ISP), and that the ISP's connection to the backbone is supportive of spamming 
(spamming may provide needed hard cash for poor 3rd world nations).

This implies two things: spam control must be performed at the client SMTP agent 
and international organizations must be willing to censure countries that fail 
to police their assigned domains and addresses (i.e. cut them off).

We (the IETF) can work on the first.  Are we willing to push for the second? 
Without the second, we just have an escalating arms war (with, I fear, the 
advantage to the spammers).

Brad Davis

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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Do we need to do anything?
Cc: "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 13:14:51 -0500

At 12:47 -0500 3/7/03, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>At 8:58 AM -0500 3/7/03, Jim Youll wrote:
>>The numbers for the Nigerians were estimated in the last few weeks 
>>at about one million dollars, total, for all instances of the scam 
>>worldwide, ever. If
>
>Maybe that's the numbers for Nigeria proper, but certainly it seems 
>to be earning *somebody* money:
>
>http://www.wired.com/news/business/0,1367,55329,00.html
>>According to court records, from February to August 2002, Poet 
>>moved $2.1 million, in amounts ranging from $9,400 to $360,000 per 
>>wire transfer, from the accounts of Olsman Mueller & James -- a 
>>Berkley, Michigan, law firm where she was employed -- to various 
>>bank accounts in South Africa and Taiwan.

I didn't see that particular story, but ...

a) there's enforcement happening at the other end now, and against 
scams generally, so... the economic disincentive for large-scale 
high-profit scams (on and off the net) comes from law and criminal 
punishment, not the mechanisms in any case.

b) I intuit that the volume of messages sent does not really 
correlate to the response rate (as it would for the sale of miracle 
products and herbal remedies and so on). Greed-driven scams are a 
different business

c) this doesn't go to the main points about why disposable or 
scope-bounded addresses can be useful at times.
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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com>
To: "'Balachander Krishnamurthy'" <bala@research.att.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] requirements for a proposed solution + notion of conse
	nt
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 12:23:17 -0600

I would like to add:

- should do no harm (mundged email due to error)
- should have minimal cost of implementation (monetarily and/or
administratively)
- should require no more horsepower (Don't want to have to buy more servers)
- should not significantly increase time to delivery


I will think of more I am sure.

Regards,
Damon

-----Original Message-----
From: Balachander Krishnamurthy [mailto:bala@research.att.com]
Sent: Friday, March 07, 2003 10:38 AM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] requirements for a proposed solution + notion of consent



keith moore suggests the following criteria for potential solutions in
 
https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00726.html

- should minimize spam to some acceptable level (say, 0.1% of received
messages)
- should not prevent delivery of legitimate mail
- should not adversely impact valuable functionality
- should be easy to use (even for grandma)
- should be easy to deploy, incrementally
- should not depend on universal deployment to be effective
- should provide incentives to deploy for those doing the deployment

all of the above are laudable goals. i would like to add a few more

- senders and receivers of wanted (i prefer the term wanted over
"legitimate")
  mail should not have to pay additional monetary costs 
   ("sender pays" scheme causes additional pain for people who send/receive
    wanted mail - it would penalize "good folks" because "bad folks" send
spam)

- no new protocol should be required to implement such solutions (maybe this
is
   covered in 'easy to deploy')

- there should be no additional impact on privacy of participants as a
result 
  of such solutions

also, the notion of consent in the original writeup seems to take for
granted
that participants have to consent a priori. it would be interesting to
consider
a scheme where the sender takes a very modest risk ('liability') which is
lifted
when the receiver deems the mail as wanted. the consent is given by the
receiver
after the mail is received. the receiver gets to decide if mail is "spam".

cheers,
bala

balachander krishnamurthy
http://www.research.att.com/~bala/papers
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*****
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 13:21:55 -0500

At 13:05 -0500 3/7/03, David Jameson wrote:
>I don't think this is necessarily true. The proposal was that the 
>cost be negligible for "normal" emails and it's only when one tries 
>to send hundreds of thousands out that it becomes "real money".  It 
>would not affect the average person at all.
>As for the claim that people will have the right to send it - that's 
>absolutely true. And we will still need to have mechanisms in place 
>to detect unsolicited mail. A whitelist with challenge/response is 
>very effective for this.

Various techniques have been proposed for "raising the cost of high 
volumes of mail"

A problem that invariably arises is that there is no clear means to 
distinguish a high-volume site with many users (e.g. hotmail) from a 
high-volume sender that's spamming. All handlers of high volumes of 
mail are penalized equally... the fundamental cost of doing business 
increases across the board, and this does not create the desired 
imbalance...


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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 11:26:14 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>

> ...
> I have just posted a Best Current Practice addressing this matter
> ...

Who died and made you king of the IETF?
(Please don't be insulted by that, because I meant it in jest.)

My point is that all of the talk of BCPs, germs of BCPs, IDs for
the solution to the spam problem and so forth that I've seen in the
flood of noise on this list is not only grossly premature, irritating,
and often insulting, but also seems to be based on a misunderstanding
of the IETF and the IRTF.  No one can simply "post a BCP."  BCPs
are RFCs and that means they must get the approval of the IESG or
at least the IAB merely to be advanced from ID (Internet Draft) to RFC.
To become a BCP an RFC must be supported by the consensus of the IETF.

This is an IRTF mailing list, not the mailing list of an IETF working group.
As such, it seems like a distant source for BCPs.  BCPs are necessarily
operational ('engineering') documents instead of what you'd except
from the Internet Research Task Force.

Just writing some thoughts according to the instructions for authors
of Internet Drafts and calling them a BCP does not make them valid or
cause them to be supported by the consensus of the IETF.  Not even
Microsoft was able to carry off naming files on a microsoft.com FTP
server "RFC's." (early Microsoft PPP contributions)


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 19:26:41 +0100

On Fri, Mar 07, 2003 at 10:36:43AM -0600, wayne wrote:
> 
> It should be pointed out that DNSBLs, including domain specific
> DNSBLs, use the *absence* of an A record as an indication that IP
> address is ok.  Negative DNS responses are generally not cached
> anywhere near as log as positive results.  I do not know if this was a
> design decision on the part of DNSBLs, or just a result of it being
> easier to create that way.


Both presence and absence of a record can be spoofed. Presence
is spoofed by the fake record itself, absence by a bogus CNAME.

regards
Hadmut
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam detection system proposal 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 07 Mar 2003 13:01:32 EST."
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 08:40:52 -0500

Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
> I know of at least one ISP (and I'm sure there are others) that do 
> this.  He blocks based on bounces.  As soon as he blocks an IP, 
> another one starts sending him the spam.  This goes on for thousands 
> of IPs.

  I spent a few days last year blocking IP's based on bounces.  It
went as follows:

  <block 100's of IP's>
  <wait 10 minutes>
  <repeat>


  No end in sight,

> I seriously wonder if there isn't some rather sophisticated 
> distributed server spam software running out there on rooted servers, 
> and we just haven't figured it out yet.

  That would fit the data I'm seeing.

  Of course, 10,000 clueless small-scale spammers would also fit the
data, but I think that's less likely.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
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> >how do you measure the profit derived from sending mail to a friend?
> 
>  -- I don't. It is not Unsolicited Commercial Email (UCE- Which is exactly
> the point of all of this). We want to get rid of UCE(spam) and keep the
> email to a friend.

not everyone defines spam as UCE.  

and offhand I don't know a way to impose costs on either UCE or spam without
imposing costs on others who might want to send me mail.

if there were a reliable way to distinguish between spam and other kinds of
mail, maybe this would be worth something.  but offhand I don't know of 
a way to do that.

Keith

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From: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Locked addresses (was Do we need to do anything?
Organization: Ready-to-Run Software, Inc.
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> Again.  My mother is standing at the email kiosk in an airport.  She 
> wants to send email to you.  

You mean father.  Mother's call.  Technologically adept mothers
use instant messaging.  Email is way too slow to satisfy
motherhood cravings.

TGIF  :-)

Gary

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Date: 7 Mar 2003 18:52:07 +0000

On Fri, Mar 07, 2003 at 01:10:58PM -0500, David F. Skoll allegedly wrote:
 
> Piece of cake.

[ Discussion of ephemeral/disposable addresses removed ]

> I am planning on implementing this, by the way; we'll see how it goes.

There are easier ways to "see how it goes". Why not pay ten bucks to
one of the numerous commercial offerings, such as spamex.com? Some
of these guys have been doing this stuff for years.


Regards.
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To: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SHEESH!
Cc: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org, ietf@ietf.org
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 12:16:44 -0500

At 1:24 AM -0500 3/7/03, Chris Lewis wrote:
>>I wonder if you'd say that if your employer were in the drug industry.
>
>Of course not.  So?  I'd simply not deploy such a filter.

That takes care of some of the incoming.  But how do you send email 
about <that drug> to anybody outside of your company?  (Never mind 
that some ISPs have egress filters).
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200303071852.h27Iqxhv018989@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] [OT] Sender verification
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 11:52:59 -0700 (MST)

> Please do not use sender verification systems when posting to mailing
> lists. The last thing I want to see when I post to a mailing list is a
> bounce trying to confirm I'm a real person (I really don't care whether
> your system believes I'm a real person or not). It's as bad as getting
> vacation message bounces. Turn it off!
>
> For those of you not willing to get rid of your sender verification 
> system, learn to set reply-to to the list so that I don't have to jump 
> through your personal hoops.

Sender verification systems are expressions of "I think I'm so Special
that I think you will jump through my hoop merely to have me listen to you.

However, that complaint is worse.  If you go to the trouble of trimming
all but the mailing list address when you respond, you will not be
bothered by verification system noise.  Besides the extra effort, the
only problem with trimming your response list is that your recipient
will respond to you context and order of other messages the mailing
instead of early.  Unless you think your words are Very Special, I
don't see any harm in that. 

Note that sending to both the list and the other person causes the other
person to get two copies of your wonderful words.  Isn't that Special?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] requirements for a proposed solution + notion of consent
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> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Sauer, Damon

> - should require no more horsepower (Don't want to have to 
> buy more servers)

This should be modified to say "not significantly more 
horsepower than required by ordinary growth in traffic."

If sites are going to be buying more horsepower to support
increased downloading of movies, for example, then an
increase in processing requirements due to anti-spam measures
would be ok, if that increase is small compared to the 
increase needed to support the movie traffic.

Gary

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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com>
To: "'Keith Moore'" <moore@cs.utk.edu>,
        "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Stamps
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 14:00:47 -0500


-----Original Message-----
From: Keith Moore [mailto:moore@cs.utk.edu]
Sent: Friday, March 07, 2003 1:37 PM
To: Sauer, Damon
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu; Sauer, Damon; david@thejamesons.com; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps


> >how do you measure the profit derived from sending mail to a friend?
> 
>  -- I don't. It is not Unsolicited Commercial Email (UCE- Which is exactly
> the point of all of this). We want to get rid of UCE(spam) and keep the
> email to a friend.

not everyone defines spam as UCE.  

----- My definition of spam is: If the recipient thinks it's Spam- it is.

The charter does not go into defining it, but for the purposes of my
discussion, I am referring to UCE.

and offhand I don't know a way to impose costs on either UCE or spam without
imposing costs on others who might want to send me mail.

--- Make it harder to send and/or receive Spam. Spam is profitable because
of sheer volume over costs. Reduced volume means decreased profit and higher
cost due to lack of return.

if there were a reliable way to distinguish between spam and other kinds of
mail, maybe this would be worth something.  but offhand I don't know of 
a way to do that.

--- Right now, there is ZERO way to distinguish reliably.
But I feel that a DNSRBL or RMX would go a long way and is better than what
we have now.


Regards,
Damon


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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Mar  7 14:01:47 2003
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: william@elan.net
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, gaf@rtr.com, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
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> Some email servers will keep this around and consider spam any email where 
> during transmission FROM is not equivalent to "From" header.

Those email servers are broken, plain and simple.  It's entirely reasonable
for MAIL FROM to be different than From.  This says nothing at all about
the legitimacy of the mail.  Stupid measures like this are causing as much
harm as the spam itself.

I'm all for having ways of making senders more accountable.  But tying
it to the From header, or to the MAIL FROM field, is just too broken to
consider.

Keith

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Mar  7 14:10:49 2003
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 12:10:14 -0700 (MST)

> From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>

> ...
> The main problem I see is the lack of any way to make senders accountable for
> their actions, and to distinguish responsible senders from irresponsible ones.

exactly.
That statement belongs somewhere in the problem statement that seems to
part of the nominal purpose of this mailing list.

All of the variously non-working, working, plauible but not implemented,
and silly nonsense based on ignorance of spam fixes that exist or have
been proposed are attempts to fix that problem.   Unfortunately,
"accountable," "responsible," and "irresponsible" are not technical
terms and at best can only be approximated with technical means.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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> > - should not depend on universal deployment to be effective
> 
> This is highly desirable, but not a rigid requirement. 

none of these are rigid requirements.  actually this is a pet peeve of mine -
if these exercises get seen as attempts to establish lists of requirements
then everyone tries to justify his pet feature as a requirement.  they are
"criteria" or "desirable goals".  and it's perfectly possible and reasonable
for one desirable goal to run afoul of another one.

the point about universal deployment is this - if in order to be useful, a
spam-blocking scheme requires wide deployment, and no benefit results until
that condition is met, then if there is doubt that the scheme will be widely
deployed, it becomes difficult to get people to invest in it.  all things
being equal, a scheme which can be incrementally deployed and which produces
some immediate benefit for those who invest in it is more likely to succeed.

> If I choose to adopt an email solution that requires senders to
> me to use a particular new technology in order to reach me,
> is that a dependency on universal deployment?  

it depends on how you define success.  if by imposing the particular new
technology you get rid of spam without discouraging people from sending you
mail that you want to receive, then it was successful for you.  if it does
discourage people from sending you mail that you want to receive, then it
probably was not successful for you.   of course, what is successful for you
might not be successful on a large scale.

Keith
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To: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
 (fwd)
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> As William points out, this raises the point of "which headers should
> be authenticated?"

None of the existing header fields contains an identifier which is suitable
as a principal name.  From: is, by design, settable to one or more addresses,
none of which need to match that of the person who sends the mail.  Reply-to
doesn't have to have anything to do with who sends it - it's perfectly
reasonable to ask that replies be sent to a secretary, a list, whatever. 
The SMTP MAIL FROM field is where (non)delivery reports are sent - again,
not the same as the message sender.  Sender is the closest match, but it is so
widely misused as to be useless.

If you want messages to contain some sort of sender identity that works, you
need a new header field for that purpose.  And it's easier to implement
that way anyway.

Keith
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: David Jameson <david@thejamesons.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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> I don't believe that's true. The big differentiator between the normal user 
> and the spammer is the volume of messages sent out. A spammer wishing to 
> send out hundreds of thousands of messages would end up paying hundreds of 
> dollars each time. 

snail mail spammers routinely pay considerably larger sums.  why wouldn't they
do this for email?
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On Fri, Mar 07, 2003 at 08:40:52AM -0500, Alan DeKok allegedly wrote:
 
> > I seriously wonder if there isn't some rather sophisticated 
> > distributed server spam software running out there on rooted servers, 
> > and we just haven't figured it out yet.

>   That would fit the data I'm seeing.
> 
>   Of course, 10,000 clueless small-scale spammers would also fit the
> data, but I think that's less likely.

You might want to look at the DHS Club and their strategy of recruiting
people and then aiming them at ratware like send-safe.com.

There might only be a smallish number of ratware authors but they do
rather like selling their product to as large a contingent of clueless
small-scale spammers as possible.

http://www.theclubbuiltonspam.com/ is a good place to get an interesting
view on just one set of spammers.

I think it's safe to say that there are "X" categories of spammers,
for all values of "X".


Regards.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Cc: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Locked addresses (was Do we need to do anything?
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 20:23:59 +0100

On Fri, Mar 07, 2003 at 12:52:00PM -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> 
> Again.  My mother is standing at the email kiosk in an airport.  She 
> wants to send email to you. 


I can't remember to ever have seen someone using an "email kiosk". 
All people I saw sending mail from airports, hotels, internet cafes
were using web browsers to log into some web/mail gateway like
hotmail, yahoo,...

Hadmut

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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Balachander Krishnamurthy <bala@research.att.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org, Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Subject: evaluating proposals against requirements (Re: [Asrg] requirements for a proposed solution + notion of consent)
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 19:25:48 +0000

Those requirements sound good to me, it may not be possible to satisfy
them all simultaneously but at least they express the problem so
people can measure solutions against them.  I've numbered them, let's
measure a few of the current proposals against these:

a) should minimize spam to some acceptable level
b) should not prevent delivery of legitimate mail
c) should not adversely impact valuable functionality
d) should be easy to use (even for grandma)
e) should be easy to deploy, incrementally
f) should not depend on universal deployment to be effective
g) should provide incentives to deploy for those doing the deployment
h) senders and receivers should not have to pay additional monetary costs 
i) should not require new protocols
j) there should be no additional impact on privacy


(this presumes the solution is universally deployed for the sake of
argument; deployability and chances of getting there are covered by 6,
7 and 9).

1) RMX plus fixed DNS

b,d,h,j

I think the rest it does not do.  To explain a) I suspect there will
still be lots of spam from AUP violations, and spammers who run their
own RMX servers; c) complicates sending while travelling; e) if you
deploy it incrementally you lose mail; f) can't reasonably be turned
on until fully deployed; g) provides no incentive to deploy until
critical mass is reached as you can't turn it on; i) it requires
depoyment of new protocols.

2) Bayesian filters + hashcash + token white lists.

a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,j

About things it does not do: i) it requires deployment of extensions
to existing protocols

Some of the things it claims to do are not as effective as other
solutions: a) it will reduce spam, but it won't stop it because it
just increases the cost from 0.0001c to say 1c -- this may help
because it may become more targetted; b) bayesian filters have a small
but not zero false positive rate; f) before universal deployment you
are relying on bayesian filters, and hashcash is just to avoid false
positives; g) your incentive to deploy is to avoid mail you send being
caught in false positives; h) individuals would have only CPU costs,
which they probably already have sufficient spare resources for, some
large organizations if they add tokens at the outgoing mail hub may
have to upgrade hardware; 

Also about this approach: it's not clear how long Bayesian filters
will hold-out -- they are effective now because of limited deployment,
I suspect if deployment got to a high enough spammers might go the
next level and win that arms race.

I welcome any criticism of the ratings of either of these, and
suggested ratings for other proposals.

Adam
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 11:35:19 -0800 (PST)

On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> > Spam exists because there is an (almost zero) fixed cost associated with 
> > sending it out.
> 
> false.  snail mail spam exists despite having significant costs associated
> with sending it.

That's pedantically correct, but it completely ignores the point of just
about every message posted to this discussion so far.

If postal junk mail operated in the same economic fashion as electronic
junk mail, you would get truckloads of it.  If electronic mail cost as
much as postal mail, you'd get far less of it.  The cost *is* a factor,
and it makes the difference between "X exists" and "X causes expensive
problems for everyone with an address and everyone using the
infrastructure."

Postal spam EXISTS, but until dump trucks start dropping loads of it
everyone's from yard on a daily basis, and 20-50 loads on random yards at
random times, and making a substantial contribution to traffic congestion
in general, there is nothing to be gained by equating postal spam with
electronic spam.

-- 

Nate Waddoups
Redmond WA USA
http://www.natew.com


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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: David Jameson <david@thejamesons.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps
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> I don't think this is necessarily true. The proposal was that the cost be 
> negligible for "normal" emails and it's only when one tries to send 
> hundreds of thousands out that it becomes "real money".  It would not 
> affect the average person at all.

I don't see any way to impose costs that are sufficiently large that
they will deter spam, that aren't so large that they will chill valuable
speech.

I do admit that such costs provide an incentive for spammers to target their
mail, which would probably reduce the volume from any one spammer, and it
would compel them to implement opt-out schemes.  But there would be a lot more
spammers.

As for challenge/response schemes, they're fine for people who want to use
them.  But I find them so annoying (even with whitelists) that I'm unlikely to
impose them on people who send me mail.  Maybe if we could automate them
somehow so that users didn't have to deal with them directly, they wouldn't be
so annoying.

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From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 14:32:45 -0500

At 14:21 -0500 3/7/03, Keith Moore wrote:
>  > I don't believe that's true. The big differentiator between the normal user
>>  and the spammer is the volume of messages sent out. A spammer wishing to
>>  send out hundreds of thousands of messages would end up paying hundreds of
>>  dollars each time.
>
>snail mail spammers routinely pay considerably larger sums.  why wouldn't they
>do this for email?

I believe the snail mail adverts are generally targeted toward some 
groups and not others. They are geography-bounded. And the response 
rates are higher. It is a different game.

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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 11:43:09 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>

> ...
> > There are other things the IETF lists should do instead.  To start,
> > they should rejectm mail with MIME content headers declaring mail is
> > not English, and specifically reject JP, KR, and GB character sets.
>
> The IETF has no foreign language special interest groups?  Like on 
> character sets and internationalization?  It would be as dumb as a 
> pharmaceutical company banning the V word.

If there are any IETF working group mailing lists that do not use
ASCII-English, then those should be exempted.  However, as far as I
know, there are no such mailing lists.   Because of the nature of the
IETF, there I doubt any such WG list should use anything but the global
international standard character set.  The IETF is supposed to be
international, and that means that its official communications must
use the international language.  That the international email language
today happens to involve a national varient of an old international
character set is an accident of history that is handy for some of us,
unfortunate for others, and unchangable for the foreseeable future
for all of us.

Test mailing lists, private mail, and so forth are different.


> > They should probably also reject any MIME multipart mail,
>
> That would annoy the Mime, multimedia and other specialized WGs would it 
> not?

Again, the offical IETF mailing lists are supposed to be "inclusive."
Contrary to some politically correct silliness, in this case that does
not involve pretending everyone understands all languages and formats,
but using the greatest common divisor.  All IETF mailing lists
submissions should use the single, common form everyone involved can read.

It could make sense for a mail working group to have a special test
mailing list that uses very different protocols than 7-bit plantext ASCII,
but the official, archived, public record, subject to the "Note This"
blather working group mailing lists are not those.


> > I think they should also use the DCC to reject all bulk mail, but
> > that's probably only my bias speaking.
>
> That's a _much_ better idea than banning specific character sets or mime.

Maybe so or maybe not.  Using the DCC to reject all bulk mail would
prune a lot of conference announcements and calls for papers.  I think
that would be a good thing, but I know others disagree with me.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
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Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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> >> A spammer wishing to
> >>  send out hundreds of thousands of messages would end up paying hundreds
> >>  dollars each time.
> >
> >snail mail spammers routinely pay considerably larger sums.  why wouldn't
> >they do this for email?
> 
> I believe the snail mail adverts are generally targeted toward some 
> groups and not others. They are geography-bounded. And the response 
> rates are higher.

mostly true.  but it's still annoying, and there's still a lot of it.  frankly
I don't see the point in raising the cost of spam if the only result is to
change who is doing the spamming.  especially if it makes it more expensive
for someone to send me mail that I want to receive as a side-effect.
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> From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>

> Artifically increasing the cost of email will not prevent spam.  It will
> reduce spam.  It will change who uses spam to advertise.  

Those two ideas are clearly true.

>                                                           It will also reduce
> the volume of email that we want to receive.

I doubt that's necessary true for all spam targets.

> ...
> If we increase the cost of sending email, we'll find that many of the best
> things about email ...

That seems to be based on the false notion the increasing the cost of
any mail must increase the cost of all mail.

I still think the future of spam is what I've been predicting for
years.  Recent statements from the Direct Mailers Association seem to
me to be confirmation.  I believe that eventually bulk mail will be
taxed like alcohol and tobacco, at a rate of $0.01 to $0.10 per
addressee.  The tax will probably not be called a tax, but something
like misleading much like the Gore Tax on telephone serice.  It will
be rationalized as "closing the digital divide" and "for the children."
A large part of the money will be spent on bureaucrats to do paper
work and detect and punish scofflaws.  The remainder will be sent to
ISPs that agree to participate to support free or reduced price services.

The penalties for failing to pay the tax will be imposed not just on
the spammers like Ralsky and Spamford but on their customers.  Recall
that very little spam fails to provide good ways to contact those people,
which means the use of foreign spam service bureaus, open relays, and
so forth will be irrelevant or evidence of intent to evade the tax.

Foreign spammers will be handled with the same mechanisms used to
fight fake Rolex watches and copies of music and movies.  Those
mechanisms are not perfect, but they don't need to be.

The taxes will be welcomed by advertisers for two main reasons.  The
taxes will limit the amount of spam we get to the volume of junk paper
mail which will defuse the public anger.  Second, the current cost of
spam is "too cheap to meter" and so hard to make a business of.  A
$0.03/adressee tax would make administrative costs of $0.01/addressee
and margins of $0.01/addressee sound reasonable.

If I'm right about that, then political implications suggest that
body filtering will remain effective.  They also suggest that real
opt-out/do-not-mail lists will appear.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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> > snail mail spam exists despite having significant costs associated
> > with sending it.
> 
> That's pedantically correct, but it completely ignores the point of just
> about every message posted to this discussion so far.
> 
> If postal junk mail operated in the same economic fashion as electronic
> junk mail, you would get truckloads of it. 

the percentage of snail mail spam / snail mail I get is approximately the
same as the percentage of email spam / email that I get. 
(YMMV - I probably get more legitimate email than most people)

yes, it's easier to handle the snail mail spam, but that's mostly because
the overall volume of snail mail is so low. 

lowering the overall volume of email for the sake of lowering the volume
of spam does not seem inherently desirable, anyway.

Keith
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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>,
        "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Locked addresses (was Do we need to do anything? 
In-Reply-To: Message from Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> 
   of "Fri, 07 Mar 2003 20:23:59 +0100." <20030307192358.GA9801@danisch.de> 
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 19:46:19 +0000


Hadmut Danisch said:
> On Fri, Mar 07, 2003 at 12:52:00PM -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> > 
> > Again.  My mother is standing at the email kiosk in an airport.  She 
> > wants to send email to you. 
> 
> I can't remember to ever have seen someone using an "email kiosk". 
> All people I saw sending mail from airports, hotels, internet cafes
> were using web browsers to log into some web/mail gateway like
> hotmail, yahoo,...

FWIW, I used to work for a company that made these kiosks, and that's
exactly the case.

--j.
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To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 14:46:50 -0500

At 14:37 -0500 3/7/03, Keith Moore wrote:
>  > >> A spammer wishing to
>>  >>  send out hundreds of thousands of messages would end up paying hundreds
>>  >>  dollars each time.
>>  >
>>  >snail mail spammers routinely pay considerably larger sums.  why wouldn't
>>  >they do this for email?
>>
>>  I believe the snail mail adverts are generally targeted toward some
>>  groups and not others. They are geography-bounded. And the response
>>  rates are higher.
>
>mostly true.  but it's still annoying, and there's still a lot of it.  frankly
>I don't see the point in raising the cost of spam if the only result is to
>change who is doing the spamming.  especially if it makes it more expensive
>for someone to send me mail that I want to receive as a side-effect.


I wrote separately that just raising the cost floor doesn't help because all
senders' costs increase (yours and mine included).

The core economic argument is not that difficult... if it returns more than
it costs, the activity occurs.

Spamming is a little different, though, in  this way... the senders 
of the spams are often service bureaus, not principals. Thus if it is 
profitable to operate a spam service bureau (selling spamming 
services) then service bureaus will continue to send spams.  The 
success rate
for the product itself is removed from the discussion. There are lots 
of suckers out there who want to get rich on the Internet, they don't 
know each other, and  there is no entry barrier for a new spamming 
service provider, so there's not a lot of direct feedback about 
success/failure rates, and thus little to dissuade new customers for 
the spammers.


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Date: 07 Mar 2003 00:00:00 +0000

David F. Skoll <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> schrieb/wrote:
> The scanning is done at the end of the DATA phase while the sender is
> waiting for the final acknowledgement.  The recommended timeout here
> according to RFC 2821 is 10 minutes, so adding under a second of
> content-scanning shouldn't be a problem.

The problem is that this phase is the one vulnerable to race conditions:  
If the connection breaks between accepting the message and getting the  
response through to the sender, a dupe will be created. So it's  
desireable to keep that period of time as short as possible.

Claus
-- 
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 14:49:56 -0500
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> I believe that eventually bulk mail will be
> taxed like alcohol and tobacco, at a rate of $0.01 to $0.10 per
> addressee.  

...

> If I'm right about that, then political implications suggest that
> body filtering will remain effective.  They also suggest that real
> opt-out/do-not-mail lists will appear.

my conclusions are similar.  note that the real purpose of such a tax would be
to make spam legally legitimate, while raising the bar just enough to make it
inaccessible by small companies.   but it wouldn't do anything to improve
the signal-to-noise ratio of email.

Keith
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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com>
Cc: "'Balachander Krishnamurthy'" <bala@research.att.com>, asrg@ietf.org,
        Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Subject: evaluating with the additional requirements (Re: [Asrg] requirements for a proposed solution + notion of conse nt)
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 19:54:09 +0000

Damon Sauer proposed some more requirements, let's add 3 of those as
k,l,m:

k) should have minimal cost of implementation
l) should require no more horsepower
m) should not significantly increase time to delivery

and look at RMX plus fixed DNS:

	l,m

does not have k (depending on what your ideas of minimal cost are)

and Bayesian filters + hashcash + whitelists:

	m

does not have k (depending on what your ideas of minimal cost are)

horsepower depends on how you deploy it: if only clients create
hashcash shouldn't be a problem; if deployed on servers say in
corporate networks at the gateway, that might cost them some
horsepower (though white lists help that).  But I guess that would be
a trade-off -- the cost of deploying hashcash creation on clients vs
the cost of just doing it at the gateway.

Adam
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From: "Jonathan Wilkins" <jwilkins@microsoft.com>
To: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
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If an attacker fails when spoofing foo.com they can turn
around and spoof bar.com.  If that fails too, they can keep
trying until they manage to get something cached.  

Once something's cached they can spam all they like.

You always know where to spoof.  You send the packets at
the SMTP server, since that's the machine that's going to
make a request of it's server.  

Further, your estimate of the success ratio is probably overly
pessimistic.  There are a bunch of layers to go through for
a valid response to be returned.  The SMTP server makes a request
to it's local DNS server which asks the root server who's authorative
and then turns around and asks that server for the data.

That's several round trips versus a bunch of direct sends.

-----Original Message-----
From: Chris Lewis [mailto:clewis@nortelnetworks.com] 
Sent: Thursday, March 06, 2003 9:26 PM
Cc: ietf anti-spam research group

Jonathan Wilkins wrote:

> Why is 65536 100 byte packets a lot? That's only 655k.

(a) it assumes you manage to guess the right packet before the real 
server gets its answer thru.  Let's be generous, and say that they beat 
it 50% of the time. So, half of your spam run is toast.
(b) it's 65536 100 byte packets for _each_ MTA you're trying to get 
around - _if_ you know where to flood.  Worthwhile for attacking large 
ISPs.  Not small MTAs.


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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 13:08:59 -0700 (MST)

> From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>

> ...
> > How should such data be managed, stored, reviewed,
> > made available to the public, etc?
>
> I think a mechanism similar to DCC could be good.  We need a way for
> lots of sensors to dump information into the collection network.  We
> need a way to decide what summaries of the data are useful.  And we need
> a way to extract the data without compromising privacy.  (e.g., report
> SHA1 hashes of addresses rather than addresses themselves.)
> ...

I think I'm qualified to comment on that idea.  The short version of
my take is "great in theory but nearly hopeless in practice."

The hopeless part is that in practice it is extremely difficult to
build a network large enough to collect enough data to be other than
a muddy pile of annecdotes.  The DCC is more than 2 years old, but it
still sees at most single-digit percentages of all mail in the network
and perhaps less.  (I suspect there are more than 1 but probably fewer
than 10 Billion mail messages/day today.  The DCC sees perhaps 20
M/day.) The DCC has been deployed by only some classes of outfits.
For example, it has not be and probably will not be used by the largest
organizations that prefer to roll their own solutions.

Even in the skewed population that does use the DCC, there is evidence
that making generalizations is very hard.  There is 3X difference in
spam load per user depending on organization type judging from
http://www.dcc-servers.net/dcc/graphs/comp-rates

There are reasons of self-interest for outfits to install the DCC,
but few or at best weak reasons for installing monitoring software
that would report to outsiders.  There are strong reasons for many
outfits to flatly refuse to install such software; that's why the DCC
is designed to not collect a lot of the information that one would want.

DCC clients can report and DCC servers can collect hashes of addresses,
but that's dangerous unless (or even if) you think carefully about what
the servers will do with the data.  Consider the dangers of being able to
ask whether the system has seen a message with a sender of the hash of
"Bill Gates" and at recipeint of the hash of "Steve Jobs" today.

(By default, DCC servers do not collect anything but body hashes for
several reasons, starting with the limited usefulness of those hashes.)


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 14:50:08 -0500

I have a hard time getting behind any proposed solutions that require 
global, synchronized changes to infrastructure... such a thing has 
only happened once in the history of the net, and the net was quite 
small at the time.


At 12:45 -0700 3/7/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>  > From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
>
>>  Artifically increasing the cost of email will not prevent spam.  It will
>>  reduce spam.  It will change who uses spam to advertise. 
>
>Those two ideas are clearly true.
>
>>                                                            It will 
>>also reduce
>>  the volume of email that we want to receive.
>
>I doubt that's necessary true for all spam targets.
>
>>  ...
>>  If we increase the cost of sending email, we'll find that many of the best
>>  things about email ...
>
>That seems to be based on the false notion the increasing the cost of
>any mail must increase the cost of all mail.
>
>I still think the future of spam is what I've been predicting for
>years.  Recent statements from the Direct Mailers Association seem to
>me to be confirmation.  I believe that eventually bulk mail will be
>taxed like alcohol and tobacco, at a rate of $0.01 to $0.10 per
>addressee.  The tax will probably not be called a tax, but something
>like misleading much like the Gore Tax on telephone serice.  It will
>be rationalized as "closing the digital divide" and "for the children."
>A large part of the money will be spent on bureaucrats to do paper
>work and detect and punish scofflaws.  The remainder will be sent to
>ISPs that agree to participate to support free or reduced price services.
>
>The penalties for failing to pay the tax will be imposed not just on
>the spammers like Ralsky and Spamford but on their customers.  Recall
>that very little spam fails to provide good ways to contact those people,
>which means the use of foreign spam service bureaus, open relays, and
>so forth will be irrelevant or evidence of intent to evade the tax.
>
>Foreign spammers will be handled with the same mechanisms used to
>fight fake Rolex watches and copies of music and movies.  Those
>mechanisms are not perfect, but they don't need to be.
>
>The taxes will be welcomed by advertisers for two main reasons.  The
>taxes will limit the amount of spam we get to the volume of junk paper
>mail which will defuse the public anger.  Second, the current cost of
>spam is "too cheap to meter" and so hard to make a business of.  A
>$0.03/adressee tax would make administrative costs of $0.01/addressee
>and margins of $0.01/addressee sound reasonable.
>
>If I'm right about that, then political implications suggest that
>body filtering will remain effective.  They also suggest that real
>opt-out/do-not-mail lists will appear.
>
>
>Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records) 
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 13:23:09 -0700

On Fri, 7 Mar 2003 14:07:14 -0500  Keith Moore wrote:
 +------------------
 | 
 | > > - should not depend on universal deployment to be effective
 | > 
 | > This is highly desirable, but not a rigid requirement. 
 | 
 | none of these are rigid requirements.  actually this is a pet peeve of mine 
-
 | if these exercises get seen as attempts to establish lists of requirements
 | then everyone tries to justify his pet feature as a requirement.  they are
 | "criteria" or "desirable goals".  and it's perfectly possible and reasonable
 | for one desirable goal to run afoul of another one.
 | 
 | the point about universal deployment is this - if in order to be useful, a
 | spam-blocking scheme requires wide deployment, and no benefit results until
 | that condition is met, then if there is doubt that the scheme will be widely
 | deployed, it becomes difficult to get people to invest in it.  all things
 | being equal, a scheme which can be incrementally deployed and which produces
 | some immediate benefit for those who invest in it is more likely to succeed.
 | 
 | > If I choose to adopt an email solution that requires senders to
 | > me to use a particular new technology in order to reach me,
 | > is that a dependency on universal deployment?  
 | 
 | it depends on how you define success.  if by imposing the particular new
 | technology you get rid of spam without discouraging people from sending you
 | mail that you want to receive, then it was successful for you.  if it does
 | discourage people from sending you mail that you want to receive, then it
 | probably was not successful for you.   of course, what is successful for you
 | might not be successful on a large scale.
 | 
 | Keith
 | _______________________________________________
 | Asrg mailing list
 | Asrg@ietf.org
 | https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
 +------------------

--
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 13:19:37 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>

> ...
> > There is a difference between the From_ header and the From: header.
>
> As suggested in my previous email, I find the use of the term "From_ 
> header" confusing.  I have a very simple view of the world: headers are
> defined in RFC 2822 and related RFCs, and refers to the stuff at the
> top of the message data (as message data is defined in 2821).  Commands
> are 
> defined in RFC 2821 and related RFCs.  The use of "header" to describe
> stuff sent in the message envelope triggers my "imprecise language"
> alarm. 

Such alarms are valuable because imprecise language often indicates
imprecise or simply wrong thinking.


> I also have no idea where the underscore originates.  Or perhaps are you
>
> talking about something entirely separate from these two RFC sets?
> ...

I can't say what the other person meant, but:

 - "_" has historically been used to indicate a single ASCII blank.

 - "From_" tends to refer to the non-RFC 822 header historically and
    optionally added to the start of messages by various mail systems.
    This header tends (or tended) to contain the RFC 821 sender or 
    SMTP Mail_From value and the data.  When UUCP is used, it tends to
    contain the UUCP path, except when rmail has been hacked to recognize
    when the last host is an FQDN and use that instead.
 
    I think the sendmail "Ops" document calls this the "UNIX From" header.
    Look for options controlling it in the "mailer" rules or control
    lines in sendmail.cf.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: [Asrg] Race conditions at end of DATA
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 15:30:05 -0500 (EST)

From: list-ietf-antispam@faerber.muc.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Claus_F=E4rber?=)

> David F. Skoll <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> schrieb/wrote:
> > The scanning is done at the end of the DATA phase while the sender is
> > waiting for the final acknowledgement.  The recommended timeout here
> > according to RFC 2821 is 10 minutes, so adding under a second of
> > content-scanning shouldn't be a problem.

> The problem is that this phase is the one vulnerable to race conditions:

This is true.

> If the connection breaks between accepting the message and getting the
> response through to the sender, a dupe will be created. So it's
> desireable to keep that period of time as short as possible.

Right.  But the race condition is there whether you do scanning or not.
It's an inherent limitation of the protocol.

We have about 40 deployments of our commercial scanning solution, and
probably thousands of the GPL'd version, and I haven't heard of anyone
getting a dupe because of this race condition.  To cause a problem,
the scanner would have to take an unreasonably long time, and the
sending relay would have to have an unreasonably short timeout.

--
David.
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To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Locked addresses (was Do we need to do anything?
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 15:12:01 -0500

At 1:10 PM -0500 3/7/03, David F. Skoll wrote:
>On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>>  Again.  My mother is standing at the email kiosk in an airport.  She
>>  wants to send email to you.  You've authorized one of her temporary
>>  email messages to send email to one of your temporary email messages.
>>  Now what?
>
>She logs on to her ISP's Webmail system, where all of her locked
>addresses are stored.  Using her "normal" (to her) e-mail address, she
>sends you a message over the Webmail.  The ISP's server looks up the
>originator address and the destination address, modifies
>appropriately, and shoots it off.
>
>Piece of cake.

I see.  You're saying that she sends email via her mail server (using 
some authentication mechanism to be specified by the server).  And 
that mail server retains an N-factorial list of possible email 
address combinations.  Your email client uses your "real" address 
sending to the MTA.  The sending MTA transforms that based on who you 
are sending email to.  And the receiving MTA receives it based on who 
it was sent to AND from.

So now not only am I tied to my ISPs whim for an email address 
(mediaone last year, attbi last month, comcast today), I'm also tied 
to them because if I go to another ISP I'm unable to send email to 
any of my contacts.  Not only will they reject the mail if I send it 
from a new address, I don't even know what their email address is!

Of course you can quarantine all of your email that someone sends to 
an address from the wrong address, and look at it.  And you can bet 
all your spam is going to have subjects like: "My email address just 
changed" in order to get you to open that mail.

You could also fix much of the problem by having a consistent concept 
of "identity" that could be checked by looking up an address (and 
vice versa).  But then we are talking about cryptographic 
authentication systems for individuals--again.

>  > This is typically an address book.  How
>>  does this get implemented without the use of MUA changes?
>
>Easy.  In your address book, I am
>"ephem-zbhsbhbe3@roaringpenguin.com".  That's my address.  No problem.
>Any mail you send to that address, from your own address, will work.
>If you also have ephemeral addresses, then you need to send it out via
>your server.  Your server obscures your address, but that's OK,
>because my server knows *you* as "ephem-zkjkejruih3@yourdomain.com",
>which is all it sees.

You've got an interesting protocol problem for initial contacts 
between two people.  It involves quarantines, special server 
protocols for mapping addresses, and then remapping addresses once 
the recipient has decided on an ephemeral address to use.  I think it 
looks something like this:

0. You give me dfs-bizcard@example.com, I put it in my address book.
1. I send email to dfs-bizcard@example.com
2. My server sets my from to asdfasdf@example.net
3. Your server quarantines my message until you can okay it.
4. Your server sends back a confirmation to my server telling it that 
your address for me will be qwerqwer@example.com.
5. My server remaps asdfasdf@example.net to be the standard from 
address for mail to qwerqwer@example.com.
6. My server sends me mail telling me that your address is 
qewrqwer@example.com.
7. I add qewrqwer@example.com to my address book and remove 
dfs-bizcard@example.com.
6. Finally we can talk.  But only if I use my server. And if I ever 
go anywhere else I can no longer communicate with you.  And of 
course, if I don't have a server that supports this, I have to handle 
this whole negotiation by hand.

I think having an address book that is so complex that only a server 
can manage it is a bad idea.  Tying it to your current email address 
(which as we all know, changes frequently for people) and company or 
ISP is even worse.

Fundamentally this is just another complex 
challenge/response->whitelist system, and they have two problems that 
I think will keep them from working.

1. They annoy customers, so businesses won't adopt them.
2. They don't work with automated business email, so customers won't 
adopt them.

We've already had at least one public complaint (and many private I'm 
sure) of Nate W, who is using such a system on this list.  (And a 
broken one as well, I've had to respond to "Nate's Secretary" 
multiple times already.)  And we've also seen the failure of content 
filters on this list.  I'm surprised nobody's bounced my domain due 
to some blacklist yet.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps
References: <20030307144956.12c8e78f.moore@cs.utk.edu>
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 13:57:43 -0700 (MST)

> From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>

> > I believe that eventually bulk mail will be
> > taxed like alcohol and tobacco, at a rate of $0.01 to $0.10 per
> > addressee.  
> ...
>
> > If I'm right about that, then political implications suggest that
> > body filtering will remain effective.  They also suggest that real
> > opt-out/do-not-mail lists will appear.
>
> my conclusions are similar.  note that the real purpose of such a tax would be
> to make spam legally legitimate, while raising the bar just enough to make it
> inaccessible by small companies.   but it wouldn't do anything to improve
> the signal-to-noise ratio of email.

Spam is already generally "legally legitimate," albeit becoming a
little less so.  The taxes will not raise the bar above the reach of
what are often called "small companies" (e.g. $1M/year revenue) but
above the reach of those who pay $300 for books, tapes and seminars
on how to get rich quick.

The tax will not directly improve the signat/noise ratio of mail in your
mailbox if your spam load is like that of the typical U.S.Postal Service
patron.  However, if you spam load is like that of many U.S. retail ISP
customers, it will be a noticable improvement.  The s/n ratio in your
mailbox will probably be significantly improved indirectly, or you will
spend less effort on filters.  The Dell Computers and RealNetworks of
the world do and will not deign to try to work around filters as the
get rich quick spammers do.  The DMA will teach its members that overtly
trying to break filters is bad for a business that depends on
Congresssional sufferance and that it's dumb to force advertising on
people who are willing to spend the effort to filter it.  It's better
to leave anti-advertising zealots alone than to poke us with sticks.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] [OT] Sender verification
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 15:43:35 -0500

At 11:52 AM -0700 3/7/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>Note that sending to both the list and the other person causes the other
>person to get two copies of your wonderful words.  Isn't that Special?

Another one of those "the sender decides" problems with SMTP.  On the 
bright side, we could have used X.400 instead.

Personally I prefer to get the two messages.  They end up in two 
different queues and the ones that replied to me direct are read 
before the list.  Which is in my mind how it should be.  First you 
listen to the people talking to you--then the ones talking to the 
room.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Locked addresses (was Do we need to do anything?
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 15:44:51 -0500 (EST)

On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> I see.  You're saying that she sends email via her mail server (using
> some authentication mechanism to be specified by the server).  And
> that mail server retains an N-factorial list of possible email

It's not N-factorial; where did you come up with that?  It's
N-squared.

> So now not only am I tied to my ISPs whim for an email address
> (mediaone last year, attbi last month, comcast today), I'm also tied
> to them because if I go to another ISP I'm unable to send email to
> any of my contacts.

No.  When you send mail to your contacts, you'll need to use their
public challenge-response address to revalidate yourself.

This is a pain, no doubt.  There's no pain-free way to end spam that I
can see.

> You've got an interesting protocol problem for initial contacts
> between two people.

No, not really.  Like I said, you have an initial challenge-response
contact address for the first contact.  You need to make the challenge
easy to solve by a human, but hard for an automated process.

> 6. Finally we can talk.  But only if I use my server. And if I ever
> go anywhere else I can no longer communicate with you.

Yes, you can, via dfs-bizcard.

> I think having an address book that is so complex that only a server
> can manage it is a bad idea.

Lots of people already do that.  LDAP, anyone?

--
David.
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records) 
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 13:41:31 -0700

On Fri, 7 Mar 2003 12:10:14 -0700 (MST)  Vernon Schryver wrote:
 +------------------
 | > From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
 |
 | > ... The main problem I see is the lack of any way to make senders
 | > accountable for their actions, and to distinguish responsible
 | > senders from irresponsible ones.
 |
 | exactly. That statement belongs somewhere in the problem statement
 | that seems to part of the nominal purpose of this mailing list.
 +------------------

The main problem with Keith Moore's statement is that it provides no
insight about what to take action against. Todate all anti-spam
technology has been implemented on behalf of the recipient. It seems
like it will be impossible to impose a motivation on the sender without
totally changing what we mean when we say email.

It might be a resonable strategic position to re-archetect email along
lines that enable enforcement of sender responsability. But that is not
a tactical solution available to us in the short term.

As such that Mr Moore's statement belongs in the overview, scope or
concusion sections of any formal statement of a goals document for
this group.

--
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 15:40:04 -0500 (EST)

Vernon Schryver wrote:

> > I think a mechanism similar to DCC could be good.  We need a way for
> > lots of sensors to dump information into the collection network.  We
> > need a way to decide what summaries of the data are useful.  And we need
> > a way to extract the data without compromising privacy.  (e.g., report
> > SHA1 hashes of addresses rather than addresses themselves.)
> > ...

> I think I'm qualified to comment on that idea.  The short version of
> my take is "great in theory but nearly hopeless in practice."

OK.

> The hopeless part is that in practice it is extremely difficult to
> build a network large enough to collect enough data to be other than
> a muddy pile of annecdotes.

Well, this is a research group; we consider blue-sky ideas.  If most
people start seeing the level of spam that striker.ottawa.on.ca does,
there will be huge incentive to collaborate.

> The DCC is more than 2 years old, but it
> still sees at most single-digit percentages of all mail in the network
> and perhaps less.

I'm not sure that you need a much higher percentage than that.  If
your sensors are well-dispersed, a couple of percent should be pretty
representative, or at least enough to start detecting trends.

> Even in the skewed population that does use the DCC, there is evidence
> that making generalizations is very hard.  There is 3X difference in
> spam load per user depending on organization type judging from
> http://www.dcc-servers.net/dcc/graphs/comp-rates

Yes, I see that also among my customers.  But we're looking for trends
across the whole Internet.

[...]
> Consider the dangers of being able to
> ask whether the system has seen a message with a sender of the hash of
> "Bill Gates" and at recipeint of the hash of "Steve Jobs" today.

You probably only want hashes of IP addresses, not e-mail addresses.
If the DCC collected not only message hashes, but also the number of
different IPs from which those messages originated, I bet we'd see
some interesting data.

--
David.
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 15:40:51 -0500

Ok.. here is my current climate for Friday 03/07/2003-

RMX: is really neat, but all the it actually does is allow the validation of
the sending server. It does nothing to actually stop the spam. As a
postmaster, this concept still has me drooling all over myself as currently
most of my spam is spoofed and each IP lookup takes time to insure that the
spammer isn't using a legitimate service that I cannot block as a whole. 
I still believe that it can be incrementally deployed and AUP violators can
be more easily identified and CHARGED $$$.

DNSRBL: the issue I have with this is- What crazy person is entering the
IP's?

CONTENT FILTERING: I do this currently. There is a difference between
context and content that has yet to be resolved and since it is
programmatic, it can be eventually defeated. It is a horsepower hog.

TOKENS: I have privacy issues with this if the token is generated by the
sender. Virus writers and hackers could also hijack or misuse them.

I am sure that point "i)" should be taken out for the time being. I believe
that to be a personal preference and would restrict discussion of some
really good ideas.
 
I disagree on "h)" too. I believe that the actual sender of UCE should be
charged $10 per email ;-)

Have a good weekend all!

Regards,
Damon Sauer











-----Original Message-----
From: Adam Back [mailto:adam@cypherspace.org]
Sent: Friday, March 07, 2003 2:26 PM
To: Balachander Krishnamurthy
Cc: asrg@ietf.org; Adam Back
Subject: evaluating proposals against requirements (Re: [Asrg]
requirements for a proposed solution + notion of consent)


Those requirements sound good to me, it may not be possible to satisfy
them all simultaneously but at least they express the problem so
people can measure solutions against them.  I've numbered them, let's
measure a few of the current proposals against these:

a) should minimize spam to some acceptable level
b) should not prevent delivery of legitimate mail
c) should not adversely impact valuable functionality
d) should be easy to use (even for grandma)
e) should be easy to deploy, incrementally
f) should not depend on universal deployment to be effective
g) should provide incentives to deploy for those doing the deployment
h) senders and receivers should not have to pay additional monetary costs 
i) should not require new protocols
j) there should be no additional impact on privacy


(this presumes the solution is universally deployed for the sake of
argument; deployability and chances of getting there are covered by 6,
7 and 9).

1) RMX plus fixed DNS

b,d,h,j

I think the rest it does not do.  To explain a) I suspect there will
still be lots of spam from AUP violations, and spammers who run their
own RMX servers; c) complicates sending while travelling; e) if you
deploy it incrementally you lose mail; f) can't reasonably be turned
on until fully deployed; g) provides no incentive to deploy until
critical mass is reached as you can't turn it on; i) it requires
depoyment of new protocols.

2) Bayesian filters + hashcash + token white lists.

a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,j

About things it does not do: i) it requires deployment of extensions
to existing protocols

Some of the things it claims to do are not as effective as other
solutions: a) it will reduce spam, but it won't stop it because it
just increases the cost from 0.0001c to say 1c -- this may help
because it may become more targetted; b) bayesian filters have a small
but not zero false positive rate; f) before universal deployment you
are relying on bayesian filters, and hashcash is just to avoid false
positives; g) your incentive to deploy is to avoid mail you send being
caught in false positives; h) individuals would have only CPU costs,
which they probably already have sufficient spare resources for, some
large organizations if they add tokens at the outgoing mail hub may
have to upgrade hardware; 

Also about this approach: it's not clear how long Bayesian filters
will hold-out -- they are effective now because of limited deployment,
I suspect if deployment got to a high enough spammers might go the
next level and win that arms race.

I welcome any criticism of the ratings of either of these, and
suggested ratings for other proposals.

Adam
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> > waiting for the final acknowledgement.  The recommended timeout here
> > according to RFC 2821 is 10 minutes, so adding under a second of
> > content-scanning shouldn't be a problem.
>
> The problem is that this phase is the one vulnerable to race conditions:  
> If the connection breaks between accepting the message and getting the  
> response through to the sender, a dupe will be created. So it's  
> desireable to keep that period of time as short as possible.

10 minutes is many eternities for any scanning that does not involve
asking outside systems, and is several eternities even for some
outside checking.

Have there been any reports of increased dups associted with the use
of Sendmail milter filters other than the DCC?  I've certainly heard
of nothing like that from users of DCC clients.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 13:08:05 -0800 (PST)

On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> At 11:40 PM -0800 3/6/03, Nate W wrote:
> >  > But fundamentally whitelisting fails without authentication.
> >
> >Fails occasionally, and would be greatly improved without authentication,
> 
> It fails occasionally only because whitelisting is not widely used. 
> Use it widely and the spammers will adapt.  I just had to reply to 
> someone's damn challenge response system on this list.  

It may have been mine, and (if the message above is any indication) it was
probably because you addressed a reply directly to me (or whoever) while
CCing the list.  Sending replies to the list alone would make more sense,
but that's neither here nor there.

This may be optimistic, but I don't think spammers will adapt to
widespread whitelisting.  They'll try, but they'll fail.  Maintaining
"Millions" CDs of address pairs (recipient and a whitelisted sender known
to work for that recipient) is a big job.  First there's the problem of
finding a whitelisted address that actually works.  Then there's the fact
that a single spam gets through, the address pair ceases to work.  
Two-Millions CDs might get popular, but they won't make much difference in
the amount of spam actually seen by whitelist users.

Sending spam with a customized address in the "From" header of every
single outgoing message requires much more bandwidth than the usual relay
hijack approach of sending a single message with many enevelope
recipients.  It does happen now, but AFAICT it's unusual, I assume because
it requires enough bandwidth to get noticed and stopped.  I'm curious
about this though, if anyone has evidence to the contrary I'm all ears.

(Note that I see whitelisting as a way to address the problem of time
wasted by recipients.  It does not solve the bandwidth-waste problem, in
fact I acknowledge that it makes that problem worse.)

> Any spammer wanting to hit people on this list need only browse the
> archive, construct a list of who spoke to whom, and spam away.

That assumes that there's a lot of off-list conversation going on among
the list members.  Having an autoresponder&whitelist setup reduces that a
bit. :-)

Having usable addresses posted in mailing list archives strikes me as an
exceptionally bad idea, though.  It's rather ironic that an anti-spam
group would create such a resource for spammers.  There's plenty of ways
around this problem.

> But the point is, and I think a large number of people have already
> made it on this list, that solutions that require changing the MUA are
> less likely to gain acceptance than systems at the MTA level.

True, but I doubt that there will be an effective MTA-level solution.  
The information the MTA has to work with just isn't enough to make a
reliable decision about consent. (Not to mention the number of MTAs
controlled or hijacked by spammers.)  We have DNSBLs and the like, and I
think that's about as far as MTA-only solutions will get.  Adding
information for the MTA to base the consent decision upon will require
changing the MUA at one end or the other.

I'd love to believe that there's an MTA-only solution out there, but it
seems to me that the MTAs don't have access to enough information to solve
this problem.  But again, I'd like to be persuaded to believe otherwise.

> 1. Initially ISPs only block bulk email that doesn't match the 
> authorized domain standard.

Sounds like an authenticated MTA-based whitelist.  I like it.

> 2. Over time as companies move to protect their domains (and that is 
> the incentive--protecting yourself from forgery), they can (or 
> individuals can) block based on domain or personal authentication 
> even for non-bulk email.  Note that at this point there is still no 
> MUA change required unless you are sending email from a location 
> other than one authorized by your domain.

How does one block email based on sender authentication information
without adding authentication information to the message with an
MUA?  Perhaps I misunderstand; please elaborate.

> I think that meets the necessary requirements of placing changes in 
> the locations where they are most likely to be made, and providing 
> for a gradual path to greater and greater security.
> 
> What I don't know in that model, is how we deal with malicious ISPs.

I like that model a lot.  Two ideas come to mind for dealing with losers:

Revoke their certificates.  How this is accomplished is left as an
exercise for the reader.

Require member ISPs to join with a contract stating that they will:

a) pay cleanup costs associated with spam from their domain;
 
b) pay extra for their membership, with the extra cost paying for
 spam-control infrastructure;

c) pay all costs associated with legally persuing individuals or
organizations who send spam through that ISP (this should encourage the
ISP to create and enforce strict terms of service for their customers);

d) put a deposit in escrow upon joining, to be refunded if they
leave the origanization on good terms, to be forfeited it to pay for
expenses as above.  This would be an obstacle to smaller ISPs though so
I'm not real fond of this one.

-- 

Nate Waddoups
Redmond WA USA
http://www.natew.com


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Date: Sat, 08 Mar 2003 08:11:07 +1100

At 10:37 7/03/03 -0500, Balachander Krishnamurthy wrote:
>- no new protocol should be required to implement such solutions (maybe 
>this is
>    covered in 'easy to deploy')

I would qualify - no substitute protocol should be required. A new protocol 
that acts as an auxiliary mechanism can be as easy to deploy as anything else.

--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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Vernon Schryver wrote:
>>From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
>>Vernon wrote: 
>>>I think they should also use the DCC to reject all bulk mail, but
>>>that's probably only my bias speaking.
>>
>>That's a _much_ better idea than banning specific character sets or mime.

> Maybe so or maybe not.  Using the DCC to reject all bulk mail would
> prune a lot of conference announcements and calls for papers.  I think
> that would be a good thing, but I know others disagree with me.

Not _inbound_ to the IETF.

Only if they spammed it, got DCC reports, and then forwarded to the IETF 
would it get blocked.  Which is what you want, no?

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Date: 07 Mar 2003 00:00:00 +0000

Hallo,

I'd like to present an idea how MTAs could cooperate to stop spamming
hosts:

* Each MTA host calculates a "score" of each host (IP address) it
  receives mail from.

  Messages received from another host contribute to a bad score, if they
  eventually bounce, are filtered by a message filter or are registered
  as bad by any other means.
  Mail that is sucessfully delivered adds to a good score.
  (The idea is, of course, that bad hosts will send a large number of
  "bad" mail, i.e. mail that bounces or is filtered. On the other hand,
  mailing lists tend to send a large number of good messages.)

  It also calculates a degree of reliability of that score based on the
  number of messages used and/or the reliability of each individual
  value the calculation of the score is based on.
  (This would work well with filters whose output is also some sort of
  non-boolean "spamicity", e.g. Bayesian filters.)

* Each MTA shares its score of other hosts with other MTAs by using some
  sort of peer-to-peer network. (For example, UDP packets. Other hosts
  could be found automatically whenever a SMTP connection is made.) Of
  course, public keys are used for authentication.

* Each MTA compares the values it reveives from other hosts with its own
  calculated values and assigns each host (that is, each public key) a
  credibility factor based on how much its own calculated values agree
  with that of other hosts. Of course, it takes the reliabilty of all
  values into account.

  (For example, it host A a good score for a host C with a high
  reliability, it will assign a bad credibility for a host B that claims
  a bad score for C with a high credibility. It wouldn't give B such a
  bad credibility if either A or B had assigned a lower reliability for
  that score.)
  (The credibility is not only to detect rouge hosts, it can also be
  used against bad implementations or hosts that just tend to disagree.)

* Based on the own calculations and the data a host gets from other
  hosts, it calculates the probability that a host (IP) connecting will
  try to send "bad" mail.
  (This should be statistically equivalent to a calculation based on the
  good to bad ratio over all receiving MTAs.)

* Depending on this probability, it can then take counter-measures.
  As a general rule, counter-measures should only delay mail receipt of
  messages (and not cause bounces or even drop messages silently).

  Examples:
  * disabling PIPELINING (and checking that a host does not use it
    nevertheless, which is a common behaviour of spamming sites).
  * accepting only a low number of recipients per connection.
  * random generation of transient(!) errors.
  * refusing SMTP connections randomly.
  * Teergrubing, i.e. causing long delays by sending responses with a
    large number of continuation lines at long intervals.

The idea is that one host that start spamming will set off the alarm by
sending a large number of bad messages: messages that bounce or are
labelled as bad by filters. Ideally, it should not make a differencs if
a large number of messages is sent to a single host or a low number to a
large number of different hosts. In both cases, all hosts should quickly
assign a bad score to the spamming host.

The desired result is that the spamming host is slowed down more and
more until it can't send mail efficiently any longer. Hopefully, this
happens before the spammer has spammed most of the net.

Claus
-- 
http://www.faerber.muc.de/
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] RE: claims about law
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Date: Sat, 08 Mar 2003 08:08:58 +1100

At 11:12 7/03/03 +0000, Tom Thomson wrote:
> >   3.4. The likely endgame for this behaviour is to force senders of
> >   unwanted bulk e-mail to stop lying about who they are, which is
> >   illegal in meatspace anyway
>
>Why spoil what might otherwise be a fairly decent piece of work with a
>blatantly nonsensical claim like this?  In the UK, the only time I am
>required to identify myself as the publisher of something is when I publish
>election literature for a local, national, or European government election
>(plus cases where an identity of the publisher is inherently part of the
>publication, such as certain legal notices).

There is a difference between mere anonymity and actual misrepresentation 
as to identity. Misrepresentation as to identity may constitute the torts 
of deceit (if it causes damage to a person who relies on the 
misrepresentation to their detriment), passing off (if it causes a person 
to believe the product is being offered by an unrelated business), or 
defamation (if it represents that another person or business is the 
spammer). If done in trade or commerce, any misrepresentation, even an 
inadvertent one, may be illegal without more under fair trading statutes. 
If an intentional misrepresentation (that is, a deception) is made with the 
intention of making a financial gain by that misrepresentation, it may be a 
criminal offence under statutes supplementing the law of larceny. The use 
of the domain name of another where the domain name reflects the holder's 
trademark may be illegal under trademark statutes.

Some of these have even been successfully tested in relation to fraudulent 
misidentification by spammers.

--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Collecting statistics
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 14:26:59 -0700 (MST)

> From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>

> ...
> > Consider the dangers of being able to
> > ask whether the system has seen a message with a sender of the hash of
> > "Bill Gates" and at recipeint of the hash of "Steve Jobs" today.
>
> You probably only want hashes of IP addresses, not e-mail addresses.
> If the DCC collected not only message hashes, but also the number of
> different IPs from which those messages originated, I bet we'd see
> some interesting data.

Please think how you would utilize such a system if you were a bad
guy or just trolling for interesting information for buying and selling
stock.  Traffic analysis can be applied to more than just names.

The DCC can also collect hashes of IP addresses.  At Paul Vixie's
suggestion, early versions could answer questions like "how many messages
with this body checksum had this source IP address?" To mitigate the
obvious privacy worries even in the original business model where all
DCC servers would be run by a reasonable trustworty outfit as well as
to deal with performance issues, the results were imprecise.  I removed
those mechanisms as the model changed and to gain performance.

Please also consider the amount of data you are talking about.  You
will probably collect 500 or 1000 bytes per mail message.  (A dozen
16- byte checksums, pointers, counts, padding, etc.)  If you sample
1% of mail, and accept my guess that's 100 M msgs/day, you're talking
about collecting and reducing 100 GBytes of data/day.  You'd need to
repeat your measurements every day for a week, because spam varies
during the data and during the week.  You'd also want to repeat it
every few weeks to catch long term changes.  Arithmetic gives numbers
that would need a serious source funds.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: Jonathan Wilkins <jwilkins@microsoft.com>,
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 13:30:41 -0800

> If an attacker fails when spoofing foo.com they can turn
> around and spoof bar.com.  If that fails too, they can keep
> trying until they manage to get something cached.  

This attack is very easily prevented.

It has only a chance of 1 in 2^16 of succeeding per spoofing
try.

The DNS client can very easily detect attempts at spoofing.
It simply keeps a record of unsolicited DNS responses.

So if the DNS client receives 10 unsolicited responses for 
xyz.com the client simply notes that it is under attack from
a party wanting to spoof that address.

So the probability of success withthat threshold is 1 in 6636.


> You always know where to spoof.  You send the packets at
> the SMTP server, since that's the machine that's going to
> make a request of it's server.  

That is not going to work. The SMTP server knows what the
address of its DNS server is. You may know the destination
address but you don't know the source.

If it is an issue you can secure the DNS client/server 
connection using TSIG.


I do not find this attack to be persuasive. I might have
concerns if we were considering a cryptographic protocol
intended to provide robust confidentiality and integrity.
However for our particular application the perfect is going
to be the enemy of the good.

The IETF has not been particularly good at designing security
protocols. The only two major successes, Kerberos and SSL were
both developed and deployed successfully before being brought
to the IETF. Internally developed security protocols have 
tended to fall victim to requirements bloat leading to
protocols that are too inflexible to deploy.

For example we could have easily provided a usefull degree of
security in SMTP by simply incorporating a certificateless
DH key exchange to secure the connection. That idea was squashed
as there is a man-in-the-middle vulnerability so we have had
NOTHING instead - until people started to use STARTTLS in a
configuration that i actually vulnerable to that same MITM 
attack.


All we have to do to defeat spam is to reduce the probability 
of success to 1 in 100 or so and the spam sender costs are
toast. We have a technology already designed and deploed in
100 million clients that reduces the probability of success
to 1 in 2^128 - S/MIME. Only it is not going to provide a 
solution at current deployment rates.

		Phill 
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> snail mail spammers routinely pay considerably larger sums.  
> why wouldn't they

They do so with considerably greater concern for targetting.

We need to be realistic in our definition of success. Signitificantly
reducing but not eliminating spam completely is a major success.


AOL recently got a billion spams in a day. That means that each
week AOL is getting as much spam as Hormel have ever made.

		Phill 
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Alan DeKok wrote:
> Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:

>>I know of at least one ISP (and I'm sure there are others) that do 
>>this.  He blocks based on bounces.  As soon as he blocks an IP, 
>>another one starts sending him the spam.  This goes on for thousands 
>>of IPs.

>   I spent a few days last year blocking IP's based on bounces.  It
> went as follows:
> 
>   <block 100's of IP's>
>   <wait 10 minutes>
>   <repeat>

>   No end in sight,

>>I seriously wonder if there isn't some rather sophisticated 
>>distributed server spam software running out there on rooted servers, 
>>and we just haven't figured it out yet.

>   That would fit the data I'm seeing.

Both the analysis I've done on your spamtrap, and the analysis I've done 
on ours, would indicate that you don't need to go to these lengths to 
"fit the data".

The simpler answer is "Millions CDs and LOTS of open proxies/relays".

I've generally not seen IPs _notice_ that we're rejecting email. It's 
simply that certain spam variants are sent from literally thousands of 
different IPs.  Ie: debt consolidation, viagra, HGH.

Some of this is certainly orchestrated from central points (eg: Ralsky's 
operations), but I don't see anything to indicate that even Ralsky makes 
use of the rejection information to "drive" his forwarders differentially.

>   Of course, 10,000 clueless small-scale spammers would also fit the
> data, but I think that's less likely.

A few Millions CD/open proxy/socks ratware owners would explain it too.

Spot checks of both your and our data showed a high correlation between 
source IPs and IPs already blacklisted by BOPM, Monkeys, OSIRUS 
proxy/socks et al.

Note also that if they're using open relays, with the usual forged MAIL 
FROM (which is a pretty high percentage of spam), the spammer _CANNOT_ 
see the rejects or bounces.

However, I have seen reports of stealth spamware trojans from ISP abuse 
desks.  This is where somehow a piece of software got installed onto a 
user's machine, that instead of listening for inbound connects (like an 
open proxy), periodically calls _out_ to the spammer, and retrieves 
instructions on what to do.  No details or forensics seen yet.

These are truly nasty, because you can't scan for them.

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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 13:41:03 -0800 (PST)

On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Adam Back wrote:

> Those requirements sound good to me, it may not be possible to satisfy
> them all simultaneously but at least they express the problem so
> people can measure solutions against them.  I've numbered them, let's
> measure a few of the current proposals against these:
> 
> a) should minimize spam to some acceptable level

May I suggest splitting that into two criteria?

1) should reduce the network bandwidth consumed by spam (including related
transmissions such as bounce messages)

2) should reduce the number of unwanted messages presented to the end user

-- 

Nate Waddoups
Redmond WA USA
http://www.natew.com


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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 14:37:25 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>

> ...
> > Maybe so or maybe not.  Using the DCC to reject all bulk mail would
> > prune a lot of conference announcements and calls for papers.  I think
> > that would be a good thing, but I know others disagree with me.
>
> Not _inbound_ to the IETF.
>
> Only if they spammed it, got DCC reports, and then forwarded to the IETF 
> would it get blocked.  Which is what you want, no?

I don't understand.

The right way to apply the DCC to IETF mailing lists would be with
addressee threasholds of 5 or at most 10 to allow a little cross-posting.
Any message received by an IETF SMTP server and sent to more than 5
or 10 addresses would be rejected as "unsolicited bulk" using 5 or 10
as the definition of "bulk" and the notion that no IETF mailing list
ever solicits any bulk mail.

CFPs are often bulkier than 5 or 10 when they first appear on an IETF
mailing list.  After one copy has been exploded on one IETF list, another
copy to another IETF list is likely to be a 100 or 1000 times bulkier.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Sat, 08 Mar 2003 08:37:45 +1100

At 13:08 7/03/03 -0800, Nate W wrote:
>This may be optimistic, but I don't think spammers will adapt to
>widespread whitelisting.  They'll try, but they'll fail.  Maintaining
>"Millions" CDs of address pairs (recipient and a whitelisted sender known
>to work for that recipient) is a big job.

1. That's not the only way to adapt to whitelisting.

2. This ignores the damage done by whitelisting.

See pp17-22 of 
http://www.noie.gov.au/projects/confidence/Improving/Spam/Interim_Report/CAUBE_Sub.pdf

In fact if you haven't been working on the spam problem for a few years at 
least, you should probably be reading that whole document in order to come 
up to speed (or at least to have enough basic knowledge to start evaluating 
proposed solutions).
--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 13:45:31 -0800 (PST)

On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> As for challenge/response schemes, they're fine for people who want to
> use them.  But I find them so annoying (even with whitelists) that I'm
> unlikely to impose them on people who send me mail.  Maybe if we could
> automate them somehow so that users didn't have to deal with them
> directly, they wouldn't be so annoying.

That's a bit of a double-edge sword, since if you can automate them, the
spammers can automate them.

On the other hand, I think the odds are low that a spammer can maintain a
return address that actually functions long enough to reply to a
significant number of whitelist confirmations.  Not to mention that the
reward for accomplishing such is getting exactly one bit of spam through
to a user; once it arrives, the user is likely to blacklist the newly
whitelisted address.

-- 

Nate Waddoups
Redmond WA USA
http://www.natew.com


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Let's try something different
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 13:49:17 -0800
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Brad Davis wrote:

> Jed Margolin wrote:
> > 1. Sender's email is stored on Sender's server. Recipient is sent a
message
> > with a unique link to the message and a maximum Subject line of 80
> > alphanumeric characters.
>
> As has been pointed out, spammers are already going down this path with
HTML
> encoded email.

The HTML encoded spam I receive uses bandwidth *and* links.


> > 2. Sender can be anonymous, but not to Sender's ISP. There will be a
feature
> > (a button) so Recipient can tell Sender's ISP, "Don't send me any
further
> > email from this Sender."
>  >
> > 3. Broadcasting is prohibited. If Sender wishes to send 1 million
identical
> > messages, then Sender's server will contain 1 million copies of the
message.
>  >
> > 4. Sender's ISP will be notified if (and when) the email has been read
so it
> > can be deleted from Sender's server. Alternatively, email can be deleted
> > from Sender's server at the end of the day (or week) that it is read.
>
> These are useless since the spamming software (and often the spamming
machine)
> is controlled by the spammer.  (Some of the most "interesting" spam I've
> received is for software to do spamming from a Windows PC without the need
for
> an ISP mail server (complete with a list of open SMTP relays and other
open
> proxies to use)).

Why would someone leave their SMTP relay open?


> Solutions must assume that the other side (the spam server) is totally
under
> control of spammers, that the other software was completely written by and
for
> spammers, that the other ISP supports spamming (it can be lucrative for
the
> ISP), and that the ISP's connection to the backbone is supportive of
spamming
> (spamming may provide needed hard cash for poor 3rd world nations).


Traffic from ISPs who refuse to play by the rules will be refused by the
Internet Community.

In other words, they will be excommunicated.

JM


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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 16:50:45 -0500 (EST)

> The DCC can also collect hashes of IP addresses.  At Paul Vixie's
> suggestion, early versions could answer questions like "how many messages
> with this body checksum had this source IP address?"

That's not what we want.  We want to answer this question:

"Has the message with this checksum originated from more than X distinct
IP addresses in the last Y hours?"

This query lets you detect open-relay and proxy abusers.

Although it looks like the DCC servers have to collect the IP
information, they don't have to give it out.  So the potential for
abuse is limited to the people who run the DCC servers, not to anyone
who can query them.

> Please also consider the amount of data you are talking about.  You
> will probably collect 500 or 1000 bytes per mail message.

No; way less than this.  For a mail message, we collect the body
checksum, the sending-IP checksum and maybe a few flags indicating
failed RCPT commands.  At most 60-100 bytes/message.

> If you sample 1% of mail, and accept my guess that's 100 M msgs/day,
> you're talking about collecting and reducing 100 GBytes of data/day.

I'm thinking 10GB/day.

You're right; the current DCC scheme of flooding breaks down.  So we
use a DNS-like approach.  A network of DCC servers are responsible for
different portions of the checksum space.  So if we're interested in
a message with checksum abcd1234..., the "root" DCC servers tell us which
servers collect statistics for the abcd... subspace.  Within a given
subspace, you can use flooding for redundancy.

> You'd need to
> repeat your measurements every day for a week, because spam varies
> during the data and during the week.  You'd also want to repeat it
> every few weeks to catch long term changes.  Arithmetic gives numbers
> that would need a serious source funds.

Or a more scalable architecture than flooding the database.

--
David.
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This is something I wrote as a general high level set of suggestions for 
spam filtering.  While it tends to stress current technologies (source 
and content filtering), it does have some applicability to other techniques.

May be useful as a starting point for a BCP on spam filtering.

Guiding General Principles: - spam is UBE (unsolicited bulk email)

- spam is a behaviour, not a content

- a spam filter is not an enforcer of your user's morals, but the
protection of your user's mailboxes from timewasting stuff they don't
want.

- in any but the smallest environment, some spam will get through
and some non-spam will be filtered. User expectation must be managed.
Provision must be made for detecting and dealing with false positives.

- spammers resort to the most extreme (sometimes criminal) measures to 
get around filtering as well as making the "message" as intrusive as 
possible.

- every spam block should be inline rejected with a contact point for
mistakes.

- spam should not be bounced - headers are almost always forged, thus
bounces go to the wrong places, and often harrass innocent third 
parties. Mail should be rejected during the SMTP transaction to provide 
feed back to legitimate senders.

- you need to come up with a guidance metric for what level of false
positives is acceptable.  Because there _will_ be false positives in
any but the most trivial and/or ineffective of spam filtering environments.

- Environments differ - filtering that may be okay for one may not
be acceptable for another.  Hence, purchased anti-spam services are
sometimes highly sub-optimal.


General techniques:

- spam is a behaviour, not a content. You're trying to identify the
sender behaving that way, not the material per-se.

- Blocking on simplistic body word matches, no matter how attractive 
they appear to be do not work effectively in any but the smallest 
environments. Even "fuck" appears in legitimate business email. 
Filtering techniques should attempt to detect only those things that 
ordinary users cannot do inadvertently, and spammers cannot bypass.

- sometimes simplistic content rules work if the rule is "unique" or
"unusual" enough.  FPs must be monitored within your false positive goals.

- header patterns (of spamware), and mail sources (IP ranges and rDNS
names) are generally more effective and less FP-prone than simplistic
content filters.

- Massive spammers are evolving towards "borrowing" innocent third 
parties for final delivery to your server.  Open SMTP relay, open SOCKS 
proxy, open HTTP proxy. It is not practical to test for these in 
real-time. You need to rely on third party blacklists.

- There are many blacklists.  Ranging from hyper-aggressive to totally
ineffective.  From professionally run to maintained out of spite and
hatred. Blacklists should be evaluated for effectiveness rate, FP rate,
and professionalism of maintenance.

- In some cases your policies will conflict with the blacklists, so you
need to be prepared to whitelist sources.

- You need the ability to whitelist on sender, recipient and source.

- Filtered email should be stored for a reasonable time.

- Filtered email should be available for viewing by the end users to
help detect and rectify false positives.

- Non-existant recipient addresses are valuable - you can use them to
detect spammers with little false positive risk (honeypot).

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In <200303072019.h27KJbB7027471@calcite.rhyolite.com> Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> writes:

> > From: "Gary Feldman" <gaf@rtr.com>
> 
> > > There is a difference between the From_ header and the From: header.
> >
> > As suggested in my previous email, I find the use of the term "From_ 
> > header" confusing.  
> 
> Such alarms are valuable because imprecise language often indicates
> imprecise or simply wrong thinking.
> 
> I can't say what the other person meant, but:
> 
>  [ correct explaination deleted ]

Thanks for giving Gary the explanation Vernon, I'm sorry for any
confusion my archaic terminology caused and for exposing my UUCP
roots.  I'll try to use more modern (and accurate) terminology in the
future.  For what is worth, there are still thousands of references to
"from_ header" out there on the net.


The point remains that domain specific DNSBLs are incredibly easy to
implement and to provide some measure of authentication of where mail
claims to be from.  I still have doubts about whether this
authentication will reduce the spam problem.  I have much stronger
doubts about whether adding a new DNS RMX record will be worth the
effort.


For what it is worth, Spamassassin already does some of these kinds of
checks.  There appears to be some better spots to do this kind of
checking in spamassassin than my original 20 line patch used.  I may
try hacking on SA a little more to see if I can get a good, general
patch that others can test.

The nice thing about spamassassin is that no single check will cause a
false positive.  You can check all sorts of headers via a DSDNSBL and
as long as there is some correspondence between "unauthorized" use of
a domain and spam, it can be a useful check.



-wayne



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From: "Jonathan Wilkins" <jwilkins@microsoft.com>
To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>,
        "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
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I agree completely that if you go ahead and give your SMTP
server knowledge of what's happening in your DNS server that
this attack can be thwarted.  However this is bad design.
You're creating a linkage that is unnecessary.  Why not
look for an alternative transport.  Why are you so stuck on
using DNS?

Allowing a mail administrator to state that "only these IP
addresses will send mail for my domain" isn't a horrible idea. 
It is the use of DNS as a transport for this statement that
is the problem.


-----Original Message-----
From: Hallam-Baker, Phillip [mailto:pbaker@verisign.com] 
Sent: Friday, March 07, 2003 1:31 PM
To: Jonathan Wilkins; Chris Lewis
Cc: ietf anti-spam research group

> If an attacker fails when spoofing foo.com they can turn
> around and spoof bar.com.  If that fails too, they can keep
> trying until they manage to get something cached.  

This attack is very easily prevented.

It has only a chance of 1 in 2^16 of succeeding per spoofing
try.

The DNS client can very easily detect attempts at spoofing.
It simply keeps a record of unsolicited DNS responses.

So if the DNS client receives 10 unsolicited responses for 
xyz.com the client simply notes that it is under attack from
a party wanting to spoof that address.

So the probability of success withthat threshold is 1 in 6636.


> You always know where to spoof.  You send the packets at
> the SMTP server, since that's the machine that's going to
> make a request of it's server.  

That is not going to work. The SMTP server knows what the
address of its DNS server is. You may know the destination
address but you don't know the source.

If it is an issue you can secure the DNS client/server 
connection using TSIG.


I do not find this attack to be persuasive. I might have
concerns if we were considering a cryptographic protocol
intended to provide robust confidentiality and integrity.
However for our particular application the perfect is going
to be the enemy of the good.

The IETF has not been particularly good at designing security
protocols. The only two major successes, Kerberos and SSL were
both developed and deployed successfully before being brought
to the IETF. Internally developed security protocols have 
tended to fall victim to requirements bloat leading to
protocols that are too inflexible to deploy.

For example we could have easily provided a usefull degree of
security in SMTP by simply incorporating a certificateless
DH key exchange to secure the connection. That idea was squashed
as there is a man-in-the-middle vulnerability so we have had
NOTHING instead - until people started to use STARTTLS in a
configuration that i actually vulnerable to that same MITM 
attack.


All we have to do to defeat spam is to reduce the probability 
of success to 1 in 100 or so and the spam sender costs are
toast. We have a technology already designed and deploed in
100 million clients that reduces the probability of success
to 1 in 2^128 - S/MIME. Only it is not going to provide a 
solution at current deployment rates.

		Phill 


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> From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>

> ...
> Although it looks like the DCC servers have to collect the IP
> information, they don't have to give it out.  So the potential for
> abuse is limited to the people who run the DCC servers, not to anyone
> who can query them.

That's not an effective response to the privace issues.  As I said,
that reasoning seemed almost ok when it was thought that DCC servers
would be run by one organization.  The current, real life global
network of ~120 DCC servers already involves far more people and
organizations than I think can be trusted.  It's not that any single
DCC server operator is untrustworthy, but that every group of 120 or
more people is untrustworthy.

> ...
> > Please also consider the amount of data you are talking about.  You
> > will probably collect 500 or 1000 bytes per mail message.
>
> No; way less than this.  For a mail message, we collect the body
> checksum, the sending-IP checksum and maybe a few flags indicating
> failed RCPT commands.  At most 60-100 bytes/message.

If I thought you knew how to make a single checksum that is fuzzy
enough to ignore "hashbusters" but not so fuzzy that it has false
positives, I'd ask you in private about it.  I've spent years
thinking about that problem and listening to other people's ideas.
My imperfect current solution involves 3 checksums.  A single naive
checksum would discover no two IP addresses ever send the same
message, except for trivial cases such as some virus warnings,
because its answers would all differ.


> ...
> You're right; the current DCC scheme of flooding breaks down. 

I suspect you don't understand it, because the DCC scheme of flooding
doesn't just break down for what you are talking about; it's irrelevant.
DCC serves database currently run at 100-400 MByte.  The default
non-spam expiration for the cheksums in the databases averages 1.5
days.  At 20 Mmsgs/day, that's 30 Msgs, or 1-4 bytes message.  While
I'm a hopeless, old-school bit-fiddler, I can't cram 3 16-byte MD5
body checksums, flags, pointers, and the rest of the stuff needed for
a database into 1-4 bytes message.

> ...
> Or a more scalable architecture than flooding the database.

While this mailing list is under the auspices of the IRTF, it should
not be used for unsupported wouldn't-it-be-nice-if speculation.
"Running code" often matters even IRTF lists.  I've already said more
than I should have about the practicality what the proposal.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, david@thejamesons.com, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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> > snail mail spammers routinely pay considerably larger sums.  
> > why wouldn't they
> 
> They do so with considerably greater concern for targetting.
> 
> We need to be realistic in our definition of success. Signitificantly
> reducing but not eliminating spam completely is a major success.

it's not clear that this would significantly reduce spam.
it might reduce the number of recipients per mailing, but
increase the number of spammers.
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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 18:27:26 -0500

At 1:08 PM -0800 3/7/03, Nate W wrote:
>Sending spam with a customized address in the "From" header of every
>single outgoing message requires much more bandwidth than the usual relay
>hijack approach of sending a single message with many enevelope
>recipients.  It does happen now, but AFAICT it's unusual, I assume because
>it requires enough bandwidth to get noticed and stopped.  I'm curious
>about this though, if anyone has evidence to the contrary I'm all ears.

I just ran a database query on 22,000 pieces of confirmed spam. They 
came from 18,000 distinct email addresses.  They already have to 
change the from header because they need to avoid filters and 
checksums.  In fact, if I look at the top repeating addresses most of 
them are actually viruses.  The rest are messages from spam-friendly 
bulkmailers (GreatDeals, DailyInbox, ClickForMail...).

Now admittedly, that's on a small user-base and over time.  You'd 
need to talk to someone with a huge real-time database to get an idea 
of how frequently they change the data.

>Having usable addresses posted in mailing list archives strikes me as an
>exceptionally bad idea, though.  It's rather ironic that an anti-spam

I've long since given up worrying about obscuring my email address. 
My experience has been that your address on one web page or having it 
on 4000 does not make much difference in how much spam you get. 
Having it on one just means the spam ramps up a bit more slowly.  I'm 
not going to let spammers get in the way of people communicating with 
me--whether by obscuring my email address or by using challenge 
response systems.

Then again.  Microsoft put my webmaster address on every template 
shipped in one version of FrontPage.  So I'm kind of resigned to 
having my addresses public.  The number of sites that change the text 
of the mailto but not the data is scary.  The number of people who 
click on it and don't notice (or know to edit the address) is even 
more so.

>True, but I doubt that there will be an effective MTA-level solution. 
>The information the MTA has to work with just isn't enough to make a
>reliable decision about consent. (Not to mention the number of MTAs
>controlled or hijacked by spammers.)  We have DNSBLs and the like, and I
>think that's about as far as MTA-only solutions will get.  Adding
>information for the MTA to base the consent decision upon will require
>changing the MUA at one end or the other.

First of all, I think we can go a long way without even thinking 
about consent.  You need to leverage incentive.  Legitimate bulk 
mailers (like ZDNet and those that handle commercial mailings) are 
running scared.  Two many anti-spam solutions are likely to nail 
them.  (Especially the ones that talk about economic models.)  They 
are incented to authenticate, and they'll pay to make it happen.

[Kind of repeating what I said before here, but I'm still trying to 
come up with the clearest version of the process.]

MTAs at ISPs are incented to reduce volume and customer complaints. 
They could use existing systems to identify bulk email, but they'd 
get false positives (mind you, some of them don't care :-).  Combine 
a tool for recognizing bulk email (e.g. DCC) and a tool for 
authorizing bulk mail (pick one) and what we have left are the 
lower-volume spammers.

A solution?  No.  But we've bought ourselves some breathing space.

*Then* we can talk about moving tools into the MUA.  Again, we start 
where the incentive is there.  Nobody likes their domain to be 
forged.  The vast majority of users are at ISPs and enterprises. 
Those domains can implement domain authorization systems similar to 
what we imposed on the bulkmailers.  Who gets burnt in the legit user 
space?  The roadwarriers and the techies, who now have to find a way 
to authorize their out-of-domain email.  But those are the folks who 
will find it with the pain to take advantage of MUA changes, VPNs or 
other techniques.

At that point you've reduced the number of forgeable email addresses 
by (I'm completely guessing here) an order of magnitude.  Now it 
becomes reasonable to start instituting general filters against all 
unauthenticated email, not just unauthenticated bulk email.  And with 
that, the DCC-like portion can be retired from the system.

>  > 2. Over time as companies move to protect their domains (and that is
>>  the incentive--protecting yourself from forgery), they can (or
>>  individuals can) block based on domain or personal authentication
>>  even for non-bulk email.  Note that at this point there is still no
>>  MUA change required unless you are sending email from a location
>>  other than one authorized by your domain.
>
>How does one block email based on sender authentication information
>without adding authentication information to the message with an
>MUA?  Perhaps I misunderstand; please elaborate.

You still make it an MTA decision.  Mind you, that doesn't mean that 
the end user can't make the choice via a configuration option--but 
the blocking is done at the MTA.

>  > What I don't know in that model, is how we deal with malicious ISPs.
>
>I like that model a lot.  Two ideas come to mind for dealing with losers:
>
>Revoke their certificates.  How this is accomplished is left as an
>exercise for the reader.
>
>Require member ISPs to join with a contract stating that they will:
...

Keep in mind that this assumes they have to join something.  It's not 
clear how you persuade (for instance) 163.net to signup for anything. 
Sure, they don't get to block spam with the system, but who's going 
to stop them from sending?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Locked addresses (was Do we need to do anything?
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 17:30:23 -0500

At 3:44 PM -0500 3/7/03, David F. Skoll wrote:
>It's not N-factorial; where did you come up with that?  It's
>N-squared.

Sorry.  Up too late last night.

>  > So now not only am I tied to my ISPs whim for an email address
>>  (mediaone last year, attbi last month, comcast today), I'm also tied
>>  to them because if I go to another ISP I'm unable to send email to
>>  any of my contacts.
>
>No.  When you send mail to your contacts, you'll need to use their
>public challenge-response address to revalidate yourself.
>
>This is a pain, no doubt.  There's no pain-free way to end spam that I
>can see.

True.  But this doesn't come close to ending spam.  All spam ends up 
having to be filtered by a system that tells you which messages in 
your challenge-response queue should be looked at.  Why go to all 
this hassle if you're going to have to filter anyway?  Yes, it's 
easier to filter, yes you can look less often.  On the other hand, 
with all these email addresses, you're going to have a lot more spam 
there.

>  > You've got an interesting protocol problem for initial contacts
>>  between two people.
>
>No, not really.  Like I said, you have an initial challenge-response
>contact address for the first contact.  You need to make the challenge
>easy to solve by a human, but hard for an automated process.

It's more than just challenge response, there's a multi-step process 
going back and forth.  If I send you mail initially with a throw-away 
address then you have't a clue whether "Kee Hinckley" 
<xasdfadf@hotmail.com> is really the person you were talking to at 
the conference yesterday.  So I have to send you email with my 
bizcard address in the from so you recognize it, and then you have to 
reply with your throw-away, and then I need to reply with my 
throw-away.

>  > 6. Finally we can talk.  But only if I use my server. And if I ever
>>  go anywhere else I can no longer communicate with you.
>
>Yes, you can, via dfs-bizcard.

So I actually need to keep *two* addresses in my address book for 
every person, and be careful only to use the correct one?  Or are you 
assuming that the server will remap the To: address as well?  I 
suppose it might as well.

>  > I think having an address book that is so complex that only a server
>  > can manage it is a bad idea.
>
>Lots of people already do that.  LDAP, anyone?

Nope.  LDAP is a static directory.  I can always download it to my 
desktop.  This address book is algorithmically driven.

Look.  From a technical perspective you're proposing something very 
cool with lots of flexibility and neat possibilities.  It's got lots 
of power.  You've even convinced me that it could be done.

But the average user isn't going to understand it at all.  Never mind 
that they don't need any of the side benefits.  There is no incentive 
for creating the infrastructure required for such a system.  It makes 
dealing with new people and new addresses much harder than it 
currently is in email or any other medium.  We've got people hear 
yelling at someone whose challenge response is simply a "reply", but 
you're proposing a complicated back and forth combined with a Turing 
test.

If we want a system to be deployed for end-user use, it's got to pass 
the elevator test.  That's the standard VC test for a concept. 
You've got to be able to explain it to someone during an elevator 
ride.  I don't see that with any system described so far.  That's why 
I'm convinced that the initial solution has to be a simple 
modification to the MTA, with later migration to the MUA. *Static* 
directory services still haven't taken off, I don't think dynamic 
ones are going to have any more success.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Chris Fedde <cfedde@viawest.net>
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Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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>  +------------------
>  | > From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
>  |
>  | > ... The main problem I see is the lack of any way to make senders
>  | > accountable for their actions, and to distinguish responsible
>  | > senders from irresponsible ones.
>  |
>  | exactly. That statement belongs somewhere in the problem statement
>  | that seems to part of the nominal purpose of this mailing list.
>  +------------------
> 
> The main problem with Keith Moore's statement is that it provides no
> insight about what to take action against.

that's the problem with brief statements - if you make the statement
short enough that people will read it, you have to leave out details :)

> It seems like it will be impossible to impose a motivation on the sender 
> without totally changing what we mean when we say email.

I don't think it's quite that bad.  There are lots of ways to motivate
senders to be responsible.  e.g. 

- make the mail tracable and bill them huge amounts for sending abusive
  mail
- make the mail tracable and take their accounts away if they send abusive
  mail
- make the mail tracable and allow potential recipients to learn about
  a sender's reputation - they can handle the mail pessimistically if
  the reputation isn't good enough
- rate-limit outgoing mail

> It might be a resonable strategic position to re-archetect email along
> lines that enable enforcement of sender responsability. But that is not
> a tactical solution available to us in the short term.

depends on what you mean by short term.  but none of this requires changes
to the basic email protocols that are in use.  some of it requires new
protocols that could be used by MTAs and/or mail filters.  but there would
be plently of incentive for say, SpamAssasin to implement those protocols.
 
> As such that Mr Moore's statement belongs in the overview, scope or
> concusion sections of any formal statement of a goals document for
> this group.

that's how it was intended.  I think it's too early to start trying to
nail down solutions.

Keith
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> > a) should minimize spam to some acceptable level
> 
> May I suggest splitting that into two criteria?
> 
> 1) should reduce the network bandwidth consumed by spam (including related
> transmissions such as bounce messages)
> 
> 2) should reduce the number of unwanted messages presented to the end user

yes, I think it's useful to make that distinction.

Keith
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Locked addresses (was Do we need to do anything?
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On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> True.  But this doesn't come close to ending spam.  All spam ends up
> having to be filtered by a system that tells you which messages in
> your challenge-response queue should be looked at.

You don't look at that queue at all.  It's managed automatically; anything
that stays in the queue more than a few days without getting a response
is discarded.

> If I send you mail initially with a throw-away address then you
> have't a clue whether "Kee Hinckley" <xasdfadf@hotmail.com> is
> really the person you were talking to at the conference yesterday.

Sure I do.  I remember you by your name, not your email address.

> So I actually need to keep *two* addresses in my address book for
> every person, and be careful only to use the correct one?

Not necessarily.  If an email comes in for a throwaway address from
the wrong person, it could just issue a challenge.  So the only time
you need to update your address book is if you're changing ISP's.

> But the average user isn't going to understand it at all.

That's the problem.  It has to be implemented in a way that makes
it easy to use.  This is a long-term research group, right? :-)

--
David.

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> On the other hand, I think the odds are low that a spammer can maintain a
> return address that actually functions long enough to reply to a
> significant number of whitelist confirmations. 

so this amounts to yet another heuristic for identifying possible spammers -
if they can't respond to a challenge, they're not stable enough to bother 
with.  not a perfectly reliable indication, but perhaps still useful?

Keith
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 16:51:57 -0700 (MST)

> From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>

> ...
> I don't think it's quite that bad.  There are lots of ways to motivate
> senders to be responsible.  e.g. 
>
> - make the mail tracable and bill them huge amounts for sending abusive
>   mail
> - make the mail tracable and take their accounts away if they send abusive
>   mail
> - make the mail tracable and allow potential recipients to learn about
>   a sender's reputation - they can handle the mail pessimistically if
>   the reputation isn't good enough
> - rate-limit outgoing mail
> ...

Almost all spam is already traceable more than one way.

All spam carries a practically unforgable token pointing to the SMTP
client that is the last hop.  That token is the IP address of the SMTP
client.  That last hop is either the spammer itself, its ISP, or an
open relay or proxy.  Everyone with a box connected to the Internet
is responsible for every IP packet it sends.  It doesn't matter whether
it is a part of a legitimate mail message, part of a DDoS attack, part
of spam, or something else; the responsibility does not vary.  The
appropriate punnishment, if any, might vary.
The IP address of the SMTP client for a lot of high volume spam points
to the spammer, so in many cases, there's no issue about punnishment.

In addition, in almost all cases, spam contains a way to contact the
spammer to buy the goods or services advertised.  That is sufficent
to find and hold accountable most spammers.

The only problem is that ISPs choose to not hold their spamming
customers accountable for more than terminating a $20/month account
after a day of spam or a $500/month account after 3 months of spam.

This responsiblity problem is not technical, and has no technical solution.

Thus, today I doubt that talk about mail tracing and accountability
belongs in the document except to point out that spam is already
traceable but that the parties to whom it is traced are not held
accountable.  ISPs don't hold there spammers accountable, and
society does not hold ISPs accountable.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 16:18:11 -0800 (PST)

On Sat, 8 Mar 2003, Troy Rollo wrote:

> At 13:08 7/03/03 -0800, Nate W wrote:
> >This may be optimistic, but I don't think spammers will adapt to
> >widespread whitelisting.  They'll try, but they'll fail.  Maintaining
> >"Millions" CDs of address pairs (recipient and a whitelisted sender known
> >to work for that recipient) is a big job.
> 
> 1. That's not the only way to adapt to whitelisting.

If you've got a more worrisome idea I'm all ears.  I did read the document
you referenced and did not see anything to be very concerned about.  

Some of the "problems" listed there were not very well thought out.  For
example, the "problem" of establishing initial communication between two
whitelisted individuals, subscribing to mailing lists, etc.  The author
seems to have assumed that non-approved messages are lost forever.

> 2. This ignores the damage done by whitelisting.

Yes, because you snipped the bit that didn't.  I acknowledge (for the Nth
time) that there are costs to whitelisting.  However I believe the cost to
be smaller than the benefit.  Not perfect, but I find it a big
improvement, at least until something better comes along.

-- 

Nate Waddoups
Redmond WA USA
http://www.natew.com


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Date: Sat, 08 Mar 2003 11:28:34 +1100

At 16:18 7/03/03 -0800, Nate W wrote:
>If you've got a more worrisome idea I'm all ears.  I did read the document
>you referenced and did not see anything to be very concerned about.
>
>Some of the "problems" listed there were not very well thought out.  For
>example, the "problem" of establishing initial communication between two
>whitelisted individuals, subscribing to mailing lists, etc.  The author
>seems to have assumed that non-approved messages are lost forever.

As I indicated, that document is a starting point - it doesn't enumerate 
each difficulty through all possible angles to its final conclusion. I 
would suggest that if you think these are not problems, you haven't done so 
either.

--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 16:52:11 -0800 (PST)

On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Keith Moore wrote:

> > On the other hand, I think the odds are low that a spammer can maintain a
> > return address that actually functions long enough to reply to a
> > significant number of whitelist confirmations. 
> 
> so this amounts to yet another heuristic for identifying possible spammers -
> if they can't respond to a challenge, they're not stable enough to bother 
> with.  not a perfectly reliable indication, but perhaps still useful?

That is basically how I viewed this system in the first place, so yeah, I
think it's useful. :-)  

Put another way, there is a pretty high correlation between people I want
to correspond with and people who can and do monitor responses to their
messages.  There is an even higher correlation between people I don't want
to hear from and people who can't or don't monitor the responses to what
they send.  

-- 

Nate Waddoups
Redmond WA USA
http://www.natew.com


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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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> > Although it looks like the DCC servers have to collect the IP
> > information, they don't have to give it out.  So the potential for
> > abuse is limited to the people who run the DCC servers, not to anyone
> > who can query them.

> That's not an effective response to the privace issues.

Well, most of the other proposals on this forum are far more invasive
(witness the argument involving Hadmut and others.)

> The current, real life global
> network of ~120 DCC servers already involves far more people and
> organizations than I think can be trusted.  It's not that any single
> DCC server operator is untrustworthy, but that every group of 120 or
> more people is untrustworthy.

The privacy implications of leaking the fact that IP address x.y.z.w
sent the same message 1,000 times, or had 25 failed RCPT commands, are
not huge.

> > No; way less than this.  For a mail message, we collect the body
> > checksum, the sending-IP checksum and maybe a few flags indicating
> > failed RCPT commands.  At most 60-100 bytes/message.

> If I thought you knew how to make a single checksum that is fuzzy
> enough to ignore "hashbusters" but not so fuzzy that it has false
> positives, I'd ask you in private about it.

I use the following algorithm in CanIt.  It is by no means perfect,
but it's pretty good:

- Ignore the headers
- Read message lines as follows:
  - Delete leading and trailing whitespace
  - Ignore blank lines
  - Ignore MIME part delimiters
  - Skip a line starting "Dear "
  - Collapse multiple spaces into single spaces
  - Stop reading once you have 200 non-ignored lines or reach end of message

- If you have between 10 and 20 lines, ignore the first and last, else
- If you have between 20 and 40 lines, ignore the first and last 3 lines, else
- If you have more than 40 lines, ignore the first and last 4 lines

- Do a SHA1 hash on what's left.

> My imperfect current solution involves 3 checksums.

How are 3 checksums better than one, unless you're checksumming different
parts of the message?

> checksum would discover no two IP addresses ever send the same
> message, except for trivial cases such as some virus warnings,
> because its answers would all differ.

I have hard evidence to the contrary.  See, for example,
http://www.roaringpenguin.com/canit/showincident.php?id=3037

(You may have to authenticate as "demo/demo" and then enter
3037 as the incident ID.)

I have lots more messages like that, and that's just on my server.

--
David.
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> Guiding General Principles: - spam is UBE (unsolicited bulk email)

I don't think we're going to end up with a single uniform definition of spam.

to some, spam is simply unwanted mail.  presumably unwanted implies
unsolicited, but unsolicited does not imply unwanted.

to some, bulk is a necessary condition for spam.  I'm guessing that this is
based on a presumption that bulk mail is necessarily untargeted, or perhaps 
that we only need to be concerned about bulk unwanted mail since that is
the biggest part of the problem.

to some, commercial is a necessary condition for spam.  I'm guessing that this
is based on a desire to not censor non-commercial speech.

to some, spam is entirely a matter of content, not behavior.  to others,
it's exactly the opposite.  to others, it is some of each.

I could see where we might end up with a mechanism by which mail was tagged
according to each of several attributes: whether it was bulk, whether it was
commercial,  whether the sender could be reliably traced, whether the sender
had a good or bad or no reputation, etc.  a recipient's filter (or a filter
acting on consent of a recipient) could then treat different kinds of mail
differently based on the tags, or the absence of such tags.

that way, we wouldn't all have to agree on what spam was.

Keith
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I am receiving every message twice although I only have one email address 
subscribed (I checked on the website to make sure that my other main email 
address wasn't on the list).

Would the appropriate person please check the listserver settings?

Thank you,
David Jameson


___________________________
Dr. David H. Jameson
Founder and CTO, DigiPortal Software Inc.


"Winning isn't everything but losing isn't anything"
                                                                     Irwin Cohen

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From: David Jameson <david@thejamesons.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamps
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Nope - you can use mechanisms that requires a human to be in the loop - 
people have been experimenting with that since 1994 at least. For example, 
generate a graphic that must be typed in or use audio to say a word that 
must be typed in.
David


___________________________
Dr. David H. Jameson
Founder and CTO, DigiPortal Software Inc.


"Winning isn't everything but losing isn't anything"
                                                                     Irwin Cohen

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 21:52:44 -0500
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Kee Hinckley wrote:

> I just ran a database query on 22,000 pieces of confirmed spam. They 
> came from 18,000 distinct email addresses.

Tried a bigger sample.  Out of 1715448 spam _connections_, 659228 unique 
MAIL FROMs.

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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] DCC and IP addresses
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 20:46:33 -0500

At 4:01 PM -0700 3/7/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>  > Although it looks like the DCC servers have to collect the IP
>>  information, they don't have to give it out.  So the potential for
>>  abuse is limited to the people who run the DCC servers, not to anyone
>>  who can query them.
>
>That's not an effective response to the privace issues.  As I said,
>that reasoning seemed almost ok when it was thought that DCC servers
>would be run by one organization.  The current, real life global

So why give you the IP address?  Why not encode it with a one-way 
hash/encryption?  All IP addresses will code the same, but the 
database will have no way to determine what IP addresses were passed.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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References: 
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 <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303071829480.6639@shishi.roaringpenguin.com>
To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Locked addresses (was Do we need to do anything?
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 21:04:04 -0500

At 6:35 PM -0500 3/7/03, David F. Skoll wrote:
>You don't look at that queue at all.  It's managed automatically; anything
>that stays in the queue more than a few days without getting a response
>is discarded.

Ah.  I see.  So the Turing test is a necessary part of it.  Otherwise 
the spammer can simply automate the response and then send the spam. 
But now you've just said that you never check the queue.  So you 
don't get the quick message from someone going on vacation, the 
notification from the library system that your book is overdue, or 
the email from shipping at your favorite book company telling you 
that your book is out of stock.

>  > If I send you mail initially with a throw-away address then you
>>  have't a clue whether "Kee Hinckley" <xasdfadf@hotmail.com> is
>>  really the person you were talking to at the conference yesterday.
>
>Sure I do.  I remember you by your name, not your email address.

But you've just reduced the limited amount of authentication that the 
email system has.  If I tell you my email address is xxx@example.com, 
and you get email from xxx@example.com, you can be pretty sure a 
reply will go to the real me.  If all you know is my name, and you 
get mail from someone claiming to be me  with the address 
xxx@example.com you know only know whether the domain name matches 
what you were expecting.

I'm not saying this is a huge authentication problem as there 
probably aren't a lot of exploits--but it certainly seems like a step 
in the wrong direction.

I suppose you could work around it by using a convention based on the 
real address.  That would make things work a bit better.  (E.g. 
nazgul+12312312@example.com).  Then at least a human could 
reconstruct the original contact address.  Or do you consider that 
too much of an opening for spammers?

Then too, I have a bias towards long term identities.  I'm virtually 
certainly the only person in the world with my name.  Everything I 
say is directly traceable back to me, so I don't say anything online 
that I'm not comfortable having traced back to me, and I assume that 
anyone can contact me.  Now if the Eudora/PGP plugin would come back, 
I'd go back to signing all my messages as well.

>  > But the average user isn't going to understand it at all.
>
>That's the problem.  It has to be implemented in a way that makes
>it easy to use.  This is a long-term research group, right? :-)

Sure.  But I'd rather see all that effort put towards something more 
obviously useful--like authentication.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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To: "Jed Margolin" <jmsml@jmargolin.com>
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 20:41:45 -0500

At 1:49 PM -0800 3/7/03, Jed Margolin wrote:
>Traffic from ISPs who refuse to play by the rules will be refused by the
>Internet Community.
>
>In other words, they will be excommunicated.

I that is demonstrably not true.  The system has gotten too big for 
that, and the need for connectivity too large.  Blacklisting is no 
longer a sufficient threat, and attempts to do so to mixed-use 
providers have resulted in law-suits (witness MAPS).  The entire 
thing is complicated by the subjective nature of spam, and the 
question of when to pull the trigger on an ISP.  Are they spam 
friendly, or just having trouble keeping their system clean?

I've yet to find any blacklist that was reliable.  Even the proxy 
list someone recently posted a URL to here promptly gave us false 
positives--including ones for some people on this list!
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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Keith Moore wrote:
>>Guiding General Principles: - spam is UBE (unsolicited bulk email)

> I don't think we're going to end up with a single uniform definition of spam.

I believe we have to, insofar as we need to limit the scope of what the 
"S" in ASRG means.  Of course, some people will call the nagging email 
from the SO, about forgetting their lunch, spam.  But that's just plain 
wrong.

If we don't limit our scope, we'll just be in an endless rathole.

The thing we're primarily concerned about is that activity/behaviour 
which endangers the future of email.  The behaviour that turned striker 
into a smoking crater.

Sending 1:1 email isn't it. Having a salesman for widgets pick your 
email address out of a mailing list about widgets and suggesting "you 
might be able to solve the problem you asked about by buying our XYZ 
widget" isn't it. Changing your mind about email you explicitly asked 
for isn't it.  Your neighbor's emailed porn from Germany isn't it.

Anti-spam lobby organizations, such as the various branches of CAUCE, 
have, I believe, now all fixated on "UBE" as the spam they're concerned 
about (regardless of the "C" in the name) - I'm a director of CAUCE 
Canada.  "Usenet spam" isn't content.  It's simply "the same thing 
posted many times" [I wrote the consensus standard...]

Perhaps it would be nice to exert effort on a classification system that 
provides more flexibility than a simple UBE definition. But you can 
forget about individuals classifying things properly. And we can forget 
about getting very far.  And if we include that, the pro-spam side, and 
the media will just continue on their merry way "they can't even define it".

Think about most the strategies that people are talking about here. 
Counting bounces correlated to senders. Establishing authorized "sending 
MTAs" for given "from" domains. DCC. Spamtrap analysis.  Bayesian, 
Razor, Brightmail recognizing messages that "look like stuff seen 
before" Etc.  That's _all_ about bulk.

The original direction of defining spam as "UCE" (actually, UBCE) 
derived directly out of a belief that C was easier to legislate given US 
jurisprudence. Thinking has shifted since then, to that believing a 
content-neutral definition of spam is (a) easier to legislate and (b) 
easier to implement (because you don't have to write AI engines to 
recognize whether something is commercial).

You can automate bulk detection a lot easier than commercial detection.

Yes, some people will call commercial email spam.  But why?  Why should 
they care if their neighbor is getting commercial email that they asked for?

Defining the "S" in ASRG as "UBE" helps us focus on solutions that may 
prevent more strikers.  Isn't that what all of us are primarily 
interested in?

Besides, I was hoping that the _rest_ of that original message would 
generate the majority of comments ;-)

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Sat Mar  8 00:42:46 2003
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 22:39:42 -0700 (MST)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> ...
> So why give you the IP address?  Why not encode it with a one-way 
> hash/encryption?  All IP addresses will code the same, but the 
> database will have no way to determine what IP addresses were passed.

One-way hash functions are relevant only when the plaintext is
unknown.  If the bad guy knows the plaintext such as an SMTP sender
or an IP address, then the bad guy can compute the hash.  He can
trivially invert the hash function.

For example, assume the checksum database has records that contain
"cksum(IP address) sent cksum(msg)" and you can somehow guess the
contents of the message and the block 10.1.0.0/16 of addresses. 
Then you can make a few thousand queries of the form "how many messages
with cksum M were sent from the address with with cksum I" to discover
whether that message was sent and if so from which IP address.

The privacy problem is like that of the U.S. Census.  How do you
release some of the Census data without releasing all of it?  For
example, assume the system refuses to answer the question "what was
the household income of the family as 124 Main Street?" but will answer
general queries like "how many families living on the 100 block of
Main St. have at least 2 children and an income of more than $10,000?"
or "how many families on the North side of Main Street and fewer than
3 children have an income of less than $20,000?"  Unless the system lies,
you can trick it blabbing the forbidden answer.  Even if the system lies,
it's hard to be sure it won't blab through a tricky series of questions.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Sat Mar  8 01:15:29 2003
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From: "Will E. Rose" <wrose@attglobal.net>
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Subject: [Asrg]  A technological or legal solution?
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I've been reviewing our charter and the different approaches that have been discussed of late, and I
find
myself increasingly struggling with the question of whether it is possible to achieve a reasonably
effective
solution to the spam problem (even an imperfect one) without changes to the legal system.

We surely want a system where any individual can email any other individual, anywhere in the world,
for
apparently zero cost.  What's to stop that individual from becoming a spammer?

We have to remember that ultimately at the source is a human being.  Someone is DECIDING to spam
you.  The only thing that can truly affect human behaviour is another human.  Time and time again it
has been demonstrated that any technological system, especially a eclectic and complex one, can be
circumvented by determined individuals.  I'm afraid that if we design a purely technological
solution that
has no true power of enforcement on human beings, it will be circumvented, and we'll end up with a
situation not much different than we have now, but after having expended a huge amout of money
and effort.

Can we build a system that will achieve our goals without changes to the legal system?  Should
international commercial email be regulated?  Should there be some sister organization to the
International Telecommunications Union and Universal Postal Union to ensure nations cooperate in
imposing sanctions on illegal spammers?

I'm concerned that if we simply engage in a technological arms race with spammers, it will go on
indefinitely,
until one side collapses under its own weight, after great cost to the other.

I'm not suggesting that we begin a debate on what legal changes are necessary to enforce a
spam-controlled internet, but we need to decide if we're embarking upon a fool's errand.  Our
charter
indicates we should design a technological solution, but does our charter need to be changed to
incorporate recommending legislative changes if it is the consensus that such changes are necessary
to achieve spam control?

---
Will Rose

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
Cc: vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums
Message-ID: <20030308092117.GA3080@danisch.de>
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 10:21:18 +0100

On Fri, Mar 07, 2003 at 06:54:08PM -0500, David F. Skoll wrote:
> 
> I use the following algorithm in CanIt.  It is by no means perfect,
> but it's pretty good:
> 
...
>   - Skip a line starting "Dear "
...
> - Do a SHA1 hash on what's left.


This won't work. 

A significant amount of spam mails I receive slightly differs
for every recipient. E.g. many mails contain the recipients
name, even in lines not starting with "Dear". And several 
mails asking to watch a web page where the URL contains a
hash of the recipient's e-mail address in order to verify that e-mail
address and whether the recipient is willing to read such messages. 
Just that special URL is enough to break your method.

Once your system gets wideley deployed, spammers will start to 
include other random content. Especially in spam messages with 
HTML content it is extremely easy to hide some invisible 
information. Even in plain mail, that's easy. Just print a
random number anywhere. If it should look neat, just have 
something like "Welcome to the porn club, your member number is ####"
I've already received some messages assigning me some silly member
numbers. Maybe these numbers were supposed to spoil any hash
based spam protection.

Since you have to publish the details of your hash algorithm in 
order to deploy it, it's extremely easy for spammers to design
their message such that every single message has a different hash
value.


And, it is a leakage of information:

Let's assume a central server is sending standard messages with 
some kind of secret, e.g. 

  Dear David,

  welcome to this whatever-service, your password is
     12345


or something like

  Dear David,

  your current account balance is
     123.45


I can register to the same service to get the skelleton of the 
message. If I know that you have received a message from the
same IP address with a given hash value I can easily perform 
an exhaustive search through the secret's space to find your
secret.

Hadmut


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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 10:18:52 +0000 (GMT)

On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

> AOL recently got a billion spams in a day. That means that each
> week AOL is getting as much spam as Hormel have ever made.

Rejected a billion spams (using DNS blacklistings). They get significantly 
more. Scary, isn't it?

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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 11:53:07 +0000 (GMT)

On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Chris Lewis wrote:

> Keith Moore wrote:
> >>Spam exists because there is an (almost zero) fixed cost associated with 
> >>sending it out.
> > 
> > 
> > false.  snail mail spam exists despite having significant costs associated
> > with sending it.
> 
> But despite it having been in existance for, what?, 50+ years, the 
> "striker equivalent" isn't getting 1,000,000 snail mail ads a day. Or 
> even at a more normal level, few people are getting, even 5 per day.

Except for Ralsky. He gets an unacceptably high level of snail mail junk 
;-)

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From: John Kodis <kodis@mail630.gsfc.nasa.gov>
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Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 08:32:21 -0500

On Sat, Mar 08, 2003 at 10:18:52AM +0000, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> 
> > AOL recently got a billion spams in a day. That means that each
> > week AOL is getting as much spam as Hormel have ever made.
> 
> Rejected a billion spams (using DNS blacklistings). They get significantly 
> more. Scary, isn't it?

Yup.  Now imagine the situation after the wide-spread deployment of
IPv6 which exacerbates the problem by a factor of about 2^96.

-- 
John Kodis                                    Goddard Space Flight Center
kodis@mail630.gsfc.nasa.gov                      Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
Phone: 301-286-7376                                     Fax: 301-286-1771
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> > AOL recently got a billion spams in a day. That means that each
> > week AOL is getting as much spam as Hormel have ever made.
> 
> Rejected a billion spams (using DNS blacklistings). They get significantly 
> more. Scary, isn't it?

if they were using DNS blacklists, how do they know they were really spam?
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Date: Sat, 08 Mar 2003 08:42:08 -0500
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Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> On Fri, Mar 07, 2003 at 06:54:08PM -0500, David F. Skoll wrote:
> 
>>I use the following algorithm in CanIt.  It is by no means perfect,
>>but it's pretty good:

>>  - Skip a line starting "Dear "

>>- Do a SHA1 hash on what's left.

> This won't work. 

It works for certain classes of spammer. It can be made significantly 
better (eg: stripping HTML tags and comments, stripping 
non-alphanumerics, not only collapsing whitespace, but _removing_ it), 
but it's still trivially bypassable.

Good for the low rent spammers.  Not enough for Ralsky. Not enough for 
some of the ratware out there.

[ie: there are "pay services" which tune your email to get past 
SpamAssassin.  Not necessarily "bad", unless the intent is to spam as 
opposed to minimizing the possibility of interference with legit 
opt-in/confirmed bulk email.]

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Nucleus of a draft BCP on filtering
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Date: Sat, 08 Mar 2003 13:37:50 +0000

> Keith Moore wrote:
> >>Guiding General Principles: - spam is UBE (unsolicited bulk email)
> 
> 
> > I don't think we're going to end up with a single uniform definition of
> spam.
> 
> I believe we have to, insofar as we need to limit the scope of what the 
> "S" in ASRG means.  


Well, no, but I believe we must form a consensus on a
definition of "consent-based communication". 
That's what the RG is chartered for.






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CC: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 5:29 PM -0800 3/5/03, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> 
>> there. He wrote a challenge/response authentication callback
>> loop back in 1992 for the COMLINK mailer that we used to
>> publish the Clinton/Gore '92 (and the other candidates who made
>> it available) campaign litterature on the Internet.
> 
> 
> The other problem with challenge/response systems is that there's a 
> missing link in the interface.
> 
> I go to a web site and purchase something.  They send me an email 
> receipt.  How exactly are they going to automatically get through my 
> challenge response?  And don't say "you should have whitelisted them."  
> J. Random User is not going to do it unless it's as simple as hitting a 
> single button.  Not to mention the question of "whitelist *what*?"  
> Their sales address?  Their support address?  Their domain? And using 
> what authentication system?

problem has been solved with stamps.  I know I'm sounding like a broken record 
(or will very shortly).  The model is if you filter for stamps, then a robot can 
attach a stamp to an auto response and it will get to your inbox.  It's simple, 
it's reliable, and if you make the right stamps, it's not easily exploited by 
spammers.

by using stamps, you will eliminate any need for special white listing, domain 
authentication, complicated dns reverse lookup rules and can be implemented 
quickly and easily without major changes to infrastructure.

---eric


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Troy Rollo wrote:
> 1. That's not the only way to adapt to whitelisting.
> 
> 2. This ignores the damage done by whitelisting.
> 

3. ignores the theft value of white lists

If white lists become widespread, they will become a theft target.  You'll see 
more identity theft as result of white lists.  Happy, happy, Joy, joy

---eric


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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wayne wrote:
> One idea I have heard of to make this kind of system much more useful
> in practice is to run a spam scanner (such as SpamAssassin) on the
> email.  If the email is classified as not-spam, don't send the
> confirmation request.

we are incorporating that feature into camram.  We're doing a slightly 
differently.  We're assuming there is an "unknown" score range in addition to 
the clearly spam/not spam score ranges.  Only the "unknown" scores get postage 
due notices.

---eric

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David Jameson wrote:
> Yes, typically when you buy something online, you KNOW to expect an 
> email response pretty quickly so you can go look in your 'holding pen' 
> for it.

this is atrocious human factors.  The whole point behind an antispam system is 
so that you don't have to look at the stuff.

> However, this problem could be solved completely in the short term if we 
> could get merchants to provide an extra field in the form you fill in. 
> You as a user would add any text or code you like to that field. When 
> the merchant sends you any email, they include the contents of that 
> field in the subject line of their message.
> You then create a single permission rule (either in your spam blocker or 
> indeed in any email client that supports basic filters) that allows 
> anything with that text to come through. Since each user would have a 
> completely different code there, it would be unbreakable by spammers.

again, human factors nightmare.  My mother-in-law (74-year-old lovely person) 
wouldn't be able to cope.  To give you a feel for her level of skill, she uses 
an I-opener Web terminal and is quite comfortable sending e-mail and browsing 
the Web.  She's even getting comfortable google.  In contrast she doesn't know 
how to operate a VCR and is suspicious of remote controls.  Telling her she 
needs to add a special field and have that field found by antispam filter 
whenever she orders something online?  Not bloody likely.

A stamp model simplifies the entire process because it is done without requiring 
any human interaction.

--- eric

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Jon Kyme wrote:

> Well, no, but I believe we must form a consensus on a
> definition of "consent-based communication". 
> That's what the RG is chartered for.

Ie: from the charter:

The definition of spam messages is not clear and is not consistent 
across different individuals or organizations. Therefore, we generalize 
the problem into "consent-based communication". This means that an 
individual or organization should be able to express consent or lack of 
consent for certain communication and have the architecture support 
those desires.

I see that. On the other hand, as Paul's welcome to the list also 
comments, we should consider whether that's too confining.

I agree, being able to express consent and have the architecture support 
those desires is an interesting topic. But, unless you strain the 
definition of consent implementation to the limit (and build automatic 
classifiers, which we're a long way away from), you're faced with 
"merely" a technical infrastructure that implements something that 
spammers will ignore. It only works if the spammer "consent" to telling 
the truth.

Rule #1: spammers lie.

Like voluntary classification systems, if the incentive to get around it 
is enough, they will.  And they do. We have ample demonstration of that. 
Even relatively legitimate operations do things to ensure that their 
message gets through, because of measures we're taking to stop the 
totally spammish are believed by the more legitimate operations to be 
overbroad.

For example, you can consider SpamAssassin to be a consent 
implementation that automatically classifies (coarsely) the emails. 
There are already "services" available to tune your message against 
SpamAssassin - equally attractive to both spammers, and legitimate bulk 
mailers.

Which defeats the purpose of consent systems.

I think that one of the early, yet valuable, things that the ASRG can do 
is level-set the "anti-spam" effort: identify which definition of "spam" 
warrants the efforts (UBE, IMHO), classify existing solutions, make them 
play nice with each other, establish best-current-practises for various 
aspects of spam control - ie: BCPs on how anti-spam gateways should 
behave, BCPs on how DNSBLs should operate (ie: truth in advertising), 
BCPs on how false positives should be handled (ie: rejects, versus 
bouncing, versus silent blackholing), BCPs on privacy concerns of 
distributed bulk detection (hi Vernon! ;-), etc.

BCPs not necessarily as "musts", but guidance to administrators and 
filter designers when they're designing, building, deploying and 
operating stuff.

Through this, we also begin to understand what works better, as well as 
answering the age old question, "is it going to be enough to prevent 
striker meltdown of the entire Internet?" (IMHO, no, just a last ditch 
defence that's ultimately doomed without "help" from non-technical means).


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At 9:07 AM -0500 3/8/03, Eric S. Johansson wrote:
>problem has been solved with stamps.  I know I'm sounding like a 
>broken record (or will very shortly).  The model is if you filter 
>for stamps, then a robot can attach a stamp to an auto response and 
>it will get to your inbox.  It's

1. What is the incentive for a company to add a stamp?  You initiated 
the transaction, and now you are charging them to communicate with 
you about it.  Why won't they just add a disclaimer to the site 
telling you that you should let there stuff through?

2. If they do automatically add a stamp, what keeps me from abusing 
that fact by continuously generating non-paying transactions which 
require responses?

(If you've got an FAQ on these things somewhere, feel free to point me at it.)
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Nucleus of a draft BCP on filtering 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 07 Mar 2003 16:58:24 EST."
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Date: Sat, 08 Mar 2003 05:22:23 -0500

"Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:
> - spam is a behaviour, not a content. You're trying to identify the
> sender behaving that way, not the material per-se.

  One glaring difference in behaviour is volume.  But the net isn't
currently set up to even be *aware* of volume.

  e.g. The "slashdot effect".  DDoS attacks.  Ping floods.

  e.g. The misconfigured open relay which tries to deliver spam 10x
per second, and ignores any reject messages.  The sysadmin of that
machine may not even notice any problem, if he's over-built his
system.

  While DDoS attacks aren't part of this groups charter, they are, in
my opinion, a large part of the spam problem.

  Is the IETF going to decide that traffic/protocol attacks on the
network infrastructure are outside of the scope of technical
solutions?  Are there not existing technical methods which can address
the problem?

  Alan DeKok.
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Kee Hinckley wrote:

 > Even the proxy list
 > someone recently posted a URL to here promptly gave us false
 > positives--including ones for some people on this list!

I suppose I can understand why people have such myopic views of such
things. But one glance at the metrics our tools produce of such things
would make a believer out of just about anyone.

The hugely critical thing is how you handle false positives.  Do you
just sigh, and say "blacklists are STUPID!!!" and turn them off, or do
you take a broader view and get the open proxy fixed? It's not as if a
given FP is something you can't do something about.

A FP or two?  So what?  If you're doing it right, the worst that happens
is that the email is delayed a bit.

For example, there are class Bs in Brazil that have 500 IPs pumping
email at us, and a simple combination of, say, BOPM and Monkeys lists
over 95% of them.  The _accuracy_ of BOPM's and Monkey's listings is
easily seen - virtually every one of those IPs is pumping 10 (or a
hundred or even a thousand) times as much email into our spamtraps as
they manage to address to real users. We're talking hundreds or
_thousands_ of daily spamtrap hits.

The well run proxy lists are fiendishly accurate - at the time the test
was done, they _were_ open, and in almost every case, pumping only spam,
no legit email (remember, that most open proxies are things like default
open AnalogX proxies on ADSL lines that were never intended to send any
email in the first place).

But, of course, this leaves a hole - the blacklists often don't get
realtime notification of closure, and won't know to delist.  This is
clearly MUCH more pronounced in less well known/used blacklists[*].

Consider this, then, if _every_ mail system made use of open proxy
blacklists, and every mail system utilized a reasonably sane method of
back-notifying legit senders from these IPs of the blacklisting. [Hence,
for example, my posting of points for a BCP on filtering.]

Result?  Senders get their systems fixed ASAP, and things get delisted
in a timely fashion.  The FPs have been resolved.  Virtually no harm
done. The only ones left open are the ones not sending any legit email,
just spam.  Better accuracy.  Fewer spam sources.

I'd almost suggest that the ASRG propose a BCP that at least recommends
that MTAs reject email from promiscuous proxies. I can't think of a
faster way to get them all fixed and take a pretty substantial bite out
of our current spam loads.  At least it may prompt the developer of
AnalogX to _finally_ make the thing default to non-promiscuous - I've
tried, no joy.

[*] we run a combination of DNSBLs in addition to other filtering
techniques.  We also have a well developed procedure for being notified
of false positives and pushing fixes, retests and delistings.  When we
introduced these blacklists, we had an initial flurry of FPs as
small-time senders encountered a system using blacklists for the first
time. We forward the blocked email, queue the retests, and help the
sender get their problem fixed and delisted - if it's still open. One of
the most compelling results was that the highest FP ratio (FPs per IP
listed) was that of an open relay blacklist that only two systems on the
planet use (ours and the BL maintainer.  We're big.  The BL owner is
about 600 times larger.).  Its accuracy  is obviously directly dependent
on the number of MTAs that actually use it.

You know what?  At first, we routinely saw 5-10 FPs per day (repeat
after me: forward the email, send the sender boilerplate of why it was
blocked, queue the retests, help the sender get the problem fixed.  No
harm done).  We're now averaging about 2/day.  Soon, we'll be seeing a
few per week.  Each being handled the same way - no harm done.

Our users are paranoid about losing email.  Our company _relies_ on
email for business purposes.


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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 15:53:46 +0000 (GMT)

On Sat, 8 Mar 2003, John Kodis wrote:

> On Sat, Mar 08, 2003 at 10:18:52AM +0000, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> > On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> > 
> > > AOL recently got a billion spams in a day. That means that each
> > > week AOL is getting as much spam as Hormel have ever made.
> > 
> > Rejected a billion spams (using DNS blacklistings). They get significantly 
> > more. Scary, isn't it?
> 
> Yup.  Now imagine the situation after the wide-spread deployment of
> IPv6 which exacerbates the problem by a factor of about 2^96.

Why does that increase the problem? IPv6 doesn't mean the number of open 
relays/proxies or spammers increases, does it?

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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 15:56:09 +0000 (GMT)

On Sat, 8 Mar 2003, Chris Lewis wrote:

> [ie: there are "pay services" which tune your email to get past 
> SpamAssassin.  Not necessarily "bad", unless the intent is to spam as 
> opposed to minimizing the possibility of interference with legit 
> opt-in/confirmed bulk email.]

SpamAssassin 2.50 includes a bayesian component. Thus all SpamAssassin 
installations are different, rendering this sort of service pretty much 
useless once people upgrade. We recognised the above as a major problem, 
so we fixed it.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Let's try something different
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 16:00:52 +0000 (GMT)

On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> At 1:49 PM -0800 3/7/03, Jed Margolin wrote:
> >Traffic from ISPs who refuse to play by the rules will be refused by the
> >Internet Community.
> >
> >In other words, they will be excommunicated.
> 
> I that is demonstrably not true.  The system has gotten too big for 
> that, and the need for connectivity too large.  Blacklisting is no 
> longer a sufficient threat, and attempts to do so to mixed-use 
> providers have resulted in law-suits (witness MAPS).  The entire 
> thing is complicated by the subjective nature of spam, and the 
> question of when to pull the trigger on an ISP.  Are they spam 
> friendly, or just having trouble keeping their system clean?
> 
> I've yet to find any blacklist that was reliable.  Even the proxy 
> list someone recently posted a URL to here promptly gave us false 
> positives--including ones for some people on this list!

The SBL seems very sane and very reliable. The removal mechanism is swift 
and responsive, and they seem to achieve action not by threat, but by 
communication.

I'd like to see more DNSBLs run like the SBL.

Matt.

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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 08:54:03 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Eric S. Johansson" <esj@harvee.org>

> ...
> > I go to a web site and purchase something.  They send me an email 
> > receipt.  How exactly are they going to automatically get through my 
> > challenge response?  ...

>problem has been solved with stamps.  I know I'm sounding like a broken record 
> (or will very shortly).  The model is if you filter for stamps, then a robot can 
>attach a stamp to an auto response and it will get to your inbox. ...

No, that is not a solution, because it is based on the engineering of
wishful thinking.  So is absolutely any other idea related to the
Internet that begins with "Install X at most Internet X" when X is a
kind of hardware or software operated by 1,000 or more people.

Anything that requires actions by 1000 people or 0.01% of the relvant
population, whichever is smaller, before it is useful will probably
never happen and certainly cannot be relied on.

Unless the first few dozen individuals who install your proposed change
benefit significantly, there will never be another few dozen individuals
who install it.  People do not do things unless they see some real
benefit from it or progress toward their goals.

Charging for email is an exceptionally hopeless idea, because it starts
with "first a large minority of users install email stamp software
and buy stamps."  Until at least 10,000,000 people regularly stamp
their messages and require stamps on incoming mail, stamps are only
overhead that will merely cause legitimate mail to be lost.

If the next XP automatic update installed the necessary software, you
would still not have critical mass.  You would still need to convince
the first 10,000,000 to buy e-stamps.  Until all of your correspondents
had bought e-stamps, your own roll of e-stamps would be useless.  Your
friends would see how little you got out of the exercise, and somehow
never get around to buying their own rolls of e-stamps...or signing up
with Verisign for a PKI email non-spamming identity or any other
proposal that starts "first you get everyone to ..."

When do you think the IESG would install e-stamp software on all of
the IETF WG mailing list systems?  Before you answer, note that most
of the spam I suffer comes from IETF lists because their operators
refuse to install minimal spam filtering such as rejecting mail entirely
in Asian character sets.


Look at history:

 - PayPal looks like it could survive, because the first people who used
    it got some good out of it.  If you need to pay or receive $10,
    rendezvousing on a PayPal account is easier than sending a check.

 - the WWW took off because HTML was somewhat useful for the first
    users as a mark-up language and a very few individuals at enough
    big outfits (e.g. CERN) pushed it as a network thing that it
    was immediately useful to others at those big outfits and eventually
    outside.

 - Paul Vixie's RBL took off because the first people who used it
    it benefited.  It was similar for all other well known blacklists
    and non-distributed filters.

 - the DCC took off and will survive as long as new versions of the
    checksums stay ahead of the spammers, because the handful of
    outfits that first tried the DCC had enough mail traffic to exceed
    its required critical mass and so got some spam filtered that
    would otherwise have been delivered.

On the the other side, the dot-com boom and bust is filled with ideas
that went "first we'll get lots of users, and then those users will
find it useful and we'll get more users." Look at the history of
"micropayments."  That idea is quite similar to e-stamps, and was a
dud.  If you don't remember microspayments see
http://www.openp2p.com/pub/a/p2p/2000/12/19/micropayments.html

In the real world, if the first "early adopter" users don't find it
useful (whatever it is), you will never have a second batch of users,
and the early adopters will soon drop it.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Chris Lewis wrote:
> Eeek!  I don't want to read 50,000 spams per day!

not to mention that it is a horrible human factors problem.  You want to keep 
users out of the spam trap because the whole point of antispam filter is to keep 
you from seeing spam.

> False positives have a very simple solution.  Treat it as the first step 
> in a "do something else to get this thru".  Just like confirming a 
> mailing list subscription with per-transaction keywords.  Or, "click 
> here" to get it through.

classic challenge response systems have a serious problem if the center of the 
message is a robot.  For example, you purchase something on the net, you get an 
invoice from a robot confirming the order and the robot is given a challenge 
message.  You never see the invoice and never will unless you go to your spam 
trap and root around in all the garbage.

As have pointed out elsewhere on the list, I believe a more reasonable solution 
will be a combination of postage stamp plus white list plus spam filter as 
discriminator.  If mail doesn't have a postage stamp, it is passed to the 
discriminator which evaluates the message as spam/unknown/good mail.  Only 
unknown messages are given a postage due or challenge response.  You minimize 
false positives and minimize challenge messages outbound to reduce potential 
annoyance of challenge/postage due messages.

I'm almost done with some reference code on the receive filter.  I'm hoping to 
finish the discriminator integration this weekend.

> If your filters are good, the FP rate is low.  Our false positive 
> handling address averages less than 5 per day.

unfortunately, that's a moving target.  Spam is an economic problem with 
biological characteristics.  Filters create evolutionary pressures and I'm 
noticing spam is evolving to be more and more indistinguishable from real mail. 
  The end result is an increasing false positive rate because the difference 
between good and bad mail will get smaller and smaller.

I believe that most of the techniques people have outlined on this list will 
send us down the same rathole as the virus/antivirus community.  Evolutionary 
pressures creating change which requires yet another revision of the software or 
techniques.  It's a great revenue stream for the anti-<blah> manufacturers but 
it's hell for everyone else.

This is why I believe that we need to hit the spammers in the pocketbook through 
technical solutions.  From what I see, tools like connection grabbers, postage 
stamps, and legitimizing narrow forms of e-mail marketing will have a far 
greater impact than anything proposed so far.

it's a fundamental axiom of animal training that rewarding good behavior 
extremely quickly produces much more rapid change than punishing.  See: "don't 
shoot the dog" by Karen Pryor.  If we can give a legitimate outlet for e-mail 
advertising, a lot of the incentive to spam will be reduced.  Those that remain 
can be punished through negative reinforcement techniques like connection 
grabbing and postage stamps.

---eric

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Alan DeKok wrote:
> "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:
> 
>>- spam is a behaviour, not a content. You're trying to identify the
>>sender behaving that way, not the material per-se.

>   One glaring difference in behaviour is volume.  But the net isn't
> currently set up to even be *aware* of volume.

That leads to an interesting question: can we extend the lower layers of 
the Internet protocols (eg: at TCP/IP) to allow someone to specify and 
enforce rate limiting in such a way as to seriously affect spam?

Unfortunately, I think not.  Consider striker - that's a broad-source 
attack.  Any one of the IPs spamming striker has less volume than some 
of our legitimate senders. Anyone disagree?

>   Is the IETF going to decide that traffic/protocol attacks on the
> network infrastructure are outside of the scope of technical
> solutions?

I think there's going to have to be.  As door locks are a good technical 
solution for certain classes of undesirable behaviour, you need ot 
resort to legislation and police enforcement to even begin to get a 
handle on the overall problem.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 08:59:44 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Eric S. Johansson" <esj@harvee.org>

> ...
> how to operate a VCR and is suspicious of remote controls.  Telling her she 
> needs to add a special field and have that field found by antispam filter 
> whenever she orders something online?  Not bloody likely.
>
>A stamp model simplifies the entire process because it is done
> without requiring any human interaction.

The first part of that is right, but the second part is wrong.  You
require her to sign up for stamps, to agree to require them on her
incoming bulk-looking mail.  That won't happen.  She can see the
benefit of using email and google, but the benefit of receiving somewhat
less spam is too theoretical.  When you tell her that signing up will
block a lot of spam, but not all, she unconsciously think you're
exaggerating and never get around to it.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 16:18:54 +0000 (GMT)

On Sat, 8 Mar 2003, Chris Lewis wrote:

> Consider this, then, if _every_ mail system made use of open proxy
> blacklists, and every mail system utilized a reasonably sane method of
> back-notifying legit senders from these IPs of the blacklisting. [Hence,
> for example, my posting of points for a BCP on filtering.]
> 
> Result?  Senders get their systems fixed ASAP, and things get delisted
> in a timely fashion.  The FPs have been resolved.  Virtually no harm
> done. The only ones left open are the ones not sending any legit email,
> just spam.  Better accuracy.  Fewer spam sources.

I like DNS blacklists, I really do. I think they're the right thing to do 
most of the time, when they are sane lists. My one big problem with them 
is bounce messages - they suck. We need a friendlier bounce message system 
than "MAILER-DAEMON" messages so my mum can understand why her email 
didn't get through.

Matt.

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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 09:20:19 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>

> ...
> >   One glaring difference in behaviour is volume.  But the net isn't
> > currently set up to even be *aware* of volume.

What about things like the DCC?  The fundamental purpose and idea of
the DCC is to measure the volume of mail messages.

> That leads to an interesting question: can we extend the lower layers of 
> the Internet protocols (eg: at TCP/IP) to allow someone to specify and 
> enforce rate limiting in such a way as to seriously affect spam?
>
> Unfortunately, I think not.  Consider striker - that's a broad-source 
> attack.  Any one of the IPs spamming striker has less volume than some 
> of our legitimate senders. Anyone disagree?

The lower layers have since practically the beginning been set up to
measure rates and some ISPs have since the 1980's been set u to "specify
and enforce rate limiting."  Recall the rates that said "buy a T1 and
pay for a 56K unless and until you use more."

You also said "in such a way as to seriously affect spam".  The fact
that all email including spam is a small part of the total bandwidth
used kills the idea of doing much about spam by counting raw bits.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
References: <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A30146D11D@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> <p06000952ba8c6ecd3f73@[192.168.1.104]> <3E69F90C.804@harvee.org> <p06000911ba8fb5dfe7b5@[192.168.1.104]>
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Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 9:07 AM -0500 3/8/03, Eric S. Johansson wrote:
> 
>> problem has been solved with stamps.  I know I'm sounding like a 
>> broken record (or will very shortly).  The model is if you filter for 
>> stamps, then a robot can attach a stamp to an auto response and it 
>> will get to your inbox.  It's
> 
> 
> 1. What is the incentive for a company to add a stamp?  You initiated 
> the transaction, and now you are charging them to communicate with you 
> about it.  Why won't they just add a disclaimer to the site telling you 
> that you should let there stuff through?

good question.  here are two answers that I usually give.  Which works for you?

1) the incentive is to make sure their messages delivered.  In the physical 
world, if I call them up on the telephone and order a catalog, they have an 
incentive to add postage to make sure I get but I asked for otherwise they risk 
me taking my business elsewhere.  so, why should not be the same electronically.

2) increasingly, antispam filters are taking out legitimate communications from 
businesses.  The use of a stamp would allow them to bypass the filters without 
requiring the recipient to do anything special (i.e. white list, filter exception).


> 
> 2. If they do automatically add a stamp, what keeps me from abusing that 
> fact by continuously generating non-paying transactions which require 
> responses?

this is a serious risk factor before near full adoption.  In a nutshell, the 
business would need to be careful about how many messages it was prodded into 
generating for a given address.  There would need to be some logic put into the 
robot to say "hey!  I have received over X messages in the past Y hours from 
this user.  Time to get a human".

another variant of this would be to create a denial service attack by forging 
from address so simple logic like the above wouldn't work.  A third variant 
would be to have a robot hammering on the Web site generating message requests 
to random destination addresses.

I accepted this is a weak spot but I believe it can be solved.  Using techniques 
such as address probes (i.e. does this domain/user exist) and rate analysis 
(normal vs. abnormal levels of traffic) can help minimize the impact.

There are some other solutions I'm thinking about but they aren't well enough 
formed for public disclosure.

> (If you've got an FAQ on these things somewhere, feel free to point me 
> at it.)

unfortunately, not yet.  have you read http://harvee.billerica.ma.us/camram/ 
yet?  I want to do an faq in a wiki but I need a wiki for the camram site and I 
haven't had the cycles to set it up.

---eric

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Good versus bad (was Re: RMX Records )
References: <E18qYxr-0003gl-00@mail.nitros9.org> <3E665320.1030004@americasm01.nt.com> <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303051455280.4869@shishi.roaringpenguin.com>
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David F. Skoll wrote:
 > On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Chris Lewis wrote:

 >>Alan knows of what he speaks.
 >>See http://striker.ottawa.on.ca

 > I have a hard time believing that's typical, except for large
 > companies and ISP's.

Nobody's suggesting it's typical.  It's just where we're all headed if
we don't put on the brakes.

There are plenty of reports of in-the-ballpark-comparable experiences
with much smaller organizations.

Striker is, admittedly, a far out case, where it looks like a single
spammer malfunction has led to a continuous and unstoppable DDOS.

On the other hand, our spamtrap metrics are what a, say,
long-existing[+] 100,000[*] user company looks like after 18+ months of
turning off the deliverability of the domain. Imagine if it was an ISP
with considerably higher turnover and similarly long life.  100,000
users is a _small_ provider in comparison to moderate to large ISPs...
AOL blocks three and a half orders of magnitude more spam than our
spamtrap represents...

[*] for reasons I won't go into here, what was a 10,000 employee company
probably looked like a 100,000-seat ISP on the Internet in terms of
proliferation of email addresses.  Thank god we got rid of that mess.

[+] long-existing?  Consider: the domain behind that spamtrap was in the
game early enough to get a class A with no questions asked.


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Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
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Eric S. Johansson wrote:

 >> False positives have a very simple solution.  Treat it as the first
 >> step in a "do something else to get this thru".  Just like confirming
 >> a mailing list subscription with per-transaction keywords.  Or, "click
 >> here" to get it through.

 > classic challenge response systems have a serious problem if the center
 > of the message is a robot.  For example, you purchase something on the
 > net, you get an invoice from a robot confirming the order and the robot
 > is given a challenge message.  You never see the invoice and never will
 > unless you go to your spam trap and root around in all the garbage.

Who said anything about "you" (the recipient)?

Let's say that you purchase something on the web, the robot generates
the invoice, and the robot sees a challenge (or a reject).

What would intelligent engineering of a system that deals with money
suggest?  What would due diligence suggest in the face of the user
typing their email address wrong? Or the recipient mail server being
offline for a bit too long?

Email isn't 100% reliable, entirely aside from spam filtering misfires.
Properly designed systems (ie: those ones that don't get sued for
negligence in handling financial transactions) make allowances for them.

That's right, the reject gets dropped in someone's mailbox on the
sending side, and a human being figures out what to do.  Or something
analogous.

It works.  We get FP reports regarding robots, mailing lists, "trial
software registration systems" and the like all the time.

The "robot" factor is not an issue with properly designed systems. If
they're not properly designed to handle ordinary exceptions, I'd suggest
that doing business with them at all is a bad idea, entirely aside from
whether they can get thru your spam filters.

 > it's a fundamental axiom of animal training that rewarding good behavior
 > extremely quickly produces much more rapid change than punishing.  See:
 > "don't shoot the dog" by Karen Pryor.  If we can give a legitimate
 > outlet for e-mail advertising, a lot of the incentive to spam will be
 > reduced.  Those that remain can be punished through negative
 > reinforcement techniques like connection grabbing and postage stamps.

This only works when having the dog behave good is the desirable
outcome. I would suggest that, with Stubberfield [*] for example, the
only desirable outcome is an "ex-dog" in Monty Python terminology ;-).

The only way to make Ralsky "behave" is to _promise_ to deliver what he
sends.  Do we really want that?  I don't think so.

[*] Stubberfield is the unstoppable spammer of "teenage girl with horse"
sex videos - seems to relish spamming children with this crap. Or,
consider the guy who spams animated gifs of dogs and um, you know.


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Matt Sergeant wrote:

> I like DNS blacklists, I really do. I think they're the right thing to do 
> most of the time, when they are sane lists. My one big problem with them 
> is bounce messages - they suck. We need a friendlier bounce message system 
> than "MAILER-DAEMON" messages so my mum can understand why her email 
> didn't get through.

This is in fact the biggest problem in handling FPs - making the return 
email legible enough so that the user understands what it means.

Our rejection messages are pretty explicit: "this email was blocked by 
our spam filters. If you believe this to be in error, please forward 
this message, including session ID, to <whitelistedaddress>, sessionID: 
123244.4444"

Three problems:

1) A few MTAs manage not to show these messages to the sender AT ALL. 
They just get a generic "it didn't work".

2) Many MTAs bury these strings so deep in bafflegab about NDRs/X.400 
gunk and other sillyness (like listing each MX and retry in 
excrutiatingly useless detail), that it's very easy to miss the message.

3) Language.

Here's an idea: extend RFC2821 to mandate a series of response codes 
that MTAs can interpret and display to the senders.

Eg, some sort of SMTP policy return error:

55x <RFC2821 extended code> <policyflag> <how to get it fixed>


Ie:

554 a.b.c NOUBE MAIL fp_handling@foo.bar

or:

554 a.b.c NOUBE URL http://ourblacklist.foo.bar/lookup?ip=A.A.A.A

or:

554 a.b.c SENDERPAYS POSTAGE http://postoffice.bar.foop/?session=<magic 
cookie>

Then the sending MTA has a chance to generate a much more intelligible 
reject - ie: couch it in the user's own language, etc.

If we can push to make FPs less painful, then filtering becomes more 
palatable with less collateral damage.

If this is standardized in an RFC, you could use it right away (it could 
often be explanatory enough without any MTA support on the sender's 
side) and MTAs fully understanding the return codes will get more common 
with time.

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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Nucleus of a draft BCP on filtering 
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Date: Sat, 08 Mar 2003 07:08:26 -0500

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> > >   One glaring difference in behaviour is volume.  But the net isn't
> > > currently set up to even be *aware* of volume.
> 
> What about things like the DCC?  The fundamental purpose and idea of
> the DCC is to measure the volume of mail messages.

  That's great, but most of the net isn't running DCC.

  And notwithstanding my opinions about filters, if most of the net
*did* run something like DCC, we probably wouldn't be in this mess.

> The lower layers have since practically the beginning been set up to
> measure rates and some ISPs have since the 1980's been set u to "specify
> and enforce rate limiting."  Recall the rates that said "buy a T1 and
> pay for a 56K unless and until you use more."

  That's raw bandwidth, which isn't a good measure of network attacks,
or of end-user consent to being hammered by that bandwidth.

> You also said "in such a way as to seriously affect spam".  The fact
> that all email including spam is a small part of the total bandwidth
> used kills the idea of doing much about spam by counting raw bits.

  If you assume that you can't distinguish email from any other
traffic, then yes.  But I don't think that assumption is true.

  Alan DeKok.




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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Subject: [Asrg] Why content filters are inacceptable
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 18:18:42 +0100
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One of the principles to stop spam discussed so far are
content filters, i. e. filtes which basically ignore the 
SMTP connection and the header, and focus on the body of the 
message (and maybe the Subject header line). 

I'd like to point out why such systems are inacceptable and
a severe threat to privacy and freedom of speech.

To do so, let me distinguish between two fundamental types of 
such filters: Those which need to reveal any kind of information about 
the message to be analyzed (e.g. the full message or just a 
hash value) to a third party, and those which don't (but download 
some kind of pattern set from a third party). 


The first kind (those revealing some information):

   The basic principle is to ask a third party "is this message 
   known to be spam?". As discussed, this question will not include
   the full message, but only some kind of hash value. If that third
   party has seen the full message before, it immediately knows that
   the party sending the request has received that particular message. 
   Even if the third party doesn't know the message text, it can
   easily see which persons do receive the same e-mail, and therefore
   can build a database of relations between persons, exactly as secret
   services use to do to undermine privacy. That's the way it works
   even in the most democratic countries (USA: such databases are
   known to exist for decades, and meanwhile there's a "total
   information awareness" program. Germany: Could be used for the
   "Raster- or Zielfahndung".)

   If posession of a mail could in any way compromise you, you can't
   deny to have received the message since your request with that
   specific hash sum was recorded. 

   So once a government observes any kind of a politically unwanted
   message, it can immediately list all those people who have
   received that particular message simply by doing a database lookup. 

   I do refuse to sacrifice all my privacy and to feed Big Brother.

   Ironically, as I pointed out in an earlier message, this kind of
   system fails to block spam, because once such systems become 
   widely spread, spammers will individualize their messages to 
   defeat the hash mechanism, and many of today's spam messages
   already are individualized.




The second kind (not revealing any information):

   In contrast to the first kind, these systems need to 
   "learn" what's an undesired message. If you do not want them to 
   train yourself - and that's unreasonable for most users - they 
   need to download some kind of "knowledge" from an external third
   party, usually a set of patterns. 

   Thus, a third party is controlling which messages make the way into
   my mailbox, and which don't. After all, that's the idea. 

   Except for the intention, there is absolutely no difference 
   - and especially not a technical difference - between this and
   a censorship machinery. 

   Any kind of organisation - whether government, your own secret
   service, a hostile secret service, Scientology, large monopolistic
   companies, intellectual property/patent warriors - could spoof spam
   alerts or even fake spam in order to perform a denial of service
   attack by poisoning the pattern set and thus getting all messages
   matching those patterns filtered. This is not phantasy. A similar
   effect is well known from newsgroups, where unwanted messages were 
   removed by faked cancel messages.

   Since those patterns will not just match a particular message,
   but a wide range of messages - e.g. "money transfer from africa", 
   "penis enlargement devices" - blocking virtually every message
   about a certain subject can easily be achieved. 

   This is the perfect invitation for abuse. Since 9/11, there are 
   severe efforts to enforce political correctness and to impact the 
   freedom of speech. Even in Germany, a few politicians try to 
   block websites (Bezirksregierung Düsseldorf). Their credo is: 
   "If blocking is possible, then we'll do it." Building up such a 
   pattern distribution infrastructures provides the ultimate and
   perfect tool to perform the same filtering on e-mails. If they do
   it with web pages, they won't hesitate to do the very same with
   e-mail. Once there is a third party able to control which mails 
   are passed through, they will order them to block unwanted messages 
   exactly the same way as they currently order providers to block web
   sites. 

   I do refuse to open the door for Big Brother and to sacrifice my
   freedom of speech.

   And by the way, not every message from a girl asking me to have 
   wild sex with her is spam. I don't accept that any third party
   could be able to block all my e-mails matching the "wild sex"
   pattern. Especially not if Big Brother's government is deprecating 
   wild sex for religious reasons. 


   Ironically again, this kind of system is also unable to block spam.
   Why? Have a look at a mechanism of exactly the same kind we already
   use for years: Virus/Worm filters. These filters always fail to
   block the first distribution, because of the recognition and
   pattern update delay. These pattern based content filters block the
   redistribution only. In contrast to viruses and worms, spam doesn't
   have a redistribution step. Spam is distributed only once. So how
   could such a pattern filter, which requires adaption for getting
   effective, ever be effective against a one-time-shot attack like
   spam?

   Adaptive pattern based content filters are effective against 
   contents bound to a longer time interval or redistribution, such as 
   viruses or free speech. They are not effective against contents
   distributed through one-time-shots, such as spam.


A problem applying to both kinds:

   Even if we are far away from having a widely deployed 
   public key infrastructure, we should take care to not slam that
   door closed. A content based spam filter would defeat the success
   of a common PKI. Why? 

   Imagine there were content based spam filters working effectively. 
   Imagine there would also be a widely spread PKI and it would 
   be common to make people's public key publicly available. 

   What would the next generation spammers do? Obviously, they would 
   collect e-mail addresses _and_ public keys, and encrypt their spam,
   thus rendering the content filters ineffective. People would tend
   to not distribute their public key or to not having one at all. 
   Thus, content filters make it even more difficult to establish a
   common PKI.  



I am very convinced about the fact, that any content filtering system 
does not effectively block spam, but is a severe threat to fundamental 
human and constitutional rights, such as privacy and freedom of
speech. While a government would never be able to establish such a 
surveillance and censorship infrastructure for political reasons,
spam-fighters are ready to establish it. (And some of them even claim
to defend the constitution.)

If even democratic countries do abuse any method to block unwanted
contents, what would those contries do which's governments not even
claim to be democratic and to care about human rights?

Imagine what a Senator McCarthy could have done with such a tool. 
Imagine how such a tool would fit in a patriot act III. 
Imagine what a Saddam could do with such a tool. 

I am already scared if I imagine what the Bezirksregierung Düsseldorf
could do with such a tool.



Hadmut


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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Let's try something different
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 10:27:04 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>

> ...
> Our rejection messages are pretty explicit: "this email was blocked by 

> ...
> Three problems:
>
> 1) A few MTAs manage not to show these messages to the sender AT ALL. 
> They just get a generic "it didn't work".
>
> 2) Many MTAs bury these strings so deep in bafflegab about NDRs/X.400 
> gunk and other sillyness (like listing each MX and retry in 
> excrutiatingly useless detail), that it's very easy to miss the message.
>
> 3) Language.
>
> Here's an idea: extend RFC2821 to mandate a series of response codes 
> that MTAs can interpret and display to the senders.
> Eg, some sort of SMTP policy return error:
> 55x <RFC2821 extended code> <policyflag> <how to get it fixed>
> ...

That does nothing at all for your first two problems.  It also does
nothing for the third problem without a whole other system that does
not exist on all platforms and that in any case would require a lot
of new code in MTAs.  That other system is required to translate the
extended codes into "localized" natural language.  (Never mind that
the local language of the MTA doing the translating might be Spanish
while the language of the person using the MUA that finally sees the
bounce that might be delivered via a third MTA could be Finnish.)

However, the fact that fancy response codes wouldn't help your three
problems is not the worst.  Worse is that it is yet another solution
that depends on deploying extended policyflag decoding software in
10,000,000 MTAs.

But wait, there's still more.  In 35 years I've been in the software
trade, I've seen a lot of "error code" systems.  *ALL* of them are
the same at the end.  Sometimes the translation from a number (e.g.
"ABEND 1234" or "killed signal 10") to a string (e.g. "bad pointer")
is automatic and sometimes is manually finding the number in a list of
numbers and strings.  In either case, you get a general message that
is meaningless except to the high priests of the system.

The best and only working solution is to do as SMTP does.  That is to
include numbers that some software might but probably won't understand
as well as English for humans.  The English can be tailored for special
cases such as including a telephone number.  In special cases it can
be a language other than English.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Joe St Sauver <JOE@OREGON.UOREGON.EDU>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Let's try something different
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Date: Sat, 08 Mar 2003 09:28:51 -0800 (PST)

Chris said:

#Consider this, then, if _every_ mail system made use of open proxy
#blacklists, and every mail system utilized a reasonably sane method of
#back-notifying legit senders from these IPs of the blacklisting. [Hence,
#for example, my posting of points for a BCP on filtering.]
#
#Result?  Senders get their systems fixed ASAP, and things get delisted
#in a timely fashion.  The FPs have been resolved.  Virtually no harm
#done. The only ones left open are the ones not sending any legit email,
#just spam.  Better accuracy.  Fewer spam sources.

This is precisely what's needed, and much like the stategy that the IRC
folks adopted, except that they tend to take it a step further: rather
than just checking existing open proxy lists, they actively scan connecting
hosts for common open proxy ports at connect time, and feed positive hits
back to the blacklist.

But regardless of whether you simply consult an existing list, or actively
check each connecting host at connection time, I agree that this is a key 
step.

Regards,

Joe
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 12:29:34 -0500 (EST)

On Sat, 8 Mar 2003, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> This won't work.

I know it won't.  As I wrote before, ANY checksum scheme can be defeated.

--
David.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Nucleus of a draft BCP on filtering
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Vernon Schryver wrote:
>From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
>>Alan wrote:
>>>  One glaring difference in behaviour is volume.  But the net isn't
>>>currently set up to even be *aware* of volume.

> What about things like the DCC?  The fundamental purpose and idea of
> the DCC is to measure the volume of mail messages.

What about things like the DCC?

No, seriously, I think it's instructive to look at the experience with 
Usenet spam, because it's "farther along the learning curve".  There are 
fundamental differences, which I'll get into in a moment, but much of 
what I'm going to talk about mirrors the experience with email exactly - 
only more so.

And with all due respect, DCC isn't ubiquitous enough to really warrant 
much specific attention from the ratware authors.

In the beginning, there were rate detectors, such as the one I operated 
starting in 1994 which simply detected the same From: appearing in over 
X postings in Y minutes.

Human being checks, yup, it's the same stuff, take remedial action.  Few 
false detections, never FPs.

That worked well for quite a while (a couple of years). Never automated 
that tool to take remedial action on its own - because there _were_ FPs.

Then spammers got smart, and started minimally mutating from lines and 
subjects, yet, the bodies tended to remain pretty similar.

Then we started doing things like matching NNTP-Posting-Hosts (sound 
like the peerIP versus bounce rate proposal perhaps? ;-)

Then, Usenet's "DCC" came on the scene, in the guise of something called 
Cosmo Roadkill.  CR does virtually the same thing that DCC does - 
computes MD5 checksums of dehashed article bodies.  Only difference 
being there was only one of them - it wasn't distributed, but it didn't 
need to be because of the nature of Usenet.

My detector quickly became obsolete.  CR did a vastly better job. 
Overnight CR outstripped my stuff by an order of magnitude.  All 
unattended. No FPs.  So, I essentially switched roles to the small 
amount of stuff CR didn't handle.

Then came crackerbuster emulators, such as Hipcrime/NewsAgent, the 
pheromone spammer and such like.  Hashbusting galore.  As much as 
hundreds of lines of random words or sentences specifically designed to 
screw around with "volume detectors".  You should have seen some of the 
gyrations the manual filter designers went through to cope.  (ie: 
extremely complicated regexp analysis of message-id headers looking for 
artifacts in random number generators)

The changes were dramatic.  One day, I was it.  Next day CR was it.  A 
little while later, CR's effectiveness dropped to 20%, and Usenet 
anti-spam relied on (and still does) a small number of singularly 
_stubborn_ people eyeballing what was going on - which became less and 
less useful because Hipcrime was also attacking the "curative measures" 
themselves.

Not only were there hash busting, there were people searching for open 
NNTP relays (open smtp relays anyone?).  Later open proxies (Hipcrime 
may well have pioneered the technology that's now used to do open 
socks/http proxying - Hipcrime had his roots in writing some moderately 
ineffectual (by today's standards) email spamming tools). "Fake" ISPs. 
The works.

So after 10 years, where is the Usenet now?  Well, luckily, not bad (in 
the mainstream groups).  Is that because of the effectiveness of the 
tools?  For a time it was.  But now even the tools don't work that 
effectively for a variety of reasons.  The tools were a stopgap. 
Nowadays, most ISPs capable of running Usenet in a serious fashion have 
learned how to secure their systems, so abuse is much harder, and a lot 
more people see every incident.

That's the difference: Usenet is a broadcast medium, and people making 
bad on it are a lot more obvious.  The tools bought time.

But, rogues still occur (see David Ritz's proposed UDP of Telstra).

The main reason why I say this is, like CR, DCC will have a distinct 
lifetime during which it's useful.

Ask yourself, how well would DCC fair if someone with the experience of 
you or I started writing ratware with what we know?  The thought is 
appalling.

> The lower layers have since practically the beginning been set up to
> measure rates and some ISPs have since the 1980's been set u to "specify
> and enforce rate limiting."  Recall the rates that said "buy a T1 and
> pay for a 56K unless and until you use more."

IIRC, that wasn't so much a factor of detecting the rates, but simply 
not installing a full set of line cards.  At least that is what it was 
with our partial T3. That would be hard to automate ;-)

> You also said "in such a way as to seriously affect spam".  The fact
> that all email including spam is a small part of the total bandwidth
> used kills the idea of doing much about spam by counting raw bits.

Not even striker can much, even with 99.9999% of their bandwidth being 
connection attempt rejects...

That's what I thought (and said).  I'm hoping someone will prove the 
both of us wrong.  But I'm not holding my breath.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Pushing consent upstream (was Re: [Asrg] Nucleus of a draft BCP on filtering )
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sat, 08 Mar 2003 10:57:52 EST."
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Date: Sat, 08 Mar 2003 07:32:51 -0500

"Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:
> >   One glaring difference in behaviour is volume.  But the net isn't
> > currently set up to even be *aware* of volume.
> 
> That leads to an interesting question: can we extend the lower layers of 
> the Internet protocols (eg: at TCP/IP) to allow someone to specify and 
> enforce rate limiting in such a way as to seriously affect spam?

  Current QoS methods may address this issue.  Do you really consent
to accepting more SMTP traffic than your MTA's can handle?

> Unfortunately, I think not.  Consider striker - that's a broad-source 
> attack.  Any one of the IPs spamming striker has less volume than some 
> of our legitimate senders. Anyone disagree?

  No, but that's not quite on-point.  I didn't consent to having 100
TCP SYN's per second sent to my MTA.  Even those syn's wouldn't be
much of a problem if I could inform my upstream provider that I do not
consent to that traffic.  But I can't.


  Look at it as a problem of the network not being aware of consent.
If there was a mechanism available for consent to flow back in the
network, that would result in back-pressure on the originator.  Near
the recipient, consent is easy to administer, because most people
consent to most traffic.  As we get closer in the network to the
sender, consent becomes more difficult to administer, because the
entire net is informing the sender of their non-consent.

  There's no problem with "who created the consent", either.  Someone
3 hops away from me doesn't know, or care, that I didn't consent to
some traffic.  But I have a consent relationship with my upstream hop,
to not send me traffic.  He can accept it from his upstream provider
and then not send it to me, or he can tell his upstream provider that
he doesn't consent to that traffic.  Either way, I don't care.  I
don't get the traffic.

  But notice the consent model: When my upstream provider tells his
provider he doesn't consent to the traffic, it's NOT my consent any
more.  It's his.  So there's no problem with tracking consent across
multiple hops.  Each hop already has a mutual business, technical,
and trust relationship which can be leveraged to administer consent.


  The end result is that if someone sends you traffic you indicated
non-consent for, it's incentive to stop talking to them at all.

  If a site hosts someone who gets non-consent from the everyone on
net, then they may decide that administering that consent is more
expensive than the money they get from that client.  If they *don't*
administer that consent, then everyone else cuts them off.

  The Usenet Death Penalty has been proven to work.  But it requires
administrator input, and isn't automated.

  For people who say that administering consent (most likely
implemented in the form of massive ACL's) is difficult, remember that
this is a *research* group.  Even with that, solutions exist today
which can do packet filtering at multi gigabit rates, with 10's of
1000's of ACL's.  It's not trivial, but it shouldn't prevent us from
examining consent enforcement in the network.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Nucleus of a draft BCP on filtering
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 10:46:22 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>

> > > >   One glaring difference in behaviour is volume.  But the net isn't
> > > > currently set up to even be *aware* of volume.
> > 
> > What about things like the DCC?  The fundamental purpose and idea of
> > the DCC is to measure the volume of mail messages.
>
>   That's great, but most of the net isn't running DCC.

It's great for the fraction of the net that is running the DCC.  Even more
true than Brad Templeton's observations that spam solutions should not be
100% perfect is the fact that a significant part of the net will never
want or use good spam defenses, not to mention any particular defense.

>   And notwithstanding my opinions about filters, if most of the net
> *did* run something like DCC, we probably wouldn't be in this mess.

Maybe so or not.  As others have said, should the DCC or something
similar become seriously popular instead of merely entirely usefully
popular, spammers would pay more attention and more work would be
needed to stay ahead of them.


> ...
> > You also said "in such a way as to seriously affect spam".  The fact
> > that all email including spam is a small part of the total bandwidth
> > used kills the idea of doing much about spam by counting raw bits.
>
>   If you assume that you can't distinguish email from any other
> traffic, then yes.  But I don't think that assumption is true.

You can distinguish most mail from HTTP or other traffic by looking
at TCP headers (exceptions include VPNs), but that's not useful.  You
need to distinguish spam.  It's not exactly true that "one glaring
difference in [spam] behaviour is volume."  Sending 100,000 mail
messages/day is not necessarily spam or otherwise bad.  It's not even
remarkable for at least 1000's and probably 10,000's of entirely
reputable, very "anti-spam' outfits.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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In-Reply-To:  <3E69FCC0.8050400@americasm01.nt.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Nucleus of a draft BCP on filtering
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From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "Chris Lewis"  <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
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Date: Sat, 08 Mar 2003 17:47:35 +0000

> 
> Ie: from the charter:
> 
> The definition of spam messages is not clear and is not consistent 
> across different individuals or organizations. Therefore, we generalize 
> the problem into "consent-based communication". This means that an 
> individual or organization should be able to express consent or lack of 
> consent for certain communication and have the architecture support 
> those desires.
>

The charter for the RG is online :-)

 
> On the other hand, as Paul's welcome to the list also 
> comments, we should consider whether that's too confining.
> 
> I agree, being able to express consent and have the architecture support 
> those desires is an interesting topic. But, unless you strain the 
> definition of consent implementation to the limit (and build automatic 
> classifiers, which we're a long way away from), you're faced with 
> "merely" a technical infrastructure that implements something that 
> spammers will ignore. It only works if the spammer "consent" to telling 
> the truth.
> 
> Rule #1: spammers lie.
>

Indubitably. Of course the content (while deceiving some automatic
classifiers) can't. Which is why so many people favour these approaches.

However, either "consenting-ness" is only considered proximal to the
receiver (in the receivers MUA?) or it's propogated back toward the sender
in the transport chain. In the latter case some means of representing and
publicising "consent" is *required*
and so considerations of what consent is, what entities give and and seek
it, are not just "interesting" but merely acedemic exercises, but (I guess)
key to the definition of a framework which can utilise whatever particular
technology we might individually espouse.



> 
> I think that one of the early, yet valuable, things that the ASRG can do 
> is level-set the "anti-spam" effort: identify which definition of "spam" 
> warrants the efforts (UBE, IMHO), classify existing solutions, make them 
> play nice with each other, establish best-current-practises for various 
> aspects of spam control - ie: BCPs on how anti-spam gateways should 
> behave, BCPs on how DNSBLs should operate (ie: truth in advertising), 
> BCPs on how false positives should be handled (ie: rejects, versus 
> bouncing, versus silent blackholing), BCPs on privacy concerns of 
> distributed bulk detection (hi Vernon! ;-), etc.

Yes, absolutely, for which a taxonomy / theory of "spam" and "spam
reduction" technologies is *required" or this push will become a morass of
narrowly empirical, anecdotal and disjoint initiatives.
 




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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Nucleus of a draft BCP on filtering
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> From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>

> ...
> So after 10 years, where is the Usenet now?  Well, luckily, not bad (in 
> the mainstream groups).  Is that because of the effectiveness of the 
> tools?  For a time it was.  But now even the tools don't work that 
> effectively for a variety of reasons.  The tools were a stopgap. 
> Nowadays, most ISPs capable of running Usenet in a serious fashion have 
> learned how to secure their systems, so abuse is much harder, and a lot 
> more people see every incident.

> ...
> The main reason why I say this is, like CR, DCC will have a distinct 
> lifetime during which it's useful.
>
> Ask yourself, how well would DCC fair if someone with the experience of 
> you or I started writing ratware with what we know?  The thought is 
> appalling.
> ...

I see much the same, but from a different, perhaps optimistic angle.
Since I resumed email spam checksumming with the DCC, I've said that
the DCC is targeted against "mainsleaze" or junk such as the Dell
newsletters that have been rattling my traps.  I'm counting on the
cottage spammers being controlled by governments.  If my predictions
(not proposals!) about what Congress and the DMA will do come true
in time, then defenses like the DCC and even other defenses like
SpamAssassin and so called Bayesian filters will be remain effective.
I'm predicting that the genuinely professional advertisers will move
to save email advertising with fees or taxes, including capping the
spam per victim rate at about 1 dozen interesting commercial messages/day.
The professionals will not deign or even want to do things like hire
the anti-SpamAssassin groomers.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Vernon Schryver wrote:
>>From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>

>>Our rejection messages are pretty explicit: "this email was blocked by 

>>Three problems:

>>1) A few MTAs manage not to show these messages to the sender AT ALL. 
>>They just get a generic "it didn't work".

>>2) Many MTAs bury these strings so deep in bafflegab about NDRs/X.400 
>>gunk and other sillyness (like listing each MX and retry in 
>>excrutiatingly useless detail), that it's very easy to miss the message.

>>3) Language.

>>Here's an idea: extend RFC2821 to mandate a series of response codes 
>>that MTAs can interpret and display to the senders.
>>Eg, some sort of SMTP policy return error:
>>55x <RFC2821 extended code> <policyflag> <how to get it fixed>

> That does nothing at all for your first two problems.  It also does
> nothing for the third problem without a whole other system that does
> not exist on all platforms and that in any case would require a lot
> of new code in MTAs.

You missed one of guiding principles.  That the extended return 
convention be specifically designed to be human readable, and at the 
same time easy to machine parse.

Our experience has been that even when the person receiving our bounce 
doesn't understand english prose, there's enough hints in it that they 
can usually react properly.  Abuse desks in China often don't understand 
a word of english.  But a forwarded email with the word "spam" in the 
subject is pretty obvious...

As is our experience - I get a significant fraction of FP reports with 
non-english text, or even non-8-bit character sets. I still manage to 
figure out what the problem is and fix it.  Even if they don't 
understand my reply.

With a standard convention for doing this, even people who don't 
recognize english meanings at all can learn (from their friends if 
necessary) how to react since it'd be consistent across bounces from all 
systems generating the conventions.

In essence, with zero MTA support, the situation is no worse than it is 
now.  It provides for extended functionality when it becomes available. 
  Because it would.  Not having it doesn't cripple email or cause more 
bounces (as trying to deploy a stamp/signature system would).  Having a 
compliant MTA simply makes it easier to decipher the bounces you'd get 
anyways.  A painless deployment, and trivial/no brainer to implement for 
the next iteration of MTAs.

MTA bounce "presentation" has always been an overlooked area. It's time 
that someone paid a little attention to it and did some useful things - 
at least at a BCP level.

> That other system is required to translate the
> extended codes into "localized" natural language.

Perhaps I shouldn't have phrased it that way.  It'd be _more_ than 
adequate to simply generate text consistent with the language that the 
MTA is already configured to generate (ie: all of our reported FPs that 
contain MTA bounce notices in French.  Or Arabic.  Or even in unicode). 
  Leave true "sender language" generation for those willing to go that 
extra mile with their "Language-Preference" headers and other gunk. Nice 
feature, but not required.

> However, the fact that fancy response codes wouldn't help your three
> problems is not the worst.  Worse is that it is yet another solution
> that depends on deploying extended policyflag decoding software in
> 10,000,000 MTAs.

Doesn't require that at all.  I could do it _now_ with our mailers 
without anyone anywhere parsing the results, and it'd still work fine.

100% backwards compatible.

> But wait, there's still more.  In 35 years I've been in the software
> trade, I've seen a lot of "error code" systems.  *ALL* of them are
> the same at the end.  Sometimes the translation from a number (e.g.
> "ABEND 1234" or "killed signal 10") to a string (e.g. "bad pointer")
> is automatic and sometimes is manually finding the number in a list of
> numbers and strings.  In either case, you get a general message that
> is meaningless except to the high priests of the system.

But it doesn't need to be.  All it is is a protocol "escape" to 
something with more power to explain exactly what happened.

If you got:

550 x.y.z NOSPAM http://foo.bar.blat?reason=XYZ

I don't expect or even want the user to be able to instantly say 
"ohmygosh my proxy is open!", and go off and try to "fix" something - 
anything.

All I want is the user to click on the link (or cut-and-paste it into a 
browser).

Or, if it says:

550 x.y.z NOSPAM FORWARDBOUNCE mailto:spamhandler@mydomain.org?subject=XYZ

simply send email to the address.

The idea is to get the user to "call" something that can do a much 
better job of explaining what's going on, using routine, every-day, 
current web (or human beings behind a mailbox etc) practise.

> The best and only working solution is to do as SMTP does.  That is to
> include numbers that some software might but probably won't understand
> as well as English for humans.  The English can be tailored for special
> cases such as including a telephone number.  In special cases it can
> be a language other than English.

This is "doing as SMTP does".  It's simply providing an additional 
machine-readable convention for better interpretation of the message the 
rejecting MTA is trying to communicate in an ordinary SMTP response 
code.  It's a lot easier for the sending MTA than the rejecting MTA to 
get closer to a language other than english - it's already configured 
that way.  But it ain't hard to make the convention human readable. 
There's less than a dozen different meanings you're trying to convey anyway.

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At 10:38 AM -0500 3/8/03, Chris Lewis wrote:
>The hugely critical thing is how you handle false positives.  Do you
>just sigh, and say "blacklists are STUPID!!!" and turn them off, or do
>you take a broader view and get the open proxy fixed? It's not as if a
>given FP is something you can't do something about.

I used to spend time tracking down that kind of thing.  The volume 
exceeded what I could deal with years ago.  But more critically, now 
that I'm running a service, I simply cannot afford it.  Do the math 
on what someone pays to have their email spam-free, and then compare 
that to the amount of time it takes to track down and complain about 
proxies.  No can do.  I'd far rather spend my time here trying to fix 
the problem for once and for all than run around sticking my fingers 
in dikes.  You can afford to do it for two reasons.  One, you're 
relatively large.  Two, your salary isn't being paid *just* by spam 
filtering income--you're subsidized.

>A FP or two?  So what?  If you're doing it right, the worst that happens
>is that the email is delayed a bit.

This is a common misconception.  "False positives aren't a problem, 
they just go into a queue that people can check."  Technically, it's 
true.  Practically, it doesn't work.

I've got bad news for you.  People don't check the queues.  Oh sure, 
our technical users do.  They understand fuzzy matching, they know 
that this kind of technology isn't 100% reliable.  Our non-technical 
users don't, and furthermore, when they do look at them, they delete 
them without scanning them all.  The longer they use the system, the 
less carefully they check.  And the problem gets worse.  The better 
your filtering gets, the less likely the user is to scan the queue. 
In other words, the lower the false positive rate, the more likely 
the end user is to delete the false positive without seeing it.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 10:29:47 -0800

> by using stamps, you will eliminate any need for special 
> white listing, domain 
> authentication, complicated dns reverse lookup rules and can 
> be implemented 
> quickly and easily without major changes to infrastructure.

Changing from a model in which email is free to one where there 
is a per message charge *IS* a major change to the infrastructure.

This is like saying that its a long way to go down the street
to the convenience store so lets climb Mount Everest instead.


Instead of taking infrastructure change as an impossible task
lets look at the reasons why.


The IETF has not shown much ability to achieve major infrastructure
changes in the past. When I first started attending IETFs ten years
ago the three big problems were deploying security for DNS, deploying
security for IP and transitioning from the 32 bit address space. To
date none of those transitions have been achieved. IPSEC is the only
protocol of the three that is widely deployed and used - but it is
only addressing the VPN space which is not what it was designed for.

There have been infrastructure changes that have taken place, they are
all incremental changes on existing specifications.

I think that the main reason that the DNSSEC, IPSEC and IPv6 have 
failled thus far is because the people writing the specs have not
put the effort into convincing the vendor community to deploy. A
lot of people have the idea that you get a spec through the IETF
and then everyone implements it. Well it never worked like that
ever.

To get people to implement XKMS I started by working with Microsoft, 
webMethods and two major banks. We approached our competitors for
support when we started the W3C working group. We are still working
with vendors getting XKMS built into products - with some success 
but we are far from finished.

Changing the infrastructure is not impossible, we just need to go
about it in the right way. Make sure that we co-opt the major ISPs
and software providers as part of the solution.

Another problem with the IPSEC/DNSEC/IPv6 deployment is that the
IETF proposals were overly complex and either proposed too late 
to meet market needs or the market did not see a need for them.

I think that all of these problems are completely fixable. I do
not believe that moving from a free mail system to a pay per
message system is viable.

		Phill
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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>,
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From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Let's try something different
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 13:29:34 -0500

At 13:20 -0500 3/8/03, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>I've got bad news for you.  People don't check the queues.  Oh sure, 
>our technical users do.  They understand fuzzy matching, they know 
>that this kind of technology isn't 100% reliable.  Our non-technical 
>users don't, and furthermore, when they do look at them, they delete 
>them without scanning them all.  The longer they use the system, the 
>less carefully they check.  And the problem gets worse.  The better 
>your filtering gets, the less likely the user is to scan the queue. 
>In other words, the lower the false positive rate, the more likely 
>the end user is to delete the false positive without seeing it.

I would like to add that scanning such a queue for errors becomes 
increasingly more _difficult_ and error-prone as the accuracy goes 
up... it's not entirely the user's fault when one "good" message is 
obscured in a field of hundreds of bad ones.
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Nucleus of a draft BCP on filtering 
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 10:29:47 -0800

>   Is the IETF going to decide that traffic/protocol attacks on the
> network infrastructure are outside of the scope of technical
> solutions?  Are there not existing technical methods which can address
> the problem?

If the IETF is to make such a decision better it be done now so we can
go to another forum which will address technical solutions. We can start
an OASIS working group in 7 days.

It would be best if we can avoid unnecessarily fracturing the standards
making process for the Internet.

Don't underestimate the pressure this is creating in the ISP community.


	Phill
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Subject: re: [Asrg] Why content filters are inacceptable
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 13:35:22 -0500

I don't have anything to add to this, except to say I agree.

Mostly, I wanted to mention that it was snagged and filed away by a 
content filter on my server and never reached my in-box :) How many 
others never saw the message? (the snip below is truncated before the 
appearance of the troublesome words)

- jim



>From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
>To: asrg@ietf.org
>Message-ID: <20030308171841.GA9148@danisch.de>
>Subject: [Asrg] Why content filters are inacceptable
>Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 18:18:42 +0100
>
>One of the principles to stop spam discussed so far are
>content filters, i. e. filtes which basically ignore the
>SMTP connection and the header, and focus on the body of the
>message (and maybe the Subject header line).
>
>I'd like to point out why such systems are inacceptable and
>a severe threat to privacy and freedom of speech.
>
>To do so, let me distinguish between two fundamental types of
>such filters: Those which need to reveal any kind of information about
>the message to be analyzed (e.g. the full message or just a
>hash value) to a third party, and those which don't (but download
>some kind of pattern set from a third party).
>
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From: David Jameson <david@thejamesons.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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In theory I agree with you completely - but our customers don't have any 
problem with it. In particular, you only have to look for the few moments 
after you complete a purchase online and are EXPECTING an email - no 
different than going to the post office to pick up a package rather than 
waiting for it to be delivered.

>this is atrocious human factors.  The whole point behind an antispam 
>system is so that you don't have to look at the stuff.


Understood - and the solution here would be to automate it, which of course 
requires some cooperation between all vendors.

>again, human factors nightmare.  My mother-in-law (74-year-old lovely 
>person) wouldn't be able to cope.  To give you a feel for her level of 
>skill, she uses an I-opener Web terminal and is quite comfortable sending 
>e-mail and browsing the Web.  She's even getting comfortable google.  In 
>contrast she doesn't know how to operate a VCR and is suspicious of remote 
>controls.  Telling her she needs to add a special field and have that 
>field found by antispam filter whenever she orders something online?  Not 
>bloody likely.


I agree with this too - I'm convinced that this is the long term solution.

>A stamp model simplifies the entire process because it is done without 
>requiring any human interaction.
>
>--- eric

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "Eric S. Johansson" <esj@harvee.org>,
        Kee Hinckley
	 <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Cc: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 10:40:14 -0800

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> 1) the incentive is to make sure their messages delivered.  

> 2) increasingly, antispam filters are taking out legitimate 
> communications from 
> businesses.  The use of a stamp would allow them to bypass 
> the filters without 
> requiring the recipient to do anything special (i.e. white 
> list, filter exception).

[I don't see the distinction between these arguments]

The same argument holds for authentication based approaches that
do not involve a per message charge.

If C|Net has a certificate that proves that they sent an outgoing 
message their subscribers know it came from them and is not spam.


This mail has an S/MIME signature, you can tell it came from me.


		Phill

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 11:05:09 -0800

> had bought e-stamps, your own roll of e-stamps would be useless.  Your
> friends would see how little you got out of the exercise, and somehow
> never get around to buying their own rolls of e-stamps...or signing up
> with Verisign for a PKI email non-spamming identity or any other
> proposal that starts "first you get everyone to ..."

Now that is an idea!

Actually there are people who would pay $500 or so for such a certificate
but they are big volume senders. The problem would then be to persuade the
spam filter writers to take note of the certificate. The cash value to the 
buyer would be getting legitimate email through spam filters.

I dont think that there is a market for a cert that costs 0.01 cent per 
message. C|Net sends out a billion emails a year so they would end up
paying us $100,000 a year. Possible... To do anything about spam the cost 
would have to be 1 cent or so, I don't see C|Net doing that.

If I thought microsopayments would be viable I would be pushing them. 
Guess who bought the Cybercash assets? 


Obligatory IP disclosure - certain uses of this technology may be covered
by IP owned by VeriSign or by others. This message does not grant any 
rights to use this technology.


		Phill

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Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 10:38 AM -0500 3/8/03, Chris Lewis wrote:
> 
>> The hugely critical thing is how you handle false positives.  Do you
>> just sigh, and say "blacklists are STUPID!!!" and turn them off, or do
>> you take a broader view and get the open proxy fixed? It's not as if a
>> given FP is something you can't do something about.

> I used to spend time tracking down that kind of thing.  The volume 
> exceeded what I could deal with years ago.  But more critically, now 
> that I'm running a service, I simply cannot afford it.  Do the math on 
> what someone pays to have their email spam-free, and then compare that 
> to the amount of time it takes to track down and complain about 
> proxies.  No can do.

Simple.  Do what we do. We blacklist the open proxies, and let the 
people who hit the blacklist (if any do) report it. We provide pretty 
boilerplate responses for the sender to give to their provider. That's 
much easier than trying to figure out what the responsible email address 
corresponding to the IP of a given open proxy. By definition, the user 
hitting the blacklist will have a better idea of who to contact.

>> A FP or two?  So what?  If you're doing it right, the worst that happens
>> is that the email is delayed a bit.

> This is a common misconception.  "False positives aren't a problem, they 
> just go into a queue that people can check."  Technically, it's true.  
> Practically, it doesn't work.

I think you missed a step.  The sender sees the reject, and reports the 
FP as instructed in the reject.

> I've got bad news for you.  People don't check the queues.

Pardon my french: Like hell I don't!

In case you missed it, I'm the FP handler for the entire company.  When 
I say 5-10 FPs per day, that's for ALL email coming into the 50,000 seat 
company (a bad day at that, and that's including FPs not due to blacklists)

I process the queue.  There's too many people watching (CC'd on the FP 
handling address, many capable themselves of handling most FPs if I'm 
not around) for me not to.

[FP handling takes me about 15 minutes/day - for the whole company.  I'm 
in the midst of handing over the "problem resolver" tool over to 
operations, so I won't even have to do that anymore.]

So, let's say you don't want to funnel your FP reports into a 
FP-handling service, or you're worried that too FPs doesn't get reported 
by the sender.  Simple, do what Brightmail does (and we're currently 
trialing something similar).  Send each user, according to whatever 
schedule they may choose, a single email containing dates, froms and 
subject lines of mail that's been filtered. Give them the opportunity 
(via a link to your quarantine server) to view or discard the blocked 
emails.  Or even provide a mechanism for selecting automatic forward 
(ie: based on from) without having to adjust the front-end server-wide 
filtering.

Simply by scanning the email they get, they can decide not to bother 
checking, or, see something that perhaps shouldn't have been blocked, 
and go get it.

Then no user has a plausible excuse for missing anything - nothing to 
"remember" to check.  It's in their face, just as if the email got 
through in the first place.

Even moderately high levels of FPs (1-10%) are truly irrelevant if you 
handle them properly.

Full deployment of our spamviewer facility will permit the filters to 
become far more draconian than they are now.

Don't say it doesn't work.  It does.  We've been doing it for >5 years 
already, and nobody's shot me yet ;-)

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To: "Eric S. Johansson" <esj@harvee.org>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
Cc: Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 14:23:51 -0500

At 10:53 AM -0500 3/8/03, Eric S. Johansson wrote:
>classic challenge response systems have a serious problem if the 
>center of the message is a robot.  For example, you purchase 
>something on the net, you get

They also have another problem I haven't seen addressed.  People are 
talking about Turing-test type challenges to prove you are human.  So 
far all the ones I've seen proposed require that you can see.  They 
will not pass federal requirements in the U.S. as they currently 
stand.  And if they get widely deployed outside of the federal arena 
you are certain to see accessibility lawsuits.  Solveable perhaps by 
including both visual and audio prompts, but someone should start 
thinking about it now.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: "Eric S. Johansson" <esj@harvee.org>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
Cc: "Eric S. Johansson" <esj@harvee.org>,
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 14:20:51 -0500

At 11:28 AM -0500 3/8/03, Eric S. Johansson wrote:
>1) the incentive is to make sure their messages delivered.  In the 
>physical world, if I call them up on the telephone and order a 
>catalog, they have an incentive to add postage to make sure I get 
>but I asked for otherwise they risk me taking my business elsewhere. 
>so, why should not be the same electronically.

That incentive does not exist until a significant percentage of 
systems block non-stamped email.  Until then the only person 
suffering is the one who installed a non-stamp-blocking system, not 
the vendor.

>2) increasingly, antispam filters are taking out legitimate 
>communications from businesses.  The use of a stamp would allow them 
>to bypass the filters without requiring the recipient to do anything 
>special (i.e. white list, filter exception).

This logic works better.  But of course any standard authorization 
mechanism can provide this benefit, not just stamps.

>>2. If they do automatically add a stamp, what keeps me from abusing 
>>that fact by continuously generating non-paying transactions which 
>>require responses?
>
>this is a serious risk factor before near full adoption.  In a 
>nutshell, the business would need to be careful about how many 
>messages it was prodded into generating for a given address.  There 
>would need to be some logic put into the robot to say "hey!  I have 
>received over X messages in the past Y hours from this user.  Time 
>to get a human".

I can register a new domain for $10.  I can receive all email sent to 
that domain, and create a new one every day.  Now if you aren't going 
to give me a cut of the stamp price, then maybe I don't have a big 
incentive.  But if you are then you have a fraud problem.

>I accepted this is a weak spot but I believe it can be solved. 
>Using techniques such as address probes (i.e. does this domain/user 
>exist) and rate analysis (normal vs. abnormal levels of traffic) can 
>help minimize the impact.

Yow.  That's a pretty heavy bit of infrastructure for doing nothing 
but set up a mailing list.

Something to remember when thinking about fraud, spam, and attacks on 
the internet--especially when comparing to that in real life.  There 
are lots of things that people would never do in real life that they 
will do online.  Furthermore, do to the point to point nature of the 
internet, every single lowlife in the world has a direct connection 
to you.  So, multiple decreased inhibitions by increased access and 
you've got to be a lot more careful.

The other thing that really concerns me about spam fighting is the 
cost of unintended consequences.  Stamps are one type of solution 
that is very prone to this, as are many of the legal solutions people 
have proposed.

These solutions don't try to stop spam.  They try and set rules for 
spamming.  "You may spam if you pay postage."  "You may spam if you 
provide an unsubscribe address."  These solutions legitimize spam. 
They open up the door for lawsuits against ISPs who block email that 
meets the rules.  They send a message to every company in the world 
that it's okay to send email to people who didn't give consent, so 
long as they follow the rules.  A postage-paid system that doesn't 
put a company like ZDNet out of business (what, a million messages a 
day or something like that?) is *not* going to be a barrier to entry 
for most companies.  Instead of having a thousand or so spammers 
running around hitting you every day, you're going to have tens of 
thousands of companies sending you email every month saying, "If you 
don't want to be on this list, please follow these arcane unsubscribe 
directions."  This will *not* be an improvement.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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To: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Let's try something different
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 15:36:50 -0500

At 2:08 PM -0500 3/8/03, Chris Lewis wrote:
>Simple.  Do what we do. We blacklist the open proxies, and let the 
>people who hit the blacklist (if any do) report it. We provide 
>pretty boilerplate

A company, especially a small company, cannot afford to do that to a 
potential customer.  If someone sends my consulting company email 
asking for my business, and I bounce it and tell them they can't talk 
to me until they straighten it out with their ISP--I've just lost a 
potential client.

It also doesn't work for the prototypical end-user.  For a year I 
sent back a response to everyone who sent email to 
wormalert@somewhere.com.  It explained why they were getting the 
response, why they shouldn't send email to the address, why they 
should take it out of their address book.  Every day I'd get dozens 
of responses.  "Who are you?"  "How did you get my email?"  "You 
aren't in my address book!".  So I gave up and started bouncing the 
stuff with an extended bounce message explaining the message.  Now I 
just get 3-4 messages a day saying the same thing.  (That's about a 
1% "I'm confused" response rate.)  And then there are the people who 
completely ignore the bounces and keep sending mail over and over 
again.  When I finally get them to listen, I ask them why they 
ignored the bounce.  "I didn't know what it was."  "I thought it was 
spam."  "I thought it was a virus."  "My ISP told me never to respond 
to email from someone I didn't know." (E.g. MAILER-DAEMON).  And then 
there are people's address books.  wormalert tends to get email sent 
to everyone in the address book.  When people repeatedly do this, I 
would reply-all to their message.  So here's someone who has been 
sending email to everyone in his address book for days (at least). 
When I send to those addresses, I get a dozen bounces.  This guy has 
been getting dozens of bounces a day from bad addresses in his 
address book, and he has ignored them all.  And this is *common*.  We 
are talking of hundreds and thousands of people doing this.

These are the people who have been told over and over again that they 
shouldn't open mail from someone they don't know.  They get email 
from MAILER-DAEMON (pretty scary name if you think about it) and we 
expect them to open the message, read past the garbage, find the 
place where it says they were blocked because we thought they were 
sending spam, figure out that this isn't a permanent problem, and 
forward it to their ISP?

>>This is a common misconception.  "False positives aren't a problem, 
>>they just go into a queue that people can check."  Technically, 
>>it's true.  Practically, it doesn't work.
>
>I think you missed a step.  The sender sees the reject, and reports 
>the FP as instructed in the reject.

See above.  Try thinking like someone's grandmother.

>>I've got bad news for you.  People don't check the queues.
>
>Pardon my french: Like hell I don't!

You didn't read the next line did you.  Techies do.  But even techies 
get sloppy over time.

>In case you missed it, I'm the FP handler for the entire company.  When I say

And that makes you about the least qualified person in the world to 
consider what the average user will do with a false positive.  It's 
your *job* to read the things.

First rule of end-user false positives.  You don't call them false 
positives.  The end user has no clue what that means.  We call it 
"misidentified email", and I don't even like that.  We don't talk 
about spam (or, God forbid, "ham"!).  There's mail that was blocked, 
and mail that was approved.

I just got off the phone with my father last night.  I was getting 
his feedback on some new forms for dealing with misidentified email. 
He's one of our beta testers because he definitely fits into the 
"it's all magic to me" category. It took a while to explain the form 
because it turned out that he had gotten so complacent about the junk 
folder that he had stopped checking it at all.  He just deleted them. 
This had all been explained many times.  But this *isn't* his job. 
It's an annoyance.  And finding false positives was not something he 
had to do every day, but just occasionally, so he forgot.  And that's 
the real world.

>similar).  Send each user, according to whatever schedule they may 
>choose, a single email containing dates, froms and subject lines of 
>mail that's been filtered. Give them the opportunity (via a link to 
>your quarantine server) to view or discard the blocked emails.  Or 
>even provide a mechanism for selecting automatic forward (ie: based 
>on from) without having to adjust the front-end server-wide 
>filtering.

That is *exactly* what PureMessaging does.  Sending the spam through 
flagged is an option, but the normal behavior is to leave the mail on 
the server and send you a periodic summary.  You can have messages 
sent through to you, or you can 
whitelist/blacklist/unsubscribe/report-to-abuse--as appropriate for 
the given message.  It doesn't solve the problem.  They glance at the 
mail and delete it.

Now you can tell me that people are being stupid.  But that's kind of 
pointless.  You design a system for the users.  They know what they 
know.  Fundamentally when you are designing systems like this you are 
designing a user interface.  And like all good UI design, it needs to 
take into account how real users behave.  As people intimately 
involved in email systems for most of our lives, we are supremely 
unqualified to make that determination by examining our own behavior.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Sat Mar  8 16:06:40 2003
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] PKI and Filters
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 13:01:37 -0800

> A problem applying to both kinds:
> 
>    Even if we are far away from having a widely deployed 
>    public key infrastructure, we should take care to not slam that
>    door closed. A content based spam filter would defeat the success
>    of a common PKI. Why? 

On the contrary. Filters are the reason that PKI will become practical.

First premise: Filters do not work better than 95%

All the filters proposed thus far are based on technologies that are known
to have severe limitations. That includes the Bayesian filtering approach
for which some have been claiming ridiculous 99.5% success rates with no
failures.

Second Premise: False Positives Matter a LOT

A lot of interest in the JamSpam consortium comes from people who send out
lots of mail that does not get through. People like C|Net and relationsip
management companies that send out email from your bank or airline with
account status and special offers.


Proposal: Use Filters and Authentication together

Content filters should use authentication based approaches to whitelist
known good mail from AUTHORIZED sources. PKI allows the authorization to be
quite broad. I know that AOL now has rate limiting on outbound mail so I
will take any AUTHENTICATED email from AOL, Hotmail, Yahoo, etc.

PKI has been a success in the e-commerce space. I do not know of any case
where a credit card number was stolen from a communication over the wire. If
everyone used PKI to protect the credit card numbers in storage as well
there would not be problems with theft of cc databases.


PKI for email clients has not been a big success. This has partly been
because of the unfair advertising advantage that the FBI gave to PGP. It has
also been because there has been no infrastructure for discovery of
encryption keys and because the business model has been screwed up in the
consumer space.

I believe that I address these problems with XKMS which is a DNS linked PKI.

   * The PGP/X.509 Mindshare war is over
	People can use either scheme for their keying needs. I propose that
we unify the messaging standard as well so that standard email clients can
send and receive mail to/from PGP and/or S/MIME users.

   * The public key discovery problem is solved
	XKMS is DNS linked. So to find the XKMS service for example.com look
up the XKMS SRV record at example.com. Then do a locate on the result to get
the key.

   * The fat client problem is solved
	Any XKMS client can access the most sophisticated (i.e. complicated)
PKI that is in use. The complexity is managed at the XKMS service, not on
the client. So you can have full strength PKI accessible from Zaurus or your
pocketPC.

I think we could solve the marketing issues as well.


		Phill
 
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 14:46:53 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> ...
> First premise: Filters do not work better than 95%
>
> All the filters proposed thus far are based on technologies that are known
> to have severe limitations. That includes the Bayesian filtering approach
> for which some have been claiming ridiculous 99.5% success rates with no
> failures.

I'm not sure whether "the" numbers is 80%, 90%, 95%, or perhaps even
99%, but I'm sure it's not 100%.  Part of the cause for the ridiculous
claims of 99.5% averages for Bayesian filters (but notably not on
official Bayesian web pages) is that someone who receives one or two
legitimate messages per week and 28 spam/day really can see better
than 99% accuracy.  People who receive 100's of legitimate messages/day
will have other views.

> Second Premise: False Positives Matter a LOT
>
> A lot of interest in the JamSpam consortium comes from people who send out
> lots of mail that does not get through. People like C|Net and relationsip
> management companies that send out email from your bank or airline with
> account status and special offers.

That went wrong in a couple of ways.  People like C|Net and specifically
including C|Net have well earned reputations as senders of unsolicited,
unwanted, unasked for, irritating, commercial bulk mail.  That's partly
because all big outfits will always occassionally hire an idiot that
will send some spam before being educated or fired.  It's also partly
because outfits that depend on advertising are incapable of understanding
that many people *never* want unsolicited bulk advertising or any
unsolicited "sample subscriptions" to "newsletters."

The second wrong turn is that what advertisers like C|Net want don't
matter, except to the extent it affects their own behavior.  The only
people with standing to complain about false positives are people who
failed to receive mail.  People who failed to send can go pound sand.
As the slogan goes, "My mailbox, my rules."


> Proposal: Use Filters and Authentication together
>
> Content filters should use authentication based approaches to whitelist
> known good mail from AUTHORIZED sources. PKI allows the authorization to be
> quite broad. I know that AOL now has rate limiting on outbound mail so I
> will take any AUTHENTICATED email from AOL, Hotmail, Yahoo, etc.

How will Hotmail and Yahoo ensure that a new user is not a spammer?
They can't afford to check identities for free accounts.
Ralsky can contact Hotmail for a new account, get his certificate signed,
and start pounding away for at least a day or two until his certificate
is revoked--provided you use some kind of on-line verification.  

On the other hand, if Hotmail requires a credit card number, they can
detect Ralsky, or at least wreck the credit rating of the owner of the
credit card.  However, they could to that today without Verisign's "help."


> PKI has been a success in the e-commerce space. I do not know of any case
> where a credit card number was stolen from a communication over the wire. If
> everyone used PKI to protect the credit card numbers in storage as well
> there would not be problems with theft of cc databases.

Nonsense!  PKI has been a resounding failure.  The fact that no credit
cards have been stolen on the net is as irrelevant as the fact that no
babies have been killed on the net.  PKI has failed to do what it promised
and there is no hope that it can ever be fixed given the business model,
price points, and public opposition to government identity cards.  The
Microsoft certificate story (not to mention the cert revocation story)
demonstrated the already obvious fact that $350 is at least 10X and
probably 100X too small to allow even a well intentioned organization
to ensure that the prospective holder of a certificate is who he says he is.

In the real world, all that's need to get a certificate is a check
for $150-350 and some faxes of typical business registration forms
that you assure the cert vendor really are the real things.  Judging
from my investigations before I gave up and went with self-signed
certs, the commercial certificate vendors do not even try to validate
those forms or anything more than perhaps a check the email address
in whois records is plausible.


> PKI for email clients has not been a big success. This has partly been
> because of the unfair advertising advantage that the FBI gave to PGP. It has
> also been because there has been no infrastructure for discovery of
> encryption keys and because the business model has been screwed up in the
> consumer space.

That's worse nonsense than the claims about credit card numbers, HTTPS,
and PKI.  The business model in the commercial space is just bad because
it is the same "send us some money and we'll sign your key, but don't hold
us responsible for anything at all."  The only reason that Verisign is
still selling commercial certificates is that consumers believe Verisign's
bald faced lie that the reason credit card numbers are not stolen by packet
sniffing has something to do with PKI and Microsoft's nonsense that
authentication (e.g. ActiveX) has something to do with authorization.


> I believe that I address these problems with XKMS which is a DNS linked PKI.
>    * The PGP/X.509 Mindshare war is over

> ...
>    * The public key discovery problem is solved
> 	XKMS is DNS linked. ...

>    * The fat client problem is solved
> 	Any XKMS client can access the most sophisticated (i.e. complicated)
> PKI that is in use. The complexity is managed at the XKMS service, not on
> the client. So you can have full strength PKI accessible from Zaurus or your
> pocketPC.
>
> I think we could solve the marketing issues as well.

The result of that would be to cram the Internet back into the old
AOL/Genie/Compuserv fancy BBS model.  You don't need the crypto frosting
to do that.  All the PKI trappings do is give Verisign a piece of the
action.  You might be right about the marketing issues, but I hope you're
wrong and that people will not go back to the old AOL BBS model.

I'm sorry to be so blunt about the Verisign nonsense, but
SHEESH--give us a break!


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 23:27:21 +0000 (GMT)

On Sat, 8 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> > From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
> 
> > ...
> > First premise: Filters do not work better than 95%
> >
> > All the filters proposed thus far are based on technologies that are known
> > to have severe limitations. That includes the Bayesian filtering approach
> > for which some have been claiming ridiculous 99.5% success rates with no
> > failures.
> 
> I'm not sure whether "the" numbers is 80%, 90%, 95%, or perhaps even
> 99%, but I'm sure it's not 100%.  Part of the cause for the ridiculous
> claims of 99.5% averages for Bayesian filters (but notably not on
> official Bayesian web pages) is that someone who receives one or two
> legitimate messages per week and 28 spam/day really can see better
> than 99% accuracy.  People who receive 100's of legitimate messages/day
> will have other views.

The accuracy of a bayesian filter very much depends on training, and the 
variance in your regular email and its differentiation from spam. On my 
personal email, of which including mailing list subscriptions I get about 
400 mails a day, about 50-100 of which are spam, bayesian filters *are* 
99.9% accurate.

Throw in a mixed user base and that figure drops quite a bit (though not 
unreasonably so).

The bad thing is that bayesian filters are thwartable (though no more so 
than any other body-based mechanisms are, including hashes).

Matt.

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 16:42:32 -0800

Lets face it the management of mailing lists is a mess. A member of the IESG
told me that this is because the mailing lists and mail MUAs don't adhere to
the specs. An employee of a company that writes one of the most widely used
MTAs gave a reply that to use the J.K.Rowling technique would go
'horsepuckey, indecipherable, impractical, arrogant, not suprised'.

I think that we need to address mailing lists as a special case for action.
In particular it should be possible to communicate to MTAs in the
communication path the fact that a user has opted in to the list.

One reason for this is that if my mailer could detect mail from mailing
lists reliably I could then ditch the 50% of the spam I get that is not
addressed to me at all. [Yes I know that they would adapt, but their current
behaviour has a purpose and I want to block that purpose].


If we are going to get the mail infrastructure sorted out for the sake of
stopping spam we might as well sort out a bunch of the other pathologies it
currently suffers from if the cost is low. I believe that the way we will
eventually end up propagating whatever changes are required will be through
some form of branding, whether it be 'RFC6388 Compliant' or 'JamSpam
Compliant' or whatever.


My pet mailing list peves:

  1   Reply to sends the reply to the original author, not 
	the mailing list. Reply to all sends the reply to the 
	mailing list and to all prior authors, creating a shadow 
	mailing list

  2   Out of office responses getting sent to list members

  3   I have to tell the mail client to create a folder for each list

  4a  Delays introduced by anti-spam moderation
  4b  Time taken to do anti-spam moderation
  4c  Time spent reading idiotic posts from 'Prof' Bernstein 
	complaining that the anti-spam filtering is censorship.

  5   Spam on mailing lists

  6   Opt-in verification to prove its me when my original request
	had a digital signature and cert.

  7   Unsubscribe that does not work (often due to burster lists)

  8   Web archives that only show an index of 20 messages at a time
	so you have to backspace through 15 pages when catching up.
	[OK its only the IETF that configures MonHarc this stupid way]

  9   Maintenance messages that get sent to the list complaining about
	the above.

 10   Having the messages from a list get trapped in some dozy
	spam filter.

Lots of these are synchronization problems. There is one basic 
behavior that people expect from mailing lists. However the 
clients and mailing lists have slightly different configurations,
work arrounds etc. that causes chaos.

A header that identified mail as comming from a mailing list
would help a lot here. There have been proposals, but how do 
we get to DEPLOYMENT???


On the spam issue what we need is a means of communicating 
consent from the MUA to MTAs in the path. This can be done 
efficiently using either symmetric cryptography or public
key.

If we are using a symmetric scheme Alice generates a key and
sends the symmetric key to her receiving MTA. if we are using
a public key scheme Alice probably has her key already, 
the MTA can pull the public key from her XKMS service.

To subscribe to a list Alice goes to the 'subscribe to list'
option in the tools menu of her client. This generates a
subscription blob that contains Alice's email address, the
address of the list [possibly including a wildcard], date
and is signed with Alice's key. We might want to use DSA 
for this for compactness. 

The subscription blob is sent to the mailing list server 
manager. If the mailing list is compliant then it will 
subscribe Alice immediately.

The mailing lists stores Alice's subscription blob along 
with each message and sends it out with each mailing. This
allows Alice's MTA (and if public key is used all the 
intervening MTAs) to determine that the message was solicited.


Legacy mailing lists can also be supported with a bit of 
intelligence on the part of the subscriber's MTA. 

Basically it records the fact that Alice has subscribed 
and then records the fact she is subscribed locally.
It can also process the opt-in callback loop for her.

		Phill
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 17:13:52 -0800

> That went wrong in a couple of ways.  People like C|Net and 
> specifically
> including C|Net have well earned reputations as senders of 
> unsolicited,
> unwanted, unasked for, irritating, commercial bulk mail.  

Which it why I believe we have to have a protocol that makes 
consent an empirical fact that can be checked by the MTA.

Let us get away from the whole 'he said she said' thing.


> The second wrong turn is that what advertisers like C|Net want don't
> matter, except to the extent it affects their own behavior.  The only
> people with standing to complain about false positives are people who
> failed to receive mail.  People who failed to send can go pound sand.
> As the slogan goes, "My mailbox, my rules."

The problem is when ISPs claim this. So they have a subscriber 
who pays to get an INTERNET account and then finds that the ISP
is going to decide who she gets mail from. Oh it turns out that
planned parenthood is on the ISPs blacklist.

Don't think such a thing is impossible. SPEWS recently listed 
the whole of UUNET because a maintainer took a dislike to a
Web site they hosted. Several blacklists list the whole of China
and Korea.

And presumably if you subscribe to something like Amber Alert
which relays the state amber alert (kidnaped kids) warnings to 
subscribers you probably want to get the messages.


> How will Hotmail and Yahoo ensure that a new user is not a spammer?

They have pseudo turing tests for subscribers and they implement
rate limiting. You cannot send 100 emails a minute from a new 
hotmail account. There are also limits on connections from the
same IP address.

> On the other hand, if Hotmail requires a credit card number, they can
> detect Ralsky, or at least wreck the credit rating of the owner of the
> credit card.  However, they could to that today without 
> Verisign's "help."

They could or they could take advantage of the extreemly
reasonable prices of VeriSign payment services.

> The result of that would be to cram the Internet back into the old
> AOL/Genie/Compuserv fancy BBS model. 

You forget who you are talking to, I did more to destroy that 
model than most people on this list.


> I'm sorry to be so blunt about the Verisign nonsense, but
> SHEESH--give us a break!

Don't deny yourself a tool out of spite.

If you believe that you can do just as well with self signed certs,
or raw keys in the DNS that is fine too.


		Phill
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 18:18:18 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> ...
>   1   Reply to sends the reply to the original author, not 
> 	the mailing list. Reply to all sends the reply to the 
> 	mailing list and to all prior authors, creating a shadow 
> 	mailing list

Those are bugs and errors by users. 
There's nothing the IETF can or should do about it.

>   2   Out of office responses getting sent to list members

Even worse is when out-of-office responses go to the list.
But both are well known bugs that the responsible parties refuse
to acknowledge or fix.

>   3   I have to tell the mail client to create a folder for each list

"Folders" are features of MTAs beyond the appropriate influence of the IETF
(or IRTF).  Just as the IETF doesn't presume to talk about GUIs, window
managers, and other stuff, it shouldn't talk about MTA user interface 
features or bugs.

>   4a  Delays introduced by anti-spam moderation
>   4b  Time taken to do anti-spam moderation
>   4c  Time spent reading idiotic posts from 'Prof' Bernstein 
> 	complaining that the anti-spam filtering is censorship.

The first two may have something to do with the IESG.  The entire IETF
including IAB and IESG has working on the more general case of 4c for
at leaset 10 years.  See http://www.google.com/search?q=tap+ident+Bernstein

>   5   Spam on mailing lists

In general, if you can stop spam to individual mailboxes, you can stop
it to mailing lists.  I think defenses such as the DCC and Pyzor/Razor are
particularly well suited for mailing lists, since bulk mail sent to
mailing lists is almost always spam.

>   6   Opt-in verification to prove its me when my original request
> 	had a digital signature and cert.

That's mistaken.  Signatures and certs may prove (for various notions
of "prove"; recall the Microsoft cert saga) that you are you, but they
do not necessarily bind you to any particular RFC 2821 mailbox.  Your
cert may authenticate you, but it does not by itself authorize you to
subscribe a mailbox to a mailing list.  Outside Redmond and its
colonies, authentication differs from authorization.

>   7   Unsubscribe that does not work (often due to burster lists)

Those are bugs, often in the very existence of the burster.

>   8   Web archives that only show an index of 20 messages at a time
> 	so you have to backspace through 15 pages when catching up.
> 	[OK its only the IETF that configures MonHarc this stupid way]

That's high on my list, but it's the domain of the IESG not the IRTF.

>   9   Maintenance messages that get sent to the list complaining about
> 	the above.
>
>  10   Having the messages from a list get trapped in some dozy
> 	spam filter.

yes.

> ...
> A header that identified mail as comming from a mailing list
> would help a lot here. There have been proposals, but how do 
> we get to DEPLOYMENT???

RFC 2369 is more than merely a proposal.

> On the spam issue what we need is a means of communicating 
> consent from the MUA to MTAs in the path. This can be done 
> efficiently using either symmetric cryptography or public
> key.

Cryptography might be a part of implementing that, but it's not
the whole thing.  Neither confidentiality, authentication, nor
non-repudiation are the same as authorization.   "Consent" sounds
more like authorization than the other crypto stuff.


> If we are using a symmetric scheme Alice generates a key and
> sends the symmetric key to her receiving MTA. if we are using
> a public key scheme Alice probably has her key already, 
> the MTA can pull the public key from her XKMS service.
>
> To subscribe to a list Alice goes to the 'subscribe to list'
> option in the tools menu of her client. This generates a
> subscription blob that contains Alice's email address, the
> address of the list [possibly including a wildcard], date
> and is signed with Alice's key. We might want to use DSA 
> for this for compactness. 
>
> The subscription blob is sent to the mailing list server 
> manager. If the mailing list is compliant then it will 
> subscribe Alice immediately.
>
> The mailing lists stores Alice's subscription blob along 
> with each message and sends it out with each mailing. This
> allows Alice's MTA (and if public key is used all the 
> intervening MTAs) to determine that the message was solicited.

Where's the connection between Alice's key and the email address
she subscribed?  Again, authentication is not the same as authorization.

> Legacy mailing lists can also be supported with a bit of 
> intelligence on the part of the subscriber's MTA. 
>
> Basically it records the fact that Alice has subscribed 
> and then records the fact she is subscribed locally.
> It can also process the opt-in callback loop for her.

If you can teach MTA's to recognize mailing lists enough to do that,
then you do not need to send any keys, blobs, or other crypto stuff
to any mailing list.

The crypto stuff that is needed is not from Alice to the mailing list,
but only something that authenticates the mailing list so that Alice's
MTA or MUA can authorize its mail.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200303090142.h291g5hF003760@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] PKI and Filters
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> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

 ...
> The problem is when ISPs claim this. So they have a subscriber 
> who pays to get an INTERNET account and then finds that the ISP
> is going to decide who she gets mail from. Oh it turns out that
> planned parenthood is on the ISPs blacklist.

You wrote about C|NET, not ISPs.  C|NET is not an ISP but an
advertiser, or at best a publisher.

> Don't think such a thing is impossible. SPEWS recently listed 
> the whole of UUNET because a maintainer took a dislike to a
> Web site they hosted. Several blacklists list the whole of China
> and Korea.

Are you sure of your facts there?  I don't recall hearing of SPEWS
listing all of UUNET's IP addresses.

> ...
> > How will Hotmail and Yahoo ensure that a new user is not a spammer?
>
> They have pseudo turing tests for subscribers and they implement
> rate limiting. You cannot send 100 emails a minute from a new 
> hotmail account. There are also limits on connections from the
> same IP address.

So you're saying that Hotmail users could no longer send mail from
other ISPs using their Hotmail addresses as Reply-To, From, or Sender
header values or envelope Mail_From values?  So you'd push them back
into the AOL BBS model and off the Internet?  I hope that is impossible.


> > On the other hand, if Hotmail requires a credit card number, they can
> > detect Ralsky, or at least wreck the credit rating of the owner of the
> > credit card.  However, they could to that today without 
> > Verisign's "help."
>
> They could or they could take advantage of the extreemly
> reasonable prices of VeriSign payment services.

The credit card factor, whether PayPal, VeriSign, or some other
outfit is obviously irrelevant.  So why did you mention Verisign?


> > The result of that would be to cram the Internet back into the old
> > AOL/Genie/Compuserv fancy BBS model. 
>
> You forget who you are talking to, I did more to destroy that 
> model than most people on this list.

No, you forget who you're talking to, and I'm not referring only
to myself.  There are, or were the worst of the flood, readers who
I think did incomparably more than you to break open the BBS model.


> > I'm sorry to be so blunt about the Verisign nonsense, but
> > SHEESH--give us a break!
>
> Don't deny yourself a tool out of spite.
>
> If you believe that you can do just as well with self signed certs,
> or raw keys in the DNS that is fine too.

My problems with commercial CAs have nothing to do with spite, but
with their business models.  The prices of certs are orders of magnitude
too low to do the things that the customers of commercial CA vendors
are lead to expect they're buying.  You can't verfy my identity for
a mere $150-$350, no matter how good your intentions, and so you (not
just Verisign) cannot issue a cert that really authenticates me.  
I suspect a $350 price won't buy the liability insurance for errors
in issuing certs, and that is why Verisign says "here's a cert, but
we really don't know if it's any good so don't call us if it's a waste
of bits and CPU cycles that causes you to lose money or launch missles."
On the other hand, even $350 is barely below the price point for a
commercial cert.  No user will spent $50 to buy a cert for a personal
mailbox, which is why no one has a Verisign personal cert.  Cert
vendors simply cannot get the money to do honest authenticating because
cert buyers won't pay for it.

My problem with Verisign itself is not spite, but continuing lies and
gross misrepresentations.  Your obviously completely bogus claim that
Verisign has had anything whatsoever to do with keeping credit card
numbers out of the hands of bad guys is classic Verisign self-serving
knowing misrepresentation.  Perhaps you assumed no one around here
knows about DH or other means to get session confidentiality.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Sat Mar  8 21:04:29 2003
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] PKI and Filters
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 19:02:31 -0700 (MST)

I just wrote:

]                        Perhaps you assumed no one around here
] knows about DH or other means to get session confidentiality.

To forestall quibbles, yes, a simple DH exchange with random keys won't
exclude men in the middle.  To exclude a man in the middle, you need
something like certs.  However, I've never heard of any men-in-the
middle attacks on "internet commerce" sessions that certs would have
prevented.  There have been plenty of man-in-the middle attacks on
credit card numbers, but they've been outside the parts of the path
protected by public keys or within the end systems.  Two recent examples
are described in http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/22.61.html#subj9 and
http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/22.61.html#subj10

See also http://www.securitymanagement.com/library/000836.html
http://www.counterpane.com/pki-risks-ft.txt
http://www.securityfocus.com/columnists/60
http://www.csl.sri.com/users/neumann/insiderisks.html#132
and http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/ms01-017.asp


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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On Sat, 8 Mar 2003 16:42:32 -0800, "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:
> 
> A header that identified mail as comming from a mailing list
> would help a lot here. There have been proposals, but how do 
> we get to DEPLOYMENT???

These two procmail rules sort 23 of the 37 lists I'm currently
subscribed to automatically, and my mail client picks up the new folders
without me having to create them specifically, today:

	:0
	* ^List-Id: .*<\/[^>@.]*
	mailing-lists/$MATCH/.

	:0
	* ^List-Owner: .*<mailto:owner-\/[^>@.]*
	mailing-lists/$MATCH/.

Mailman out of the box today is set up to add "List-Id:" to all mails passed on. 

Most lists that don't have List-Id: seems to be rather mature lists; 5 of my 14 are
actually ietf.org lists.

I think we can move this particular problem off the urgent list in this forum;
this *is* getting deployment.

	Henrik


-- 
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 18:38:33 -0800 (PST)

on "3-8-2003" "Kee Hinckley" writ:

: the ones I've seen proposed require that you can see.
: They will not pass federal requirements in the U.S. as they currently
: stand.  And if they get widely deployed outside of the federal arena
: you are certain to see accessibility lawsuits.  Solveable perhaps by
: including both visual and audio prompts, but someone should start
: thinking about it now.

... i lay claim to being the "guy that's blind in one eye, and can't see
out the other".

    what, exactly, are the "fed's" requirements with regard to 'americans
with disabilities' vis-a-vis 'software'.  is that an implication, or a
requirement of the statute.

    the 'threat' of lawsuits in the us is a given, so that something of a
moot point.

    i am at a loss in 'seeing' (sorry) how a 'visual prompt' helpful to
those blind enough to warrent its use ...
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] PKI and Filters 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sat, 08 Mar 2003 18:42:05 MST."
             <200303090142.h291g5hF003760@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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Date: Sat, 08 Mar 2003 16:34:44 -0500

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> So you're saying that Hotmail users could no longer send mail from
> other ISPs using their Hotmail addresses as Reply-To, From, or Sender
> header values or envelope Mail_From values?

  If those users have Hotmails consent, that's fine.  If the mail
recipients can verify that consent, it's also fine.

  Without those two parts of the puzzle, the recipient can only tell
he's being lied to.  Lack of informed consent means no consent, and
the deceitful mail should get trashed.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: 9 Mar 2003 02:41:20 +0000

On Sat, Mar 08, 2003 at 06:18:18PM -0700, Vernon Schryver allegedly wrote:
> > From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

I completely agree with Phillip that mailing lists need to be
fixed. But to me, fixed means being able to distinguish them from spam
and currently there is no reliable way of doing that. As a
consequence, their bulkiness makes them very vulnerable to a lot of
the spam detection strategies and the need for lots of whitelist guff.

I also include in the "mailing list" category, all of the e-marketers
and e-commerce sites that routinely send communications to their
opt-in customers. A simple example might be ebay sending "out bid"
alerts (I'm pretty sure ebay only send such stuff to people who ask
for it, but it still counts as bulky just because so many people ask
for it).

I also agree that it shouldn't be that hard to "fix" mailing lists so
that bulk detection systems can let legitimate mailing list traffic
through.

But, as Vernon says, doing so doesn't need fancy crypto solutions.


It strikes me that mailing lists could be "fixed" by having MUAs
recognize the confirmation process initiated as part of making a
subscription request to the mailing list.

This could be as simple as a new header field that tells the MUA to
generate a unique token - let's call it a confirmation token - as part
of the confirmation reply. Heck, even the Message-ID might do.

If the mailing list s/w records the confirmation token and then uses
it in all subsequent outbound email to the subscriber, than the MUA
can reliably override any bulk detectors/indicators that might be set
by the ISP/MUA/whatever.

It doesn't strike me as especially hard for a mailing list system to
record the confirmation token along with the email address.

It also doesn't strike me as especially hard for an MUA to track the
confirmation tokens it has generated. After all, most of them track
UIDLs for POP, so they probably have the s/w infrastructure to deal
with this sort of keyed data. The confirmation tokens could also be
algorithmic checked of course, obviating the need for a database.

I probably being cavalier about the changes need, but they might be a
reasonable price to pay to forever exclude mailing lists from bulk
detectors and whitelist management hassles.

Confirmation tokens also get the ISP/service provider out of the loop
of guessing whether permission has really been granted for bulky
traffic.

The one down side is that all mailing lists have to send individual
mails to each recipient and we all know what sort of red flag that is
to some bulls.

I'm not trying to propose this as a specific solution, all I'm trying
to demonstrate is that some of our problems could be fixed with
relatively simple solutions, if it weren't for the huge inertia.


Regards.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Nucleus of a draft BCP on filtering
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 18:44:01 -0800 (PST)

on "3-8-2003" "Jon Kyme" writ:

: Well, no, but I believe we must form a consensus on a
: definition of "consent-based communication".
: That's what the RG is chartered for.

... i'd like to see 'obscurity' considered as a element of it ...

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200303090309.h2939MDJ013142@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] PKI and Filters
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 20:09:22 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>

> > So you're saying that Hotmail users could no longer send mail from
> > other ISPs using their Hotmail addresses as Reply-To, From, or Sender
> > header values or envelope Mail_From values?
>
>   If those users have Hotmails consent, that's fine.  If the mail
> recipients can verify that consent, it's also fine.
> ...

I guessed at two different intended meanings for what the other person
was talking about.  The other involved checking Hotmail's consent
about mail from another outfit and so not going back to the BBS model.

Checking Hotmail's consent is not trivial in practice, unless you are
a member of the Wishful Thinking Design School and accept handwaving.
It's not obviously impossible, but neither is it obviously practical.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 19:21:21 -0800


> > ...
> >   1   Reply to sends the reply to the original author, not 
> > 	the mailing list. Reply to all sends the reply to the 
> > 	mailing list and to all prior authors, creating a shadow 
> > 	mailing list
> 
> Those are bugs and errors by users. 
> There's nothing the IETF can or should do about it.

No it is a user interface problem that is cause by an inadequate
specification. The IETF should stop sticking its head in the sand 
when these issues come up.


> >   2   Out of office responses getting sent to list members
> 
> Even worse is when out-of-office responses go to the list.
> But both are well known bugs that the responsible parties refuse
> to acknowledge or fix.

The responsible parties including the IETF. 


> >   3   I have to tell the mail client to create a folder for 
> each list
> 
> "Folders" are features of MTAs beyond the appropriate 
> influence of the IETF
> (or IRTF).  Just as the IETF doesn't presume to talk about 
> GUIs, window
> managers, and other stuff, it shouldn't talk about MTA user interface 
> features or bugs.

Should have the information in the protocol to allow the
user interface to do its job properly.

> >   6   Opt-in verification to prove its me when my original request
> > 	had a digital signature and cert.
> 
> That's mistaken.  Signatures and certs may prove (for various notions
> of "prove"; recall the Microsoft cert saga) that you are you, but they
> do not necessarily bind you to any particular RFC 2821 mailbox.  Your
> cert may authenticate you, but it does not by itself authorize you to
> subscribe a mailbox to a mailing list.  Outside Redmond and its
> colonies, authentication differs from authorization.

DNS Linked PKI addresses that problem, the owner of the DNS zone
can specify what certificates they consider to be valid for the zone.

As for the authorization thing, it is exactly the same as with existing
mail opt-in, if you can read mail to the account you can subscribe it
to a mailing list.

> RFC 2369 is more than merely a proposal.

How much effort went into getting the software vendor community to
buy into it?

> > The mailing lists stores Alice's subscription blob along 
> > with each message and sends it out with each mailing. This
> > allows Alice's MTA (and if public key is used all the 
> > intervening MTAs) to determine that the message was solicited.
> 
> Where's the connection between Alice's key and the email address
> she subscribed?  Again, authentication is not the same as 
> authorization.

In the public key case check the digital signature, use XKMS or 
other mechanism of your choice to verify the key.


> > Legacy mailing lists can also be supported with a bit of 
> > intelligence on the part of the subscriber's MTA. 
> >
> > Basically it records the fact that Alice has subscribed 
> > and then records the fact she is subscribed locally.
> > It can also process the opt-in callback loop for her.
> 
> If you can teach MTA's to recognize mailing lists enough to do that,
> then you do not need to send any keys, blobs, or other crypto stuff
> to any mailing list.

Only if you can count on always going through the same MTA and
that there is only one MTA in your receving path. Some of us
have a lot of MTAs...


		Phill 
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 20:22:46 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Mark Delany" <tcrcn-6ugsc@qmda.emu.st>

> ...
> This could be as simple as a new header field that tells the MUA to
> generate a unique token - let's call it a confirmation token - as part
> of the confirmation reply. Heck, even the Message-ID might do.
> ...

> The one down side is that all mailing lists have to send individual
> mails to each recipient and we all know what sort of red flag that is
> to some bulls.
> ...

If you are willing to use some trivial crypto, you don't need to suffer
that hassle.  All that the target's MUA or MTA needs to do is recognize
or authenticate traffic from the mailing list.  For that it does not
need unique-per-target tokents.  Simple public key signatures using
a public key conveyed in the initial subscription confirmation would do.  

If you believe as I do that the reason genuine mail forgery (as opposed
to using a legitimately owned Hotmail dropbox) fell off dramatically
a year or three ago is related to the laws criminalizing header forger,
then you don't need any crypto.  Simply have the MTU or MTU choose
and record a suitable RFC 2369 List-whatever header from the confirmation
message.

Consider the common claims about spammers forging headers.  When was
the last time you saw spam supposedly from CERT?  Don't you think that
if spammers were willing to forge headers to get around simple
whitelists, at least some would use that envelope or header From value?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, Asrg@ietf.org
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 22:31:18 -0500

At 20:22 -0700 3/8/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>Consider the common claims about spammers forging headers.  When was
>the last time you saw spam supposedly from CERT?  Don't you think that
>if spammers were willing to forge headers to get around simple
>whitelists, at least some would use that envelope or header From value?

You mean like this? I have tonnes of these...

 From i2secc0i@hotmail.com  Wed Mar  5 14:06:40 2003
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:05:44 -0500 (EST)
From: "Efrain Franckowiak" <i2secc0i@hotmail.com>
To: "Contact List" <...@media-lab.media.mit.edu>
Subject: Men, you have science in your corner


I see many forged headers. The biggest difference between "now" and 
the state of
things, oh, five years ago, is that the MTAs do their own corrections to the
headers within [ ] so we can see where things actually came from. The above
didn't attempt to lie, but I've got plenty that do.
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> I just wrote:
> 
> ]                        Perhaps you assumed no one around here
> ] knows about DH or other means to get session confidentiality.
> 
> To forestall quibbles, yes, a simple DH exchange with random 
> keys won't exclude men in the middle.  

As I have said repeatedly, the IETF has locked up too many times
insisting on security that is perfect and ended up with something
unusable.

If you read my previous messages to the list you will find that I
state that DH would have been sufficient for purposes of mail. This
is clearly the case if the alternative is to send en-clair.

In this particular case it would be sufficient to use self signed 
certificates whose only authentication came from the fact that they
were obtained by means of XKMS Locate from the XKMS server in the
relevant DNS zone.

Don't assume you know my business strategy, you do not. I believe that
the more people who use cryto of any type - yes including self-signed 
certs and PGP keys, the greater the demand there will be for trusted
third parties who add value through appropriate authentication 
mechanisms.

		Phill 
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> Consider the common claims about spammers forging headers.  When was
> the last time you saw spam supposedly from CERT?  

I got 6 bounce messages in my mail yesterday that indicated that
the cause was my own email address having been stolen by a spam 
sender.

I started looking into this issue a year ago when it happened to
my boss. Since then I have had my email address stollen on 10
occasions at least.

That does not count the viruses, these are spam messages (can tell
from the subject lines).


Some means of fixing spurious bounces would be a good idea as
well.

The proposal you make is interesting but does not get past the
problem of communicating consent. It leaves the legitimate bulk 
sender in the same he said/ she said situation they are in today.
I want a means of proving that yes you great steaming nit you did
just ask for this message. I also want something I can impose on 
the outgoing systems to make sure that no recent hire who has a
bright idea can spam against company policy.


		Phill

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 20:43:45 -0700 (MST)

> From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>


> >Consider the common claims about spammers forging headers.  When was
> >the last time you saw spam supposedly from CERT?  Don't you think that
> >if spammers were willing to forge headers to get around simple
> >whitelists, at least some would use that envelope or header From value?
>
> You mean like this? I have tonnes of these...
>
>  From i2secc0i@hotmail.com  Wed Mar  5 14:06:40 2003
> Received: from 200.203.76.54 ([200.203.76.54])
>          by aleve.media.mit.edu (8.9.3/8.9.3/+ALEVE) with SMTP id OAA18641
>          for (...); Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:05:44 -0500 (EST)
> Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:05:44 -0500 (EST)
> From: "Efrain Franckowiak" <i2secc0i@hotmail.com>
> To: "Contact List" <...@media-lab.media.mit.edu>
> Subject: Men, you have science in your corner

Where is cert.org among those headers? 

How do you know that i2secc0i@hotmail.com is forged and not legitimately
owned by the spammer?  Are you sure Efrain Franckowiak is not the name
of the spammer?  That 200.203.76.54 is supposedly in Brazil and not
owned by Hotmail does not imply that message has forged headers.

Yes, some spammers have begun or resumed forging sender addresses,
often using addresses from the target list.  However, they're still
not doing blatent forging as they were a few years ago.  

> I see many forged headers. The biggest difference between "now" and 
> the state of
> things, oh, five years ago, is that the MTAs do their own corrections to the
> headers within [ ] so we can see where things actually came from. The above
> didn't attempt to lie, but I've got plenty that do.

I've also seen plenty of genuine forged headers.  However, most
mismatches between SMTP client IP address and sender mail address(es)
are not obvious forgeries, unless you use Hotmail's odd, self-serving
definition of "forgery" which coveres using not using your current
hotel room as your return address while travelling.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Vernon Schryver wrote:

> If you believe as I do that the reason genuine mail forgery (as opposed
> to using a legitimately owned Hotmail dropbox) fell off dramatically
> a year or three ago is related to the laws criminalizing header forger,
> then you don't need any crypto.

We still get a heck of a lot of spam that claims to be from our own 
servers and/or users.  Thousands of spam blowback (spam forged in our 
domains bouncing back) too.

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 20:50:18 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> ...
> > >   6   Opt-in verification to prove its me when my original request
> > > 	had a digital signature and cert.
> > 
> > That's mistaken.  Signatures and certs may prove (for various notions
> > of "prove"; recall the Microsoft cert saga) that you are you, but they
> > do not necessarily bind you to any particular RFC 2821 mailbox.  Your
> > cert may authenticate you, but it does not by itself authorize you to
> > subscribe a mailbox to a mailing list.  Outside Redmond and its
> > colonies, authentication differs from authorization.
>
> DNS Linked PKI addresses that problem, the owner of the DNS zone
> can specify what certificates they consider to be valid for the zone.
>
> As for the authorization thing, it is exactly the same as with existing
> mail opt-in, if you can read mail to the account you can subscribe it
> to a mailing list.
> ...

Then why did you mention "digital signature and cert"?  Certs, DNS
linked PKI, owners of DNS zones and so forth are all fine and dandy
when you need them but why do you need them to authorize a stream of
mail from a mailing list to a mailbox?  They're irrelevant to
authorization based on replying to a confirmation request recieved by
the subscribing mailbox.  The only relevance I can see of any sort of
crypto in the subscription process is confidentiality using STMP-TLS,
PGP, SMIME or the like on the mail stream, but that's is not particular
to the subscription process.

I'd also like to see encryption used far more often, but I don't
pump for it when it's irrelevant.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 22:51:37 -0500

At 20:43 -0700 3/8/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>  > From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
>
>  > >Consider the common claims about spammers forging headers.  When was
>>  >the last time you saw spam supposedly from CERT?  Don't you think that
>>  >if spammers were willing to forge headers to get around simple
>>  >whitelists, at least some would use that envelope or header From value?
>>
>>  You mean like this? I have tonnes of these...
>>
>>   From i2secc0i@hotmail.com  Wed Mar  5 14:06:40 2003
>  > Received: from 200.203.76.54 ([200.203.76.54])
>>           by aleve.media.mit.edu (8.9.3/8.9.3/+ALEVE) with SMTP id OAA18641
>>           for (...); Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:05:44 -0500 (EST)
>>  Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 14:05:44 -0500 (EST)
>>  From: "Efrain Franckowiak" <i2secc0i@hotmail.com>
>>  To: "Contact List" <...@media-lab.media.mit.edu>
>>  Subject: Men, you have science in your corner
>
>Where is cert.org among those headers?

You picked one domain out of an infinity of them... fine, they don't 
forget cert.org
any more. They forge all the others. Great. I feel good about 
cert.org mail now. But it's
the rest that's making a mess of the incoming traffic.

>How do you know that i2secc0i@hotmail.com is forged and not legitimately
>owned by the spammer?  Are you sure Efrain Franckowiak is not the name
>of the spammer?  That 200.203.76.54 is supposedly in Brazil and not
>owned by Hotmail does not imply that message has forged headers.

right. But your logic is broken.
If 200.203.76.54 were owned by Hotmail, the message would have come from a
Hotmail server. It didn't. I mean, sure, maybe, Hotmail is also known as
  brt-f0-0-0-cslce7003.brasiltelecom.net.br (200.180.192.27)

Forgive me if I have my doubts.

>Yes, some spammers have begun or resumed forging sender addresses,
>often using addresses from the target list.  However, they're still
>not doing blatent forging as they were a few years ago.

oh baloney. It's saturday night and I should be out dancing but I have to
answer this message instead... no, there's plenty of forgery.
I'm really not sure what the issue is then, why are we discussing it?


>  > I see many forged headers. The biggest difference between "now" and
>>  the state of
>>  things, oh, five years ago, is that the MTAs do their own corrections to the
>>  headers within [ ] so we can see where things actually came from. The above
>>  didn't attempt to lie, but I've got plenty that do.
>
>I've also seen plenty of genuine forged headers.  However, most
>mismatches between SMTP client IP address and sender mail address(es)
>are not obvious forgeries, unless you use Hotmail's odd, self-serving
>definition of "forgery" which coveres using not using your current
>hotel room as your return address while travelling.

So what did I miss? You say there are plenty of forgeries, I say there
are plenty of forgeries, why are we discussing something about
forgeries not being relevant?
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 20:58:53 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>

> > If you believe as I do that the reason genuine mail forgery (as opposed
> > to using a legitimately owned Hotmail dropbox) fell off dramatically
> > a year or three ago is related to the laws criminalizing header forger,
> > then you don't need any crypto.
>
> We still get a heck of a lot of spam that claims to be from our own 
> servers and/or users.  Thousands of spam blowback (spam forged in our 
> domains bouncing back) too.

Again, for the umpteenth time, of course there is some header forgery,
but is it as much as most people claime?  I don't think so.  My guess
is that perhaps 10% of what most people claim is "forged" spam really
is.  10% of all of the spam in the world implies a "heck of a lot of
blowback and other noise.  Do you have any evidence that your heck of
a lot of forged spam is the majority or even a large fraction of spam?

My jihad in this area is to get people to stop using "forged" to mean
"sender domain differs from SMTP client reverse DNS".  That sloppy
language thinking is like using "douple plus super duper opt-in" for
"(confirmed) opt-in."  People use both sorts of language to mislead
and to try to justify positions that have no honest justification.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 20:29:12 -0500

At 4:42 PM -0800 3/8/03, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>Lets face it the management of mailing lists is a mess. A member of the IESG

This depends on the software.  Mailing list software integrated with 
the MTA can work quite well (CommuniGate is an excellent example, 
although weak for moderated lists.)  But I'll agree, it's certainly 
very easy to run a badly managed mailing list, and the "standards" 
are all over the map.

>I think that we need to address mailing lists as a special case for action.
>In particular it should be possible to communicate to MTAs in the
>communication path the fact that a user has opted in to the list.
>
>One reason for this is that if my mailer could detect mail from mailing
>lists reliably I could then ditch the 50% of the spam I get that is not
>addressed to me at all. [Yes I know that they would adapt, but their current
>behaviour has a purpose and I want to block that purpose].

Requiring mailing lists to include verification of consent is an 
intriguing idea.  Although it suffers from the same problem as 
sending encrypted email--you either need to send an individual copy 
to every person, or include multiple consent verifications with each 
message (which, if you have good list software, is batched up on a 
per-domain basis into groups of 50 to 200 people per message).

However I'm not sure how this lets you ditch "bcc"d spam.  Bcc'ing 
recipients is becoming more and more common as people become more 
aware that cc'ing their friends and relatives with the latest joke is 
a great way to spread people's addresses to spammers and viruses.

>If we are going to get the mail infrastructure sorted out for the sake of
>stopping spam we might as well sort out a bunch of the other pathologies it
>currently suffers from if the cost is low. I believe that the way we will

If the cost is low.  We don't want to pull a Mozilla here and spend 
three years developing a nifty new cross-platform toolkit and bug 
reporting tool when what people wanted was a browser.

>   1   Reply to sends the reply to the original author, not
>	the mailing list. Reply to all sends the reply to the
>	mailing list and to all prior authors, creating a shadow
>	mailing list

Given that most email clients have only two types of reply, neither 
of which map directly to the list model, it's not clear there's a 
right way to fix this, it would require an MUA option as well, but 
there could be a consistent list header to help it.  (Eudora has an 
option to make reply go to sender, reply-all go to list, but it 
doesn't work on all lists, including this one.)

>   2   Out of office responses getting sent to list members

That is 100% an MTA problem, and the finger for 99% of those points 
directly to Microsoft. Delivery problems are supposed to go the 
envelope from.  Out of office messages are delivery problems.  End of 
story.

>   3   I have to tell the mail client to create a folder for each list

What would you have the list do for this?  (Speaking as someone who 
filters some lists into shared folders, some into single folders, and 
splits some based on content into sub folders.)

The rest of the issues are pretty much addressed directly by the 
charter of this list.  (Well, not 4c.)

>To subscribe to a list Alice goes to the 'subscribe to list'
>option in the tools menu of her client. This generates a

And then we are back to the deployment problem.

But backing up.  If you want to block mailing lists that send to you 
without authorization, then you first need to be able to identify 
mailing lists.  So we need an authentication system for them.  And 
then you need a way to tell bulk mail from spam so you know that 
something is a mailing list when it's pretending not to be.

The one bright side on all of this, and the thing I really think we 
need to leverage, is that legitimate bulk mailers are currently in a 
position where they would be very receptive to spending money and 
time installing an authentication system.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, Asrg@ietf.org
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 23:13:25 -0500

At 20:58 -0700 3/8/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>  > From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
>
>>  > If you believe as I do that the reason genuine mail forgery (as opposed
>>  > to using a legitimately owned Hotmail dropbox) fell off dramatically
>>  > a year or three ago is related to the laws criminalizing header forger,
>>  > then you don't need any crypto.
>>
>>  We still get a heck of a lot of spam that claims to be from our own
>>  servers and/or users.  Thousands of spam blowback (spam forged in our
>>  domains bouncing back) too.
>
>Again, for the umpteenth time, of course there is some header forgery,
>but is it as much as most people claime?  I don't think so.  My guess
>is that perhaps 10% of what most people claim is "forged" spam really
>is.  10% of all of the spam in the world implies a "heck of a lot of
>blowback and other noise.  Do you have any evidence that your heck of
>a lot of forged spam is the majority or even a large fraction of spam?
>
>My jihad in this area is to get people to stop using "forged" to mean
>"sender domain differs from SMTP client reverse DNS".  That sloppy
>language thinking is like using "douple plus super duper opt-in" for
>"(confirmed) opt-in."  People use both sorts of language to mislead
>and to try to justify positions that have no honest justification.

10% would still be a pretty big number.

If you create a mechanism that doesn't account for forgeries, then
forgeries will increase.

I absolutely don't believe that spammers are not forging because
they have some fear of law enforcement over a small matter of
technology... considering that their "products" are often themselves
illegal scams. More likely, mailers that reject unmatched forward/reverse
DNS are responsible for any changes there.



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Subject: [Asrg] Filtering limitations
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 23:36:26 -0500 (EST)

From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>

> Send each user, according to whatever schedule they may choose, a
> single email containing dates, froms and subject lines of mail
> that's been filtered. Give them the opportunity (via a link to your
> quarantine server) to view or discard the blocked emails.  Or even
> provide a mechanism for selecting automatic forward (ie: based on
> from) without having to adjust the front-end server-wide filtering.

Our product does this, and it works very well.  You can also view the
queue in spam-score order; this tends to clump the obvious spam together
and makes it really easy and efficient to process the queue.

Also, our filter lets people opt out if they choose, set their own
thresholds, blacklists, whitelists, custom rules, etc.  I think the key
to successful filtering is to make it as customizable as possible.  It
makes it harder for spammers to evade filtering (everyone has his/her own
rules) and makes it much easier to sell to skeptical end-users.

Of course, you provide pre-canned settings for unsophisticated users,
and give the power users the full range of settings.

From another post [sorry, I get the digest]:

> First premise: Filters do not work better than 95%

Sounds about right.

> Second Premise: False Positives Matter a LOT

That's true too.  So you need a *very* efficient user-interface for
dealing with false positives.  Our solution was to present quarantined
messages sorted by spam-score order; you'd be amazed how quickly one
person can dispatch hundreds of spam and a few non-spam e-mails.

--
David.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sat, 08 Mar 2003 22:49:39 -0600

> But, as Vernon says, doing so doesn't need fancy crypto solutions.
>
> This could be as simple as a new header field that tells the MUA to
> generate a unique token - let's call it a confirmation token - as part
> of the confirmation reply. Heck, even the Message-ID might do.
> 
> If the mailing list s/w records the confirmation token and then uses
> it in all subsequent outbound email to the subscriber, than the MUA
> can reliably override any bulk detectors/indicators that might be set
> by the ISP/MUA/whatever.

Short of the protections offered by some "fancy crypto solutions", 
what is to keep a spammer from using the public algorithm used in 
generating tokens to generate his own?  Obviously it would result in 
a huge number of failures, but the fact that spammers now use 
dictionary attacks (and worse) suggests that they would be just as 
willing to try that approach.

> I probably being cavalier about the changes need, but they might be a
> reasonable price to pay to forever exclude mailing lists from bulk
> detectors and whitelist management hassles.

It doesn't sound that unreasonable to me (then again, I think HTML e-
mail should be eliminated so maybe I'm not the best person to define 
"reasonable"), but I think a crypto approach (preferably one that 
doesn't involve making annual rental payments to some "authority" for 
the use of a very large number; i.e., the list is it's own authority) 
might be more technically solid.

Ideally, what I would like to see is some approach that requires 
large CPU overhead for sending a large number of messages, because 
this should at least throttle the bulk mailers.  There are a couple 
of variations to this approach that I think might be workable, such 
as a mail protocol where the sender first sends a "i'm about to send 
a message" message, and the receiver generates a key pair, sending 
the arbitrary "public" key to the sender, who then uses it to encrypt 
the message, which is then sent to the receiver who can decode it 
with the private key.  One obvious problem with that approach is that 
the receiver does too much work (key generation), but that duty can't 
be given to the sender for obvious reasons (key reuse, etc., as well 
as the fact that if you're going to go to that much trouble you might 
as well get "secure" transmission out of it as well).  Thus, the only 
way it would be workable is to use an algorithm where key generation 
is fast, decryption is fast, but encoding is very CPU intensive, a 
combination that doesn't seem very likely.

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From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 00:05:22 -0500

At 20:58 -0700 3/8/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>  > From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
>
>>  > If you believe as I do that the reason genuine mail forgery (as opposed
>>  > to using a legitimately owned Hotmail dropbox) fell off dramatically
>>  > a year or three ago is related to the laws criminalizing header forger,
>>  > then you don't need any crypto.
>>
>>  We still get a heck of a lot of spam that claims to be from our own
>>  servers and/or users.  Thousands of spam blowback (spam forged in our
>>  domains bouncing back) too.
>
>Again, for the umpteenth time, of course there is some header forgery,
>but is it as much as most people claime?  I don't think so

As your message was arriving, so were three copies of this:

Return-Path: <stela_kofi@mail.com>
Received: from aleve.media.mit.edu (aleve.media.mit.edu [18.85.2.171])
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	for <....@......>; Sat, 8 Mar 2003 23:31:04 -0500 (EST)
Message-Id: <200303090431.XAA21073@aleve.media.mit.edu>
From: "STELLA KOFI" <stela_kofi@mail.com>
Reply-To: stelakofi@ecplaza.net
To: ....@........
Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 05:29:37 -0800
Subject: REPLY NEEDED
X-Priority: 1


To answer your questions from the last go-round:
	afzhg1296.com does not resolve
		nslookup afzhg1296.com
		*** can't find afzhg1296.com: Non-existent host/domain

	stela_kofi@mail.com is an unknown user
		rcpt to:<stela_kofi@mail.com>
		550 5.2.1 <stela_kofi@mail.com>... UseR UnKnowN

	this passed through MY filters because the previous hop 
(aleve.media) was trusted

	the '1' priority was probably not appropriate (this is a 
Nigerian 419 scam)

So, everything claimed about this message was forged by the sender, 
except the reply-to,
which, Nigerian authorities have made clear, will be received at 
stelakofi@wcplaza.net by
someone whose names is certainly not "Stella Kofi"



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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Sun Mar  9 00:31:23 2003
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 21:28:33 -0800

You can't whitelist on the sender address domain unless you have 
authentication.

If you can trust that everything claiming to come from cisco.com or 
microsoft.com really is from there you can whitelist the zone.

I could draw up a whitelist of 95% of the zones that legit mail is 
likely to be sent from.

But if the spam senders can forge headers then they are soon ganna
be worthless.

And yes over 50% of my spams (ones I have received that is) have 
forged headers.

	Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Vernon Schryver [mailto:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com]
> Sent: Saturday, March 08, 2003 10:59 PM
> To: Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
> 
> 
> > From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
> 
> > > If you believe as I do that the reason genuine mail 
> forgery (as opposed
> > > to using a legitimately owned Hotmail dropbox) fell off 
> dramatically
> > > a year or three ago is related to the laws criminalizing 
> header forger,
> > > then you don't need any crypto.
> >
> > We still get a heck of a lot of spam that claims to be from our own 
> > servers and/or users.  Thousands of spam blowback (spam 
> forged in our
> > domains bouncing back) too.
> 
> Again, for the umpteenth time, of course there is some header forgery,
> but is it as much as most people claime?  I don't think so.  My guess
> is that perhaps 10% of what most people claim is "forged" spam really
> is.  10% of all of the spam in the world implies a "heck of a lot of
> blowback and other noise.  Do you have any evidence that your heck of
> a lot of forged spam is the majority or even a large fraction of spam?
> 
> My jihad in this area is to get people to stop using "forged" to mean
> "sender domain differs from SMTP client reverse DNS".  That sloppy
> language thinking is like using "douple plus super duper opt-in" for
> "(confirmed) opt-in."  People use both sorts of language to mislead
> and to try to justify positions that have no honest justification.
> 
> 
> Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 00:39:49 -0700 (MST)

> From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>

> ...
> >but is it as much as most people claime?  I don't think so.  My guess
> >is that perhaps 10% of what most people claim is "forged" spam really
> >is.  10% of all of the spam in the world implies a "heck of a lot of
> >blowback and other noise.  Do you have any evidence that your heck of
> >a lot of forged spam is the majority or even a large fraction of spam?

> ...
> 10% would still be a pretty big number.

That's what I said.

> If you create a mechanism that doesn't account for forgeries, then
> forgeries will increase.

If you mean real forgeries, then there are laws and there have
been convictions.  See http://news.com.com/2100-1023-249758.html 
http://www.spamlaws.com/
and http://archive.salon.com/tech/feature/2000/04/19/state_spam/ 


> I absolutely don't believe that spammers are not forging because
> they have some fear of law enforcement over a small matter of
> technology... 

It certainly seems to me that forgery is involved in a far smaller
fraction of spam today than several years ago.  What's your explanation.

>               considering that their "products" are often themselves
> illegal scams. More likely, mailers that reject unmatched forward/reverse
> DNS are responsible for any changes there.

There's an unsubtle difference between obvious, undeniable header forgery
on 30,000,000 copies of spam and selling spamware or herbal v***** that
for all anyone can readily prove might do what the spammer claims.

Obvious, undeniable header forgery would be putting your or CERT's
address on every copy of a 30,000,000 target spew.  That would create
bounce problems large enough for you or CERT to interest the courts,
as it did for Flowers.com.  See
http://www.google.com/search?q=%22flowers.%2Bcom%22+spam

A spammer putting your or CERT's address on a 10, 100, or even 1000
copies won't do more than make you or CERT angry.  It's very unlikely
to cause any real harm, and so the cops will have trouble justifying
spending the time and money to hire someone who can spell "email" or
tell the court that you were terribly damaged.  For better or worse,
courts tend to ignore some laws involving what they consider "victimless
crimes."  To get a flavor of that problem, talk to people with experience
in TCPA actions (junk fax or telephone solicitation).  It's common
for judges to ignore the law when no significant harm was done.
(I'm not talking about how things ought to be, but how they are.)

Flogging "untraceable" spamware or pills to make your "tool" bigger
is also petty enough to escape attention most of the time.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 00:50:19 -0700 (MST)

> From: tjacobs@redsword.com

> ...
> Short of the protections offered by some "fancy crypto solutions", 
> what is to keep a spammer from using the public algorithm used in 
> generating tokens to generate his own?

I don't think digital signatures involve fancy crypto solutions,
at least not if based on a public key published with the subscription
confirmation.  

If you know of a way that a spammer can generate its own authenticating
tokens in such a scheme, you should publish it and become famous.

>                                         Obviously it would result in 
> a huge number of failures, but the fact that spammers now use 
> dictionary attacks (and worse) suggests that they would be just as 
> willing to try that approach.

Please read about digital signatures.

Brute force ictionary attacks involving a few 1000 or 1,000,000 names
are one thing.  Brute force attacks on public key signatures that
involve an SMTP transaction per test are something else entirely.
You couldn't begin to start a single attack before the human race has
disappeared.


> ...
> Ideally, what I would like to see is some approach that requires 
> large CPU overhead for sending a large number of messages, because 
> this should at least throttle the bulk mailers.

Why penalize legitimate bulk mailers such as the IETF?  
The IETF, CERT, and many other outfits are bulk mailers.

>                                                  There are a couple 
> of variations to this approach that I think might be workable, such 
> as a mail protocol where the sender first sends a "i'm about to send 
> a message" message, and the receiver generates a key pair, sending 
> the arbitrary "public" key to the sender, who then uses it to encrypt 
> the message,...

Please read about simple crypo-based authentication.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 01:03:48 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> You can't whitelist on the sender address domain unless you have 
> authentication.

That is wrong in the real world, at least today.  For example, lot of
mail has been authenticated by simplistic whitelists like that in
http://www.dcc-servers.net/dcc/dcc-tree/homedir/whitecommon

For years that page has been the most commonly fetched of all of the
on-line DCC source.  I'm not sure why that is, but I am sure that no
significant spam has used it for header forgery.  I theorize that
is because of the header forgery laws.

The DCC depends on whitelists and outfits installing the DCC usually
start their whitelists with that whitelist.  Maybe the DCC is too
small so recall that the current anti-spam filters of the big mail
providers involve per-user and probably per-provider whitelists.


> If you can trust that everything claiming to come from cisco.com or 
> microsoft.com really is from there you can whitelist the zone.
>
> I could draw up a whitelist of 95% of the zones that legit mail is 
> likely to be sent from.

For you, but not for me or the next person.  More than a few people
complain about spam from microsoft.com.


> But if the spam senders can forge headers then they are soon ganna
> be worthless.

Again, except for whitelist entries for one's own address, that is
not the case in the real world.


> And yes over 50% of my spams (ones I have received that is) have 
> forged headers.

What do you define as "forged headers," genuine forgery or the bogus
notion that is merely inconsistencies between header or envelope domain
names and the reverse DNS name of the IP address of the SMTP client?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Why content filters are inacceptable
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "Hadmut Danisch"  <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Date: Sun, 09 Mar 2003 10:03:21 +0000

> 
> I'd like to point out why such systems are inacceptable and
> a severe threat to privacy and freedom of speech.

I can see that there might be privacy issues - but any submission of an
*unencrypted* message to transport on the public internet caries an tacit
acceptance that the content becomes, in a sense, public. I can't see a free
speech issue here, who's proposing that employment of such a system be
mandatory?

>    So once a government observes any kind of a politically unwanted

In many jurisdictions I suspect this would be illegal.

>    message, it can immediately list all those people who have
>    received that particular message simply by doing a database lookup. 
> 
>    Except for the intention, there is absolutely no difference 
>    - and especially not a technical difference - between this and
>    a censorship machinery. 


Except a censorship machine is imposed, while this kind of service would be
voluntarily subscribed to, or implicit in the acceptance of a contract
with, say, an ISP or employer?


> 
>    Any kind of organisation - 
> could spoof spam
>    alerts or even fake spam in order to perform a denial of service
>    attack by poisoning the pattern set and thus getting all messages

This is a concern.

> 
>    This is the perfect invitation for abuse. Since 9/11, there are 
>    severe efforts to enforce political correctness and to impact the 

Mechanisms are needed to guard against this.

>    And by the way, not every message from a girl asking me to have 
>    wild sex with her is spam. 

I don't even get *spam* inviting me to wild sex anymore :(

>    could such a pattern filter, which requires adaption for getting
>    effective, ever be effective against a one-time-shot attack like
>    spam?

And yet it moves. Patterns are conserved from old to new spam (to an
extent).

> 
>    Imagine there were content based spam filters working effectively. 
>    Imagine there would also be a widely spread PKI and it would 
>    be common to make people's public key publicly available. 
> 
>    What would the next generation spammers do? Obviously, they would 
>    collect e-mail addresses _and_ public keys, and encrypt their spam,
>    thus rendering the content filters ineffective. People would tend
>    to not distribute their public key or to not having one at all. 

Er, no. That's just not right is it?


> While a government would never be able to establish such a 
> surveillance and censorship infrastructure for political reasons,

You seriously think that they haven't already?
Bless you!








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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Jon Kyme <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Why content filters are inacceptable
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On Sun, Mar 09, 2003 at 10:03:21AM +0000, Jon Kyme wrote:
> 
> I can see that there might be privacy issues - but any submission of an
> *unencrypted* message to transport on the public internet caries an tacit
> acceptance that the content becomes, in a sense, public.


There are several degrees of "public". 


When I receive a message from someone else in Germany or
another country in Europe, than this could have been wiretapped. 
Maybe. It would be at least a lot of overhead to wiretap every message
on the world. But if I volunteer to register every single mail I 
receive in the way "Hey Big Brother, I just received mail with hash
#######" that's a completely different story. 

If you want to actively wiretap someone, usually an order from a judge
is required. If people volunteer to register their incoming mail at a 
central registry, it isn't.


The SMTP relay I use for inbound and outbound message at least offers
to use TLS. Even if there is no PKI and the key could be faked, it 
stops a passive eavesdropper from reading if the other SMTP relay
agrees to use TLS. Wouldn't it be stupid to first receive a message 
encrypted and then register that mail to a third party?


> I can't see a free
> speech issue here, who's proposing that employment of such a system be
> mandatory?


It doesn't need to be mandatory. It's sufficient that enough people 
use it voluntarily. It doesn't matter for which reason people use it. 








> >    So once a government observes any kind of a politically unwanted
> 
> In many jurisdictions I suspect this would be illegal.


There are so many things in the world which would be illegal in 
many jurisdictions. Actually spam is illegal in Germany. Does anybody
care about? 

And in most cases it even wouldn't be illegal. Imagine some
politically unwanted message becomes spread around. There's always
someone forwarding this message to the government. Then the government
could simply lookup in a database who else has received that message.

Maybe you're not aware of it, but the US government started to collect
informations about which books people buy. Buy the wrong book in the
bookshop at the corner and - bang - you're declared as being
suspicous.

In our jurisdictions this would be more than just illegal, it would 
be ridiculous. 





> >    Except for the intention, there is absolutely no difference 
> >    - and especially not a technical difference - between this and
> >    a censorship machinery. 
> 
> 
> Except a censorship machine is imposed, while this kind of service would be
> voluntarily subscribed to, or implicit in the acceptance of a contract
> with, say, an ISP or employer?



That's the dangerous point: If you were required to use it by law,
people would be cautious and develop ways to bypass it. 
But if it comes as a voluntary service promising help against spam,
people would be unsuspicous.

The Bezirksregierung Düsseldorf required some german ISPs to poison
their DNS servers with wrong entries in order to block access to 
certain web pages. Again, nobody requires the customers to use 
the DNS server given in the PPP handshake. You can use any other
DNS server or setup your own one to easily get rid of that blockade.
But most people don't understand the details and thus they don't
get access. It's still voluntary to use the poisoned DNS server or not.





> >    And by the way, not every message from a girl asking me to have 
> >    wild sex with her is spam. 
> 
> I don't even get *spam* inviting me to wild sex anymore :(


If you don't mind to get them in german language, I can register
you to some sex contact services and you will have more than plenty of
such spams for years. Most of them even come with attached pictures in
order to give you the feeling that your mailbox is really filled. 
It comes even better if you download your mailbox through a cellphone
to give you a feeling about the costs and to help you to appreciate the mails 
as worthwile. Would you like?






> >    What would the next generation spammers do? Obviously, they would 
> >    collect e-mail addresses _and_ public keys, and encrypt their spam,
> >    thus rendering the content filters ineffective. People would tend
> >    to not distribute their public key or to not having one at all. 
> 
> Er, no. That's just not right is it?

You'll change your mind once you received the first 5,000 encrypted
spam messages. 




> > While a government would never be able to establish such a 
> > surveillance and censorship infrastructure for political reasons,
> 
> You seriously think that they haven't already?

I'm pretty sure your's did. I guess my one didn't. I was working for
an ISP and certainly would have known. If they could manage to
establish such an infrastructure, that would be the first thing 
that our government gets finished and working. 


Hadmut
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 05:45:43 -0800

> For you, but not for me or the next person.  More than a few people
> complain about spam from microsoft.com.

I have yet to see spam from microsoft.com that was not forged.

You seem to be determined to preserve the status quo here. You
don't want any mechanism to make consent an empirical fact that
can be checked independently of claims by microsoft or the 
recipient.

You deny that forged headers exist, on what evidence I have no
idea. ALL the spam purporting to come from hotmail that I have
checked has been forged. That is 100%, not 10%. Same for yahoo.
I have checked 20 odd messages already, so someone do the poisson
thing and work out the highest percentage microsoft is likely
to be sending at a 95% confidence, no 90% confidence interval.
I bet it is not very high.

What positive or constructive contributions do you intend to 
make to this debate? Or do you intend to simply sit back and
snipe at any evil commercial organization that tries to do
something about the problem?


		Phill
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Why content filters are inacceptable
To: Asrg@ietf.org
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Sun, 09 Mar 2003 14:11:36 +0000

> Wouldn't it be stupid to first receive a message 
> encrypted and then register that mail to a third party?
> 


I didn't say it wouldn't be stupid. I was just pointing out that if someone
freely chooses to use such a system, it's not a free speech issue.

> 
> > I can't see a free
> > speech issue here, who's proposing that employment of such a system be
> > mandatory?
> 

> It doesn't need to be mandatory. It's sufficient that enough people 
> use it voluntarily. It doesn't matter for which reason people use it. 

???

> 
> Maybe you're not aware of it, but the US government started to collect
> informations about which books people buy. Buy the wrong book in the
> bookshop at the corner and - bang - you're declared as being
> suspicous.


Catcher in the Rye?
 
> > 
> > I don't even get *spam* inviting me to wild sex anymore :(
> 
> 
> If you don't mind to get them in german language, I can register
> you to some sex contact services and you will have more than plenty of
> such spams for years.  Would you like?
> 

I do hope that that was a joke.


> 
> > > While a government would never be able to establish such a 
> > > surveillance and censorship infrastructure for political reasons,
> > 
> > You seriously think that they haven't already?
> 
> I'm pretty sure your's did. I guess my one didn't. I was working for
> an ISP and certainly would have known. If they could manage to
> establish such an infrastructure, that would be the first thing 
> that our government gets finished and working. 


http://www.statewatch.org/news/2003/jan/12eudatret.htm








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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sat, 08 Mar 2003 20:58:53 MST."
             <200303090358.h293wrNk017411@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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Date: Sun, 09 Mar 2003 05:34:59 -0500

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> Again, for the umpteenth time, of course there is some header forgery,
> but is it as much as most people claime?  I don't think so.  My guess
> is that perhaps 10% of what most people claim is "forged" spam really
> is.  10% of all of the spam in the world implies a "heck of a lot of
> blowback and other noise.  Do you have any evidence that your heck of
> a lot of forged spam is the majority or even a large fraction of spam?

  My (admittedly unusual) traffic is 90%+ forged.  In my less moral
moments, I wonder what would happen if I set up the MX to lie, and
force open relays to send mail in an infinite loop.

  A looks up MX, gets B.  B looks up MX, gets C.  C looks up MX, gets
A.  Happiness and frivolity ensue...

  At least until the cops show up at my door, wanting to know why mail
for my domain took down N international links.

  Q: Is this a valid use of my MX?
  Q: Am I responsible for abuse resulting from my valid use of my MX?

> My jihad in this area is to get people to stop using "forged" to mean
> "sender domain differs from SMTP client reverse DNS".

  I understand.  But one of the guidelines I was taught in Physics was
"If you can't tell the difference between two things, then they're the
same."

  As you said in an earlier message, verifying consent for such header
re-writing is difficult.  So for the recipient, it's almost impossible
to tell the difference between consentual uses of such header
rewriting, and non-consentual uses.  Since the recipient can't tell
the difference between the two, he might as well lump them all into
the same "deceitful sender" bin.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 08:59:45 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> > For you, but not for me or the next person.  More than a few people
> > complain about spam from microsoft.com.
>
> I have yet to see spam from microsoft.com that was not forged.

Search news.admin.net-abuse.{sightings,email} and you'll find reports
about mail that was not forged in any sense and by people who do not
seem to have a habit of lying.

I wrote about other people's reports instead of my own experience,
because the Microsoft spam that has hit my traps has been from
bcentral.com, bcentralhost.com, listbot.com, and listbuilder.com.


> You seem to be determined to preserve the status quo here. You
> don't want any mechanism to make consent an empirical fact that
> can be checked independently of claims by microsoft or the 
> recipient.

I think you know that is false statement.

> You deny that forged headers exist,

You know that is a false statement.

>                                     on what evidence I have no
> idea. ALL the spam purporting to come from hotmail that I have
> checked has been forged. That is 100%, not 10%. Same for yahoo.

How do you check to see that a message with Hotmail or Yahoo envelope
or header From value is forged?  That the IP address of the SMTP client
sending the message is not Yahoo's or Microsoft's does no imply anything
about the question.  That the IP address is that of an open relay or
proxy also does not say whether the headers are forged.


> I have checked 20 odd messages already, so someone do the poisson
> thing and work out the highest percentage microsoft is likely
> to be sending at a 95% confidence, no 90% confidence interval.
> I bet it is not very high.

Unless you have contacts inside Yahoo or Hotmail who can check
whether a given mail address was ever assigned to a given spammer,
you cannot compute honest statistics.

Bouncing a message of a Yahoo or Hotmail address found in spam only
shows that the address is now invalid but implies nothing about forgery.
When you leave a hotel, your previous use of the hotel's U.S.Postal
Service address does not retroactively become forgery.  Similarly,
when Hotmail cancels a spammer, the spammers' previous use of its
Hotmail address does not retroactively become forgery.  Moreover, its
continued use of a cancelled Hotmail adderss is not really forgery,
at least not for a few days, unless you can show it knows its account
has been cancelled.


> What positive or constructive contributions do you intend to 
> make to this debate? Or do you intend to simply sit back and
> snipe at any evil commercial organization that tries to do
> something about the problem?

Yes, things would be more positive if you would stick to the facts
instead of claiming that
  - Verisign has had anything to do with securing credit card numbers
     on the Internet in "PKI has been a success in the e-commerce
     space. I do not know of any case where a credit card number
     was stolen from a communication over the wire."
  - PKI for email clients has not done well partly "because of the
     unfair advertising advantage that the FBI gave to PGP."
  - C|NET is an ISP that wants its mail to get delivered.
  - advertisers such as C|NET have standing to demand that their 
     advertising be delivered.
  - "SPEWS recently listed the whole of UUNET."
  - "You can't whitelist on the sender address domain unless you have
     authentication."


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 08:21:11 -0800



> Search news.admin.net-abuse.{sightings,email} and you'll find reports
> about mail that was not forged in any sense and by people who do not
> seem to have a habit of lying.

No, you made the assertion. It is up to you to supply the evidence.
Go search some mailing list is not a valid means of supporting such
a claim.


> >                                     on what evidence I have no
> > idea. ALL the spam purporting to come from hotmail that I have
> > checked has been forged. That is 100%, not 10%. Same for yahoo.
> 
> How do you check to see that a message with Hotmail or Yahoo envelope
> or header From value is forged?  That the IP address of the 
> SMTP client
> sending the message is not Yahoo's or Microsoft's does no 
> imply anything
> about the question.  That the IP address is that of an open relay or
> proxy also does not say whether the headers are forged.

Ah I get it, you think that Microsoft would engage in an easily 
detected criminal activity and nobody would have reported it to
the press by now. That does not seem very likely to me.

I have seen more plausible stories on alt.conspiracy.

More likely is that something like what this 419 fraud reporting 
site describes is going on:

[SPAM-FREE SITE
We do NOT spam. Various multi-level marketers and other criminals have
recently sent out spam impersonating us, and having our return e-mail
address, so that people would complain about spam and cause us to be shut
down (a/k/a "joe job"). These multi-level marketers and other criminals have
engaged in this form of cyber-terrorism because our telling the truth about
their fraudulent schemes was hurting their ability to sell to new victims.
Fortunately, our ISP now recognizes that these fake spams are bogus and
ignores them, and additionally we are duplicating this site on numerous
other servers (including "hardened" servers as well as our own proprietary
servers) so that we cannot be harmed by these multi-level marketers and
other criminals. Death to Spammers!]

>   - "SPEWS recently listed the whole of UUNET."

Sorry, that did actually happen. One of the servers hit by that blacklisting
was one of our own servers that hosts a bunch of IETF mailing lists out of
VeriSignLabs. People were demanding that we move to an ISP that was not
blacklisted. We sent out messages telling people to stop using a blacklist
run by anonymous cretins.

	Phill
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 09:28:27 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>

> > Again, for the umpteenth time, of course there is some header forgery,
> > but is it as much as most people claime?  I don't think so.  My guess
> > is that perhaps 10% ...

>   My (admittedly unusual) traffic is 90%+ forged. 

How do you determine that a given message has forged headers?

Again, for the umpteenth time, you cannot compare the reverse DNS
dommain of the STMP client IP address with domains in the envelope or
the headers, with the possible exception of the HELO, to define forgery.
Mail from a Brazilian IP address carrying Hotmail sender is not
necessarily forged in any honest sense.

If you define a mismatch between reverse DNS and HELO domains as
forgery, you'll say that at least 1% and perhaps more than 10% of
all otherwise completely legitimate mail is "forged."


>                                                    In my less moral
> moments, I wonder what would happen if I set up the MX to lie, and
> force open relays to send mail in an infinite loop.
>
>   A looks up MX, gets B.  B looks up MX, gets C.  C looks up MX, gets
> A.  Happiness and frivolity ensue...

That's not how MX RRs work.  Please read pages 3 and 4 of RFC 974.  The
answer to an MX query is a collection of A and CNAME RRs.  The value of
an A RR is an IP address and the value a CNAME RR cannot be an MX RR.


> ...
> > My jihad in this area is to get people to stop using "forged" to mean
> > "sender domain differs from SMTP client reverse DNS".
>
>   I understand.  But one of the guidelines I was taught in Physics was
> "If you can't tell the difference between two things, then they're the
> same."

Did your physics teachers really say that that two things are the same
if you merely don't go to the trouble to distinguish them?  You can
often distinguish "header forgery" from "sender domain differs from
SMTP client reverse DNS" by serving checking records.  For example,
you could check Hotmail's records to see whether a given spammer ever
owned a Hotmail address.  That making such checks can require expensive
legal paperwork does not make them impossible or justify calling
mismatches between envelope or headers and IP address "forgery."


>   As you said in an earlier message, verifying consent for such header
> re-writing is difficult.  So for the recipient, it's almost impossible
> to tell the difference between consentual uses of such header
> rewriting, and non-consentual uses.  Since the recipient can't tell
> the difference between the two, he might as well lump them all into
> the same "deceitful sender" bin.

"Deceitful sender" is not the same as "forgery."
The difference is important because one can carry significant penalites
while the other is merely a reason to reject mail.
See http://news.com.com/2100-1023-249758.html and
http://www.google.com/search?q=%22flowers.%2Bcom%22+spam   


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 11:34:41 -0500

Can you state concisely in two sentences the purpose of this 
particular thread? This appears to be going nowhere and in any case I 
cannot see the relevance to the greater discussion. This may be one 
instance where content filters will be useful.

- jim


At 9:28 -0700 3/9/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>  > From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
>
>>  > Again, for the umpteenth time, of course there is some header forgery,
>>  > but is it as much as most people claime?  I don't think so.  My guess
>>  > is that perhaps 10% ...
>
>>    My (admittedly unusual) traffic is 90%+ forged.
>
>How do you determine that a given message has forged headers?
>
>Again, for the umpteenth time, you cannot compare the reverse DNS
>dommain of the STMP client IP address with domains in the envelope or
>the headers, with the possible exception of the HELO, to define forgery.
>Mail from a Brazilian IP address carrying Hotmail sender is not
>necessarily forged in any honest sense.
>
>If you define a mismatch between reverse DNS and HELO domains as
>forgery, you'll say that at least 1% and perhaps more than 10% of
>all otherwise completely legitimate mail is "forged."
>
>
>>                                                     In my less moral
>>  moments, I wonder what would happen if I set up the MX to lie, and
>>  force open relays to send mail in an infinite loop.
>>
>>    A looks up MX, gets B.  B looks up MX, gets C.  C looks up MX, gets
>>  A.  Happiness and frivolity ensue...
>
>That's not how MX RRs work.  Please read pages 3 and 4 of RFC 974.  The
>answer to an MX query is a collection of A and CNAME RRs.  The value of
>an A RR is an IP address and the value a CNAME RR cannot be an MX RR.
>
>
>>  ...
>>  > My jihad in this area is to get people to stop using "forged" to mean
>>  > "sender domain differs from SMTP client reverse DNS".
>>
>>    I understand.  But one of the guidelines I was taught in Physics was
>>  "If you can't tell the difference between two things, then they're the
>>  same."
>
>Did your physics teachers really say that that two things are the same
>if you merely don't go to the trouble to distinguish them?  You can
>often distinguish "header forgery" from "sender domain differs from
>SMTP client reverse DNS" by serving checking records.  For example,
>you could check Hotmail's records to see whether a given spammer ever
>owned a Hotmail address.  That making such checks can require expensive
>legal paperwork does not make them impossible or justify calling
>mismatches between envelope or headers and IP address "forgery."
>
>
>>    As you said in an earlier message, verifying consent for such header
>  > re-writing is difficult.  So for the recipient, it's almost impossible
>  > to tell the difference between consentual uses of such header
>  > rewriting, and non-consentual uses.  Since the recipient can't tell
>>  the difference between the two, he might as well lump them all into
>>  the same "deceitful sender" bin.
>
>"Deceitful sender" is not the same as "forgery."
>The difference is important because one can carry significant penalites
>while the other is merely a reason to reject mail.
>See http://news.com.com/2100-1023-249758.html and
>http://www.google.com/search?q=%22flowers.%2Bcom%22+spam  
>
>
>Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 10:01:34 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> > Search news.admin.net-abuse.{sightings,email} and you'll find reports
> > about mail that was not forged in any sense and by people who do not
> > seem to have a habit of lying.
>
> No, you made the assertion. It is up to you to supply the evidence.
> Go search some mailing list is not a valid means of supporting such
> a claim.

So I'm required to prove my statements but your false statements
not only don't need support but should go unchallenged?  Ok, here
is a sample report:
http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=as0jbj%246ot%242%40rainier.uits.indiana.edu


> > >                                     on what evidence I have no
> > > idea. ALL the spam purporting to come from hotmail that I have
> > > checked has been forged. That is 100%, not 10%. Same for yahoo.
> > 
> > How do you check to see that a message with Hotmail or Yahoo envelope
> > or header From value is forged?  That the IP address of the 
> > SMTP client
> > sending the message is not Yahoo's or Microsoft's does no 
> > imply anything
> > about the question.  That the IP address is that of an open relay or
> > proxy also does not say whether the headers are forged.
>
> Ah I get it, you think that Microsoft would engage in an easily 
> detected criminal activity and nobody would have reported it to
> the press by now. That does not seem very likely to me.
>
> I have seen more plausible stories on alt.conspiracy.

That is a gross and knowning misrepresentation.


> More likely is that something like what this 419 fraud reporting 
> site describes is going on:
>
> [SPAM-FREE SITE
> We do NOT spam. Various multi-level marketers and other criminals have
> recently sent out spam impersonating us, and having our return e-mail
> address, so that people would complain about spam and cause us to be shut
> down (a/k/a "joe job"). These multi-level marketers and other criminals have
> engaged in this form of cyber-terrorism because our telling the truth about
> their fraudulent schemes was hurting their ability to sell to new victims.
> Fortunately, our ISP now recognizes that these fake spams are bogus and
> ignores them, and additionally we are duplicating this site on numerous
> other servers (including "hardened" servers as well as our own proprietary
> servers) so that we cannot be harmed by these multi-level marketers and
> other criminals. Death to Spammers!]

That also happens.  That it does happen does not disprove my claim
that most so called header forgery is nothing of the sort.



> >   - "SPEWS recently listed the whole of UUNET."
>
> Sorry, that did actually happen. One of the servers hit by that blacklisting
> was one of our own servers that hosts a bunch of IETF mailing lists out of
> VeriSignLabs. People were demanding that we move to an ISP that was not
> blacklisted. We sent out messages telling people to stop using a blacklist
> run by anonymous cretins.

Why should I believe that statement without independent support?

You surely know that many Verisign domain names are blacklisted because
of Verisign's long history of sending unsolicited commercial advertising
bulk email.  (I've records of Verisign spam sent to my addresses.)
It seems more likely that someone expanded a blacklist of Verisign
domains or addresses to cover VeriSignLabs.com.

Please note that I do recall hearing that the people running SPEWS have
made errors that blacklisted large chunks of the IPv4 address space
for hours by getting netmasks wrong.  However, because UUNET has so
many numerically or netmask-unrelated addresses, I doubt those errors
affected "the whole of UUNET."  Moreover, they were quite temporary.

Note also that I'm not a fan of SPEWS.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 10:14:28 -0700 (MST)

> From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>

> Can you state concisely in two sentences the purpose of this 
> particular thread? This appears to be going nowhere and in any case I 
> cannot see the relevance to the greater discussion. 

The common claims about header forgery are used to support claims
about the practicality of various sorts of evidence of consent.
For example, the claims of very common header forgery have been used
to support the demonstratably false claim that whitelisting cannot be
used to help determine consent to receive mail at the target's MUA or
MTAs.  Talk of header forgery has also been used to support claims of
the necessity of using encryption to prove consent.

Another evil of the false claims of forgery is that they are used to
support the claim that are no significant legal risks to header forgery,
and that implies things about technical spam defenses.

If you admit that sending from one ISP with return addresses pointing
to another is legitimate, then many anti-spam mechanisms are wrong,
others are more difficult, and still other become more interesting.


>                                                     This may be one 
> instance where content filters will be useful.

Certainly.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 09:16:56 -0800

> So I'm required to prove my statements but your false statements
> not only don't need support but should go unchallenged?  Ok, here
> is a sample report:
> http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=as0jbj%246ot%242%40rainie
> r.uits.indiana.edu

That is exactly the he said / she said problem that I referred to
earlier. 

It is impossible to verify the facts in these cases. 

The author's denials only convince me that he does not remember
having subscribed. It happens. And yes companies sometimes send
spam to their own customers despite promising not to.


	Phill
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Date: 09 Mar 2003 11:27:40 -0600

In <E18ry8y-0000cO-00@mail.nitros9.org> "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org> writes:

>   My (admittedly unusual) traffic is 90%+ forged.  In my less moral
> moments, I wonder what would happen if I set up the MX to lie, and
> force open relays to send mail in an infinite loop.

I don't think setting your MX to open relays is such a hot idea, but I
do like the suggestion given previously of setting it to 127.0.0.1.


-wayne

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To: asrg@ietf.org (ietf anti-spam research group)
Subject: Re: evaluating proposals against requirements (Re: [Asrg] requirements for a proposed solution + notion of consent)
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	<20030307192548.A4583931@exeter.ac.uk>
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Date: 09 Mar 2003 11:49:34 -0600

In <20030307192548.A4583931@exeter.ac.uk> Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org> writes:

> Those requirements sound good to me, it may not be possible to satisfy
> them all simultaneously but at least they express the problem so
> people can measure solutions against them.  I've numbered them, let's
> measure a few of the current proposals against these:
> 
> a) should minimize spam to some acceptable level

I think it is a mistake to only consider proposals that reduce spam to
"some acceptable level".

For example, the proposal to have MTAs give a temporary delivery
failure status the first time it recently has seen a sender-recipient
pair may only reduce spam by 20%, but I think that is still useful.

If you find 5 independent tests that each reduce the spam by 20%, when
combined you will have reduced spam by 99.968%.  Granted that most
spam tests will not be independent, so in practice you will have to
find a lot more than 5 such testes to get that level of spam
filtering, but the point is that every little bit *DOES* help.

I like the spamassassin approach that uses many different techniques
to check for spam.  Each test may only filter a small amount of spam,
and some things like their checking for forged email from
AOL/Hotmail/etc and DNS blacklists can give false positives on that
particular test, but over all, it does an excellent job of filtering
spam.  SpamAssassin is far from a perfect filter, there are lots of
things it still does wrong, or could do a lot better, but SpamAssassin
is the most effective tool I've found.

Bayesian filters work in a similar manor.  Each word may not be a
reliable test of spam/ham, but when combined with the results from
many other words, the overall is effect is quite good.


For what it is worth, I would say that SpamAssassin would rate as
follows:

a, b, c, e, f, g, i, j

It currently fails 'd) should be easy to use' if the ISP doesn't do
the installation and also provide a nice front end to do
blacklisting/whitelisting.  (SpamAssassin's automatic
blacklists/whitelists are good, but sometimes you need explicit
control.)

SpamAssassin also requires more CPU power and disk space to hold the
per user autowhitelists and bayesian analysis.  I personally think
this cost is far below the cost of peoples' time, but YMMV.


-wayne


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Date: 9 Mar 2003 17:52:53 +0000

On Sat, Mar 08, 2003 at 10:49:39PM -0600, tjacobs@redsword.com allegedly wrote:
> > But, as Vernon says, doing so doesn't need fancy crypto solutions.
> >
> > This could be as simple as a new header field that tells the MUA to
> > generate a unique token - let's call it a confirmation token - as part
> > of the confirmation reply. Heck, even the Message-ID might do.
> > 
> > If the mailing list s/w records the confirmation token and then uses
> > it in all subsequent outbound email to the subscriber, than the MUA
> > can reliably override any bulk detectors/indicators that might be set
> > by the ISP/MUA/whatever.
> 
> Short of the protections offered by some "fancy crypto solutions", 
> what is to keep a spammer from using the public algorithm used in 
> generating tokens to generate his own?

But the public algorithm is merely a variant of rand()

The MUA can generate any sort of token it wants. All it has to do is
send the token back to the mailing list as part of the confirmation
email *and* keep a copy in some local database.

To: list-confirm@ietf.org
From: joe@example.com
Confirmation-Token: 20700621ba1d4f92de29ffce0dc98b0d

Henceforth the list/e-commerce site includes that token in all email
addressed to joe@example.com

The MUA in turn, is told that the mail is bulky by the presence of,
eg, a "Precedence: bulk" header, thoughtfully placed their by your
bulk-aware inbound MTA.  That header triggers the MUA to check that
the "Confirmation-Token:" matches an entry in its local database. If
there is no match, punt.

To accumulate a spammer-load of victims a spammer has to:

o guess the address-token combinations on a large scale
o break into to MUAs database of a lot of recipients
o intercept traffic on a large scale
o break into a lot of mailing list databases
o acquire them from an unscrupulous mailing list/e-marketer

All of these are hard, excepting perhaps the last one, and even then
they are a one-time target for the spammer as one can readily imagine
an MUA interface that lets the user discard a compromised token.

As I said previously, this is not intended as a proposal, rather it's
meant to demonstrate that relatively modest changes are possible that
reliably disambiguate lists from spam.

But, whether our fragmented and fractious industry can even achieve
modest changes is possibly the first question this RG needs to answer.


Regards.
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> But, whether our fragmented and fractious industry can even achieve
> modest changes is possibly the first question this RG needs to answer.

Changes to the infrastructure to mitigate spam are inevitable. They are
in fact already under way.

The question is not whether those changes will take place but which 
forums will be placed to influence them positively.


	Phill
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>
Cc: ietf anti-spam research group <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: evaluating proposals against requirements (Re: [Asrg] requirements for a proposed solution + notion of consent)
Message-ID: <20030309181219.GA13025@danisch.de>
References: <200303071537.KAA14788@raptor.research.att.com> <20030307192548.A4583931@exeter.ac.uk> <x4bs0ke8gh.fsf@footbone.midwestcs.com>
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 19:12:19 +0100

On Sun, Mar 09, 2003 at 11:49:34AM -0600, wayne wrote:
>
> If you find 5 independent tests that each reduce the spam by 20%, when
> combined you will have reduced spam by 99.968%. 


If a test blocks 20% of spam, it will let 80% get through. 
So a pipe of 5 such tests will let 0.8 ^ 5 = 0.32768 = 33%
through. That pipe will block only 66%. 

Hadmut





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Date: 09 Mar 2003 12:17:34 -0600

In <20030309181219.GA13025@danisch.de> Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> writes:

> So a pipe of 5 such tests will let 0.8 ^ 5 = 0.32768 = 33%
> through. That pipe will block only 66%. 

Urgh.

You are right.  I used 0.2 ^ 5, which is wrong.

Still, my point remains that the combined effect of many "low grade"
techniques can yield a "high grade" result.  Fortunately, the two
examples I gave of SpamAssassin and bayesian filters do a lot more
than just 5 tests.  ;->


-wayne

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Date: Sun, 09 Mar 2003 12:25:32 -0600

> > From: tjacobs@redsword.com
> 
> > ...
> > Short of the protections offered by some "fancy crypto solutions",
> > what is to keep a spammer from using the public algorithm used in
> > generating tokens to generate his own?
> 
> I don't think digital signatures involve fancy crypto solutions,
> at least not if based on a public key published with the subscription
> confirmation.  

In that case, I'm unsure what you meant by not wanting to use "fancy 
crypto solutions" (a quote from your earlier post) if this term does 
not include digital signature algorithms and public keys.  Were you 
just meaning no commercial solutions ("authorities") that involve 
paying money to maintain the key infrastructure?  Or do you not 
understand that "digital signatures" and "public keys" are 
applications of cryptography?

> >                                   Obviously it would result in 
> > a huge number of failures, but the fact that spammers now use 
> > dictionary attacks (and worse) suggests that they would be just as
> > willing to try that approach.
> 
> Please read about digital signatures.

I already know quite a bit about digital signatures; but your 
original post (no "fancy crypto solutions") suggested that you were 
not using them.  Apparently you meant something besides what you 
seemed to mean (not surprising, since it appears that a lot of people 
can't even agree on the meaning of such terms as "spam").  Clearly, 
someone needs to start maintaining a glossary on this topic, since if 
people can't agree to the meanings of terms it is just going to 
create a lot of disagreements where no fundamental differences exist.

> Brute force ictionary attacks involving a few 1000 or 1,000,000 names
> are one thing.  Brute force attacks on public key signatures that
> involve an SMTP transaction per test are something else entirely. You
> couldn't begin to start a single attack before the human race has
> disappeared.

Again, if you're talking about public key signatures, you're talking 
about crypto (and if you're not, then you're talking about something 
that can be brute-forced.  You can't have it both ways).

> > Ideally, what I would like to see is some approach that requires
> > large CPU overhead for sending a large number of messages, because
> > this should at least throttle the bulk mailers.
> 
> Why penalize legitimate bulk mailers such as the IETF?  
> The IETF, CERT, and many other outfits are bulk mailers.

While the term "legitimate" bulk mailers is often misused (being only 
a tiny fraction of those that claim that title), such legitimate 
users could overcome the handicap via whitelisting by their recipient 
(of course, this brings up the issue of forging, which some ignorant 
parties believes doesn't happen to any extent).
 
> >                                   There are a couple 
> > of variations to this approach that I think might be workable, such
> > as a mail protocol where the sender first sends a "i'm about to send
> > a message" message, and the receiver generates a key pair, sending
> > the arbitrary "public" key to the sender, who then uses it to
> > encrypt the message,...
> 
> Please read about simple crypo-based authentication.

If you had read the rest of the message, you would've realized that 
those won't work, since they place the calculation burden on the 
wrong party.

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> I think it is a mistake to only consider proposals that reduce spam to
> "some acceptable level".

Agreed.  And I also agree that what really matters is not the 
effectiveness of any particular scheme, but the effectiveness of 
whatever ensemble of schemes is used.

However, it wasn't my intention to suggest that we "only consider" 
proposals meeting these criteria - only that we try to establish 
criteria that help us understand how to evaluate schemes relative to 
one another.  Actually since this is a research group I don't view it 
as our job to make any firm selections between the proposals.

Keith

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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 19:01:04 +0000 (GMT)

On Sun, 9 Mar 2003, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> On Sun, Mar 09, 2003 at 11:49:34AM -0600, wayne wrote:
> >
> > If you find 5 independent tests that each reduce the spam by 20%, when
> > combined you will have reduced spam by 99.968%. 
> 
> If a test blocks 20% of spam, it will let 80% get through. 
> So a pipe of 5 such tests will let 0.8 ^ 5 = 0.32768 = 33%
> through. That pipe will block only 66%. 

Lies, damn lies and statistics ;-)

If the 5 rules map to a different part of the address space of all spam
then the filter is 100% effective. That was the point.

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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 11:57:18 -0700 (MST)

> From: tjacobs@redsword.com

> ...
> In that case, I'm unsure what you meant by not wanting to use "fancy 
> crypto solutions" (a quote from your earlier post) if this term does 
> not include digital signature algorithms and public keys.  Were you 
> just meaning no commercial solutions ("authorities") that involve 
> paying money to maintain the key infrastructure?  Or do you not 
> understand that "digital signatures" and "public keys" are 
> applications of cryptography?

I think signatures using nothing more than secret or public key encryption
are not fancy. By "fancy crypto solutions" I mean schemes such as PKI
which involve or should involve
  - networks of key servers or distributed lists of signature authorities,
  - certificate or key revocation machinery (which perhaps ought to be
     related to the previous item, but in real life seems to be utterly
     broken and useless),
  - private investigators checking claimed identities,
  - probably unexpired and possibly submarine patents
  - advertising, propaganda, and other "jockeying in the commercial space."

I suspect I'd find anything that relies on DNSSEC "fancy," particularly
given the history of DNSSEC.  I suspect but don't know that no crypto
mechanism can use DNS RRs without also requiring DNSSEC and so "fancy"
or even a fraud in real life like commercial PKI.

I suspect that some non-fancy crypto spam defenses can be designed and
(more important) deployed without global changes to MTAs or MUAs.
I think that should be a basic criterion for any recommendation by this
group.  However, I'm not yet convinced that any given non-fancy crypto
spam defense would be sufficient or even worthwhile.


> ...
> > >                                   There are a couple 
> > > of variations to this approach that I think might be workable, such
> > > as a mail protocol where the sender first sends a "i'm about to send
> > > a message" message, and the receiver generates a key pair, sending
> > > the arbitrary "public" key to the sender, who then uses it to
> > > encrypt the message,...
> > 
> > Please read about simple crypo-based authentication.
>
> If you had read the rest of the message, you would've realized that 
> those won't work, since they place the calculation burden on the 
> wrong party.

I tried to read the message, but the sense I got from it conflicted
with what I understand of public key encryption and signing.  It
suggested you knew less than nothing of the subject and I was trying
to say as much as politely as possible.  If that inference was wrong,
I appologize.  Unfortunately, rereading your quoted text above several
times does not disperse my original inference.  For example, I'm
troubled by the notion that a stranger could authentiate itself 
merely by preceding the mail message with a session key exchange.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 14:05:51 -0500

At 11:27 AM -0600 3/9/03, wayne wrote:
>I don't think setting your MX to open relays is such a hot idea, but I
>do like the suggestion given previously of setting it to 127.0.0.1.

I had to play the 127.0.0.1 game once with a domain.  My DNS server 
was getting slammed because someone sending spam claiming to be from 
ftp.somewhere.com, which didn't exist.  I wasn't getting the bounces. 
What I was getting were hundreds of DNS lookup requests every second 
from all the people trying to bounce the email.  Since the domain 
didn't exist nobody was cacheing--which meant that I got *all* of the 
DNS requests.  127.0.0.1 for ftp.somewhere.com solved that very 
nicely.  But it did make an interesting DoS attack.

Incidentally.  I've seen stats that indicate that a very large 
percentage of the lookups going to the root servers are for domains 
that don't exist.  It wouldn't surprise me if this is why.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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References: <20030309024120.9707.qmail@prefix.emu.st>
 <200303090322.h293MkTv014479@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 14:01:55 -0500

At 8:22 PM -0700 3/8/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>If you believe as I do that the reason genuine mail forgery (as opposed
>to using a legitimately owned Hotmail dropbox) fell off dramatically
>a year or three ago is related to the laws criminalizing header forger,
>then you don't need any crypto.  Simply have the MTU or MTU choose
>and record a suitable RFC 2369 List-whatever header from the confirmation
>message.

I don't see that forgery itself has fallen off.  We detect most of 
our spam using forgery detection.  However it does seem that forgery 
of random commercial domains has fallen off.  I think they tend to 
use ISP addresses more, but I haven't done a really good analysis.  A 
quick scan of my 20,000 or so spams shows 4000 unique domains in the 
from lines.  The top ones are:

+---------------------------------+------+
| domain                          | cnt  |
+---------------------------------+------+
| yahoo.com                       | 1740 |
| hotmail.com                     | 1496 |
| aol.com                         |  973 |
| msn.com                         |  448 |
| Mail.com                        |  214 |
| recessionspecials.com           |  209 |
| lycos.com                       |  180 |
|                                 |  178 |
| excite.com                      |  170 |
| free-gift-offers.com            |  168 |
| juno.com                        |  148 |
| bluelightoffers.COM             |  145 |
| email.com                       |  125 |
| clickformail.com                |  122 |
| helpfuloffers.com               |  121 |
| 163.com                         |  118 |
| GreatDealsDepot.net             |  117 |
| earthlink.net                   |  108 |

That's all either ISPs or known spam domains.

On a personal note, I know that spam using @somewhere.com used to be 
a major problem (weekly blowbacks), but has now dropped off to almost 
nothing.  On the other hand, that may be because people started 
blocking the domain.

Then too.  There were a couple successful lawsuits against spammers 
by companies whose reputation had been damaged.  They may have 
decided to keep the forgeries to domains where that argument wouldn't 
result in huge monetary claims.

At 8:43 PM -0700 3/8/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>often using addresses from the target list.  However, they're still
>not doing blatent forging as they were a few years ago.

The forging is there.  It's more subtle.  At least 90% of the spam we 
are filtering has something forged in the header, and I don't mean 
 From doesn't match sending IP--we don't count that--that's legit.  I 
don't really want to go into the details on-list.  But it is there.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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References: 
 <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A310FFDD@vhqpostal6.verisign.com>
 <200303090142.h291g5hF003760@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] PKI and Filters
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 13:35:52 -0500

At 6:42 PM -0700 3/8/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>commercial cert.  No user will spent $50 to buy a cert for a personal
>mailbox, which is why no one has a Verisign personal cert.  Cert

I was.  I tried to go from a their free one to a paid one.  But 
Versign told me I had to change my name :-)


>At 1:15 PM -0400 5/10/97, ID-Center wrote:
>  >Dear Kee,
>  >
>  >As an evaluation ID, Revocation/Replacement is not available.  To obtain
>  >another ID, simply return to the enrollment pages @
>  >http://digitalid.verisign.com/brw_pick.htm   Since our systems will  not
>  >process duplicate orders, please add a digit such as the number "1" to the
>  >end of your last name, to complete a new enrollment.
>  >
>  >Thank you for using VeriSign's Digital ID Services.
>  >
>  >Customer Support
>  >VeriSign Digital ID Center


Seriously though, you are correct.  The cost of true verification is 
higher than the cost anyone is going to be willing to pay for it--the 
benefits aren't big enough.

On the other hand, the cost of verifying that you really own the 
email address you say you own is definitely manageable (and could 
even be done without human intervention).
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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 <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303042143080.2979@shishi.roaringpenguin.com>
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To: abuse <abuse@aniota.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 13:27:47 -0500

At 6:38 PM -0800 3/8/03, abuse wrote:
>     what, exactly, are the "fed's" requirements with regard to 'americans
>with disabilities' vis-a-vis 'software'.  is that an implication, or a
>requirement of the statute.

Section 508 "requires all Federal agencies to make electronic
and information technology accessible to people with disabilities".

A number of the challenge/response protocols proposed here (as well 
as those currently in use at Yahoo and other webmail sites, as well 
as at search engines like Google) contain tests whereby you look at 
an image containing non-ocr'able text (typically it's either 
distressed in some way, or has a weird background) and type in the 
text of the word you see.  This assures the sender/presenter that you 
are a human and not a robot trying to spam.  Those won't work if you 
are blind.  As a result I would assert that any challenge/response 
system that uses such a test will not be acceptable to the U.S. 
Government for use in government funded mail software.

I don't know if providing both visual and aural tests would be sufficient.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 14:38:22 -0500


In this email, I revisit the message that I sent to the group five days ago.
While many have continued to "succumb to the temptation to add to the
high-volume small-topic flood" (as worded by Liudvikas Bukys), there has
been progress in several directions. I summarize that progress below. The
purpose of this is twofold: 1) To identify the work items on which the
discussions should focus; and 2) To provide a simple outline for list
members that have been overwhelmed by the volume and are having difficulty
following the big picture.

> Milestones/Deliverables:
> 1. problem statement/ requirements document

Keith Moore and Balachander Krishnamurthy have started a good thread on
"requirements for a proposed solution + notion of consent" (also called
"evaluating proposals against requirements").

Raymie Stata has started a good thread on "Requirements for source tracking"
(turned into "desirable characteristics of source tracking").

> 2. taxonomy of existing approaches
> 3. taxonomy of proposed approaches

I will send a simple outline for 2 and 3. Keith Moore and Chris Lewis have
volunteered to contribute to this. I expect that many others will have
feedback as we go through iterations.

In addition, a thread has been started on best common practices for
filtering. These more immediately useful documents are good contributions.
So feel free to continue conversations in this direction.

Please do continue to submit new proposed systems. The best way to submit
these at this point is as, at least, a rough draft of a paper or internet
draft similar to how RMX draft was submitted. However, we will not have the
detailed debate about the proposed systems at this point. We spent about 100
messages on this group arguing the pros and cons of that proposal. Clearly,
this is not the most productive conversation to have at this point.

Similarly, we have seen discussion about 'stamps' or changing the economic
model. It would be useful to gather these ideas into a document that
proposes approaches to accomplish this.

> 4. evaluation of existing and proposed approaches ( to 
> include usefulness, monetary cost, affect on normal use of 
> email, legal support of the solution and vice versa) 5. 
> transfer of technology (possibly through standards proposals 
> to the IETF)

We have not yet reached this phase. I believe much of the 'less productive
dialogue' on the group is from persons that are prematurely debating the
details of pros and cons of proposed systems. We will enter this phase once
steps 1 - 3 are further along. This means that, for now, we should minimize
if not eliminate the detailed criticism of proposed systems. As much as
possible, gather your thoughts and responses as input for future discussions
and documents.

> I am seeking comments on the charter.  
> -does the consent-based communication viewpoint sufficiently 
> generalizes the problem? 

There was a thread on this topic that helped to clarify the intended meaning
of this definition. Based on that, I suggest that we move forward with this
definition of the problem rather than spend more time at this point
continuing to debate variations of the traditionally used definitions.


Overall, while there is some amount of value in almost every post that has
been made, due to the volume of messages on this list, we must focus our
dialogue so that everyone can follow the more productive conversations that
are taking place.

Regards,
Paul


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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 20:50:18 +0100

On Sat, Mar 08, 2003 at 08:58:53PM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> 
> My jihad in this area is to get people to stop using "forged" to mean
> "sender domain differs from SMTP client reverse DNS". 


That's not "forged". That's "normal". Nobody calls such
a case forgery.


Maybe your jihad was a bad choice. Wouldn't it be better to 
choose a target that really exists for jihad?


Hadmut









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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "09 Mar 2003 11:27:40 CST."
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Date: Sun, 09 Mar 2003 10:01:24 -0500

wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com> wrote:
> I don't think setting your MX to open relays is such a hot idea, but I
> do like the suggestion given previously of setting it to 127.0.0.1.

  There's at least one MTA which will happily "deliver" mail to itself
100's of times recursively in such a situation.  It will then
"discover" that the message has transited more than 20 hops, and
bounce the message to itself.

  Yes, it doesn't notice that it's delivering mail to itself.

  Yes, it takes 100's of hops before the MTA notices that the hop
count has exceeded 20.

  Yes, people use this garbage software to process mail.

  Alan DeKok.
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists 
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Date: Sun, 09 Mar 2003 10:21:53 -0500

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> How do you determine that a given message has forged headers?

  I admit it's difficult.

> Again, for the umpteenth time, you cannot compare the reverse DNS
> dommain of the STMP client IP address with domains in the envelope or
> the headers, with the possible exception of the HELO, to define forgery.
> Mail from a Brazilian IP address carrying Hotmail sender is not
> necessarily forged in any honest sense.

  No, but I'm getting spam from 1000's of unique IP's across the
planet.  Each IP is sending spam with many different 'from' lines,
some of which are for non-existent domains.  Others are for well-known
domains.  The various 'from' lines overlap among the source IP's.

  The odds of *all* of these messages being consentual are next to
zero.  The odds of 90% of them being intentionally forged are pretty
good.

> If you define a mismatch between reverse DNS and HELO domains as
> forgery, you'll say that at least 1% and perhaps more than 10% of
> all otherwise completely legitimate mail is "forged."

  Sure.  But the odds are that spam is 90-99% forged in that way.

  It's not a perfect descriminator, but it's better than chance.

> >   A looks up MX, gets B.  B looks up MX, gets C.  C looks up MX, gets
> > A.  Happiness and frivolity ensue...
> 
> That's not how MX RRs work.  Please read pages 3 and 4 of RFC 974.

  Big deal.  Did I say I would use MX RR's?

  Let me re-phrase my explanation to make it a little simpler: I hack
my DNS server so that queries from one open relay get told that my MX
is another open relay.  The second open relay gets told my MX is the
first.  They bounce garbage back and forth until they decide they're
tired of it.

  Any protocol can be abused if you lie.  DNS & MX records are no
exception.

> Did your physics teachers really say that that two things are the same
> if you merely don't go to the trouble to distinguish them?

  If the trouble is too expensive to be practical, yes.

  We can't tell the difference between many theories in high energy
particle physics, because we don't have the funds to build a
galaxy-sized particle accelerator.

  Similarly, if a header is "deceitful", and 90% of such traffic is
spam, and it's too expensive to verify the other 10%, the most
practical thing to do is often to lump it all in the same bin.

  Why should I pay for verifying that other peoples traffic is not
spam, when they've intentionally engaged in many of the same
behaviours as the spammers?

  Alan DeKok.
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In <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303091858570.29236-100000@localhost.localdomain> Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk> writes:

> If the 5 rules map to a different part of the address space of all spam
> then the filter is 100% effective. That was the point.


Right.  And that brings up a related point.  If a spam test can be
worked around by doing <foo>, that is still ok if that moves the
spammer into part of the address space that other tests work on.  As
Damon Sauer says, we need to pen, trap and kill the spammers.
(Skinning is preferable to me also.)


For example, if you use domain specific DNSBLs or RMX records check
the From: header to see if the sending MTA is "authorized" for that
domain, you won't have an iron clad detector of spam.  You may,
however, have a good indicator that will contribute to an overall spam
score.  Spammers that are trying to fly under these filters may well
decided that "forging" the from header isn't worth the cost.  This
would lead to less confusion by non-geek users and would be a big
help.


Content filters that check for just the word "Viagra" have caused
spammers to munge the word in various ways.  More sophisticated
filters will detect many of these munged versions also.  If we can get
spammers to have to talk in 133t 5p34k, we have won.


-wayne

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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 21:58:33 +0100


Just a piece of reality to learn from:


----- Forwarded message from "Perry E. Metzger" <perry@piermont.com> -----

> From: "Perry E. Metzger" <perry@piermont.com>
> To: cryptography@wasabisystems.com
> Date: 09 Mar 2003 15:46:58 -0500
> Subject: ADMIN: acm.org subscribers in danger
> 
> 
> Hi there.
> 
> A large fraction of the messages being sent to acm.org are being
> tagged as spam, by some sort of highly over-aggressive anti-spam
> filter acm.org has put in.
> 
> I've attempted to contact the postmaster there, but so far I've
> failed as my attempt to get in touch get tagged as spam, too.
> 
> If I keep getting torrents of bounces, all the folks using acm.org
> mail redirectors (and there are dozens of you) will get removed from
> the list in a few days. Very sorry, but I just don't know what else to
> do.
> 
> -- 
> Perry E. Metzger		perry@piermont.com
> 
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
> The Cryptography Mailing List
> Unsubscribe by sending "unsubscribe cryptography" to majordomo@wasabisystems.com

----- End forwarded message -----
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(Sorry, item I am replying to was before I subscribed, so threading borked)

On 9 Mar 2003 17:52:53 +0000, "Mark Delany" <tcrcn-6ugsc@qmda.emu.st> said:

> But the public algorithm is merely a variant of rand()

> The MUA can generate any sort of token it wants. All it has to do is
> send the token back to the mailing list as part of the confirmation
> email *and* keep a copy in some local database.

> To: list-confirm@ietf.org
> From: joe@example.com
> Confirmation-Token: 20700621ba1d4f92de29ffce0dc98b0d

This *does* have the very unfortunate side effect of requiring a separate SMTP
DATA step for each of multiple recipients at a host.  Given that my Listserv
machine *routinely* (sometimes pseudo-hourly) sends 4K-20K recipient messages
to our main mail hub,  I'd *really* like to avoid having to fork 10K delivery
processes if one would have sufficed otherwise.  

I could probably tolerate it being passed as an ESMTP parm on the RCTP TO:, or
an implementation of RFC3229 (which specifies delta encoding for HTTP) - I
think there was an I-D on this for SMTP but I can't find it at the moment.

Now, assuming we get around the efficiency problem...

We can do better - for instance, have the MUA generate a rand() *once*,
and then the actually sent token is a keyed MD5 hash or similar of the
List: address.  This way, the token is tied to the list address, and even
if a spammer trawls the token out of an archive or whatever, he can't use
it to spam from any other address....

Major drawback?  There's a vendor of who I've heard said: "Oh, it's easy
to re-install $FOOBAR-OS, I've had to do it dozens of times on my boxes".
-- 
				Valdis Kletnieks
				Computer Systems Senior Engineer
				Virginia Tech


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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 22:24:39 +0000

On Sat, Mar 08, 2003 at 08:22:46PM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> Consider the common claims about spammers forging headers.  When was
> the last time you saw spam supposedly from CERT?  Don't you think that
> if spammers were willing to forge headers to get around simple
> whitelists, at least some would use that envelope or header From value?

FYI, spammers often forge some addresses that are seen as having
"filter evasion" value...  for example, Amazon.com is frequently
impersonated in the headers, since that's in the default SA whitelist.
I haven't seen CERT forgeries yet though.

--j.
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 22:37:03 +0000

On Sun, Mar 09, 2003 at 02:43:44PM -0600, wayne wrote:
> In <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303091858570.29236-100000@localhost.localdomain> Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk> writes:
> 
> > If the 5 rules map to a different part of the address space of all spam
> > then the filter is 100% effective. That was the point.
> 
> Right.  And that brings up a related point.  If a spam test can be
> worked around by doing <foo>, that is still ok if that moves the
> spammer into part of the address space that other tests work on.  As
> Damon Sauer says, we need to pen, trap and kill the spammers.
> (Skinning is preferable to me also.)

Well, that is the whole idea behind SA's use of lots of different test types,
after all ;)

--j.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 23:56:36 +0100

On Sat, Mar 08, 2003 at 08:22:46PM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> 
> Consider the common claims about spammers forging headers.  When was
> the last time you saw spam supposedly from CERT?  Don't you think that
> if spammers were willing to forge headers to get around simple
> whitelists, at least some would use that envelope or header From value?
> 


I have tracked back around 150-200 spam mails and not in a single
case the header was not forged. This means that I received trustworthy
statements from the domain owner, IP owner or ISP that the given 
sender address never had existed or - in a few cases - that they
existed but the user was evidenced innocent. This is not an assumption 
or conclusion, it is a verified statement of the authorized owners. 

There are very few cases where the spam is just a bait to verify
the recipients address, asking the recipients to "opt out", and thus
verify their address and mark them as a "spam reader".

From my experience >99% of the spam contains forged sender addresses
(and wrong host names in the SMTP helo command, but that doesn't
really matter).


I definitely can't understand what makes you believe that spam 
messages do usually not contain forged headers. That's one of the 
most obvious and easiest to verify facts about spam.


Hadmut 






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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 15:08:57 -0800 (PST)

on "3-9-2003" "Kee Hinckley" writ:

: acceptable to the U.S. Government for use in government funded mail
: software.

... well, that's just too bad.  the way i got it figured, imposing
standards of the government, to solving a problem, the government itself
not serious about solving, counterproductive.

    given the DCMA, 'the patriot act', and the dod's information
gathering activities, government involvement is the last thing i want to
see ...




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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Sun, 09 Mar 2003 23:56:36 +0100."
             <20030309225636.GA18076@danisch.de> 
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 18:33:26 -0500

In message <20030309225636.GA18076@danisch.de>, Hadmut Danisch writes:
[...]
> From my experience >99% of the spam contains forged sender addresses
> (and wrong host names in the SMTP helo command, but that doesn't
> really matter).

My own experience is also that the vast majority of spam comes from forged
addresses that don't exist.  I personally am using ASK, a challenge-response
personal spam filter to be very effective in reducing the rate at which spam
sneaks in significantly.  ASK works well for me, but it does have
scalability problems if deployed widely.

Erez.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: 09 Mar 2003 18:58:55 -0500


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Please forgive me if I restate what has already been discussed.  I have
spent the afternoon going through the mail archive, but I could not
possibly read every message.

On Sun, 2003-03-09 at 14:38, Paul Judge wrote:

> > Milestones/Deliverables:
> > 1. problem statement/ requirements document
>=20
> Keith Moore and Balachander Krishnamurthy have started a good thread
on
> "requirements for a proposed solution + notion of consent" (also
called
> "evaluating proposals against requirements").
>=20

I would like to comment on the first milestone.  It seems to me that
there is considerable disagreement on even so simple a matter as the
amount of spam with forged addresses.  I believe that one of the first
items which should be addressed is a quantitative assessment of the
methods and varieties of spam.  Part of this would be a standard spam
corpus against which filters could be tested.  But there should be other
quantitative activities as well.  The spam messages in the corpus are
only a part of the data.  Log file entries related to those messages
should also be recorded and maintained for analysis.  For instance, what
percentage of spam messages really do come from open relays in this day
and age?  Can anyone say for certain?  Where is the data to determine
this?

I suggest that an early goal for ASRG should be to develop and
distribute a standard set of spam collection and analysis tools.  These
tools should be suitable for instrumenting servers (either production
mail servers or honeypots) and building an extensive database of spam
for analysis.  No source of information should be ignored.  Everything
should be recorded, the message, the server logs and all related TCP
packets.

Of course, great care would need to be taken to protect the privacy of
the spam recipients.  Honeypots may be the only viable method for this
level of data collection.  In fact, I would recommend a network of
honepots in different TLDs and geographic locations.

I hope this suggestion is useful.


Fred Bacon
Senior Scientist
Aerodyne Research, Inc.
Billerica, MA 01821


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Date: Sun, 09 Mar 2003 18:23:12 -0600

> I think signatures using nothing more than secret or public key
> encryption are not fancy. By "fancy crypto solutions" I mean schemes
> such as PKI which involve or should involve
>   - networks of key servers or distributed lists of signature
>   authorities, - certificate or key revocation machinery (which
>   perhaps ought to be
>      related to the previous item, but in real life seems to be
>      utterly broken and useless),
>   - private investigators checking claimed identities,
>   - probably unexpired and possibly submarine patents
>   - advertising, propaganda, and other "jockeying in the commercial
>   space."

Ok; I think I understand what you mean by "fancy", and with that 
definition I agree with your position.

> > > > of variations to this approach that I think might be workable,
> > > > such as a mail protocol where the sender first sends a "i'm
> > > > about to send a message" message, and the receiver generates a
> > > > key pair, sending the arbitrary "public" key to the sender, who
> > > > then uses it to encrypt the message,...
> > > 
> > > Please read about simple crypo-based authentication.
> >
> > If you had read the rest of the message, you would've realized that
> > those won't work, since they place the calculation burden on the
> > wrong party.
> 
> I tried to read the message, but the sense I got from it conflicted
> with what I understand of public key encryption and signing.

That's because it didn't have anything to do with encryption / 
signing.  See below.

>  It
> suggested you knew less than nothing of the subject and I was trying
> to say as much as politely as possible.  If that inference was wrong,
> I appologize.

Apology accepted.

>  Unfortunately, rereading your quoted text above several
> times does not disperse my original inference.  For example, I'm
> troubled by the notion that a stranger could authentiate itself merely
> by preceding the mail message with a session key exchange.

Ah; that's because I suppose I wasn't as clear as I thought I was 
about the purpose of what was proposed.  It has nothing to do with 
authentication, but instead is merely a mechanism to make the task of 
sending unsolicited messages very resource (specifically CPU) 
intensive, such that the current spammer strategy of sending millions 
or billions of messages is simply not technically viable due to the 
tremendous amount of resources that would be consumed.  Right now, 
the spammers are essentially parasites, in that the resources they 
are consuming mostly belong to someone else.  The purpose of the 
proposal was to provide a "minimum cost" to the act of sending the 
email.  In principle (but not quite in practice, for the obvious 
reasons), it could be as simply as passing the sender a product of  
primes, etc. and demanding that he factor them before accepting the 
message.  As you (or someone else, sorry; I've lost track) pointed 
out, this is particularly unfair to legitimate bulk mailers, but I 
think that problem could be solved by a whitelist approach (which 
itself implies the need of some authentication and authorization 
system, which is beyond the scope of what I was proposing).
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 17:33:48 -0700 (MST)

> From: Erez Zadok <ezk@cs.sunysb.edu>

> ...
> My own experience is also that the vast majority of spam comes from forged
> addresses that don't exist.  I personally am using ASK, a challenge-response
> personal spam filter to be very effective in reducing the rate at which spam
> sneaks in significantly.  ASK works well for me, but it does have
> scalability problems if deployed widely.

How do you know that the source addresses don't exist, because your
challenge-response system gets a bounce for its challenges?  That
would at most show that they don't exist when you challenge them, and
might in some cases only show that your challenges are unacceptable
(e.g. detected by a spam filter) and so rejected from perfectly valid
and legitimate addresses.  (For example, if your challenges are
substantially identical or bulk, then they are likely to be rejected
by spam filters like the DCC and Pyzor/Razor.)

Assuming that your vast majority of addresses in fact do not exist,
how do you know that none of the spammers owned the addresses they
are using in the reasonably recent past, perhaps even when they queued
the spam on the on the open relay or other SMTP client?  For example,
how do you distinguish "never existed" from "terminated for spamming"?
Do you consider both cases to be "forged?"  I hope not.

That distinction is significant, because contributors to this mailing
list have claimed that some forgeable spam defenses are impossible,
because they believe forgery is extremely common.  Others have claimed
that spam defenses based on validating sources would be sufficent
using similar reasoning.  Both are reasons are bogus if forged spam
is in fact relatively rare, although the claims might still be valid
for other reasons.

It's also worth quantifying the total from which that or any "vast
majority" is drawn.  For example, conclusions based on 5000 messages
sent toward a handful addresses should convince no one of much of
anything.


As others have said, numbers with complete disclosure of what
they mean would be good.

As I keep saying, I agree that plenty of spam has forged sources.
The question is whether that "plenty" is 1%, 10%, 50%, or 99%.  As I
said, my guess is ~10%.  Note that I used the word "guess."  I wish
that everyone else who is guessing would admit as much.  As far as I
can tell, everyone is guessing.



Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 17:33:36 -0700 (MST)

> From: tjacobs@redsword.com

> ...
> > troubled by the notion that a stranger could authentiate itself merely
> > by preceding the mail message with a session key exchange.
>
> Ah; that's because I suppose I wasn't as clear as I thought I was 
> about the purpose of what was proposed.  It has nothing to do with 
> authentication, but instead is merely a mechanism to make the task of 
> sending unsolicited messages very resource (specifically CPU) 
> intensive, ...

That goal and mechanism needs no changes in protocols or MTAs.  You
need only configure your MTA to refuse all mail except when the SMTP
client uses SMTP-TLS.  That's easily done with modern sendmail.   In
many and probably cases your MTA won't have a cert for the SMTP client,
and so the two MTAs will exchange session keys and then do the crypto
CPU grinding required for confidentiality.  If you do have a valid
cert for the client, you'll also be able to authenticate the client.

This might work your CPU as hard as the spammer's, but that symmetry
or worse is unavoidable.  The speeds of CPUs running MTAs on the
Internet today vary by more than a factor of 200, and probably more
than a factor of 10,000 if you include systems with hardware help for
encryption.  It is impossible to burden the computers of spammers
without overtaxing some SMTP servers and some legitimate SMTP clients.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
To: "'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Varieties of spam (was RE: [Asrg] ASRG work items)
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 19:33:08 -0500

This is a good point. More quantitative rather than anecdotal data would be
useful. We started spamarchive.org a few months ago to provide such a
standard and open spam corpus. (The latest archives are not online right now
as we are changing hosting facilities, but they are available for those that
would like to use them.) Another missing piece is a set of tools for
anonymizing, measuring, and analyzing spam data. I mention this and give
some examples in my talk at the spam conference
(http://www.spamconference.org/proceedings2003.html).

Another relevant thread is one started by Kee Hinckley called "Re: [Asrg]
Back to the charter". It aims to categorize spam by the technique used to
send it.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Fred Bacon [mailto:bacon@aerodyne.com] 
> Sent: Sunday, March 09, 2003 6:59 PM
> To: Paul Judge
> Cc: 'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
> 
> 
> Please forgive me if I restate what has already been 
> discussed.  I have spent the afternoon going through the mail 
> archive, but I could not possibly read every message.
> 
> On Sun, 2003-03-09 at 14:38, Paul Judge wrote:
> 
> > > Milestones/Deliverables:
> > > 1. problem statement/ requirements document
> > 
> > Keith Moore and Balachander Krishnamurthy have started a good thread
> on
> > "requirements for a proposed solution + notion of consent" (also
> called
> > "evaluating proposals against requirements").
> > 
> 
> I would like to comment on the first milestone.  It seems to 
> me that there is considerable disagreement on even so simple 
> a matter as the amount of spam with forged addresses.  I 
> believe that one of the first items which should be addressed 
> is a quantitative assessment of the methods and varieties of 
> spam.  Part of this would be a standard spam corpus against 
> which filters could be tested.  But there should be other 
> quantitative activities as well.  The spam messages in the 
> corpus are only a part of the data.  Log file entries related 
> to those messages should also be recorded and maintained for 
> analysis.  For instance, what percentage of spam messages 
> really do come from open relays in this day and age?  Can 
> anyone say for certain?  Where is the data to determine this?
> 
> I suggest that an early goal for ASRG should be to develop 
> and distribute a standard set of spam collection and analysis 
> tools.  These tools should be suitable for instrumenting 
> servers (either production mail servers or honeypots) and 
> building an extensive database of spam for analysis.  No 
> source of information should be ignored.  Everything should 
> be recorded, the message, the server logs and all related TCP packets.
> 
> Of course, great care would need to be taken to protect the 
> privacy of the spam recipients.  Honeypots may be the only 
> viable method for this level of data collection.  In fact, I 
> would recommend a network of honepots in different TLDs and 
> geographic locations.
> 
> I hope this suggestion is useful.
> 
> 
> Fred Bacon
> Senior Scientist
> Aerodyne Research, Inc.
> Billerica, MA 01821
> 
> 
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On Sunday, March 9, 2003, at 06:58  PM, Fred Bacon wrote:
> I would like to comment on the first milestone.  It seems to me that
> there is considerable disagreement on even so simple a matter as the
> amount of spam with forged addresses.

As far as I can tell, the nature of the spam received by a recipient 
can vary considerably from one recipient to another - depending, for 
instance, on how long the recipient has had that particular email 
address, what lists the recipient has participated in, which ISP the 
recipient has, etc.  Also, the characteristics of spam change over 
time.  So I'm uncertain of the utility for this group of the kind of 
assessment you're suggesting.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 09 Mar 2003 18:33:26 EST."
             <200303092333.h29NXQ9g009890@agora.fsl.cs.sunysb.edu> 
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Date: Sun, 09 Mar 2003 14:48:56 -0500

Erez Zadok <ezk@cs.sunysb.edu> wrote:
> My own experience is also that the vast majority of spam comes from forged
> addresses that don't exist.

  Like the 100,000 fake addresses at my domain.  The annoying
"notifications" to "abuse@" about spam from my domain went away only
when I gave up, and firewalled port 25 for everyone but a tiny
whitelist.

  Before that, I had weekly fights with anti-spam people, who didn't
want to understand that most headers were forged.  Their experience
may have been different than mine, but it was a source of great
frustration that they refused to believe my experience.

  It's not just a few domains, either.  Look at the reports on this
list of people re-activating domains after 3 years, and immediately
receiving 10K or 100K spams.  There is *no* way that any legitimate
business would be sending that much mail to addresses which don't
exist, and *never* clean out bounces.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 09 Mar 2003 17:33:48 MST."
             <200303100033.h2A0XmGP003843@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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Date: Sun, 09 Mar 2003 15:01:09 -0500

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> For example, how do you distinguish "never existed" from "terminated
> for spamming"?  Do you consider both cases to be "forged?"  I hope
> not.

  To get back to the charter, this is an issue of consent.  Leaving
aside the question of how much of what kind of spam exists, having a
consent trail which can be validated helps enormously.

  For that reason, I'm not as worried about spam from throw-away
accounts, as I am about spam from open relays, or willing accomplices
hosting the spamming MTA.  I believe that the two kinds of UBE are
fundamentally different, and that the methods used to deal with them
should also be different.

> It's also worth quantifying the total from which that or any "vast
> majority" is drawn.  For example, conclusions based on 5000 messages
> sent toward a handful addresses should convince no one of much of
> anything.

  At the minimum, they're a known outlier, and a line drawn in the
sand.  They serve to give insight into the statistical distributions
in a way that the average cases cannot.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Erez Zadok <ezk@cs.sunysb.edu>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org, Marco Paganini <paganini@paganini.net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists 
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 20:09:58 -0500

Vernon, you have a number of good points here.  I'm CC'ing Marco Paganini,
ASK creator, who is currently running a user study for his upcoming FREENIX
paper on ASK.  Hopefully, he'll be able to respond much better than I could,
and perhaps quantify some of his experiences for this list.

Disclaimer: I'm shepherding Marco's paper for FREENIX, so I may be just a
tad biased. :-)

In message <200303100033.h2A0XmGP003843@calcite.rhyolite.com>, Vernon Schryver writes:
> > From: Erez Zadok <ezk@cs.sunysb.edu>
> 
> > ...
> > My own experience is also that the vast majority of spam comes from forged
> > addresses that don't exist.  I personally am using ASK, a challenge-response
> > personal spam filter to be very effective in reducing the rate at which spam
> > sneaks in significantly.  ASK works well for me, but it does have
> > scalability problems if deployed widely.
> 
> How do you know that the source addresses don't exist, because your
> challenge-response system gets a bounce for its challenges?  That
> would at most show that they don't exist when you challenge them, and
> might in some cases only show that your challenges are unacceptable
> (e.g. detected by a spam filter) and so rejected from perfectly valid
> and legitimate addresses.  (For example, if your challenges are
> substantially identical or bulk, then they are likely to be rejected
> by spam filters like the DCC and Pyzor/Razor.)

The challenges are not too similar.  They use a checksum to correlate their
original message w/ the response to the challenge.  A bounce is not used to
assume spam; a _lack_ of response to a (signed) challenge (after a period
of time), is considered instead.  The assumption here is that there are very
few cases where there are "real users" behind spam sources, who'd sift
through challenges and bother responding to them.  (Obviously there's more
details here, but I don't want to turn this email into a detailed
description of ASK.)

> Assuming that your vast majority of addresses in fact do not exist,
> how do you know that none of the spammers owned the addresses they
> are using in the reasonably recent past, perhaps even when they queued
> the spam on the on the open relay or other SMTP client?  For example,
> how do you distinguish "never existed" from "terminated for spamming"?
> Do you consider both cases to be "forged?"  I hope not.

From my personal perspective as a user, why should I care?  If the spammer's
account never existed or was turned off due to spamming, in both cases a
valid response to my challenge isn't likely to be returned, and so I won't
get to see that original spam message.

However, I do think that these challenge-response systems can overburden an
internet-wide SMTP system with all of these challenges.  That's why I said
in my original email that I think these systems suffer from scalability
problems.  I hope this list can come up with good and scalable solutions.

> That distinction is significant, because contributors to this mailing
> list have claimed that some forgeable spam defenses are impossible,
> because they believe forgery is extremely common.  Others have claimed
> that spam defenses based on validating sources would be sufficent
> using similar reasoning.  Both are reasons are bogus if forged spam
> is in fact relatively rare, although the claims might still be valid
> for other reasons.

Right.  My personal experience is that most (>99%) spam is from forged
addresses.  Marco is conducting a wider study (than just oh' lonely me :-)
and hopefully he can provide more accurate results.

> It's also worth quantifying the total from which that or any "vast
> majority" is drawn.  For example, conclusions based on 5000 messages
> sent toward a handful addresses should convince no one of much of
> anything.
> 
> As others have said, numbers with complete disclosure of what
> they mean would be good.
> 
> As I keep saying, I agree that plenty of spam has forged sources.
> The question is whether that "plenty" is 1%, 10%, 50%, or 99%.  As I
> said, my guess is ~10%.  Note that I used the word "guess."  I wish
> that everyone else who is guessing would admit as much.  As far as I
> can tell, everyone is guessing.

Agreed.

I've read some articles in popular media that claim that over 50% of all
email is spam.  While I believe, from personal experience, that >99% of spam
is forged, I don't believe (again from personal experience), that 50% of all
email is spam.  All these anecdotal or personal results are not enough.

Perhaps what this list should do is prepare a Web based survey that
interested parties can complete.  That is exactly what I suggested that
Marco do before his paper is published, and he took on that daunting task of
a user survey.  I think a carefully designed study with as many possible
users filling it, would go a long way toward defining the scope of the spam
problem nowadays.

Cheers,
Erez.
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Cc: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>,
        "'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items 
In-reply-to: Your message of "09 Mar 2003 18:58:55 EST."
             <1047254337.23557.52.camel@shamus.aerodyne.com> 
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 20:16:46 -0500

In message <1047254337.23557.52.camel@shamus.aerodyne.com>, Fred Bacon writes:

> I would like to comment on the first milestone.  It seems to me that
> there is considerable disagreement on even so simple a matter as the
> amount of spam with forged addresses.  I believe that one of the first
> items which should be addressed is a quantitative assessment of the
[...]

Apologies if that's been discussed.  But IMHO the first milestone might be
to define what spam is, in as precise a terms as possible.  Saying that spam
is "what I don't want to see" isn't precise enough in my opinion.  And I
have a feeling that many people have different notions for what they
consider spam (UCE, XXX, emails from my ex ...)

Depending of what users perceive as spam, different solutions might be
devised.

Erez.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 18:22:33 -0700 (MST)

> From: Erez Zadok <ezk@cs.sunysb.edu>

> ...
> > and legitimate addresses.  (For example, if your challenges are
> > substantially identical or bulk, then they are likely to be rejected
> > by spam filters like the DCC and Pyzor/Razor.)
>
> The challenges are not too similar.  They use a checksum to correlate their
> original message w/ the response to the challenge.

That sounds "substantially identical" as far as the DCC and presumably
Pyzor/Razor see it.  Contrast your checksum with the "hashbusters"
common in spam.


> ...
> I've read some articles in popular media that claim that over 50% of all
> email is spam.  While I believe, from personal experience, that >99% of spam
> is forged, I don't believe (again from personal experience), that 50% of all
> email is spam.  All these anecdotal or personal results are not enough.
> ...

As I think I've said here before, numbers from some of the servers in
the global network of DCC servers say that more than 50% of all email
is spam.  See http://www.dcc-servers.net/dcc/graphs/?resol=1week and
especially http://www.dcc-servers.net/dcc/graphs/comp-rates?resol=1week
Notice that those numbers are based on 10 Mmsgs/day.  The spam ratio
varies from <10% during the week for the surveyed government sites to
about 80% on weekends for some U.S. ISPs.

See also the charts on http://www.postini.com/


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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On Sun, 09 Mar 2003 14:48:56 EST, Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>  said:

>   It's not just a few domains, either.  Look at the reports on this
> list of people re-activating domains after 3 years, and immediately
> receiving 10K or 100K spams.  There is *no* way that any legitimate
> business would be sending that much mail to addresses which don't
> exist, and *never* clean out bounces.

When I decomissioned our bitnet-internet gateway, the Saudi Arabian bitnet
nodes had already been off bitnet for close to 18 months, so ALL mail to those
nodes got bounced.  Some 90% of the traffic still using the gateway at the
time was a mailing list sending to 5 Saudi subscribers.  The mailing list
had been getting back well over 200 bounce messages a *DAY* for a year and
a half and not cleaned up.  And yes, I tried the list owner and postmaster
addresses as well.  I didn't even get any joy mailing to the WHOIS contacts
for the domain.

I won't identify the offending site other than to say that they probably
should have known better, as one of their research groups are mentioned
in some RFC's with single digits. ;)


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In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 09 Mar 2003 20:16:46 EST."
             <200303100116.h2A1Gkhp010850@agora.fsl.cs.sunysb.edu> 
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On Sun, 09 Mar 2003 20:16:46 EST, Erez Zadok said:
> is "what I don't want to see" isn't precise enough in my opinion.  And I
> have a feeling that many people have different notions for what they
> consider spam (UCE, XXX, emails from my ex ...)

Yes, I'd probably be surprised to receive mail from your ex. And if it was
UCE XXX mail from your ex, I'd say "joe job". ;)

However, that *does* bring up an important - I currently get almost as much "I
saw your name on XYZ list and was wondering if you knew..." mail as I do spam.
Fortunately for my work load, the vast majority of these are FAQs that I can
answer with a canned note - "can I use your NTP server?" and "how do I get
LSOFT's code to...." seem to be popular. ;)

We need to make sure that we don't make any "prove you're a human" solutions
*too* difficult, as the general clue level out there is pretty low.  Remember
that a solution doesn't have to work just for me, Keith, and Vernon, it has to
be something that we can deploy to my mom (who doesn't mind being used as a
generic user - she's in her 60s, has had one stroke already, and will NOT be
able to manage getting anything fixed if either Earthlink or Hotmail change the
way they do things unless either I or my brother stop by to do it for her).



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From: Fred Bacon <bacon@aerodyne.com>
To: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
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Subject: Re: Varieties of spam (was RE: [Asrg] ASRG work items)
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On Sun, 9 Mar 2003 19:33:08 -0500
Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com> wrote:

> This is a good point. More quantitative rather than anecdotal data
> would be useful. We started spamarchive.org a few months ago to
> provide such a standard and open spam corpus. (The latest archives are
> not online right now as we are changing hosting facilities, but they
> are available for those that would like to use them.) Another missing
> piece is a set of tools for anonymizing, measuring, and analyzing spam
> data. I mention this and give some examples in my talk at the spam
> conference(http://www.spamconference.org/proceedings2003.html).

Hmm,  it looks as though we're thinking along the same line.  As far as
anonymizing mail is concerned, it should be possible to write software 
to replace email addresses, names and IP numbers with MD5 checksums. 
This would preserve the unique identifiers (more or less) in the data
while providing anonymity.  

The key issue is to identify all data elements that must be sanitized.
Also it should be decided at what point in the processing chain the 
`sanitization' should take place.  Information shouldn't be discarded 
until the last possible moment.

Fred Bacon

=======================================================================
Aerodyne Research, Inc.                Phone:   (978) 663-9500 ext. 273
45 Manning Rd.                           FAX:   (978) 663-4918
Billerica, MA  01821-3976               http://www.aerodyne.com
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I tuned in late - has anybody thought much about finding ways to stop
new and novel spam delivery systems?

For example, we've seen DDOS zombie farms of 20K controled hosts, and
lots of machines whacked with worm/virus/trojans to set them up as file
servers for pirated music/movies.  I'm surprised I've seen no references
to spammers using these tricks.

What would you do to stop them if they did?  Remember that the malware
has access to any credentials the user may have stashed in order to send
their own legitimate e-mail....

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In <B1F08F445F370846AB7BEE424365F00DB2EB6C@ctxchg.ciphertrust.com> Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com> writes:

>                                                  I mention this and give
> some examples in my talk at the spam conference
> (http://www.spamconference.org/proceedings2003.html).

For those who didn't get a chance to attend the MIT Spam Conference
this last January, there are webcasts of the conference available at:

http://spamconference.org/webcast.html

Since this was an all-day conference, there is around 6 hours of
webcast to view.  If you don't have time to watch all of it, there is
a time index into each session for each speaker, so you can pick and
choose.  If you want to listen to just one session, I would recommend
session #3, although you will miss a lot of good talks from the other
sessions.  For example, the talk that Paul Judge mentioned above is in
session #2.

I highly recommend watching these sessions, if you can.


-wayne

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Subject: [Asrg] Taxonomy of anti-spam systems
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 22:05:03 -0500

Here is a first draft of a taxonomy of anti-spam systems. I've classified
the systems into spam prevention, spam deterrence, and spam reduction
systems.


1.	Spam Prevention Approaches -  These systems aim to prevent the
spread of spam messages. There are fail-open and fail-closed systems.
Fail-open systems aim to detect unwanted messages; just as in intrusion
detection, there are signature-based and anomaly detection-based schemes.
I've marked them below as either [SB] or [AD]. Another useful view would be
whether systems are implemented at the ingress or egress.

	a)	Fail-Open (determine unwanted messages)
		i)	Human Determination
			(1)	Collaborative filtering (i.e., razor) [SB]
		ii)	System Determination
			(1)	Who is it from? 
				(a) Traditional Blacklists [SB]
				(b) reputation systems [AD]
			(2)	What is in it? (Content Filtering)
				(a)	Static lists [SB]
				(b)	Learning methods [AD]
			(3)	How was it sent?
				(a)	Forged info? (i.e. reverse lookups)
[AD]
				(b)	Envelope characteristics; delivery
path information [SB/AD]
			(4)   Other properties
				(a) bulk determination (i.e. DCC)
				
 
	b)	Fail-Closed (determine wanted messages)
		i)	Whitelists
			(1)	Basic
			(2)	Verified
				(a)	Authenticated sender identity
				(b)	Token supported		
				(c)	Disposable email addresses
			(3)  Used in Fail-open systems 
				(a) normal whitelists
				(b) Third-party lists (i.e. trusted sender)
		ii)	Challenge/response systems
			(1)	Basic	
			(2)	Human verification (i.e. Turing tests)

2)	Spam Deterrence Approaches - These systems aim to deter spamming
activities. In most areas of life, deterrence is achieved by introducing the
ability to identify and track wrongdoers. These systems can provide input to
spam prevention systems. Also, these systems are useful with the presence of
laws to prosecute the wrongdoers that are identified and tracked.

	a)	Authentication
	b)	Tracking
	c)	Non-repudiation

3)	Spam Reduction - These systems aim to reduce the level of spam by
making it more costly or timely to have the messages delivered.
Independently, this type of system does not aim to identify or block spam,
but simply to change the characteristics of the spam to reduce the amount of
spam. These systems can be used in conjunction with deterrence or prevention
systems.

	a)	Cost-based Systems (increase cost of spamming)
	b)	Proof-of-work (i.e. hashcash)
	c)	Rate limiting
		i)	Ingress
		ii)	egress



I'm not fully comfortable with the spam reduction being a third category,
but I am currently not sure how to better classify them. What classes of
techniques did I miss? Once we add other classes and see if there are better
ways to classify these, we will begin to build this out into a survey of the
systems in each class. I have a draft of some of this done, but I want to
get feedback on the taxonomy before dumping that on the list.

Paul
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Erez Zadok [mailto:ezk@cs.sunysb.edu] 
> Sent: Sunday, March 09, 2003 8:17 PM
> To: Fred Bacon
> Cc: Paul Judge; 'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items 
> 

> Apologies if that's been discussed.  But IMHO the first 
> milestone might be to define what spam is, in as precise a 
> terms as possible.  Saying that spam is "what I don't want to 
> see" isn't precise enough in my opinion.  And I have a 
> feeling that many people have different notions for what they 
> consider spam (UCE, XXX, emails from my ex ...)
> 
> Depending of what users perceive as spam, different solutions 
> might be devised.
> 
> Erez.
> 

Yes, this has already been discussed. Please see my email entitled "ASRG
next steps" and a resulting thread called "consent expression". 
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Cc: ezk@cs.sunysb.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 22:55:00 -0500

> (not to the list since you didn't)
 
I'm sending this one to the list.

> > ten or so spammers replying to confirmations. For the paper, I grabbed 500
> > messages from spamarchive.org and sent confirmations to them. 221 bounced
> > back immediately (invalid user, account canceled due to abuse, invalid
> > domain, etc). 17 had invalid addresses (forged as a local address). 260
> > *never* replied (a possible throw-away account). The remaining two were
> > actually "unsubscribe" addresses (someone probably subscribed to one of those
> > web-based forums for a game site and forgot to unsubscribe). As you can see,
> > the percentage of forged address *is* very high.
> 
> No, I do not see that, unless you think 3.4% is very high.  I see no
> evidence showing that 96% of those addresses were forged.
> 
>   - invalid user 
>       could have been terminated for spam

End result: Message not delivered.

>   - account canceled due to abuse
>       clearly *NOT* forged

End result: Same as above.

>   - invalid domain
>       could be forged, but could also be recently expired domains or
>       temporarily bad DNS server (e.g. Ralsky).  I recently ran script over
>       the ~4000 domains in my blacklist, and found about 10% invalid
>       according to the DNS roots.  However, in rechecking, I find that
>       perhaps 60% of those NXDOMAIN answers disagree with what crsnic.net
>       says, which says the domains are valid.  

That is an unusual situation. In the worst case scenario, the challenge would
be lost. This email would sit in my queue where it would be picked up later
during my weekly queue maintenance.

>   - forged as a local address
>      ok you have evidence that 17 of 500 or 3.4% are forged.

Those are definitely forged.

>   - 260 *never* replied
>      if an ASK user sends me a challenge, it is likely that I will
>      never reply.  Thus, this is not evidence of forgery.

But it is an indication that the sender was not available or willing to
confirm delivery of his message. This suggests (in my view) enough evidence
to queue the message for later inspection. I believe (from my experience with
a challenge-based authentication tool over these years) that someone who goes
through the trouble of composing a message will also be willing to reply to a
one-time challenge.

Note that confirmation messages have been used successfully by mailing-list
management software for years (or you're going to tell me that you never
replied to the confirmation sent by mailman when you joined this list ;)).

> I suspect many of the 96.6% for which you do *NOT* have evidence 
> of forgery were forged, but you can't conclude the positive from a
> lack of evidence of the negative.

But the point is: The sender was *not* willing to prove me that he indeed
sent me an email. Either he can't (because the email is not valid) or he
does not care for any reason. I *do* check my queue weekly and, believe me,
finding a false positive is very rare.

> Again, "forged" should mean "spammer has no claim on the address,"
> and not "invalid now but valid before," "doesn't respond to ASK
> challenges," or "IP address doesn't match envelope or headers."

In ASK's case, forged means "I agree that I sent this email and I want
it to be delivered -- I understand that all emails from my address will
be automatically delivered without further confirmations from this point
forward".

> > This seems like an interesting and productive discussion. I'm subscribing to
> > the list. I hope I don't get overwhelmed by emails (I already have around 80
> > emails/day to read from lists, office and friends) :)
> 
> I was travelling the first days the list started.  That was also the peak
> of the usual IETF announce flood of IDs, RFCs, and IESG actions.  It was
> not fun to deal with 500 msgs/day through the primitive ssh tunnel I use.

Eeek!!!

Let's see what happens tomorrow! :)

Regards,
Paga

-- 
Marco Paganini          | UNIX / Linux / Networking
paganini@paganini.net   | PGP: http://www.paganini.net/pgpkey.txt (RSA)
http://www.paganini.net | "Magnus Frater te spectat..."
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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> From: Marco Paganini <paganini@paganini.net>

> ...
> > I suspect many of the 96.6% for which you do *NOT* have evidence 
> > of forgery were forged, but you can't conclude the positive from a
> > lack of evidence of the negative.
>
> But the point is: The sender was *not* willing to prove me that he indeed
> sent me an email. Either he can't (because the email is not valid) or he
> does not care for any reason. I *do* check my queue weekly and, believe me,
> finding a false positive is very rare.

Your rules control your mailbox, so the mail you choose to accept is
whatever you like.  

However, I refuse to jump through hoops.  If, as was the case tonight,
you send me a message, I respond, and your computer responds with a
demand that I jump through its hoop to prove I'm not a spam robot, I
will silently refuse.  If you don't want my mail, it would be wrong
for me to whine, beg or jump through hoops.

No, the ASK confirmations are not as someone else said, like subcription
confirmations.  Subscription confirmations say "may I flood your
mailbox with my bulk mail."  ASK confirmations say "prove to me that
you are not a spam robot before I'll deign to read your mail."


> > Again, "forged" should mean "spammer has no claim on the address,"
> > and not "invalid now but valid before," "doesn't respond to ASK
> > challenges," or "IP address doesn't match envelope or headers."
>
> In ASK's case, forged means "I agree that I sent this email and I want
> it to be delivered -- I understand that all emails from my address will
> be automatically delivered without further confirmations from this point
> forward".

Fine, but "forged" is wrong.  In English "forgery" means "an act of
forging; especially the crime of falsely and fraudulently making or
altering a document (as a check)" (See http://www.m-w.com/ )  
It is wrong to say all 96.6% of those correspondents are guilty of
"falsely and fraudulently making or altering" SMTP headers.

This matters because people in this mailing list have been saying
"because 99% of spam is forged, spam defense X won't work/is required."
They are using "forged" to mean "falsely and fraudulently making or
altering" SMTP headers, but I suspect that their numbers are less
convincing than your's.  Your numbers are not guesses or intuition,
although they have nothing to do with "falsely and fraudulently making
or altering."


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 23:46:52 -0500

Hello Vernon,

>> But the point is: The sender was *not* willing to prove me that he indeed
>> sent me an email. Either he can't (because the email is not valid) or he
>> does not care for any reason. I *do* check my queue weekly and, believe me,
>> finding a false positive is very rare.
> 
> Your rules control your mailbox, so the mail you choose to accept is
> whatever you like.  
> 
> However, I refuse to jump through hoops.  If, as was the case tonight,
> you send me a message, I respond, and your computer responds with a
> demand that I jump through its hoop to prove I'm not a spam robot, I
> will silently refuse.  If you don't want my mail, it would be wrong
> for me to whine, beg or jump through hoops.
> 
> No, the ASK confirmations are not as someone else said, like subcription
> confirmations.  Subscription confirmations say "may I flood your
> mailbox with my bulk mail."  ASK confirmations say "prove to me that
> you are not a spam robot before I'll deign to read your mail."

I'd say that mailing-list confirmations serve two distinct purposes: To warn
the user that his mailbox will be flooded with messages and to protect the
list from mass-mailers.

> > In ASK's case, forged means "I agree that I sent this email and I want
> > it to be delivered -- I understand that all emails from my address will
> > be automatically delivered without further confirmations from this point
> > forward".
> 
> Fine, but "forged" is wrong.  In English "forgery" means "an act of
> forging; especially the crime of falsely and fraudulently making or
> altering a document (as a check)" (See http://www.m-w.com/ )  
> It is wrong to say all 96.6% of those correspondents are guilty of
> "falsely and fraudulently making or altering" SMTP headers.
> This matters because people in this mailing list have been saying
> "because 99% of spam is forged, spam defense X won't work/is required."
> They are using "forged" to mean "falsely and fraudulently making or
> altering" SMTP headers, but I suspect that their numbers are less
> convincing than your's.  Your numbers are not guesses or intuition,
> although they have nothing to do with "falsely and fraudulently making
> or altering."

OK! Give me another word then and I'll use it! :) 

Regards,
Paga

> 
> 
> Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

-- 
Marco Paganini          | UNIX / Linux / Networking
paganini@paganini.net   | PGP: http://www.paganini.net/pgpkey.txt (RSA)
http://www.paganini.net | "Magnus Frater te spectat..."
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Mon Mar 10 00:01:25 2003
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 23:58:44 -0500

At 21:16 -0700 3/9/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>Fine, but "forged" is wrong.  In English "forgery" means "an act of
>forging; especially the crime of falsely and fraudulently making or
>altering a document (as a check)" (See http://www.m-w.com/ ) 
>It is wrong to say all 96.6% of those correspondents are guilty of
>"falsely and fraudulently making or altering" SMTP headers.
>
>This matters because people in this mailing list have been saying
>"because 99% of spam is forged, spam defense X won't work/is required."
>They are using "forged" to mean "falsely and fraudulently making or
>altering" SMTP headers, but I suspect that their numbers are less
>convincing than your's.  Your numbers are not guesses or intuition,
>although they have nothing to do with "falsely and fraudulently making
>or altering."

So you've finally come around to the point you've apparently been
trying to make for these past many days without actually saying so.

Can't we just accept that the phrase "forged header" has long been a part of
the e-mail vernacular, as a signifier of message metadata whose contents do
not point back to the true sender, point of origin, and/or subpath by which
the message traveled. Such "forged headers" may point to non-existent senders,
non-existent points of origin, and so on.

Perhaps the phrase should be "forced header," as the common method of 
production of
such "forgeries" is to impose the inaccurate header data over that which would
ordinarily be placed on the message by properly-configured clients and servers.

And if we're going to be pedantic about it, it's worth noting that "forge" may
also mean "to give form or shape to" so you might say that all e-mail headers
are "forged" by server client software. But then I suppose if it's all forged,
there's no point in talking about forged messages at all.

On the other hand, it does seem that when message headers are 
_forged_ by spammers,
they're often _forced_ to bear information that is not useful in finding the
sender or other responsible parties around the sender.

I respectfully request that replies be redirected to asrg.linguistics


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To: Erez Zadok <ezk@cs.sunysb.edu>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 01:03:24 -0500

At 8:16 PM -0500 3/9/03, Erez Zadok wrote:
>Apologies if that's been discussed.  But IMHO the first milestone might be
>to define what spam is, in as precise a terms as possible.  Saying that spam
>is "what I don't want to see" isn't precise enough in my opinion.  And I
>have a feeling that many people have different notions for what they

I would actually back up from that.  I think it would be valuable to 
define what behaviors we believe need to be stopped (namely those 
that create a "tragedy of the commons") and why.  This would be 
useful for outsiders (especially legislative ones) trying to 
understand why this is different than paper mail/phone/fax.  And it 
might also help define what spam is.  I'm going to try and put 
something together on this Monday.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 01:30:10 -0500

At 6:22 PM -0700 3/9/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>As I think I've said here before, numbers from some of the servers in
>the global network of DCC servers say that more than 50% of all email
>is spam.  See http://www.dcc-servers.net/dcc/graphs/?resol=1week and

We need to keep in mind that DCC and Postini are using self-selected 
samples.  If you don't have a spam problem you aren't likely to be 
using them.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: abuse <abuse@aniota.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 00:58:50 -0500

At 3:08 PM -0800 3/9/03, abuse wrote:
>on "3-9-2003" "Kee Hinckley" writ:
>
>: acceptable to the U.S. Government for use in government funded mail
>: software.
>
>... well, that's just too bad.  the way i got it figured, imposing
>standards of the government, to solving a problem, the government itself
>not serious about solving, counterproductive.

I'd argue that the problem isn't with the government in this 
particular case (and that's not an argument I usually make), but with 
a challenge-response system that assumes that "human == can-see".



-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 01:11:37 -0500

At 2:48 PM -0500 3/9/03, Alan DeKok wrote:
>There is *no* way that any legitimate
>business would be sending that much mail to addresses which don't
>exist, and *never* clean out bounces.

That much, no.  But certainly some don't bother cleaning things out. 
Here are a sampling of the addresses that were still sending to a 
former dotcom two years after the domain had been turned off.

Return-Path: <unh.connection-owner@rccweb.sr.unh.edu>
From: Schwab Alerts <SchwabAlerts.MyPortfolio@Schwab.com>
Return-Path: 
<afterthebell-html-return-423-emallen=netcentric.com@marketwatchmail.com>
Return-Path: <TechTarget-23EC2830965A818B@lists.techtarget.com>
Return-Path: <nlsystem@maillist.newsfactor.com>
Return-Path: <offers@rate.quicken.com>
From: Adobe Systems Incorporated <Adobe-112161-5806@adobe.mx0.net>

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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 <200303100033.h2A0XmGP003843@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 01:37:02 -0500

At 5:33 PM -0700 3/9/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>As I keep saying, I agree that plenty of spam has forged sources.
>The question is whether that "plenty" is 1%, 10%, 50%, or 99%.  As I
>said, my guess is ~10%.  Note that I used the word "guess."  I wish
>that everyone else who is guessing would admit as much.  As far as I
>can tell, everyone is guessing.

We filter spam based solely on forged headers and private blacklists 
plus user preferences.  The number of those messages that have 
something faked is well over 50%.  We aren't currently logging all 
the triggers on every spam message, so I can't give you exact 
numbers.  But it certainly was the case last fall.  Remember though 
that there are lots of headers can you can badly fake in a 
message--not just the routing ones.  We're looking at the entire set 
of headers.

As another data point.  16% of the 100 million messages somewhere.com 
bounced last year were bounced because they had return-path's that 
didn't pass basic validation (e.g. no MX, invalid domain...).  That's 
before anything even *got* to the spam filters.

Now I will grant that it's possible that the guy who sent email from 
Russia through a server in Italy in order to spam me in the United 
States actually *did* have a Hotmail account at the time the first 
message was sent.  I don't know why he would have bothered, but it's 
possible.

Can you explain why you think that person would have set up an 
account just so that it could get shut down immediately?  And why you 
think this matters?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists 
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--==_Exmh_704416188P
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On Sun, 09 Mar 2003 23:46:52 EST, Marco Paganini said:

> I'd say that mailing-list confirmations serve two distinct purposes: To warn
> the user that his mailbox will be flooded with messages and to protect the
> list from mass-mailers.

The original (and still valid) reason for these was to catch people who
tried to subscribe using misconfigured MUAs.  Many are the times these
have kept 'YOURUSER@YOUR-SITE-GOES-HERE.COM' off my lists. ;)

/Valdis (who sees at least 4-5 mails from 'YOURPID@vt.edu' a week ;)

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists 
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On Mon, 10 Mar 2003 01:37:02 EST, Kee Hinckley said:
> We filter spam based solely on forged headers and private blacklists 
> plus user preferences.  The number of those messages that have 
> something faked is well over 50%. 

OK.. it's been 2 decades since I took statisics, and I've *mostly*
recovered from being a math/physics major, but...

All this says is that if you didn't filter on blacklists and user prefs,
that 100% of the mail that you tagged as having forged headers have forged
headers.  Addition of the other 2 criteria water it down to "over 50%".

Problem 1)  There's no indication of what percent of mail with forged
headers was actually spam - and without your definition of what counts
as "forged", it's hard to tell.  I know that *this* laptop has sent some
rather squirrelly headers when I'm travelling and borrowing some net access.

Problem 2) There's no indication of what percent of your total mail volume
got tagged as "forged headers".  If it's 1% of your total or 40% of your
total is important, as they have different implications for what solutions
have to be able to do...

Problem 3) There's no indication of what sorts of overlaps there are between
the forged, blacklist, and preferences.  If most of the mail that's forged
is *also* being hit by blacklist and/or preferences, then maybe checking for
forged headers isn't productive.  If it's catching lots of spam that your
blacklists and preferences aren't catching, maybe that's indicative of problems
with those two schemes...

(And no Kee, I'm not picking on you in particular - I didn't accept Vernon's
DCC numbers at face value either.  Nobody here uses the same methodology,
and it's hard to avoid comparing apples to oranges without asking what
sort of seeds were planted in both cases....

/Valdis

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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 08:31:54 +0000 (GMT)

On Sun, 9 Mar 2003, Paul Judge wrote:

> I'm not fully comfortable with the spam reduction being a third category,
> but I am currently not sure how to better classify them. What classes of
> techniques did I miss?

Re-writing SMTP (e.g. IM2000). (and no, I'm not advocating that approach).

Matt.

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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 00:32:53 -0800 (PST)

on "3-10-2003" "Kee Hinckley" writ:

: a challenge-response system that assumes that "human == can-see".

... that, is a secondary assumption.  the primary, is one in which the
ability to 'read' made.

    that sounds perposterous (sp et al), howeever, it offers a
fundamental premise.  a certain level of 'experience' is required to use
the offerings of the internet.  those of us with visual 'handicaps' do
what has to be done, to get done, what needs doing.  others of us, may
not have the 'abiilty' or 'willingness' to do that.
    now, 'mandating' a standards 'change' for the benefit of a miniscule
population, who may not even benefit from it, is not a prudent design
decision.  in my opinion, any change in standards is going to offer
minimal long term benefits ...



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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 08:51:49 +0000 (GMT)

On Sun, 9 Mar 2003, Marco Paganini wrote:

> But it is an indication that the sender was not available or willing to
> confirm delivery of his message. This suggests (in my view) enough evidence
> to queue the message for later inspection. I believe (from my experience with
> a challenge-based authentication tool over these years) that someone who goes
> through the trouble of composing a message will also be willing to reply to a
> one-time challenge.

On the contrary. If I've spent the time to compose an email to someone the 
last thing I want is a bounce back of *any* sort - be it a vacation 
message, an answering machine, or a challenge system.

The infuriate me, and I never respond to them.

Also witness the SpamArrest situation. I bet that we'll see less and less 
people responding to challenge systems because they fear they will be 
spammed at some point in the future by the company running the system.

Matt.

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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 09:03:24 +0000 (GMT)

Whoever is subscribed at pop.snert.net can you please either whitelist 
this list or turn off your filter? Almost every mail I've posted to this 
list now has resulted in a response from root@pop.snert.net saying my mail 
has been detected as spam and discarded. I've blackholed that address now, 
but it has really gotten on my nerves given the context.

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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 23:05:35 -0800 (PST)

Could add the following into
a. ii. 3 ..
  Callback email address verification (i.e. verify email address is valid 
on calling server),as in Keith Moor's code or new postfix code

   Also actual callback pickup (not actually implemented but proposed couple
times, including in drafts) might require its own category or go also 
into "how was it sent" a. ii. 3.

   Also there several other not-implimented approaches (and you did include 
hashcash in your list, so I assume its ok) such as message tracking server
and similar ideas of having mail servers keep track of what emails came 
from it and receiving system being able to verify that (also similar to 
callback but verification is not just based on actual email address but 
both email address, messageid and date).

  And its unclear what category below it belongs to (or if it belongs among
"spam fighting" at all) is web pickup - i.e. only notification of email 
is sent and the actual email is hold at particular emailbox.

I'll think of some more staff if I go through my notes tomorrow.

Oh, almost forgot - I do not see simple catch-spam email accounts (which I 
use), i.e. special email accounts, not ever used for actual communication 
but advertised couple times on newsnet and embedded on website and 
anything coming into it is considered spam and email is then searches in 
your other accounts and same messages as in catch-spam removed. To be 
honest I actually use this simple approach and it works fairly well.
 
On Sun, 9 Mar 2003, Paul Judge wrote:

> Here is a first draft of a taxonomy of anti-spam systems. I've classified
> the systems into spam prevention, spam deterrence, and spam reduction
> systems.
> 
> 
> 1.	Spam Prevention Approaches -  These systems aim to prevent the
> spread of spam messages. There are fail-open and fail-closed systems.
> Fail-open systems aim to detect unwanted messages; just as in intrusion
> detection, there are signature-based and anomaly detection-based schemes.
> I've marked them below as either [SB] or [AD]. Another useful view would be
> whether systems are implemented at the ingress or egress.
> 
> 	a)	Fail-Open (determine unwanted messages)
> 		i)	Human Determination
> 			(1)	Collaborative filtering (i.e., razor) [SB]
> 		ii)	System Determination
> 			(1)	Who is it from? 
> 				(a) Traditional Blacklists [SB]
> 				(b) reputation systems [AD]
> 			(2)	What is in it? (Content Filtering)
> 				(a)	Static lists [SB]
> 				(b)	Learning methods [AD]
> 			(3)	How was it sent?
> 				(a)	Forged info? (i.e. reverse lookups)
> [AD]
> 				(b)	Envelope characteristics; delivery
> path information [SB/AD]
> 			(4)   Other properties
> 				(a) bulk determination (i.e. DCC)
> 				
>  
> 	b)	Fail-Closed (determine wanted messages)
> 		i)	Whitelists
> 			(1)	Basic
> 			(2)	Verified
> 				(a)	Authenticated sender identity
> 				(b)	Token supported		
> 				(c)	Disposable email addresses
> 			(3)  Used in Fail-open systems 
> 				(a) normal whitelists
> 				(b) Third-party lists (i.e. trusted sender)
> 		ii)	Challenge/response systems
> 			(1)	Basic	
> 			(2)	Human verification (i.e. Turing tests)
> 
> 2)	Spam Deterrence Approaches - These systems aim to deter spamming
> activities. In most areas of life, deterrence is achieved by introducing the
> ability to identify and track wrongdoers. These systems can provide input to
> spam prevention systems. Also, these systems are useful with the presence of
> laws to prosecute the wrongdoers that are identified and tracked.
> 
> 	a)	Authentication
> 	b)	Tracking
> 	c)	Non-repudiation
> 
> 3)	Spam Reduction - These systems aim to reduce the level of spam by
> making it more costly or timely to have the messages delivered.
> Independently, this type of system does not aim to identify or block spam,
> but simply to change the characteristics of the spam to reduce the amount of
> spam. These systems can be used in conjunction with deterrence or prevention
> systems.
> 
> 	a)	Cost-based Systems (increase cost of spamming)
> 	b)	Proof-of-work (i.e. hashcash)
> 	c)	Rate limiting
> 		i)	Ingress
> 		ii)	egress
> 
> 
> 
> I'm not fully comfortable with the spam reduction being a third category,
> but I am currently not sure how to better classify them. What classes of
> techniques did I miss? Once we add other classes and see if there are better
> ways to classify these, we will begin to build this out into a survey of the
> systems in each class. I have a draft of some of this done, but I want to
> get feedback on the taxonomy before dumping that on the list.
> 
> Paul
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
---
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net

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Subject: [Asrg] What would consent look like?
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 10:45:34 +0000

I'd be interested to know if anyone thinks this is a stoopid idea 
- so I don't waste any effort on it.  Be warned, there's a fair
amount of hand-waving below.
 
Consent might look something like this:

applies-to:  user@domain.example
classes:     set of message classifications
access:      allow | deny 
scope:       local | organisational | global


I (or my MUA) compose such a token and the infrastructure
propagates it subject to the scope field.

i.e. if scope is "local" it probably doesn't propagate beyond 
my MUA and this is equivalent to setting user preferences for 
the application.

If scope is "organisational" then this consent is propagated 
only to (or made available to) my organisations mail infrastructure.

"global" ... you get the picture

I can generate many (or none) such tokens.
They can be "folded together" in some way.
The applies-to field could be wild-carded (*@domain.example)


The token is authenticated by some method. 
  Perhaps by mail-back to (and reply from)
  the address it applies to. This would only happen once
  for each token.
  Or perhaps it's signed.
  Or perhaps it's authenticated by some local or organisational
   "special knowledge".

Propagation is secure.
    This would require signing I guess, but would only need to be 
    signed per domain (per organisation?).  
    We don't *need* a key per recipient addresses.

The sender need not (if malevolent - won't) consult the consent
infrastructure.

Intermediate systems (relays) should consult but wouldn't be
required to.

My organisational mail systems will probably (but can't be 
required to) consult.

My MUA will always consult. Or I get one that does.

Any agent that consults must be able to make a classification of 
the message (or be able to access an acceptable, verified 
classification). Perhaps a (signed) classification set can be 
transported with the message?

I don't propose an implementation for the consent infrastructure.

I believe it's interesting because it doesn't 
require all the entities to be capable of signing stuff, seems 
capable of "covering" current systems and something along these
lines might be deployed incrementally.
"Filtering" on the basis of consent / classification will occur 
as near source as possible (as far away from me as I allow 
- via scope).

It does, of course, rely on an accepted system of message 
classification. In the absence of which it's useless. Oh well :-)









--
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Erez Zadok <ezk@cs.sunysb.edu>
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 12:01:29 +0100

On Sun, Mar 09, 2003 at 08:09:58PM -0500, Erez Zadok wrote:
> is forged, I don't believe (again from personal experience), that 50% of all
> email is spam.

That completely depends on the use of email.

I find 5-15 spam mails in my mailbox every day, which is significantly
less than 10% of my email traffic (even without the  asrg list). 


On the other hand, I know some people who rarely use e-mail, who
don't subscribe to mailing lists, don't use e-mail for professional
just for private purposes. Their main use of the internet is
webbrowsing. Since they are not experienced and not security aware, 
they enter their e-mail address just on every web form that asks
to do so. They receive tons of spam and very few
non-spam. Significantly more than 90% of their incoming mail is spam.
Some of them even have capitulated and don't open their mailbox
anymore.



Another question is: How do you count the fraction of spam? Number
of mails or content size? 


The spam messages I do receive are getting bigger and bigger. Lot's of 
spam messages come with large pictures, powerpoint presentations,
PDF or Word documents. For someone who usually receives just a few simple
text messages from friends, a single spam message of that sort 
could be 98% of the monthly mail traffic.

Hadmut
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 13:04:26 +0000

On Sun, Mar 09, 2003 at 08:53:17PM -0500, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:
> We need to make sure that we don't make any "prove you're a human" solutions
> *too* difficult, as the general clue level out there is pretty low.  Remember
> that a solution doesn't have to work just for me, Keith, and Vernon, it has to
> be something that we can deploy to my mom (who doesn't mind being used as a
> generic user - she's in her 60s, has had one stroke already, and will NOT be
> able to manage getting anything fixed if either Earthlink or Hotmail change the
> way they do things unless either I or my brother stop by to do it for her).

Important point: it also has to work for some automated mail, e.g. dot-com
reservation notices, confirmations, and receipts.  So "prove you're a human"
may be difficult in this case. ;)

--j.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Taxonomy  (Four oracles model)
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 15:07:10 +0100

Hi,

I'd like to propose a different structure for a taxonomy:


Based on the process of receiving a message and filtering out spam,
I'd like to use a model of (at least) 4 stages, where every stage
is seen as a simple question to an opaque (black box) oracle. The
taxonomy would be based on which of these four oracles the method
applies to and how it is implemented:




- First stage: We receive(d) a message, feed that message and all
  connection information to the first oracle and ask:
   
    "What do we know about the sender/origin/history of that message?"

  The oracle will tell us any information and whether this is 
  reliable. Example methods:


      * All we now is the sender address given in the header, 
        but not reliable (simplest case i.e. no implementation)

      * We know the sender identity reliable (e.g. e-mail was
        digitally signed)

      * We had a sender indentity which is doubtable (e.g. 
        digitial signature failed to verify)

      * We know that the sender's IP address was authorized
        so send by the domain's administration (RMX alike approach)

      * We know that the sender replied to a former message or
        successfully used some secret (cookie, challenge, nonce...)




- Second stage: We feed the message and the first oracle's answer to 
  the second oracle and ask:

    "Is that message spam?"

  The oracle will tell us "Yes", "No", "I have no idea", maybe a
  probability.

  Example methods:

      * All content analysis methods, pattern matchers, statistical 
        methods

      * Is Sender/Subject black- and whitelisted?

      * Do we accept forged/anonymous mail? What about messages with
        signatures that don't verify?

      * Has anyone else received a similar message? 



- Third stage: We feed the message and the answers of the first and 
  second oracle's answers to the third oracle and ask:

     "What do we do with that particular message?"

  Example methods:

      * accept, reject, drop

      * keep in memory, send a challenge, wait for reply

      * Add special header information

      * forward to a random e-mail address or the asrg mailing list




- Fourth stage: We feed the message and the former answers to 
  the fourth oracle and ask:

     "How do we react, what (c|sh)ould we do to prepare for future, to
      improve the first three oracles, to make the sender stop?"

  Examples

      * do nothing

      * black-/whitelist the sender

      * black-/whitelist the domain authority or certificate issuer

      * inform legal authorities/ISP/domain authority

      * let the spamfilter "learn" (when it's former answer was wrong)

      * add message to spam database

      * sue the sender or send him 10 copies of each linux kernel 
        developed so far

      * send the assassination squad to the sender






Every method discussed so far finds it's place somewhere in this
model. When we have put all proposed methods and principles into 
that model, we can discuss implementations.

Once we found which methods and implementations are desireable, 
we then can discuss whether they fit in today's SMTP or whether
we need a new transport protocol and how it should look like.

And it makes it easier to see that some proposals do not 
exclude each other or do not compete, since they are located
at different stages. They could complement each other.

Hadmut

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Date: 10 Mar 2003 08:22:53 -0600

In <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303100848160.30507-100000@localhost.localdomain> Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk> writes:

> On Sun, 9 Mar 2003, Marco Paganini wrote:
> 
> >                                    I believe (from my experience with
> > a challenge-based authentication tool over these years) that someone who goes
> > through the trouble of composing a message will also be willing to reply to a
> > one-time challenge.
> 
> On the contrary. If I've spent the time to compose an email to someone the 
> last thing I want is a bounce back of *any* sort - be it a vacation 
> message, an answering machine, or a challenge system.
> 
> The infuriate me, and I never respond to them.


Two comments on these "prove you are human" type challenge systems:

First, spamcop.net used to use this system for their email accounts
but dropped it as not being practical.  Things may have changed in the
couple of years since they were doing this, people may be more
understanding about the spam problem and why they are being
challenged, but I kind of doubt it.


Secondly, my ISP recently started to offer this kind of system for a
bargain price of only $1/mo! (sigh)  Their argument for it was it is
great for people who want zero spam, such as accounts for kids.  There
*are* people out there that consider a false negative to be as bad, if
not worse, than a false positive.


-wayne

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From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
To: "'Hadmut Danisch'" <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: "'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Taxonomy  (Four oracles model)
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 09:41:29 -0500



While at first glance, this model sounds interesting, I don't believe that
it offers enough structure to allow us to compare anti-spam systems. For
example the second stage of your taxonomy asks "is this message spam?". I
believe that is a broad bucket and would include the 20 or so subclasses
presented in the spam prevention section of my taxonomy. Therefore, I don't
see the value of this broad bucket. Also, the first stage of your taxonomy
is covered in 1.a.ii.1 and 1.a.ii.3 of the original taxonomy. 

Also, the last two stages of your taxonomy do not deal with spam
identification, but spam response once spam has been identified. Usually,
when I think about anti-spam systems, I think that there is an
identification component and a response component that deals with that
particular message and might perform some passive or even active response.

So, I would not move to this four stage model because the first two stages
are too broad and do not provide any real classification. However, I will
use this note as a reminder that we should also provide a classification of
spam response systems. I will follow-up with an outline of such. I would use
what you have sent, but it only lists examples and does not classify them.

Paul


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hadmut Danisch [mailto:hadmut@danisch.de] 
> Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 9:07 AM
> To: Paul Judge
> Cc: 'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Taxonomy (Four oracles model)
> 
> 
> Hi,
> 
> I'd like to propose a different structure for a taxonomy:
> 
> 
> Based on the process of receiving a message and filtering out 
> spam, I'd like to use a model of (at least) 4 stages, where 
> every stage is seen as a simple question to an opaque (black 
> box) oracle. The taxonomy would be based on which of these 
> four oracles the method applies to and how it is implemented:
> 
> 
> 
> 
> - First stage: We receive(d) a message, feed that message and all
>   connection information to the first oracle and ask:
>    
>     "What do we know about the sender/origin/history of that message?"
> 
>   The oracle will tell us any information and whether this is 
>   reliable. Example methods:
> 
> 
>       * All we now is the sender address given in the header, 
>         but not reliable (simplest case i.e. no implementation)
> 
>       * We know the sender identity reliable (e.g. e-mail was
>         digitally signed)
> 
>       * We had a sender indentity which is doubtable (e.g. 
>         digitial signature failed to verify)
> 
>       * We know that the sender's IP address was authorized
>         so send by the domain's administration (RMX alike approach)
> 
>       * We know that the sender replied to a former message or
>         successfully used some secret (cookie, challenge, nonce...)
> 
> 
> 
> 
> - Second stage: We feed the message and the first oracle's answer to 
>   the second oracle and ask:
> 
>     "Is that message spam?"
> 
>   The oracle will tell us "Yes", "No", "I have no idea", maybe a
>   probability.
> 
>   Example methods:
> 
>       * All content analysis methods, pattern matchers, statistical 
>         methods
> 
>       * Is Sender/Subject black- and whitelisted?
> 
>       * Do we accept forged/anonymous mail? What about messages with
>         signatures that don't verify?
> 
>       * Has anyone else received a similar message? 
> 
> 
> 
> - Third stage: We feed the message and the answers of the first and 
>   second oracle's answers to the third oracle and ask:
> 
>      "What do we do with that particular message?"
> 
>   Example methods:
> 
>       * accept, reject, drop
> 
>       * keep in memory, send a challenge, wait for reply
> 
>       * Add special header information
> 
>       * forward to a random e-mail address or the asrg mailing list
> 
> 
> 
> 
> - Fourth stage: We feed the message and the former answers to 
>   the fourth oracle and ask:
> 
>      "How do we react, what (c|sh)ould we do to prepare for future, to
>       improve the first three oracles, to make the sender stop?"
> 
>   Examples
> 
>       * do nothing
> 
>       * black-/whitelist the sender
> 
>       * black-/whitelist the domain authority or certificate issuer
> 
>       * inform legal authorities/ISP/domain authority
> 
>       * let the spamfilter "learn" (when it's former answer was wrong)
> 
>       * add message to spam database
> 
>       * sue the sender or send him 10 copies of each linux kernel 
>         developed so far
> 
>       * send the assassination squad to the sender
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> Every method discussed so far finds it's place somewhere in 
> this model. When we have put all proposed methods and principles into 
> that model, we can discuss implementations.
> 
> Once we found which methods and implementations are desireable, 
> we then can discuss whether they fit in today's SMTP or 
> whether we need a new transport protocol and how it should look like.
> 
> And it makes it easier to see that some proposals do not 
> exclude each other or do not compete, since they are located
> at different stages. They could complement each other.
> 
> Hadmut
> 
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] What would consent look like?
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On Mon, 10 Mar 2003 10:45:34 +0000
"Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com> wrote:

> I'd be interested to know if anyone thinks this is a stoopid idea 
> - so I don't waste any effort on it.  Be warned, there's a fair
> amount of hand-waving below.
>  
> Consent might look something like this:
> 
> applies-to:  user@domain.example
> classes:     set of message classifications
> access:      allow | deny 
> scope:       local | organisational | global

well, my initial reaction is that for 'applies-to' you need to be clear
about what this means.  is it:

a. the address that appears in the From field (regardless of who
   actually sent the message)
b. the address that appears in SMTP MAIL FROM / Return-Path
   (regardless of who actually sent the message)
c. the address that sent the message (assuming some way to
   identify/authenticate that party)
d. some other address
e. more than one of a-d

here's what I think consent looks like.  this would be placed on a
net-accessible server in some place where it could be found using
the address moore@cs.utk.edu - probably you'd do a dns lookup
for {something}.cs.utk.edu and get the address of a server that
could answer queries of the form "give me the consent statement
for recipient moore@cs.utk.edu".  which would return something
like the following (in a well-defined, machine-readable format)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
recipient moore@cs.utk.edu consents to having messages matching any
of the following criteria not delivered normally, with the following 
actions taken:

a) any message with more than 5 non-ASCII characters in the subject field
   (action=discard)
b) any message with a MAIL FROM address that is invalid (action=discard)
c) any message with a From header address that is invalid
   (illegal syntax, no such domain, or fails SMTP check)
   (action=bounce)
d) any message containing an attachment with a filename attribute ending
   in .com, .exe, .pif, or .bat
   (action=discard)
e) any message with a From header address or MAIL FROM address matching
   JimFleming@ameritech.net 
   (action=discard)
f) any message containing the regexp
   /See.http://cr\.yp\.to/docs/copies\.html\./
   (action=discard)
g) any message which is entirely in some other language besides English
   (action=bounce)
h) any message that SpamAssasin rates higher than 8 (action=bounce)
i) any message from a sender-id whose issuer is in my whitelist
   (action=deliver)
j) any message from a sender-id whose ISP has declared to be a spammer
   (action=bounce)
k) any message from a sender-id whose ISP says the sender is a new account
   (if (text-only and size < 2k) action=delay else action=bounce)
l) any message from a sender-id whose ISP hasn't agreed to implement an AUP
   prohibiting spam and to support the protocol reporting spammers
   (if (text-only and size < 2k) action=delay else action=bounce)
m) any message from a sender-id issued by ISP's A, B, or C
   (if (text-only and size < 2k) action=delay else action=bounce)
n) any message with a From address in my whitelist
   (action=deliver)
o) any message lacking a sender-id tag
   (if (text-only and size < 2k) action=delay else action=bounce)
p) any message which was sent to > 200 recipients and which is not
   sent from one of the mailing lists in my whitelist
   (action=bounce)
q) any message containing text/html that contains a script (action=bounce)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

and the whole thing could be signed.  (granted, details of establishing
reasonable trust in the signature could be tricky)

this is a deliberately complex example, but I wanted to illustrate 
several things:

1. a variety of kinds of criteria, some based on content, some based
   on ability to identify the source, some based on trustworthiness
   of the source, some based on volume, some based on criteria specified
   elsewhere

2. a variety of actions: e.g. bounce, delay, discard, deliver,
   and/or limit the kinds of messages I will accept

3. filtering things that aren't of interest to me, whether or not they
   meet anyone else's criteria for "spam".  (like the annoying message 
   from djb insisting that everyone should adopt his method of composing 
   replies)

btw, the sender-id tag is a tag that would be supplied by the sender
ISP's MTA that would reliably associate the message with a particular
sender (as in, the name/address/billing info that the ISP knows).
it would not expose the sender's identity to recipients, but it would
allow recipients to make queries to the ISP about the sender.

again, this is a complex example.  I'd expect the casual user's criteria
to be much simpler, for instance:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
a) whatever criteria SpamNukers, Inc. recommends
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

now, the purpose in supplying these criteria is to allow filtering
of the message *at any point upstream*.  essentially it's saying
"I'm going to discard these anyway, so there's no point in sending
them to me."  so one or more MTAs could query a recipient's filtering
criteria and then optionally apply whatever criteria they understood 
and wished to apply - thus saving them bandwidth, etc.

(it would be important to specify this carefully -in my example there
are criteria for delivery that are meant to pre-empt later criteria
for pessimal handling - e.g. if you're on my whitelist I want the message
delivered even if your ISP is untrustworthy.  it would not be good to
have some MTA ignore the whitelist and apply the later criteria.)

Keith

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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com>
To: "'Keith Moore'" <moore@cs.utk.edu>,
        Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Nucleus of a draft BCP on filtering
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 10:13:41 -0500

-----Original Message-----
From: Keith Moore [mailto:moore@cs.utk.edu]
Sent: Friday, March 07, 2003 6:53 PM
To: Chris Lewis
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Nucleus of a draft BCP on filtering



> Guiding General Principles: - spam is UBE (unsolicited bulk email)

<snip>


>that way, we wouldn't all have to agree on what spam was.

>Keith

 ----- I finally agree with something Keith said.. hmm.
 
 I believe that my previous statement still holds true- Spam is in the eye
of the beholder.

 The system that we may (or may not) eventually come up with should be able
to work exactly in reverse- All legitimate mail is blocked and only UCE is
received. I think that would be a good test. Then rate the system on how
much UCE is inadvertently blocked and how much legitimate mail slips
through.
 I believe that this would satisfy everyone.

 
Regards,
Damon



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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
Cc: "'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Taxonomy  (Four oracles model)
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 16:22:52 +0100

On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 09:41:29AM -0500, Paul Judge wrote:
> 
> 
> While at first glance, this model sounds interesting, I don't believe that
> it offers enough structure to allow us to compare anti-spam systems. For
> example the second stage of your taxonomy asks "is this message
> spam?".

I've put that question not at the top of the taxonomy but in 
one of several stages intentionally. Several methods were discussed 
which don't focus on "Is it spam?" and objections were made because of
that. Therefore I came to the conclusion that there should be a layer
above that question and to invent additional steps in the process to 
cover those methods. 




> So, I would not move to this four stage model because the first two stages
> are too broad and do not provide any real classification. However, I will
> use this note as a reminder that we should also provide a classification of
> spam response systems. I will follow-up with an outline of such. I would use
> what you have sent, but it only lists examples and does not classify them.

Of course, I didn't want to go too deep into a taxonomy in the very
first proposal. I have several layers below that four stages in mind, 
but that would have been to much for the first proposal and would
require further discussion.

It is true that my proposal yet lists only examples, that's why I
called them "examples". The next step would be to build the 
subclassification in order to build a taxonomy tree. 


The reason to propose a different structure was that I see several
shortcomings in the original taxonomy design:

- Fail-Open/Fail-Close should not be a top-level to Prevention
  Approaches. That's the wrong level. That's a question of
  response or implementation, but not a top level principle of 
  prevention.

- The question who/what/how are much more important and should 
  be on a higher level than at the fourth level.

- The distinction of Human/System Determination is to be put
  on a lower level, because it is not a principle but an
  implementation detail in my eyes.

- Authentication is not a form of Deterrence. That's just wrong.
  
  Threaten spammers with a law-suit after successful authentication
  is, but not the authentication itself. Authentication is a 
  method to answer "who sent?"

- Same with tracking

- Non-repudiation is a special form of authentication. 
  Methods like non-repudiation and zero-knowledge-methods are
  subclasses of authentication.


- Spam reduction is a little bit difficult to handle. 

  From a theoretical point of view this is an esoterik method
  of authentication: Split all possible senders into two groups:
  Those who are so interested in sending me that particular message
  that they'd even would pay to do so, and those who don't. 

  The sender is required to authenticate to belong to the first group.

  Implementations: 

  - Real cash (e.g. any kind of e-commerce/microcash: Sell a real
    ticket which allows to send a message)

  - Pseudo cash (e.g. hashcash)


  In my model, those methods would be subclasses of the first
  oracle.


  You said you're uncomfortable with the placement of spam reduction
  in your model. Maybe that shows that the model is not fully correct.



Hadmut


  


 

  

  
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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'Chris Lewis'" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 09:25:14 -0600

>Hadmut Danisch wrote:
>> On Fri, Mar 07, 2003 at 06:54:08PM -0500, David F. Skoll wrote:
>> 
>>>I use the following algorithm in CanIt.  It is by no means perfect,
>>>but it's pretty good:

>>>  - Skip a line starting "Dear "

>>>- Do a SHA1 hash on what's left.

>> This won't work. 

>It works for certain classes of spammer. It can be made significantly 
>better (eg: stripping HTML tags and comments, stripping 
>non-alphanumerics, not only collapsing whitespace, but _removing_ it), 
>but it's still trivially bypassable.
<snip>

 I actually wrote a very simple perl script that works perfectly in the way
that you want the chksum to work.
The problem was that it classified every newsletter, breaking news alert,
and weather report as spam.
Duplicity checks don't work because there is too much valid duplicity, not
because it cannot be accomplished technically.

Regards,
Damon 


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] What would consent look like?
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 15:34:21 +0000

> well, my initial reaction is that for 'applies-to' you need to be clear
> about what this means.  is it:
> 
> a. the address that appears in the From field (regardless of who
>    actually sent the message)
> b. the address that appears in SMTP MAIL FROM / Return-Path
>    (regardless of who actually sent the message)
> c. the address that sent the message (assuming some way to
>    identify/authenticate that party)
> d. some other address
> e. more than one of a-d
> 

I meant the envelope recipient - the address in the RCTP TO


> here's what I think consent looks like.  this would be placed on a
> net-accessible server in some place where it could be found using
> the address moore@cs.utk.edu - probably you'd do a dns lookup

I'm keeping away from any implementation details - it's way too 
early - I think. But yes, something like that, why not.

> -
> recipient moore@cs.utk.edu consents to having messages matching any
> of the following criteria not delivered normally, with the following 
> actions taken:
> 
> a) any message with more than 5 non-ASCII characters in the subject field
>    (action=discard)
> b) any message with a MAIL FROM address that is invalid (action=discard)
> c) any message with a From header address that is invalid

These would come under the heading of message classifications.


> and the whole thing could be signed.  (granted, details of establishing
> reasonable trust in the signature could be tricky)

I think it's possible to limit the signing requirement.
Organisations and local systems have more direct means of
authenticating the source of a consent (does it come from
one of our subnets, or something).

> 
> this is a deliberately complex example, but I wanted to illustrate 
> several things:
> 
> 1. a variety of kinds of criteria, some based on content, some based
>    on ability to identify the source, some based on trustworthiness
>    of the source, some based on volume, some based on criteria specified
>    elsewhere


all really part of some message classification component

> 
> 2. a variety of actions: e.g. bounce, delay, discard, deliver,
>    and/or limit the kinds of messages I will accept

I only need to (accept | deny) really - the disposition of the 
offending message is an issue of configuring the consent seeking
entity - what it does when a "deny" is obtained 
- if this entity is my MUA that's covered separately.

If I need to control disposition, then I only ever issue consents
with local scope. Bingo.

> 
> 3. filtering things that aren't of interest to me, whether or not they
>    meet anyone else's criteria for "spam".  (like the annoying message 
>    from djb insisting that everyone should adopt his method of composing 
>    replies)

I can have my MUA (consulting a local consent) filter against local
classifications..  as well as more widely scoped ones.

> 
> btw, the sender-id tag is a tag that would be supplied by the sender

I have problems with identifying senders (as do others 
- there's a lot on the list about this)
So I'm concentrating on the intended *recipient*


> 
> now, the purpose in supplying these criteria is to allow filtering
> of the message *at any point upstream*.  essentially it's saying
> "I'm going to discard these anyway, so there's no point in sending
> them to me."  so one or more MTAs could query a recipient's filtering
> criteria and then optionally apply whatever criteria they understood 
> and wished to apply - thus saving them bandwidth, etc.

Yes.

> 
> (it would be important to specify this carefully -in my example there
> are criteria for delivery that are meant to pre-empt later criteria
> for pessimal handling - e.g. if you're on my whitelist I want the message
> delivered even if your ISP is untrustworthy.  it would not be good to
> have some MTA ignore the whitelist and apply the later criteria.)
>

This just needs "accept" to have higher priority than "deny" - I think?
I should have made that clear.  I skipped that - it's probably in the
"folding" mechanism... 


Thanks for your feedback.





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> On the contrary. If I've spent the time to compose an email 
> to someone the 
> last thing I want is a bounce back of *any* sort - be it a vacation 
> message, an answering machine, or a challenge system.

Yup, it is all spam. Call back systems don't reduce spam, they
increase it. If everyone used a callback system and no whitelists 
50% of all the email on the internet would instantly become spam.


Vacation messages can have their place, if they could be sent in
a manner that the MUA could make reasonably transparent to the
end user.

For example it is quite useful to me to know when I send a message
to someone in VeriSign that they are away, I simply select another
volunteer to do whatever I had in mind (my initials aren't PHB for
nothing).

What I find really irritating is out of office vaction notices to
mails that I have sent out to hundreds of people.

I think there are also problems with the fact that SMTP really 
was not architected to support the relay sender mode. It is a 
hack that is not really designed properly. I should never ever 
have to see an EMAIL giving me a status report. This should be
communicated through a separate UI channel, not the data channel.


Bounce back schemes on the other hand piss me off completely, as
folk will know from my interactions with Dan Bernstein whose
obnoxious spambot responds to every message you send to him, 
telling you that if he thought you were really important he 
would have whitelisted you.

Another problem with bounceback schemes is that a lot of them
have privacy issues. One hosted service recently spammed all the
recipients of email their customers had posted to through their
service.

> Also witness the SpamArrest situation. I bet that we'll see 
> less and less 
> people responding to challenge systems because they fear they will be 
> spammed at some point in the future by the company running the system.

They will get spammed whether or not they respond.

I think that callback loops are acceptable only when the mail
is bing sent to a large number of people and it is reasonable
to expect senders to take more care. For example I think that 
it is quite reasonable for IETF mailing lists to require 
non-subscribers to answer a callback to post. This has an
additional advantage of preventing Dan Bernstein from ever
posting unless he disables his spambot.


		Phill
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> > 2. a variety of actions: e.g. bounce, delay, discard, deliver,
> >    and/or limit the kinds of messages I will accept
> 
> I only need to (accept | deny) really - the disposition of the 
> offending message is an issue of configuring the consent seeking
> entity - what it does when a "deny" is obtained 

I think the middle ground (e.g. accept but only after a delay, 
accept with small probability, else tempfail, accept only short messages
and/or only with a limited set of contents) is very important  -
if nothing else, during a transition phase.  If we have a situation
where only X% of the ISPs support mechanisms to allow standardized
sender-identification and query of senders to see if they're spammers,
we need a way to handle mail that comes from the other 100-X% 
which isn't as drastic as bouncing/discarding but still penalizes them.

> > 3. filtering things that aren't of interest to me, whether or not
> > they
> >    meet anyone else's criteria for "spam".  (like the annoying
> >    message from djb insisting that everyone should adopt his method
> >    of composing replies)
> 
> I can have my MUA (consulting a local consent) filter against local
> classifications..  as well as more widely scoped ones.

indeed.  what you advertise to the world that you're willing to have
filtered on your behalf and what you filter locally can be different.

> > btw, the sender-id tag is a tag that would be supplied by the sender
> 
> I have problems with identifying senders (as do others 
> - there's a lot on the list about this)

which is why my sender-id doesn't actually identify senders.
(I suppose I need a better name - at one time I was using
originator-info, but that's kind of long.)

> So I'm concentrating on the intended *recipient*

well, of course the recipient specifies the filtering criteria.


> > -in my example
> > there are criteria for delivery that are meant to pre-empt later
> > criteria for pessimal handling - e.g. if you're on my whitelist I
> > want the message delivered even if your ISP is untrustworthy.  it
> > would not be good to have some MTA ignore the whitelist and apply
> > the later criteria.)
> >
> 
> This just needs "accept" to have higher priority than "deny" - I
> think? 

actually, no.  if an MTA doesn't understand how to implement the
accept criteria, it must also ignore any of the following deny
criteria.  either that or we need to specify the criteria in such
a way that they're independent of one another, with no ordering.

so instead of saying

if (x) accept
if (y) deny

say 

if (!x && y) deny
 
Keith
-- 
"Of course the people don't want war.  But ... it is always a simple 
matter to drag the people along.  All you have to do is tell them they
are being attacked, and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism
and exposing the country to danger... It works the same way in any
country."

- Hermann Goering, 1947.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
Cc: "'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Taxonomy  (Four oracles model)
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 16:40:16 +0100

Just to give an idea about how I'd subclass the second stage
("Is this message spam?"):


- sender rating

     - sender black/whitelisting
     - RMX results (possibly with black/whitelisting)
     - signature verification result (possibly with black/whitelisting)
     - has sender been authenticated?
     - does the sender's MX accept messages sent to this
       address?


- context analysis

     - is this message somehow related to earlier
       traffic with the other party? (e.g. is a 
       direct reply, did we discuss similar contents
       with that particular party earlier?)

     - did the message contain a valid cookie?


- mass mail detection

     - Try to determine whether other recipients received
       the same mail, e.g. ask databases, hash value methods


- content analysis

     - statistical methods
     - patterns
     - blacklisted words ("penis enlargement devices", "money transfer 
       from africa")
     - size constraints


- meta rules

     combine results of other methods
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 16:44:12 +0100

On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 10:18:55AM -0500, Sauer, Damon wrote:
> I have actually come up with a way that this works perfectly. 
> It does not matter what the password is or the dear * line says.

In imitation of the coding theory's "hamming distance":

What's the maximum "spamming distance" of to messages resulting 
in the same hash value? 

In other words: How much can messages differ to still get the same
hash and what's the minimum difference that guarantees a different
hash?

Hadmut
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--45Z9DzgjV8m4Oswq
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Is that a bad joke? Satire?
Did the evil reality just hit me?

See the attached email I just received...

Hadmut

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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 16:40:16 +0100
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Date: 10 Mar 2003 09:53:09 -0600

In <B1F08F445F370846AB7BEE424365F00DB2EB6E@ctxchg.ciphertrust.com> Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com> writes:

> Here is a first draft of a taxonomy of anti-spam systems. I've classified
> the systems into spam prevention, spam deterrence, and spam reduction
> systems.

Maybe it is just me, but these labels seem to be murky.  I had to read
the definitions to understand which systems belong in which category,
and even then, the labels didn't seem clear to me.

Hadmut has suggested another taxonomy based on "four oracles", which
seems a lot clearer to me.

I would like to suggest a third, based off of the natural progression
of email through the internet.


1) What things can the sender's MUA do to reduce sending spam?

   These are mostly things like "don't send vacation notices to
   mailing lists", and "make it obvious the difference between reply to
   one person, reply to the mailing list, and reply to everyone
   involved".

   A spammer, of course, will not be restrained by these checks.


2) What things can the sender's MTA do to reduce sending spam?

   These would include rate limiters, authenticating who can
   send/relay email through the MTA, content checking to see if the
   sender is sending spam, etc.  This can also include things like
   port 25 filtering to force the "sender's MTA" to be the ISP's MTA.

   At this point, it is much easier to track down who exactly is
   sending the email.  

   A spam friendly ISP will not restrain senders.


3) What can the receiver's MTA do before that SMTP DATA statement?

   This includes firewalling, blacklists, verification of HELO/EHLO,
   tempfailing, RMX/domain specific DNSBL checks, etc.

   Part of the goal here is to reduce network bandwidth.


4) What can the receiver's MTA do after the message has been received,
   but before it has been delivered?

   This includes header and body checks.  At this point, bounces can
   still be forced to be created by the sender's MTA, preventing
   bounces from being sent to another victim.  It also reduces the
   bandwidth used because a bounce message isn't sent.


5) What can the receiver's MTA do after the message has been
   accepted for delivery?

   While the options are pretty much the same as stage 4), the MTA has
   to generate a bounce.  


6) What can the receiver's MUA do?

   Some information that was available to the MTA is often lost by the
   time that the receiver's MUA can do checks.

   This is the only spot where the end users can give feed back to
   earlier parts of the system about false positives or false
   negatives.


One important aspect of anti-spam systems is error handling.  The
sooner that spam is detected, the better.  The choices of how to
handle errors are also different at each stage.  The earlier stages
know much more about the sender than the later stages.

Once the mail has been delivered by the receiver's MTA, you can't
generate a bounce.  Either you have to generate a reply email (which
can be made to look like a bounce), or you have to drop the email.  A
false positive may well give no feed back to the sender.

On the other hand, the later the stage, the more you know about how
the end users values false positives vs false negatives, so the more
aggressive you can make the checking.  The end user may receive email
from several different ISPs, so receiver's MUA has more complete
information about the type of email they receive.

Also, later stages may benefit from information learned elsewhere.  A
DCC check at the sender's MTA time (stage 2) may yield no hits while a
check at the receiver's MUA (stage 6) may have given spamtraps time to
react.


Hmmm... I guess that Hadmut's four oracles could be applied to each
stage. 


-wayne


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 07:52:46 -0800

> Secondly, my ISP recently started to offer this kind of system for a
> bargain price of only $1/mo! (sigh)  Their argument for it was it is
> great for people who want zero spam, such as accounts for kids.  There
> *are* people out there that consider a false negative to be as bad, if
> not worse, than a false positive.

I think there what is needed is a whitelist approach.

I only let my 2 year old read mail from myself, his mother and 
grandparents. He can exchange email with his friends when he is
older. He can choose who he gets email from for himself when he 
is old enough to work out how to disable the security settings.

	Phill
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 11:04:22 -0500 (EST)

From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>

> In other words: How much can messages differ to still get the same
> hash and what's the minimum difference that guarantees a different
> hash?

It doesn't matter.

ANY checksum scheme can be defeated, and usually very easily (unless
the checksum is useless for practical message distinction.)  It's
trivial to create N messages with arbitrarily-large Hamming (or
"spamming") distance.  Even without knowing the details of the
checksum algorithm, a few simple black-box experiments will probably
reveal its weakness.  If you know the algorithm, it's even easier.

That doesn't mean checksums are useless; on the contrary.  It is a
worthwhile cause to block spam from unsophisticated spammers.  Just
because we know we'll never completely stop determined spammers, it
doesn't mean we should give up on the low-hanging fruit.

The best we can hope for is to increase the hassle of spamming.  Every
extra hoop a spammer has to jump through means a certain percentage of
spammers will simply give up (or else fail because of lack of
hoop-jumping.)

--
David.
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Taxonomy of anti-spam systems
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 08:10:31 -0800

I would prefer to avoid the term 'oracle' which has a very particular place
in cryptographic research as a term of art.

I think Hadmut's four stage model is usefull, however I would prefer to
avoid getting too far into implementation issues when setting out the
taxonomy of approaches. Hadmut's taxonomy is a taxonomy of applications,
which is slightly different.

	Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: wayne [mailto:wayne@midwestcs.com]
> Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 10:53 AM
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Taxonomy of anti-spam systems
> 
> 
> In 
> <B1F08F445F370846AB7BEE424365F00DB2EB6E@ctxchg.ciphertrust.com
> > Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com> writes:
> 
> > Here is a first draft of a taxonomy of anti-spam systems. 
> I've classified
> > the systems into spam prevention, spam deterrence, and spam 
> reduction
> > systems.
> 
> Maybe it is just me, but these labels seem to be murky.  I had to read
> the definitions to understand which systems belong in which category,
> and even then, the labels didn't seem clear to me.
> 
> Hadmut has suggested another taxonomy based on "four oracles", which
> seems a lot clearer to me.
> 
> I would like to suggest a third, based off of the natural progression
> of email through the internet.
> 
> 
> 1) What things can the sender's MUA do to reduce sending spam?
> 
>    These are mostly things like "don't send vacation notices to
>    mailing lists", and "make it obvious the difference 
> between reply to
>    one person, reply to the mailing list, and reply to everyone
>    involved".
> 
>    A spammer, of course, will not be restrained by these checks.
> 
> 
> 2) What things can the sender's MTA do to reduce sending spam?
> 
>    These would include rate limiters, authenticating who can
>    send/relay email through the MTA, content checking to see if the
>    sender is sending spam, etc.  This can also include things like
>    port 25 filtering to force the "sender's MTA" to be the ISP's MTA.
> 
>    At this point, it is much easier to track down who exactly is
>    sending the email.  
> 
>    A spam friendly ISP will not restrain senders.
> 
> 
> 3) What can the receiver's MTA do before that SMTP DATA statement?
> 
>    This includes firewalling, blacklists, verification of HELO/EHLO,
>    tempfailing, RMX/domain specific DNSBL checks, etc.
> 
>    Part of the goal here is to reduce network bandwidth.
> 
> 
> 4) What can the receiver's MTA do after the message has been received,
>    but before it has been delivered?
> 
>    This includes header and body checks.  At this point, bounces can
>    still be forced to be created by the sender's MTA, preventing
>    bounces from being sent to another victim.  It also reduces the
>    bandwidth used because a bounce message isn't sent.
> 
> 
> 5) What can the receiver's MTA do after the message has been
>    accepted for delivery?
> 
>    While the options are pretty much the same as stage 4), the MTA has
>    to generate a bounce.  
> 
> 
> 6) What can the receiver's MUA do?
> 
>    Some information that was available to the MTA is often lost by the
>    time that the receiver's MUA can do checks.
> 
>    This is the only spot where the end users can give feed back to
>    earlier parts of the system about false positives or false
>    negatives.
> 
> 
> One important aspect of anti-spam systems is error handling.  The
> sooner that spam is detected, the better.  The choices of how to
> handle errors are also different at each stage.  The earlier stages
> know much more about the sender than the later stages.
> 
> Once the mail has been delivered by the receiver's MTA, you can't
> generate a bounce.  Either you have to generate a reply email (which
> can be made to look like a bounce), or you have to drop the email.  A
> false positive may well give no feed back to the sender.
> 
> On the other hand, the later the stage, the more you know about how
> the end users values false positives vs false negatives, so the more
> aggressive you can make the checking.  The end user may receive email
> from several different ISPs, so receiver's MUA has more complete
> information about the type of email they receive.
> 
> Also, later stages may benefit from information learned elsewhere.  A
> DCC check at the sender's MTA time (stage 2) may yield no hits while a
> check at the receiver's MUA (stage 6) may have given spamtraps time to
> react.
> 
> 
> Hmmm... I guess that Hadmut's four oracles could be applied to each
> stage. 
> 
> 
> -wayne
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'Hadmut Danisch'" <hadmut@danisch.de>,
        "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 11:08:15 -0500

I had the code up and working for about a month. I found that doing an MD5
of the hash result of 5 lines in the middle of the message worked just fine.
I only did this to streamline processing. No need to spin extra cycles to
process the entire mesage.The hash was not dependent on size of the message
but the result of the process and the MD5.
The process held the last 10,000 MD5's and popped the top one off as over
10,000 were added. Spammers don't usually pull out old spam to resend in
exactly the same form as they sent it a year ago and usually they send the
same stuff all at once.
 Keeping unique MD5's over the lifetime of the system is impractical and
will eventually start encroaching on the "hammering distance" issue. But
since the sample is relatively small and refreshed over a period of time, I
do not worry about the "million monkeys at a million typewriters". It caught
the spam cycles very quickly, but again, this is just a duplicity check. The
only value that I could get out of it was to "mark" the messages as
"possible" spam and make a copy for further investigation.

Regards,
Damon
 




-----Original Message-----
From: Hadmut Danisch [mailto:hadmut@danisch.de]
Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 10:44 AM
To: Sauer, Damon
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums


On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 10:18:55AM -0500, Sauer, Damon wrote:
> I have actually come up with a way that this works perfectly. 
> It does not matter what the password is or the dear * line says.

In imitation of the coding theory's "hamming distance":

What's the maximum "spamming distance" of to messages resulting 
in the same hash value? 

In other words: How much can messages differ to still get the same
hash and what's the minimum difference that guarantees a different
hash?

Hadmut


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 <200303100416.h2A4GOd4027447@calcite.rhyolite.com>
 <20030309234652.A2878@triton.paganini.net>
To: Marco Paganini <paganini@paganini.net>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
Cc: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 10:42:46 -0500

At 11:46 PM -0500 3/9/03, Marco Paganini wrote:
>I'd say that mailing-list confirmations serve two distinct purposes: To warn
>the user that his mailbox will be flooded with messages and to protect the
>list from mass-mailers.

You missed one of the most important ones.  To ensure that the email 
address given to the list actually did ask to subscribe.  It's an 
authentication mechanism, and one I am thankful for everytime some 
virus tries to subscribe me to a mailing list.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 10:58:27 -0500

At 2:42 AM -0500 3/10/03, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:
>On Mon, 10 Mar 2003 01:37:02 EST, Kee Hinckley said:
>>  We filter spam based solely on forged headers and private blacklists
>>  plus user preferences.  The number of those messages that have
>>  something faked is well over 50%.
>
>OK.. it's been 2 decades since I took statisics, and I've *mostly*
>recovered from being a math/physics major, but...
>
>All this says is that if you didn't filter on blacklists and user prefs,
>that 100% of the mail that you tagged as having forged headers have forged
>headers.  Addition of the other 2 criteria water it down to "over 50%".

I was trying not to go into the grody details.  Our false negative 
rate is <1%. Everytime a user adds someone to a blacklist, or reports 
a problem, that gets recorded as spam we missed.  I'm counting that 
in the numbers.

>Problem 1)  There's no indication of what percent of mail with forged
>headers was actually spam - and without your definition of what counts
>as "forged", it's hard to tell.  I know that *this* laptop has sent some
>rather squirrelly headers when I'm travelling and borrowing some net access.

We aren't deleting any of the mail.  The users scan the list and mark 
the false positives.  My numbers were based on the results *after* 
user confirmation.  As I said elsewhere, users do get sloppy, but not 
to an extent that's going to significantly change these numbers.

>Problem 2) There's no indication of what percent of your total mail volume
>got tagged as "forged headers".  If it's 1% of your total or 40% of your
>total is important, as they have different implications for what solutions
>have to be able to do...

We are currently running 26% spam across all users.

>Problem 3) There's no indication of what sorts of overlaps there are between
>the forged, blacklist, and preferences.  If most of the mail that's forged
>is *also* being hit by blacklist and/or preferences, then maybe checking for
>forged headers isn't productive.  If it's catching lots of spam that your
>blacklists and preferences aren't catching, maybe that's indicative 
>of problems
>with those two schemes...

Right.  As I said, we used to log that data, but we simply didn't 
have time to go over all of it.  Once things settle down a bit we'll 
be doing that sort of analysis to tune our filters.

>(And no Kee, I'm not picking on you in particular - I didn't accept Vernon's
>DCC numbers at face value either.  Nobody here uses the same methodology,
>and it's hard to avoid comparing apples to oranges without asking what
>sort of seeds were planted in both cases....

No offence taken.  Talking about spam with people is very much like 
talking about user interfaces.  Everyone thinks they are an expert, 
because everyone deals with it every day.  In fact it's much more 
like the blind men and the elephant.  I don't claim to be immune to 
any of that.  I have two data samples.  One is somewhere.com, which 
is clearly an anomalous situation.  Like striker, it's a harbinger of 
things to come, but its sample information is wildly biased by 
mailbombs, forged mailing lists subscriptions and viruses.  My other 
sample is the PureMessaging spam filtering service (soon to be 
Messagefire... don't ask).  It's closer to an end-user analysis, but 
the sample size is still small and we simply don't have time to turn 
it into a research project right now.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Nucleus of a draft BCP on filtering 
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 06:05:07 -0500

"Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com> wrote:
>  I believe that my previous statement still holds true- Spam is in the eye
> of the beholder.

  That's not all.

  Spam is also mail that the sender, or the sending network, didn't
intend to send.

  e.g. Viruses.  The sender didn't intend to send those messages.

  e.g. Unintentional open relays.  The sending network didn't intend
to send that mail.

  Most of the discussions here are focussed on the recipient.  My
belief is that by the time the recipient has received the mail, the
network has been degraded due to passing traffic which the recipient
throws away.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 17:16:19 +0100

On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 11:08:15AM -0500, Sauer, Damon wrote:
> I had the code up and working for about a month. I found that doing an MD5
> of the hash result of 5 lines in the middle of the message worked
> just fine.


There's exactly one reason why this works: 

It is your very private and not publicly known method.

As soon as spammers get aware of this (and they will since you 
just revealed it on this list), your method won't work anymore,
since it is easy to circumvent once the spammer knows how it works. 


Such methods violate one of the most important rules:
Don't do "security by obscurity".

We need to develop methods which can be used by everyone on the world, 
thus need to remain effective when the spammers learned all details
of the method. Your MD5 method fails to do so.


BTW: How do you handle attachments? 

Hadmut




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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 07:43:13 -0800

> 1.	Spam Prevention Approaches -  These systems aim to prevent the
> spread of spam messages. There are fail-open and fail-closed systems.

With my spokeperson hat on I prefer the terms 'Detect Wanted' and
'Detect Junk'. I am not going to use any term that involves the
word 'fail' with a journalist when talking about my work or
company products.

I think the terms I propose are also easier to communicate.

> 2)	Spam Deterrence Approaches - These systems aim to deter spamming

> 	a)	Authentication
> 	b)	Tracking
> 	c)	Non-repudiation

I place Authentication based approaches with other 'Detect Wanted' schemes.
Authentication plus some form of authorization gives access control.

I think that legal/legislative approaches should rank a bullet here. We
should also mention vigilante actions such as teergrubbing and hackback, I
don't approve of these, they create far more problems than people claim.


> 3)	Spam Reduction - These systems aim to reduce the level 
> of spam by
> making it more costly or timely to have the messages delivered.

Actually this is the objective of all security based approaches. The point
of security is risk reduction, not risk elimination. Unusually for an
Internet application we have an actual economic model here where the
attacker is actually a somewhat rational actor so cost approaches can bite.

> 	a)	Cost-based Systems (increase cost of spamming)

I think the term CHARGE-BASED is better than cost based. 

> 	b)	Proof-of-work (i.e. hashcash)
> 	c)	Rate limiting
> 		i)	Ingress
> 		ii)	egress
> 
> 
> 
> I'm not fully comfortable with the spam reduction being a 
> third category,

I think that it is actualy a branch of the Detect Wanted chain, the proof of
work or charge is simply a form of authorization.

The detect wanted should thus split into two branches with an authorization
and authentication component, you need to use one mechanism from both to
address the whole.


Another issue to address is spam sender countermeasures and the
counter-counter-measures to defeat those. In particular I am interested in
schemes where there is an asymmetric work factor, preferably one that means
that it is more difficult for the spam sender to catch up than for the good
guys to counter.


I would also like to suggest that we consider deployment strategy
explicitly. I believe that the standard MUA setup will look something like
(ignoring subject folders for a moment):

Inbox
	Known Good
	Not Sure
	Known Junk

I do not see the Detect Wanted and Detect Junk strategies being in
opposition. Until people use authentication mechanisms that allow a large
fraction of mail to be Known Good most mail is going to be in Not Sure or
Known Junk.

However it is quite an easy matter to at least achieve 'known good' status
for internal mail which in any large or medium sized enterprise is the vast
bulk for most people. If we design the strategy carefully we can achieve
some viral uptake.

Another area where is is comparatively easy to achieve a rough and ready
known good status is on mailing lists. Although spam senders do sometimes
subscribe to send junk this is relatively rare. Most mailing lists are
already applying a lightweight authentication mechanism of their own -
restricting posting to list members. 

		Phill
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 08:31:27 -0800

I think Keith is wrong here, the objective should be to get rid of unwanted
email of any type. Decding what we call spam is beside the point.

In particular I really believe that the stuff Bernstein and SpamArrest puke
out through their spambots requesting a confirmation of each email you send
them IS SPAM. I want to have a definition of spam that makes it very clear
that people who reduce the amount of spam they get by increasing the amount
of spam I get are not proposing an acceptable solution.


Another problem with the UCE moniker is that a huge fraction (60% at least)
of the spam I get is not commercial, it is outright fraud. Nigerian letters
are not commercial solicitations, they are outright attempts at fraud
perpetrated by people who are kidnappers, murderers and theives.


	Phill


> > Guiding General Principles: - spam is UBE (unsolicited bulk email)
> 
> <snip>
> 
> 
> >that way, we wouldn't all have to agree on what spam was.
> 
> >Keith
> 
>  ----- I finally agree with something Keith said.. hmm.
>  
>  I believe that my previous statement still holds true- Spam 
> is in the eye
> of the beholder.
> 
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 17:34:05 +0100

On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 11:04:22AM -0500, David F. Skoll wrote:
>
> That doesn't mean checksums are useless; on the contrary.  It is a
> worthwhile cause to block spam from unsophisticated spammers.  Just
> because we know we'll never completely stop determined spammers, it
> doesn't mean we should give up on the low-hanging fruit.


Some years ago, hackers used to be highly sophisticated experts.
Meanwhile, the majority of attacks are driven by silly script kiddies
using high sophisticated tools without understanding what's going on.

Reading some of the spams I receive I found that many of them seem
to be sent with the very same software and address list. There are
billions of spam, but only a few spamming tools. All it takes is just
a simple software upgrade to the next version of the tools to defeat
that hash method. Once spammers learn how to do it, all spammers will
know how to do it. There is not significant number of "low-hanging
fruit".


Hadmut



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Subject: [Asrg] Should email have semantics?
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Date: 10 Mar 2003 16:39:16 +0000

We pretty much use email as a form of universal transport. While there
are mechanisms to express the type of content (such as MIME) no
formal mechanisms exist to express actions or consent that are
embedded in the email exchanges. As a consequence, we have an
unimaginable menagerie of ad hoc expressions of actions and consent.

Let me give a concrete example: subscribing to a mailing list.

Clearly the exchange between the list manager and the subscriber is a
series of actions (please add me to the list, please remove me from
the list), confirmations and implicit consent (yes you can now send
email to the list and I will forward it to subscribers, yes you can
now send list mail to my subscription address).

This is an extremely common process, yet we have no formal or
consistent methods for expressing these exchanges. Sure, we've
invented a few de facto standards that sort-of do the job, but the
they are not universally followed - especially when it comes to
unsubscribing. In any event, these standards are not part of the email
"system" per se, they are functionality we've layered on top of email.

It might be argued that if a subscription mechanism were part of the
email "system" we could have completely avoid the "super-duper triple
opt-in" mess we now have.

On a different tangent, a role email address such as postmaster@ could
easily be construed to exist solely for the purpose of discussing
problems with email at a certain domain. Similarly sales@ could be
construed to exist solely for the purpose of requesting information
about certain products. Conflictingly, joe-tmda-3mar2003@ expresses
semantics that the recipient knows about, but the sender
doesn't. Again, the email "system" in general has no knowledge about
when these email addresses should be used and what should be sent to
them.

I'll give one last case of extremely common semantic confusion. When
you supply your email address as part of a submission to, eg, this
email list. What are you expressing? Are you expressing authorship,
are you requesting a copy of all replies? Are you granting permission
to people to contact you off-list so long as it's within context?

It seems to me that much of the challenge for moving forward with
email - in particular spam - might be more tractable by deciding once
and for all whether email is a transport layer or an application
layer. After all, isn't it the schizophrenic nature of email that
leaves us grappling with conflicting heuristics and requirements?


Regards.
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 08:49:32 -0800

>  Keeping unique MD5's over the lifetime of the system is 
> impractical and
> will eventually start encroaching on the "hammering distance" 
> issue.

Maybe for some, we have infrastructure that handles 6 billion
transactions on data sets of many Gb. So there is an existence
proof at least :-)

If there is a business model this type of scheme can be 
deployed, my concern is that I would prefer we looked at
mechanisms that did not require such quantities of hardware.

Looking at the various spam gangs on the net there are 
major differences in the level of sophistication. The 
Nigerian gangs don't appear to have got much beyond working
out how to use CAPS LOCK. You can detect a risible proportion
of Nigerian letters simply by scanning for 'modalities of the
transaction'.


Rather than use an MD5 approach I would prefer to use 
something that was rather more adaptive and reactive. The 
spam senders can clearly react faster than we can turn out
standards. I think this is a case where Java or C# mobile
code approaches could have an application. This would allow
the fingerprint matching technology to evolve in response
to attempts to defeat it.


One of the features of the cricumvention technology is that
its use can provide some of the best spam indicators. For
example any subject line that has a string of whitespace and
random non text garbage appended at the end has a huge
probability of being spam.

If we get to the point where the only spam being sent is
being sent by a small number of offshore spam houses using
ever more convoluted tactics to defeat spam filtering
technology the business will start to shrink very quickly.


	Phill
 
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Date: 10 Mar 2003 11:02:40 -0600

In <20030310163404.GA10678@danisch.de> Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> writes:

> that hash method. Once spammers learn how to do it, all spammers will
> know how to do it. There is not significant number of "low-hanging
> fruit".

Are spammers really more likely to upgrade software than people who
run anti-spam software?


-wayne

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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com>
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 12:02:08 -0500

I revealed nothing ;-) It does not matter one bit if a spammer knew exactly
what lines I was looking at, that was part of the beauty of the process.
 Regardless, it did not help my spam situation. I was just stating that
chksums do work, however, they are checking for duplicity and duplicity does
not equate to spam in all cases. Blocking based on duplicity (lets say over
100 of the same message) would block very valid and valuable email.

Regards,
Damon


-----Original Message-----
From: Hadmut Danisch [mailto:hadmut@danisch.de]
Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 11:16 AM
To: Sauer, Damon
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums


On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 11:08:15AM -0500, Sauer, Damon wrote:
> I had the code up and working for about a month. I found that doing an MD5
> of the hash result of 5 lines in the middle of the message worked
> just fine.


There's exactly one reason why this works: 

It is your very private and not publicly known method.

As soon as spammers get aware of this (and they will since you 
just revealed it on this list), your method won't work anymore,
since it is easy to circumvent once the spammer knows how it works. 


Such methods violate one of the most important rules:
Don't do "security by obscurity".

We need to develop methods which can be used by everyone on the world, 
thus need to remain effective when the spammers learned all details
of the method. Your MD5 method fails to do so.


BTW: How do you handle attachments? 

Hadmut





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> I think Keith is wrong here, the objective should be to get rid of
> unwanted email of any type. Decding what we call spam is beside the
> point.

actually, I agree with the above statement - so I'm not sure why you
think I'm wrong.

> In particular I really believe that the stuff Bernstein and SpamArrest
> puke out through their spambots requesting a confirmation of each
> email you send them IS SPAM. 

it's fine with me if you declare it spam for your purposes, as long as
you don't insist that it be spam for everyone else's purposes.

> I want to have a definition of spam that
> makes it very clear that people who reduce the amount of spam they get
> by increasing the amount of spam I get are not proposing an acceptable
> solution.

actually I suspect we're better off not trying to define spam at all,
because I don't think we're going to all agree on a meaning,
and use of the word just seems to promote misunderstanding.  instead,
let's talk about more precise mail categories that people might choose
to permit or discourage without presuming that everyone will pick the
same criteria.

Keith
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 12:16:18 -0500 (EST)

On Mon, 10 Mar 2003, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> Reading some of the spams I receive I found that many of them seem
> to be sent with the very same software and address list. There are
> billions of spam, but only a few spamming tools. All it takes is just
> a simple software upgrade to the next version of the tools to defeat
> that hash method.

Right; it's an arms race.  The ways to fight back are:

1) Change your hash method every so often, as recommended on
http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/dcc/

"The fuzzy checksum will need to be changed as spam evolves"

2) Don't all use the same checksum.  As Vernon wrote, you can use
multiple checksum methods making it more painful to defeat them all.

Eventually, you could probably detect efforts at defeating checksums
with other, non-checksum rules.  This might involve grammar-checking
filters that look for anomalous content, or even filters with deeper
understanding that can detect non-sequiturs.  It's not easy, I grant
you.

SpamAssassin's local tests are at heart pretty simple -- they
(more-or-less) just look for regular expressions in the text.  But
they remain very effective, and their effectiveness doesn't drop off
very rapidly with time.

> Once spammers learn how to do it, all spammers will
> know how to do it. There is not significant number of "low-hanging
> fruit".

My experience tells me otherwise.  Dozens of CanIt customers and thousands
of MIMEDefang/SpamAssassin users still find the old, simple methods quite
effective.

I also reject the notion that my domain is only 3 years behind
striker.  Our domains (we have about 10) average a total of around 20
spams a day.  If our spam volume tripled each year, it would still
take us almost 9 years to reach striker levels.  In the mean time,
filtering works pretty well, and I hope that within 9 years, this
group will have found a better solution.  :-)

--
David.
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 10:26:38 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> I think Keith is wrong here, the objective should be to get rid of unwanted
> email of any type. Decding what we call spam is beside the point.
> ...

I strongly disagree.  We should not be worrying about all possible
notions of unwanted email, but only about email that damages the
system, either technically or otherwise, such as by making mail less
useful to users.  Communications from ex-spouses and creditors is
often unwanted, but does not harm the system.  Only bulk mail 
can harm the system.

It is not that it is impossible to consider mechanisms to deal with
broader classes of unwanted email, but that goals with well defined
limits are vital for success in any design effort.

Besides, mechanisms to deal with unwanted mail that is not bulk are
well established and very widely available.  Most of the so called
spam filters offered by ISPs are suitable for rejecting mail from
creditors and ex-spouses.

If the mechanisms for dealing with unwanted bulk mail turn out to also
be effective against other kinds of unwanted mail, then fine.  Dealing
with dumb jokes from your mother-in-law should not be a goal here.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 12:23:37 -0500
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Every good scientist makes observations first, forms a hypothesis, and then
tests it. It's the scientific method, and I think we should be using it
here.

Observations:
1) Spam only comes from those we don't know. (If it does come from those we
do, then it might not be spam)

2) We trust those that we know. The opposite is also true.

3) Content filters are unacceptable; 99% of the people don't know how to
work them, and you CAN'T install them for someone (I.e. Filtering on the
mail server by admins is not permissible- both privacy and reliability
concerns)

4) Spam pays because it's cheap

5) Spammers don't care who they are, or who you are - BUT the receivers do.

6) Spammers don't play fair, and bend the rules. Social engineering, filter
evasion, etc.

{Feel free to add some more}

Theory:
From all the above, but mainly 5, we can get a solution. If we make the
spammer at least appear credible, even for a short while, then they can be
limited (controlled).

Spamming involves sending out junk mail messages at a fast rate. The faster,
the better for the spammer. Rate throttling only works until they learn to
parallelism their operation(s)

However if we make the spammer identify themselves (and appear creditable)
we can rope them in and control them.

Here's how. Each message must have a valid from address. This address is
validated against and ISP's database. If the account exists, then the mail
is allowed to be received, otherwise it is thrown in the trash. It's very
much like putting a return address on an envelope, but since
computers/networks are so fast we can verify in real time that it is fast.
Any mail without a return address gets put in the trash (and this is
generally the case in real life too)

In my previous email, I suggested the idea of a "promoted" and "demoted"
char for email addresses to suggest this reverse "authentication" (for lack
of a better word) capability. If the promoted char is used, the messages is
reverse authenticated, if it passes, it keeps (or if all messages are
authenticated) the promoted char is used. Else it gets demoted to '@'. There
is no real functional reason aside form sorting that the new char is needed.
Indeed prompted char can equal demoted char.

Anonymity can still be protected. Anonymity at the very least proves
legitimate existence, which is all we need to know.

Example:
Yahoo.com (or whomever) will be getting all these requests for
32423@yahoo.com and saying 'account does not exist', and the mail will be
demoted (with possible deletion)

Problem #1:
account@yahoo.com is real, but did not send the message (spoofed addr).

Solution #1:
The outgoing mail server will have to see what addresses account@yahoo.com
did send to that haven't been verified ("authenticated") yet. If it gets a
request from an account that was not sent to, then it sends an 'account does
not exist' message. This will cause the spoofed message to be rejected,
while not allowing the existence of an account to be determined by a
malicious entity.

Problem #2:
Spammer sets up a domain (or at least a server) to do his bidding. He sets
up 1 to 1000 accounts all to spam, or a rogue server to verify ANY auth
attempts.

Solution #2:
In order for any to get through to the recipient, they have to be
"authenticated"  (reverse look-up now comes to mind as a better term). If he
allows this, then he has identified himself as a source, (he can be traced
back) and measures by his ISP can force him off the net. Also note that
generally there are a fixed number of ISPs, and they can flag his credit
card/account as to not give that card an account. After a while, all the
cards will be used, and all the ISPs will know the all the cards/accounts.

Problem #3:
"Fly by night" or "dump" operations - spam and move

Solution #3:
The spammer has to be there long enough for the bulk of his messages to get
"authenticated". This puts him on the net and ties him down to an address
long enough to be caught/blacklisted/whatever. It also means that his
machine must be able to handle the stampede of "authentications" that will
be coming back. Spammers in this instance may actually throttle themselves
back, lest their incoming slow their outgoing.

This system seems easily implemented, and will go a long way to
eliminate/cut down/make filterable the spam.

Note: that once this "authentication" is implemented, it can be extended
with full-out crypto (where legal) or other capabilities. Example:
undeliverable messages. The advanced server can count the undeliverables
coming back for and address and flag the sender as a spammer. You can also
limit the number of messages sent or received per account rather easily once
this infrastructure is in place. (Note: this is now optional in my head)

The one argument against:
Resources- email addresses are short, and easily stored for a "short" time
(for solution #2). The authentication process need not be long or wordy. It
is anticipated that a few spam messages dropped by this scheme will more
than make up for hundreds of authentications (characters by volume)

One other wary point: A spammer can validate an email address by sending a
message and watch for the bounce back authentication request. Therefore all
queries must be as anonymous as possible, and preferably proxied outside the
recipient's domain. This doesn't "fix" the problem, but it does throttle
them back severely. Of course, most forums and newsgroups and email lists
already reveal your address...


Thoughts/comments welcome.

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 10:37:05 -0700 (MST)

> From: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>

> Are spammers really more likely to upgrade software than people who
> run anti-spam software?

Based on my experience in the last couple of years with the DCC, the
answer to that is "yes, most but not all people who run anti-spam
software are less willing to upgrade than spammers."

Perhaps that is because when something is working, spammers as well
as people running anti-spam software perfer to not distrub it.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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David F. Skoll wrote:
> That doesn't mean checksums are useless; on the contrary.  It is a
> worthwhile cause to block spam from unsophisticated spammers.  Just
> because we know we'll never completely stop determined spammers, it
> doesn't mean we should give up on the low-hanging fruit.

Yes. I agree. My recent milter-sender is just this sort of spammer 
speed-bump, it aims to catch the unsophisticated and clueless spammer 
early, but fails for the more sophisticated . I would put forward a 
theory that the majority of spammers are the equivalent of adult 
script kiddies, using tools written by a smaller group of more 
determined more and proficient spammers.

> The best we can hope for is to increase the hassle of spamming.  Every
> extra hoop a spammer has to jump through means a certain percentage of
> spammers will simply give up (or else fail because of lack of
> hoop-jumping.)

Yes. I had expressed a similar sentiment on milter.org.

-- 
Anthony C Howe                            +33 6 11 89 73 78
http://www.snert.com/     ICQ: 7116561      AIM: Sir Wumpus
"Will the real email please stand up..."

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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them
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> 1) Spam only comes from those we don't know.

false.  sometimes spam comes from people who do know me, but 
want to annoy me.
 
> 2) We trust those that we know. The opposite is also true.

False.  knowing someone does not imply trusting him.  knowledge can
often justify distrust.  neither does not knowing someone indicate that
they're not trustworthy.

> 3) Content filters are unacceptable;

false.  content filters are ideal for getting rid of certain
kinds of content.  I can write a filter that reliably recognizes
languages that I cannot read, or attachments that I have zero use for
(like windows executables) and it's perfectly reasonable for me to
discard such things.

what's less reasonable is having someone else discard those things
for me.

> 4) Spam pays because it's cheap

not all spam is connercial.  and spam would exist even if it were
more expensive - it would just be more narrowly targeted.

> 5) Spammers don't care who they are, or who you are - BUT the
> receivers do.

false.  some spam is targeted.
 
> 6) Spammers don't play fair, and bend the rules. Social engineering,
> filter evasion, etc.

spammers don't think there are rules.

Keith
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
References:  <20030309234652.A2878@triton.paganini.net>
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 10:54:57 -0700 (MST)

> From: Marco Paganini <paganini@paganini.net>

> ...
> I'd say that mailing-list confirmations serve two distinct purposes: To warn
> the user that his mailbox will be flooded with messages and to protect the
> list from mass-mailers.

No, that last is not a purpose for mailing list confirmations, because
subscription confirmations do not and cannot do that.  Even lists like
this that accept contributions only from subscribers do not depend on
the subscription confirmations to defend against spam.  Subscription
confirmations do just that.  They confirm that a subscription for the
proposed address is wanted, including the pre-spam purpose of ensuring
that the candidate subscriber is using the right address.


> ...
> > Fine, but "forged" is wrong.  In English "forgery" means "an act of
> > forging; especially the crime of falsely and fraudulently making or
> > altering a document ....

> OK! Give me another word then and I'll use it! :) 

Call it whatever you want, but please stop naming with an intentionally
misleading word (albeit probably not by your intention).   "Verified"
or "checked" seems to me close to what you mean, but please feel free
to call it "kumquat" or anything else that is not misleading if that suits.

The use of "forged" for "mismatch between IP address and sender domain"
and similar things that have nothing to do with "falsely and fraudulently
making" is intentionally misleading.  People extend "forged" from the
cases where it is valid (perhaps as low as 3.6% in your data) to other
cases where it is a lie because detecting, discarding, or rejecting
"forged" mail is a good thing.

As I've said many times in this mailing list, contributions to this
list have been rationalizing design requirements by the misleading
use of "forged."  Even if the world of hobbyist spammer fighters (those
who love to count coup on spammers but don't care about reducing spam)
insists on saying that any mail they don't like is "spam" and that
it's all "forged," our standards must be higher.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
In-reply-to: <20030310125318.4337a583.moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
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Bah, you're barking up the wrong trees.

As I stated, you cannot rely on user filters. There needs to be an
infrastructure-level solution. Filters are fine once the user gets the
message, the infrastructure should strip out illegitimate messages in the
first place.

As your comments:
1) The definition may vary. But if you have friends that want to annoy you,
get new friends, and filter them out. That is, if you can reliably filter
them... (and I challenge you to do so if you can't trust the 'from'
address!)

2) You're taking the word trust way too seriously. Think "be willing to
accept a message from"

3) Here, you are WAAAAAAAAAAY off, and wrong, wrong, wrong! You cannot
assume that what works for you works for others. I'd hate to lose legit mail
to me because it worked for some filter of yours. That said, I think there
is only one filter that we could ever use, and that is that the From: field
must be legit. (minimally not blank)

4) Mute point

5) Whatever.

-----Original Message-----
From: Keith Moore [mailto:moore@cs.utk.edu]
Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 12:53 PM
To: Jason Hihn
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses
them all


> 1) Spam only comes from those we don't know.

false.  sometimes spam comes from people who do know me, but
want to annoy me.

> 2) We trust those that we know. The opposite is also true.

False.  knowing someone does not imply trusting him.  knowledge can
often justify distrust.  neither does not knowing someone indicate that
they're not trustworthy.

> 3) Content filters are unacceptable;

false.  content filters are ideal for getting rid of certain
kinds of content.  I can write a filter that reliably recognizes
languages that I cannot read, or attachments that I have zero use for
(like windows executables) and it's perfectly reasonable for me to
discard such things.

what's less reasonable is having someone else discard those things
for me.

> 4) Spam pays because it's cheap

not all spam is connercial.  and spam would exist even if it were
more expensive - it would just be more narrowly targeted.

> 5) Spammers don't care who they are, or who you are - BUT the
> receivers do.

false.  some spam is targeted.

> 6) Spammers don't play fair, and bend the rules. Social engineering,
> filter evasion, etc.

spammers don't think there are rules.

Keith

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 12:06:39 -0600

I think in this thread Phill and Hadmut bring up another very interesting
point.
 The sharing of technology.
 Some of my dearest and closest friends are other postmasters and system
admins. We can talk about pretty much anything until it come to their
technology and anti-spam techniques. From there, their eyes get squinty and
they start shifting in their seats.
 I would really like to see a technology that does not have to be based on
"My secret anti-spam formula"
Will there be a mechanism or could there be one put into place that would
allow the sharing of information without it being exploited by spammers?
Surely this is a rhetorical question...



Regards,
Damon 

-----Original Message-----
From: Hallam-Baker, Phillip [mailto:pbaker@verisign.com]
Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 11:50 AM
To: Sauer, Damon; 'Hadmut Danisch'
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums


>  Keeping unique MD5's over the lifetime of the system is 
> impractical and
> will eventually start encroaching on the "hammering distance" 
> issue.

Maybe for some, we have infrastructure that handles 6 billion
transactions on data sets of many Gb. So there is an existence
proof at least :-)

If there is a business model this type of scheme can be 
deployed, my concern is that I would prefer we looked at
mechanisms that did not require such quantities of hardware.

Looking at the various spam gangs on the net there are 
major differences in the level of sophistication. The 
Nigerian gangs don't appear to have got much beyond working
out how to use CAPS LOCK. You can detect a risible proportion
of Nigerian letters simply by scanning for 'modalities of the
transaction'.


Rather than use an MD5 approach I would prefer to use 
something that was rather more adaptive and reactive. The 
spam senders can clearly react faster than we can turn out
standards. I think this is a case where Java or C# mobile
code approaches could have an application. This would allow
the fingerprint matching technology to evolve in response
to attempts to defeat it.


One of the features of the cricumvention technology is that
its use can provide some of the best spam indicators. For
example any subject line that has a string of whitespace and
random non text garbage appended at the end has a huge
probability of being spam.

If we get to the point where the only spam being sent is
being sent by a small number of offshore spam houses using
ever more convoluted tactics to defeat spam filtering
technology the business will start to shrink very quickly.


	Phill
 
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From: "Bruce Brown" <bruce.brown@openwave.com>
To: "Vernon Schryver" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, <Asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Vernon Schryver
> Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 10:05 AM
> To: Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
> 
> 
> Other spammers know that their target lists tend to fill with garbage
> as addresses are abandoned and as target address harvesting mechanisms
> get confused (e.g. by message-IDs).  They know that some major ISPs
> by rumor including AOL automatically blacklist STMP clients by IP
> address after too many bad target addresses.  This provides a strong
> incentive for spammers to clean their target lists.  To do that, they
> need drop-boxes get delivery failure notifications.
> 
This seems to argue that there should be no feedback to spammer to
allow them easy means to clean their lists, since bad RcptTo may
trigger spammer detection.
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 10:24:45 -0800

> Reading some of the spams I receive I found that many of them seem
> to be sent with the very same software and address list. There are
> billions of spam, but only a few spamming tools. All it takes is just
> a simple software upgrade to the next version of the tools to defeat
> that hash method. Once spammers learn how to do it, all spammers will
> know how to do it. There is not significant number of "low-hanging
> fruit".


But consider what happens when you use mobile code to describe the 
hash function. You can respond to the circumvention techniques as
the spam senders apply them. 

This is how satelite TV companies keep card piracy at acceptable levels.
PThey don't shut off a pirate card immediately, they let a number
of customers develop then they kill it when doing so does maximum
damage to the pirate's reputation.

Even though the script kiddies do have access to ever better tools
the white hats are almost always ahead.

The apamware companies have a big problem that script writers do not,
they want to make money from their code. So it takes them much longer
to react than the opposition.

		Phill
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To: Mark Delany <tcrcn-6ugsc@qmda.emu.st>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Should email have semantics?
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 10:24:44 -0800

Summary - mixing control and data in the same channel causes problems

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Mark Delany [mailto:tcrcn-6ugsc@qmda.emu.st]
> Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 11:39 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Should email have semantics?
> 
> 
> We pretty much use email as a form of universal transport. While there
> are mechanisms to express the type of content (such as MIME) no
> formal mechanisms exist to express actions or consent that are
> embedded in the email exchanges. As a consequence, we have an
> unimaginable menagerie of ad hoc expressions of actions and consent.
> 
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them
 all
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> As I stated, you cannot rely on user filters.

filters are perfectly reliable for some things.  user filters
are not ideal because the infrastructure still has to carry the
messages, but it's misleading to say that they're not reliable.

> There needs to be an infrastructure-level solution. Filters are fine
> once the user gets the message, the infrastructure should strip out
> illegitimate messages in the first place.

who decides what is illegitimate?

> As your comments:
> 1) The definition may vary. But if you have friends that want to annoy
> you, get new friends, and filter them out. That is, if you can
> reliably filter them... (and I challenge you to do so if you can't
> trust the 'from' address!)

filters don't have to be perfectly reliable to be useful.  (some people 
have big enough egos that they won't change their from addresses, so
it's still useful to filter on their addresses.)

as for your challenge - just as an example, I'm willing to accept a
pgp-signed message from someone I trust as long as I can verify the
signature, and I don't care what the From address is.

> You cannot assume that what works for you works for others. 

I don't assume that.  I agree with you entirely that filters have to be
recipient-specific.  however that doesn't mean that they have to be
implemented at the recipient's end.

> That said, I think there is only one filter that we could ever use,
> and that is that the From: field must be legit. (minimally not blank)

there are probably a few others, but not many.


Keith
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 11:05:03 -0700 (MST)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> ...
> Now I will grant that it's possible that the guy who sent email from 
> Russia through a server in Italy in order to spam me in the United 
> States actually *did* have a Hotmail account at the time the first 
> message was sent.  I don't know why he would have bothered, but it's 
> possible.
>
> Can you explain why you think that person would have set up an 
> account just so that it could get shut down immediately?  And why you 
> think this matters?

I've repeatedly pointed out reasons why that is not just possible but
quite likely.  Contrary to spammer fighter religious dogma, many
(but certainly not all) spammers care very much about receiving
"bounces" and "removes."  Many spammers honestly think that letting
their targets opt-out is the right thing to do.  That's why you often
seen pleas in spam that you not ask ISPs to cancel "remove" drop-boxes.

Other spammers know that their target lists tend to fill with garbage
as addresses are abandoned and as target address harvesting mechanisms
get confused (e.g. by message-IDs).  They know that some major ISPs
by rumor including AOL automatically blacklist STMP clients by IP
address after too many bad target addresses.  This provides a strong
incentive for spammers to clean their target lists.  To do that, they
need drop-boxes get delivery failure notifications.

Why do you think Yahoo or Hotmail (I've forgotten which) has deployed
mechanisms to prevent robots from creating free drop boxes?  Who do
you think might needs to create so many free drop boxes that they'd
use software?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 10:12:47 -0800

why not just create a whole new closed email system based on SMTP but 
not backwards compatible. and then make the sign up for that system 
VERY comprehensive, like getting a drivers licence (or at least a 
combination of factors that could not be easily falsified or 
randomized) and maybe apply real world penalties for abuse of the 
system. essentially filter out spammers at the root level. email is a 
very powerful communication tool, maybe the people who are so adverse 
to spam should take it more seriously. for the shady characters who 
prefer to remain anonymous they can stay in the old system.
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 11:20:51 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> > 1.	Spam Prevention Approaches -  These systems aim to prevent the
> > spread of spam messages. There are fail-open and fail-closed systems.
>
> With my spokeperson hat on I prefer the terms 'Detect Wanted' and
> 'Detect Junk'. I am not going to use any term that involves the
> word 'fail' with a journalist when talking about my work or
> company products.
> ...

That's almost but quite right.  Besides using the forbidden word "fail,"
I needed a few seconds to understand "fail open/closed."
"Detect Wanted" is ok, but "Detect Junk" is not for the same reason that
"fail something" is not.  "Detect Unwanted" would be better.

Personally, think "reject by default" and "accept by default"
are better still.


> ...
> I think that legal/legislative approaches should rank a bullet here. We
> should also mention vigilante actions such as teergrubbing and hackback, I
> don't approve of these, they create far more problems than people claim.

Teergrubbing sounds silly to people who know that some spamware uses
illegal SMTP command pipelining.  Some spammers send send the entire
client SMTP transaction including the ending TCP FIN before the STMP
server has finished doing the reverse DNS lookup to decide whether to
post its banner.  Whether the STMP server delays 10 ms or 10 hours is
of no concern to them.  

Yes, not withstanding my recent claim that other spammers want to hear
5yz-no-such-user responses so that they can clean their target lists
to avoid AOL's filters.  There are currently on a few spammers, but
they are incredibly diverse.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 11:29:02 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Bruce Brown" <bruce.brown@openwave.com>

> ...
> > Other spammers know that their target lists tend to fill with garbage
> > as addresses are abandoned and as target address harvesting mechanisms
> > get confused (e.g. by message-IDs).  They know that some major ISPs
> > by rumor including AOL automatically blacklist STMP clients by IP
> > address after too many bad target addresses.  This provides a strong
> > incentive for spammers to clean their target lists.  To do that, they
> > need drop-boxes get delivery failure notifications.
>
> This seems to argue that there should be no feedback to spammer to
> allow them easy means to clean their lists, since bad RcptTo may
> trigger spammer detection.

Those of us (and there are many) who use "traps" try to keep them
popular among spammers.  We never report spam received by our traps,
because we cannot know whether the address of the trap is hidden in
a Message-ID or Received queue-ID, hidden in the pattern of blanks,
capitalization, and punctuation in the body, or could be guessed by
checking IP addresses and dates in sender logs.  

On the other hand, it is even more important that every false positive
generate an SMTP error response or a "bounce."  Every spam defense
used on mailboxes intended to receive mail from strangers has some
false positives, if you define "false positive" broadly.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 18:18:29 +0000

> 
> Here's how. Each message must have a valid from address. This address is
> validated against and ISP's database. If the account exists, then the
> mail
> is allowed to be received, otherwise it is thrown in the trash. It's very
> much like putting a return address on an envelope, but since
> computers/networks are so fast we can verify in real time that it is
> fast.
> Any mail without a return address gets put in the trash (and this is


Sadly, the network isn't guaranteed to be either fast or reliable.
A system like this has to cope with "TEMPFAIL" type situations.

Also this kind of technique imposes a cost on victims of forged from
addresses. This has been covered before (so why am I saying it again?)
While this isn't a fatal objection - it doesn't seem at all fair.

 




--
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Subject: [Asrg] taxonomy of solutions, including some new items
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 13:30:51 -0500

Here is a taxonomy I did over the weekend.  I tried to bend it into
a list of additions to Paul Judge's, but I feel that the categories
overlap and that both the Paul Judge draft and the Hadmut Danisch draft
offer a premature binding to processes or dataflow.  For example, many
of the classifiers contribute something to both identifying unwanted or
identifying unwanted.

For ease of use, '+' marks new items that I have not observed on previous
lists, but which are already "out there" being implemented by somebody,
and '**' marks items that nobody has implemented yet (that I am aware).


Taxonomy of solutions

    - content filtering
        - heuristics (content, headers, paths, combinations of any feature below)
        - learning

    - network-address-indexed blacklists
        - open relay blacklists
        - open proxy blacklists
        + dialup lists
    - content-indexed blacklists
        - bulk detectors (DCC)
        - collaborative filters (Razor, Pyzor)
        ** URLS and phone numbers

    - sender whitelists
        - basic recipient-administered
        - sender verified as human
            - challenge/response, Turing test
        - third-party trust/reputation
    - recipient whitelists
        - tagged/disposable addresses
    - sender accountability
        - digital signature
        - non-repudiation
        + auditing-based (Bonded Sender)

    - sender pays
        - proof-of-work/cycles (hashcash)
        - micropayments

    - protocol hints or restrictions
        ** associate permissible (env-sender,src-addr) (RMX, Designated Sender, Vixie MAIL_FROM)
        - rate limiting (ingress or egress)
        + teergrube/tarpit

    + honeypot spam recipients for rapid acquisition/analysis of spam content (MessageLabs commercial service)

    ** consent verification

    - legal
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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>  Even lists like
> this that accept contributions only from subscribers do not depend on
> the subscription confirmations to defend against spam. 

sigh.  the list may or may not 'depend' on this, but the combination of
subscription confirmations and accepting postings only from confirmed
subscribers does catch a lot of spam ... today.  it might not work so
well once spammers figure out that they can automate sending
subscription requests and confirmations - often they can even arrange
that they not actually get the mail from the lists at the same time.

Keith

p.s. seems like we are having a lot of difficulty understanding each
other due to a lack of precision in our language. words like "spam",
"forgery","legitimate" mean different things to different people.  
the other source of misunderstanding that I've noticed has to do with
assumptions about context.  statements of the form "X won't work"
often seem to carry an implicit "... for purpose Y", which results
in responses of the form "X works just fine" (for purpose Z).
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 10:33:39 -0800

> it's fine with me if you declare it spam for your purposes, as long as
> you don't insist that it be spam for everyone else's purposes.

I think the definition should be 'unwanted by the recipient'. 

So yes, if you send me a bunch of out of office mails and a bunch of 
callback loop questions, I will consider it spam.

	Phill
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From: Liudvikas Bukys <bukys@cs.rochester.edu>
To: asrg@ietf.org
cc: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>, bukys@cs.rochester.edu
Subject: [Asrg] inventory of problems
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 13:35:04 -0500

Along the way to writing my inventory of solutions,
I wrote up an inventory of problems.  I see these as
the antecedents of the solutions, and also a useful
checklist anticipating the counter-counter-measures
of the spammers.

Evading accountability
	- forging envelope sender
	- forging From header

Exploitation of weak systems
	- exploit open smtp relay
	- exploit insecure web services (cgi formmail)
	- exploit open proxies (HTTP CONNECT, HTTP)

Aggressive database generation
	- directory harvesting (web, LDAP)
	- name guessing & probing
	- name guessing without probing [selling bogus data to others]
	- inappropriate database sharing/selling

Inadequate opt-in
	- no actual opt-in
	- deceptive opt-in
	- single opt-in without confirmation

Inadequate opt-out
	- opt-out not implemented
	- opt-out ineffective (pro forma removal from one list not all)
	- opt-out untimely
	- opt-out difficult to execute
	- opt-out hostile (used only for address verification & enrollment in even more databases)

Evasion of automated filters
	- content randomization
	- eyespace transformation
		- misspelling
		- punctuation and spacing
		- substitution of visually similar characters
		- html coding tricks
			- slice&dice tables
			- javascript-generated content
			- font size/color/background
	- mime multipart encoding
	- inclusion of non-spam chaff (visible or invisible)
	- content in images, not text
	- content in other external links

Evasion of human caution
	- fake DSN
	- fake content resembling common cgi-to-mail
	- "returned your call", "your account has a credit", etc

Not a real business
	- spam as chain letter/pyramid, selling software and bogus data to the naive
	- spam as DoS attack, no real solicitation in content

False claims
	- false claims regarding opt-in

Fraud & Crime
	- Nigerian 419
	- eBay password/credit card theft
	- payPal password/credit card theft
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To: matthew richards <matt@larkinam.com>
From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 18:37:57 +0000
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On Monday, Mar 10, 2003, at 18:12 Europe/London, matthew richards wrote:

> why not just create a whole new closed email system based on SMTP but 
> not backwards compatible. and then make the sign up for that system 
> VERY comprehensive, like getting a drivers licence (or at least a 
> combination of factors that could not be easily falsified or 
> randomized) and maybe apply real world penalties for abuse of the 
> system. essentially filter out spammers at the root level. email is a 
> very powerful communication tool, maybe the people who are so adverse 
> to spam should take it more seriously. for the shady characters who 
> prefer to remain anonymous they can stay in the old system.

Who do you trust enough to run this system? Microsoft? Verisign (sorry 
Phill!)? Your Government? My Government? A completely free and open 
system run by anonymous hackers?

Matt.

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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums
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>  Some of my dearest and closest friends are other postmasters and  
>  system admins. We can talk about pretty much anything until it come
>  to their technology and anti-spam techniques. From there, their eyes
>  get squinty and they start shifting in their seats.

I suspect this is because many of us realize that 

a) currently, our most effective filters are based on content
   (even acknowledging the problems with this kind of filter)
b) most of these filters only work as long as the spammers don't know
   about them.

so the longer we can keep our spam filters secret, the longer they'll
work for us.

there's also something to be said for diversity.  the more uniform our
filters become, the easier it will be for spammers to avoid them.

Keith
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 19:38:16 +0100

On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 11:05:03AM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> Contrary to spammer fighter religious dogma, many
> (but certainly not all) spammers care very much about receiving
> "bounces" and "removes."  Many spammers honestly think that letting
> their targets opt-out is the right thing to do.



Hooray! Yippee! We've got it. We have the final and ultimate solution. 
We can close the group, no need to develop DNS extensions, content
filters, and other witchcraft. All we need to do is just
send a "remove" reply to opt out. Why didn't you say this earlier, 
you could have saved me a whole week of following that group.


Hadmut

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> Summary - mixing control and data in the same channel causes problems

nope, you can have the same problem even if the control is out-of-band.

Keith
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 13:39:33 -0500
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> > it's fine with me if you declare it spam for your purposes, as long
> > as you don't insist that it be spam for everyone else's purposes.
> 
> I think the definition should be 'unwanted by the recipient'. 

works for me.  but if we can't all agree on this, let's just use more
precise terms and get on with more substantive issues...

Keith
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> > From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
> 
> > I think Keith is wrong here, the objective should be to get 
> rid of unwanted
> > email of any type. Decding what we call spam is beside the point.
> > ...
> 
> I strongly disagree.  We should not be worrying about all possible
> notions of unwanted email, but only about email that damages the

I think we should accept the fact that there are some types of spam
that we are not going to want to address.

I will update the definition:

"Any email sent indiscriminately that is unwanted by the recipient"


So this includes DJBs callback loop, out of office sent to mailing
lists, pretty much all UCE.

It does not automatically include information that might be 
indiscriminated but wanted. For example, if there was a major 
emergency incident in Boston, Cingular might send a warning message
to everyone with a RIM to not go there. It would be indiscriminate 
but in most cases the message would be wanted.

Of course these are human judgements and there will be an element
of fuzz in whatever comes out. We are not going to create a magic
bullet. However we can probably create a system that means that 
nobody can persist in sending spam for very long.

		Phill
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] email licences 
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 11:55:59 -0700

On Mon, 10 Mar 2003 18:37:57 +0000  Matt Sergeant wrote:
 +------------------
 | On Monday, Mar 10, 2003, at 18:12 Europe/London, matthew richards wrote:
 | 
 | > why not just create a whole new closed email system based on SMTP but 
 | > not backwards compatible. and then make the sign up for that system 
 | > VERY comprehensive, like getting a drivers licence (or at least a 
 | > combination of factors that could not be easily falsified or 
 | > randomized) and maybe apply real world penalties for abuse of the 
 | > system. essentially filter out spammers at the root level. email is a 
 | > very powerful communication tool, maybe the people who are so adverse 
 | > to spam should take it more seriously. for the shady characters who 
 | > prefer to remain anonymous they can stay in the old system.
 | 
 | Who do you trust enough to run this system? Microsoft? Verisign (sorry 
 | Phill!)? Your Government? My Government? A completely free and open 
 | system run by anonymous hackers?
 +------------------

This kind of system has been created with some degree of success
for Internet2.  'Course there is a sugar daddy paying for lots of
that work.  It's unlikely that such a system could have been built
from a grass roots effort.

Still there is nothing to say that a subscription based SMTP
meta-network could not be built on the public Internet based on
communities of trust.  The big question is wether such a system
would be sufficient.

--
    Chris Fedde
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 19:57:47 +0100

On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 10:24:45AM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> 
> But consider what happens when you use mobile code to describe the 
> hash function. You can respond to the circumvention techniques as
> the spam senders apply them. 
> 
> This is how satelite TV companies keep card piracy at acceptable levels.
> PThey don't shut off a pirate card immediately, they let a number
> of customers develop then they kill it when doing so does maximum
> damage to the pirate's reputation.


That's exactly the point why it won't work:

TV companies:
   Many attackers, few defenders only. It's like dogs hunting the
   rabbit. The rabbit can react on the moves of the dogs and
   can rapidly change it's way, run zigzag, and so on, because it
   can immediately change it's running direction without discussion.

Spam:
   Few attackers, many defenders. It's like a shark in a cluster
   of fishes. The rabbit's defense method will fail for the fishes.

   That's why adaptive hash techniques requiring the defenders to 
   change their "secret formula" or to upgrade their software
   continuously are doomed to fail. Sorry. 

Hadmut
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 13:57:21 -0500

Just a few comments on what I called the unimplemented ideas in
my preceding note on taxonomy of solutions:

** consent verification

	When I saw the ASRG charter, I leaped to the conclusion that a
	consent model would be useful for two reasons:	(1) to contribute
	to a rigorous careful discussion, and (2) to produce human- and
	machine-readable representations of consent that would be useful
	for such things as:
	- reducing the "I didn't know any better" gray-area excuse of
	  spammers regarding opt-in, opt-out, and database reselling
	- making life better for users by causing practices to converge on
	  consent that is explicit, self-documenting and user-accessible,
	  establishing standardized representations (similar to DSNs),
	  and offering choices that are "good enough" but much lighter-
	  weight than, say, PKI.

	Is this what the chair was thinking?

	[Let me also leap ahead and say that, yes, legitimate large
	emailers would benefit from explicit consent standards, but,
	no, I am not a "friend of spammers".]


- content-indexed blacklists
    ** URLS and phone numbers

	Actually I believe that Paul Graham touched on this, regarding
	what you do to analyze content when the message body itself is
	driven by content filters to become innocuous.	Presumably all
	spam other than DoS spam has some ground to the real world in
	order to make transactions.


- protocol hints or restrictions
    ** associate permissible (env-sender,src-addr) (RMX, Designated Sender, Vixie MAIL_FROM)

	We've had lots of discussion on this already.  Forgive me if I'm
	wrong in lumping all three proposals into an equivalance class.
	Although wide adoption would be a significant change of lifestyle
	for many, it is (as Vixie's document notes) a voluntary effort by
	domain owners and MTA operators.  The benefit of some "joe job"
	reduction, plus its voluntary adoption, seems like a "do no harm"
	to me.
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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'Vernon Schryver'" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Nucleus of a draft BCP on filtering
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 14:02:35 -0500

 Protocol vs. Filtering- The distinction is rough vs. fine tuning.

There are stages in which anti-spam may be applied and I think that maybe it
would be helpful to define at which stage the suggestion is to be
implemented or deployed for it to be effective.

Rough is to destroy spam en masse.
Fine is to filter email from ex-spouse, annoying friends, and the boss.


1) Source: Service providers detecting and eliminating spam before it leaves
their network.

2) Receiver: Service providers detecting and eliminating spam before it is
delivered to the recipient.

3) Individual: Software that resides on the consumers computing vassal.

1 and 2 can accomplish anti-spam from a protocol based system (rough
filtering)
1,2 and 3 can accomplish anti-spam from a filtering based system (rough
filtering by 1 and fine filtering accomplished by 2 and 3)

I could add:

4) Hybrid: Collaboration between 1 and sending computing vassal.
5) Hybrid: Collaboration between 1 and 2
6) Hybrid: Collaboration between 2 and 3


 Fine filtering would be up to 2 and 3 as to how this is going to be
accomplished. Corporations would surely be doing more fine filtering than
the individual. ISP's would most likely do less, if able to hand software to
the individual to do their own fine filtering.




Regards,
Damon Sauer


-----Original Message-----
From: Vernon Schryver [mailto:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com]
Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 12:27 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Nucleus of a draft BCP on filtering


> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> I think Keith is wrong here, the objective should be to get rid of
unwanted
> email of any type. Decding what we call spam is beside the point.
> ...

I strongly disagree.  We should not be worrying about all possible
notions of unwanted email, but only about email that damages the
system, either technically or otherwise, such as by making mail less
useful to users.  Communications from ex-spouses and creditors is
often unwanted, but does not harm the system.  Only bulk mail 
can harm the system.

It is not that it is impossible to consider mechanisms to deal with
broader classes of unwanted email, but that goals with well defined
limits are vital for success in any design effort.

Besides, mechanisms to deal with unwanted mail that is not bulk are
well established and very widely available.  Most of the so called
spam filters offered by ISPs are suitable for rejecting mail from
creditors and ex-spouses.

If the mechanisms for dealing with unwanted bulk mail turn out to also
be effective against other kinds of unwanted mail, then fine.  Dealing
with dumb jokes from your mother-in-law should not be a goal here.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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*****
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which it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary, and/or
privileged material.  Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 14:04:57 -0500 (EST)

On Mon, 10 Mar 2003, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> Spam:
>    Few attackers, many defenders. It's like a shark in a cluster
>    of fishes. The rabbit's defense method will fail for the fishes.

No, not at all.  It works for *most* of the fish.

>    That's why adaptive hash techniques requiring the defenders to
>    change their "secret formula" or to upgrade their software
>    continuously are doomed to fail. Sorry.

It depends what you mean by "fail".  If you mean "never stop much spam",
then I think you're wrong.  If you mean "become ineffective after a certain
period of time", then you're right.

I haven't seen an anti-spam tool or proposal that's (a) practical and
(b) will retain its effectiveness for a long time (let's say more than
a year) without updates, and I'm not holding my breath.

--
David.
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From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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> I think we should accept the fact that there are some types of spam
> that we are not going to want to address.

I think it's premature to start trying to prune the problem.  Our job
for now is to try to understand what is feasible.  If we find out that
it's infeasible to address all types of unwanted mail, so be it -
but let's not presume that (much less accept it as "the fact")

Keith
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To: jhihn@paytimepayroll.com
From: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 19:07:10 +0000

Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com> wrote:
>
>Observations:
>1) Spam only comes from those we don't know. 

Not if it's forged, Outlook worms being the most common example.

>This system seems easily implemented, and will go a long way to
>eliminate/cut down/make filterable the spam.

SMTP callout address verification is already in use, although it isn't
a complete solution owing to the number of servers out there that do
recipient address checking very late. It also causes problems because
of the number of servers that do not accept email with a null reverse
path, and the number of users that want to receive email from people
with broken setups. It relies on SMTP servers leaking information about
valid addresses, which some don't like from a privacy point of view,
and others don't like because it makes dictionary attacks easier.

Your scheme implies (somewhat unclearly) a per-message component to
the checking, which would require me to tell all my MXs (or some other
authoritative entity in my domain) about all the email I send so that
the recipients can check it.

Tony.
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 12:37:18 -0700 (MST)

> From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>

> ...
> I don't assume that.  I agree with you entirely that filters have to be
> recipient-specific.  however that doesn't mean that they have to be
> implemented at the recipient's end.
> ...

Ok, but another of your messages seemed to be trying to define "consent"
in terms of individual filters.  I think that is a bad idea.

"Consent" should not include notions such as "has a From header value
that is valid according to RFC 2822 and a body no larger than 10
KBytes."  The mail that you consent to must to be tied to its sender
more than to its superficial technical characteristics.

It would be nice to be able to consent to some messages smaller than
10 KBytes from a sender but not to larger messages, but that sort
of thing is an infinite rat hole.

A problem with the technical characteristics definition of consent is
exemplified by one of your examples.  Consent needs to be something
that can be easily communicated with the message itself (perhaps by
reference) and checked potentially checked earlier than the target's
user interface.  Your example of the more than dozen technical
characteristics fails this criterion so badly I first thought it was
a joke.

An expression of "consent" must not require a MByte in a Turing-complete
language.  Even a statement in a first-order predicate calculus is
too complex.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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I'm not concerned. Get the spam off the net, and watch reliability go up.
;-)

I don't think the resources required to implement temp fail to be that
substantial.
Furthermore, currently victims of forged addresses have to face the wrath of
the receivers of the forged email. This way, the email would be rejected.

Once this solution was in wide-enough adoption, forged addresses would be
useless and pointless anyway, thereby making it a mute point.


-----Original Message-----
From: Jon Kyme [mailto:jrk@merseymail.com]
Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 1:18 PM
To: Jason Hihn
Cc: ASRG
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses
them all


>
> Here's how. Each message must have a valid from address. This address is
> validated against and ISP's database. If the account exists, then the
> mail
> is allowed to be received, otherwise it is thrown in the trash. It's very
> much like putting a return address on an envelope, but since
> computers/networks are so fast we can verify in real time that it is
> fast.
> Any mail without a return address gets put in the trash (and this is


Sadly, the network isn't guaranteed to be either fast or reliable.
A system like this has to cope with "TEMPFAIL" type situations.

Also this kind of technique imposes a cost on victims of forged from
addresses. This has been covered before (so why am I saying it again?)
While this isn't a fatal objection - it doesn't seem at all fair.






--

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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
In-reply-to: <20030310132606.3c12adb0.moore@cs.utk.edu>
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Your filter tactics are insufficient. They bury your head in the sand. Spam
is increasing on the network. It carries a cost, and therefore it increases
costs. To filter it at an end-point does nothing to deliver us from the
costs of delivering it.

It must be a network-centric method and not an end point method that is used
to reduce spam.
By using filters, (lets say) 1/4 of all traffic being email and 80% of email
traffic ends up in the filter's trash can. That's convertible to a dollar
figure. And that is waste. Filters do nothing to reduce the costs and
wastes. You can try ignoring spam, but it keeps coming.

I'd support filters if they only did the tar-pit type of thing. Because
there no one loses a message, it just takes forever if the filter is wrong.
But I digress...

-----Original Message-----
From: Keith Moore [mailto:moore@cs.utk.edu]
Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 1:26 PM
To: Jason Hihn
Cc: moore@cs.utk.edu; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses
them all


> As I stated, you cannot rely on user filters.

filters are perfectly reliable for some things.  user filters
are not ideal because the infrastructure still has to carry the
messages, but it's misleading to say that they're not reliable.

> There needs to be an infrastructure-level solution. Filters are fine
> once the user gets the message, the infrastructure should strip out
> illegitimate messages in the first place.

who decides what is illegitimate?

> As your comments:
> 1) The definition may vary. But if you have friends that want to annoy
> you, get new friends, and filter them out. That is, if you can
> reliably filter them... (and I challenge you to do so if you can't
> trust the 'from' address!)

filters don't have to be perfectly reliable to be useful.  (some people
have big enough egos that they won't change their from addresses, so
it's still useful to filter on their addresses.)

as for your challenge - just as an example, I'm willing to accept a
pgp-signed message from someone I trust as long as I can verify the
signature, and I don't care what the From address is.

> You cannot assume that what works for you works for others.

I don't assume that.  I agree with you entirely that filters have to be
recipient-specific.  however that doesn't mean that they have to be
implemented at the recipient's end.

> That said, I think there is only one filter that we could ever use,
> and that is that the From: field must be legit. (minimally not blank)

there are probably a few others, but not many.


Keith

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> Teergrubbing sounds silly to people who know that some spamware uses
> illegal SMTP command pipelining.  Some spammers send send the entire
> client SMTP transaction including the ending TCP FIN before the STMP
> server has finished doing the reverse DNS lookup to decide whether to
> post its banner.  Whether the STMP server delays 10 ms or 10 hours is
> of no concern to them.  

Ah but you don't understand, 182% of spam is sent through open relays.
So the teergrubbing encourages people to close the open relays - NOT.

The teergrubbing idea sounds to me to be clueless, particularly if let
loose on the general population where we will see folk using it on the
most flimsy of pretexts.

There are people who are aggressively pushing these ideas and we should
address them for that reason alone, even if it is highly unlikely we 
would ever endorse them.

I don't think that any of the bulk sender stuff would be caught by 
teergrubbing, they must have checks in there to stop them being held up
by slow sites. Heck you have that in most mailing list software.

		Phill

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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
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Absolutely. This is the only way it could work. It costs money & resources
to fight a war. I firmly believe that the costs of fighting this war
outweigh the expenses of not fighting it.

Yes, there is some leakage, but no more than can be found by going through
newsgroups, BBSs, mailing list archives and the like...


-----Original Message-----
From: Tony Finch [mailto:fanf@chiark.greenend.org.uk]On Behalf Of Tony
Finch
Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 2:07 PM
To: jhihn@paytimepayroll.com
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses
them all


Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com> wrote:
>
>Observations:
>1) Spam only comes from those we don't know.

Not if it's forged, Outlook worms being the most common example.

>This system seems easily implemented, and will go a long way to
>eliminate/cut down/make filterable the spam.

SMTP callout address verification is already in use, although it isn't
a complete solution owing to the number of servers out there that do
recipient address checking very late. It also causes problems because
of the number of servers that do not accept email with a null reverse
path, and the number of users that want to receive email from people
with broken setups. It relies on SMTP servers leaking information about
valid addresses, which some don't like from a privacy point of view,
and others don't like because it makes dictionary attacks easier.

Your scheme implies (somewhat unclearly) a per-message component to
the checking, which would require me to tell all my MXs (or some other
authoritative entity in my domain) about all the email I send so that
the recipients can check it.

Tony.
--
f.a.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
CAPE WRATH TO RATTRAY HEAD INCLUDING ORKNEY: SOUTHWEST 6 OR 7, EASING 4 OR
5,
THEN VEERING NORTH OR NORTHEAST 7 OR GALE 8. SHOWERS. MODERATE OR GOOD.
ROUGH,
LOCALLY VERY ROUGH OR HIGH LATER.

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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 19:41:47 +0000

On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 11:05:03AM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> > From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
> I've repeatedly pointed out reasons why that is not just possible but
> quite likely.  Contrary to spammer fighter religious dogma, many
> (but certainly not all) spammers care very much about receiving
> "bounces" and "removes."  Many spammers honestly think that letting
> their targets opt-out is the right thing to do.

In that case, things have changed a lot since April 2002. 

	http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2002/04/spam.htm:
	In another initiative, Netforce partners tested whether "remove
	me" or "unsubscribe" options in spam were being honored. From
	e-mail forwarded to the FTC's database, the agencies culled
	more than 200 e-mails that purported to allow recipients to
	remove their name from a spam list. The agencies set up dummy
	e-mail accounts to test the pledges, but discovered that the
	vast majority of addresses to which they sent the requests
	were invalid. Most of the "remove me" requests did not get
	through. Based on information gathered by the Netforce, the FTC
	has sent more than 75 letters warning spammers that deceptive
	"removal" claims in unsolicited e-mail are illegal.

--j.
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 12:47:21 -0700 (MST)

> From: Liudvikas Bukys <bukys@cs.rochester.edu>

> Along the way to writing my inventory of solutions,
> I wrote up an inventory of problems.  I see these as
> the antecedents of the solutions, and also a useful
> checklist anticipating the counter-counter-measures
> of the spammers.
> ...

Such checklists are invaluable resources to spammers.  Most spammers
are not technically proficient, and judging from the spam I've seen,
no significant spammer is technically competent enough to produce that
checklist.  If this mailing list were shut down today, it would have
proven quite harmful to the good guys because of that checklist.

I don't intend to say that it should not have been posted, but to urge
caution.  This is a public list whose archives will soon be indexed
by the search engines.  It would be a shame if the only results from
this effort are a lot of noise and some cookbooks and checklists for
spammers.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 11:57:14 -0800

All,

	It would be usefull to see some empirical info that measures the
following:

1) Spam transport mechanisms
	Percentage of spam sent through open relays
	Percentage of spam that has a bogus from address
	Percentage of spam that does not comply with RFC 822

2) Spam subject matter
	Section 419 Fraud
	Pornography
	Consumer scams
	Spm to sell spam

3) Evidence of anti-spam techniques
	Mutating subject lines


	It would be good if some of the people with access to large spam
corpuses could take a look at these. Although I don't think that we
necessarily need to know much more than you would get from lumping stuff
into buckets of 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-50%, 50%-90%, 90-95% and 95-100%. Either
something is common or it is not.

In addition there are a bunch of phenomena that I think deserve a bit more
investigation. One of these is bogus spam. There is an advert for septic
tank fluid going round that is clearly not sent to send septic tank fluid. I
think that it is being sent to try to sell spam, legitimizing the concept,
leading idiots to think it must work etc.


		Phill
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 20:54:34 +0100

Another one of these false positives.

Any idea how I triggered that ?

Hadmut



----- Forwarded message from Root <root@pop.snert.net> -----

> From: Root <root@pop.snert.net>
> To: hadmut@danisch.de
> Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 20:22:14 +0100
> Subject: Unsolicited bulk email discarded.
> 
> Your message:
> 
>      Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
> 
> has been identified as unsolicited bulk email (SPAM) and discarded.
> 
> Thank you, 
> 
> SPAM Counter Measures

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here's an expanded version of one I posted earlier:

I. ways to classify messages

   i.e. what are the things about a message that might cause it
   to be handled differently from other messages?

   note: this is independent of where the classification is done -
   it could be done at any or all of: sender UA, sender MTA, 
   relaying MTA, recipient's MTA, recipient's message store,
   recipient's UA. 

   - content analysis - looking at characteristcs of messages,
     using either static or dynamic criteria.

   - originator identification/authentication/tracing
     (e.g. if you can reliably tell whether a message is coming from a
     known spammer, or merely someone of unknown reputation, or someone
     you know.  this happens at various levels of granularity - 
     you might know the ISP that is originating the mail, or you 
     might know what business has that IP address block, or you
     might know the specific MTA, or you might be able to identify
     the sender via some kind of authentication, either in the
     message or out-of-band (say SMTP authentication).)

     examples:
     - digital signatures (e.g. S/MIME, PGP)
     - checking source IP address/port against domain
     - using source IP address/port/time to identify sender
     - sender identity field added by source ISP
     - RMX ??

   - trustworthiness indication (see below)

   - validity checking, e.g
     - is the From address valid?
     - are the received fields plausible?

   - sender-specific recipient addresses - used to enable different
     filters to be used for different senders

   - tools for looking at message delivery path/characteristics
     example: # of total recipients, # of invalid recipients


II.  ways to handle messages of different classifications

     i.e. given that you can separate messages into different
     categories, what different kinds of things can you do with them?
     (again, this is independent of where the action is taken)

     - relay/deliver
     - bounce
     - discard
     - filter (e.g. removal of viruses, annoying HTML, whatever)
     - delay (teergrube does something like this)
     - accept with low probability


III.  recipient feedback mechanisms 
      (ways to allow recipient to indicate what he/she doesn't want)
     
     - aggregated
	     - automated complaint handling, blacklists
	     - collaborative filtering

     - per-recipient
	     - per-recipient blacklists, whitelists, filters
	       (recipient says "I don't want messages sent to > 1000
		recipients"  or "I can't read Korean")
	     - opt-in, opt-out

VI.  mechanisms to increase the burden of sending mail
     (and thus increase the burden on spammers)

  - increase the monetary cost (e-postage)
  - require sender to incur computational overhead
  - challenge/response
    (require sender to reply to an automatic response)
  - rate limiting


VII. mechanisms to establish sender trustworthiness 

  - authentication - recipient can verify who the sender is
  - vouching - recipient is told that a third-party vouches
    for the sender to not send spam (e.g. Habeas)
  - bonded sender - recipient can collect money if the message
    turns out to be spam.

VIII.  social mechanisms  (not under our control, but part of the
      picture)

  - anti-spam laws
  - boycotts of spammers and those who harbor them

IX.  means of identifying sources of spam

  - fake addresses that don't correspond to real people designed
    to attract spam.



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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 13:17:51 -0700 (MST)

> From: Justin Mason <jm@jmason.org>


> > quite likely.  Contrary to spammer fighter religious dogma, many
> > (but certainly not all) spammers care very much about receiving
> > "bounces" and "removes."  Many spammers honestly think that letting
> > their targets opt-out is the right thing to do.
>
> In that case, things have changed a lot since April 2002. 
>
> 	http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2002/04/spam.htm:
> 	In another initiative, Netforce partners tested whether "remove
> 	me" or "unsubscribe" options in spam were being honored. From
> 	e-mail forwarded to the FTC's database, the agencies culled
> 	more than 200 e-mails that purported to allow recipients to
> 	remove their name from a spam list. The agencies set up dummy
> 	e-mail accounts to test the pledges, but discovered that the
> 	vast majority of addresses to which they sent the requests
> 	were invalid. Most of the "remove me" requests did not get
> 	through. Based on information gathered by the Netforce, the FTC
> 	has sent more than 75 letters warning spammers that deceptive
> 	"removal" claims in unsolicited e-mail are illegal.

Those who bother to read mine the FTC's words will see there is little
or no contradiction.  Furthermore, consider the implications on spammer
behavior of news of those 75 letters warning that bogus removal
addresses are illegal.

If you think that the FTC is smart enough to distinguish dropboxes
that are invalid because they've been terminated by Hotmail etc. for
being advertised in spam from dropboxes that were never valid, then
I have a deal on the profits from a bridge in Nigeria that will interest
you.  Or maybe the FTC is that smart but their PR flaks have odd uses
of English.  Do you think 75 out of 200 is "the vast majority?" 
If not, why didn't the FTC send letters to the vast majority?  Could it
be that most of the other 125 remove addresses were typical free
provider drop-boxes that had been terminated by the free providers?



Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Taxonomy of anti-spam systems
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 15:04:11 -0500 (EST)



On Mon, 10 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> 
> Teergrubbing sounds silly to people who know that some spamware uses
> illegal SMTP command pipelining.  Some spammers send send the entire
> client SMTP transaction including the ending TCP FIN before the STMP
> server has finished doing the reverse DNS lookup to decide whether to
> post its banner.  Whether the STMP server delays 10 ms or 10 hours is
> of no concern to them.  
> 

Yes, but some spammers do not control the relevant MTA, as for example if
it is an open relay. Teergrubing must have very strong incentive effects
on open relays if it becomes reasonably widespread. And this incentive
applies even if the relay has no legitimate mail to transfer to the
victim.

Daniel Feenberg



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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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> From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>

> ....
> Yes, but some spammers do not control the relevant MTA, as for example if
> it is an open relay. Teergrubing must have very strong incentive effects
> on open relays if it becomes reasonably widespread. And this incentive
> applies even if the relay has no legitimate mail to transfer to the
> victim.

I'm sorry but that's standard anti-spammer self-contradictory wishful
thinking.  Open relays are ill maintained machines.  Well maintained
machines don't need any incentives from teergrubers to be fixed after
being attacked by spammers as open relays.  Badly maintained machines
don't have anyone who might notice the effects of teergrubing.

The biggest reason that teergrubing is silly is that there always have
been and always will be more unintentional teergrubing machines than
can ever be installed intentionally.  Anyone who runs a non-trivial
bulk mail operation such as a mailing list knows too well that a
significant fraction of legitimate SMTP servers stall for longer than
typically recommended teergrubing durations.  It doesn't matter whether
they stall because the 3 or more DNS lookups required by an SMTP server
to receive a message can teach take 90 seconds or a total of more than
5 minutes, because some spam filters need 5 minutes to get an answer,
or the many other reasons that can stall STMP.  Whatever the reason,
they look the same to all bulk mailers as the trivial number of
intentional teergrubers.  That's why all useful MTA client code has
timeouts to defeat teergrubers.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com

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Subject: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation
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This is one of the issues that I think needs to be addressed if legislation
against spam is enacted.

A review of the Nixon vs Blastfax decision suggests that even the current
anti-junk-fax laws might not survive supreme court review (particularly with
this shower). In particular there is an argument to be made that a blanket
ban on unsolicited faxes is not the most narrowly tailored remedy. I
consider the court's other opinions to be spurious but I suspect that even
if the narrowness issue works for junk fax it is unlikely to work for junk
email.

There are currently two camps, anti-spam campaigners wanting a blanket ban
with no opt-out list and the DMA which wants to kill the competition from
spam but not by setting a precedent that could affect their members.

The problem with opt-in for anti-spam campaigners is that the spam senders
get a ready made list of people to spam. So the legislative trick to finesse
this is to have an opt-out list that can be used to check to see if someone
has opted out but not to see how to email them.

This requirement is met by a one-way function, as I have previously observed
(and published in a very prior-art sense) in 1995 or so. There are a bunk of
tweaks that can be applied to make processing more efficient but the upshot
is that anyone can check against the list without the list being a source of
spam addresses.


My view on the legislative issue is like the view of everyone else on this
list, completely irrelevant. If congress decides to take the issue up they
will. There are very good law enforcement reasons for taking action on spam,
precisely because the activity it is supporting is already largely illegal.
It makes sense to criminalize their accomplices too.

Another effect that legislation can have is to provide safe harbor against
vexatious injunctions intended to keep a spamhaus in business a few weeks
longer while they try to get a new feed.


One side effect of a canonical opt-out list would be that it would expose
the false nature of the click here to opt out links.

		Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Justin Mason [mailto:jm@jmason.org]
> Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 2:42 PM
> To: Vernon Schryver
> Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
> 
> 
> On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 11:05:03AM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> > > From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
> > I've repeatedly pointed out reasons why that is not just 
> possible but
> > quite likely.  Contrary to spammer fighter religious dogma, many
> > (but certainly not all) spammers care very much about receiving
> > "bounces" and "removes."  Many spammers honestly think that letting
> > their targets opt-out is the right thing to do.
> 
> In that case, things have changed a lot since April 2002. 
> 
> 	http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2002/04/spam.htm:
> 	In another initiative, Netforce partners tested whether "remove
> 	me" or "unsubscribe" options in spam were being honored. From
> 	e-mail forwarded to the FTC's database, the agencies culled
> 	more than 200 e-mails that purported to allow recipients to
> 	remove their name from a spam list. The agencies set up dummy
> 	e-mail accounts to test the pledges, but discovered that the
> 	vast majority of addresses to which they sent the requests
> 	were invalid. Most of the "remove me" requests did not get
> 	through. Based on information gathered by the Netforce, the FTC
> 	has sent more than 75 letters warning spammers that deceptive
> 	"removal" claims in unsolicited e-mail are illegal.
> 
> --j.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Measurements on spam
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It doesn't matter. The nature is transient. If you make spam improbable in
one category, it'll get flooded because it's improbable. If you try to base
your anti-spam tactics on the statistics of today, tomorrow it'll be
different.



-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
Hallam-Baker, Phillip
Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 2:57 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] Measurements on spam


All,

	It would be usefull to see some empirical info that measures the
following:

1) Spam transport mechanisms
	Percentage of spam sent through open relays
	Percentage of spam that has a bogus from address
	Percentage of spam that does not comply with RFC 822

2) Spam subject matter
	Section 419 Fraud
	Pornography
	Consumer scams
	Spm to sell spam

3) Evidence of anti-spam techniques
	Mutating subject lines


	It would be good if some of the people with access to large spam
corpuses could take a look at these. Although I don't think that we
necessarily need to know much more than you would get from lumping stuff
into buckets of 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-50%, 50%-90%, 90-95% and 95-100%. Either
something is common or it is not.

In addition there are a bunch of phenomena that I think deserve a bit more
investigation. One of these is bogus spam. There is an advert for septic
tank fluid going round that is clearly not sent to send septic tank fluid. I
think that it is being sent to try to sell spam, legitimizing the concept,
leading idiots to think it must work etc.


		Phill
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 16:13:42 -0500
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Any real solution would work regardless of the attackers knowledge of the
system. Remember security class?

We have to make them play by our rules - completely plausible and doable.
Then when they do, we can fight them there. That's what my previous thread
was about. In order for a message to be delivered, it has to abide by our
rules, and pass our checks. Those rules require them to give
up/modify/announce their true behavior.



-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
Vernon Schryver
Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 2:47 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] inventory of problems


> From: Liudvikas Bukys <bukys@cs.rochester.edu>

> Along the way to writing my inventory of solutions,
> I wrote up an inventory of problems.  I see these as
> the antecedents of the solutions, and also a useful
> checklist anticipating the counter-counter-measures
> of the spammers.
> ...

Such checklists are invaluable resources to spammers.  Most spammers
are not technically proficient, and judging from the spam I've seen,
no significant spammer is technically competent enough to produce that
checklist.  If this mailing list were shut down today, it would have
proven quite harmful to the good guys because of that checklist.

I don't intend to say that it should not have been posted, but to urge
caution.  This is a public list whose archives will soon be indexed
by the search engines.  It would be a shame if the only results from
this effort are a lot of noise and some cookbooks and checklists for
spammers.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 13:38:29 -0800

I was hoping we could use the figures to get away from discussions like
'that does not work 99% of spam comes through open relays'.

Evidence that 20% or more of spams already have countermeasures against a
technique is pretty useful.

		Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jason Hihn [mailto:jhihn@paytimepayroll.com]
> Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 4:08 PM
> To: Hallam-Baker, Phillip
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] Measurements on spam
> 
> 
> It doesn't matter. The nature is transient. If you make spam 
> improbable in
> one category, it'll get flooded because it's improbable. If 
> you try to base
> your anti-spam tactics on the statistics of today, tomorrow it'll be
> different.
> 
> 
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From: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>
To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] filtering at connect time
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 21:47:04 +0000

"David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com> wrote:
> 
> I would really like to see other MTA software (qmail, Postfix, Exim)
> implement "real-time" filtering during the SMTP conversation.  As far
> as I know, Sendmail is the only MTA that does this currently.

Exim allows you to control the SMTP conversation by configuring its
Access Control Lists, which allow you to make a variety of responses to
a given command based on almost any criteria you can think of. It's a
sysadmin-level configuration, not programmer-level, though there are
of course hooks of several kinds for when you need to drop into code.
Exim also has an API for content filtering between the . and the
response, and there are plugins for SpamAssassin and virus scanners.

Tony.
-- 
f.a.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
VIKING NORTH UTSIRE: SOUTHWESTERLY VEERING NORTHERLY 5 TO 7, PERHAPS GALE 8
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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Measurements on spam
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Sadly, still, it's a moving target. If one does, then they all can. Spam is
like life. It evolves to fit a niche, and it evolves to survive.
Fortunately, spam differs in that people propagate it, it doesn't propagate
itself. (Excluding of course the MS Outlook fiasco, but that will only exist
until a viable OSS groupware component emerges. A change of client is
easy...)

20% is irrelevant. If it can be circumvented, it will be.
Spammers are very much like script kiddies. If there is an exploit for a
system, you have to patch it because the exploit is a nice and easily
packaged implementation fit for general consumption.


-----Original Message-----
From: Hallam-Baker, Phillip [mailto:pbaker@verisign.com]
Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 4:38 PM
To: 'Jason Hihn'; Hallam-Baker, Phillip
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Measurements on spam


I was hoping we could use the figures to get away from discussions like
'that does not work 99% of spam comes through open relays'.

Evidence that 20% or more of spams already have countermeasures against a
technique is pretty useful.

		Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jason Hihn [mailto:jhihn@paytimepayroll.com]
> Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 4:08 PM
> To: Hallam-Baker, Phillip
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] Measurements on spam
>
>
> It doesn't matter. The nature is transient. If you make spam
> improbable in
> one category, it'll get flooded because it's improbable. If
> you try to base
> your anti-spam tactics on the statistics of today, tomorrow it'll be
> different.
>
>

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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation
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Legislation is futile. The spammers will go off-shore if not already.
The only solution is a technical one that crosses political borders.

You're thinking to highly of spammers.

But I would feel more confident giving my email to a US based company.

Unfortunately, most of my spam seems to be from self-promoters.

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
Hallam-Baker, Phillip
Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 3:56 PM
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation



This is one of the issues that I think needs to be addressed if legislation
against spam is enacted.

A review of the Nixon vs Blastfax decision suggests that even the current
anti-junk-fax laws might not survive supreme court review (particularly with
this shower). In particular there is an argument to be made that a blanket
ban on unsolicited faxes is not the most narrowly tailored remedy. I
consider the court's other opinions to be spurious but I suspect that even
if the narrowness issue works for junk fax it is unlikely to work for junk
email.

There are currently two camps, anti-spam campaigners wanting a blanket ban
with no opt-out list and the DMA which wants to kill the competition from
spam but not by setting a precedent that could affect their members.

The problem with opt-in for anti-spam campaigners is that the spam senders
get a ready made list of people to spam. So the legislative trick to finesse
this is to have an opt-out list that can be used to check to see if someone
has opted out but not to see how to email them.

This requirement is met by a one-way function, as I have previously observed
(and published in a very prior-art sense) in 1995 or so. There are a bunk of
tweaks that can be applied to make processing more efficient but the upshot
is that anyone can check against the list without the list being a source of
spam addresses.


My view on the legislative issue is like the view of everyone else on this
list, completely irrelevant. If congress decides to take the issue up they
will. There are very good law enforcement reasons for taking action on spam,
precisely because the activity it is supporting is already largely illegal.
It makes sense to criminalize their accomplices too.

Another effect that legislation can have is to provide safe harbor against
vexatious injunctions intended to keep a spamhaus in business a few weeks
longer while they try to get a new feed.


One side effect of a canonical opt-out list would be that it would expose
the false nature of the click here to opt out links.

		Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Justin Mason [mailto:jm@jmason.org]
> Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 2:42 PM
> To: Vernon Schryver
> Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
>
>
> On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 11:05:03AM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> > > From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
> > I've repeatedly pointed out reasons why that is not just
> possible but
> > quite likely.  Contrary to spammer fighter religious dogma, many
> > (but certainly not all) spammers care very much about receiving
> > "bounces" and "removes."  Many spammers honestly think that letting
> > their targets opt-out is the right thing to do.
>
> In that case, things have changed a lot since April 2002.
>
> 	http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2002/04/spam.htm:
> 	In another initiative, Netforce partners tested whether "remove
> 	me" or "unsubscribe" options in spam were being honored. From
> 	e-mail forwarded to the FTC's database, the agencies culled
> 	more than 200 e-mails that purported to allow recipients to
> 	remove their name from a spam list. The agencies set up dummy
> 	e-mail accounts to test the pledges, but discovered that the
> 	vast majority of addresses to which they sent the requests
> 	were invalid. Most of the "remove me" requests did not get
> 	through. Based on information gathered by the Netforce, the FTC
> 	has sent more than 75 letters warning spammers that deceptive
> 	"removal" claims in unsolicited e-mail are illegal.
>
> --j.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
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Subject: [Asrg] Email Certification Path Proposal
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 19:06:32 -0300
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Hello list,

I have this proposal. I can re send it in PDF if you don't like the text
edition.
I know it's too early to send this kind of proposal, but please keep in
mind the idea that, if signature is required, use the existing business
relationships instead of making the Verisign mistake again.

------------------------------------
Email Certification Path Proposal.

Author: Alejandro G. Belluscio
IIGECI
Argentina

Sending Account (SA): refers to the Legal Entity or person identified by
a given user and password within an SMTP authorized users domain that
originates an email.

Recieving Account (RA): refers to the Legal Entity or person identified
by a given user and password within an SMTP authorized users domain that
recieves an email.

SMTP Manager (SM): The legal entity managing a SMTP server.

Unsolicited Mail Claims Account (UMCA): an email account set up by each
SMTP. Manager to exlusively recieve signed emails sent by a Sending
Account of his domain that are claimed to be Unsolicited Email. This
account should discard any email not signed by his own certificate or a
certificate directly signed by himself.

Unsolicited Mail (UM): I will not define unsolicited mail, because this
is a consensus definition. But I'm trying to make this proposal so
anyone in this system thinks that in good faith he's not really
bothering recipients when sending mail.

Offending Mail (OM): Mail that's percieved by the reciever as "not
wanted to be recieved". Note that this definition is flawed too, but its
not the core of the proposal.

Sender of Unsolicited Mail (SUM): Self explanatory given the
undefinition of UM

Unsolicited Mail Claim (UMC): A signal from a reciever of an email that
certain email was not solicited and clasifies it as "spam". Please note
that this is subject to change and open to discussions.

Objectives
-To have a certified sender in the sense of a legal entity .
-Keep the privacy of the sender and reciever when necesary.
-Minimize the cost of entity certification.

Description

1. Each SMTP has to enable SMTP-AUTH. This enables the server uniquely
identify the Sending Account sending such mail.

2. Using that information the header is then added a signature using a
certificate of the SM plus a code that let's said SM to uniquely
identify the Sending Account. This code should be chosen so as to be non
descriptive of said account for a third party, even if he recieves
multiple emails.

3. An UMCA belonging to the SM and one belonging to the direct signer if
his own certificate is added to the header signature.

4. (to discuss or optional) On a recieving SMTP if the email has a valid
signature path, it's signed by himself and given a code that let's the
SM uniquely identify the RA.

5. (from now on I'm over extending a bit) Should a user regard an email
as unsolicited he should:

   a. If his MUA supports this system, the OM should be sent
   (verbatrim?) as a UMC to both the SM's and it's immediate certificate
   signer's UMCA.

   b. If his MUA doesn't support this system, the RU should forward it
   to a given account by his own SM that automates the point 5.a task.

Benefits

-This system allow a positive identification of the offending SA.

-It automates most of the task of identification of SUM while keeping a
certain degree of privacy to both SA and RA.

-It also minimizes the cost of certification authorities by using
existing business relationships.

-This system can be rolled with no intervention of the end users save
configuring SMTP-Auth (which many ISP force anyway). Some work on MUA
might be necessary but only to automate further the task.

-It significantly reduces the cost of processing UM by automating the
processing of emails that complies with this standard.

-It keeps the authority of ISPs intact.

-We don't create some artificial new authority.

-There's no reason fees should levied for the signature since it should
be just a simple more step in the setup of an account in an ISP,
backbone provider, etc.

-The incidence on existing protocols is nil.

-MTA should need a rewrite, but may use the signature infrastructure of
SSL, so the effort should not be too high.

Bad

-Increase in the size of every email by a fixed amount. So if email's
keep getting biggers this cost as a proportion decreases.

-MTA will need to be rewritten.

-The cost of resources for the SMTP. The ongoing trends of speed
increase and encryption acceleration in the mainstream CPU may offset
part of this cost in with time, but for high volume servers custom
hardware acceleration of the signature might be necessary.

-It's pure network economics. It might be very difficult to apply at
first since there's little benefit unless "everybody" is in the system.

-The absolute usefullness of the system can only be achieved with a
change in the MUA. Unless the system is so successful that the SM can
"reasonable" configure it's server to deny any non-signed message.

Rationale

The idea of sending the UMC back to the SM is to send a certain
"evidence" of the action and to allow the SM to keep a statistic
regarding any given SA and UM.

The idea of sending the UMC back to the SM's certificate's signer is to
allow him to keep statistics and a certain degree of control that the SM
is making his job. In a sence it's a tool to keep his own signature as
good.


Certification Authority Path.

Root Certificate Authorities

The upper certification authority should be the RIR or IANA. Since they
have actually make the effort to positively identify the organization to
whom they have given IP numbers, the cost of certifying it's true
identity it's already made. It also mreduces the number of CA to a small
stable number. They must provide certificates with the possibility of
making further signatures.

Second Level Certificate Authorities

The following level should be the backbone providers who sell bandwith
and connection services to ISP. Again, their customers are known and
providing a signature should be a minimum cost. They must provide
certificates with the possibility of making further signatures. For its
final clientes they should make an third level certificate and sign with
such certificate non signing certificate.

Third Level Certificate Authorities

The ISP should implement part of the SMTP protocol for the small clients
and may sign the certificate for well known, big customers. The
certificates thus signed should not be able sign further certificates.

Fourth Level Certificate Authorities.

Customers who want to have their own SMTP server should have them signed
by their respective ISP.

TODO:

Policy for revocationg signatures. When do we consider that some ISP
hasn't made his work?

The specifics of the PKI. Some of the PGP standard might be applied
here. My take is to use the SSL ceritfication part, without the
encryption.

Common registry of revocated Legal Entities. So known spammers can't
sign up an ISP that wants to be in this system.

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 14:06:40 -0800

> Legislation is futile. The spammers will go off-shore if not already.
> The only solution is a technical one that crosses political borders.

Going offshore significantly increases costs and creates a major barrier
to entry.

	Phill  
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 16:23:26 -0500

At 8:49 AM -0800 3/10/03, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>Looking at the various spam gangs on the net there are
>major differences in the level of sophistication. The
>Nigerian gangs don't appear to have got much beyond working
>out how to use CAPS LOCK. You can detect a risible proportion
>of Nigerian letters simply by scanning for 'modalities of the
>transaction'.

In the end, "content filtering" is another word for "natural language 
processing".  And while I know several NLP folks looking for jobs, I 
don't really think that's a good long term direction.

I see a few uses for content filtering.

1. Short term limitation of the spam problem.
2. Aid in forcing spammers into areas where simple authentication 
works, while we transition to a more complex authentication system.
3. Content filtering.  Cases where your goal is actually to filter 
content, not eliminate spam.  E.g. to ensure that Ashcroft doesn't 
get any mail with the word "chicken breast" in it.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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At 1:17 PM -0700 3/10/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>that are invalid because they've been terminated by Hotmail etc. for
>being advertised in spam from dropboxes that were never valid, then

Look.  Could we stop arguing about something that actually can be 
determined quite easily?

Could someone please contact Yahoo and Hotmail and ask them two very 
simple questions.

"Of the local email addresses at which you have seen excessively 
heavy bounces, what percentage used to exist and what percentage 
never existed?  And of those that used to exist, what percentage were 
closed do to spamming?"

Someone here must have a contact there?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 17:06:59 -0500

At 11:05 AM -0700 3/10/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>(but certainly not all) spammers care very much about receiving
>"bounces" and "removes."  Many spammers honestly think that letting
>their targets opt-out is the right thing to do.  That's why you often
>seen pleas in spam that you not ask ISPs to cancel "remove" drop-boxes.

Alternatively they are lying through their teeth.

What I do know is that my bounce rate is doubling every year.  My 
correspondence with some ISPs indicates that theirs is also 
drastically increasing.  I can get numbers from one if you like.

So, we know the number of messages sent to never-existent and 
non-existent accounts is increasing.  This could of course, just be 
an indication that the number of spammers is increasing.  (Note, 
that's number of spammers, not amount of spam.  If you are correct, 
then old spammers would stop targeting addresses after bounces.)

As I've mentioned before, somewhere.com is a weird case.  But if I 
look at the top 30% of my bouncers by IP address, they seem pretty 
stable.  That is the amount of bounces they are sending doesn't 
change much over time.  But that could be different spammers using 
the same IPs (and some aren't spammers, just idiots--if anyone has a 
contact at dvr1.suomen4g.fi please let me know--half a million 
bounces is ridiculous).

>Other spammers know that their target lists tend to fill with garbage
>as addresses are abandoned and as target address harvesting mechanisms
>get confused (e.g. by message-IDs).  They know that some major ISPs
>by rumor including AOL automatically blacklist STMP clients by IP
>address after too many bad target addresses.  This provides a strong
>incentive for spammers to clean their target lists.  To do that, they
>need drop-boxes get delivery failure notifications.

So long as their is a plentiful list of open relays, open proxies, 
and spam friendly relays, why bother with the hassle of setting up a 
drop box that will be closed in just a few hours?  The number of 
bounces you'll get before it's closed is a tiny portion of the total.

On top of it.  We've heard from many people (and again, I've gotten 
this direct from ISPs) that blocking by IP address based on bounces 
does not have a significant impact on spam delivery--there are too 
many senders.

Finally.  I know for a fact that many major commercial mailers 
consider cleaning their lists too much of a hassle.  If they don't 
bother, why would the spammers?

>Why do you think Yahoo or Hotmail (I've forgotten which) has deployed
>mechanisms to prevent robots from creating free drop boxes?  Who do
>you think might needs to create so many free drop boxes that they'd
>use software?

Because you aren't completely wrong.  BCC spam is definitely on the 
rise, especially with the Spanish Prisoner scams (give the Nigerian's 
a break, that's what it originally was).  In fact any significantly 
illegal scam needs an electronic drop box.  But they also need a much 
smaller response rate, so they can afford to get just a few responses 
before they are shut down.

But the fact that this is on the rise does not necessarily mean that 
the percentage of forged from addresses (and I mean "forged" as in 
never existed, or belonged to someone else) is significantly dropping.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses
 them all
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 16:39:26 -0500

At 12:23 PM -0500 3/10/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
>The outgoing mail server will have to see what addresses account@yahoo.com
>did send to that haven't been verified ("authenticated") yet. If it gets a
>request from an account that was not sent to, then it sends an 'account does
>not exist' message. This will cause the spoofed message to be rejected,
>while not allowing the existence of an account to be determined by a
>malicious entity.

This assumes a pretty complex infrastructure mapping between all 
possible sending servers and receiving servers for the same domain. 
And until everyone has updated their mail servers, the false positive 
rate is going to be huge, so you don't dare block on it.

So once again you have a system which nobody has an incentive to move 
to until it's been deployed by the majority of users.

Let me propose a rule for proposals.

No proposal without an explanation of the incentives for the senders 
and receivers to adopt the system at three stages:  10%, 50% and 90% 
deployed.  And at each stage, explain what actions the spammers are 
being forced to take.

I would argue that a system that offers no benefits until you've 
passed the 50% point is never going to be adopted.

On the other hand.  A system which is virtually guaranteed to fail at 
the 90% point (challenge/response, possibly content filters) can 
demonstrably shown to have early adopters because, while it may fail 
when scaled, it works now.

Let's try and leverage those social forces.  (My anthro advisor would 
be proud :-)
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 15:26:30 -0700 (MST)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> ...
> Look.  Could we stop arguing about something that actually can be 
> determined quite easily?
>
> Could someone please contact Yahoo and Hotmail and ask them two very 
> simple questions.
>
> "Of the local email addresses at which you have seen excessively 
> heavy bounces, what percentage used to exist and what percentage 
> never existed?  And of those that used to exist, what percentage were 
> closed do to spamming?"
>
> Someone here must have a contact there?

Many times over the last several years people known to be working there
have been asked in public for that information.  The response has been so
deafeningly silent that I assume that it reflects corporate policy.

I theorize is that if the public knew that a significant number of
what Hotmail calls "forged" addresses were not in any honest sense
forged, then even more people would refuse all mail from the free
providers and fewer people would sell their "eyeballs" for "free"
mailboxes.  This theory works whether you think (as I do) that most
envelope or header From values pointing to free providers are valid
at the start of a spew or if you think only 3% are valid.  In either
case there is so much spam with perfectly legitimate free provider
return addresses that anyone with any sense avoids the free providers
as sender or recipient.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: "'Jason Hihn'" <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>, Asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 22:32:36 +0000

On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 02:06:40PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> > Legislation is futile. The spammers will go off-shore if not already.
> > The only solution is a technical one that crosses political borders.
> 
> Going offshore significantly increases costs and creates a major barrier
> to entry.

Using offshore contractors -- or USian contractors with offshore
sending hosts -- to send your spam, however, does not.   And that's
already the case in many of the big spamhaus cases (e.g. Alan Ralsky).

--j.
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 22:35:06 +0000

On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 01:38:29PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> I was hoping we could use the figures to get away from discussions like
> 'that does not work 99% of spam comes through open relays'.
> 
> Evidence that 20% or more of spams already have countermeasures against a
> technique is pretty useful.

Based on my spamtraps, and the figures we get back for rule effectiveness
across the SpamAssassin developers' corpora, I can tell you that each
technique varies massively.  On some people's mail, a given technique
could yield 50% effectiveness; on others, < 1%.

I reckon this is because there's a high degree of locality between
(a) a list of addresses and (b) the spammer (or spamming contractor)
in question.

This also indicates that some of the bigger spam outfits write (or
pay to have written) their own spamware.

--j.
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 14:54:13 -0800

> Based on my spamtraps, and the figures we get back for rule 
> effectiveness
> across the SpamAssassin developers' corpora, I can tell you that each
> technique varies massively.  On some people's mail, a given technique
> could yield 50% effectiveness; on others, < 1%.

What I am interested in is the types of countermeasures that are being
used and the frequency.

I know the effectiveness of the techniques will change from user to user.


> I reckon this is because there's a high degree of locality between
> (a) a list of addresses and (b) the spammer (or spamming contractor)
> in question.
> 
> This also indicates that some of the bigger spam outfits write (or
> pay to have written) their own spamware.

That is interesting. Note that we have major advantages over the script
kiddie problem. The Spam hauses do not want to share their techiniques.
These are their competative advantage. They know that the more people who
use them, the more counter measures will appear.

		Phill
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> Using offshore contractors -- or USian contractors with offshore
> sending hosts -- to send your spam, however, does not.   And that's
> already the case in many of the big spamhaus cases (e.g. Alan Ralsky).

Ralsky does not appear to want to live offshore himself.

And AOL seem to have had no problem getting the US courts to enforce
actions and injunctions against Ralsky in person.

The more pressure put on the spam senders from all directions at once
the better.

		Phill
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 00:06:05 +0100

On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 03:26:30PM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote: 
> there is so much spam with perfectly legitimate free provider
> return addresses 


Isn't that a contradiction in terms?

Free providers do not enjoy wasting money. They do provide
services for private persons, not spammers.

Even if the given address was real and the spammer would even
read all replies coming in, it would still be far from
"perfectly legitimate". That's "abuse".


Hadmut



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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 16:34:09 -0700 (MST)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> ...
> Let me propose a rule for proposals.
>
> No proposal without an explanation of the incentives for the senders 
> and receivers to adopt the system at three stages:  10%, 50% and 90% 
> deployed.  And at each stage, explain what actions the spammers are 
> being forced to take.

That omits the most important stages at 0.01%, 0.1%, and 1% measured
in target mailboxes protected or total mail scanned.  0.01% is 50,000
mailboxes, which the size of a modest regional ISP or a large company.
It's not easy to convince the people responsible at such outfits to
risk wasting their time and effort on something that turns out to be
like almost all anti-spam solutions, either not worth the effort (<80%
effective) or fine if you don't care about false positives or scaling.
It's not easy even to get the first 0.0001% or 500 mailboxes protected
by months of flogging a solution in slashdot, freshmeat, spam-l, and
news.admin.net-abuse.email, but it is possible.  It turns out that
people in those forums are more interested in talking about spam
solutions than installing them.  It is quite difficult to reach 0.1%
or 500,000 mailboxes, because you must convince more than the handful
of anti-spam and anti-spammer hobbyists who can choose their own mail
software.


> I would argue that a system that offers no benefits until you've 
> passed the 50% point is never going to be adopted.

That's optimistic by more than a factor of 10.  Even 1% is probably
too high a threshold.  Something that is useless until 5% has no hope
unless you do the impossible and convince an AOL to use a solution
invented outside.  Even an AOL is only about 5%.


> On the other hand.  A system which is virtually guaranteed to fail at 
> the 90% point (challenge/response, possibly content filters) can 
> demonstrably shown to have early adopters because, while it may fail 
> when scaled, it works now.

That's 1000X optimistic.  As far as I can tell, one body checksum
scheme has failed or been retired.  There may have been other reasons,
but it was having scaling problems at 0.09% despite getting a lot of
attention from early adopter hobbyists.


> Let's try and leverage those social forces.  (My anthro advisor would 
> be proud :-)

Or at least admit they exist and be realistic about them.

Note that these claims are based not only on my prejudices but also
my experiencd with the DCC for the last two years.  I figure the DCC
has reached 0.5% or conceivably a little more.

How many contributors to this list have any experience pushing spam
solutions at or above the 0.01% deployed level?  What about 0.1%? 
I don't want to offend, but to emphasize what I understand as part
of Kee Hinckley's point, that spam suffers from the talk-is-cheap
syndrome in more than one way.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 15:36:08 -0800

> I theorize is that if the public knew that a significant number of
> what Hotmail calls "forged" addresses were not in any honest sense
> forged, 

I think it is legitimate in a very honest sense to consider email 
forged if the manner in which it is sent is not approved by the 
owner of the DNS zone.


Yeah yeah, I know some folk like the fact they can send their email
from anywhere they choose without relaying, and if you happen to own
the zone that is fine too - especially if you put a notice in your
zone to say that is what you do.

However mail claiming to come from hotmail that does not come through
their servers can be honestly and legitimately considered forged, or
to coin a phrase 'Notmail'.

I think this is a better idea than deciding that we are going to 
rule all freemail to be illegitimate because we don't use it and
so think that the 50 million odd who do are less important than
the right to send email any way we chose.

Lots of our consultants use hotmail because they can't access the
corporate mail systems while on customer's premises (I know, Rim
pagers...)


This would be further improved if the email clients would tell the 
user trying to enter a fake email address 'hey dude, you know that
some spam filters might consider your configuration invalid'.


		Phill 
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 16:42:25 -0700 (MST)

> From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>

> ...
> Legislation is futile. The spammers will go off-shore if not already.
> The only solution is a technical one that crosses political borders.
> ...

If that were true, the people who make Rolex watches and print CDROMs
software or DVDs with movies would have no hope fighting offshore
pirates.  In fact, contrary to the hoary old chestnut about legistation
being useless because of offshore spam, laws including trade agreements
and sanctions are reasonably effective.  They don't and can't stop
all spam, knock-off Rolexes, or pirate CDROMS or DVDs, but they can
stop enough of it to be worthwhile.

Besides, in the long run the real offshore spammers (no matter which
are your shores) will largely stop spamming you, just to save their
own bandwidth, time, and effort.  Most spam is domestic, even if it
happens to use offshore relays or ISPs.  Almost all spam includes
contact information for domestic outfits that can be whacked by domestic
legislation.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 18:39:57 -0500

At 2:06 PM -0800 3/10/03, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>  > Legislation is futile. The spammers will go off-shore if not already.
>>  The only solution is a technical one that crosses political borders.
>
>Going offshore significantly increases costs and creates a major barrier
>to entry.

That depends on whether the company that runs it is offshore. 
Although if it isn't, that offers no legal protections.  And of 
course that also assumes that the majority of U.S. spam is generated 
by U.S. people.  Certainly even if the spam is originating here, 
people are using offshore machines (willing or not) to send spam. 
And for once I can provide numbers :-).

We do path analysis on the messages we filter, and we keep a database 
of what IP ranges match what countries.  We default users to a 
limited set of countries and we flag as spam anything that comes 
from, or passes through, anything out of that set.  (We do let 
through some messages that we consider completely "clean", even if 
from out of country, but that's a different matter.)  There's 
significant checking of the Received: chain, well beyond the "does 
the input of one match the output of the other" which isn't always 
reliable.

I currently have a sample database 22,000 confirmed spam messages 
sent to roughly 200 real email accounts.

40% blocked by the country restriction.
  4% blocked due to obvious viruses.
14% blocked due to system blacklist.
<1% blocked by user blacklists.

There's less than three percent overlap between those factors.  The 
rest are blocked solely on problems we saw with the headers.  There's 
certainly overlap between that and the other factors, but we don't 
currently log it specifically, so I don't know how much.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 19:22:32 -0500

At 10:32 PM +0000 3/10/03, Justin Mason wrote:
>On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 02:06:40PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>>  > Legislation is futile. The spammers will go off-shore if not already.
>>  > The only solution is a technical one that crosses political borders.
>>
>>  Going offshore significantly increases costs and creates a major barrier
>>  to entry.
>
>Using offshore contractors -- or USian contractors with offshore
>sending hosts -- to send your spam, however, does not.   And that's
>already the case in many of the big spamhaus cases (e.g. Alan Ralsky).

Although it makes prosecution more difficult, the recent cases 
against off-shore casinos run by U.S. citizens seems to indicate that 
it doesn't provide any legal protection, even if the company is 
incorporated offshore, they still go after the principals.

Of course the government has a lot more drive to go after illegal 
casinos than illegal spammers--the legal casinos are pushing hard and 
they have big bucks.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 17:29:54 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> ...
> I think it is legitimate in a very honest sense to consider email 
> forged if the manner in which it is sent is not approved by the 
> owner of the DNS zone.

> ...
> However mail claiming to come from hotmail that does not come through
> their servers can be honestly and legitimately considered forged, or
> to coin a phrase 'Notmail'.

Please show evidence other than your personal assurance that Hotmail
does not knowingly and intentionally sanction the very common practice
of using Hotmail addresses as legitimate, non-commercial drop-boxes.
WIthout such evidence, it is at best disingenuous to say that mail
with Hotmail return addresses from non-Hotmail IP addresses is forged
or falsely and fraudulently marked.


> I think this is a better idea than deciding that we are going to 
> rule all freemail to be illegitimate because we don't use it and
> so think that the 50 million odd who do are less important than
> the right to send email any way we chose.

Please stop your habit of intentionally misrepresenting my words. 
I said nothing about ruling free mail to be illegitimate.  I did say
that if the public understood how much free mail is illegitimate, less
of the public would want to have anything to do with free providers.


> Lots of our consultants use hotmail because they can't access the
> corporate mail systems while on customer's premises (I know, Rim
> pagers...)
>
> This would be further improved if the email clients would tell the 
> user trying to enter a fake email address 'hey dude, you know that
> some spam filters might consider your configuration invalid'.

Such a warning should also say "Hey dude, many spam filters reject
all mail apparently from free providers because so much of it is spam."

The number of outfits and individuals that reject all mail nominally
from Hotmail or Yahoo except for a few whitelist entries is large
and suprisingly large.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 19:31:07 -0500


This is not in response to just the last message, but to the set of recent
messages on this thread.

I believe that this thread has run out of usefulness.

While the original thoughts were well-intentioned, we are now in a state of
subjective arguments. If anyone would like to continue this conversation,
please do so only with objective quantitative data. A more productive thread
that was started from this conversation is "Measurements on spam".  Many of
the things that are being debated on this thread could be answered with such
data.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Vernon Schryver [mailto:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] 
> Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 7:30 PM
> To: Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] Lets Fix Mailing Lists
> 
> 
> > From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
> 
> > ...
> > I think it is legitimate in a very honest sense to consider email
> > forged if the manner in which it is sent is not approved by the 
> > owner of the DNS zone.
> 
> > ...
> > However mail claiming to come from hotmail that does not 
> come through 
> > their servers can be honestly and legitimately considered 
> forged, or 
> > to coin a phrase 'Notmail'.
> 
> Please show evidence other than your personal assurance that 
> Hotmail does not knowingly and intentionally sanction the 
> very common practice of using Hotmail addresses as 
> legitimate, non-commercial drop-boxes. WIthout such evidence, 
> it is at best disingenuous to say that mail with Hotmail 
> return addresses from non-Hotmail IP addresses is forged or 
> falsely and fraudulently marked.
> 
> 
> > I think this is a better idea than deciding that we are going to
> > rule all freemail to be illegitimate because we don't use it and
> > so think that the 50 million odd who do are less important than
> > the right to send email any way we chose.
> 
> Please stop your habit of intentionally misrepresenting my words. 
> I said nothing about ruling free mail to be illegitimate.  I 
> did say that if the public understood how much free mail is 
> illegitimate, less of the public would want to have anything 
> to do with free providers.
> 
> 
> > Lots of our consultants use hotmail because they can't access the 
> > corporate mail systems while on customer's premises (I know, Rim
> > pagers...)
> >
> > This would be further improved if the email clients would tell the
> > user trying to enter a fake email address 'hey dude, you know that
> > some spam filters might consider your configuration invalid'.
> 
> Such a warning should also say "Hey dude, many spam filters 
> reject all mail apparently from free providers because so 
> much of it is spam."
> 
> The number of outfits and individuals that reject all mail 
> nominally from Hotmail or Yahoo except for a few whitelist 
> entries is large and suprisingly large.
> 
> 
> Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
_______________________________________________
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To: "'Vernon Schryver'" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 16:57:47 -0800


> If that were true, the people who make Rolex watches and print CDROMs
> software or DVDs with movies would have no hope fighting offshore
> pirates.  In fact, contrary to the hoary old chestnut about 
> legistation
> being useless because of offshore spam, laws including trade 
> agreements
> and sanctions are reasonably effective.  They don't and can't stop
> all spam, knock-off Rolexes, or pirate CDROMS or DVDs, but they can
> stop enough of it to be worthwhile.

The only cases where trade agreements are likely to have no effect
is places like Nigeria where the government is either ineffective
or bought off.

But US spam senders are unlikely to uproot themselves and go to 
places where there is no effective government. If they tried the
bribes that they would have to pay to operate would quickly erase
their profits.

Just think how easy it would be to switch IP addresses to launder
your connection in a country where the power only works 4 days out
of 5.


	Phill
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 19:56:26 -0500


At the upcoming IETF, the ASRG will meet Thursday, March 20 at 0900 - 1130.

Please send proposals for agenda items to me at paul.judge@ciphertrust.com.


(Proposals need not be limited to these topics, but I am seeking presenters
for at least these three topics:
1. If there is someone from an ISP that would be willing to speak, please
let me know.
2. There will be some time for a few presentations of new anti-spam
proposals. If you have a system or approach that you have proposed and would
like to give an overview, let me know.
3. If anyone has good spam measurements (size, stats, cost, etc.) that can
be presented, please let me know.)
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From: "Jonathan Wilkins" <jwilkins@microsoft.com>
To: "Vernon Schryver" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, <Asrg@ietf.org>
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I think that this is a false analogy.  Legislation has been somewhat
effective against pirated PHYSICAL media.  One would be hard pressed
to argue that it was effective against purely digital piracy.  
All that's happened from the various RIAA cases is to push the 
pirates to different networks.

If anything's slowing the distribution of pirated physical media it's
the easy availability of that data on online networks.

-----Original Message-----
From: Vernon Schryver [mailto:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] 
Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 3:42 PM
To: Asrg@ietf.org

> From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>

> ...
> Legislation is futile. The spammers will go off-shore if not already.
> The only solution is a technical one that crosses political borders.
> ...

If that were true, the people who make Rolex watches and print CDROMs
software or DVDs with movies would have no hope fighting offshore
pirates.  In fact, contrary to the hoary old chestnut about legistation
being useless because of offshore spam, laws including trade agreements
and sanctions are reasonably effective.  They don't and can't stop
all spam, knock-off Rolexes, or pirate CDROMS or DVDs, but they can
stop enough of it to be worthwhile.

Besides, in the long run the real offshore spammers (no matter which
are your shores) will largely stop spamming you, just to save their
own bandwidth, time, and effort.  Most spam is domestic, even if it
happens to use offshore relays or ISPs.  Almost all spam includes
contact information for domestic outfits that can be whacked by domestic
legislation.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: Liudvikas Bukys <bukys@cs.rochester.edu>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org, Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
Subject: "Consent" and the charter (Re: [Asrg] re: taxonomy of solutions, including some new items)
In-reply-to: Your message of Mon, 10 Mar 2003 13:57:21 EST.
From: Vern Paxson <vern@icir.org>
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 17:32:28 -0800

> ** consent verification
> 
> 	When I saw the ASRG charter, I leaped to the conclusion that a
> 	consent model would be useful for two reasons:	(1) to contribute
> 	to a rigorous careful discussion, and (2) to produce human- and
> 	machine-readable representations of consent that would be useful
> 	for such things as:
> 	- reducing the "I didn't know any better" gray-area excuse of
> 	  spammers regarding opt-in, opt-out, and database reselling
> 	- making life better for users by causing practices to converge on
> 	  consent that is explicit, self-documenting and user-accessible,
> 	  establishing standardized representations (similar to DSNs),
> 	  and offering choices that are "good enough" but much lighter-
> 	  weight than, say, PKI.
> 
> 	Is this what the chair was thinking?

If by chair you mean the IRTF chair, then somewhat.  The emphasis on consent
in the charter was an attempt to frame the effort in terms of high-level
goals rather than particular mechanisms.  The notion of producing human/
machine-readable representations of consent is certainly within scope, but
so are schemes that incorporate consent without such representations.

		Vern  (speaking as IRTF chair)
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To: "'Paul Judge'" <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>,
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	 <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Call for agenda items for ASRG meeting at IETF-56
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 17:52:59 -0800

I would like to make a short presentation on the security policy via DNS
idea, it is an idea that is broader than just the spam area but it is likely
that spam will be one of the first applications.

I believe it will be joint work by that time, I may not be able to reveal my
collaborators though :-)

	Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Judge [mailto:paul.judge@ciphertrust.com]
> Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 7:56 PM
> To: 'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'
> Subject: [Asrg] Call for agenda items for ASRG meeting at IETF-56
> 
> 
> 
> At the upcoming IETF, the ASRG will meet Thursday, March 20 
> at 0900 - 1130.
> 
> Please send proposals for agenda items to me at 
> paul.judge@ciphertrust.com.
> 
> 
> (Proposals need not be limited to these topics, but I am 
> seeking presenters
> for at least these three topics:
> 1. If there is someone from an ISP that would be willing to 
> speak, please
> let me know.
> 2. There will be some time for a few presentations of new anti-spam
> proposals. If you have a system or approach that you have 
> proposed and would
> like to give an overview, let me know.
> 3. If anyone has good spam measurements (size, stats, cost, 
> etc.) that can
> be presented, please let me know.)
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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To: "Paul Judge" <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>,
        "'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Taxonomy of anti-spam systems
From: "Raymie Stata" <raymie@cs.ucsc.edu>
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 17:56:41 -0800

Initially my goal was to offer a few small suggestions for improving
your taxonomy.  However, the suggestions snowballed, and the result
is a rather drastic set of suggestions.

In short, I think we should be looking for sets of "orthogonal dimensions"
along which to measure anti-spam systems rather than a "taxonomy"
in the traditional sense of that word (a tree of mutually-exclusive,
jointly-exhaustive categories).

Consider the following example: an ISP that uses white- and
blacklists plus content-filtering to detect spam, but simply puts
special headers in the messages, leaving it to specially-configured
MUAs to either (at the user's discretion) quarantine spam or to bounce
back a challenge.  The point here is to illustrate how anti-spam
system are probably best understood as mixing together choices from a
few dimensions rather than as belonging to a single-rooted hierarchy.

Here are the main dimensions of my anti-spam-system classification
scheme: How is spam detected?  What is the response to spam?  Where
does the detection and response take place?  Let's look at each:


1) Where (for both detection and response):
   (a) sending MTA, (b) receiving MTA, (c) receiving MUA

   If detection and response happen in different places, we assume
   some form of message tagging is needed -- a good place to plug in
   the thread about standardizing spam headers.


2) Response:
   (a) Throw in bit-bucket
   (b) Quarantine (giving recipient ability to review)
   (c) Rate limit (obviously not appropriate at MUAs)
   (d) Issue challenge/collect response
   (e) Demand real-world payment/punishment

(e) Deserves a little explanation.  This is meant to capture the idea
of collecting payments under the Bonded-Sender/Templeton-Postage
approaches, or suing for copyright infringement under the Habeas
approach, or suing for violation of ISP user agreements, or suing for
misappropriation of one's identity (forgery).  Obviously, most of
these require some type of hard-to-repudiate authentication of
real-world entities to be effective.

Another point about (e) versus the others.  ALL of a-e are there, at
least in part, as a deterrence -- to make it
painful/expensive/less-useful to send spam.  In this regard, (e)
is a little different from the rest because it probably makes sense
ONLY as a deterrence.  I'm not sure if this point deserves more than
a footnote.


3) Detection

Here again, I'm inclined to create a space of "orthogonal dimensions"
rather than a strict taxonomy:

3.1) Features considered
     (a) Sender
         (i) Untracked sender
         (ii) "Tracked" sender
              ...lots of futher classification for "tracked" senders
     (c) Message content (including headers)
     (d) "Permission to send" tokens (I like to call this "Postage")
         (i) A priori (payment made for this message)
             (I) Real money (lots of subcategories)
             (II) Evidence of money spent (lots of these too, e.g., hashcash)
         (ii) A posteriori (payment promised upon misbehavior)
              ...lots of these, e.g., Habeas, Bonded Sender, Templeton Postage

3.2) Determination mechanism
     (a) Human
         (i) White/black/reputation lists for senders
             ...Such lists can be further classified according
                to how they are maintained
         (ii) Collaborative filtering for bodies
         (iii) Hand-crafted rules for senders, headers and/or bodies
             ...includes such things as "Postfix" and checkings "envelope
             characteristics" as well as "Dear friend"-like body rules
     (b) System
         (i) Learning based on human spam/ham tagging
             ...much sub-classification is possible
         (ii) Bulk detection (DCC)

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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] Checklist and full disclosure
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 21:04:02 -0500 (EST)

Vernon Schryver wrote:

> I don't intend to say that it should not have been posted, but to urge
> caution.  This is a public list whose archives will soon be indexed
> by the search engines.  It would be a shame if the only results from
> this effort are a lot of noise and some cookbooks and checklists for
> spammers.

Well, this is a research group, and I think we need full disclosure.
Security through obscurity is not a good anti-spam policy.

--
David.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Taxonomy of anti-spam systems 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 10 Mar 2003 17:56:41 PST."
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 16:18:31 -0500

"Raymie Stata" <raymie@cs.ucsc.edu> wrote:
> In short, I think we should be looking for sets of "orthogonal dimensions"
> along which to measure anti-spam systems rather than a "taxonomy"
> in the traditional sense of that word (a tree of mutually-exclusive,
> jointly-exhaustive categories).

  I would prefer to start off with a good consent model.  Once we have
that, we can vary the model parameters to address the possible
variations of consent, and therefore of anti-spam measures.  (Who,
where, why, instead of how.)

  If we have such a model, anti-spam systems can be described by what
problems they solve.  Until then, all of the proposed solutions are
qualitative statements of the form "well, I think this should help..."

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: RE: "Consent" and the charter (Re: [Asrg] re: taxonomy of solutio
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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 18:48:27 -0800

I think Vern's point can be generalized.

If only 20% of the spam being generated is being generated by people who
should know better and are likely to respond to best practices type
approaches then it is a worthwhile exercise to address that 20%.

There is certainly a hard core of thugs and murderers who use spam as part
of their 419 extortion rackets that are not going to listen, but the spam
from those quarters already has a very distinct signal.

What we need to avoid at all costs is a situation where people start to
believe the propaganda from the spam senders, that it is alright to do this
stuff and that pretty soon every F500 will act that way.

I strongly suspect that the biggest spam scam is when the spam hauses take
money from their customers claiming that spam works. 

		Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Vern Paxson [mailto:vern@icir.org]
> Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 8:32 PM
> To: Liudvikas Bukys
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org; Paul Judge
> Subject: "Consent" and the charter (Re: [Asrg] re: taxonomy of
> solutions, including some new items)
> 
> 
> > ** consent verification
> > 
> > 	When I saw the ASRG charter, I leaped to the conclusion that a
> > 	consent model would be useful for two reasons:	(1) to 
> contribute
> > 	to a rigorous careful discussion, and (2) to produce human- and
> > 	machine-readable representations of consent that would be useful
> > 	for such things as:
> > 	- reducing the "I didn't know any better" gray-area excuse of
> > 	  spammers regarding opt-in, opt-out, and database reselling
> > 	- making life better for users by causing practices to 
> converge on
> > 	  consent that is explicit, self-documenting and 
> user-accessible,
> > 	  establishing standardized representations (similar to DSNs),
> > 	  and offering choices that are "good enough" but much lighter-
> > 	  weight than, say, PKI.
> > 
> > 	Is this what the chair was thinking?
> 
> If by chair you mean the IRTF chair, then somewhat.  The 
> emphasis on consent
> in the charter was an attempt to frame the effort in terms of 
> high-level
> goals rather than particular mechanisms.  The notion of 
> producing human/
> machine-readable representations of consent is certainly 
> within scope, but
> so are schemes that incorporate consent without such representations.
> 
> 		Vern  (speaking as IRTF chair)
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 02:05:45 -0500

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On Mon, 10 Mar 2003 19:06:32 -0300, "Alejandro G. Belluscio" <baldusi@uol.com.ar>  said:

> I know it's too early to send this kind of proposal, but please keep in
> mind the idea that, if signature is required, use the existing business
> relationships instead of making the Verisign mistake again.

And my business relationship to you is what, exactly?

This isn't a rhetorical question.  There's only a few basic trust models:

1) Our respective cert authorities negotiate a private cross-cert
agreement.  This works well for 2 businesses that want to verify each
other's signatures, but doesn't scale to the open internet.

2) a Verisign/X.509 model where somebody runs a central set of servers.
Nobody is going to do one of these that scales to Internet size for free
either (hint - what percent of domains have their own CA that can sign
certs for their users?)

3) A PGP web-of-trust model.  Works great once both correspondents are in
the same web, but has some major bootstrapping issues...

The "Verisign mistake" happened because there aren't a lot of other things
that *could* have happened.

> (lots of definitions skipped)

> Objectives
> -To have a certified sender in the sense of a legal entity .
> -Keep the privacy of the sender and reciever when necesary.
> -Minimize the cost of entity certification.

Reasonable goals..

> Description
> 
> 1. Each SMTP has to enable SMTP-AUTH. This enables the server uniquely
> identify the Sending Account sending such mail.

Nice hand-waving.  How do you ensure that the *REMOTE* end actually enforces
it?  This isn't as easy as it looks - *my* mail systems may do SMTP AUTH,
and I may even pass a cookie to you so if there's a problem with one of
my users, you can give me the cookie and I'll hopefully know who to call
in and beat the snot out of them (which was the *original* purpose of
RFC1413 IDENT, incidentally).

Of course, a spamhaus already knows who's using their server, and has no
need of running SMTP AUTH to verify that they themselves are the ones
sending the mail....

> 2. Using that information the header is then added a signature using a
> certificate of the SM plus a code that let's said SM to uniquely
> identify the Sending Account. This code should be chosen so as to be non
> desiptive of said account for a third party, even if he recieves
> multiple emails.

Read RFC1413, section 6 (Security Considerations)

You're trusting the remote site to give you information.

> 4. (to discuss or optional) On a recieving SMTP if the email has a valid
> signature path, it's signed by himself and given a code that let's the
> SM uniquely identify the RA.

Signed how?  and what makes this more trusted than the set of Received:
headers?

There's two cases to consider:

1) There exists a PKI.  In this case, the sender just uses S/MIME or PGP
or whatever, and all the intermediaries need do *NOTHING*.  This message is
PGP signed - if you want you can validate it via the PGP web-of-trust.  And
my mail server, your mail server, and the IETF mail server need not get
involved at all.  If I sign it with an X.509-style cert, the mail server
STILL doesn't have to get involved, because the cert chain on my signature
already identifies me.

2) There isn't a PKI.  If so, then everybody is basically just using self-signed
certificates, which prove approximately nothing...

Note that doing crypto on a hop-by-hop basis will get *expensive* - the note
that I'm replying to had 8 Received: headers, and 15-20 is not at all
uncommon.  By the 10th or 12th hop, that's a *LOT* of cert chains you have
to walk through to verify (and remember that *each* cert chain is going
to take a chunk of resources)....

-- 
				Valdis Kletnieks
				Computer Systems Senior Engineer
				Virginia Tech


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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 10 Mar 2003 18:39:57 EST."
             <p06000a2dba92c4ee6f0f@[192.168.1.104]> 
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On Mon, 10 Mar 2003 18:39:57 EST, Kee Hinckley said:

> I currently have a sample database 22,000 confirmed spam messages 
> sent to roughly 200 real email accounts.
> 
> 40% blocked by the country restriction.
>   4% blocked due to obvious viruses.
> 14% blocked due to system blacklist.
> <1% blocked by user blacklists.
> 
> There's less than three percent overlap between those factors.  The

Actually, there's a hidden assumption here that means that there's
a lot MORE than 3% overlap. Your 14% system blacklist refers to a
blacklist that was tailored thinking "and this list doesn't include
anything from .XY because we country-restrict them already".

What's *really* there is a system blacklist that accounts for 54%
of catches, where 70% of the rules are country-based and the other 30%
are rules to catch stuff the country rules dont....

Pick a country .XY and analyze it carefully - it's fairly likely that
if you didn't filter the country, you'd blacklist 3-4 spamhauses that
are 95% of the problem in that country.

The important question of course becomes whether or not the *rest* of
that country's population will start using e-mail enough to increase the
risk of false positives and skew your stats... ;)

> rest are blocked solely on problems we saw with the headers.  There's 
> certainly overlap between that and the other factors, but we don't 
> currently log it specifically, so I don't know how much.

It would be interesting and informative to have some other numbers.

What percent of mail was tagged with the country restriction but *NOT*
tagged as spam by users? (For instance, it would be quite easy to flag
all mail from .CN as spam - and although my users would probably tag back
100% of the spam from .CN, they'd not tag 100% of the mail from .CN, as
many have relatives there.. The fact that 40% of spam fails the country
test is not at all a reliable predictor unless there is a near-zero rate
of non-spam that fails the country test.

Is the "user blacklist" number the percentage caught by pre-established
user filters, or is that saying that your other checks were 99% effective
in identifying spam and only 1% got through to users for them to report?
Do you have any guesstimates of how much *unreported* spam got through
to the 200 accounts?

Or to turn up the satire, and point out the problem with the analysis:

40% of spammers drank milk at breakfast the day they spammed

I saw an amusing statistic once that 99.97% of all felonies are committed
while breathing air.... ;)

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Subject: Re: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
To: "Jason Hihn"  <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
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> I'm not concerned. Get the spam off the net, and watch reliability go up.
> ;-)
> 

You're not concerned that your proposal would impose a cost (any cost) on
innocent systems which haven't subscribed to it?

You're not concerned that validating a "from address" is a non-trivial
problem?

Fine. However, that doesn't stop these being "concerns" in a non-personal
sense.






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On Tue, 11 Mar 2003 02:05:45 -0500, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:

> 2) a Verisign/X.509 model where somebody runs a central set of servers.
> Nobody is going to do one of these that scales to Internet size for free
> either (hint - what percent of domains have their own CA that can sign
> certs for their users?)

[thinking aloud] 
Hmm - If we followed a hierachical (heterachic would probably be better)
model of CA's then someone would run a secure central responsitory for
certifying CA's who would then certify the rest of the world.

The technology is not expensive or complex - and apart from security issues
(which are not too be sneezed at) the technical resource implications are
very similar to running an mid range ISP news or web server pool.

If we could find some sucker^Wkind-person who would host the initial
central CA for free and we could then find say a few dozen companies
who would offer free public CA's we could have an infrastructure in place
with little or no cost to the public.

Seriously...

Yes, the internet is very commercial these days however it should be
remembered that what we are talking about is a way to save ISP's 
significant sums of money by being able to more effectively block spam/UCE
in some manner. The projected savings should be enough to convince many
of the larger ISPs that a small investment in becoming a public CA
will result in savings beyond the original cost. After all if what we
propose does not save more than it costs why are we doing it anyway?
- at least thats the view many businesses will have to take...

In the same way that ISps block external access to news servers we will
have a number of ISps that ill want to offer CA services to thier own
customer base only. How we avoid this happening is a question I have no
answer to...

Demon internet tried the large private new pool + small slow public news
pool and this model failed for some reason - the public pool was withdrawn
after a few years with no stated reasons etc.

I suppose contracts could force CAs to remain public however we all know
force does not work... :-)

My last coment is that no matter what solution or technology is selected
we should aim for incremental implementation - "big bang" solutions
almost always fail (IMHO).

Anyway back to lurking ;-)

Jacqui


Jacqui Caren, Ingram Group Ltd. jacqui@ig.co.uk
ph: +44 (0) 1483 8628xx main=00 fax=01 ddi=65
http://www.ig.co.uk/ http://www.sitedirector.org/
http://www.perl.co.uk/


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On Mon, 10 Mar 2003 17:34:05 +0100, Hadmut Danisch said:

> Some years ago, hackers used to be highly sophisticated experts.
> Meanwhile, the majority of attacks are driven by silly script kiddies
> using high sophisticated tools without understanding what's going on.

As I said on another list recently: "Sometimes, the data makes a lot more
sense if you analyze it thinking 'What if the Three Stooges were hackers?'"

> Reading some of the spams I receive I found that many of them seem
> to be sent with the very same software and address list. There are

I've certainly seen my share of Three Stooges spammers...

One particularly bad day, I had one spammer send me:

CLICK HERE TO VISIT OUR SITE

In a text/plain.  No HTML. No anchors. No http:. Nothing.  Quite obviously
slice-and-miced from another spam and all the anchors lost. Whoops.

About 15 minutes later, I had some spam land in the Listserv postmaster's
mailbox because it was sent to an invalid userid.  The part that made it
pathetic-to-the-point-I-hope-they-dont-reproduce was that they were marketing
a CD with 400 million allegedly verified email addresses....



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On Mon, 10 Mar 2003 12:01:29 +0100, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> On Sun, Mar 09, 2003 at 08:09:58PM -0500, Erez Zadok wrote:
> > is forged, I don't believe (again from personal experience), that 50% of all
> > email is spam.
> 
> That completely depends on the use of email.
> 
> I find 5-15 spam mails in my mailbox every day, which is significantly
> less than 10% of my email traffic (even without the  asrg list). 
> 

I use email (from here only for work).

I get approx ~10 messages a day (say 100 peak) from work and customers.
Email averages at say 2Kb/msg with peaks of say 20Meg zip attachments ;-)

Spam without our inhouse filtering it averages at around 300 messages
per desktop with messages getting bigger (as you say).
I get approx 40 spam messages per day on my desktop of which at least
half are duplicates - I get at least two and often three of each mainly
due to allowed variations in my email address. Jacqui J.caren Jacqui.caren etc.

Spam is an irritant and eats time however reading the asrg mlist takes
even more time than keeping up with newsgroups of interest...

FYI: When I post (very rarely these days) to a public NG new (unfiltered)
spam goes through the roof until the filters catch up.

Jacqui

p.s. I read this mlist mainly as a developer of opt in email broadcast systems
for people who want to send out personalised data (news, vacancies, product
pricelists to resellers, stock price data to paying customers, personalised
stock analysis reports etc. We actively avoid working for people who may even
consider 'spamming' the world.

Regarding earlier discussions of the cost of initial infrastructure I know
some companies in the (opt-in) EMBC field who would consider funding the
initial infratsructure of a technically and commercially viable solution.
Not everyone in the EMBC field are evil doers and ogres - some are not
only good guys but want to be seen to be so :-)


Jacqui Caren, Ingram Group Ltd. jacqui@ig.co.uk
ph: +44 (0) 1483 8628xx main=00 fax=01 ddi=65
http://www.ig.co.uk/ http://www.sitedirector.org/
http://www.perl.co.uk/


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Email Certification Path Proposal 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 11 Mar 2003 08:16:04 GMT."
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 03:50:07 -0500

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On Tue, 11 Mar 2003 08:16:04 GMT, Jacqui Caren <jacqui.caren@ig.co.uk>  said:

> If we could find some sucker^Wkind-person who would host the initial
> central CA for free and we could then find say a few dozen companies
> who would offer free public CA's we could have an infrastructure in place
> with little or no cost to the public.

And said certificates would be worth what they cost. Little to nothing.

Running a CA is easy.  Certifying that the users are who they say they
are is *HARD*.

Let's say the actual server, software, install, bandwidth, etc, costs $20K.
Let's say we've also decided to charge $5 per certificate.

Now you need an office where 4,000 people can come in and show ID to prove
they are themselves so you can create a certificate for them.

Now you have to pay for office rent and a clerical worker to do that work,
so your break-even point just went to 10K people.  Hopefully you're in a
city, so you don't have to open multiple offices all over the place...

Work out the business model for 500K certificates.  Remember to include
in the price tag the private investigator doing background checks on the
people who run the CA's to make sure they don't have any ties to spammers
or organized crime....

If you don't think the background check isn't needed, you need to think
about it some more....

Here's what happens when it isn't done right:

http://www.cert.org/advisories/CA-2001-04.html



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In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 10 Mar 2003 10:12:47 PST."
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On Mon, 10 Mar 2003 10:12:47 PST, matthew richards <matt@larkinam.com>  said:
> why not just create a whole new closed email system based on SMTP but 
> not backwards compatible. and then make the sign up for that system 
> VERY comprehensive, like getting a drivers licence (or at least a 
> combination of factors that could not be easily falsified or 
> randomized) and maybe apply real world penalties for abuse of the 

Hmm.. You don't live in a college town, do you? ;)  If you did, you could
ask around - there's *always* somebody who can make an ID that says you're
21 so you can go drinking.  The only reason that a driver's license works
as ID 

This is just the same old "If we had a PKI, we could digitally sign
everything" argument.  The problem is that we don't have a working PKI.

Find out how many driver's licenses your state Dept of Motor Vehicles
has issued.  Find out how much they charge per license.  Multiply the
two numbers - that's revenue.  Now find out if DMV puts money into the
state or if it needs more funding.

What does your answer say about the financial feasibility of your idea?

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On Tue, 11 Mar 2003 03:50:07 -0500, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:

> On Tue, 11 Mar 2003 08:16:04 GMT, Jacqui Caren <jacqui.caren@ig.co.uk>  said:
> 
> > If we could find some sucker^Wkind-person who would host the initial
> > central CA for free and we could then find say a few dozen companies
> > who would offer free public CA's we could have an infrastructure in place
> > with little or no cost to the public.
> 
> And said certificates would be worth what they cost. Little to nothing.
> 
> Running a CA is easy.  Certifying that the users are who they say they
> are is *HARD*.

[ **very** good points snipped ]

> If you don't think the background check isn't needed, you need to think
> about it some more....

It is even worse in that in the UK, the legal requirements make
being a CA **seriously** expensive. Every company that has moved
into the UK ecommerce/etrust market has now dropped out of the market.

I did not even consider the need for background checks etc - even though
many people I know do at least credit checks before accepting a customer
 - in the UK the number of cases discussed where prospects are actually
broke at the point of contract is getting scary!


Perhaps I should stick to lurking :-)

Jacqui

Jacqui Caren, Ingram Group Ltd. jacqui@ig.co.uk
ph: +44 (0) 1483 8628xx main=00 fax=01 ddi=65
http://www.ig.co.uk/ http://www.sitedirector.org/
http://www.perl.co.uk/


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From: Anthony Howe <achowe@snert.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] Need for a Glossary (Was: Taxonomy of anti-spam systems)
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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> With my spokeperson hat on I prefer the terms 'Detect Wanted' and
> 'Detect Junk'. I am not going to use any term that involves the
> word 'fail' with a journalist when talking about my work or
> company products.

I like these terms, they are far more clear and don't carry any 
negative conitations.

> should also mention vigilante actions such as teergrubbing and hackback, I

I've not heard these terms before

	"teergrubbing"
	"hackback"

Maybe part of this  should create a "glossary" web page, because some 
people like myself might not be "au courant" and since you are already 
talking about journalists, will find it useful if some terms and 
concepts are predefined (or in the course of being defined).

I've found that alot of the arguments being carried on in other 
threads revolve around semantics and meaning and really start to grow 
tiring after so many posts.  I can't believe that it takes people so 
long to actually come to some concensis on what SPAM is and what to 
call / classify the assorted abuses of SMTP, RFC 2822, MIME, and the 
like, let alone even start coming up with ideas, data gathering, 
experiments, and maybe even some possible solutions.

I think the choice of words and their semantics are important, but I 
also think that they shouldn't be the focus of overlong continued 
discussions, which is why I'd think some sort of open community 
glossary might be a better place to define and isolate such long term 
discussions of this nature.

-- 
Anthony C Howe                            +33 6 11 89 73 78
http://www.snert.com/     ICQ: 7116561      AIM: Sir Wumpus
"Will the real email please stand up..."

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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 12:18:44 +0000

On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 04:57:47PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> But US spam senders are unlikely to uproot themselves and go to 
> places where there is no effective government. If they tried the
> bribes that they would have to pay to operate would quickly erase
> their profits.

I'm not convinced at all.   Consider the current situation with trade
agreements w.r.t. software and VCD piracy; the biggest offenders
are in East Asia, and have been for decades.  So obviously US-led
trade agreements are taking a long time to have an appreciable
effect over there.

At the same time, some of the highest broadband rollout to date is
in East Asian countries (Korea for example), so there is a lot of
tech savvy and bandwidth to be used.

That's a spammer's dream -- lots of bandwidth, and little influence
of US law.

In other words, there's a good reason why some of the big spamhauses
have sited their server infrastructure over there.

PS: also, I don't know for sure, but from what I've heard I'd reckon
power cuts are more common in Silicon Valley, than Beijing's server
farms ;)

--j.
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On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 05:16:43PM -0800, Jonathan Wilkins wrote:
> I think that this is a false analogy.  Legislation has been somewhat
> effective against pirated PHYSICAL media.  One would be hard pressed
> to argue that it was effective against purely digital piracy.  
> All that's happened from the various RIAA cases is to push the 
> pirates to different networks.

Hmm, I missed this thread in my last reply.

Also, physical pirate copies are easier to stop *entering* the US.
That's why you haven't seen them.   A visit to the biggest mall in
Bangkok last year illustrated this graphically to me; I was
surrounded by about 1000 sq.ft. of racks of pirate CD-ROMs.  And
that's nice, clean, shiny mainstream Bangkok shopping, not some
kind of pirate flea market. ;)

The piracy's all still there, it's just not getting into your hands as
easily as it used to...

--j.
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> On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 04:57:47PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> > But US spam senders are unlikely to uproot themselves and go to 
> > places where there is no effective government. If they tried the
> > bribes that they would have to pay to operate would quickly erase
> > their profits.
> 
> I'm not convinced at all.   Consider the current situation with trade
> agreements w.r.t. software and VCD piracy; the biggest offenders
> are in East Asia, and have been for decades.  So obviously US-led
> trade agreements are taking a long time to have an appreciable
> effect over there.

What an amazingly parochial view. It is unlikely that we are going
to see any US led trade agreements for many years. Why do you assume
that your country is the only super-national actor? 

Korea is looking to adopt anti-spam legislation unilaterally. Their
people have the same complaints as everyone else.

		Phill
 
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 12:55:57 +0000

> 
> Korea is looking to adopt anti-spam legislation unilaterally. Their
> people have the same complaints as everyone else.
> 

That's most terrifically good news. 
Do you have a reference for that? (in English)




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Henrik Levkowetz <henrik@levkowetz.com> wrote:
On 9 Mar 2003 02:41:20 "Mark Delany" <tcrcn-6ugsc@qmda.emu.st> wrote:
<snip>
> The one down side is that all mailing lists have to send individual
> mails to each recipient and we all know what sort of red flag that is
> to some bulls.

That sounds as if you think the confirmation token needs to be handled at
RFC2822 level rather than at RFC2821 level.  Since the mailbox to which the
message is to be delivered is identified only at RFC2821 level, that seems a
little odd to say the least. Surely the token should be handled at the
envelope level, just as a matter of principal (the tokken expresses consent
relating to an envelope - RCPT_TO - destination, not to anything specified
in the content, in the context of the envelope sender (mailing list) not in
respect to anything specified in the content).  And putting it at the level
it belongs at would avoid waving that red flag to those bulls.

As well as elimintatinmg the red flag, putting the token in the appropriate
level of protocl eliminates another problem that would arrive from putting
it in the wrong place.  Email sent through RFC821 systems does not have to
conform to RFC2822 (see first two paragraphs of section 2.1 of that RFC,
which list some mail content RFCs which use octets not permitted in RFC2822
conformant mail).  There is no requirement on MTAs to understand RFC2822 or
any other standard that might be used to encode a mail body - they only have
to understand RFC2821.  I think that the volume of RFC2822 non-conformant
email is now greater than the body of RFC2822 conformant email  (it
certainly is in terms of mail I receive, one reason being that a lot of it
uses the ISO western European character set rather than USASCII). So putting
the solution in a replacement for RFC2822 instead of in a replacement for
RFC2821 will just not work for most mail transferred through RFC2821
conformant MTAs unless we put it also into every other content encoding
standard (and it would require MTAs to have to mess about in stuff that is
essentially none of their business).

Tom Thomson

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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them
 all
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You have to break eggs to make an omelet. There is no solution to spam that
will not wind up costing the same as or being cheaper than current email.

What we can do is create a system where the cost of email+spamproofness <
cost of email+spam. I believe that is a good technical definition of success
in this task.

Validating a from address is trivial.

And don't understand your last statement.


-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Jon
Kyme
Sent: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 3:08 AM
To: Jason Hihn
Cc: ASRG
Subject: Re: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that
addresses them all


> I'm not concerned. Get the spam off the net, and watch reliability go up.
> ;-)
>

You're not concerned that your proposal would impose a cost (any cost) on
innocent systems which haven't subscribed to it?

You're not concerned that validating a "from address" is a non-trivial
problem?

Fine. However, that doesn't stop these being "concerns" in a non-personal
sense.






--
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
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Combine this with my first thread, the alternate character thread, and you
have something for  your 10, 50, and 90 percent deployment. You also have an
easy way for anyone to adopt the new system and interact with legacy
systems.

At any percentage the emails you get are known non-spam.

There is one goal: to eliminate spam. If you want social implications at 10,
50 and 90 percent then you are missing the point. Social implications are
irrelevant. Economic ones are the only ones that drive anything. I don't
care if Joe Blow wants a new spam proof email system - he doesn't control
his mail servers. His ISP does. And his ISP doesn't want to pay for spam.
Even if it costs him 15% more than non-spam email (assuming 80% of email is
spam) that's still significant cost reduction.

Or you can look at it this way: Once widely adopted and spam eliminated, if
you were to downgrade to the old system, you'd incur more cost (though the
cost per email is less) due to your permitting of spam. Ask anyone if they'd
like to do that, and they'll ask you "are you crazy?"

Am I making any kind of sense?

-----Original Message-----
From: Kee Hinckley [mailto:nazgul@somewhere.com]
Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 4:39 PM
To: Jason Hihn
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses
them all


At 12:23 PM -0500 3/10/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
>The outgoing mail server will have to see what addresses account@yahoo.com
>did send to that haven't been verified ("authenticated") yet. If it gets a
>request from an account that was not sent to, then it sends an 'account
does
>not exist' message. This will cause the spoofed message to be rejected,
>while not allowing the existence of an account to be determined by a
>malicious entity.

This assumes a pretty complex infrastructure mapping between all
possible sending servers and receiving servers for the same domain.
And until everyone has updated their mail servers, the false positive
rate is going to be huge, so you don't dare block on it.

So once again you have a system which nobody has an incentive to move
to until it's been deployed by the majority of users.

Let me propose a rule for proposals.

No proposal without an explanation of the incentives for the senders
and receivers to adopt the system at three stages:  10%, 50% and 90%
deployed.  And at each stage, explain what actions the spammers are
being forced to take.

I would argue that a system that offers no benefits until you've
passed the 50% point is never going to be adopted.

On the other hand.  A system which is virtually guaranteed to fail at
the 90% point (challenge/response, possibly content filters) can
demonstrably shown to have early adopters because, while it may fail
when scaled, it works now.

Let's try and leverage those social forces.  (My anthro advisor would
be proud :-)
--
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.

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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 08:20:05 -0700 (MST)

> From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu

> ...
> The "Verisign mistake" happened because there aren't a lot of other things
> that *could* have happened.

Yes, but that is only because the PKI notion was based on authenticating
strangers despite men-in-the-middle and all other attacks.
To deal with spam, a DNS TXT RR with a public key would be strong enough.

> > -To have a certified sender in the sense of a legal entity .
> > -Keep the privacy of the sender and reciever when necesary.
> > -Minimize the cost of entity certification.

> ...
> Nice hand-waving.  How do you ensure that the *REMOTE* end actually enforces
> it?

Strangers can't be trusted to not be spammers.  Authentication can at
most prove identity.  Contrary to the Verisign PKI whitepapers, the
Microsoft ActiveX promises, and and standard authentication spam defense
claims, authentication says nothing about authorization.

> my users, you can give me the cookie and I'll hopefully know who to call
> in and beat the snot out of them (which was the *original* purpose of
> RFC1413 IDENT, incidentally).

No, my recollection of the original, announced purpose of IDENT/TAP
was to prove that the other guy was not a nasty bad guy.  It was only
well into the TAP/IDENT nastiness that silliness was stomped out. 
I remember arguing for what seemed like eons with people that the
IDENT/TAP token was useless for proving virtue.

> Of course, a spamhaus already knows who's using their server, and has no
> need of running SMTP AUTH to verify that they themselves are the ones
> sending the mail....

Yes, authentication is not authorization.  We will always need white-
or blacklists, which are nothing more than authorization mechanisms
go to with authentication mechanisms.

These key/token/signing schemes can only address the sender information
that has been "forged" in the sense of willful misrepresentation of identity.
(I'm sorry Paul, but stopping the thread does not resolve the issue.)


> 1) There exists a PKI.  In this case, the sender just uses S/MIME or PGP
> or whatever, and all the intermediaries need do *NOTHING*.  This message is
> PGP signed - if you want you can validate it via the PGP web-of-trust....

If there is a PKI, you've still got nothing.  Spammers can and must
be allowed to buy certs too.  Authentication is not authorization.
Remember that PGP mantra that the web-of-trust only proves a key
is good and does imply anything about the virtue of the key owner.

> 2) There isn't a PKI.  If so, then everybody is basically just using self-signed
> certificates, which prove approximately nothing...


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 08:30:51 -0700 (MST)

> From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu

> ...
> Running a CA is easy.  Certifying that the users are who they say they
> are is *HARD*.
>
> Let's say the actual server, software, install, bandwidth, etc, costs $20K.
> Let's say we've also decided to charge $5 per certificate.
>
> Now you need an office where 4,000 people can come in and show ID to prove
> they are themselves so you can create a certificate for them.
> ...

Say you do all of that.  What keeps Ralsky from hiring people off the
street to go into the office, get a certificate, and give it to Ralsky
who uses it for the next 20 spews of spam?


Authentication is not authorization.  The only thing that certs, keys,
and so forth can do is reduce genuine forgery of sender information.

If I'm right that the reason that almost all spam with what some claim
is "forged" sender information involves free mail provider domains
from a few 100 domains instead the other 50,000,000 domains is that
it is not really "forged," then all of the cert-ing in the universe
will have no effect on spam.  When you sign up for a Yahoo mailbox,
you'll simply get a cert in addition to a username and a password.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 11 Mar 2003 04:46:22 PST."
             <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A3110002@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> 
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On Tue, 11 Mar 2003 04:46:22 PST, "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" said:

> What an amazingly parochial view. It is unlikely that we are going
> to see any US led trade agreements for many years. Why do you assume
> that your country is the only super-national actor? 

That was his point - the US, even as the most obvious super-national,
is having a hard time convincing other countries to do what we want.

We can't even convince the rest of the US Security Council of such blazingly
obvious "facts" as "madmen must be disarmed". ;)

> Korea is looking to adopt anti-spam legislation unilaterally. Their
> people have the same complaints as everyone else.

Right - the point is that they're doing it because THEIR citizens are
asking, not because some other country is.

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Subject: Re: RE: RE: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 16:20:49 +0000

> 
> Oh. I have not seen it. But if we can put a man on the moon, 50 years
> ago, I
> hope we can validate an email address!

http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo.html





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On Tue, 11 Mar 2003 09:16:10 GMT, Jacqui Caren <jacqui.caren@ig.co.uk>  said:

> Perhaps I should stick to lurking :-)

No, that's OK... keep commenting. ;)

If you hadn't said it, I'd not have commented on the cost of running a CA,
and it wouldn't be in the archives. ;)

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--==_Exmh_70222816P
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On Tue, 11 Mar 2003 09:35:41 EST, Jason Hihn said:

> Validating a from address is trivial.

OK. It's trivial?  Validate the From address on this mail.  Explain in
detail what you did, and what steps you took to make sure that the
data you used wasn't faked. Sure- those Recieved: headers *LOOK* like
they're correct, but *are* they?

Now repeat your analysis, but this time for the following headers:

Received: from gwyn.tux.org (gwyn.tux.org [207.96.122.8])  by steiner.cc.vt.edu (Mirapoint Messaging Server MOS 3.1.0.54-GA)  with ESMTP id ALY11182; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 12:57:12 -0400 (EDT)
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Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 09:08:45 -0400
From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Subject: Re: TeXinfo 4.2 - We *SHOULD* Be Using It.
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How validated are you feeling now?  Incidentally, your validator *should*
have validated the above headers, as that's the looped-back headers from
an item I actually posted while travelling...

/Valdis

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On Tuesday, Mar 11, 2003, at 15:20 Europe/London, Vernon Schryver wrote:

>> 1) There exists a PKI.  In this case, the sender just uses S/MIME or 
>> PGP
>> or whatever, and all the intermediaries need do *NOTHING*.  This 
>> message is
>> PGP signed - if you want you can validate it via the PGP 
>> web-of-trust....
>
> If there is a PKI, you've still got nothing.  Spammers can and must
> be allowed to buy certs too.  Authentication is not authorization.

With authentication you've got something though - a much stronger 
ability to blacklist.

Matt.

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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 11:56:36 -0500

At 2:49 AM -0500 3/11/03, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:
>On Mon, 10 Mar 2003 18:39:57 EST, Kee Hinckley said:
>
>>  I currently have a sample database 22,000 confirmed spam messages
>>  sent to roughly 200 real email accounts.
>>
>>  40% blocked by the country restriction.
>>    4% blocked due to obvious viruses.
>>  14% blocked due to system blacklist.
>>  <1% blocked by user blacklists.
>>
>>  There's less than three percent overlap between those factors.  The
>
>Actually, there's a hidden assumption here that means that there's
>a lot MORE than 3% overlap. Your 14% system blacklist refers to a
>blacklist that was tailored thinking "and this list doesn't include
>anything from .XY because we country-restrict them already".

Yes and no.  Country restrictions are per-user, so the blacklist 
needs to be multi-national.  On the other hand, it's generated 
primarily based on spotting spam that is getting through from fixed 
sources, and that comes from user feedback.  So there is a bias 
towards countries that people usually receive email from.

>What percent of mail was tagged with the country restriction but *NOT*
>tagged as spam by users? (For instance, it would be quite easy to flag

Initially the false positive rate starts a little high until the user 
tunes their filters by specifying which countries they regularly get 
email from.  They can also approve a sender even if we are blocking 
the sender system wide--user rules win.

>all mail from .CN as spam - and although my users would probably tag back
>100% of the spam from .CN, they'd not tag 100% of the mail from .CN, as

They'd okay mail from China, and then possibly have to okay senders 
from some Chinese ISPs on a per-user basis.  (E.g. I'm not sure, but 
I suspect that 163.net is on our blacklist, even though they are 
legit ISP.)

>Is the "user blacklist" number the percentage caught by pre-established
>user filters, or is that saying that your other checks were 99% effective
>in identifying spam and only 1% got through to users for them to report?

Although users can pre-establish a blacklist, they tend not to. 
Instead we let them blacklist a sender at the time they report a 
false negative (spam got through).  1% is the number of subsequent 
messages blocked by those blacklists.

I've just spent a week or so changing the interface to that part of 
the system.  The previous interface pretty much set up blocking the 
sender as the default when you reported spam.  Now it's a secondary 
choice, because the fact of the matter is that blacklisting the 
sending address almost never works.  The next email from the spammer 
uses a different address.  So there's no point in filling your 
blacklist with fake addresses.  (Or is it "might have existed by 
don't exist now" addresses :-).  Instead we want to reserve 
blacklists for blocking email from real people (or domains) that you 
*really* don't want.  So the primary action now is to report the 
problem so that we can look at it and figure out why we didn't block 
it.  We've also added "unsubscribe" detection.  If the message looks 
clean, but you think it's spam, we'll try unsubscribing you from it. 
A lot of the non-technical folks can't tell a commercial list that 
they accidentally subscribed to, from a spam message pretending to be 
a list.  If we can get them off the list, we've done everyone a 
favor.  We'll track responses to those of course--if they keep 
getting mail from the mailing list then we can put them on the 
blacklist.

>Do you have any guesstimates of how much *unreported* spam got through
>to the 200 accounts?

This gets back to the problem I mentioned earlier on the list.  You 
can't trust users to check the email sitting in their blocked queue.

Because we are in (public) beta, our customers have been pretty good 
about trying to report everything, and we try and make reporting real 
easy (click on a URL in the message header).  My (non-scientific) 
observation is that if they let all mail go through to their MUA, and 
filter there, they are better at reporting false negatives (spam in 
their inbox) than false positives (good stuff in their spam box).  If 
they leave the spam on the server then we get the false positive 
report automatically because they can either "send" or "approve" the 
message.  "Sending" it doesn't notify us, and it doesn't change their 
rules.  "Approving" whitelists the sender and sends all messages 
currently held that are from that sender.  *That* we get notification 
of.

Basically, I feel pretty good about our current stats because we know 
most of the beta testers and they know that they are providing us 
with useful information in exchange for free spam blocking.  As we 
get into real users I expect that we'll see the accuracy drop off, 
especially after they've used the system for a while.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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To: "Jacqui Caren" <jacqui.caren@ig.co.uk>
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 11:26:53 -0500

At 9:16 AM -0500 3/11/03, Jacqui Caren wrote:
>I did not even consider the need for background checks etc - even though
>many people I know do at least credit checks before accepting a customer
>  - in the UK the number of cases discussed where prospects are actually
>broke at the point of contract is getting scary!
>
>Perhaps I should stick to lurking :-)

I wouldn't go that far.  Let's backup a moment and ask what level of 
certification we are looking for.

Current web site certificates are (moderately) expensive because 
their point is to ensure not only that your domain is secure, but 
that it belongs to the company you claim it belongs too.  As has been 
pointed out on this list, $99 US (that's what I pay for certs 
semi-wholesale right now, want to buy one? :-) is not enough to 
ensure that.  Practically speaking an SSL certificate is probably an 
assurance that the site you are connecting to is managed by the owner 
of the domain, but not much more.  And besides, nobody looks at the 
cert info to see if the company information corresponds anyway.

In the email space we have seen several types of authentication 
discussed.  I may have the details wrong here as I haven't had time 
to do more than skim the domain proposals.

1. Domain
Determines that a user is allowed to send email from a domain.  This 
assumes that the domain itself has determined the user to be valid 
(which may or may not be a valid assumption).  This can be done 
non-cryptographically (comparing the sending IP to a convention for 
DNS lookup) or cryptographically (comparing a token in the 
message/transport to something you lookup somewhere).

2. Sender (sometimes envelope-from, sometimes From header)
This determines that the sender is who they say they are. 
Non-cryptographic methods simply check to see if the account exists, 
which really doesn't protect against forgery, just (possibly) keeps 
out fake addresses.  They can't check against the sending IP since 
mail senders are not always mail receivers.  Cryptographic methods 
ensure that the sender is actually the owner of the email address via 
some server lookup.

I don't see that domain authentication requires externally provided 
certificates.  Insofar as the check is done using the DNS system, 
that provides some degree of assurance (modulo cache poisoning).  All 
that's needed is a simple way of generating public/private keys.  Of 
course you could have external authorities if people wanted to 
certify the behavior of the sender.  That would enable you to not 
only know what domain truly sent it--but whether you thought you 
could trust them to be good.

Sender authentication *does* need a central authority.  However there 
are three levels at which it could be done.

1. The sending domain could be the authority.
In other words, just as with domain authentication we trusted the 
domain to only allow valid from addresses, we could also use the 
sending domain to authenticate the sending key.  It's a weak level of 
trust, but as good as the domain authentication.  It does require 
more infrastructure on the part of sending domain.

2. The central authority could be automated.
In this model we are ensuring only that the sending person is in fact 
the owner of the email address.  This is the old First Virtual model 
of authentication.  It's primary vulnerability is at the mail server, 
and from viruses.  But all in all it's a pretty good model.  In 
particular, it can be run very cheaply.  You send a request for 
certificate, you get back a receipt, you forward the receipt, you get 
the certificate.  (And somewhere in there you pay $5 or whatever.) 
The interface could easily be managed by plugins to existing MUAs.

3. The central authority could actually guarantee you are who you say you are.
This is the expensive case.  But it's not clear to me that it is 
truly necessary.  It's also not clear to me that there is anyone I 
would trust to run it.  I've bypassed Network Solutions' "you must 
provide proof" mechanisms so many times that I just don't believe 
anyone would run this one safely.  Maybe the government could do it, 
but only because they have enough offices that people could show up 
in person with a passport and birth certificate and a print out of 
the confirming email.

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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To: Asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 11:41:41 -0500

At 2:49 AM -0500 3/11/03, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:
>Actually, there's a hidden assumption here that means that there's
>a lot MORE than 3% overlap. Your 14% system blacklist refers to a
>blacklist that was tailored thinking "and this list doesn't include
>anything from .XY because we country-restrict them already".

Not quite, because country blocking is per user.  But I'll take the 
rest of my response off list, since it's really a discussion of our 
system (which makes it more of an ad than anything relevant to this). 
If anyone else wants it, let me know.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
In-reply-to: <200303111647.h2BGloRj003728@turing-police.cc.vt.edu>
To: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
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PSEUDO CODE:
user=left_of('@', email_addr)
domain=right_of('@', email_addr)
server=find_mx(domain)
socket=open(server, some_std_port)
write(socket, "VALIDATE user\n")
read(socket, response)
if (find(response, "USER UNKOWN"))
   valid=false;
else
   valid=true;

DONE

You can't EVER use headers because they are forgeable. You have to go right
to the source.
Incendentally, the other server's code is like:

bind()
while (con=accept()) {
	read(req)
      result=dispatch(req, con)
	write(result)
}

Dispatch is the heart of it all. It will pass on the request to sub mail
servers if it cannot be determined on this one. It also makes sure that the
connection comes from a recenelty sent-to domain to keep spammers from
asking for validations of email addrs out of the blue.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu [mailto:Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu]
> Sent: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 11:48 AM
> To: Jason Hihn
> Cc: ASRG
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses
> them all
>
>
> On Tue, 11 Mar 2003 09:35:41 EST, Jason Hihn said:
>
> > Validating a from address is trivial.
>
> OK. It's trivial?  Validate the From address on this mail.  Explain in
> detail what you did, and what steps you took to make sure that the
> data you used wasn't faked. Sure- those Recieved: headers *LOOK* like
> they're correct, but *are* they?
>
> Now repeat your analysis, but this time for the following headers:
>
> Received: from gwyn.tux.org (gwyn.tux.org [207.96.122.8])  by
> steiner.cc.vt.edu (Mirapoint Messaging Server MOS 3.1.0.54-GA)
> with ESMTP id ALY11182; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 12:57:12 -0400 (EDT)
> Received: from gwyn.tux.org (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1])
> by gwyn.tux.org (8.9.3/8.9.1) with ESMTP id MAA04906; Mon,  12
> Aug 2002 12:55:01 -0400
> Received: (from turnbull@localhost) by gwyn.tux.org (8.9.3/8.9.1)
>  id MAA04868 for xemacs-design-mailman@xemacs.org; Mon,  12 Aug
> 2002 12:54:38 -0400
> Received: (from mail@localhost) by gwyn.tux.org (8.9.3/8.9.1)  id
> MAA04864 for turnbull@tux.org; Mon, 12 Aug 2002 12:54:38 -0400
> Received: from turing-police.cc.vt.edu (natted.Sendmail.COM
> [63.211.143.38])  by gwyn.tux.org (8.9.3/8.9.1) with ESMTP id
> MAA04854; Mon,  12 Aug 2002 12:54:30 -0400
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> g79D8j58001879; Fri, 09 Aug 2002 09:08:45 -0400
> X-URL: http://black-ice.cc.vt.edu/~valdis/
> Date: Fri, 09 Aug 2002 09:08:45 -0400
> From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
> Subject: Re: TeXinfo 4.2 - We *SHOULD* Be Using It.
> In-reply-to: "Your message of Fri, 09 Aug 2002 12:31:16 +0900."
> <87k7n0r9mj.fsf@tleepslib.sk.tsukuba.ac.jp>
> Sender: xemacs-design-admin@xemacs.org
> To: "Stephen J. Turnbull" <stephen@xemacs.org>
> Cc: XEmacs Design <xemacs-design@xemacs.org>
> Errors-to: xemacs-design-admin@xemacs.org
> Message-id: <200208091308.g79D8j58001879@turing-police.cc.vt.edu>
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> micalg=pgp-sha1; protocol="application/pgp-signature"
> Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
> Precedence: bulk
> X-Face-Viewer: See ftp://cs.indiana.edu/pub/faces/index.html to
> decode picture
> X-Face:
> 34C9$Ewd2zeX+\!i1BA\j{ex+$/V'JBG#;3_noWWYPa"|,I#`R"{n@w>#:{)FXyiAS
> 7(8t(
> ^*w5O*!8O9YTe[r{e%7(yVRb|qxsRYw`7J!`AM}m_SHaj}f8eb@d^L>BrX7iO[<!v4
> -0bVIpaxF#-)
> %9#a9h6JXI|T|8o6t\V?kGl]Q!1V]GtNliUtz:3},0"hkPeBuu%E,j(:\iOX-P,t7lRR#
> X-XEmacs-List: design
> X-BeenThere: xemacs-design@xemacs.org
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References: <microsoft-free.x4k7n5m0l7.fsf@eicq.dnsalias.org>
<200208052308.g75N8XPl023203@turing-police.cc.vt.edu>
<1028833151.14162.526.camel@bobcat.ods.org>
<87k7n0r9mj.fsf@tleepslib.sk.tsukuba.ac.jp>

How validated are you feeling now?  Incidentally, your validator *should*
have validated the above headers, as that's the looped-back headers from
an item I actually posted while travelling...

/Valdis

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Chris Lewis wrote:
> Who said anything about "you" (the recipient)?
> 
> Let's say that you purchase something on the web, the robot generates
> the invoice, and the robot sees a challenge (or a reject).

first off, the robot would generate a stamp when it sent the invoice.  That 
would prevent it from getting a challenge.

> What would intelligent engineering of a system that deals with money
> suggest?  What would due diligence suggest in the face of the user
> typing their email address wrong? Or the recipient mail server being
> offline for a bit too long?

good question.  I would talk to some of my financial cryptography contacts on 
this topic.  My gut senses that if you are using a stamp that is equivalent to 
cash, the money is lost.  Any future communication would require new stamps. 
This is why I like CPU cycles stamps.

As for the other items, you would not get a postage do or challenge message. 
You would get the classic "mail failed" message.  Now it would be nice if we 
could make these messages more understandable by robots so they can handle 
errors better but that is a whole different conversation.

> 
>  > it's a fundamental axiom of animal training that rewarding good behavior
>  > extremely quickly produces much more rapid change than punishing.  See:
>  > "don't shoot the dog" by Karen Pryor.  If we can give a legitimate
>  > outlet for e-mail advertising, a lot of the incentive to spam will be
>  > reduced.  Those that remain can be punished through negative
>  > reinforcement techniques like connection grabbing and postage stamps.
> 
> This only works when having the dog behave good is the desirable
> outcome. I would suggest that, with Stubberfield [*] for example, the
> only desirable outcome is an "ex-dog" in Monty Python terminology ;-).
> 
> The only way to make Ralsky "behave" is to _promise_ to deliver what he
> sends.  Do we really want that?  I don't think so.

those are wonderful examples.  However, they aren't the people we're trying to 
reach.  They are the people we're trying to stop.  I do get lots of "legitimate 
advertising" that I am interested in sometimes.  I just want to manage it 
better.  Those of the people we want to reach and I believe those of the people 
we can influence.  If we raise the various high enough, a bunch of the spammers 
will go away.  The truly hard-core ones will remain and can be targeted because 
the field will be smaller and less noisy.

It's my opinion, it's worth what you pay for it.  ;-)

---eric

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From: Wes Peters <wpeters@stbernard.com>
Organization: St. Bernard Software
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Let's try something different
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On Friday 07 March 2003 13:49, Jed Margolin wrote:
> Brad Davis wrote:

Hi Brad, glad to see you've joined us.  ;^)

> Why would someone leave their SMTP relay open?

a) they don't care
b) they don't know
c) they don't know how to fix it
d) internal mail to the uk office isn't working and open relaying seems 
to fix it (ouch!)
e) they've forgotten the machine is there (this happened to an 
ex-employer in a merger, the open relay was there for years until a 
spammer found it and began abusing it and someone complained about it)

etc...

> Traffic from ISPs who refuse to play by the rules will be refused by
> the Internet Community.
>
> In other words, they will be excommunicated.

No, they won't be.  The commercial world isn't willing to miss a single 
email to 'sales@bigcomany.com' even if they have to pay some poor slob 
to sift through all the spam, delivering the valid requests to the 
sales staff.  ISPs in the real world make their living by providing 
connectivity to these companies.

-- 
         "Where am I, and what am I doing in this handbasket?"

Wes Peters                                         Sr. Software Engineer
wpeters@stbernard.com                               St. Bernard Software

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Date: 11 Mar 2003 17:57:45 +0000

On Tue, Mar 11, 2003 at 01:17:30PM -0000, Tom Thomson allegedly wrote:
> Henrik Levkowetz <henrik@levkowetz.com> wrote:
> On 9 Mar 2003 02:41:20 "Mark Delany" <tcrcn-6ugsc@qmda.emu.st> wrote:
> <snip>
> > The one down side is that all mailing lists have to send individual
> > mails to each recipient and we all know what sort of red flag that is
> > to some bulls.
> 
> That sounds as if you think the confirmation token needs to be handled at
> RFC2822 level rather than at RFC2821 level.

Someone else said much the same thing. I agree with you both that
having it as a "rcpt-parameter" is more optimal than embedding it in a
header. I have no particular attachment to either method as the
purpose here is to demonstrate our incredible inertia even in the face
of obvious and simple ideas.

This particular idea requires no more than a private token database
along with a bit of protocol support and we instantly eliminate the
need for all bulk whitelist management systems and henceforth have
unequivocal proof of opt-in by the subscriber. Yet we've let the
absence of such a mechanism plague us for over a decade! Depressing.


Btw, the idea trivially extends to person-to-person email too.  With
the same sort of "relationship proving token exchange" you instantly
and reliably corner spammers into what I call the "introduction
problem".

The beauty of the "introduction problem" is that, in the absence of
getting a token from their victims - something most victims won't do,
spammers are forced to re-introduce themselves to their millions of
victims each and every day.

The fact the spammers confront the "introduction problem" millions of
times each day is an unavoidable, many-orders-of-magnitude
differentiator that we can take advantage of, if we can overcome our
inertia.


Regards.
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To: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses
 them all
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 13:04:13 -0500

At 12:08 PM -0500 3/11/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
>Dispatch is the heart of it all. It will pass on the request to sub mail
>servers if it cannot be determined on this one. It also makes sure that the
>connection comes from a recenelty sent-to domain to keep spammers from
>asking for validations of email addrs out of the blue.

What you said was that it was "trivial".

What you have described requires that the primary and secondary MXs 
for a domain all run custom software which connects to the 
centralized server that sends all email for a domain, and that that 
server keep track of all outbound mail, who it came from and where it 
went.  And it assumes by convention that nobody from that domain is 
allowed to send email via any other server.

There's also another little problem.

MAIL FROM:<jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
RCPT TO:<nazgul@somewhere.com>

Now I go back to your server and say, "is jhihn@paytimepayroll.com a 
valid address" and your server says, "what the hell are you talking 
about, I've gotten hundreds of queries about this person, but they 
did not send mail to nazgul@somewhere.com, they only sent email to 
asrg@ietf.org.  Must be a spammer.  Not valid."

So if you want this to work you need to extend the SMTP protocol. 
There isn't enough information in the transport to uniquely identify 
a message.

But in any case, it's clear that the operative word is *not* "trivial".
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses
 them all
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 12:50:31 -0500

At 9:58 AM -0500 3/11/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
>There is one goal: to eliminate spam. If you want social implications at 10,
>50 and 90 percent then you are missing the point. Social implications are
>irrelevant. Economic ones are the only ones that drive anything. I don't
>care if Joe Blow wants a new spam proof email system - he doesn't control
>his mail servers. His ISP does. And his ISP doesn't want to pay for spam.
>Even if it costs him 15% more than non-spam email (assuming 80% of email is
>spam) that's still significant cost reduction.

Call it social or economic, it's the same thing.  So, let's look at 
the incentives to the ISP.

The ISP installs a system that keeps track of all outbound messages 
and who they went to (is that legal in the EU?) and sets up code to 
respond to verifications.  It then also sets up code to verify all 
incoming mail against the sender's database.

When this is the only ISP to have implemented this service, how many 
spam messages do they block?  Zero.

When 10% of the ISPs have implemented this system, how many spam 
messages do they block?  Far less than 10%.  Because of course, most 
spammers aren't sending from these ISPs in the first place--and they 
certainly aren't sending from these ISPs once they've implemented the 
system.

So. You are asking the ISP to gamble that this technology is the one 
that will be deployed world-wide.  And you are further asking them to 
make this outlay with the full knowledge that the system will not be 
useful until the majority of the world is using it.  Because until 
that time, it is not practical to block messages that don't verify.

It's not going to happen.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Email Certification Path Proposal
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 11:08:28 -0700 (MST)

> From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>

> ...
> > If there is a PKI, you've still got nothing.  Spammers can and must
> > be allowed to buy certs too.  Authentication is not authorization.
>
> With authentication you've got something though - a much stronger 
> ability to blacklist.

That's wrong, even if you tie email addresses to official government
identities such as U.S. social security numbers.  As I said, Ralsky
and other spammers would never run out of social security numbers with
which to authenticate his spam.  He could pay a "homeless person" to
use certificates based on the person's social security numbers for 2
or 3 weeks of spam.  At the end of 2 or 3 weeks when that certificate
is widely blacklisted, he could hire another "homeless person."  

The only thing that authentication can do is prevent genuine "forgery."
Only if those who claim that the the vast amount of spam that carries
Hotmail, Yahoo, and other free provider sender addresses in
http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/freemail.html is really forged would
authentication by itself have any effect on spam.

Not even if you replace the Internet with a bunch of BBSs by forcing
everyone to send mail from the same domain where they read it would
authentication affect spam.  Have you not noticed that many of the
big spammers have no shortage of officially registers DNS domains with
which they in effect sign all of their spam?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar 11 13:11:06 2003
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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
In-reply-to: <p06000b0aba93cff124d1@[192.168.1.104]>
To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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I don't share in your pessimism. If we can make reasonable assurances that
in 5 years spam is a thing of the past, then I think we'll hop on board.

According to your logic, we should never buy houses because it will never
pay off. We should just stick to renting, because it's cheap and it works
well enough.

Yeah, right.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Kee Hinckley [mailto:nazgul@somewhere.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 12:51 PM
> To: Jason Hihn
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses
> them all
>
>
> At 9:58 AM -0500 3/11/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
> >There is one goal: to eliminate spam. If you want social
> implications at 10,
> >50 and 90 percent then you are missing the point. Social implications are
> >irrelevant. Economic ones are the only ones that drive anything. I don't
> >care if Joe Blow wants a new spam proof email system - he doesn't control
> >his mail servers. His ISP does. And his ISP doesn't want to pay for spam.
> >Even if it costs him 15% more than non-spam email (assuming 80%
> of email is
> >spam) that's still significant cost reduction.
>
> Call it social or economic, it's the same thing.  So, let's look at
> the incentives to the ISP.
>
> The ISP installs a system that keeps track of all outbound messages
> and who they went to (is that legal in the EU?) and sets up code to
> respond to verifications.  It then also sets up code to verify all
> incoming mail against the sender's database.
>
> When this is the only ISP to have implemented this service, how many
> spam messages do they block?  Zero.
>
> When 10% of the ISPs have implemented this system, how many spam
> messages do they block?  Far less than 10%.  Because of course, most
> spammers aren't sending from these ISPs in the first place--and they
> certainly aren't sending from these ISPs once they've implemented the
> system.
>
> So. You are asking the ISP to gamble that this technology is the one
> that will be deployed world-wide.  And you are further asking them to
> make this outlay with the full knowledge that the system will not be
> useful until the majority of the world is using it.  Because until
> that time, it is not practical to block messages that don't verify.
>
> It's not going to happen.
> --
> Kee Hinckley
> http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
> http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society
>
> I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
> responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager
> to regulate
> everyone else's.
>

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: "Eric S. Johansson" <esj@harvee.org>
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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
References: <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A30146D11D@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> <p06000952ba8c6ecd3f73@[192.168.1.104]> <3E69F90C.804@harvee.org> <p06000911ba8fb5dfe7b5@[192.168.1.104]> <3E6A1A1A.5040601@harvee.org> <p06000919ba8fed56e775@[192.168.1.104]>
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Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 11:28 AM -0500 3/8/03, Eric S. Johansson wrote:
> 
>> 1) the incentive is to make sure their messages delivered.  In the 
>> physical world, if I call them up on the telephone and order a 
>> catalog, they have an incentive to add postage to make sure I get but 
>> I asked for otherwise they risk me taking my business elsewhere. so, 
>> why should not be the same electronically.
> 
> 
> That incentive does not exist until a significant percentage of systems 
> block non-stamped email.  Until then the only person suffering is the 
> one who installed a non-stamp-blocking system, not the vendor.

agreed.  Every single solution I've seen here on this mailing list has a major 
problem getting away from T0.  Solution I'm proposing as implemented by camram 
is a filter chain that allows messages to escape the filter by either stamp or 
white list.  The last stage is a classic Bayesian filter for message sourcing 
into Spam/good mail/indeterminate.

This model of filter gives you benefits from day one even if a small number of 
users adopt the filter.  It lets senders validate themselves if their message is 
categorized wrong and most Spam is still filtered.

> 
>> 2) increasingly, antispam filters are taking out legitimate 
>> communications from businesses.  The use of a stamp would allow them 
>> to bypass the filters without requiring the recipient to do anything 
>> special (i.e. white list, filter exception).
> 
> 
> This logic works better.  But of course any standard authorization 
> mechanism can provide this benefit, not just stamps.

yes but the other authorization mechanisms are frequent more clumsy and or fail 
because of centralized infrastructure requirements.  Proof of work stamps such 
as hashcash work extremely well in this setting.


>> I accepted this is a weak spot but I believe it can be solved. Using 
>> techniques such as address probes (i.e. does this domain/user exist) 
>> and rate analysis (normal vs. abnormal levels of traffic) can help 
>> minimize the impact.
> 
> 
> Yow.  That's a pretty heavy bit of infrastructure for doing nothing but 
> set up a mailing list.

Granted, one could hammer the subscription side of the house but it's a fairly 
low risk target.  In any case, it clearly need more thinking to solve the problem.


> Something to remember when thinking about fraud, spam, and attacks on 
> the internet--especially when comparing to that in real life.  There are 
> lots of things that people would never do in real life that they will do 
> online.  Furthermore, do to the point to point nature of the internet, 
> every single lowlife in the world has a direct connection to you.  So, 
> multiple decreased inhibitions by increased access and you've got to be 
> a lot more careful.

very good point.  I've been thinking about this for quite a while and have 
closed most of the holes.

> The other thing that really concerns me about spam fighting is the cost 
> of unintended consequences.  Stamps are one type of solution that is 
> very prone to this, as are many of the legal solutions people have 
> proposed.
> 
> These solutions don't try to stop spam.  They try and set rules for 
> spamming.  "You may spam if you pay postage."  "You may spam if you 
> provide an unsubscribe address."  These solutions legitimize spam. They 
> open up the door for lawsuits against ISPs who block email that meets 
> the rules.  They send a message to every company in the world that it's 
> okay to send email to people who didn't give consent, so long as they 
> follow the rules.  A postage-paid system that doesn't put a company like 
> ZDNet out of business (what, a million messages a day or something like 
> that?) is *not* going to be a barrier to entry for most companies.  
> Instead of having a thousand or so spammers running around hitting you 
> every day, you're going to have tens of thousands of companies sending 
> you email every month saying, "If you don't want to be on this list, 
> please follow these arcane unsubscribe directions."  This will *not* be 
> an improvement.

I agree it's a concern.  And I will argue two points.  First, stamps will drive 
off most spammers.  Second, even if it does create one million legitimate e-mail 
advertisers, that is an improvement.  Like it or not e-mail advertising is not 
going to go away.  The best we can hope for is raising the costs so it's 
minimized and use this opportunity to create the right cultural rules which are 
often stronger than legal rules.

At the end of the day, the unintended side effects will be something that 
neither of us considered.  And we will go around and try and solve that problem 
as well.

---eric

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Vernon Schryver wrote:
>>From: "Eric S. Johansson" <esj@harvee.org>
>>A stamp model simplifies the entire process because it is done
>>without requiring any human interaction.
> 
> The first part of that is right, but the second part is wrong.  You
> require her to sign up for stamps, to agree to require them on her
> incoming bulk-looking mail.  That won't happen.  She can see the
> benefit of using email and google, but the benefit of receiving somewhat
> less spam is too theoretical.  When you tell her that signing up will
> block a lot of spam, but not all, she unconsciously think you're
> exaggerating and never get around to it.

sorry.  Stamps are generated automatically through the outbound e-mail filter. 
see: http://www.camram.org/camram_engine.html  section "Outbound messages"

No purchases necessary, no human interaction provides better user experience.

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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
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> From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>

> I don't share in your pessimism. If we can make reasonable assurances that
> in 5 years spam is a thing of the past, then I think we'll hop on board.

If that were true, we would all be using IPv6.  More than 5 years ago
we all agreed that IPv6 was a good thing and that we all may as well
get on with the transition.  The optimists said that the transition
would happen by either 2005 or 2013, I don't remember now which.  If
it was 2005, they were clearly wrong.


> According to your logic, we should never buy houses because it will never
> pay off. We should just stick to renting, because it's cheap and it works
> well enough.

That is nonsense, because the benefits of buying a house are almost
but not entirely independent of how many other people also buy houses.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Vernon Schryver wrote:
> No, that is not a solution, because it is based on the engineering of
> wishful thinking.  So is absolutely any other idea related to the
> Internet that begins with "Install X at most Internet X" when X is a
> kind of hardware or software operated by 1,000 or more people.

as I have already explained in another post, I'm building something that will 
work even if only a single person uses it.  Obviously, full effectiveness isn't 
reached into you have a significantly higher number but it will be effective. 
It's a transitional tool.

> Charging for email is an exceptionally hopeless idea, because it starts
> with "first a large minority of users install email stamp software
> and buy stamps."  Until at least 10,000,000 people regularly stamp
> their messages and require stamps on incoming mail, stamps are only
> overhead that will merely cause legitimate mail to be lost.

if you had read the document I had been pointing people to, we're not talking 
about purchasing stamps.  Stamps are generated through a proof of work puzzle 
known as hashcash.

> In the real world, if the first "early adopter" users don't find it
> useful (whatever it is), you will never have a second batch of users,
> and the early adopters will soon drop it.

yup.  I agree.

---eric

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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 13:17:07 -0500

Phillip Hallam-Baker asks for impirical information on, among other things:

> 1) Spam transport mechanisms
> 	Percentage of spam sent through open relays
> 	Percentage of spam that has a bogus from address
> 	Percentage of spam that does not comply with RFC 822 

I'm quite interested in the transport side of things as part of a thought
experiment I'm running about how effective throttling could be.  I'd like
statistics generally on where spam comes from when it gets to a legitimate
SMTP server.

	Open relays
	Spammer servers
	Legitimate outbound SMTP servers through which "work at home" 
		minions are spamming
	Directly from "work at home" machines

Further, when spam arrives, is it bursty? Does it arrive in clumps from
small numbers of sources or is it buried uniformly among legitimate traffic
from all sources?

I know there are some spam archives, and it is worth looking at all the
headers there, but I think the sampling would be quite thin.

Alternatively, if a few largish ISPs would be willing to make data files
available containing <timestamp, source IP, #addresses, spam-flag> tuples
available for a week or so worth of traffic, then it would be quite 
interesting.

The spam flag could come from, say, spamassassin, and wouldn't have to be
all that accurate to get some useful data.

An analysis of such data files, augmented with guesses made from reverse
dns lookups, might classify the sources of spam and their time-domain
characteristics.

Aside from spam,  it would be mighty fun to know about the worldwide
source destination traffic matrix for email.

-Larry


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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 11:24:58 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Eric S. Johansson" <esj@harvee.org>

> ...
> as I have already explained in another post, I'm building something that will 
> work even if only a single person uses it. ...

> if you had read the document I had been pointing people to, we're not talking 
> about purchasing stamps.  ...

You need to include a URL every time, because I don't recall anything
I'd call "hashcash" that is of any use against spam for its first
50,000,000 users.

>                        Stamps are generated through a proof of work puzzle 
> known as hashcash.

The things I've seen described named as hashcash are hopeless for many
reasons but most obviously because the speeds of computers on the net span
a performance range of more than a factor of 1000.  Systems that spammers
can use are more than 1000 times faster than systems used by non-spammers
who need to send and receive bulk mail (albeit not as bulky as most spam).

It's probably far too early discuss any particular solution.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>>by using stamps, you will eliminate any need for special 
>>white listing, domain 
>>authentication, complicated dns reverse lookup rules and can 
>>be implemented 
>>quickly and easily without major changes to infrastructure.
> 
> 
> Changing from a model in which email is free to one where there 
> is a per message charge *IS* a major change to the infrastructure.

maybe it's a perspective difference.  Adding postage to e-mail is no more 
difficult than adding some headers and having filters to operate on those 
headers.  It's something that is an end client change.  It does not require any 
changes to SMTP, mail servers, dns, or the legal system.  It is well 
bounded/localized in terms of what must be changed.  It can be implemented as an 
add-on proxy or a plug-in.

> This is like saying that its a long way to go down the street
> to the convenience store so lets climb Mount Everest instead.

well that all depends on where you are, how high you climb Mount Everest, and 
where the convenience store is.

> Instead of taking infrastructure change as an impossible task
> lets look at the reasons why.

this is a really good description and I appreciate you taking the time to write 
it.  This is one of the reasons why I think changes to SMTP are doomed to failure.


> I do
> not believe that moving from a free mail system to a pay per
> message system is viable.

obviously, I differ.  Also remember that payment is not in terms of money but in 
terms of cycles which most people have an abundance of.

One question I have for you is: would you be willing to try an experiment with 
sender pays?

---eric


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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
In-reply-to: <p06000b0cba93d385fb7c@[192.168.1.104]>
To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Kee Hinckley [mailto:nazgul@somewhere.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 1:04 PM
> To: Jason Hihn
> Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu; ASRG
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses
> them all
>
>
> At 12:08 PM -0500 3/11/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
> >Dispatch is the heart of it all. It will pass on the request to sub mail
> >servers if it cannot be determined on this one. It also makes
> sure that the
> >connection comes from a recenelty sent-to domain to keep spammers from
> >asking for validations of email addrs out of the blue.
>
> What you said was that it was "trivial".

Indeed. If you don't consider that trivial... ;-)

>
> What you have described requires that the primary and secondary MXs
> for a domain all run custom software which connects to the
> centralized server that sends all email for a domain, and that that
> server keep track of all outbound mail, who it came from and where it
> went.  And it assumes by convention that nobody from that domain is
> allowed to send email via any other server.

You need not track from who to who, just from where to where. Or better yet,
make it configurable. Let the UE suffer higher spam rates because of their
privacy laws.. (Ironic don't you think?)

> There's also another little problem.
>
> MAIL FROM:<jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
> RCPT TO:<nazgul@somewhere.com>
>
> Now I go back to your server and say, "is jhihn@paytimepayroll.com a
> valid address" and your server says, "what the hell are you talking
> about, I've gotten hundreds of queries about this person, but they
> did not send mail to nazgul@somewhere.com, they only sent email to
> asrg@ietf.org.  Must be a spammer.  Not valid."

Exactly. You have no rights to my info if I did not send to you. Don't speak
until spoken to. If I sent you mail then that means I don't mind you knowing
who I am. I don't see how this is incorrect or undesired behavior.

> So if you want this to work you need to extend the SMTP protocol.

Yes.

> There isn't enough information in the transport to uniquely identify
> a message.

Nor would I want there to be. Assume that we do have spammers in the new
system. I'd still like to remain at large to them. By saying "I got this
message from you, addressed to me" allows covert software to log the unique
validation request. Assuming we only validate emails we get (as opposed to
those we don't get) we'd expose our email address. Where as if you say this
is "yahoo.com(by reverse lookup), I want to verify blackrider@yourdomain"
the spammer has to slow things down to the point that there is only one
outstanding address to his request, per domain. It gets even hairer for the
spammer if yahoo.com and another domain cooperate, and the requests can come
from earthlink.net too. Get enough cooperation and any lonk od overlap
really does a number on the spammer. Then there can ever only be one
outstanding address at once. This would require the validation server to be
able to ask yahoo.com who are you cooperating with (or present it at
validation request time)

> But in any case, it's clear that the operative word is *not* "trivial".

Lets define trival. Anything that can be solved in polynomial time is
trivial.
Our techniques are lexography and syntax and some elemenaty structure
navigation. All polynomially complete, and therefor trivial ;-)




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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 18:45:12 GMT

Hi,

I just wanted to say hello to the member of the list, and
introduce myself. 

My name is Adonis El Fakih, my background is very diverse
includes nuclear piping engineering to software development
and consulting :) I worked with Oracle at the Advanced
Technology Solutions for sometime, and been acitvely working
on alternate email solutions to combat spam.  I hope to be
able to contrinute to this forum in a positive way. 

Best regards,
Adonis

Adonis El Fakih, President
Centipaid Corporation
m: +1 508.801.0273
f: +1 603.386.6026
http://www.centipaid.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 13:35:55 -0500
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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> The same argument holds for authentication based approaches that
> do not involve a per message charge.
> 
> If C|Net has a certificate that proves that they sent an outgoing 
> message their subscribers know it came from them and is not spam.
> 
> 
> This mail has an S/MIME signature, you can tell it came from me.

big problem.  Authentication based approaches are subject to problems of 
monopolization, centralization, and fraud.

monopolization is easy to understand.  The only company really distributing 
certificates on any scale is VeriSign.  They've purchased their closest 
competitor.  Expect similar behavior if authentication based e-mail becomes 
accepted.

Centralization speaks to the infrastructure.  Imagine the number of servers and 
bandwidth you would need if every e-mail client checked the CRL every time they 
received a piece of e-mail.  Now imagine what happens when the net breaks.  If 
you don't hold e-mail until you can verify the certificate, then a spammer can 
create a DOS against the CRL servers and let their Spam go through.

Additionally, this raises the specter of control in terms of who can and cannot 
send e-mail.  No certificate, no e-mail privileges.

Fraud: What's going to stop the spammer from buying certificate after 
certificate after certificate and spamming.  Additionally, if there is no 
monopoly on CA's, how do you deal with a rogue CA?  you know, one that has a 
large number of legitimate users but refuses to revoke spammer certificates?

and last, what about anonymous e-mail?  Authentication based systems prevent 
that from happening and this is a bad thing.

properly designed stamp based systems suffer from none of these flaws.  Granted, 
they have some of their own but in the end, you have a completely decentralized 
system that can function no matter what is happening on the net or in goverment.

---eric

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 11 Mar 2003 12:08:15 EST."
             <NGBBLHANMLKMHPDGJGAPAECICEAA.jhihn@paytimepayroll.com> 
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 13:41:33 -0500

--==_Exmh_100305232P
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

On Tue, 11 Mar 2003 12:08:15 EST, Jason Hihn said:

> write(socket, "VALIDATE user\n")
> read(socket, response)
> if (find(response, "USER UNKOWN")

Spammer code:

 open(socket);
 while (accept(socket))  {
	write(socket,"USER IS A GOOD GUY NOT A SPAMMER");
 }

You were expecting anything different when you do a callback to an
address provided by the spammer?

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 11:37:35 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Eric S. Johansson" <esj@harvee.org>

> ...
> > Changing from a model in which email is free to one where there 
> > is a per message charge *IS* a major change to the infrastructure.
>
> maybe it's a perspective difference.  Adding postage to e-mail is no more 
> difficult than adding some headers and having filters to operate on those 
> headers.  It's something that is an end client change. ...

If adding some headers and having filters operate on those is so
trivial, then why is it that most legitimate bulk mail still does not
contain RFC 2919 and RFC 2369 headers?  RFC 2369 is 5 years old.

The most reliable RFC 2822 header indication of bulk mail is the
absense of a Message-ID header.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Measurements on spam
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 11:31:36 -0700 (MST)

> from: lstewart@acm.org

> ...
> Further, when spam arrives, is it bursty? Does it arrive in clumps from
> small numbers of sources or is it buried uniformly among legitimate traffic
> from all sources? ...

http://www.dcc-servers.net/dcc/graphs/ says that the flow of
spam is remarkably smooth.  It's the legitimate traffic that is not.

On the other (albeit anecdotal) hand, my traps get mostly Eastern
Hemisphere spam when the Western Hemisphere is asleep and vice versa.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Matt Sergeant wrote:
> On Wed, 5 Mar 2003, Eric S. Johansson wrote:
>>not true.  If you design the sender pays system correctly, even weak machines
>>can participate.  In the camram model, only the first couple of messages have
>>"high-cost" Stamps.  Every other message to a known recipient or from a known
>>recipient comes at a much lower cost.
> 
> 
> The latter part does not make my statement false. There are lots of
> systems where the majority of email recipients are first-timers.

I stand corrected.

Let me rephrase my comment them.  The cost of sending e-mail on a low-end 
machine will probably the only about 30 or 40 seconds per address[1].  This 
charge will occur in background and not impact the user experience.  Obviously 
if someone sends a message to a large number of people, then it will take quite 
a while before the message will be delivered.  Assuming they are willing to or 
able to (because of power issues) keep the machine running long enough to 
generate enough stamps, but it shouldn't be a problem.  Additionally, it is 
possible for folks to offer to volunteer to generate stamps for these people if 
you should so wish.

---eric


[1] the reason for a per address stamp is that it keeps spammers from recycling 
stamps on multiple clients.

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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 19:01:29 +0000
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On Tuesday, Mar 11, 2003, at 18:08 Europe/London, Vernon Schryver wrote:

>>> If there is a PKI, you've still got nothing.  Spammers can and must
>>> be allowed to buy certs too.  Authentication is not authorization.
>>
>> With authentication you've got something though - a much stronger
>> ability to blacklist.
>
> That's wrong, even if you tie email addresses to official government
> identities such as U.S. social security numbers.  As I said, Ralsky
> and other spammers would never run out of social security numbers with
> which to authenticate his spam.  He could pay a "homeless person" to
> use certificates based on the person's social security numbers for 2
> or 3 weeks of spam.  At the end of 2 or 3 weeks when that certificate
> is widely blacklisted, he could hire another "homeless person."

You're focusing far too much on the perfect here. I said "stronger 
ability to blacklist". Not perfect, but stronger.

Plus I think the above pushes Ralsky (or whoever) into a whole other 
legal bracket than spamming, and thus gives the FTC the teeth they need 
to go after him for federal crime. But IANAL so this may be false.

Matt.

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Email Certification Path Proposal
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 12:09:51 -0700 (MST)

> From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>

> > That's wrong, even if you tie email addresses to official government
> > identities such as U.S. social security numbers.  As I said, Ralsky
> > and other spammers would never run out of social security numbers with
> > which to authenticate his spam.  He could pay a "homeless person" to
> > use certificates based on the person's social security numbers for 2
> > or 3 weeks of spam.  At the end of 2 or 3 weeks when that certificate
> > is widely blacklisted, he could hire another "homeless person."
>
> You're focusing far too much on the perfect here. I said "stronger 
> ability to blacklist". Not perfect, but stronger.

How does authentication give stronger blacklisting?  Blacklisting
by domain name and IP address works pretty well today.


> Plus I think the above pushes Ralsky (or whoever) into a whole other 
> legal bracket than spamming, and thus gives the FTC the teeth they need 
> to go after him for federal crime. But IANAL so this may be false.

Where's the crime, false advertising, or other naughtiness, besides
wrecking the hopes of people who think authentication is magic pixie dust?
Ralsky would be hiring temporary employees to act as official
representatives of his organization.  I assume he would pay all
appropriate taxes, check citizenship papers, compy with the INS
shoudl during raids, keep records for the FBI and Homeland security,
tell the people he hires the gig is short term, including on his
web pages a description of his operation, and even including in
his spam words like "this message was sent by John Smythe who is
Spam-Al's temporary representative this week."


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
In-reply-to: <200303111841.h2BIfXRj005379@turing-police.cc.vt.edu>
To: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
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That is *exactly* what I expect to see happen.

This is where the nuances of the system really start to show/work.
Realize this:
1) The spammer owns a domain.

2) The spammer has provided a return address accurate up to at least the
domain (which they own, or the compromised someone else's server, but that
is highly illegal, not to mention 'hard') There is absolute certainty that
the email came from this domain. Therefore, it can easily be black-listed.
There's also no reason why you can't first check for a query for a black
listed domain and return INVALID USER for them regardless of user. If you
are using the promoted/demoted chars I speak of frequently, then you can
safely demote the email so the message will get through. Else if you're
taking a hard-line stance, you can just reject the email.

We now have a traceable route back to the spammer. At there very least, we
have their MX IP, which can be traced to their ISP and so on.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu [mailto:Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu]
> Sent: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 1:42 PM
> To: Jason Hihn
> Cc: ASRG
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses
> them all
>
>
> On Tue, 11 Mar 2003 12:08:15 EST, Jason Hihn said:
>
> > write(socket, "VALIDATE user\n")
> > read(socket, response)
> > if (find(response, "USER UNKOWN")
>
> Spammer code:
>
>  open(socket);
>  while (accept(socket))  {
> 	write(socket,"USER IS A GOOD GUY NOT A SPAMMER");
>  }
>
> You were expecting anything different when you do a callback to an
> address provided by the spammer?
>

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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses
 them all
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 14:16:57 -0500

At 1:10 PM -0500 3/11/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
>I don't share in your pessimism. If we can make reasonable assurances that
>in 5 years spam is a thing of the past, then I think we'll hop on board.
>
>According to your logic, we should never buy houses because it will never
>pay off. We should just stick to renting, because it's cheap and it works
>well enough.

I'll try one more time.

1. The benefits of buying a house are immediate.
2. The benefits of buying a house do not depend on everyone else 
buying a house.
3. The buyer of a house is not faced with a choice of multiple 
houses, only one of which will be liveable in five years.

If those were not the case--people would rent.

I think maybe you're thinking that it isn't a gamble, because all the 
ISPs will get together and agree to do something.  But that won't 
happen, because there are plenty of ISPs who aren't going to play the 
game.  If we could rely on all the ISPs to agree on something, we 
wouldn't have a problem right now, because they would have agreed not 
to allow spammers on their networks.  However there are clearly ISPs, 
and entire countries, who have decided that it is to their benefit to 
spam.  Other's are caught in unfortunately legal agreements.  Still 
others simply don't know they are being taken advantage of.  Your 
proposal is not going to change any of that, and it won't be 
effective until the number of authenticated messages so overwhelms 
the non-authenticated that we can afford to block them.  Read what 
people have said about acceptable false-positive rates.

Alternatively, you believe that if we make it a standard, they will 
come.  There are lots of standards out there.  Lots of RFCs.  Which 
one will be implemented is a completely different question.  Back in 
1989 I co-founded a company that made a multimedia email client and 
server that ran on Unix.  There was a Unix desktop standard.  RFC1154 
gave us a standard for multimedia attachments.  And for those people 
who were going to use the new international standard for email, 
X.400, we supported that as well.  Everyone agreed that Unix on the 
desktop was going to take off and the standards organizations were 
all pointing at X.400 as the future.  We made that gamble because we 
were three guys working out of our living rooms.  Established 
companies don't take that kind of risk.  The payoff is not worth it. 
And in that case they would have been right.  MIME replaced RFC1154. 
Unix *still* isn't a desktop operating system.  And X.400 died a 
well-deserved death.

I think authentication is the way to go as well.  But we have to find 
a method that has immediate benefits to the people who have to do the 
work and pay the cost.  That's why I'm focused on the idea of 
requiring authentication only for bulk mailers, and using existing 
tools to identify what messages are bulk.  I'm not convinced that it 
will work.  But I am convinced that it applies the changes in the 
places where people are incented to make them.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 19:45:36 GMT
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Hi,

In my experience, with spam arriving to a single domain. 
They do 
arrive in surges and last for few minutes/hours depending on
the spammer,
but generally they occur close to each other. It depends on
the spam list 
being used.

The domain in question ayna.com receives over 400k messages
a day, and most 
of it is spam.  And regardless of what filters are
installed, junk will go
through it.  Many times it bottles up and no mail gets
through until the
spammer attacks slow down. 

As a mail provider I am more inclined to use stamps as a way
to filter out 
spam.  If the spammer wants to get to the network and pays,
that is fine with 
me, as long as I recoup the cost of running the server.

thanks
Adonis


----- Original Message Follows -----
> Â 
> Â 
> ----- Message Forwarded on Tue, 11 Mar 2003 19:37:35 GMT
> -----
> From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Measurements on spam
> Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 11:31:36 -0700 (MST)
> > from: lstewart@acm.org
> 
> > ...
> > Further, when spam arrives, is it bursty? Does it arrive
> in clumps from > small numbers of sources or is it buried
> uniformly among legitimate traffic > from all sources? ...
> 
> http://www.dcc-servers.net/dcc/graphs/ says that the flow
> of spam is remarkably smooth.  It's the legitimate traffic
> that is not. 
> On the other (albeit anecdotal) hand, my traps get mostly
> Eastern Hemisphere spam when the Western Hemisphere is
> asleep and vice versa. 
> 
> Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> Adonis El Fakih, President
> Centipaid Corporation
> m: +1 508.801.0273
> f: +1 603.386.6026
> http://www.centipaid.com
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Kee Hinckley wrote:

> So, we know the number of messages sent to never-existent and 
> non-existent accounts is increasing.  This could of course, just be an 
> indication that the number of spammers is increasing.  (Note, that's 
> number of spammers, not amount of spam.  If you are correct, then old 
> spammers would stop targeting addresses after bounces.)

Some numbers: when we shut down some of our legacy domain names (removed 
them from DNS), they were getting 50K spams/day, peaking at 140K.

Two years later we resurrected the domains to see what was going on - 
500-800K/day continuous.

If spammers were cleaning lists, the number would have been _well_ below 
50K/day.  Instead, it was way above.

Spammers do not prune their lists. Neither do some mailing lists houses 
who should know better.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation
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Justin Mason wrote:
> On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 02:06:40PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

>>>Legislation is futile. The spammers will go off-shore if not already.
>>>The only solution is a technical one that crosses political borders.

>>Going offshore significantly increases costs and creates a major barrier
>>to entry.

> Using offshore contractors -- or USian contractors with offshore
> sending hosts -- to send your spam, however, does not.   And that's
> already the case in many of the big spamhaus cases (e.g. Alan Ralsky).

Ralsky is inside US jurisdiction, right?

It would be particularly difficult to craft legislation that _didn't_ 
cover everyone involved in a spam, whether the spammer itself, or the 
spammed-for person or...  If only by invoking "conspiracy to commit"...

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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Kee Hinckley [mailto:nazgul@somewhere.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 2:17 PM
> To: Jason Hihn
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses
> them all
I think we've killed the own/rent annalogy.. moving on...
>
> I think maybe you're thinking that it isn't a gamble, because all the
> ISPs will get together and agree to do something.  But that won't
> happen, because there are plenty of ISPs who aren't going to play the
> game.  If we could rely on all the ISPs to agree on something, we
> wouldn't have a problem right now, because they would have agreed not
> to allow spammers on their networks.  However there are clearly ISPs,
> and entire countries, who have decided that it is to their benefit to
> spam.  Other's are caught in unfortunately legal agreements.  Still
> others simply don't know they are being taken advantage of.  Your
> proposal is not going to change any of that, and it won't be
> effective until the number of authenticated messages so overwhelms
> the non-authenticated that we can afford to block them.  Read what
> people have said about acceptable false-positive rates.

I don't need or care that 90% (by domain? by email addr?) haven't deployed
it.
If Yahoo!, aol, MSN, hotmail, and comcast were to implement it, 90% of whom
I correspond with would be covered, excluding my mailing list buddies of
course! Also, there would be no messages from fake yahoo.com addresses
littering my mail box.

...

> I think authentication is the way to go as well.  But we have to find
> a method that has immediate benefits to the people who have to do the
> work and pay the cost.  That's why I'm focused on the idea of
> requiring authentication only for bulk mailers, and using existing
> tools to identify what messages are bulk.  I'm not convinced that it
> will work.  But I am convinced that it applies the changes in the
> places where people are incented to make them.

The problem is, who is a bulk mailer? I can change my identity. What
messages are bulk? There are a lot more holes in that tin can than my idea.
I can vary the message a little for each destination. I can inter-twine
several different messages (porn, penis enlargement, fat reduction, repeat)
to throw off your detection. How are you going to force me to play by your
rules? Why should I care to play by them in the first place if my messages
end up in the trash can?

My method answers that last one nicely. If you don't play by my rules, I
WON'T ever see it. If you do play, you at least have some chance that I
might see it, but it's still not likely.



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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 20:09:54 GMT

Hi

I have read the comments made to the camram engine, and I
favor an approach that relies on stamps.  

I like the idea of peer-to-peer CPU cycle based stamps, and
have the same concerns expressed in the list in regards to
the implementation. For example what happens when you
initiate a first contact? or emailing someone new.  I think
using camram in conjunction with a paid stamp system will
make it a much more stronger solution.  Once a relationship
is created between two email using a paid stamp, the system
can use the camram system to sync stamps on both ends, and
no further use of paid stamps is necessary.  However when in
doubt refer the sender to pay for the stamp, to initiate or
resync the relationship.  

We just finished releasing a perl module for an email
postage system using real money Mail::Audit::Centipaid, and
we chose one of our worst email account (created in '97) it
gets over 200 spam messages a day :( since we installed the
paid stamp filter, we do not receive any messages except
from people interested in doing business with us, who pay
for the stamp cost of $0.001.  

From a user point of view a solution that provides the
lowest cost is what I shoot for, while maintaining a zero
spam tolerance for certain email addresses.  That is why I
like the idea of using a combined solution as long as the
technical requierments are easy to the sender and receiver.

I am also very interested in exploring how camram fits in
the AMDP model
http://www.amdpmail.com/mod/fileman/files/draft-amdp-00.txt,
where the sender and receiver orders are reversed.

Thanks
Adonis
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them
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Jason Hihn wrote:
>>Now I go back to your server and say, "is jhihn@paytimepayroll.com a
>>valid address" and your server says, "what the hell are you talking
>>about, I've gotten hundreds of queries about this person, but they
>>did not send mail to nazgul@somewhere.com, they only sent email to
>>asrg@ietf.org.  Must be a spammer.  Not valid."

> Exactly. You have no rights to my info if I did not send to you. Don't speak
> until spoken to.

But you _did_ send email to him.  Via _this_ mailing list.  How was your 
mail server supposed to know that the IETF mailing server forwarded it 
to him?

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
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From: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>
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On Tuesday, March 11, 2003, at 12:40  PM, Chris Lewis wrote:
>> Exactly. You have no rights to my info if I did not send to you. 
>> Don't speak
>> until spoken to.
>
> But you _did_ send email to him.  Via _this_ mailing list.  How was 
> your mail server supposed to know that the IETF mailing server 
> forwarded it to him?
>

I'd argue that the relationship is between the subscriber and the 
mailing list, and that's what ought to be validated. It's up to the 
mailing list to validate what can be sent by it, but the user's 
relationship is with the list, not with all of the users on the list.


-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/

No! No! Dead girl, OFF the table! -- Shrek

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation
References: <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A310FFF3@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> <20030310223236.A6105@dogma> <3E6E3E34.7030002@americasm01.nt.com>
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>
> > Using offshore contractors -- or USian contractors with offshore
> > sending hosts -- to send your spam, however, does not.   And that's
> > already the case in many of the big spamhaus cases (e.g. Alan Ralsky).
>
> Ralsky is inside US jurisdiction, right?
>
> It would be particularly difficult to craft legislation that _didn't_
> cover everyone involved in a spam, whether the spammer itself, or the
> spammed-for person or...  If only by invoking "conspiracy to commit"...

It would be my opinion that any legislation broad enough to cover everyone
even with 'conspiracy to commit' would then be struck down as unconstitutional

by the U.S. supreme Court just like COPA just died

--
Michael Ellis
Privacy Manager
Date.com
  Phone   (416) 306-0022 ext 620
  Fax     (416) 306-0023

Date.com - "The New Way To Date"



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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Chris
> Lewis
> Sent: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 2:51 PM
> To: Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation
>
>
> Justin Mason wrote:
> > On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 02:06:40PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>
> >>>Legislation is futile. The spammers will go off-shore if not already.
> >>>The only solution is a technical one that crosses political borders.
>
> >>Going offshore significantly increases costs and creates a major barrier
> >>to entry.
>
> > Using offshore contractors -- or USian contractors with offshore
> > sending hosts -- to send your spam, however, does not.   And that's
> > already the case in many of the big spamhaus cases (e.g. Alan Ralsky).
>
> Ralsky is inside US jurisdiction, right?
>
> It would be particularly difficult to craft legislation that _didn't_
> cover everyone involved in a spam, whether the spammer itself, or the
> spammed-for person or...  If only by invoking "conspiracy to commit"...

He is, but his operations need not be. I can pay a New Guinea man to do my
spam for me. Or I can buy a whole internet site outside the U.S. and run my
operations from there and get disbursements.

Still, he is but one man. If he can no longer do it, someone who can will
step up to the plate.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them
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Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
> 
> On Tuesday, March 11, 2003, at 12:40  PM, Chris Lewis wrote:
> 
>>> Exactly. You have no rights to my info if I did not send to you. 
>>> Don't speak
>>> until spoken to.

>> But you _did_ send email to him.  Via _this_ mailing list.  How was 
>> your mail server supposed to know that the IETF mailing server 
>> forwarded it to him?

> I'd argue that the relationship is between the subscriber and the 
> mailing list, and that's what ought to be validated. It's up to the 
> mailing list to validate what can be sent by it, but the user's 
> relationship is with the list, not with all of the users on the list.

True, but you'd not only have to get mailing lists "fixed" first, you'd 
have to change the mailing list standards and the MTAs so that the 
receiving MTA could figure that out...

Given how easy this is to circumvent (plus the difficulties of handling 
TEMPFAIL, and services that simply aren't reachable directly by TCP/IP 
at the best of times), I don't think it's worth going down this hole.

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> On Mon, 10 Mar 2003 19:06:32 -0300, "Alejandro G. Belluscio" <baldusi@uol.com.ar>  said:
> 
>> I know it's too early to send this kind of proposal, but please keep in
>> mind the idea that, if signature is required, use the existing business
>> relationships instead of making the Verisign mistake again.
> 
> And my business relationship to you is what, exactly?

Don't mix up things. The business relationships are from a RIR to a
backbone provider, from a backbone provider to an ISP. From an ISP to a
client.

The idea is to use this structure. The price of a Verisign certificate
is a pure monopoly price. Just look at Thawte (50% cheaper) before it
got bought up. Besides, the true cost of emiting a certificate is a
notary problem. So you have to check the documentation (big expense),
certifing the the guy asking you to sign the certificate is actually
entitled by the domain owner to do so (another big expense), watch the
whois database (something like 10 seconds) and pass it through your CA
software (in openssl is about another 10 seconds, with a script it can
be everything atomated). Then you have to run the server, but I think
it's actually much cheaper than what they make you believe. Just look at
the DNS, $35 for years and they have the wholeprice set at $6 by ICANN.
And yet is such a good business that they want to keep it at any cost.

So if your already checked your customer (you're investing thousands in
equipment just to give him service, so you better do it) your cost of
passing through a script his cert is practically nil. Please note that
the SMTP only certifies that the email came from a given account in his
system. So he can take measures against customers who spam or had their
accounts hacked.

Now let's get to the core technicalities because I think I didn't
expressed myself well enough. The RIR are the CA. Those public keys are
to be put into every MTA and MUA that supports this system. Are to be
hosted also by the backbone providers if necessary (little expense
relativelly speaking for eliminating spam). RIRs are notorious for
leving huge fees, so they should be able to host them themselves. So
they sign the backbones providers certificate (which might also put them
on the Internet for checking). Note that the one recieving side might
have to check a revocation list on the RIRs once in a while, but most
clients don't actually check revocations lists. And those backbone
providers keys could be put into the client software too. So the
backbone providers signs the ISP certificate and he uses it to sign the
SMTP certificate. Don't think PGP. Think SSL, but only that if you trust
the first CA then you trust the rest of the chain. Note that all we want
is to know from where this email came. With a certain degree of
security. We are not worried about men-in-the-middle attacks.
The idea is just to be able to know which ISP is not checking well
enough the sending side of spammers. And the backbone provider will have
the same information as the ISP, so if he's not doing his job he can
revocate the certificate. You can also make a blacklist of ISPs if
necesary.

> This isn't a rhetorical question.  There's only a few basic trust models:
> 
> 1) Our respective cert authorities negotiate a private cross-cert
> agreement.  This works well for 2 businesses that want to verify each
> other's signatures, but doesn't scale to the open internet.
> 
> 2) a Verisign/X.509 model where somebody runs a central set of servers.
> Nobody is going to do one of these that scales to Internet size for free
> either (hint - what percent of domains have their own CA that can sign
> certs for their users?)

Have you noted that the ones actually running the servers are the one
running the internet? It could be a small cost for backbone providers if
it resulted in the elimination of spam. Besides most of the certificates
would be embedded into the software (and checked once in a while).

> 3) A PGP web-of-trust model.  Works great once both correspondents are in
> the same web, but has some major bootstrapping issues...
> 
> The "Verisign mistake" happened because there aren't a lot of other things
> that *could* have happened.

Do you think so? How is that thawte got bought for ridiculous amounts of
money just to kill the possibility of a true competitor? Why wasn't this
task apointed to the backbone providers so they could charge a fee when
hosting a site? They have all the information about the domain and
company at hand for setting up the account. Besides, the security
requirements are totally different. We want to be able to know from
where the spammers are comming and see if the ISP makes something about
it. If not he'll be punished. You could also make a blacklist of
customers so if you got tagged as spammer with an ISP you won't get SMTP
access with any other ISP.

>> (lots of definitions skipped)
> 
>> Objectives
>> -To have a certified sender in the sense of a legal entity .
>> -Keep the privacy of the sender and reciever when necesary.
>> -Minimize the cost of entity certification.
> 
> Reasonable goals..
> 
>> Description
>> 
>> 1. Each SMTP has to enable SMTP-AUTH. This enables the server uniquely
>> identify the Sending Account sending such mail.
> 
> Nice hand-waving.  How do you ensure that the *REMOTE* end actually enforces
> it?  This isn't as easy as it looks - *my* mail systems may do SMTP AUTH,
> and I may even pass a cookie to you so if there's a problem with one of
> my users, you can give me the cookie and I'll hopefully know who to call
> in and beat the snot out of them (which was the *original* purpose of
> RFC1413 IDENT, incidentally).
> 
> Of course, a spamhaus already knows who's using their server, and has no
> need of running SMTP AUTH to verify that they themselves are the ones
> sending the mail....

This system is opt-in. You want your SMTP server to be in it you have to
enable SMTP-AUTH, get the certificate from your ISP or backbone provider
and make the SMTP sign the headers of outgoing mails. If you just sign
without SMTP-AUTH and you get a spammer, you're toast, your certificate
will be revocated and the emails of your other client won't go throu. So
you're either a pure spam SMTP (in which case you won't get
certificated) or have an active policy agains it.

>> 2. Using that information the header is then added a signature using a
>> certificate of the SM plus a code that let's said SM to uniquely
>> identify the Sending Account. This code should be chosen so as to be non
>> desiptive of said account for a third party, even if he recieves
>> multiple emails.
> 
> Read RFC1413, section 6 (Security Considerations)
> 
> You're trusting the remote site to give you information.

Yes. Because the the SMTP manager is the one who has to deal with the
spammer. If he doesn't he'll have his certificate revocated. A spamhause
won't get a certificate, or get revoked quite quickly. That's also in
part why we send the the Spam Claim to the signer of the certificate.

>> 4. (to discuss or optional) On a recieving SMTP if the email has a valid
>> signature path, it's signed by himself and given a code that let's the
>> SM uniquely identify the RA.
> Signed how?  and what makes this more trusted than the set of Received:
> headers?

I've refrained from making specifics about the technical details because
I'm getting input in the idea. But I guess I'll have to be more
specific. The SMTP that actually has the email account (the last SMTP)
add a field to the header with a signature of the the whole mail without
this field. Since his public key is certified by know authority (first
discussion on certificates) then we have a certain degree of confidence
that he actually recieved such email. It can easily be checked if it
originated from the said SMTP by checking his signature.

This are signatures of the whole message and by a checkeable
certification path. Besides, the only idea is to have reasonable
reasurance that siad message was sent by such SMTP and actually recieved
by such other.

> There's two cases to consider:
> 
> 1) There exists a PKI.  In this case, the sender just uses S/MIME or PGP
> or whatever, and all the intermediaries need do *NOTHING*.  This message is
> PGP signed - if you want you can validate it via the PGP web-of-trust.  And
> my mail server, your mail server, and the IETF mail server need not get
> involved at all.  If I sign it with an X.509-style cert, the mail server
> STILL doesn't have to get involved, because the cert chain on my signature
> already identifies me.
> 
> 2) There isn't a PKI.  If so, then everybody is basically just using self-signed
> certificates, which prove approximately nothing...
> 
> Note that doing crypto on a hop-by-hop basis will get *expensive* - the note
> that I'm replying to had 8 Received: headers, and 15-20 is not at all
> uncommon.  By the 10th or 12th hop, that's a *LOT* of cert chains you have
> to walk through to verify (and remember that *each* cert chain is going
> to take a chunk of resources)....
I'm not sure the proposed system was explained well enough. The *sender*
SMTP signs the message once. It's certificates is signed by a checkeable
certification path with a to well know authority (the RIRs). Then the
reciever _might_ sign it, too. So what happens in the middle is not
problem. A spammer might try to send an email from a free email
provider. But since the signature includes the To: field he couldn't
resend it from somewhere else make him look like a hop because the
signature wouldn't match the To: field.

Regards,
Alejandro Belluscio

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To: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 16:04:15 -0500

At 2:21 PM -0500 3/11/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
>We now have a traceable route back to the spammer. At there very least, we
>have their MX IP, which can be traced to their ISP and so on.

As I have said before on this list.  There are spammers out there who 
are registering new domains every week.  They don't forge their 
domains, and you can't blacklist them based on the domain because it 
keeps changing.  If we require domain authentication, then all 
spammers will move towards this model.  That is not necessarily a bad 
thing, but it argues for a level of authentication that comes with 
certificates and certificate revocation.

As for "nailing" the spammer...

He sets up an authentication server on a dialup connection.  He uses 
a free dynamic dns system to point his mx at the dialup.  And then he 
sends spam from all over the world using proxies and relays.  Anyone 
who gets email checks the mx, that sends them to his dialup machine, 
and it says the mail is valid.

What happens if you report him to his ISP?  He loses his dialup 
connection.  Just like now.

So then I suppose the ISPs block inbound connections to your 
authentication port.  And then once that happens someone starts up a 
server offshore selling authentication services for domains.  And 
they keep moving the IP address around using different relays at 
different offshore machines.

In other words--we are fighting the same battle then as now, just in 
a different space.

Just as content filtering doesn't detect spam, it detects content. 
Domain authentication doesn't identify spammers, it identifies 
domains.  Both are very useful.  I'd love a mechanism that kept 
people from forging my domain name.  But it won't stop spam.  Nor (as 
described) will it drive the spammers into a small enough box that we 
can stop them.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 16:12:26 -0500 (EST)

On Mon, 10 Mar 2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

> But consider what happens when you use mobile code to describe the
> hash function.

Oh, yes, let's consider that.

You have enormous security violations all over the Internet.

"Mobile Code" is a non-starter from a security standpoint.  I don't trust
sandboxes, and I don't think most SMTP server owners do either.

> This is how satelite TV companies keep card piracy at acceptable levels.
> PThey don't shut off a pirate card immediately, they let a number
> of customers develop then they kill it when doing so does maximum
> damage to the pirate's reputation.

They have a closed system and can trust their own mobile code.

> The apamware companies have a big problem that script writers do not,
> they want to make money from their code. So it takes them much longer
> to react than the opposition.

From my observations, a lot of simple anti-spam tricks that worked a
year ago (and are even widely-known, e.g., as part of SpamAssassin), still
work pretty well.  So I think you have a point about the reaction time.

--
David.
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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
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> So then I suppose the ISPs block inbound connections to your
> authentication port.  And then once that happens someone starts up a
> server offshore selling authentication services for domains.  And
> they keep moving the IP address around using different relays at
> different offshore machines.

By detecting a burst of auth requests for this user, we can make sure he
gets limited to 50 or 100 messages - far less than the 1000s he could send
before he can show up on any kind of spam list. This greatly effects his
delivery rate and makes it hard for him to make any kind of money. (Assuming
he gets paid by address, or if he buys by the address, it turns most of his
list into junk.) It also makes it a lot more hassle to spam.





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To: "Alejandro G. Belluscio" <baldusi@uol.com.ar>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Email Certification Path Proposal 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 11 Mar 2003 18:03:21 -0300."
             <3624028456.20030311180321@uol.com.ar> 
References: <3624028456.20030311180321@uol.com.ar>
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 16:26:26 -0500

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On Tue, 11 Mar 2003 18:03:21 -0300, "Alejandro G. Belluscio" <baldusi@uol.com.ar>  said:
> Yes. Because the the SMTP manager is the one who has to deal with the
> spammer. If he doesn't he'll have his certificate revocated. A spamhause
> won't get a certificate, or get revoked quite quickly. That's also in
> part why we send the the Spam Claim to the signer of the certificate.

Of course, if the SMTP manager is on the payroll of the spammer, and is
the signer of the certificate, they can just drop the Spam Claim on the
floor.

"A spamhaus won't get a certificate or get revoked quite quickly".  Why is
there a spam problem, when spamming is against the official AUP at most ISPs?
After all - nobody would sell bandwidth to a spammer, or if they did, they'd
revoke it quickly, right?

So let's see - there exist shady ISPs that will sell bandwidth to spammers,
even though other sites may blackhole their entire AS (remember - the MAPS
RBL is available as a BGP feed, and used at some sites).  But you don't expect
there to be any shady certificate issuers that will issue certs to spammers,
even though other sites may refuse to honor anything signed by them.

All you're doing is changing the problem from whack-a-mole bandwidth to
whack-a-mole certs.  And that's even worse - the telco can take weeks to
deliver a DSL or T-1 to a new base of operations, but a new cert can be
delivered in minutes.  Of course, the really serious spammers are either not
worried because they've paid off the ISP, or they've already got replacement
lines/certs/whatever already in process for the next spamming run....

--==_Exmh_-650663792P
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To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation
References: <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A310FFF3@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> <20030310223236.A6105@dogma> <3E6E3E34.7030002@americasm01.nt.com> <3E6E4A03.92D3ED3F@date.com>
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Michael Ellis wrote:

>>It would be particularly difficult to craft legislation that _didn't_
>>cover everyone involved in a spam, whether the spammer itself, or the
>>spammed-for person or...  If only by invoking "conspiracy to commit"...

> It would be my opinion that any legislation broad enough to cover everyone
> even with 'conspiracy to commit' would then be struck down as unconstitutional
> by the U.S. supreme Court just like COPA just died

You're thinking way too complicated...

If you pay someone to commit a crime, then you're guilty of that crime too.

If spamming US citizens is a crime, then the person in the US who paid 
the, say, Taiwanese bulker, to spam US citizens, is guilty of it too.

Given that something like 80% of spam is flogging US-based services in 
one way or another, that's a huge bite.

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar 11 16:35:26 2003
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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
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To: Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] RE: [Sag] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Chris
> Lewis
> Sent: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 3:41 PM
> Cc: ASRG
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses
> them all
> 
> 
> Jason Hihn wrote:
> >>Now I go back to your server and say, "is jhihn@paytimepayroll.com a
> >>valid address" and your server says, "what the hell are you talking
> >>about, I've gotten hundreds of queries about this person, but they
> >>did not send mail to nazgul@somewhere.com, they only sent email to
> >>asrg@ietf.org.  Must be a spammer.  Not valid."
> 
> > Exactly. You have no rights to my info if I did not send to 
> you. Don't speak
> > until spoken to.
> 
> But you _did_ send email to him.  Via _this_ mailing list.  How was your 
> mail server supposed to know that the IETF mailing server forwarded it 
> to him?

I did not send to him, I sent to the list. The list then sent it out. 
The list would be authenticated by his server, and pass. 
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar 11 16:40:11 2003
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs the third world
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 14:34:57 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Eric S. Johansson" <esj@harvee.org>

>                             ...   The cost of sending e-mail on a low-end 
> machine will probably the only about 30 or 40 seconds per address ...

If a 25 MHz 80486 needs 30 seconds to compute a number, then a 3 GHz
P4 should need at most 150 milliseconds to compute the same value,
and probably less than 75 milliseconds.  The ratio of clock speeds is
only 120X but has lots of other fancy stuff to make computations to
faster, particularly when all of the values can fit in the P4's (or
P-III's) vastly larger caches.  (Never mind that the 486 had only the
off-chip caches).

150 ms, not to mention 75 ms is less than a single typical round trip
through the Internet.  Getting the banner from a target SMTP server
needs 2 round trips.  However, a serious bulk mailer will surely
overlap SMTP sessions.

A computer that is limited to sending 1 message every 150 ms will send
576,000 mail messages/day.  Such computers cost less than $600 in
single quantities from retail stores, and a fraction of that if you
are willing to build your own "blade-like" servers.  (Ok, you might
have to settle for 1 or 2 GHz CPUs that are only 90 times as fast as
low-end systems.)

One 5 KByte mail message in 150 ms needs about 40 KByte/sec of bandwidth
after you add SMTP, TCP, IP, and link-layer overhead.  

Six of those $600 computers from CircuitCity will saturate a T1
and pump 3 Mmsgs/day.

So where is the major cost of schemes like hashcash to spammers?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 16:43:53 -0500
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Addendum. See below.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jason Hihn [mailto:jhihn@paytimepayroll.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 4:24 PM
> To: Kee Hinckley
> Cc: ASRG
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses
> them all
>
>
> > So then I suppose the ISPs block inbound connections to your
> > authentication port.  And then once that happens someone starts up a
> > server offshore selling authentication services for domains.  And
> > they keep moving the IP address around using different relays at
> > different offshore machines.
>
> By detecting a burst of auth requests for this user, we can make
> sure he gets limited to 50 or 100 messages - far less than the
> 1000s he could send before he can show up on any kind of spam
> list. This greatly effects his delivery rate and makes it hard
> for him to make any kind of money. (Assuming he gets paid by
> address, or if he buys by the address, it turns most of his list
> into junk.) It also makes it a lot more hassle to spam.

In the even that a spammer who does not own his domain abuses and account
(by tripping a validation/sec limit) we can pro-actively black list this
person. I don't think it will technically work due to timing, but it is
entirely possible that the server can get the user's address on the black
list and get it propagated out so that the server can save itself from the
stampede (and save users from receiving spam)


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Your message:

     RE: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation

has been identified as unsolicited bulk email (SPAM) and discarded.

Thank you, 

SPAM Counter Measures

Who's the culprit that is on this list that is generating this message?

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Need for a Glossary (Was: Taxonomy of anti-spam systems)
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 13:59:50 -0700 (MST)

> From: Anthony Howe <achowe@snert.com>

> ...
> I've not heard these terms before
>
> 	"teergrubbing"

Ignore the fact that normal SMTP servers often spend many minutes
accepting incoming mail because of DNS lookups, spam filtering, and
other slow processes, assume that spamware does not have short timeouts
to deal with slow SMTP servers, and slow down your SMTP server by a
few minutes in the foolish hope of hurting spammers.

Well, those are not exactly the words you'll find on the net
in pages like http://info.astrian.net/jargon/terms/t/teergrube.html


> 	"hackback"

As far as I can tell from poking around search engines, that means what
it sounds like, generally illegal retaliatory "hacking" or "cracking."


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 16:52:27 -0500

At 2:54 PM -0500 3/11/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
>I don't need or care that 90% (by domain? by email addr?) haven't deployed
>it.

By whichever the proposal needs to be deployed.

>If Yahoo!, aol, MSN, hotmail, and comcast were to implement it, 90% of whom
>I correspond with would be covered, excluding my mailing list buddies of
>course! Also, there would be no messages from fake yahoo.com addresses
>littering my mail box.

If you authenticate on envelope from there'd be no email messages 
with a fake yahoo.com email address in the envelope.  What goes in 
the Return-Path: and From: is an entirely different matter.  If you 
authenticate on the headers you've got a major problem with 
acceptance.  I suspect Hotmail and Yahoo would actually fight the 
system, since a large percentage of their users are probably sending 
from their ISP, but using the web mail address as the return address.

But the fact that majority of your correspondents would be covered 
does not mean that any of those sites can stop blocking email from 
anyone who doesn't respond.  So the spammers just use different 
addresses.  Furthermore, even you can't block based on 
non-authentication--because those few emails you get from outside of 
those systems are probably from ecommerce sites.  You've got to get 
them on board as well.

>
>  > work and pay the cost.  That's why I'm focused on the idea of
>>  requiring authentication only for bulk mailers, and using existing
>>  tools to identify what messages are bulk.  I'm not convinced that it
>>  will work.  But I am convinced that it applies the changes in the
>>  places where people are incented to make them.
>
>The problem is, who is a bulk mailer? I can change my identity. What
>messages are bulk? There are a lot more holes in that tin can than my idea.
>I can vary the message a little for each destination. I can inter-twine
>several different messages (porn, penis enlargement, fat reduction, repeat)
>to throw off your detection. How are you going to force me to play by your
>rules? Why should I care to play by them in the first place if my messages
>end up in the trash can?

The mechanism assumes that we can successfully defeat checksum 
breakers for long enough to bring more complete authentication on 
board.  I'm not sure if that is true or not.

>My method answers that last one nicely. If you don't play by my rules, I
>WON'T ever see it. If you do play, you at least have some chance that I
>might see it, but it's still not likely.

That's correct.  Or to put it another way.  Your system penalizes the 
early adopters, because they will miss lots of important email.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 16:54:53 -0500

At 12:46 PM -0800 3/11/03, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
>I'd argue that the relationship is between the subscriber and the 
>mailing list, and that's what ought to be validated. It's up to the 
>mailing list to validate what can be sent by it, but the user's 
>relationship is with the list, not with all of the users on the list.

And in fairness to Jason, that would work properly in his system. 
Because the mailing list changes the envelope from.  It would, 
however break with forwarders and more simplistic lists.

That assumes we are validating the return-path though.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 19:01:21 -0300
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Hello Valdis,

Tuesday, March 11, 2003, 6:26:26 PM, you wrote:

VKve> On Tue, 11 Mar 2003 18:03:21 -0300, "Alejandro G. Belluscio" <baldusi@uol.com.ar>  said:
>> Yes. Because the the SMTP manager is the one who has to deal with the
>> spammer. If he doesn't he'll have his certificate revocated. A
>> spamhause won't get a certificate, or get revoked quite quickly.
>> That's also in part why we send the the Spam Claim to the signer of
>> the certificate.

VKve> Of course, if the SMTP manager is on the payroll of the spammer,
VKve> and is the signer of the certificate, they can just drop the Spam
VKve> Claim on the floor.

The signer should be a backbone provider. If we can't count on them for
stopping spam, then we will need a huge different an quite more
complicated solution. Anyway, loosing the possibility of offering SMTP
for a backbone provider and of signing its the certs of its ISP
customers is a huge economical detterrent. Unless a backbone provider is
dedicated entirely to spam. In which case chould be easy to block :-)

VKve> "A spamhaus won't get a certificate or get revoked quite quickly".
VKve> Why is there a spam problem, when spamming is against the official
VKve> AUP at most ISPs? After all - nobody would sell bandwidth to a
VKve> spammer, or if they did, they'd revoke it quickly, right?

That's why this is a multitiered architecture. With backbone providers
having their a very strong business incentive not to let it's own
certificate get revocated. Besides, even though is against AUP most of
the administrators are too lazy or unskilled to handle the spam problem.
Just watch how man MS SQL got owned monthes after the patch was issued.
Or how many unpatched Apaches are out there.
You have to admit that you have to change the incentive of the ISP so
the actually block spam. This is a way.

VKve> So let's see - there exist shady ISPs that will sell bandwidth to
VKve> spammers, even though other sites may blackhole their entire AS
VKve> (remember - the MAPS RBL is available as a BGP feed, and used at
VKve> some sites). But you don't expect there to be any shady
VKve> certificate issuers that will issue certs to spammers, even though
VKve> other sites may refuse to honor anything signed by them.

MAPS its not a semicompulsory standard. I stated very clearly that this
system needs to be implemented "pervasivly" to be truly useful. Besides,
remember that there are at least three signers plus the SMTP user. And
it gets up to the RIRs. So if you have a shady RIR that goes along with
spammers... then you have a different set of problems since I hardly
believe there's a solution that doesn't depends on some authority doing
its job well enough.

VKve> All you're doing is changing the problem from whack-a-mole
VKve> bandwidth to whack-a-mole certs. And that's even worse - the telco
VKve> can take weeks to deliver a DSL or T-1 to a new base of
VKve> operations, but a new cert can be delivered in minutes. Of course,
VKve> the really serious spammers are either not worried because they've
VKve> paid off the ISP, or they've already got replacement
VKve> lines/certs/whatever already in process for the next spamming
VKve> run....

If this system is universal (a big if, I've admited), then paying off
it's not so easy. Specially because if some ISP gets shady they get
revoked. So the should base their whole business on spamming. If you
make some compulsory rules to backbone providers to be able to provide
ISPs service, like giving a 30 day certificate for the first six months
and watching very carfully if they accept spam, then making a new ISP
each time they get whacked is real expensive. I know, you'll say that
backbone providers will be bought off. Let the competence accuse them
and have its cert revoked. I don't think any backbone provider will want
that. And we are depending on the greed of the competition to tip them
off. So the more cutthroat competition between backbone providers, the
better.

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar 11 17:07:57 2003
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 22:14:43 +0000 (GMT)

On Tue, 11 Mar 2003, Wes Peters wrote:

> On Saturday 08 March 2003 08:18, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> >
> > I like DNS blacklists, I really do. I think they're the right thing
> > to do most of the time, when they are sane lists. My one big problem
> > with them is bounce messages - they suck. We need a friendlier bounce
> > message system than "MAILER-DAEMON" messages so my mum can understand
> > why her email didn't get through.
> 
> DNS blacklists suck because they punish relays, not spam or spammers.  
> Newbie admins are victims too.  Designing a protocol that allows the 
> net to return to open relays would be an admirable accomplishment.

There was a time when people thought that penet.fi was a great idea too. 
Thankfully that time has passed.

Matt.

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In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 11 Mar 2003 16:54:53 EST."
             <p06000b19ba940b3d478b@[192.168.1.104]> 
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On Tue, 11 Mar 2003 16:54:53 EST, Kee Hinckley said:
> That assumes we are validating the return-path though.

MAIL FROM:<>

What do you do there?  You can't even say "anything sent with this must
be a multipart/report" - I know for a fact that LSoft's Listserv package
sends out the "your subscription request must be confirmed" messages with
MAIL FROM:<> specifically so it doesn't get back bounces for non-existent
users....

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Chris
> Lewis
> Sent: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 4:00 PM
> To: ASRG
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses
> them all
>
>
> Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
> >
> > On Tuesday, March 11, 2003, at 12:40  PM, Chris Lewis wrote:
> >
> >>> Exactly. You have no rights to my info if I did not send to you.
> >>> Don't speak
> >>> until spoken to.
>
> >> But you _did_ send email to him.  Via _this_ mailing list.  How was
> >> your mail server supposed to know that the IETF mailing server
> >> forwarded it to him?
>
> > I'd argue that the relationship is between the subscriber and the
> > mailing list, and that's what ought to be validated. It's up to the
> > mailing list to validate what can be sent by it, but the user's
> > relationship is with the list, not with all of the users on the list.
>
> True, but you'd not only have to get mailing lists "fixed" first, you'd
> have to change the mailing list standards and the MTAs so that the
> receiving MTA could figure that out...

I think they are already 'fixed' unless they are already broken ;-) (="bad
implementation")

> Given how easy this is to circumvent (plus the difficulties of handling
> TEMPFAIL, and services that simply aren't reachable directly by TCP/IP
> at the best of times), I don't think it's worth going down this hole.

This may be a bit cavalier, but if you're having connection problems then I
think your spam/email would be having problems too...

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>
>
> > It would be my opinion that any legislation broad enough to cover everyone
> > even with 'conspiracy to commit' would then be struck down as unconstitutional
> > by the U.S. supreme Court just like COPA just died
>
> You're thinking way too complicated...
>
> If you pay someone to commit a crime, then you're guilty of that crime too.
>
> If spamming US citizens is a crime, then the person in the US who paid
> the, say, Taiwanese bulker, to spam US citizens, is guilty of it too.
>
> Given that something like 80% of spam is flogging US-based services in
> one way or another, that's a huge bite.

Its not that IM thinking too complicated, Im just thinking like a lawyer (IANAL but
work with one now) and if its strict enough to close the loopholes then its likely
to be unconstitutional (like COPA) and if its too broad then there are loopholes
that spammers will exploit.

Far easier to get a regulatory type of legislation.
--
Michael Ellis
Privacy Manager
Date.com
  Phone   (416) 306-0022 ext 620
  Fax     (416) 306-0023

Date.com - "The New Way To Date"



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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Kee Hinckley [mailto:nazgul@somewhere.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 4:52 PM
> To: Jason Hihn
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses
> them all
>
>
> At 2:54 PM -0500 3/11/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
> >I don't need or care that 90% (by domain? by email addr?)
> haven't deployed
> >it.
>
> By whichever the proposal needs to be deployed.
>
> >If Yahoo!, aol, MSN, hotmail, and comcast were to implement it,
> 90% of whom
> >I correspond with would be covered, excluding my mailing list buddies of
> >course! Also, there would be no messages from fake yahoo.com addresses
> >littering my mail box.
>
> If you authenticate on envelope from there'd be no email messages
> with a fake yahoo.com email address in the envelope.  What goes in
> the Return-Path: and From: is an entirely different matter.  If you
> authenticate on the headers you've got a major problem with
> acceptance.  I suspect Hotmail and Yahoo would actually fight the
> system, since a large percentage of their users are probably sending
> from their ISP, but using the web mail address as the return address.
>
> But the fact that majority of your correspondents would be covered
> does not mean that any of those sites can stop blocking email from
> anyone who doesn't respond.  So the spammers just use different
> addresses.  Furthermore, even you can't block based on
> non-authentication--because those few emails you get from outside of
> those systems are probably from ecommerce sites.  You've got to get
> them on board as well.
>
> >
> >  > work and pay the cost.  That's why I'm focused on the idea of
> >>  requiring authentication only for bulk mailers, and using existing
> >>  tools to identify what messages are bulk.  I'm not convinced that it
> >>  will work.  But I am convinced that it applies the changes in the
> >>  places where people are incented to make them.
> >
> >The problem is, who is a bulk mailer? I can change my identity. What
> >messages are bulk? There are a lot more holes in that tin can
> than my idea.
> >I can vary the message a little for each destination. I can inter-twine
> >several different messages (porn, penis enlargement, fat
> reduction, repeat)
> >to throw off your detection. How are you going to force me to
> play by your
> >rules? Why should I care to play by them in the first place if
> my messages
> >end up in the trash can?
>
> The mechanism assumes that we can successfully defeat checksum
> breakers for long enough to bring more complete authentication on
> board.  I'm not sure if that is true or not.
>
> >My method answers that last one nicely. If you don't play by my rules, I
> >WON'T ever see it. If you do play, you at least have some chance that I
> >might see it, but it's still not likely.
>
> That's correct.  Or to put it another way.  Your system penalizes the
> early adopters, because they will miss lots of important email.

No. This has already been addressed. But to refresh: Just use a
promoted/demoted character. See previous email for fanciful things you can
do to make the users like it more.

Eventually it is up to the receiver's domain to choose to drop or demote. As
someone who works with and uses automated emailers, I fully understand the
concerns here. But the interesting thing is you can expect what automailers
will be talking to you...



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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation
In-reply-to: <3E6E5533.1020601@americasm01.nt.com>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Chris
> Lewis
> Sent: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 4:29 PM
> To: Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation
>
>
> Michael Ellis wrote:
>
> >>It would be particularly difficult to craft legislation that _didn't_
> >>cover everyone involved in a spam, whether the spammer itself, or the
> >>spammed-for person or...  If only by invoking "conspiracy to commit"...
>
> > It would be my opinion that any legislation broad enough to
> cover everyone
> > even with 'conspiracy to commit' would then be struck down as
> unconstitutional
> > by the U.S. supreme Court just like COPA just died
>
> You're thinking way too complicated...
>
> If you pay someone to commit a crime, then you're guilty of that
> crime too.
>
> If spamming US citizens is a crime, then the person in the US who paid
> the, say, Taiwanese bulker, to spam US citizens, is guilty of it too.
>
> Given that something like 80% of spam is flogging US-based services in
> one way or another, that's a huge bite.

You also think that he government has the time and money (or power) to
prosecute these people? You need $5000 in damage just to get the FBI to LOOK
at a domestic cyber crime. Do you think that the FBI, CIA, or Dept. Homeland
Sec. will have the facilities to be effective? And what's in it for a
foreign gov't if you get a foreign government to go after their citizen?

N-o-p-e. Not going to happen.


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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 22:39:35 +0000 (GMT)

On Tue, 11 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> > From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
> 
> > > That's wrong, even if you tie email addresses to official government
> > > identities such as U.S. social security numbers.  As I said, Ralsky
> > > and other spammers would never run out of social security numbers with
> > > which to authenticate his spam.  He could pay a "homeless person" to
> > > use certificates based on the person's social security numbers for 2
> > > or 3 weeks of spam.  At the end of 2 or 3 weeks when that certificate
> > > is widely blacklisted, he could hire another "homeless person."
> >
> > You're focusing far too much on the perfect here. I said "stronger 
> > ability to blacklist". Not perfect, but stronger.
> 
> How does authentication give stronger blacklisting?  Blacklisting
> by domain name and IP address works pretty well today.

Mandatory auth (and assuming its trustable auth, however that is
implemented) means the spammer can no longer use open proxies (unless he
auths against his own servers via an open proxy) nor open relays. That
means he has to have fixed resources. Yes, the larger spammers can setup
fake ISPs and so on, but they are the minority (in my spam traps) because
this is difficult to do (and *still* results in fixed resources, albeit
with a greater freedom to move around within his slash-space). So at the
end of the day auth buys you a reasonable level of certainty that the user
is who they say they are, which means you can more effectively hit a wider
swathe of the spamming population with your blacklists.

That all requires a huge infrastructure change of course, and I'm not
suggesting it as a solution.

Matt.

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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 14:24:55 -0800

I would urge you to separate this list into two:

	asrg-research@ietf.org
	asrg-rant@ietf.org

I find it a heck of a lot to wade through to find the research.

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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 22:41:16 +0000 (GMT)

On Tue, 11 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> > Plus I think the above pushes Ralsky (or whoever) into a whole other 
> > legal bracket than spamming, and thus gives the FTC the teeth they need 
> > to go after him for federal crime. But IANAL so this may be false.
> 
> Where's the crime, false advertising, or other naughtiness, besides
> wrecking the hopes of people who think authentication is magic pixie dust?

I believe it would be fraud. Hiding behind hired goons is *not* a valid 
defense against fraud charges.

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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 15:51:17 -0700 (MST)

> From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>

> ...
> > How does authentication give stronger blacklisting?  Blacklisting
> > by domain name and IP address works pretty well today.
>
> Mandatory auth (and assuming its trustable auth, however that is
> implemented) means the spammer can no longer use open proxies (unless he
> auths against his own servers via an open proxy) nor open relays. 

If you can't get open relays closed, how do you get them to install
mandatory authentication?  If mandatory authentication meant anything
effective, you could use the same magic to say "mandatory no relaying
without SMTP-AUTH" and close all open relays.

Mandatory authentication does not prevent the use of proxies, because
the proxy is transparent.  Any authenticating by the SMTP server will
not be of the proxy's IP address or of one of the IP addresses of a
multi-homed legitimate SMTP client, but of the client itself beyond
any proxies or network interfaces.  If the message carries a good
certificate from the original SMTP client, then it will still carry
a good certificate when sent through a proxy.

All that authentication does is give you another thing to blacklist
in addition to domain names and IP addresses.  The fatal flaw is that
it will be quicker and easier to get new certs than to find IP addresses
of open proxies and at least as easy as getting new domain names.
Worse, you can now test an IP address to see if it is an open proxy
and blacklist it.  Given a cert that has been involved with spam, do
you blacklist it?  If so, why don't you blacklist the domain names and
IP addresses of all big outfits today, because they've all sent spam?


>                                                                   That
> means he has to have fixed resources. Yes, the larger spammers can setup
> fake ISPs and so on, but they are the minority (in my spam traps) because
> this is difficult to do (and *still* results in fixed resources, albeit
> with a greater freedom to move around within his slash-space). 

Spammers will not need to have "fake ISPs" unless you limit the use
of SMTP clients to AOL and other big outfits.  (By the way, what
MUA-MTA protocol do you use?  Are you sure it's not SMTP, making your
system a "fake ISP?")

Are you sure you are recognizing the large spammers in your traps instead
of mistaking them for small fry?

Why won't all spammers still be equally able to use open relays as 
amplifiers of their bandwidth?

>                                                                So at the
> end of the day auth buys you a reasonable level of certainty that the user
> is who they say they are, which means you can more effectively hit a wider
> swathe of the spamming population with your blacklists.
> ...

If as you say most spammers are small fry that you don't recognize,
then being able to check their authentication won't tell you anything
you don't already know.  You'll not be able to recognize the flood of
new small fry whether by their new user names, domain names, or certs.

  .....


] From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>

] > > Plus I think the above pushes Ralsky (or whoever) into a whole other 
] > > legal bracket than spamming, and thus gives the FTC the teeth they need 
] > > to go after him for federal crime. But IANAL so this may be false.
] > 
] > Where's the crime, false advertising, or other naughtiness, besides
] > wrecking the hopes of people who think authentication is magic pixie dust?
]
] I believe it would be fraud. Hiding behind hired goons is *not* a valid 
] defense against fraud charges.

Where is the fraud?  If there is no fraud, then there's no crime to
hire people to front for you.  If that were a crime, then all corporations
and all U.S. presidents for that last 50 or 100 years would be guilty
because they all have transient "goons" fronting for them.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 17:58:25 -0500 (EST)



On Tue, 11 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> 
> In the email space we have seen several types of authentication 
> discussed.  I may have the details wrong here as I haven't had time 
> to do more than skim the domain proposals.
> 
> 1. Domain
> Determines that a user is allowed to send email from a domain.  This 
> assumes that the domain itself has determined the user to be valid 
> (which may or may not be a valid assumption).  This can be done 
> non-cryptographically (comparing the sending IP to a convention for 
> DNS lookup) or cryptographically (comparing a token in the 
> message/transport to something you lookup somewhere).

Can you make this clearer? Does "from a domain" mean "from a particular
connection address?" Does it involve any of the email addresses in the
message? Mechanically, will the receiver look up the domain from one of
the email addresses and get information from the owner of that domain
about eligibility of the IP address to originate mail? Or will the
receiver look up the IP address and get information about the allowed
email addresses?

It seems like either one constrains the spammer to some minimum level of
consistency, but doesn't place a significant obstacle in his path, unless
an IP address is not authorized to originate any mail at all. In that
important case, it will be effective.  But aren't there simpler ways to
accomplish that? Why involve the email addresses at all? Couldn't the
authorization information be associated with the reverse DNS record for
the sending host?







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Vernon Schryver wrote:

>>From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
>>    
>>
>
>  
>
>>...
>>Running a CA is easy.  Certifying that the users are who they say they
>>are is *HARD*.
>>
>>Let's say the actual server, software, install, bandwidth, etc, costs $20K.
>>Let's say we've also decided to charge $5 per certificate.
>>
>>Now you need an office where 4,000 people can come in and show ID to prove
>>they are themselves so you can create a certificate for them.
>>...
>>    
>>
>
>Say you do all of that.  What keeps Ralsky from hiring people off the
>street to go into the office, get a certificate, and give it to Ralsky
>who uses it for the next 20 spews of spam?
>
>  
>
Trust.  Valdis mentioned the problems with a "web of trust" idea to be 
significant bootstrapping.  PKI alone doesn't do it, agreed.  But with a 
way to identify where the messages come from, it becomes possible to 
trust the sources.  With trust, all of a sudden you know which sources 
are reliable.  The ones you don't know are reliable can be dealt with as 
you wish.

I have no idea how a trust system would be implemented with email.  What 
other arguments are there against the web of trust?

>Authentication is not authorization.  The only thing that certs, keys,
>and so forth can do is reduce genuine forgery of sender information.
>  
>
True. certs, keys and so forth can only reduce genuine forgery, but they 
create a unique identity that can then be trusted by the community at 
large or not.  Even a spamhaus generated fifty million unique certs, 
they still would not be trusted right off the bat.  I'm not really sure 
about the mathematics of networks of trust, but it seems reasonable to 
assume that the spamhaus could create networks of trust that were 
local.  Making the trust stick to the network at large would be much 
more difficult.

>If I'm right that the reason that almost all spam with what some claim
>is "forged" sender information involves free mail provider domains
>from a few 100 domains instead the other 50,000,000 domains is that
>it is not really "forged," then all of the cert-ing in the universe
>will have no effect on spam.  When you sign up for a Yahoo mailbox,
>you'll simply get a cert in addition to a username and a password.
>
>  
>
--
Jack Nerad

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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 19:07:16 -0700 (MST)

> From: Jack Nerad <jnerad@bellsouth.net>

> ...
> True. certs, keys and so forth can only reduce genuine forgery, but they 
> create a unique identity that can then be trusted by the community at 
> large or not. 

Why can't the identities "jnerad@bellsouth.net" or "bellsouth.net" be
trusted by the community at large today?  I think the answer is that
"jnerad@bellsouth.net" can be trusted, but "bellsouth.net" has too
much of the wrong kind of history.  One might also worry that a spammer
could forge "jnerad@bellsouth.net."

>                Even a spamhaus generated fifty million unique certs, 
> they still would not be trusted right off the bat. ...

Are you thinking of a system other than simply whitelisting senders
that you have determined to be trustworthy, not by their crypto certs,
but because they have good reputions, and with cryptography only
preventing forgery?

If that's the idea, then as has been suggested, you could tell your
correspondents to use PGP or SMIME and put their public keys on their
web pages so you could copy keys to your whitelist.  No changes in
protocols, no new headers, no new or old public key infrastructure (PKI),
or much of anything else would be needed.  At most you might want a
better user interface software such as MUAs to make signing easier
and perhaps integration of signature checking in MTAs to discard or
reject unread all unsigned mail.

This doesn't help the transition problem, unless you don't need to
receive mail from strangers not on your whitelist. 

It would be good if those who think the transition problem is
insignificant for their favorite solutions should say how the transition
for their solution differs from the transition for other solutions.
Consider:
 http://habeas.com/      started about August, 2002 or 6 months ago
 http://www.camram.org/     ditto
 http://www.bondedsender.com/  ditto judging from NetworkWorldFusion article

 1. What is your estimate for the percent of Internet mail that is
  now covered by those three solutions?  My guess is that there are
  between 2,000,000,000 and 10,000,000,000 msgs/day on the net, with
  5 Bmsg/day being as nice round number.  Do you think any of those
  solutions have reached 1,000,000 msgs/day or 0.02% in the 6 months
  they've been around?  (I don't, with the possible exception of Habeas
  and Topica, but which rumors make sound like something better forgotten.)

 2. What percent of email do they need to cover before many people
  would refuse unread any mail not covered by them and so have their
  individual spam loads reduced?  What fractions of the people with
  mailboxes in the U.S., Western Hemisphere, and the world must refuse
  all mail not covered by a solution before it affects spam in the
  mailboxes of people using them?

 3. Given how much mail they're covering after 0.5 years, how long until
   they reach necessary recipient participation?

If you have a spam solution, what are the answers to those questions
for it, and why is does its answer #3 differ from the apparent answers
for those solutions of about 1000 years?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 15:22:17 +1300

IMHO, people on this list have different ideas of authentication and where
to apply it.  Therefore a lot of messages are speaking at cross purpose.

What I want from authentication, S/MIME, is to know 100% that an email
address is the real email address of the sender.  NOT the identity of the
sender.


- I can then drop any message which is not authenticated (you have the right
to message anonymously, but I should have the right to decline to listen to
you)

- I will allow any message from my friends / business partners' mail domains
straight through, and get on with my life

- I might allow messages from authenticated strangers in trusted domains, to
see what you have to say, but if you abuse it, 
then I can choose to filter them, or their entire domain.


As I said in my previous posting "[Asrg] Proven solution for authenticating
messages" - you don't need authentication software at the client end, move
it up to the ISP gateway and reduce the complexity of the problem.  (In New
Zealand, we don't have 1000's of ISPs, probably not even 100s).



Regards, Mike Pearson

Personal: The views expressed are not necessarily those of my employer.

ph  +64 (4) 495-6769   mobile +64 (21) 631-731
fax +64 (4) 495-6669 
mailto:mike.pearson@ssc.govt.nz 
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation 
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 18:34:05 -0800

> On Tue, 11 Mar 2003 04:46:22 PST, "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" said:
> 
> > What an amazingly parochial view. It is unlikely that we are going
> > to see any US led trade agreements for many years. Why do you assume
> > that your country is the only super-national actor? 
> 
> That was his point - the US, even as the most obvious super-national,
> is having a hard time convincing other countries to do what we want.

My point was that even though the approach of the current US 
administration does not lend itself to successful diplomacy or 
influence on subjects such as spam prevention, that fact does not
preclude the possibility that other countries could be successfull
in that role.

> We can't even convince the rest of the US Security Council of 
> such blazingly
> obvious "facts" as "madmen must be disarmed". ;)

Oh I think that if you took a poll of the leaders in question they
would all be very anxious to see the parties they consider madmen
to be disarmed.

> > Korea is looking to adopt anti-spam legislation unilaterally. Their
> > people have the same complaints as everyone else.
> 
> Right - the point is that they're doing it because THEIR citizens are
> asking, not because some other country is.

But they are very likely to be interested in synchronizing the approach 
they take with that of other countries in order to achieve maximum 
effectiveness.


		Phill 
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> You also think that he government has the time and money (or power) to
> prosecute these people? You need $5000 in damage just to get 
> the FBI to LOOK
> at a domestic cyber crime. Do you think that the FBI, CIA, or 
> Dept. Homeland
> Sec. will have the facilities to be effective? And what's in it for a
> foreign gov't if you get a foreign government to go after 
> their citizen?

Currently 419 fraud alone accounts for hundreds of millions a year.

Almost all the spams are scams. Pyramid schemes, to consumer 
fraud, quack medicine, Premium rate fraud, you name a spam and
its more likely than not that there is a scam.

The point I tried to make in the original post which folk ignored
was that this list will have little influence on whether there is
legislation in the US or anywhere else. However it can possibly
have an effect on whether legislation that does get proposed helps
the situation or makes it worse.


So once again, any *TECHNICAL* issues folk want to raise concerning
one way encrypted opt-out lists?


	Phill
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To: "'Jason Hihn'" <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Anyone find this funny?
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 18:50:21 -0800


I got that too, I am putting it in my book on spam.

The SpamArrest spam is going in too.

We really need some clear statement of how people can write spam fileters
and bounce mechanisms that do not cause problems with mailing lists etc. I
know that there are claims that this is all in the RFCs, however it does not
appear that the mode of communication the IETF favors is having the desired
effect.

		Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jason Hihn [mailto:jhihn@paytimepayroll.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 4:46 PM
> To: Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Anyone find this funny?
> 
> 
> Your message:
> 
>      RE: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation
> 
> has been identified as unsolicited bulk email (SPAM) and discarded.
> 
> Thank you, 
> 
> SPAM Counter Measures
> 
> Who's the culprit that is on this list that is generating 
> this message?
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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> Alternatively, if a few largish ISPs would be willing to make 
> data files
> available containing <timestamp, source IP, #addresses, 
> spam-flag> tuples
> available for a week or so worth of traffic, then it would be quite 
> interesting.

I suspect that that would be hard. However it is possible that if we come up
with a list we could persuade a group of ISPs to go off and measure their
data and return the results.

Getting clearance to release log files is very hard, abstract research
measurements is much easier.

	Phill 
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Eric S. Johansson'" <esj@harvee.org>,
        "Hallam-Baker, Phillip"
	 <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 18:58:09 -0800

> One question I have for you is: would you be willing to try 
> an experiment with sender pays?

No. I beleive that any move to a per message charge is a regressive and
unnecessary change in the Internet infrastructure.

If you want to propose such a scheme I will be happy to tell you which
patents I believe that it infringes.


	Phill

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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 20:23:01 -0500

At 4:46 PM -0500 3/11/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
>Who's the culprit that is on this list that is generating this message?

It appears to be Anthony Howe <achowe@snert.com>.  I've sent several 
complaints but heard nothing.

It reminds me of the SecurityFocus virus info list, where someone 
signed up with  a filter that bounced any message that had the word 
"virus" in it.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: "Eric S. Johansson" <esj@harvee.org>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 20:20:47 -0500

At 1:06 PM -0500 3/11/03, Eric S. Johansson wrote:
>drive off most spammers.  Second, even if it does create one million 
>legitimate e-mail advertisers, that is an improvement.  Like it or 
>not e-mail advertising is not going to go away.  The best we can 
>hope for is raising the

This is why I promised to go off and write a short summary of why 
spam is bad (not what it is--but just what is bad about it).  One 
million legitimate e-mail advertisers could inflict far more damage 
on the network and email users than spam currently does.  If stamps 
are set so low that existing bulk mailers can afford it, then they 
are set low enough that the tragedy of the commons still applies. 
The email in my inbox is still going to be trying to fool me into 
opening it--it's just that when I do, the contents won't be quite as 
offensive.

>costs so it's minimized and use this opportunity to create the right 
>cultural rules which are often stronger than legal rules.

To date we have not been terribly successful in creating a culture 
for cyberspace.  The barbarians overran us at the gates.  :-)

>At the end of the day, the unintended side effects will be something 
>that neither of us considered.  And we will go around and try and 
>solve that problem as well.

"Hi, we'd like you to install this complex infrastructure.  We don't 
know if it will make things better.  It might make things worse.  But 
it *will* stop spam if everyone does it."  We need to work on that 
marketing pitch :-).

At 1:15 PM -0500 3/11/03, Eric S. Johansson wrote:
>Stamps are generated automatically through the outbound e-mail 
>filter. see: http://www.camram.org/camram_engine.html  section 
>"Outbound messages"
>
>No purchases necessary, no human interaction provides better user experience.

I just read your document.  If she sends email without a stamp there 
is most certainly human interaction.  You require the sender to 
download software to generate a stamp.  Consider the fun a virus 
writer will have forging copies of that message.

An in any case, you still have to deliver the message, just in case 
it's important.  Yes, it's in jail.  So for an early adopter, all 
their received email ends up in the "bad message" folder.  And any 
commercial senders, faced with either buying hardware to generate 
stamps, or just letting a few early adopters fetch their email out of 
the junk bucket, do the cheap thing--nothing.

At 1:46 PM -0500 3/11/03, Eric S. Johansson wrote:
>Let me rephrase my comment them.  The cost of sending e-mail on a 
>low-end machine will probably the only about 30 or 40 seconds per 
>address[1].  This

I'm not clear how you say the user won't notice.  That's 40 seconds 
that the email client sits there saying "sending email" in it's 
(often modal) dialog box.  And if you background it, you need to 
figure out how to deal with dialup users, who thought they had sent 
their email and can now disconnect, but actually can't yet.  And 
that's just for one address.  Sending a joke to all the people in 
your address book could get pretty annoying pretty fast--especially 
when 90% of your friends don't need the stamp in the first place. 
Again, the problem is that it's causing pain for early adopters, but 
not providing any benefits.  (I'm starting to feel like a broken 
record*.)

On the other hand, as Vernon has pointed out, the high end machines 
don't seem to feel the pain.  So, looking at this from the standpoint 
of who values their realtime more, we're hurting the end-user more 
than the spammer.

* I just dated myself, didn't I?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 11 Mar 2003 12:46:34 PST."
             <8BBDA9DF-5402-11D7-8FBA-0003934516A8@plaidworks.com> 
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 17:16:16 -0500

Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com> wrote:
> > But you _did_ send email to him.  Via _this_ mailing list.  How was 
> > your mail server supposed to know that the IETF mailing server 
> > forwarded it to him?
> 
> I'd argue that the relationship is between the subscriber and the 
> mailing list, and that's what ought to be validated. It's up to the 
> mailing list to validate what can be sent by it, but the user's 
> relationship is with the list, not with all of the users on the list.

  I agree.  The list has the choice of forwarding a message or not.
So any messages received are sent by the list, not by the subscribers.

  The list server can do whatever work it deems necessary to verify
the originator of a message.  After that, the subscribers only verify
that the message came from the list.

  This understanding simplifies a number of verification systems, and
removes any objections of the kind "but you've got to verify every
party which handled the message."

  Alan DeKok.
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar 11 22:57:48 2003
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] You say tomato, I say authentication 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 12 Mar 2003 15:22:17 +1300."
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On Wed, 12 Mar 2003 15:22:17 +1300, mike.pearson@ssc.govt.nz  said:

> - I might allow messages from authenticated strangers in trusted domains, to
> see what you have to say, but if you abuse it, 
> then I can choose to filter them, or their entire domain.

It's called whack-a-mole spam. ;)

Remember... 50 million .coms.  "authenticated strangers in trusted domains"
is a concept with poor scaling characteristics...



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Jason Hihn wrote:
>>-----Original Message-----
>>From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Chris
>>Lewis

>>True, but you'd not only have to get mailing lists "fixed" first, you'd
>>have to change the mailing list standards and the MTAs so that the
>>receiving MTA could figure that out...

> I think they are already 'fixed' unless they are already broken ;-) (="bad
> implementation")

They're not already fixed.  A substantial number of all mailing lists 
are broken.  Ie: can't even detect mailing lists in general.

If they're not fixed now, it's going to be a very difficult problem 
fixing them all (the currently busted and the currently non-busted) to a 
_new_ standard.

>>Given how easy this is to circumvent (plus the difficulties of handling
>>TEMPFAIL, and services that simply aren't reachable directly by TCP/IP
>>at the best of times), I don't think it's worth going down this hole.

> This may be a bit cavalier, but if you're having connection problems then I
> think your spam/email would be having problems too...

Nope, works just fine thanks.  You ever heard of UUCP?  Consider all of 
the non-TCP/IP and non-direct-internet-connected-TCP/IP networks.

Authentication really needs to be inband to be practical.

I've seen a web registration tool that insists on doing a VRFY to your 
mail server to "validate" an email address.

Such things are hideously broken.

We turned off VRFY and EXPN for a reason.  We're not going to turn it 
back on again.


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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar 12 02:34:08 2003
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Subject: [Asrg] ISP charges for receiving email?
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Some people were discussing the 10%, 50% and 90% implementation stages,
and the motivation to convert over to any new system.

Id like to propose that any system that requires changes at the client
end will be much harder to push through than a system that requires
changes at the server end. Changing 100K servers is easier and cheaper
than changing 100M clients.

If ISPs charged each other for receiving email, then net producers of
email (and spammers) would end up paying where they pay nothing now. If
a user at an ISP produced a disproportionate amount of email, the ISP
would have an interest in pushing the cost onto the user, just as users
of excessive bandwidth tend to be charged for it by ISPs.

At the 10% stage, a charging system could act as a filter in which
unpaid emails would be flagged as possible spam. Alternatively, mail
from non-paying sources could be delivered at a lower priority and/or
put through rigorous spam screening with a high false-positive rate.
Paid email always get through.

As you moved towards the 90% stage, you could begin to reject unpaid
email at the server level.

At the mail server level, the only thing that is required is some
mechanism by which ISPs can decide - do I have a relationship with the
sending/relaying server such that I can charge for each email I receive.
I imagine that a number of clearinghouses could be set up to facilitate
such transactions.

Im sure this idea has been propsed before, but it seems to me to be the
only effective way to ensure that spam is not sent, as opposed to
filtered out at some point after it has been sent.

There are a number of issues with this system, such as how to handle
mailing lists. I imagine that some mechanism by which users could inform
their servers of exemptions or rebates would come into play.

I like to compare this system with the telephone system. Imagine if
telemarketing calls became so endemic that people stopped using the
phone system. One way to prevent that would be to switch over to having
personal 1-900 numbers.


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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar 12 04:46:05 2003
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 04:41:04 -0500

At 2:23 AM -0500 3/12/03, Damien Morton wrote:
>If ISPs charged each other for receiving email, then net producers of
>email (and spammers) would end up paying where they pay nothing now. If

Senders pay part of the cost now--it's hidden in their bandwidth 
costs.  Spammers in general don't pay because they are stealing 
bandwidth.

>a user at an ISP produced a disproportionate amount of email, the ISP
>would have an interest in pushing the cost onto the user, just as users
>of excessive bandwidth tend to be charged for it by ISPs.

If ISPs felt that it was profitable to charge for outgoing email 
bandwidth they could do it now.  Many already block port 25 
outbound--so they can easily track outbound email use.  They don't 
charge for this because there is a perception that users wouldn't 
stand for paying extra for it.  And also because the cost of sending 
email is very low--in the noise compared to most network use.  The 
cost is on the receiving side, where they have no control.

So I'd argue that an ISP is not going to charge users for sending 
email unless someone is charging *them* for sending email.

>At the 10% stage, a charging system could act as a filter in which
>unpaid emails would be flagged as possible spam. Alternatively, mail
>from non-paying sources could be delivered at a lower priority and/or
>put through rigorous spam screening with a high false-positive rate.
>Paid email always get through.

When important email does not make it through there are two 
pressures.  One is to on the sender, who wanted the message to get 
through.  The other is on the recipient, who wanted to receive the 
message.

I think it's fair to argue that the importance of getting a message 
through to any one person decreases with the number of people you are 
sending to.  So if I'm sending to twenty people, the fact that one 
fails is less important than if I'm sending to one.  On the other 
hand, the importance of *receiving* a message is based more on the 
content than the number of other people who received the message.

To give a concrete example.  It's very important to me to get my 
order confirmation from Amazon.  Amazon, on the other hand, is not 
going to be terribly upset if one person in a thousand doesn't get 
their order confirmation.

In talking to customers, it's clear to me that most people care *far* 
more about false positives (missed email) than false negatives 
(received spam).  There are exceptions--but that view seems to be far 
more prevalent.

Most messages are delivered to more than one person.

This should lead to a simple formulae for the which way the 
incentives go when someone adopts a new solution.  Unfortunately I've 
been up all night and formulae's, simple or otherwise, escape me. 
Anyone care to try?

But the point I'm trying to make so awkwardly is that your 10% 
solution is does not create an incentive for people to start paying 
postage.  It creates a very strong incentive for the recipient to 
stop charging.  That's because the cost of a lost message is far 
higher to the recipient than to the average sender.

We've had several people now propose that unpaid/unverified email be 
slowed down or filed elsewhere or otherwise demoted in order to 
increase the incentive on the sender to follow the rules.  I think 
those suggestions are actually counter productive.  I'd be more 
willing, as a recipient, to charge senders postage if I did *nothing* 
to the people who didn't pay.  But of course if I do that, the 
senders will be even less likely to adopt the system.

Fundamentally the tragedy of the commons is not just creating spam, 
it's also preventing a solution--because even the non-spammers are 
primarily motivated by self-interest.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Anyone find this funny?
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Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 4:46 PM -0500 3/11/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
> 
>> Who's the culprit that is on this list that is generating this message?
> 
> 
> It appears to be Anthony Howe <achowe@snert.com>.  I've sent several 
> complaints but heard nothing.

Yes its me and I'm VERY red around the ears just now.

The message was caught by filters I wrote in procmail and haven't 
updated or whitelisted the list. The past year two I got into being a 
little draconian about trying to filter Spam with sendmail and 
procmail, and hadn't yet gotten into using milters or SA on my 
personal server for filtering.

-- 
Anthony C Howe                            +33 6 11 89 73 78
http://www.snert.com/     ICQ: 7116561      AIM: Sir Wumpus
"Will the real email please stand up..."

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From: "Clayton, Nik [IT]" <nik.clayton@citigroup.com>
To: "'Wes Peters'" <wpeters@stbernard.com>, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Let's try something different
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 10:20:52 -0000

Hi Wes,

> No, they won't be.  The commercial world isn't willing to miss a single 
> email to 'sales@bigcomany.com' even if they have to pay some poor slob 
> to sift through all the spam, delivering the valid requests to the 
> sales staff.

Not necessarily true.  We tolerate false positives, because the benefits 
of aggressive anti-spam filtering outweigh the costs.

Of course, smaller organisations are likely to be less flexible in this
regard, but then again, they're probably also getting less spam.

N
-- 
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 01:59:32 -0800 (PST)


That simple code for email verification as was discussed in thread
"RE: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all" 
will not work -  it breaks mailing lists and is otherwise easily abused by 
spammers. But I'v probably spent more time looking at various verification
and callback ideas then almost anybody else on the list, so I'v put my 
notes in format that can be sent by email (see below). But beware these 
solutions are also breakable by spammers and generally require modification
to SMTP prootocol (but same applies to most other proposals, I simply 
have not seen any one idea that can actually work in the long run). 

if you do not mind in a couple days I'll publish notes on callback email 
retrieval as this has not been widely discussed yet. I have notes 
for most of ideas/proposals presented so far to ASRG, some notes are in 
good form (like below), some are not well organized (but I can try to find 
time to do organize it as below and if people are interested, post this 
to the list). I planned to post all this to website as well, never got 
around to it so far...

From what is listed below, read #3. It does same as MAIL-FROM even more, 
but does not break anything (i.e. mailing lists, forwarders). 

1. Simple callback to verify email address
 Technology/Idea:
    When email is received and MAIL FROM command has been issues, the 
    receiving email server looks up MX for the domain entered in MAIL FROM
    and then connects to that server to verify sender address exists
 Origin: Postfix mailing list
 Pros:
   a. Easy to do using existing SMTP commands (like VRFY, EXPN or using RCPT)
   b. Implementations already exist and works fairly well
   c. Does not require modifications of SMTP or breaks anything
 Cons:
   a. Nothing is stopping spammer from using valid email address in FROM 
      even if they are not authorized to do it. Futhermore they could 
      still use different "From" header which will be seen by users as 
      the actual sender email address
   b. Nothing is stopping spammer from having valid domain name and having 
      it answer yes to all verification requests (but valid domain name 
      makes it easier to track spammer if we know where his mailserver is 
      located permanently)
   c. Email server operators do not want to allow email address verification 
      because this is abused by spammer to gather list of valid email addresses
 Summary:
   Usable now with no downsides but offers little protection against spammers

2. Callback verification with messageid tracking
 Technology/Idea:
    MTAs keep track of all outgoing messages for certain period of time
    (say 5 days) and when email is received, the server looks up MX and 
    then tries to verify that email really came from that domain by check 
    with mail server through special verify command to see if messageid is
    real. Variations require either messageid to be synchronized among all 
    MX servers or that verification be done for each MX servers listed or 
   that only first (MX 0) keep messageids and all other syncronize with it.
 Origin: (not entirely certain, one of mailing lists, TBD)
 Pros:
 a. Unlike #1 it allows verification only if email was sent, so no chance 
    of email address harvesting
 Cons:
 a. Spammers can use valid email domains and verification - see 1.cons.b
 a. Requires modification to SMTP (new command of extension to VRFY)
 b. Requires mail server to keep track of messageids for all outgoing email, either
    with separate database or using log files
 c. Breaks ability to send email directly and set from address unless email is 
    relayed through proper domain's from address 
 d. Syncronization of messageids among all MXs is difficult to accomplish and 
    all MXs being checked for messageid create too much delay
 e. Message can not be rejected at mail transmission time as messageid is 
    not available then, so entire message HAS to be received and then go 
    through filter and if messageid is wrong its, then returned back. 
 f. This approach relies on that email messages are received within 
    certain period of time (no long delays during transmission), otherwise 
    the message tracking information may no longer be available. It should 
    be noted that because of this, all verification must be done by 
    receiving mail server and not by mail client, because mail clients
    may check email several weeks too late and if this filter is installed 
    on mail client it could say that message is not authorized because it 
    checked email after message tracking information has already been deleted.
 Summary:
   Because of cons c & d this is not likely to be accepted by entire community 

3. Complex callback verification requirying full message tracking server 
   functionality with dns extensions
 Technology/Idea:
   Either new protocol/system is used for tracking mail message or its 
   integrated into SMTP as new extension. Either way this is complete system
   where outside autorized agent program can add and possibly delete message 
   tracking information into special database. A new Message Tracking 
     Header is introduced that has at least the following information:
   - sender email, - unique message id, - name of message verification server
     Additional extension to DNS is also necessary to list all possible mail 
   verification servers for the domain, this maybe either new field (MC) 
   or special agreed DNS name (mail-verify with CNAME or A) or with 
   possibly in-addr representation of agreed subdomain with A 127.0.0.1
     When mail server has received an email and supports this functionality, 
   it should parse message tracking header. First it needs to verify that
   listed sender email address is either one of mail transmission FROM or 
   the one in "From" header. It should then check on verification server by 
   by finding ip for listed name and then checking in dns for sender email
   domain to see if its one of authorized verification servers. If it is, 
   then connection should be made to that server to verify that listed 
   message id and message from (and possibly date) are as then are in that 
   server, and if it is, tracking information should be deleted (special 
   command is issued from connecting party when its verified and n
   mail can then be delivered.
     When new message is being sent, it can be sent from arbitrary location
   and arbitrary email address can be intered into "From" if necessary, but
   email message must be entered into correct verification server for that
   From domain and its up to the verification server to provide functionality
   to verify that you're allowed to use that particular email account 
   - this can be based on ip (most simple way)
   - if integrated into SMTP it it can be made part of AUTH
   - Possibly certificates can be used (maybe with STARTTLS) with certificate
     being issued and verified by user's ISP (so no central authority is needed)
   Whenver possible verification server should not only check that user is allowed
   to send email with from address from that domain but that user is actually
   who he says he is (i.e. his email address).
     Possibly message tracking should include also details on how long message
   ids are kept on message tracking server (expiration time).

 Origin: Compilation of several ideas (spaml & other mailing lists) plus DNS
         part taken from Vixies mailfrom. Actual proposal this full form is mine.
 Pros:
  a. Provides functionality to verify that email was sent by particular 
     sender and he has right to use that email
  b. System is similar to MAIL-FROM proposals but does not break mailing 
     lists or forwarders and in fact can be implemented with full backward 
     compatability
 Cons:
  a. Spammers can use valid email domains and verification - see 1.cons.b
  b. Probably will require modification to SMTP protocol for verificaiton
  c. New verfication server must keep track of all messages which requires 
     serious additional resources (cpu & storage)
  d. Message can not be rejected at mail transmission time. See #2.Cons.e
  e. Messages must be transmitted quickly (within period of time, tracking 
     is done). See #2.Cons.f for details
 Summary:
   Generally pretty good at determinning if user is allowed to send email 
 from mail domain (like RMX proposals) and does not break existing system.
 It does require modification to all mail servers and to protocol to be 
 of any use. Since this does not provide global verification, spammer can 
 make new system in compliance with new protocol/extensions and self-verify
 his emails, but having ip address of verification server can allow to 
 keep track of origin of emails sent by spammers.
 Additional Notes (STSA):
   Idea should be explored futher to use this with certificates, possibly
 approach is to issue certificates to verification servers and they can 
 issue certificates to users. 
   Possible if emails are groups together on the verfication server by who 
 sent it, a special command can be established to check how many emails
 this particular user has sent to determine if emails are sent in bulk
 (but because sender is providing his own verification, he can easily lie...)
    It would usefull to be able to deleted message tracking when message
 has been received (i.e. destination mail server can delete it after 
 verifying the message), unfortunetly this does not work well with mailing
 lists where multiple receipients receive the same message and all need 
 to verify it. But possibly sender can specify if email is certainly for 
 one user or possibly after delete command is received, message would not 
 be deleted immediatly but faster then usual.

3b. Complex callback verification with dynamic dns used for verification
 Technology/Idea:
   This is not idea on its own but variation of #3, so read #3 first.
   Particular to this variation is the idea that dynamic dns can be used
 for verificaiton which would not require modification to SMTP. In particular
 the setup would be such that when some server/user sends out email, it contacts
 special one of specially listed dynamic dns servers (as listed with special
 record for a zone its using for FROM) and adds new zone to it being actual
 messageid. The zone would include, several records - EMAIL (TXT record with 
 actual email address), VRFY (either A or CNAME of verification server). 
 SOA of the zone would already include date and expiration info, which is
 usefull. DNSSec can be used for secure verification and to establish identity.
 Origin: 
    My unpublished idea to go along with complex verification.
    Late addition - around March 02, 2003 (most other notes are from Nov/Dec 2002)
 Pros:
   a. Everything listed for #3.Pros applies here
   b. Particular to this is that this would not require modification to SMTP
      protocol
   c. Since DynDNS software is already written and widely used, this can 
      be implimented fairlyquickly
 Cons:
   a. Everything listed for #3.Cons applies here
   b. This will most likely require dedicated ip address for dyndn sserver 
      as such this can be a problem for those who currently run everything
      (dns, mail, etc) from one ip address
   c. I have serious doubts that DynDNS can handle such a high frequency 
      of updates/additions that would happen (though retrievals would be 
      no problem) and that it can actually handle millions of subdomain 
      zone files. STSA and preferably ask dns experts
   d. Even without modification to SMTP its still necessary to modify transmission
      servers to enter correct info about eash message as well as modify 
      receiving servers to check for special header, etc. So in the end 
      this still requires changes to how SMTP works
  Summary:
     While pretty neet idea, it probably will not work because of con c

3b. Complex callback verification with modifications to MAIL FROM
 Technology/Idea:
   This is something to go with #3, and is not an idea on its own. Read #3 first.
  Main addition here is that MAIL FROM as used during transmission can be modified
  to indicate that message has tracking information. This can be done as extension
  (ESMTP extension to MAIL FROM). Or it can also be done by modifying actual email
  address, so instead of user@domain.com, this becomes:
    verification.server.ip.address+messageid++user@domain.com
  Hopefully everything after the + can be ignored. But because full FROM address
  is passed along all between all servers used in relaying the message, it'll end
  up going up to the very end (receiving server) even if servers in between
  do not support new extensions. The receiving server that does support the
  extensions can use this information to bounce messages during transmission
  instead after email is already received and email headers can be retrieved.
 Origin: 
   My idea to go along with complex verification, part of original notes separated
   because this particular extension can break mailing lists
 Pros:
  a. See #3.Pros
  b. Additionally bad email can be bounced during transmission in most cases
  c. This basicly automaticly cloaks sender's email address which makes it 
     more difficult for email harvesters. 
 Cons:
  a. See #3.Cons
  b. This would fail with many mailing lists and there everything would 
     still rely on special header. This can not be used as substititure 
     for this "tracking" header
  c. Very long MAIL FROM can be a problem with old email servers.
 Summary:
  Because of cons b & c, probably better to go with ESMTP extension but 
  still STSA


----
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc
william@elan.net

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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 09:13:00 -0500

At 10:50 AM +0100 3/12/03, Anthony Howe wrote:
>Yes its me and I'm VERY red around the ears just now.

If subpoenaed I promise to claim that you were doing it solely as a 
demonstration of the dangers of filtering technology.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] You say tomato, I say authentication
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 07:12:55 -0800

For the purposes of fighting spam the following configuration would be
sufficient:

1) Alice's client generates self signed cert
2) Alice's client uses DNS srv to discover XKMS service for email zone
3) Alice's client registers certificate with XKMS service

4) Alice sends email to Bob

5) Bob's client looks up policy of Alice's DNS zone, it is always
authenticate
	using S/MIME, no root key specified, XKMS service specified.
6) Bob checks that message is signed correctly
7) Bob retrieves Alice's self signed cert via XKMS locate


Obviously you get additional value from a trusted third party, particularly
if you want to use the certs for more than spam control.

However it is a heck of a lot better than what we have now security wise for
email which is in almost all cases diddly squat.

		Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: mike.pearson@ssc.govt.nz [mailto:mike.pearson@ssc.govt.nz]
> Sent: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 9:22 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] You say tomato, I say authentication
> 
> 
> IMHO, people on this list have different ideas of 
> authentication and where
> to apply it.  Therefore a lot of messages are speaking at 
> cross purpose.
> 
> What I want from authentication, S/MIME, is to know 100% that an email
> address is the real email address of the sender.  NOT the 
> identity of the
> sender.
> 
> 
> - I can then drop any message which is not authenticated (you 
> have the right
> to message anonymously, but I should have the right to 
> decline to listen to
> you)
> 
> - I will allow any message from my friends / business 
> partners' mail domains
> straight through, and get on with my life
> 
> - I might allow messages from authenticated strangers in 
> trusted domains, to
> see what you have to say, but if you abuse it, 
> then I can choose to filter them, or their entire domain.
> 
> 
> As I said in my previous posting "[Asrg] Proven solution for 
> authenticating
> messages" - you don't need authentication software at the 
> client end, move
> it up to the ISP gateway and reduce the complexity of the 
> problem.  (In New
> Zealand, we don't have 1000's of ISPs, probably not even 100s).
> 
> 
> 
> Regards, Mike Pearson
> 
> Personal: The views expressed are not necessarily those of my 
> employer.
> 
> ph  +64 (4) 495-6769   mobile +64 (21) 631-731
> fax +64 (4) 495-6669 
> mailto:mike.pearson@ssc.govt.nz 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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From: "Justin B. Newman" <justin.newman@binhost.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] Cert-based Spam Fighting (rant)
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 09:38:43 -0600

>For the purposes of fighting spam the following configuration would be
>sufficient:
>
>1) Alice's client generates self signed cert
>2) Alice's client uses DNS srv to discover XKMS service for email zone
>3) Alice's client registers certificate with XKMS service
>
>4) Alice sends email to Bob
>
>5) Bob's client looks up policy of Alice's DNS zone, it is always
>authenticate
>	using S/MIME, no root key specified, XKMS service specified.
>6) Bob checks that message is signed correctly
>7) Bob retrieves Alice's self signed cert via XKMS locate
>

Has anyone here suggesting the use of certificates in fighting spam 
done an S/MIME interoperability testing?

<rant>
I'm all for the use of PKI to solve the world's problems... but... 
the fact is that the current implementations of S/MIME in off the 
shelf email products is worse than any implementation I've ever seen.

I'd seriously recommend that folks interested in utilizing PKI first 
survey the industry's capability of providing a PKI-based solution 
that works.  How many websites do you hit with IE/Mozilla throwing up 
its hands about a bad certificate?  Is it the site's fault or the 
browser's?  Usually the site's.  That said, have you ever tested the 
cert chain following capabilities of the browsers?  Talk about a 
buggy area.

I won't even go into certificate revocation issues...

</rant>

-jbn
(Former/Recovering PKI Implementer)


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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 09:43:08 -0600

 Dear Colleagues and people smarter than me, (or is it ..smarter than I?)

 I have read several threads that eventually just get so whitewashed with so
much noise that they become useless.
There are a lot of good ideas that are eventually deemed incapable of
stopping spam and dropped or the thread becomes so homogenized and diluted
that it is useless.

I hate to keep going back to the beginning but can we decide on some rules
for posting? Can we add [RANT] to the subject line if that is all we are
going to do? (rule is not in place yet so, no, I do not have it in this
subject line)

 I offer this- There is no way to stop spam completely.
 But there are ways to make it harder to spam and maybe we can make it just
hard enough to make it ineffective as a marketing tool.

 I am still an advocate of some type of reverse authentication. I understand
that this will not stop spam, but what it will do is legitimatize the
sending mechanism, not the email coming from it. This is a godsend for the
frontline soldiers, postmasters like me! (Think tanks are for big, fat,
dumb, and happy fish) It gives me the ability to allow/reject based on
factual information about the sending host without having to spend extra
cycles researching the headers on thousands of spoofed messages. Everything
else from this point forward can be handled programmatically.

 Content filters and the such are for filtering actual spam. But they are
just that, content filters not context filters. I do not think that these
alone can be used to stop spam. 

 We keep building bigger and bigger dams to stop the flood. What we need to
do is turn the source from a raging river to a bubbling brook. This can only
be accomplished with mechanisms upstream, not at the final destination.

 I also believe that there is not one way to stop spam it will require
several levels of legitimization.

 - Legitimize the email mechanism

 Trust, reverse authentication, RDNS, RBL, etc.

 - Legitimize the sender

 Whitelists, Stamps, Tokens, Certificates, etc.

 - Legitimize the content

 Spam filters, umm.., etc.

 - Legitimize the receiver
 double-optin, address verification, etc.

 I hate to keep going all the way back to start... can we go through the
threads and pick out where they went wrong and start from there?

 I want to roll up my sleeves and get my hands dirty!

Regards,
Damon

PS> Thanks for those that are keeping their sense of humor. It really helps
get me through all these threads.




*****
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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] Random thought
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What if we assigned a bucket in the email address?

joe[spam]@paytimepayroll.com

Consent expression is then indicated by the bucket [spam]
So if I wanted to give a contest (to win a BMW) my email (because they
require it) my email, I'd on the fly assign BMW's email to their own bucket,
I can specify joe[bmw] when registering to win a BMW on a website.

Then, my mail client can give it it's own folder, or swash it into a default
inbox according to my rules. It can create folders as it sees email (or if
spammers abuse it, we can manually set up a folder, and trash anything not
going to that folder)

The big problem is that [bucket] can be stripped off. So solve this problem
joe@ is to be considered invalid. Some bucket must be specified.
joe[default] would be one such example(though poorly choosen) Or joe could
set his [BMW] bucket to be his default inbox in his mail client.

This will also allow us to track who sells our info. If I start getting mail
sent to the BMW bucket and not from the sponsors, I know they sold my info.
After the contest, I can trash anything automatically sent to that bucket.

This makes evading spam rather easily, while still retaining your email
server and provider.

Comments?






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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Getting lost in the noise
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Sauer, Damon
> Sent: Wednesday, March 12, 2003 10:43 AM
> To: ASRG
> Subject: [Asrg] Getting lost in the noise
> Importance: High
>
>
>  Dear Colleagues and people smarter than me, (or is it ..smarter than I?)
>
>  I have read several threads that eventually just get so
> whitewashed with so
> much noise that they become useless.
> There are a lot of good ideas that are eventually deemed incapable of
> stopping spam and dropped or the thread becomes so homogenized and diluted
> that it is useless.
>
> I hate to keep going back to the beginning but can we decide on some rules
> for posting? Can we add [RANT] to the subject line if that is all we are
> going to do? (rule is not in place yet so, no, I do not have it in this
> subject line)

Sure, but I'll add [brilliant] to my subject lines! ;-)

>  I offer this- There is no way to stop spam completely.
>  But there are ways to make it harder to spam and maybe we can
> make it just
> hard enough to make it ineffective as a marketing tool.

This I think everyone here agrees with.

>  I am still an advocate of some type of reverse authentication. I
> understand
> that this will not stop spam, but what it will do is legitimatize the
> sending mechanism, not the email coming from it. This is a godsend for the
> frontline soldiers, postmasters like me! (Think tanks are for big, fat,
> dumb, and happy fish) It gives me the ability to allow/reject based on
> factual information about the sending host without having to spend extra
> cycles researching the headers on thousands of spoofed messages.
> Everything
> else from this point forward can be handled programmatically.

My approach is just that. Even a rudimentary effort like I described I think
will go a long way. There are three key factors to spam: it is easy, cheap
and profitable. We only have to get things hard and costly enough that
people lose interest. Then we'll only be left with those with deep pockets,
rather than any quack that learns SMTP.

>  Content filters and the such are for filtering actual spam. But they are
> just that, content filters not context filters. I do not think that these
> alone can be used to stop spam.
>
>  We keep building bigger and bigger dams to stop the flood. What
> we need to
> do is turn the source from a raging river to a bubbling brook.
> This can only
> be accomplished with mechanisms upstream, not at the final destination.
>
>  I also believe that there is not one way to stop spam it will require
> several levels of legitimization.
>
>  - Legitimize the email mechanism
>
>  Trust, reverse authentication, RDNS, RBL, etc.
>
>  - Legitimize the sender
>
>  Whitelists, Stamps, Tokens, Certificates, etc.
>
>  - Legitimize the content
>
>  Spam filters, umm.., etc.
>
>  - Legitimize the receiver
>  double-optin, address verification, etc.
>
>  I hate to keep going all the way back to start... can we go through the
> threads and pick out where they went wrong and start from there?


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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Justin B. Newman'" <justin.newman@binhost.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Cert-based Spam Fighting (rant)
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> <rant>
> I'm all for the use of PKI to solve the world's problems... but... 
> the fact is that the current implementations of S/MIME in off the 
> shelf email products is worse than any implementation I've ever seen.

Please support that accusation with facts.

Netscape, Microsoft and Lotus have interoperated for at least five
years. If you have evidence of incompatibility then please state
the errors so they can get fixed.


There may be some problems with the products of some of the self
styled 'PKI product vendors', some of whom insisted on using obscure
features. However there has never been a problem amongst the
major application vendors that did not get addressed swiftly
once identified.

PKI works fine, just stay clear of X.500 and LDAP.


	Phill

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To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Cc: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] RE: You say tomato, I say authentication
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 09:12:43 -0800

Instead of authenticating senders, what if we authenticated
sender-domains, leaving it to domains to authenticate senders (or not)?

Further, what if we pushed the signing part of the problem onto MTAs,
"originating MTAs" to be exact.

So Phillip Hallam-Baker's the story goes more like this:

0) On an on-going basis, Alice's domain maintains a certificate(s) for
   e-mail authentication/integrity.  Self-signed or not, doesn't
   matter, registered in XKMS service for the domain.

1) To send mail, Alice uses SMTP to post the message to an
   "originating MTA" blessed by her domain.  (Of course, we'd all like
   to see that domain use an authenticated variant of SMTP to verify
   Alice's identity, but if you think about it, this is really a
   policy issue that perhaps domains would prefer we left to them.)

2) This MTA receives the message, (perhaps checks that the message
   meets certain of the domain's policies), signs it (S/MIME) using
   (one of) the above-mentioned certificate(s).

3) If Bob (or his receiving MTA) care, they can check the message on
   arrival.

Potential advantages of doing this at the domain rather sender level:

a) Many fewer certificates and thus potentially (much) more scalable.

b) No concerns about the adequacy of (sending) MUAs.

c) No concerns about (human) senders being confused, having to
   learn, making mistakes, being apathetic, etc.

d) Because it's now easier for domains to take "ownership" of their
   outgoing mail, there's a bit more fairness to white/blacklisting of
   entire domains.

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To: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
cc: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
from: lstewart@acm.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Random thought 
In-Reply-To: Message from Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com> 
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 12:25:46 -0500

Giving out personalized email addresses to all correspondents is useful
and great fun too. I do this with structured addresses @stewart.org.

The greatest entertainment happens when (a not-random example) I start
getting porn spam to "hertz.com@stewart.org".  A letter to the CEO and
chairman produces all sorts of response. Sort of like poking an anthill
with a stick.

Unfortunately a lot of addresses get given out, it is not so easy to
manage them, and it is confusing for the people you really want to
talk to.

Oddly enough, too, I get much more traffic to addresses in stewart.org which
I have NOT given out.  Most are typos from some other intended domain.

This discussion leads me, in a roundabout way, to a topic about which I
am confused.  Should mail to invalid recipients be rejected or merely
discarded?  If mail senders are legitimate, then rejecting bad mail makes
sense. It helps folks who have made typos, of which I have made my share.
However for spammers, I have not heard, or perhaps not understood, the 
argument.  My own inclination is to silently accept such things as my small
part in the task of making spamming uneconomic.

-Larry


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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'Jason Hihn'" <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Random thought
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 13:03:21 -0500

-----Original Message-----
From: Jason Hihn [mailto:jhihn@paytimepayroll.com]
Sent: Wednesday, March 12, 2003 11:42 AM
To: ASRG
Subject: [Asrg] Random thought


What if we assigned a bucket in the email address?

joe[spam]@paytimepayroll.com

Consent expression is then indicated by the bucket [spam]
So if I wanted to give a contest (to win a BMW) my email (because they
require it) my email, I'd on the fly assign BMW's email to their own bucket,
I can specify joe[bmw] when registering to win a BMW on a website.

Then, my mail client can give it it's own folder, or swash it into a default
inbox according to my rules. It can create folders as it sees email (or if
spammers abuse it, we can manually set up a folder, and trash anything not
going to that folder)

The big problem is that [bucket] can be stripped off. So solve this problem
joe@ is to be considered invalid. Some bucket must be specified.
joe[default] would be one such example(though poorly choosen) Or joe could
set his [BMW] bucket to be his default inbox in his mail client.

This will also allow us to track who sells our info. If I start getting mail
sent to the BMW bucket and not from the sponsors, I know they sold my info.
After the contest, I can trash anything automatically sent to that bucket.

This makes evading spam rather easily, while still retaining your email
server and provider.

Comments?


 I think this could also be accomplished using an X-headers if you are not
trying to authenticate the address at the gateway.
This would be an administrative nightmare for x500 and Microsoft Exchange as
this is not programmatic and each [bucket] would have to be added manually.
One the other hand, I do not see an issue with writing a script that would
allow the user to assign themselves [buckets] but their email would not work
until the buckets were defined

 I think that this is an interesting approach and could likely be
implemented right away.

 I would start by writing an instruction on how each user can add rules to
their Microsoft Outlook client that would say, if TO: is user[bucket] then
place in X folder.
I would set up an internal webpage to define the buckets and
programmatically add these as secondary addresses to the users address list
via ldap mods.
I would set aside several thousands of dollars to replace business cards and
stationary.
I would have to define rules to remove old [bucket] addresses as they are
abandoned because spammers finally figured out what the address was.

 Hey, wouldn't it just be easier to assign multiple SMTP addresses?

 You see where I am going with this?

Regards,
Damon


*****
"The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to
which it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary, and/or
privileged material. Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use
of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or
entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited. If you received
this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from all
computers."
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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Random thought
In-reply-to: <NGBBLHANMLKMHPDGJGAPAEEMCEAA.jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
To: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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Whoops. I forgot the obligatory:

Adoption:
10%: who cares? (Assuming) My server supports it (it has to for me to use
it), I can benefit right NOW using client-side filters. The sender needs to
know nothing, nor have anything special to send to me. I have immediate
benefit.
50%: ditto
90%: ditto

;-)



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Jason
> Hihn
> Sent: Wednesday, March 12, 2003 11:42 AM
> To: ASRG
> Subject: [Asrg] Random thought
>
>
> What if we assigned a bucket in the email address?
>
> joe[spam]@paytimepayroll.com
>
> Consent expression is then indicated by the bucket [spam]
> So if I wanted to give a contest (to win a BMW) my email (because they
> require it) my email, I'd on the fly assign BMW's email to their
> own bucket,
> I can specify joe[bmw] when registering to win a BMW on a website.
>
> Then, my mail client can give it it's own folder, or swash it
> into a default
> inbox according to my rules. It can create folders as it sees email (or if
> spammers abuse it, we can manually set up a folder, and trash anything not
> going to that folder)
>
> The big problem is that [bucket] can be stripped off. So solve
> this problem
> joe@ is to be considered invalid. Some bucket must be specified.
> joe[default] would be one such example(though poorly choosen) Or joe could
> set his [BMW] bucket to be his default inbox in his mail client.
>
> This will also allow us to track who sells our info. If I start
> getting mail
> sent to the BMW bucket and not from the sponsors, I know they
> sold my info.
> After the contest, I can trash anything automatically sent to that bucket.
>
> This makes evading spam rather easily, while still retaining your email
> server and provider.
>
> Comments?
>
>
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>

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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Random thought
In-reply-to: <4B91B49E5EBCBA448687A033B3C7BC5905F3D5CD@bremocag>
To: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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So close, yet so far. See interjected comments

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Sauer, Damon [mailto:Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, March 12, 2003 1:03 PM
> To: 'Jason Hihn'; ASRG
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] Random thought
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jason Hihn [mailto:jhihn@paytimepayroll.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, March 12, 2003 11:42 AM
> To: ASRG
> Subject: [Asrg] Random thought
>
>
....
> Comments?
>
>
>  I think this could also be accomplished using an X-headers if you are not
> trying to authenticate the address at the gateway.
> This would be an administrative nightmare for x500 and Microsoft
> Exchange as
> this is not programmatic and each [bucket] would have to be added
> manually.
> One the other hand, I do not see an issue with writing a script that would
> allow the user to assign themselves [buckets] but their email
> would not work
> until the buckets were defined
>  I think that this is an interesting approach and could likely be
> implemented right away.

Indeed. The change is small, particularly of you rely on client-side
filtering alone.
Server-side you need only to trim [whatever] off the email for finding out
who to deliver to. A better implementation would be to have the server place
it in a folder on the server until retrieval.

>  I would start by writing an instruction on how each user can add rules to
> their Microsoft Outlook client that would say, if TO: is user[bucket] then
> place in X folder.

Exactly! But I'd still prefer the server to do it because as I've stated
before, Joe Blow knows nothing of filters.

> I would set up an internal web page to define the buckets and
> programmatically add these as secondary addresses to the users
> address list
> via ldap mods.

Easily done, and relatively user-friendly

> I would set aside several thousands of dollars to replace
> business cards and
> stationary.
> I would have to define rules to remove old [bucket] addresses as they are
> abandoned because spammers finally figured out what the address was.

Now you're just getting crazy.

>  Hey, wouldn't it just be easier to assign multiple SMTP addresses?

We do, but the ad-hoc nature is key. "Assigning multiple SMPT addresses"
pins you down to a rather fixed list, and that's easy for a spammer to lock
on to, and that's not what I want. I go to great lengths to protect my email
addresses, but I always wind up getting on lists, then getting off is
impossible.

>  You see where I am going with this?

No.


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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Random thought
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> From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>

> What if we assigned a bucket in the email address?
>
> joe[spam]@paytimepayroll.com
> ...

How does that differ from what many people have been doing that for
many years using the sendmail '+' mechanism?  The sendmail mechanism
is not a silver bullet.  I prefer to invent a new alias every time I
need to give an address to a vendor or other untrusted party.  It is
more work than the sendmail '+' mechanism, but is less easily "stripped."


Two more random throughts or rants:

Consider the RBL+, SPEWS, and SBL as models for how popular a favorite
spam defense might be after several years.  All of those are said to
have significant good effects immediately and if everyoone used any
one of them, the spam problem would be solved overnight.  They don't
require mail senders or other mail recipients to do anything.  All of
them are trivial to install.  SPEWS and the SBL are entirely free
other than quite modest per mail message bandwidth and other costs.
The monetary costs of the RBL+ are less than many proposed alternatives.
The RBL and SBL are said to have very low false positive rates.  They
are all reported to be at least 20% and according to some more than
70% effective (spam rejected divided by total spam).  In summary,
all three are exemplars of what many spam defenses would like to be.

The rub is that they've been around for years and have not been adopted
by even 50% of the Internet.  Depending on whose estimates you believe,
they're in use for between 10% and 45% of all mailboxes.

If your favorite spam solution depends on 70% of the net using it before
it is as effective as those systems, why will it do better than the
RBL+, SPEWS, or the SBL and how will it ever reach that critical mass?

I think such potential barriers are simply too high.  If a defense
depends on at least X% of the net using it to reduce your spam load
by X% for any X greater than 0.01%, then it is hopeless.  You will
not use it unless you invented it or are selling it and it will never
be adopted by X% of the net.

  ....

If you accept that potential barrier argument, is there any hope in
any mechanism that involves communicating consent?

  ....

Which is the rant, the statement that "If we switch to using my special
variety of unicorns for mail transport, the spam problem will be ended
because the unicorns will use their horns against spammers" or the
question "How will we breed enough enough unicorns?"


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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On Wednesday, Mar 12, 2003, at 17:25 Europe/London, lstewart@acm.org 
wrote:

> This discussion leads me, in a roundabout way, to a topic about which I
> am confused.  Should mail to invalid recipients be rejected or merely
> discarded?  If mail senders are legitimate, then rejecting bad mail 
> makes
> sense. It helps folks who have made typos, of which I have made my 
> share.
> However for spammers, I have not heard, or perhaps not understood, the
> argument.  My own inclination is to silently accept such things as my 
> small
> part in the task of making spamming uneconomic.

There's lots of arguments on both sides of the fence for 5xx'ing 
invalid addresses or spam. I'm beginning to think that 5xx'ing spam 
makes the spammers evolve faster (they know their open relay spam is 
being blocked so they move on to open proxies), and so I think you 
should only 5xx unknown users, and accept caught spam. But I don't 
believe you can silently junk spam either - you have to either 
quarantine it or filter it to a folder. That way if there's a false 
positive it can be retrieved, and even the sender can be notified that 
there was a temporary problem that they may need to fix (especially if 
its a blacklisting).

But I'm still not entirely 100% on the above, especially in the face of 
Striker or AOL - that's just too much spam to quarantine.

Matt.

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Random thought
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> lstewart@acm.org
> Sent: Wednesday, March 12, 2003 12:26 PM
> To: Jason Hihn
> Cc: ASRG
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Random thought
...
> This discussion leads me, in a roundabout way, to a topic about which I
> am confused.  Should mail to invalid recipients be rejected or merely
> discarded?  If mail senders are legitimate, then rejecting bad mail makes
> sense. It helps folks who have made typos, of which I have made my share.
> However for spammers, I have not heard, or perhaps not understood, the
> argument.  My own inclination is to silently accept such things
> as my small
> part in the task of making spamming uneconomic.

Enter domain authentication... It's be nice to know if your rejected mail
will be rejected, or sent to a spoofed address...

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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 11:32:32 -0700


I recently made a proposal over at slashdot which seemed to garner a fair 
amount of support.

It is this:

When the mail client sends a message, it only goes as far as their local 
mail server.  The local mail server stores the body of the message and then 
sends the header on to the recipient with a ID through which the body may 
be picked up.

When the header arrives at the destination, the client on the other side 
downloads the body of the message from the specified host.

There are a variety of advantages to a system such as this including:

1) There is a server which is responsible for the message that may be 
tracked down.  Forging headers (as spammers now do) will not hide the 
origins of the message.

2) The system administrator on the other end will have time to "cancel" the 
message before it arrives at most of the recipients mailboxes.  (i.e., the 
sysadmin looks and George has 20,000,000 messages in the outbox waiting to 
be picked up. The sysadmin looks at the messages, sees they are spam, then 
he nukes them.)

3) If the messages are nuked before they are picked up, the message header 
is simply thrown away by the mail client or written to a log or put in a 
special mailbox or ... in either case, it is totally transparent to the end 
user and the end user never even knows they have been spammed.

Given this: It would also be possible to develop a self moderation capability.

For example, the sending server has a specific port or reporting mechanism 
and given a: 1) Server ID, 2) User ID, 3) Message ID that is sent to it in 
a "Spam Report" it could verify that the message had actually been sent by 
the user specified and if so could flag it to the sysadmin.  Furthermore, 
if N spam complaints came in for verified messages for a specified user in 
a given period, the account could be automatically put on hold until 
cleared by the sysadmin.

Also, since there is a server which is directly responsible for the 
message, it would be easy to automatically add the server or server/user to 
a blacklist.  Messages from servers that are blacklisted would simply be 
thrown away -- again transparently to the user.

I personally don't believe that any one scheme is going to win the battle 
against spam.  What we need to do is create a framework each node of which 
reinforces all the other nodes in the framework and makes it progressively 
more difficult for spammers to conduct their business.

-Art
-- 
Art Pollard
http://www.lextek.com/
Suppliers of High Performance Text Retrieval Engines.

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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 11:12:18 -0800



> Instead of authenticating senders, what if we authenticated
> sender-domains, leaving it to domains to authenticate senders 
> (or not)?

That is another equally valid method.

I see a range of possible authentication mechanisms:

Reverse MX		- Not cryptographic, can be defeated,
			  email must be routed through approved outgoing MTA
SSL			- Applies to whole domain, strong crypto
			  email must be routed through approved outgoing MTA
S/MIME		- Applies to individual sender, strong crypto
			  no restrictions on routing.

And of course a trusted third party / CA can add value here but is
not absolutely essential.

I think we need to accept that there is a rationale and a place for
each of these, and possibly new mechanisms that are carefully tailored
to the problem of spam without boiling the secure email ocean.


> 1) To send mail, Alice uses SMTP to post the message to an
>    "originating MTA" blessed by her domain.  (Of course, we'd all like
>    to see that domain use an authenticated variant of SMTP to verify
>    Alice's identity, but if you think about it, this is really a
>    policy issue that perhaps domains would prefer we left to them.)

Actually this gated model is actualy one that appears as a requirement
in many secure email deployments - the canonical reason eing to add 
disclaimers to messages.

The 'end to end' model of security does not address the security 
requirements of a lot of financial institutions, the end is the 
institution, not Alice or Bob.


> Potential advantages of doing this at the domain rather sender level:

I agree, we definitely need the choice. The only reason I backed off
the domain level security scheme was that I didn't want to have yet
more complaints about people not being able to send direct from their
MTA while we discussed the principles.


I am currently working on a broad-based security policy language that
allows any security policy to be advertised through the DNS or other 
name/directory system. This is similar to work we are currently doing 
with Microsoft, IBM and RSA for Web Services.

Rather than send the draft to the group in its current form I would like 
to continue to refine the idea for a while in a small group. My experience
is that it is usualy better if one gets as many bugs out of a proposal
as possible before going for widespread review.


		Phill
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In <200303121725.h2CHPkC5001367@qadgop.stewart.org> lstewart@acm.org writes:

> 
> This discussion leads me, in a roundabout way, to a topic about which I
> am confused.  Should mail to invalid recipients be rejected or merely
> discarded?  

I'm interested in hearing others opinions, but in my opinion, you
should reject invalid recipients as early in the process as you can.
In particular, if you can reject the email before the message has been
accepted by the receiving MTA, you force the sending MTA to do the
bounce.  This means that the receiving MTA is not responsible for
bounces that get sent to another of the spammers victims and decreases
the chance that you will be (falsely) labelled as a spammer.

If you silently accept email with invalid recipients, you may well end
up in the same position as Alan DeKok.  (see
http://www.striker.ottawa.on.ca/ and his several million spams per
day)  Spammers often have more bandwidth than you do, and often care
less about wasting it (since it is often stolen bandwidth.)  Trying to
get spammers to waste their bandwidth by consuming yours doesn't sound
like a good idea to me.


Similarly, I'm not sure that disabling the VRFY SMTP command is a good
idea.  Yes, the VRFY command can be easily used by spammers to do a
dictionary attack on your server, but if you don't let them do it the
"easy" way, they will likely do it the "hard" way by sending spam to
every possible email address.  Again, this increases your bandwidth
and if the spammer doesn't get a rejection, it may well greatly
increase your bandwidth a la stiker.


These kinds of things seem to fall into the "cutting off your nose to
spite your face" category.


-wayne


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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 11:19:00 -0800

I don't trust sandboxes either.

But I do trust signed code that has been thoroughly reviewed.

We would be talking about a few hundred lines of code here,
not tens of thousands.

		Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: David F. Skoll [mailto:dfs@roaringpenguin.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 4:12 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums
> 
> 
> On Mon, 10 Mar 2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> 
> > But consider what happens when you use mobile code to describe the
> > hash function.
> 
> Oh, yes, let's consider that.
> 
> You have enormous security violations all over the Internet.
> 
> "Mobile Code" is a non-starter from a security standpoint.  I 
> don't trust
> sandboxes, and I don't think most SMTP server owners do either.
> 
> > This is how satelite TV companies keep card piracy at 
> acceptable levels.
> > PThey don't shut off a pirate card immediately, they let a number
> > of customers develop then they kill it when doing so does maximum
> > damage to the pirate's reputation.
> 
> They have a closed system and can trust their own mobile code.
> 
> > The apamware companies have a big problem that script 
> writers do not,
> > they want to make money from their code. So it takes them 
> much longer
> > to react than the opposition.
> 
> From my observations, a lot of simple anti-spam tricks that worked a
> year ago (and are even widely-known, e.g., as part of 
> SpamAssassin), still
> work pretty well.  So I think you have a point about the 
> reaction time.
> 
> --
> David.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Random thought [enhancement]
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If we just blindly strip [bucket]s out (and concat their contents), then we
can be even more evasive:
j[realmail]hihn, [realmail]jhihn, [real]jhihn[mail], all of which result in
delivery to the jhihn mailbox, 'work' folder.

This starts to get a little more complex, because here I say that we can now
reject mail if the location of the bucket regions is not correct. This is
merely to offset a brute-force address guessing attack from a spammer. It
may be too complicated (particularly right now) to do, but it is something
to be thought about.

The down side is stupid spammers may generate more traffic trying to guess
the hash, but this in turns comes back at them: if they are to make 3
guesses, takes them 3x as long to reach the same number of people, with
lower chances when bucketing is implemented.

I am merely trying to use a hash that if there is not a collision (valid
bucket) the mail is dropped. We can then give out temporarily valid buckets,
and then revoke them. It also allows for leakage tracking, as described in
my first message of this thread. I suspect several people will be less privy
to leakage if you can prove they leaked it. Right now there is no
accountability.

Also, client-side filtering will allow me to aggregate buckets, by
specifying the same destination folder, incase I want a unified inbox
(several buckets empty into one). I can always separate out later as well.



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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 19:37:34 GMT

Hi Kee

> >Note that there are two scenarios
> >
> >1. Email is not allowed in, and only the envelope is
> >2. Email is allowed and delivered as current system.
> 
> Ah, okay that makes sense.  Of course it doesn't fix the
> problem for  the SMTP reader of your email.

The AMDP server will know it is talking to an SMTP server,
from the HELO so it depends on the MHF implementation on
what
to do.  

  1. it can act as other SMTP servers and send the whole
thing
  2. It can send the URL.

I had to think a little about your previous comment that URL
could not support attachment, and I think a good transtional
MHF solutions will include a similar interface to what we
see 
today in web emails so all the attachment will be accesible
and 
can be downloaded. 

> that time >they are removed.  This does not happen in SMTP
> and mail >will
> >stay forever :(
> 
> Presumably people aren't going to set the expiration date
> every time.  They'll use some default (e.g. 30 days).  So
> the ISP goes from a  situation where they store incoming

The MHF sets the ultimate expiration date, so if a users
sets
the message to 60 days, but the max days set by the MHF are
30,
then the date is changed to 30.  However note that
expiration
is used to clean up things, and not as a limiting factor.
outgoiung
mail quota is the limit. For example your ISP will say you
have
10M web space, 50 email accounts, and 100 Mb outgoign mail
quota.
The user can do whatever he wants with those 100.  The ISP
is charging
and sizing his business accordingly..

> BTW, I don't remember.  If you get a bounce from a
> recipient, does  the server notice this and remove that id
> from the list of pickups it  is expecting?

I did not include that in my initial proposal, but it is a
valid
point and will definetly add it and see how it will be
managed

> For instance, I know a very large insurance company that
> requires  special permission for their employees to use
> the web.  Mail sent  from your system to theirs (until
> they move to your system) will be  unreadable by those
> employees. 

There will be a transition and you can always find a
solution
regardless of the issue.  If it does not work for them then
it
will not becuase of their business rules, and not becuase of
the
technology.  They can always adapt, add filters, gateways,
etc..
if they feel that it benefits them.

> >  > - It is no longer possible to send a single message
> to >>  multiple  people and let the remote system explode
> it. >
> >Actually the MHF does a better job in managing space than
> 
> Space yes.  But not traffic or time.  The time to send
> notifications  increases because you have to send them one
> at a time. 

You made a golden point here, thank you!  I did not think of
this
before, but I went back to the drawing board, and found out
that 
the protocl should support this, and it can do it (after all
it is
supposed to be adaptive :))

So from your suggestion is makes sense if an MHF is sending
an X
amount of emails to one repient, then the envelope will have
the 
same information outlined in the design, but instead of one
email
it will contains one addtion header that will tell the
receiver 
gateway how many emails are getting the same message, and
list them
in order.

For example a header will look like this

AMDP-FROM-NAME: Name
AMDP-FROM: foo@bar.com
AMDP-NUMBER-OF-RECPIENTS: 5
AMDP-TO-NAME: u1
DP-TO: u1@yourdomain.com
AMDP-TO-NAME: u2
AMDP-TO: u2yourdomain.com
AMDP-TO-NAME: u3
AMDP-TO: u3yourdomain.com
AMDP-TO-NAME: u4
AMDP-TO: u4yourdomain.com
AMDP-TO-NAME: u5
AMDP-TO: u5yourdomain.com
SUBJECT: Message to all
AMDP-MAIL-CLASS: DIRECT::BULK::foo
AMDP-LANGUAGE: EN
...

This will work also very nicely when contacting the MHF
so instead of downloading one message or envelope at a 
time. One message is read and passed to all recepients.

Thanks it makes the system work better in bulk 
communications.


> >  > - All my recipients get annoyed at me because they
> >  > can't read my  email without following embedded links
> in it. >
> >:) If you are emailing someone one using older SMTP
> servers, >they wll get that actual message like today. 
> Only if they >have
> >AMDP servers that they could either get the message or
> the >link.
> 
> Okay, this wasn't clear.  How do you know which I have? 
> Is there a  new kind of DNS lookup?  Or do you assume that
> the new server sits on  the same MX server?

In the HELO hanshake...

> And if that's the case, why all this discussion about
> transitionally  including URLs in the email body, and
> people using browsers to view  them?

The disccusion was assuming that the receiving server is
AMDP
as well, while the customer are using older clients. If the
recpient is using SMTP they will never see AMDP it is
transparent
to them.  Only AMDP interactions will follow the outlined
process.

> >Right! If I am the only one in the work using it it will
> not >work, unless I have 20-30 million email accounts that
> people >want to email, and then they will listen.
> 
> But how do you get from "just you" to "20-30 million
> accounts"?  Your  only hope of success is that AOL and a
> few other major ISPs decide  that they are going to do
> this and warn the world that they are going  to flip the
> switch in 12 months.  Then the rest of the world all 

I own and manage an email service supporting over 1.5
million
users, but the email service is free, so moving into this
model
will just make the senders not email the people on my
network.
BUT it if it is big enough and all your friends and contacts
are on that network then you will have to get a certificate,
classify your email, use an MHF, to avoid paying postage..

If you are a small guy user you will be able to use an ISP
with
AMDP support, or use a third party company to email that
network
until you do.  Or pay the postage.  The design is flexible
enough 
to allow willing participants to email te nwteork, and tough
enough
on the spammers that will not play the game.  If spammers do
get the
certificate, and mhf, they will pay a fraction of the fee if
they do 
not, and most likely their messages will never make it to
the target
audience they bank on..


> upgrades their mail servers to the new software. 
> But that isn't going to happen.  The rest of the world
> can't manage  to apply simple security patches to their
> email server and yet you  expect them to all jump and make
> this change?  You're best case is  that people will
> provide transitional gateways between the two 
> systems--and then the spammers will sit on the old system
> and throw  spam through the gateways.

That is true change takes time, and the proposal is just a
draft
when enough people feel that it has enough good points to go
forward then the following will happen.

1. Put a clear transiontal plan, that includes technical,
and marketing.
   encouraging open source software to add feature that will
allow the
   technology to be usable

2. Put together a clear development plan.

3. Have the protocol examined, find vunerabilties and fix
them before
   implementation.

What encourages me to follow this model is that it what we
use today in USPS, and other mail carriers worlwdide.  It is
just an adaptation, and we know from real life that spam is
much more controlled in comparison to what you see online. 
I never open my home mailboz to see 200 pieces of junk mail.
 I see 3 - 5, and that is because of the economy of cost to
the sender.  And that is what AMDP is all about the
specifics will definetly show up as individuals like
yourself find those features that are key to making the
process worth while.

We can not spend out lives playing cat and mosue with
spammers, change the process to make them accountable if
they do not want to be, then let them have fun in SMTP world
until there is no market worth pursuing, and ultimatly will
play along..

> I've never seen business going around respecting other
> businesses  decision to hurt themselves.  Laugh maybe, but
> not respect.  What  possible reason would there be for a
> business to use this system to  restrict their incoming
> email to solely those other companies who  have deployed
> it.  We've created a world-wide network that is  dependent
> upon communication.  Nobody can afford to cut their links 
> from that. 

I did not mean that they will use AMDP, but if I have AMDP
installed and they receive a response saying that it costs
them 0.002 to email us, since they are not using AMDP, then
they will pay the 0.002 to get business done.  


> I mean, if you want to solve the problem by creating an
> entirely new  protocol, there's no need to create one from
> scratch.  We can all  just step back a decade and take the
> email branch we abandoned.  X.400 should provide all the
> infrastructure we need to prevent spam. -- 

I saw you post on X.400, and I am sorry that it did not make
it, but you can not base eveythring you see on previous
experience.  I myself have dealt with AINC working on
multilingual domain names, and have seen technologies go up 
in smoke, and some are very good.  

The fact they are chewed and spit is not a measure of how
good or bad they were. Competition, and special interest
play a major role in it too.  Propoenents of email filters
can keep saying "my filter is better than yours", but when
will it stop?? If I felt that the future stands to keep
email as it is, then I would not even try :))

Cheers
Adonis


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To: Art Pollard <pollarda@lextek.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal ....
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 19:40:34 GMT

Hi Art,

Sounds like AMDP, check
http://www.amdpmail.com/mod/fileman/files/draft-amdp-00.txt

:)

----- Original Message Follows -----
> 
> I recently made a proposal over at slashdot which seemed
> to garner a fair  amount of support.
> 
> It is this:
> 
> When the mail client sends a message, it only goes as far
> as their local  mail server.  The local mail server stores
> the body of the message and then  sends the header on to
> the recipient with a ID through which the body may  be
> picked up. 
> When the header arrives at the destination, the client on
> the other side  downloads the body of the message from the
> specified host. 
> There are a variety of advantages to a system such as this
> including: 
> 1) There is a server which is responsible for the message
> that may be  tracked down.  Forging headers (as spammers
> now do) will not hide the  origins of the message.
> 
> 2) The system administrator on the other end will have
> time to "cancel" the  message before it arrives at most of
> the recipients mailboxes.  (i.e., the  sysadmin looks and
> George has 20,000,000 messages in the outbox waiting to 
> be picked up. The sysadmin looks at the messages, sees
> they are spam, then  he nukes them.)
> 
> 3) If the messages are nuked before they are picked up,
> the message header  is simply thrown away by the mail
> client or written to a log or put in a  special mailbox or
> .. in either case, it is totally transparent to the end 
> user and the end user never even knows they have been
> spammed. 
> Given this: It would also be possible to develop a self
> moderation capability. 
> For example, the sending server has a specific port or
> reporting mechanism  and given a: 1) Server ID, 2) User ID
> , 3) Message ID that is sent to it in  a "Spam Report" it
> could verify that the message had actually been sent by 
> the user specified and if so could flag it to the
> sysadmin.  Furthermore,  if N spam complaints came in for
> verified messages for a specified user in  a given period,
> the account could be automatically put on hold until 
> cleared by the sysadmin. 
> Also, since there is a server which is directly
> responsible for the  message, it would be easy to
> automatically add the server or server/user to  a
> blacklist.  Messages from servers that are blacklisted
> would simply be  thrown away -- again transparently to the
> user. 
> I personally don't believe that any one scheme is going to
> win the battle  against spam.  What we need to do is
> create a framework each node of which  reinforces all the
> other nodes in the framework and makes it progressively 
> more difficult for spammers to conduct their business. 
> -Art
> -- 
> Art Pollard
> http://www.lextek.com/
> Suppliers of High Performance Text Retrieval Engines.
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Proposal ....
In-reply-to: <5.1.0.14.2.20030312104018.03cff630@mail.lextek.com>
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This is good, but I see problems. See injections.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Art
> Pollard
> Sent: Wednesday, March 12, 2003 1:33 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Proposal ....
>
> I recently made a proposal over at slashdot which seemed to garner a fair
> amount of support.
>
> It is this:
>
> When the mail client sends a message, it only goes as far as their local
> mail server.  The local mail server stores the body of the
> message and then
> sends the header on to the recipient with a ID through which the body may
> be picked up.
>
> When the header arrives at the destination, the client on the other side
> downloads the body of the message from the specified host.

Imagine the server you are picking up from isn't honest. It's a spammers
server.
They now know the email they sent to was valid. Congrats, you've just
verified your email, and that is worth double on the spam market.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Cert-based Spam Fighting (rant) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 12 Mar 2003 08:54:58 PST."
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On Wed, 12 Mar 2003 08:54:58 PST, "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>  said:
> Please support that accusation with facts.

> Netscape, Microsoft and Lotus have interoperated for at least five
> years. If you have evidence of incompatibility then please state
> the errors so they can get fixed.

<RANT>
And *HOW* many years did Microsoft products *interoperate* before somebody
pointed out the completely b0rked implementation of basic constraints?

How many years did a lot of SNMP products *interoperate* before major holes
in the ASN.1 parser were revealed?
</RANT>

Software that interoperates with things that play nice isn't secure, it's only
interoperable.  For security, you need the *additional* constraint that it
refuse to talk to things that are trying to lead it astray.

-- 
				Valdis Kletnieks
				Computer Systems Senior Engineer
				Virginia Tech


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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 16:05:56 -0500
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wayne wrote:

> If you silently accept email with invalid recipients, you may well end
> up in the same position as Alan DeKok.  (see
> http://www.striker.ottawa.on.ca/ and his several million spams per
> day)  Spammers often have more bandwidth than you do, and often care
> less about wasting it (since it is often stolen bandwidth.)  Trying to
> get spammers to waste their bandwidth by consuming yours doesn't sound
> like a good idea to me.

Slight correction.  Striker never did that AFAIK.  Striker always 
rejected, via either outright denial of connection or inline rejects 
rather than bouncing or accepting.  The unproven supposition is that his 
problem is because of one or two malfunctioning dictionary runs. 
There's on the order of 1500 or so unique destinations in the load.

To an example more to the point and closer to my heart: our spamtraps 
didn't even have MXes for two years.  Spam load before the MXes was 
removed was on the order of 50,000/day.  Spam load after the MXes was 
restored is on the close order of 800,000/day and growing slowly 
day-by-day.  There's about 10,000 unique addresses in the spam load.

Note: _our_ spamtrap accepts _any_ address (our spamtrap has a hardcoded 
"yes" to every question).  Your supposition would suggest that it'd grow 
far faster than it is.

I think comparing our numbers with AOL and/or MSN would suggest that 
"late bouncing" isn't anywhere near the influence as you may think.

Remember, Millions CDs are write-only.

> Similarly, I'm not sure that disabling the VRFY SMTP command is a good
> idea.  Yes, the VRFY command can be easily used by spammers to do a
> dictionary attack on your server, but if you don't let them do it the
> "easy" way, they will likely do it the "hard" way by sending spam to
> every possible email address.

Multiple "RCPT TO" then "QUIT" is the same as VRFY.

We don't see a lot of that on our spamtrap actually.  What we see 
_vastly_ more of is "HELO/MAIL FROM/QUIT" same "MAIL FROM" all the time. 
  God knows why they're doing that.

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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 10:09:12 +1300

>Raymie Stata wrote :
>Instead of authenticating senders, what if we authenticated
>sender-domains, leaving it to domains to authenticate senders (or not)?

Well I agree. That's what my original post "[Asrg] Proven solution for
authenticating messages" described:

The New Zealand government has developed a specification for securing
Internet email (authentication/encryption/integrity), 
between agencies, using S/MIME gateways.
http://www.e-government.govt.nz/see/mail/index.asp

The specification is an interpretation of several RFCs:
http://www.e-government.govt.nz/docs/see-mail-bus-req-2-2/chapter1.html

This system is in use by over 50% of government agencies in New Zealand
already.  Agencies have chosen to implement it either with commercial off
the shelf packages, or through the development of an open source version.

If an ISP were to adopt the system, then a customer's FROM address, could
match the email address(es) associated with the
username/password of the ISP account.  In this way, we could authenticate
all messages between that ISP's customers and any other system user.

Because it happens at a server level, the customer never sees the complexity
of PKI.  The servers automatically establish 
and maintain links with new servers they discover (so long as the server's
CA is trusted).

Regards, Mike Pearson

Personal: The views expressed are not necessarily those of my employer.
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 14:21:51 -0700 (MST)

> From: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>

> ...
> Similarly, I'm not sure that disabling the VRFY SMTP command is a good
> idea.  Yes, the VRFY command can be easily used by spammers to do a
> dictionary attack on your server, but if you don't let them do it the
> "easy" way, they will likely do it the "hard" way by sending spam to
> every possible email address. ...

That is not the hard way to do a VRFY when the target SMTP server has
turned off VRFY.  Instead the extremely well known alternative consists
of replacing the SMTP VRFY command with two commands.  Use a Mail_From
command with any sender that you think will be acceptable to the target
followed by a Rcpt_To command with the address you wish to verify.
The result is at least as reliable as VRFY and does not require
significantly more of your bandwidth, computing, or even thinking.

If you run an SMTP server, you can watch the spammers do zillions of
these sorts of VRFY commands.  Spammers use this tactic even when VRFY
is turned on, because this mechanism cannot be turned off and it is so
easy.

Of course, EXPN is something else.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 21:42:03 +0000 (GMT)

On Wed, 12 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> Consider the RBL+, SPEWS, and SBL as models for how popular a favorite
> spam defense might be after several years.  All of those are said to
> have significant good effects immediately and if everyoone used any
> one of them, the spam problem would be solved overnight.  They don't
> require mail senders or other mail recipients to do anything.  All of
> them are trivial to install.  SPEWS and the SBL are entirely free
> other than quite modest per mail message bandwidth and other costs.
> The monetary costs of the RBL+ are less than many proposed alternatives.
> The RBL and SBL are said to have very low false positive rates.  They
> are all reported to be at least 20% and according to some more than
> 70% effective (spam rejected divided by total spam).  In summary,
> all three are exemplars of what many spam defenses would like to be.

Just some figures for this, on my home system (which I admit isn't 
statistically significant, but we don't use these DNSBLs at work) the SBL 
stopped 7% of my total spam this week, wirehub (open proxies) stopped 32%, 
and monkeys.com (another open proxies list) stopped just over 1% and ORDB 
stopped 1%. I have a feeling wirehub beat monkeys.com simply on speed, and 
so looks better, but there should be no overlap with the other lists.

The rest was stopped by a combination of different content filters (and a 
few sneaked through the net). Oh, and zero false positives - these DNSBLs 
have very low false positive rates generally.

This doesn't prove much except that different people get different results 
with their DNS blacklists.

[This has nothing to do with why you posted the above I know, but people 
earlier were asking for some figures so I thought I'd post some].

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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 14:36:45 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> I don't trust sandboxes either.
>
> But I do trust signed code that has been thoroughly reviewed.

If you don't trust sandboxes, then you are crazy to follow the
Microsoft ActiveX fraudulent nonsense of confounding authentication
with authorization.  That someone at a big company has signed some
code does not imply anything about how well it has been reviewed.
Bugs happen, and you can never know for certain that a VP has told
a chain of pointed hair bosses to stop delaying and SHIP IT!
Besides, how do you trust that the goals of any reviewing had
anything to do with your goals or even your well being?

Let's consider some of the attacks that might be done with distributed
filtering code.  If the sandbox does not exist or allows the code to
modify passing mail, then your entire system is wide open.  Naughty
filters could add viruses and worms to passing mail.

If the sandbox does not allow changes to passing mail by the filter,
then a filter from Microsoft could cause a random 70% of mail from
AOL to be rejected, and be labelled a bug much like Microsoft's so
called bug caused alternatives to Windows to fail.
See http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/network/2000/02/07/schulman.html
and http://www.google.com/search?q=microsoft+drdos


> We would be talking about a few hundred lines of code here,
> not tens of thousands.

The checksums computed for the DCC involve fewer than tens of thousands
of lines of code but strech a few hundred.  My first checksums half
a dozen years ago did almost exactly what one person proposed in this
list.  However such simple tactics have not been effective for years.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 13:40:41 -0800
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Many people have different definitions of spam.  Since spammers seem to be
the Internet manifestation (or infestation) of telemarketing it might be
instructive to see how the U.S. Government defines telemarketers:

From  http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/15/6106.html

U.S. Code  TITLE 15 > CHAPTER 87 > Sec. 6106.

"The term ''telemarketing'' means a plan, program, or campaign which is
conducted to induce purchases of goods or services by use of one or more
telephones and which involves more than one interstate telephone call.

The term does not include the solicitation of sales through the mailing of a
catalog which -
        (A) contains a written description, or illustration of the goods or
services offered for sale,
        (B) includes the business address of the seller,
        (C) includes multiple pages of written material or illustrations,
and
        (D) has been issued not less frequently than once a year,
        where the person making the solicitation does not solicit customers
by telephone
        but only receives calls initiated by customers in response to the
catalog and during
        those calls takes orders only without further solicitation."

The FTC has recently issued new rules which, among other things, will
require telemarketers to transmit a valid Caller ID.

They are also setting up a national Do Not Call List. (A national email Do
Not Spam List would be a bonanza for spammers.)

I would like to add:
   1. If the email return address is phony, it's spam.
   2. If the email comes from a domain where the email address for the
Administrative Contact person is phony, it's spam.


And, finally, it's been suggested that some ISPs and free emailing services
benefit financially from spammers (much as the telephone companies benefit
enormously from providing service to telemarketers), so I still want email
stored on Sender's server and not mine.

Jed Margolin





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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 14:56:45 -0700 (MST)

For a list places to find performance numbers for some filters, see this list

] BlackList/BlockList Comparisons:
] http://www.sdsc.edu/~jeff/spam/Blacklists_Compared.html
] http://www.sdsc.edu/~jeff/spam/cbc.html
] 
] Statistics:
] http://groups.google.com/groups?q=relays.osirusoft.com+bln.net.statistik
] 
] BlackList/BlockList Checking tools:
] http://www.moensted.dk/spam/
] http://www.dnsstuff.com/tools/ip4r.ch?ip=

from
http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=3E2000B0.4080200%40Griffin-Technologies.net


I was going to link this note to a recent comment about the performance
of DNS blacklist, but it seems the archives for this list have disappeared.
The link on https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg to
https://www1.ietf.org/pipermail/asrg/ now catchs a 404 (replacement) page.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 22:26:12 +0000 (GMT)

On Wed, 12 Mar 2003, Jed Margolin wrote:

> Many people have different definitions of spam.  Since spammers seem to be
> the Internet manifestation (or infestation) of telemarketing it might be
> instructive to see how the U.S. Government defines telemarketers:
> 
> From  http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/15/6106.html
> 
> U.S. Code  TITLE 15 > CHAPTER 87 > Sec. 6106.
> 
> "The term ''telemarketing'' means a plan, program, or campaign which is
> conducted to induce purchases of goods or services by use of one or more
> telephones and which involves more than one interstate telephone call.

Just so long as we don't limit the definition of spam to linking to goods 
or services. That rules out Nigerian Scams, and also the wierd 
"Uncertainty Probability is Untenable" guy (though that was worth getting 
for humour value, the first time around).

I'm still quite happy with the monkeys.com definition: 
http://www.monkeys.com/spam-defined/

Matt.

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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 15:12:41 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>

> ...
> Remember, Millions CDs are write-only.

Not all spam target lists are on Millions CDs.

> ...
> Multiple "RCPT TO" then "QUIT" is the same as VRFY.

Minor nit:  "Mail_From" then "Rcpt_To" is the same as VRFY.  VRFY does not
imply quit.  For a really minor nit, N VRFYs are the same as
1 Mail_From followed by N Rcpt_Tos.  Spammers often follow one or
more RCTP_To probes with a QUIT, but they don't need to.

> We don't see a lot of that on our spamtrap actually.  What we see 
> _vastly_ more of is "HELO/MAIL FROM/QUIT" same "MAIL FROM" all the time. 
>   God knows why they're doing that.

What's wrong with the obvious explanation, that they're validating
target lists?  The (equivalents to) VRFYs in my logs tend to be for
usernames that are valid or close to valid or to obvious dictionary
lists.  VRFYs are often followed by spam from the same spammer, judging
from various stigmata common between the VRFY and the spam.  I've done
other obvious experiments with names culled from VRFYs, and found the
obvious things you'd expect if you assume many spammers are not stupid
and understand their businesses as well as you do.

Validated target lists are sold by spammers as more valuable.
Some target MTAs penalize IP addresses with too many bad Rcpt_Tos.
Open proxies and relays are readily available, but there's no point
in burning a relay or proxy if you can buy a "verified" target list.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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--==_Exmh_1539445436P
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

On Wed, 12 Mar 2003 15:12:41 MST, Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>  said:

> > We don't see a lot of that on our spamtrap actually.  What we see 
> > _vastly_ more of is "HELO/MAIL FROM/QUIT" same "MAIL FROM" all the time. 
> >   God knows why they're doing that.
> 
> What's wrong with the obvious explanation, that they're validating
> target lists?  The (equivalents to) VRFYs in my logs tend to be for

HELO
MAIL FROM
QUIT

No RCPT TO.

I've seen a few myself, and no idea why either.

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 14:25:18 -0800

At 06:58 PM 3/11/2003 -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>If you want to propose such a scheme I will be happy to tell you which
>patents I believe that it infringes.

Yes, please do.  I'm in the sender-pays camp.  Although one can reasonably 
maintain that spam is a social phenomenon, the economic dimension is one 
which has heretofore not received attention in deployed systems.

steve

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To: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
cc: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Random thought 
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 12:35:01 -0800 (PST)

HELO, MAIL FROM, QUIT is how spammers verify if they are blacklisted from 
that machine, at the same time they also look at SMTP greeting header to 
see which machine this is. This is also way of cleaning up their list 
preparing for spamming, they want to make sure they are allowed in and not 
blacklisted so before major event, they would verify their FROM address 
and if it is not accepted, use different domain in from for that particular
mail server or different ip address as an origin. I suspect the 2nd part 
(ip address) is more important, they are trying to subdivide large email 
list among multiple relays and want best-hit ratio.

The above is my own conclusion and I'v no real proof of this. But I think 
this helps to explain what is going on.

On Wed, 12 Mar 2003 Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:

> On Wed, 12 Mar 2003 15:12:41 MST, Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>  said:
> 
> > > We don't see a lot of that on our spamtrap actually.  What we see 
> > > _vastly_ more of is "HELO/MAIL FROM/QUIT" same "MAIL FROM" all the time. 
> > >   God knows why they're doing that.
> > 
> > What's wrong with the obvious explanation, that they're validating
> > target lists?  The (equivalents to) VRFYs in my logs tend to be for
> 
> HELO
> MAIL FROM
> QUIT
> 
> No RCPT TO.
> 
> I've seen a few myself, and no idea why either.

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 14:42:02 -0800

[Off list there has been enough noise there already]

> If you don't trust sandboxes, then you are crazy to follow the
> Microsoft ActiveX fraudulent nonsense of confounding authentication
> with authorization.  

Microsoft employ many people whose credentials in the security world vastly
outrank your own. In addition to Roger Needham who recently passed away,
Butler Lampson has been working for them for many years.

You will not bandy arround terms such as 'fraudulent nonsense' again if you
want to be taken seriously as intending to make a constructive contribution
to this group.  


		Phill
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On Wed, 12 Mar 2003 14:42:02 PST, "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>  said:

> Microsoft employ many people whose credentials in the security world vastly
> outrank your own. In addition to Roger Needham who recently passed away,
> Butler Lampson has been working for them for many years.

Microsoft also employs bozos who make mistakes.

If they *DIDNT* confuse "authentication" with "authorization", please enumerate
the options besides "dont run code" and "run code".  Is there a "allow this
code to access network", or "allow this code to access temp disk space only, no
user files", or....

It equates "signed and accepted" with "fully priveleged".

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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 15:50:58 -0700 (MST)

> From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu

> > > We don't see a lot of that on our spamtrap actually.  What we see 
> > > _vastly_ more of is "HELO/MAIL FROM/QUIT" same "MAIL FROM" all the time. 
> > >   God knows why they're doing that.
> > 
> > What's wrong with the obvious explanation, that they're validating
> > target lists?  The (equivalents to) VRFYs in my logs tend to be for
>
> HELO
> MAIL FROM
> QUIT
>
> No RCPT TO.
>
> I've seen a few myself, and no idea why either.

Oh, I've seen those mysteries.   I thought Chris Lewis's note 
lacked RCPT_To as a typo.
Could those be efforts to check for IP address or sender domain
blacklists?  They wouldn't work for that if the target does something
like the typical sendmail "delay checks" business.

I'll raise the betting with complete SMTP transactions that land in
my traps with a body consisting of only "QUIT" and not to mailing list
control addresses but to dictionary attack names such as
black@calcite.rhyolite.com.  They're not common enough to be ordinary
VRFY efforts.

Then there are the relay attempts that consist entrely of Hipcrime
style word lists.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 15:01:39 -0800

I was hoping that we could avoid further rants on this topic.

Security is about risk control, not risk elimination. It is certainly
not the result of blind implementation of dogma.

The Authentication/Authorization distinction is a decomposition of
the problem that has value in certain circumstances but certainly
not all.

The design of the code signing services was to ensure that code
obtained through the web was at least as trustworthy as code bought
in a shrinkwrap box in a store. It was not to eliminate all possible
risks.

If you want to see an example of an environment that does provide
the degree of control you seek look at .NET.

However we do not need that degree of flexibility to solve our 
problem here.


The perfect is the enemy of the good.
The ideological is the enemy of everything.

		Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu [mailto:Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu]
> Sent: Wednesday, March 12, 2003 5:52 PM
> To: Hallam-Baker, Phillip
> Cc: 'Vernon Schryver'; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums 
> 
> 
> On Wed, 12 Mar 2003 14:42:02 PST, "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" 
> <pbaker@verisign.com>  said:
> 
> > Microsoft employ many people whose credentials in the 
> security world vastly
> > outrank your own. In addition to Roger Needham who recently 
> passed away,
> > Butler Lampson has been working for them for many years.
> 
> Microsoft also employs bozos who make mistakes.
> 
> If they *DIDNT* confuse "authentication" with 
> "authorization", please enumerate
> the options besides "dont run code" and "run code".  Is there 
> a "allow this
> code to access network", or "allow this code to access temp 
> disk space only, no
> user files", or....
> 
> It equates "signed and accepted" with "fully priveleged".
> 
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 16:01:43 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> [Off list there has been enough noise there already]

I'm think I'm going to be able to overcome the temptation to forward
your note to the list, but it's going to be a close thing.  I consider
veiled threats as deserving of and expecting no privacy.  I don't
think much more of private flames.


> > If you don't trust sandboxes, then you are crazy to follow the
> > Microsoft ActiveX fraudulent nonsense of confounding authentication
> > with authorization.  
>
> Microsoft employ many people whose credentials in the security world vastly
> outrank your own. In addition to Roger Needham who recently passed away,
> Butler Lampson has been working for them for many years.

My respect for Butler Lampson and Roger Needham is such that your attempt
to lay Microsoft's ActiveX fraud at their feet is deeply offensive.

Sheesh!--even Microsoft has stop flogging the ActiveX authentication
is the same as authorization fraud....yes, "fraud" is the right word.


> You will not bandy arround terms such as 'fraudulent nonsense' again if you
> want to be taken seriously as intending to make a constructive contribution
> to this group.  

You could stop bandying around fraudulent nonsense so that I wouldn't
feel compelled to point it out.


Please do not send any more private mail to me.  Our views of the
nature and importance of truth and honesty are evidently incompatible.


vjs
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Date: 12 Mar 2003 17:34:56 -0600

In <3E6FA134.6050907@americasm01.nt.com> "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> writes:

> wayne wrote:
> 
> > If you silently accept email with invalid recipients, you may well end
> > up in the same position as Alan DeKok. 
> 
> Slight correction.  Striker never did that AFAIK.

Slight correction.  I never said that Striker did, just that you could
end up in the same position.



> Multiple "RCPT TO" then "QUIT" is the same as VRFY.

I'm sure I'm showing my ignorance here, but then, I tend to stay away
from all DJB projects.  However, it was my understanding that qmail
didn't do much validation on the RCPT TO, the validation would come
much later.


Anyway, my points were that reporting errors was important because you
want false positives to be reported and it doesn't hurt the spammer
much by not reporting errors.  Also, validating early is better
because you waste less bandwidth, and you can force the sending MTA to
do the bounce.


-wayne

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In <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A3110022@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> writes:

> To: "'Vernon Schryver'" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
                                                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
>
> [Off list there has been enough noise there already]

I would say that it is too late to put this particular cat back in the
bag, but I do agree about the noise level....



-wayne



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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 17:30:28 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> ...
> The design of the code signing services was to ensure that code
> obtained through the web was at least as trustworthy as code bought
> in a shrinkwrap box in a store. It was not to eliminate all possible
> risks.
> ...

Requiring that the signature on the new version of the code match the
signature on the original from the shrinkwrap box would be a significant
and radical improvement on the ActiveX model and what I understood Phillip
Hallam-Baker to be proposing.  As I understand ActiveX, esssentially any
code signed by any vendor recognized by Microsoft and marked "safe" by
the vendor is allowed free reign to do whatever it wants.

However, I don't see how to allow Vendor X to change only bits that
have been previously signed by Vendor X except with something that
sounds like special case of "sandbox."


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com

P.S.  I would like to apologize to the list about my previous message.
 I didn't realize I was replying to a message from the list until
 after I'd hit the switch.

P.P.S.  "Fraud" is too strong for ActiveX if you cannot conceive of
 any network except a centrally controlled corporate net where there
 are are very few naive over-the-wire security threats and where
 whatever the central controllers want to do to other systems is
 kosher.  I'm sure I'm not the only one who has asked/warned users
 equuivalents of "this virus will aid the maintenance of your system"
 before Microsoft had heard of IP or thought of ActiveX or auto-update.
 Hooks to add and remove cron scripts and other things can ease a lot
 of transitions and deployment hassles.  Outside controlled corporate
 networks such things are worse than frauds.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 17:45:21 -0700 (MST)

> From: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>

>                   ...   However, it was my understanding that qmail
> didn't do much validation on the RCPT TO, the validation would come
> much later.

Also in common sendmail configurations, such as when you want to
excempt some recipients such as postmaster from access_DB filters.
See http://www.google.com/search?q=sendmail+delay+checks


> Anyway, my points were that reporting errors was important because you
> want false positives to be reported and it doesn't hurt the spammer
> much by not reporting errors.  Also, validating early is better
> because you waste less bandwidth, and you can force the sending MTA to
> do the bounce.

If the sending MTA is standards compliant, you can force it to do the
bounce provided you say 5yz at any time in the transaction including
the very last bits of the transaction.

If you count bits including the DNS lookups for the IP address, HELO
value, Mail_From domain name, and Rctp_To domain names, any IDENT
checks, and DNS blacklists, you often find that the bandwidth required
to process that DATA command and receive the body is less than half
of the total.  Stopping before the DATA command is often not much of
a bandwidth savings except for worms and legitimate mail, and you can't
stop the first before the DATA command and don't want to stop at all
for the second.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Ted Gavin <tedgavin@newsguy.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] spammers and telemarketers
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On Wed, 12 Mar 2003 13:40:41 -0800, "Jed Margolin"
<jmsml@jmargolin.com> wrote:

>Many people have different definitions of spam.  Since spammers seem to be
>the Internet manifestation (or infestation) of telemarketing 

While I understand the premise, I feel the need to point out the
dangerous flaw in that statement. Spammers are not like telemarketers.
They're not even close in terms of practical impact.

In telemarketing, the cost of the marketing effort is borne by the
marketer. The recipient bears only the inconvenience and the soft
costs (time, lost opportunity, etc...).

With spam, the marketer bears nearly zero cost, while the recipients
(and the interim networks) bear the majority of the cost. In fact,
since the spammer generally only experiences fixed costs and
little-to-no variable costs (which is also entirely unlike a
telemarketing operation which is opposite that), the more messages a
spammer sends, the closer their cost per message gets to zero.

Ted
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Random thought
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 15:12:03 -0800 (PST)

Based on my tests less then half of mail servers will accept 500 error 
after data command (those are mostly the ones that support limits on size 
of emails - SIZE ESMTP extension I believe). The trick that has been used 
is to issue RSET command to reset the session to beginning (which is more 
widely accepted) even at DATA and then bounce with 500 or to simply 
disconnect (before end of transmission, which would cause calling email 
server to try again). But that you can't easily bounce email and filter 
during DATA transmission is very unfortunate and puts many email filters 
in the position of returning unwanted email (to FROM command, which is 
often invalid and thus wasting servers resources) instead of bouncing it 
at the transmission. 

My review of solutions shows that most would require additions to SMTP 
such that email server can not make a decision after RCPT and TO command 
and only can do it either after all headers are received or after main 
body of email is received. What I really would like is ability for 
receiving mail server to get data or parts of it (particular header, 
mime structure of the email, particular mime object) out of band before 
making final decision on accepting or rejecting entire email. 

Also I do not agree that DATA is < 1/2 of the amount of transmission for 
each email. It is true for all those small emails we often sent to each 
other (which almost all are not spam) but for larger emails that have 
larger chance of being spam or virus, DATA portion takes well over 75% of 
total packet count.

On Wed, 12 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> > From: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>
> 
> >                   ...   However, it was my understanding that qmail
> > didn't do much validation on the RCPT TO, the validation would come
> > much later.
> 
> Also in common sendmail configurations, such as when you want to
> excempt some recipients such as postmaster from access_DB filters.
> See http://www.google.com/search?q=sendmail+delay+checks
> 
> 
> > Anyway, my points were that reporting errors was important because you
> > want false positives to be reported and it doesn't hurt the spammer
> > much by not reporting errors.  Also, validating early is better
> > because you waste less bandwidth, and you can force the sending MTA to
> > do the bounce.
> 
> If the sending MTA is standards compliant, you can force it to do the
> bounce provided you say 5yz at any time in the transaction including
> the very last bits of the transaction.
> 
> If you count bits including the DNS lookups for the IP address, HELO
> value, Mail_From domain name, and Rctp_To domain names, any IDENT
> checks, and DNS blacklists, you often find that the bandwidth required
> to process that DATA command and receive the body is less than half
> of the total.  Stopping before the DATA command is often not much of
> a bandwidth savings except for worms and legitimate mail, and you can't
> stop the first before the DATA command and don't want to stop at all
> for the second.
> 
> 
> Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 20:38:42 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 12 Mar 2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

> I don't trust sandboxes either.
> But I do trust signed code that has been thoroughly reviewed.

I do not, necessarily.

Signed code is not really more secure than unsigned code, because it
only takes one piece of buggy signed code to open up an exploit.

The problem with PKI is that revocation is not very scalable or
reliable, so old, buggy signed code continues to do damage for a long
time.

> We would be talking about a few hundred lines of code here,
> not tens of thousands.

Nevertheless, I would still not trust it, and I doubt many other
administrators would either.

--
David.
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On Sunday, Mar 9, 2003, at 23:16 US/Eastern, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> However, I refuse to jump through hoops.  If, as was the case tonight,
> you send me a message, I respond, and your computer responds with a
> demand that I jump through its hoop to prove I'm not a spam robot, I
> will silently refuse.  If you don't want my mail, it would be wrong
> for me to whine, beg or jump through hoops.

Same here.  Also, the same goes for people who post questions on Usenet 
with broken reply-to addresses.  If I notice, I don't even start to 
answer the question for them.  (No, I am not going to edit an e-mail 
address by hand for the privilege of being allowed to e-mail you.)

> Fine, but "forged" is wrong.  In English "forgery" means "an act of
> forging; especially the crime of falsely and fraudulently making or
> altering a document (as a check)" (See http://www.m-w.com/ )
> It is wrong to say all 96.6% of those correspondents are guilty of
> "falsely and fraudulently making or altering" SMTP headers.

Almost every piece of spam has at least one false Received: header, 
deliberately altering the correct path information to fraudulently 
suggest that the mail came from somewhere other than its actual origin. 
How is this even debatable?  If you don't believe it, sign up for 
SpamCop, and see what proportion of spam you report produces a "false 
Received: header" message in the traceback report.


mathew
-- 
<URL:http://www.pobox.com/~meta/>

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Subject: [Asrg] Code signing (was Re: DCC and IP checksums)
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 20:57:19 -0500 (EST)

From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> The design of the code signing services was to ensure that code
> obtained through the web was at least as trustworthy as code bought
> in a shrinkwrap box in a store.

That's nice.

I do not use shrinkwrap Microsoft code on any computer I run, because
I don't trust it any more than I'd trust the handful of .exe's from
random people that my mail filter blocks each day.

> It was not to eliminate all possible risks.

Adding mobile code to SMTP servers or MUA's opens up a vast new area
of insecurity and potential exploits.

In 1980, who would ever have dreamed that e-mail viruses could exist?
E-mail was just a chunk of text sent from point A to point B.  Sorry,
but anyone proposing mobile code on the uncontrolled Internet either
has an incredible amount of hubris, or has failed to learn from
history.

I would actually support signed mobile code on one condition: The
authority that signs the code must agree to compensate everyone for
any loss caused by the signed code, or by an exploit of a weakness in
the signed code, for a period of 20 years from when the code is
signed.

Under these conditions, I doubt anyone would sign any code. :-)

--
David.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Several Observations and a solution that addresses them all
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I came up with a possible spam solution that had quite a bit in common 
with Jason Hihn's proposal.  Of course, I think mine's better in some 
important respects, but I would, wouldn't I? :-)

However, I'm not going to write it up, because it has the same problem 
as Jason's: there's no clear route from here to there.  It requires 
e-mail to be sent via a fundamentally different protocol, rather than 
SMTP. There's no gain for early adopters, just expense and a limited 
audience.

It strikes me that there might be a way to get such a thing rolled out, 
however. Just don't call it e-mail.

For years now, we've been waiting for a unifying instant messaging and 
presence system. What if one was built, and it also had "delayed 
instant messages", which used this new e-m**l protocol that was 
spam-resistant?

Initially people would use the new system as their IM system; since 
there's not much good competition in IM, it wouldn't be impossible to 
give early adopters a clear gain. People are used to running IM 
alongside their existing e-mail client.  Then as time went on, they'd 
start using the unified IM system for the messages currently sent by 
e-mail...

If we got assistance from the big boys (like AOL), we could get 
interoperability with the current IM systems. That would be a massive 
gain that would drive rapid adoption.


mathew
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On Wednesday, Mar 12, 2003, at 13:32 US/Eastern, Art Pollard wrote:
> I recently made a proposal over at slashdot which seemed to garner a 
> fair amount of support.
[details deleted]

That's basically the idea I had, which I alluded to in a previous 
message. As I say, the problem is how we get from here to there... I 
think it would need to replace SMTP, not be layered on top of it.

> 2) The system administrator on the other end will have time to 
> "cancel" the message before it arrives at most of the recipients 
> mailboxes.  (i.e., the sysadmin looks and George has 20,000,000 
> messages in the outbox waiting to be picked up. The sysadmin looks at 
> the messages, sees they are spam, then he nukes them.)

And the asshat system administrators who leave their systems as open 
relays will get a "slashdot effect" of spam, as 100,000 spam victims 
call to collect the sales pitch, saturating the open relay machine's 
network connection and maybe even taking it down.  Chances are, most of 
the victims' machines will be unable to get through, and so the spam 
won't appear to those people.

This solves the fundamental problem of SMTP, which is that the cost of 
having an open relay isn't borne by the idiot who has it.  Blacklists 
have attempted to shift the cost onto the enabler, but by changing the 
protocol, you make it inherent that the enabler pays the network cost.

> 3) If the messages are nuked before they are picked up, the message 
> header is simply thrown away by the mail client or written to a log or 
> put in a special mailbox or ... in either case, it is totally 
> transparent to the end user and the end user never even knows they 
> have been spammed.

Yeah. My idea was to have the user client throw out messages if it 
couldn't collect them after a certain time period.

Basically, you change e-mail from push to pull; your e-mail client 
becomes somewhat like an RSS feed reader.


mathew
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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> > [Off list there has been enough noise there already]
> 
> I'm think I'm going to be able to overcome the temptation to forward
> your note to the list, but it's going to be a close thing.  I consider
> veiled threats as deserving of and expecting no privacy.  I don't
> think much more of private flames.

I made no threats, your claims that I did only further discredit you.

Arguing with you is like fighting with a chimney sweep, one inevitably 
ends up getting soiled in the process.


For the record, the value in separating authentication and authorization
is uniquely a function of an environment where there is a great variation
in the rights which individuals may hold. In environments where there is
no such variation in rights there is not an intrinsic value in 
authentication as a distinct step.

If you can't learn to moderate your language could you possibly try
to understand that just because people don't observe the limitations 
the litterature may contain does not make them ignorant or 'frauds'.


	Phill
 
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On Wednesday, Mar 12, 2003, at 14:36 US/Eastern, Jason Hihn wrote:
> Imagine the server you are picking up from isn't honest. It's a 
> spammers
> server. They now know the email they sent to was valid. Congrats, 
> you've just verified your email, and that is worth double on the spam 
> market.

...assuming the current spam market and current infrastructure.

Knowing a million people's e-mail addresses is worth zip if you can't 
deliver spam to them without the sending machine's network connection 
being wiped out, sysadmins alerted, and the sending machine either 
cleared of spam or firewalled by an upstream ISP.

Besides, my e-mail address has been the same for ten years. It's 
"verified" a thousand times over. That's what makes it useful. The 
apparent need to keep your e-mail address secret is one of the problems 
of spam we should be trying to solve.


mathew

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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] AMDP
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 21:25:03 -0500

At 7:37 PM +0000 3/12/03, ietf@centipaid.com wrote:
>I had to think a little about your previous comment that URL
>could not support attachment, and I think a good transtional
>MHF solutions will include a similar interface to what we
>see
>today in web emails so all the attachment will be accesible
>and
>can be downloaded.

I would recommend just sending the whole body.  Otherwise you've 
completely destroyed my filing system by not sending me the content 
of the message.  I'll end up cut and pasting the message from the web 
site and mailing it to myself (and sending you a nasty response).

>  > For instance, I know a very large insurance company that
>>  requires  special permission for their employees to use
>>  the web.  Mail sent  from your system to theirs (until
>>  they move to your system) will be  unreadable by those
>>  employees.
>
>There will be a transition and you can always find a
>solution
>regardless of the issue.  If it does not work for them then
>it
>will not becuase of their business rules, and not becuase of
>the
>technology.  They can always adapt, add filters, gateways,
>etc..
>if they feel that it benefits them.

But you've given them no choice in the matter.  They are running 
SMTP. You're sending via your new system that sends them a link.  As 
a result, you can no longer communicate with your insurance company. 
Now which is going to happen?  They are going to change their 
security system to to accommodate a few early adopters?  They are 
going to implement a brand new system that may never take off?  Or 
they are going to tell you to go back to using SMTP if you want to 
communicate with them?

>I did not mean that they will use AMDP, but if I have AMDP
>installed and they receive a response saying that it costs
>them 0.002 to email us, since they are not using AMDP, then
>they will pay the 0.002 to get business done.

It all depends on leverage.  If you are one customer, and they have a 
hundred more who use SMTP, then they are going to tell you to take a 
hike.

>I saw you post on X.400, and I am sorry that it did not make
>it, but you can not base eveythring you see on previous



I'm not.  X.400 was a horrendous idea.  Massively centralized, and 
based on the assumption that email would be run by government 
organizations like the post office.  The addressing mechanism was 
unusable without a global directory service, and addresses were 
completely non portable.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Random thought
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 21:57:42 -0500

At 11:41 AM -0500 3/12/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
>What if we assigned a bucket in the email address?
>
>joe[spam]@paytimepayroll.com

I've been doing this for about a year.  (Using 
myaddr+domain@example.com, which is supported by many MTAs).  It 
turns out that it starts to be a pain to manage.  Companies change 
names, domains change.  You start to have addresses registered at 
sites where you aren't sure which token you used.  Never mind that 
you get the sites that don't let you type in a + in the address (or 
like drugstore.com, which just made it impossible for me to access my 
email account because they added that restriction *after* I had 
registered--not to worry they said, they'll fix it in 3-5 weeks.).

But it hasn't had any impact on my spam.  Why?  Because legitimate 
sites don't sell your email address.  And I don't give my address to 
non-legit sites.  Most of my spam comes from postings to mailing 
lists and other things that put my address on the web.  Giving each 
of those a different address would a) result in a lot of spam, b) 
make it hard to send mail to a mailing list and c) would (if I 
blocked them once I started getting spam) make it difficult for legit 
folks to get in touch with me.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: "'Fred Baker'" <fred@cisco.com>, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] note to the chair
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 19:13:45 -0800

Well I just tried to post a research paper on spam and it got bounced as 80K
of research is considered too much it appears.

I will forward the paper to anyone who asks. It is in pdf. I am dyslexic so
I can't read the plaintext RFC format and I don't see why I should force
anyone else to read monospaced fonts.

		Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Fred Baker [mailto:fred@cisco.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 5:25 PM
> To: Asrg@ietf.org
> Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] note to the chair
> 
> 
> I would urge you to separate this list into two:
> 
> 	asrg-research@ietf.org
> 	asrg-rant@ietf.org
> 
> I find it a heck of a lot to wade through to find the research.
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
_______________________________________________
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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
cc: "'Fred Baker'" <fred@cisco.com>, <Asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] note to the chair
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 17:32:21 -0800 (PST)

Better if you just put the paper on some website and post URL to the list.

On Wed, 12 Mar 2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

> Well I just tried to post a research paper on spam and it got bounced as 80K
> of research is considered too much it appears.
> 
> I will forward the paper to anyone who asks. It is in pdf. I am dyslexic so
> I can't read the plaintext RFC format and I don't see why I should force
> anyone else to read monospaced fonts.
> 
> 		Phill
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Fred Baker [mailto:fred@cisco.com]
> > Sent: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 5:25 PM
> > To: Asrg@ietf.org
> > Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
> > Subject: [Asrg] note to the chair
> > 
> > 
> > I would urge you to separate this list into two:
> > 
> > 	asrg-research@ietf.org
> > 	asrg-rant@ietf.org
> > 
> > I find it a heck of a lot to wade through to find the research.
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> > 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

_______________________________________________
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'william@elan.net'" <william@elan.net>,
        "Hallam-Baker, Phillip"
	 <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: "'Fred Baker'" <fred@cisco.com>, Asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 19:50:57 -0800

I was hoping for some constructive comment from the list before posting it
somewhere that is slashdotable.

	Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: william@elan.net [mailto:william@elan.net]
> Sent: Wednesday, March 12, 2003 8:32 PM
> To: Hallam-Baker, Phillip
> Cc: 'Fred Baker'; Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] note to the chair
> 
> 
> Better if you just put the paper on some website and post URL 
> to the list.
> 
> On Wed, 12 Mar 2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> 
> > Well I just tried to post a research paper on spam and it 
> got bounced as 80K
> > of research is considered too much it appears.
> > 
> > I will forward the paper to anyone who asks. It is in pdf. 
> I am dyslexic so
> > I can't read the plaintext RFC format and I don't see why I 
> should force
> > anyone else to read monospaced fonts.
> > 
> > 		Phill
> > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Fred Baker [mailto:fred@cisco.com]
> > > Sent: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 5:25 PM
> > > To: Asrg@ietf.org
> > > Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
> > > Subject: [Asrg] note to the chair
> > > 
> > > 
> > > I would urge you to separate this list into two:
> > > 
> > > 	asrg-research@ietf.org
> > > 	asrg-rant@ietf.org
> > > 
> > > I find it a heck of a lot to wade through to find the research.
> > > 
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Asrg mailing list
> > > Asrg@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> > > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
_______________________________________________
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Subject: [Asrg] Position paper, in zipped HTML
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 19:54:32 -0800

This message is in MIME format. Since your mail reader does not understand
this format, some or all of this message may not be legible.

------_=_NextPart_000_01C2E914.415BD3F0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"

Where there is a geek, there is a way.

Here is the position paper in gziped HTML, so you don't even have to mess
with pdf.

I really wish we had put a packed encoding into the html spec, it was one of
the major oversights.

	Phill


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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar 12 23:22:48 2003
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Random thought
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Cc: "'Kee Hinckley'" <nazgul@somewhere.com>, "'ASRG'" <asrg@ietf.org>
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From: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>
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On Wednesday, March 12, 2003, at 08:05  PM, Damien Morton wrote:

> Yeah - fundamentally, any spam solution has to be able to pass this
> test:
>
> Can I publish my email address anywhere and not expect to inundated 
> with
> spam.
>

Which sounds awfully like a whitelist system to me. Implementable 
today, no protocol enhancements, minimal training, and decent systems 
can be pre--programmed to minimize the hassles to people you WANT 
sending to you....

the big issue on whitelists seems to be the social issue, the "jumping 
through hoops" issue. But I haven't yet seen a suggestion I thought 
didn't require at least that much hassle/work/retraining/etc and most 
require a lot more. So why not whitelistings as part of a solution as a 
lesser evil to all this other stuff?


-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/

No! No! Dead girl, OFF the table! -- Shrek

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From: "Damien Morton" <dm-temp-310102@nyc.rr.com>
To: "'Kee Hinckley'" <nazgul@somewhere.com>, "'ASRG'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Random thought
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> Behalf Of Kee Hinckley
> 
> At 11:41 AM -0500 3/12/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
> >What if we assigned a bucket in the email address?
> >
> >joe[spam]@paytimepayroll.com
> 
> I've been doing this for about a year.  (Using 
> myaddr+domain@example.com, which is supported by many MTAs).  It
> turns out that it starts to be a pain to manage.  Companies change 
> names, domains change.  You start to have addresses registered at 
> sites where you aren't sure which token you used.  Never mind that 
> you get the sites that don't let you type in a + in the address (or 
> like drugstore.com, which just made it impossible for me to access my 
> email account because they added that restriction *after* I had 
> registered--not to worry they said, they'll fix it in 3-5 weeks.).
> 
> But it hasn't had any impact on my spam.  Why?  Because legitimate 
> sites don't sell your email address.  And I don't give my address to 
> non-legit sites.  Most of my spam comes from postings to mailing 
> lists and other things that put my address on the web.  Giving each 
> of those a different address would a) result in a lot of spam, b) 
> make it hard to send mail to a mailing list and c) would (if I 
> blocked them once I started getting spam) make it difficult for legit 
> folks to get in touch with me.


Yeah - fundamentally, any spam solution has to be able to pass this
test:

Can I publish my email address anywhere and not expect to inundated with
spam.

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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 21:29:09 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> ...
> For the record, the value in separating authentication and authorization
> is uniquely a function of an environment where there is a great variation
> in the rights which individuals may hold. In environments where there is
> no such variation in rights there is not an intrinsic value in 
> authentication as a distinct step.

That's right.  In an isolated corporate network where central
administrators are responsible for all of the computers in the network,
authentication and authorization are the same.  In that kind of network
is no difference between code the central operators sign (or is signed
on their behalf) and authorized code.

However, the Internet or even a large university is a different kind
of universe.  Microsoft or any outfit can be expected to sign some
code whose installation and operation is authorized by the owners of
some computers, not authorized, on other computers, and worse, only
partly authorized on still other computers.

The distinction is relevant to signed spam filtering code.  If it were
technically feasible, might the U.S. Dept. of Defense might ask a vendor
of spam filters to auto-update its customers filters to affect mail in
arabic to or from computers in a particular time zone or with other
characteristics?  How about a filter that affects mail about organizations
that the Chinese government does not like?  I think the answer to both
questions is "Of course!"  Such filters would be authenticated by the
shrink-wrap box vendor but entirely unauthorized.


> If you can't learn to moderate your language could you possibly try
> to understand that just because people don't observe the limitations 
> the litterature may contain does not make them ignorant or 'frauds'.

What better words are there for those who say by their words and
products that there is not "a great variation in the rights which
individuals may hold" in the Internet?  The decades of security problems
in DOS, Windows, and Windows XP/2000/NT as it is configured by default
are caused in large part by the [you pick the word] and entirely false
assumption that is no "great variation in the rights which individuals
may hold" on computers running Microsoft software.

No useful anti-spam system can ignore the fact the spamishness of a
message or class of messages cannot be centrally defined and that there
are those vast variations among individual email recipients and system
operators.


I've intentionally avoided the issue of whether that signed code has
been reviewed by Lampson and Needham instead of whoever has been
reviewing Microsoft products for the last 20 years.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Random thought 
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 18:27:16 -0500

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> I think such potential barriers are simply too high.  If a defense
> depends on at least X% of the net using it to reduce your spam load
> by X% for any X greater than 0.01%, then it is hopeless.  You will
> not use it unless you invented it or are selling it and it will never
> be adopted by X% of the net.

  Let's turn a problem into a solution.

  Is there a critical percentage of the net which will cause/force
wide-spread adoption of an anti-spam method?  If so, who are they, and
what percentage of the net do they control?

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Real-world spam experiences
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 18:34:26 -0500

"Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:
> Slight correction.  Striker never did that AFAIK.  Striker always 
> rejected, via either outright denial of connection or inline rejects 
> rather than bouncing or accepting.

  Yes.  I set up a domain, added myself as a user with email, and
waited 5 years.

>  The unproven supposition is that his problem is because of one or
> two malfunctioning dictionary runs.

  At this point, I think it's impossible to know for sure.

  But it does prove that spammers don't prune their databases.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Random thought
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 21:45:36 -0700 (MST)

> From: william@elan.net

> Based on my tests less then half of mail servers will accept 500 error 
> after data command (those are mostly the ones that support limits on size 
> of emails - SIZE ESMTP extension I believe).

I'd like to believe that you've only hit bad patch of SMTP clients.
I think sendmail has done the right thing with a 5yz response to DATA
for eons.  Many major SMTP clients that used to ignore 5yz responses
to DATA commands such as Hotmail's now do the right thing.

>                                              The trick that has been used 
> is to issue RSET command to reset the session to beginning (which is more 
> widely accepted) even at DATA and then bounce with 500 or to simply 
> disconnect (before end of transmission, which would cause calling email 
> server to try again). 

Who uses that tactic?  Many of the many sendmmail Milter filters
don't but do use simple 5yz responses to Data comamnds.

>                     . But that you can't easily bounce email and filter 
> during DATA transmission is very unfortunate and puts many email filters 
> in the position of returning unwanted email (to FROM command, which is 
> often invalid and thus wasting servers resources) instead of bouncing it 
> at the transmission. 

I don't understand that.  If your SMTP server says 5yz to the STMP
client and incorrectly assumes that client is not junk, then it won't
know that no bouce was generated.  That no bounce is generated in this
case is no more the responsibility of the rejecting SMTP server than
any other bug that causes the other machine to fail to generate a
bounce when it should.

> My review of solutions shows that most would require additions to SMTP 
> such that email server can not make a decision after RCPT and TO command 
> and only can do it either after all headers are received or after main 
> body of email is received. What I really would like is ability for 
> receiving mail server to get data or parts of it (particular header, 
> mime structure of the email, particular mime object) out of band before 
> making final decision on accepting or rejecting entire email. 
> ...

Again, why do that when the protocol already includes sufficient
provisions for examining headers or data before making a final decision?

What SMTP lacks is a way to say in response to the DATA command "reject
for the 1st recipeint, accept for the 2nd, and temp-fail for the 3rd."
To the DATA command ou can only say accept, reject, or temp-fail for
all recipients togehter.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Damien Morton" <dm-temp-310102@nyc.rr.com>
To: "'Chuq Von Rospach'" <chuqui@plaidworks.com>
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> From: Chuq Von Rospach [mailto:chuqui@plaidworks.com] 
> 
> On Wednesday, March 12, 2003, at 08:05  PM, Damien Morton wrote:
> 
> > Yeah - fundamentally, any spam solution has to be able to pass this
> > test:
> >
> > Can I publish my email address anywhere and not expect to inundated
> > with
> > spam.
> >
> 
> Which sounds awfully like a whitelist system to me. Implementable 
> today, no protocol enhancements, minimal training, and decent systems 
> can be pre--programmed to minimize the hassles to people you WANT 
> sending to you....

Im not sure that the test I proposed implies any particular system,
including whitelists. My own personal preference is a sender-pays
system, implemented at the ISP level, which would be equally effective.
Im sure others have proposals that would satisfy the test.

> the big issue on whitelists seems to be the social issue, the 
> "jumping 
> through hoops" issue. But I haven't yet seen a suggestion I thought 
> didn't require at least that much hassle/work/retraining/etc and most 
> require a lot more. So why not whitelistings as part of a 
> solution as a 
> lesser evil to all this other stuff?

Its probably a little premature to be voting on various approaches.

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On Wednesday, March 12, 2003, at 08:44  PM, Damien Morton wrote:

>> Which sounds awfully like a whitelist system to me. Implementable
>> today, no protocol enhancements, minimal training, and decent systems
>> can be pre--programmed to minimize the hassles to people you WANT
>> sending to you....
>
> Im not sure that the test I proposed implies any particular system,
> including whitelists. My own personal preference is a sender-pays
> system, implemented at the ISP level, which would be equally effective.
> Im sure others have proposals that would satisfy the test.

Sender pays requires a set of standards, cooperative implementation, 
some non-trivial infrastructure to make it work, and a lot of time and 
energy. Whitelisting is something that can be built on an individual, 
site or organizational level without a need of new standards, new 
protocols, financial transactions, certification, PKI infrastructures, 
or anything else. It can be implemented today, in fact, layering on top 
of what's there in most cases.

No, it doesn't solve all problems. but it solves some useful subsets of 
problems, which simplifies the issue of solving the next subset.

> Its probably a little premature to be voting on various approaches.
>

I'm not voting. Or suggesting we vote. I'm suggesting that, compared to 
some of the "rewrite the world" approaches, we consider more 
off-the-shelf and less, well, world-changing ones as well.


-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/

Stress is when you wake up screaming and you realize you haven't fallen 
asleep yet.

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On Wed, 12 Mar 2003 18:23:36 PST, "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>  said:

> For the record, the value in separating authentication and authorization
> is uniquely a function of an environment where there is a great variation
> in the rights which individuals may hold. In environments where there is
> no such variation in rights there is not an intrinsic value in 
> authentication as a distinct step.

Hmm.. Vern, he's got us there...

A truly sad state of affairs, but he *does* have us there...

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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 19:56:17 -0800 (PST)

On Wed, 12 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> > Based on my tests less then half of mail servers will accept 500 error 
> > after data command (those are mostly the ones that support limits on size 
> > of emails - SIZE ESMTP extension I believe).
> 
> I'd like to believe that you've only hit bad patch of SMTP clients.
Since I was testing mail servers that connected to my mail server, 
possibly the data was contaminated by spammers who just dont take no (500) 
for an answer.

> > My review of solutions shows that most would require additions to SMTP 
> > such that email server can not make a decision after RCPT and TO command 
> > and only can do it either after all headers are received or after main 
> > body of email is received. What I really would like is ability for 
> > receiving mail server to get data or parts of it (particular header, 
> > mime structure of the email, particular mime object) out of band before 
> > making final decision on accepting or rejecting entire email. 
> > ...
> 
> Again, why do that when the protocol already includes sufficient
> provisions for examining headers or data before making a final decision?
After you receive entire email though... Why wase so much bandwidth when 
75% of spam can be rejected based on just incorrect headers and most 
solutions require using special headers for additional information on 
authentication as well allowing to distiguish between standard mail and 
authenticated email.
 
> > But that you can't easily bounce email and filter 
> > during DATA transmission is very unfortunate and puts many email filters 
> > in the position of returning unwanted email (to FROM command, which is 
> > often invalid and thus wasting servers resources) instead of bouncing it 
> > at the transmission. 
> 
> I don't understand that.  If your SMTP server says 5yz to the STMP
> client and incorrectly assumes that client is not junk, then it won't
> know that no bouce was generated.  That no bounce is generated in this
> case is no more the responsibility of the rejecting SMTP server than
> any other bug that causes the other machine to fail to generate a
> bounce when it should.
I'm way confused by what you wrote. What I meant is that there is a difference 
between how blacklists work (when SMTP servers responds with 500 just based on
your ip) and how spam filters work (which scans the email, trys to 
classify it as spam and it is - its either discards it or bounced back to 
the sender or sent to special spam folder). I'd rather have filtering do 
like blacklists and either return an error (instead of discarding or 
trying to send email back) or accept it (either to spam folder or to 
normal folder).

> What SMTP lacks is a way to say in response to the DATA command "reject
> for the 1st recipeint, accept for the 2nd, and temp-fail for the 3rd."
> To the DATA command ou can only say accept, reject, or temp-fail for
> all recipients togehter.
I agree - this is also really really needed.

What else I'd find usefull is automated way to say that it requires 
certain type of authentication for email to be accepted (and not just that 
it requires authentication as is possible now).

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net


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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 23:08:07 -0700 (MST)

> From: william@elan.net

> ...
> > > Based on my tests less then half of mail servers will accept 500 error 
> > > after data command (those are mostly the ones that support limits on size 
> > > of emails - SIZE ESMTP extension I believe).
> > 
> > I'd like to believe that you've only hit bad patch of SMTP clients.

> Since I was testing mail servers that connected to my mail server, 
> possibly the data was contaminated by spammers who just dont take no (500) 
> for an answer.

I don't understand.  How can you know that 5yz responses to DATA are
ignored?  How can you tell the difference between a broken client
that ignores 5yz for DATA and a good client that generates a bounce?
The won't-take-no(5yz) STMP clients clearly do accept and recognize
5yz errors to the DATA command; they just do the wrong thing.


> ...
> > Again, why do that when the protocol already includes sufficient
> > provisions for examining headers or data before making a final decision?

> After you receive entire email though... Why wase so much bandwidth when 
> 75% of spam can be rejected based on just incorrect headers and most 
> solutions require using special headers for additional information on 
> authentication as well allowing to distiguish between standard mail and 
> authenticated email.

The bandwidth required to handle a single mail message is trivial.  It's
typically about that required for a single HTTP page hit.  Only if your
system is handling more than about 200,000 mail messages/day do you need
more than current puny, commodity PC hardware.  I think there are
subscribers to this mailing list who are dealing with 2 Mmsgs/day or
more with cheap, commodity PC boxes, albeit more than one box.

> ...  
>I'm way confused by what you wrote. What I meant is that there is a difference 
> between how blacklists work (when SMTP servers responds with 500 just based on
> your ip) and how spam filters work (which scans the email, trys to 
> classify it as spam and it is - its either discards it or bounced back to 
> the sender or sent to special spam folder).

I don't like that distinction for several reasons.  I think a "filter"
is any of those things.  Besides, there are spam defenses that use
DNS IP blacklists to detect and report spam to a distributed network
so that substantially identical copies can be rejected from unlisted
IP addresses.  DNS IP blacklists can do anything of the things that
the other sort can do, including only tag or segregate spam.  It is
at least as common for DNS IP blacklists to operate at the end of the
envelope, so that the SMTP server can accept mail to some mailboxes
such as postmaster from blacklisted IP addresses.


>                                             I'd rather have filtering do 
> like blacklists and either return an error (instead of discarding or 
> trying to send email back) or accept it (either to spam folder or to 
> normal folder).

Some implementations of what you call "filtering" can do that.


> ...
> What else I'd find usefull is automated way to say that it requires 
> certain type of authentication for email to be accepted (and not just that 
> it requires authentication as is possible now).

It's often easier to require the authenticating tokens at the start,
do much of the processing, and only just before doing something
permanent or expensive check the authentiation tokens as well as decide
whether the request is authorized given the authentication.

In other words, if that's what you want, you could simply use SMTP-AUTH
but lie about whether you like the tokens.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 09:20:06 +0000

> 
> > 
> > This discussion leads me, in a roundabout way, to a topic about which I
> > am confused.  Should mail to invalid recipients be rejected or merely
> > discarded?  
> 
> I'm interested in hearing others opinions, but in my opinion, you
> should reject invalid recipients as early in the process as you can.
> In particular, if you can reject the email before the message has been
> accepted by the receiving MTA, you force the sending MTA to do the
> bounce.  This means that the receiving MTA is not responsible for
> bounces that get sent to another of the spammers victims and decreases
> the chance that you will be (falsely) labelled as a spammer.
> 


I agree, it's what we try to do here. The exposure to a "dictionary attack"
may be over-emphasised. Such an attack has a pretty clear signature 
( high  invalid/valid ratio over a short time originating at  
a single IP or small range). It's possible to (dynamically) modify 
policy with respect to a source which has given that signature.

Of course, this signature is strong for us - as our ~100k accounts cover
only
a small part of dictionary (or randomised localpart) space.  
It's likely not as strong for Yahoo or Hotmail.

On a related point: We've had a number of complaints from foreign system
admins
about such attacks using a (forged) sender in one of our domains. They tend
to
send us yards of their MTA logs as "evidence". It seems that there are many
"postmasters" out there who don't know how to read their own logs 
("it's the IP stoopid!"). Sender forgery tends to come as a terrible
surprise
to them.









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From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
To: "'Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu'" <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>,
        "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>,
        "'Vernon Schryver'"
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums 
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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 06:15:59 -0500


Gentlemen,

If you wish to continue this discussion, perhaps you can do so in private
communication. 

There are over 400 subscribers to this mailing list. For the most part these
are busy individuals that signed up for a research mailing list to
understand and contribute to solving the spam problem. They are not
interested in scoring a debate match between two men and a sidekick.

To all: With every post to this list, please ask yourself if your message
contains an idea or contribution that is worthy of sitting in the mailboxes
of 400 busy and intelligent individuals. Remember, we are here to stop (not
produce) unwanted messages.

Thanks,
Paul

_______________________________________________
Paul Q. Judge        Paul.Judge@CipherTrust.com

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu [mailto:Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu] 
> Sent: Thursday, March 13, 2003 12:06 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums 
> 
> 
> On Wed, 12 Mar 2003 18:23:36 PST, "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" 
> <pbaker@verisign.com>  said:
> 
> > For the record, the value in separating authentication and 
> > authorization is uniquely a function of an environment 
> where there is 
> > a great variation in the rights which individuals may hold. In 
> > environments where there is no such variation in rights 
> there is not 
> > an intrinsic value in authentication as a distinct step.
> 
> Hmm.. Vern, he's got us there...
> 
> A truly sad state of affairs, but he *does* have us there...
> 
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Subject: [Asrg] {Asrg] some comments on the signing and authentication off-topic rant
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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 11:38:16 -0000
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>From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
>Subject: RE: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums
>
>> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
>>
>> ...
>> The design of the code signing services was to ensure that code
>> obtained through the web was at least as trustworthy as code bought
>> in a shrinkwrap box in a store. It was not to eliminate all possible
>> risks.
>> ...
>
>Requiring that the signature on the new version of the code match the
>signature on the original from the shrinkwrap box would be a significant
>and radical improvement on the ActiveX model and what I understood Phillip
>Hallam-Baker to be proposing.  As I understand ActiveX, esssentially any
>code signed by any vendor recognized by Microsoft and marked "safe" by
>the vendor is allowed free reign to do whatever it wants.

In that case you don't understand active-X very well.  It's possible to set
up your box in a variety of different ways. Most of my boxes will tell me
when they see an sibned active-X control, tell me who signed it, tell me
whether it is marked "safe for scripting", and ask me if I want to let it
run.

It also strikes me that there's a pretty clear distinction between
authentication in that setup - someone signed it and the system checks the
certificate chain - and authorisation - I give permission for the code to
run - so maybe you have been falsely accusing MS about failing to make that
distinction?  Certainly I have never seen anything from MS that tells me I
should trust signed code, as opposed to trusting that it was signed by the
signer.

I don't think MS is particularly good at security, but they aren't any worse
than anyone else in the business (apart from their email scripting, where
they really introduced a nightmare for themselves and for all their
customers)and they seem to be less inclined to push snake oil than some
rival camps. Code signing was designed for exactly what Phill described and
works as well as any PK system will work for that purpose (which is not
actually very well, since certifying authorities have no relationship with
relying parties, but is probably the best that can be done at present).


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Proposal ....
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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 11:51:15 GMT

> > When the mail client sends a message, it only goes as
> > far as their local mail server.  The local mail server
> > stores the body of the message and then
> > sends the header on to the recipient with a ID through
> > which the body may be picked up.
> >
> > When the header arrives at the destination, the client
> > on the other side downloads the body of the message from
> the specified host. 
> Imagine the server you are picking up from isn't honest.
> It's a spammers server.
> They now know the email they sent to was valid. Congrats,
> you've just verified your email, and that is worth double
> on the spam market. 

The proposal make sense, you want them to be there.  Today
we run away
from giving out our email becuase we will be spammed without
an mercy.

But if you know where the spammer is, you can take counter
measures, you can
use better filters, use alternative solutions such as
postage, certs, etc..


If you look at the paper presented by Phillip Hallam-Baker
you will see that 

"90% of the emails did not have a valid sender address.
These emails could be excluded if there were some mechanism
that allowed validation of sender addresses"

So a system that will call back will make them stick.  I
have dealt with spam for years, and I never got stats, but I
always felt that if I was able to go back and get the
messages fro them, instead of autmatically take the junk,
then it will be a fair game for all.  They get to deal with
serving it to me, and I will galdly take it, as long as it
is not put on my door step 300,000 messages a day...



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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: william@elan.net
cc: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Random thought
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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 07:14:02 -0500 (EST)



On Wed, 12 Mar 2003 william@elan.net wrote:

> Based on my tests less then half of mail servers will accept 500 error 
> after data command (those are mostly the ones that support limits on size 
> of emails - SIZE ESMTP extension I believe). The trick that has been used 

Can you clarify?

Do you mean that many receiving MTAs don't support rejection of messages
based on content, or that if the receiving MTA rejects during the DATA
command the sending MTA will not "accept" the 500 error?

In the former case, it is easy enough for those wanting to improve their
content based scanning procedure to get an improved MTA. They are already
making a substantial change to their system.

If the latter, what happens to the message? Is it dropped on the floor?
Does the receiving MTA get some acknowledgment that the the error has not
been accepted? Can you provide MTA names? Do the offenders include any of
Exchange, Postfix, qmail? 

Finally, does this mean that MILTER based content scanning will lose mail
coming from certain other MTAs, rather than rejecting it? 





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On Thursday, Mar 13, 2003, at 02:16 Europe/London, mathew wrote:

> And the asshat system administrators who leave their systems as open 
> relays will get a "slashdot effect" of spam, as 100,000 spam victims 
> call to collect the sales pitch, saturating the open relay machine's 
> network connection and maybe even taking it down.  Chances are, most 
> of the victims' machines will be unable to get through, and so the 
> spam won't appear to those people.

Why wouldn't the spammer do what he does now, and deposit his email on 
1000 open relays, making it only 100 connections to the victim's 
machine (which just looks like a prolific poster)?

Matt.

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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Proposal ....
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: ietf@centipaid.com [mailto:ietf@centipaid.com]
> Sent: Thursday, March 13, 2003 6:51 AM
> To: Jason Hihn; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] Proposal ....
>
>
> > > When the mail client sends a message, it only goes as
> > > far as their local mail server.  The local mail server
> > > stores the body of the message and then
> > > sends the header on to the recipient with a ID through
> > > which the body may be picked up.
> > >
> > > When the header arrives at the destination, the client
> > > on the other side downloads the body of the message from
> > the specified host.
> > Imagine the server you are picking up from isn't honest.
> > It's a spammers server.
> > They now know the email they sent to was valid. Congrats,
> > you've just verified your email, and that is worth double
> > on the spam market.
>
> The proposal make sense, you want them to be there.  Today
> we run away
> from giving out our email becuase we will be spammed without
> an mercy.

Do you put your home phone number on highway bulletin boards, even if you
have caller ID? (Even assume that they couldnot block it)
I think not.

> But if you know where the spammer is, you can take counter
> measures, you can
> use better filters, use alternative solutions such as
> postage, certs, etc..

You can take measures on HIM AFTER it's too late (He's sold your address to
someone else)

> If you look at the paper presented by Phillip Hallam-Baker
> you will see that
>
> "90% of the emails did not have a valid sender address.
> These emails could be excluded if there were some mechanism
> that allowed validation of sender addresses"

My verify plan does this while taking measure to protect your email. There
is only one time consuming way to do it under my plan. Under this plan it is
100% certain and fast.

> So a system that will call back will make them stick.  I
> have dealt with spam for years, and I never got stats, but I
> always felt that if I was able to go back and get the
> messages fro them, instead of automatically take the junk,
> then it will be a fair game for all.  They get to deal with
> serving it to me, and I will galdly take it, as long as it
> is not put on my door step 300,000 messages a day...

You'll still get those 300k messages a day, because 100% of list purchasers
will have 100% verified lists, and you're the one that helped them build it!

Assume temporarily that most of this plan works. Spammers are caught and
their messages killed. This has first amendment rights (freedom of speech)
violations all over it. The courts have been pretty strong to protect
freedom of speech. But we also don't have to listen. You'd only be able to
kill messages if a spammer was hacked into an ISP (trespassing).
Furthermore, he can craft his sending scheme to evade whatever traps were
put in place, and have the same effect. If the spammer uses his own systems,
then it'll take even longer to shut him down, because he'll be doing it
legally.

So in the end he ends up verifying addresses with absolute certainty, just a
bit slower if he doesn't have his own equipment.

In the end you'll end up with more spam, because people will pay more for
verified lists, making spam a more lucrative arrangement!

No way. I'd never use such a system.

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Subject: Deployment advantage RE: [Asrg] Random thought
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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 06:20:32 -0800

> Sender pays requires a set of standards, cooperative implementation, 
> some non-trivial infrastructure to make it work, and a lot of 
> time and 
> energy. Whitelisting is something that can be built on an individual, 
> site or organizational level without a need of new standards, new 
> protocols, financial transactions, certification, PKI 
> infrastructures, 
> or anything else. It can be implemented today, in fact, 
> layering on top 
> of what's there in most cases.

Whitelisting/Authentication delivers an immediate early adopter value - it
reduces the chance that the company deploying the authentication will have
its emails listed as false positives, it reduces the chance the
authentication aware filter deployer will lose emails.

Clearly there is also a network effect, the more people use authentication
the more incentive there will be to use it as content filters can become
more aggressive. Consider the following scenario, 50% of the mail you
receive is authenticated (not difficult if it is all internal). That means
that you can tighten your acceptance criteria on your spam filters, probably
halving the residual amount of spam without the overall false positive rate
being higher than before.

However network effects bend both ways. Another name for network effect, or
'viral marketting', is chicken and egg problem. That is why it is critical
that there be a value to early adopters.


I don't see any such early deployment advantage to sender pays. It provides
zero or negative return until it is widely deployed. If I am the only person
who puts stamps on my email I will pay money out to do so and receive none
in return.

So it is in the self interest of every party to wait until the scheme is
fully deployed before participating. Furthermore there can be very little
confidence sender pays will ever get anywhere so there is even less
incentive. In particular I and many others simply don't believe that sender
pays will decrease spam if successfully deployed. So the deployment
incentive curve is negative.

Sender pays is an expression of an ideology and reason is not going to
provide any answer. Self interest represents an imminent critique in this
instance since the governing ideology is that of Ayn Rand. The sender pays
proposal will never be made in terms any more concrete than it is today. We
will never see an answer to the problem of how mailing lists are going to be
managed in the new free market, or how the charging infrastructure to
allocate costs will be managed. 

The costs of infrastructure are easy to overlook. If you look at past
VeriSign press releases you will see that the hardware we bought from IBM to
suport the DNS clusters cost well over 8 figures. The number of lookups
would be much more than for DNS and if real money was involved the running
costs would be much, much more than for DNS, they would be much higher in
any case because each lookup would involve a state change. ATLAS would have
to be much more complex to manage state changes.

Basically any sender pays mechanism is going to cost a minimum of 0.01 cents
per message to operate, it is more likely the cost would be 0.1 cents even
for the most naive scheme. The cost of the infrastructure required to deploy
would be in the tens of millions for a commuinty of users large enough for
the stamps to provide any value in decreasing spam. 


	Phill
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Subject: [Asrg] Who is most incented to make anti-spam changes?
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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 10:14:16 -0500

At 6:27 PM -0500 3/12/03, Alan DeKok wrote:
>   Is there a critical percentage of the net which will cause/force
>wide-spread adoption of an anti-spam method?  If so, who are they, and
>what percentage of the net do they control?

Commercial bulk mailers have an incentive to change their systems out 
of fear of being blocked.

ISPs have an incentive to block spam if it can be done in a way that 
decreases support and maintenance costs.  In other words, adding 
complex systems isn't necessarily helpful.  Reducing forgeries so 
that they don't get fake complaints might be helpful.  Reducing 
bounces would be helpful.

For another view on who is interested in the problem, consider the 
attendee list to JampSpam.

http://www.jamspam.org/home/Participants
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 10:09:20 -0500

At 8:16 PM -0800 3/12/03, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
>Which sounds awfully like a whitelist system to me. Implementable 
>today, no protocol enhancements, minimal training, and decent 
>systems can be pre--programmed to minimize the hassles to people you 
>WANT sending to you....
>
>the big issue on whitelists seems to be the social issue, the 
>"jumping through hoops" issue. But I haven't yet seen a suggestion I 
>thought didn't require at least that much hassle/work/retraining/etc 
>and most require a lot more. So why not whitelistings as part of a 
>solution as a lesser evil to all this other stuff?

Whitelisting works well for people who use mail for social 
communication.  They have a limited set of people they communicate 
with regularly.  My only real issue with it in that context is that 
it's a virus-writer's dream--lots of addresses to send viruses to, 
and they'll all work.  But that's really a different problem.

Whitelisting doesn't work at all for inbound company email.  I 
regularly get email addressed to me from people that I don't know and 
have never heard of before.  There are people on this list who are 
using challenge-response whitelists, and the complaints have been 
pretty loud.

However to be a true spam deterrent, whitelisting needs to do two other things.

1. It needs to *block* non-whitelisted email.  Anything that just 
puts them in a junk folder isn't a long term solution because you 
still have to read the spam every day.  It's a helpful tool, just as 
any filtering tool is--but it's not a solution, and it won't stop the 
spammers.  If it blocks the email, then you're back to the question 
of how you get past it.  Challenge response?  Assume that anyone who 
tries again is okay?  And how you deal with commercial mail systems 
that either don't read bounces, assume that the bounce is fatal, or 
don't have a system for retrying.  So you need some kind of standard 
there.

2. It needs authentication.  Otherwise the spammers just start 
forging email more than they already do.  This is a weaker need, 
because it more clearly puts spam on the illegal side of the fence, 
and greatly reduces the chance that legit companies will spam.

P.S.  Note that I'm changing the subject line.  People have 
complained about wading through the volume, so I am hoping it will be 
helpful if people are more aggressive than usual about changing 
subjects to reflect the specific content of the message when the 
thread topic forks.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Thu Mar 13 10:17:01 2003
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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
In-reply-to: <002401c2e915$ca2a4cb0$6401a8c0@damien>
To: Damien Morton <dm-temp-310102@nyc.rr.com>,
        "'Kee Hinckley'" <nazgul@somewhere.com>, "'ASRG'" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] Proxy your address (Was: Random thought)
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Damien Morton
> Sent: Wednesday, March 12, 2003 11:06 PM
> To: 'Kee Hinckley'; 'ASRG'
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] Random thought
...
> Yeah - fundamentally, any spam solution has to be able to pass this
> test:
>
> Can I publish my email address anywhere and not expect to inundated with
> spam.
Well then do this:
1) we'll leave a 'calling card' (that looks like an email address for
scripts that check for validity) when we use mail and BBS's
(ASED232@hotmail.com) (It can be a current email address eventually, but
bare with me here...)

2) In order to send a message to me, I must approve you. This is done by
sending me your email address (and maybe a short message). I will then give
you an encoded address to use to send mail to me. The encoded address will
use an algorithm and values of my random choosing. The encoded address will
take into account your email address and my email address.

3) You can send to the encoded address where my server will apply the from:
address to the destination address, revealing your address (mailbox) for the
mail to be deposited in.

What we have here now is a way for one-to-one verification. It works well
for ICQ AIM and the rest of the services that are pretty much junk free (ICQ
screwed some stuff up early on, but I'd not mind spam email at the frequency
of ICQ junk - 3 a month and I have a 7 digit number.)

Your hashed ID can be sold, but we still have some accountability because
the From address must remain the same for the hash to hash to your mailbox.

Once verified the user can store the hashed address in their address book.
It was still easy to give out how to get in touch with me for business cards
and the like. (We can now illustratively change back from
ASED232@hotmail.com to joe@hotmail.com since you've followed me through the
example - I hope it didn't make it more complicated to follow)

If implemented today, we'd get flooded with spam requests for IDs. No one
would answer them unless a victim of social engineering. Spam would stop
after a flood of requests. The only spam to remain is resold hashes and
from: addresses which are filterable.

Comments?







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http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A17754-2003Mar12

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Thu Mar 13 11:12:49 2003
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To: "'Jason Hihn'" <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>,
        "'Kee Hinckley'" <nazgul@somewhere.com>, "'ASRG'" <asrg@ietf.org>
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> From: Jason Hihn [mailto:jhihn@paytimepayroll.com] 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of 
> > Damien Morton
> ...
> > Yeah - fundamentally, any spam solution has to be able to pass this
> > test:
> >
> > Can I publish my email address anywhere and not expect to inundated 
> > with spam.
> Well then do this:
> 1) we'll leave a 'calling card' (that looks like an email 
> address for scripts that check for validity) when we use mail 
> and BBS's
> (ASED232@hotmail.com) (It can be a current email address 
> eventually, but bare with me here...)
> 
> 2) In order to send a message to me, I must approve you. This 
> is done by sending me your email address (and maybe a short 
> message). I will then give you an encoded address to use to 
> send mail to me. The encoded address will use an algorithm 
> and values of my random choosing. The encoded address will 
> take into account your email address and my email address.

Too much trouble for me. I want to publish my email address the same way
I can publish my phone number. I _want_ individual strangers to be able
to reach me without having to jump through hurdles. Im lazy, and keeping
a whitelist is too much trouble for me, especially for my publically
available email address. I don't want spam, however.

> 3) You can send to the encoded address where my server will 
> apply the from: address to the destination address, revealing 
> your address (mailbox) for the mail to be deposited in.
> 
> What we have here now is a way for one-to-one verification. 
> It works well for ICQ AIM and the rest of the services that 
> are pretty much junk free (ICQ screwed some stuff up early 
> on, but I'd not mind spam email at the frequency of ICQ junk 
> - 3 a month and I have a 7 digit number.)
> 
> Your hashed ID can be sold, but we still have some 
> accountability because the From address must remain the same 
> for the hash to hash to your mailbox.
> 
> Once verified the user can store the hashed address in their 
> address book. It was still easy to give out how to get in 
> touch with me for business cards and the like. (We can now 
> illustratively change back from ASED232@hotmail.com to 
> joe@hotmail.com since you've followed me through the example 
> - I hope it didn't make it more complicated to follow)
> 
> If implemented today, we'd get flooded with spam requests for 
> IDs. No one would answer them unless a victim of social 
> engineering. Spam would stop after a flood of requests. The 
> only spam to remain is resold hashes and
> from: addresses which are filterable.
> 
> Comments?

Try explaining your system my 70-year old uncle who still keeps all of
his documents on his mac os desktop because folders are too complicated.
He'll just give up. Its too complicated for 99% of users of email.

Sender-pays, on the other hand, could be completely invisible to the
user, if implemented as a trading arrangement between ISPs. Think of it
like carbon-rights trading, but for email.

_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
In-reply-to: <004201c2e979$c0e2f850$6401a8c0@damien>
To: Damien Morton <dm-temp-310102@nyc.rr.com>, "'ASRG'" <asrg@ietf.org>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Damien Morton [mailto:dm-temp-310102@nyc.rr.com]
> Sent: Thursday, March 13, 2003 11:01 AM
> To: 'Jason Hihn'; 'Kee Hinckley'; 'ASRG'
> Subject: RE: Proxy your address (Was: Random thought)

....

> Try explaining your system my 70-year old uncle who still keeps all of
> his documents on his mac os desktop because folders are too complicated.
> He'll just give up. Its too complicated for 99% of users of email.

Too complicated to say that you get to approve of who gets to talk to you,
and you have to ask someone to approve to talk to them?

And it only has to be done once per person.

I'd like to be able to have this control. Maybe something to put on a wish
list.

> Sender-pays, on the other hand, could be completely invisible to the
> user, if implemented as a trading arrangement between ISPs. Think of it
> like carbon-rights trading, but for email.

I think Sender-pays would go a long way, but like everything suggested to
date, not 100%.




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To: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: [Asrg] RE: Proxy your address (Was: Random thought)
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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 13:44:02 -0500

At 11:35 AM -0500 3/13/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
>  > Try explaining your system my 70-year old uncle who still keeps all of
>>  his documents on his mac os desktop because folders are too complicated.
>>  He'll just give up. Its too complicated for 99% of users of email.
>
>Too complicated to say that you get to approve of who gets to talk to you,
>and you have to ask someone to approve to talk to them?

Well, there's the little matter of the software he has to install to 
manage all these fake addresses.  But no, the complication I assume 
Damien was referring to was on the other side.  You've made it too 
complicated to talk to someone.

I get mail from random strangers that goes:  "I liked that article 
you wrote."  Do you really think they are going to jump through all 
of these hoops in order to send me that?

What about the guy who says, "I just tried xxx you wrote, and there's 
the bug where it does such and such--here's a fix."

Challenge response systems are extremely annoying to people who are 
trying to talk to you.  They are so annoying that there is no way a 
company would use them on contact email addresses.  And as an 
individual I wouldn't get lots of messages I'd really like to get.

Ironically, there is one class of people who will wade through a 
challenge response system.  The people who really want to sell me 
something.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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--==_Exmh_-1098136358P
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On Thu, 13 Mar 2003 06:15:59 EST, you said:

> There are over 400 subscribers to this mailing list. For the most part these
> are busy individuals that signed up for a research mailing list to
> understand and contribute to solving the spam problem. They are not
> interested in scoring a debate match between two men and a sidekick.

On the flip side, I'm writing this as yet *ANOTHER* worm is crawling around
and poking port 445 all over the place.

http://isc.incidents.org/port_details.html?port=445

And there's Code Red outbreaks STILL.

I'll spell it out:  Not many of the proposals I've seen so far address the
issue of what happens once "spammer" meets up with "Outlook/IE worm" and/or
"DDOS zombie network".  The average security posture Out There is *abysmally*
low, and the machines are for the vast majority a monoculture developed
around a broken security model.  Several ideas have overlooked the concept
that the remote end could be lying to you, but almost all make the implicit
assumption that the *local* end is trustable.

And I'm not at all convinced that's true at most sites.


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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Thu Mar 13 15:12:36 2003
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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] Taking a step back (Was: Proxy your address)
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Yeah, I get emails like these too. It would be a lot of work for such a
disposable conversation.

Maybe we should devise a list of spam reducing technology and prioritize it.
My list would read:
0) Receiver Anoniminity
1) Sender verification (see note below)

Note: This should be considered different from a simple RCPT-TO check. While
easily implemented as such, it can be used to validate an address (violating
#0) IMHO RCPT-TO should not ever return an error until after the socket is
closed. Then when it goes to return an unknown mailbox error, it ends up
doing a verify of the From address. This does several things. 1) It will
prevent unnecessary error messages being sent back to a no-good address. 2)
It will slow/prevent address receiver verification.

While on the subject of recipient verification, can we do something about
embedded images in html messages? For the un-initiated: A spammer can assign
a picture (even a 1x1 transparent pixel picture) to a message. Using the
<IMG SRC="foo.php?a=jhihn@yahoo.com"> he can cause your client to load that
image. But that image is a script that quietly submits (and therefore)
verifies your email address before it sends out the image. Can we come up
with a standard that requires all images (any binary content really) to be
embedded? My preferred email client has a check box to "not load remote
images in mail", which works for me, but I fret over people whose clients
aren't so careful.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Kee
> Hinckley
> Sent: Thursday, March 13, 2003 1:44 PM
> To: Jason Hihn
> Cc: Damien Morton; 'ASRG'
> Subject: [Asrg] RE: Proxy your address (Was: Random thought)
>
>
...
>
> Well, there's the little matter of the software he has to install to
> manage all these fake addresses.  But no, the complication I assume
> Damien was referring to was on the other side.  You've made it too
> complicated to talk to someone.
>
> I get mail from random strangers that goes:  "I liked that article
> you wrote."  Do you really think they are going to jump through all
> of these hoops in order to send me that?
>
> What about the guy who says, "I just tried xxx you wrote, and there's
> the bug where it does such and such--here's a fix."
>
> Challenge response systems are extremely annoying to people who are
> trying to talk to you.  They are so annoying that there is no way a
> company would use them on contact email addresses.  And as an
> individual I wouldn't get lots of messages I'd really like to get.
>
> Ironically, there is one class of people who will wade through a
> challenge response system.  The people who really want to sell me
> something.

_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: Fred Baker <fred@cisco.com>
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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 11:59:48 -0800

At 07:13 PM 3/12/2003 -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>Well I just tried to post a research paper on spam and it got bounced as 80K
>of research is considered too much it appears.

I'm interested.  

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To: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Taking a step back (Was: Proxy your address)
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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 16:05:02 -0500

At 3:03 PM -0500 3/13/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
>verifies your email address before it sends out the image. Can we come up
>with a standard that requires all images (any binary content really) to be
>embedded? My preferred email client has a check box to "not load remote
>images in mail", which works for me, but I fret over people whose clients
>aren't so careful.

I read somewhere that the next version of Outlook was going to ship 
with that checkbox on by default.  On the downside, that means that 
companies will be sending you larger email messages.  Can't win that 
one.

In any case, email content is definitely out of the scope of this 
group.  (Which ought to rule out content filtering :-).
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Taking a step back (Was: Proxy your address) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 13 Mar 2003 15:03:58 EST."
             <NGBBLHANMLKMHPDGJGAPMEHBCEAA.jhihn@paytimepayroll.com> 
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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 16:12:53 -0500

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On Thu, 13 Mar 2003 15:03:58 EST, Jason Hihn said:

> Note: This should be considered different from a simple RCPT-TO check. While
> easily implemented as such, it can be used to validate an address (violating
> #0) IMHO RCPT-TO should not ever return an error until after the socket is
> closed. Then when it goes to return an unknown mailbox error, it ends up
> doing a verify of the From address. This does several things. 1) It will
> prevent unnecessary error messages being sent back to a no-good address. 2)
> It will slow/prevent address receiver verification.

So.. instead of giving them a '550 Piss Off' right then and there, you
go to all the effort of queueing it to disk and verifying the From:
afterwards, and then finding out that you can't double-bounce.  Really
bad if you're being spammed by 100K things in a dictionary attack...

And this is a messy situation - you have to be able to distinguish between
double-bounces that should go to the postmaster because there's a real
problem, and spammer double bounces.  Silently dropping all double
bounces is a bad idea...

> verifies your email address before it sends out the image. Can we come up
> with a standard that requires all images (any binary content really) to be
> embedded? My preferred email client has a check box to "not load remote
> images in mail", which works for me, but I fret over people whose clients
> aren't so careful.

Let's note a few things:

1) This is (as you noted) really an MUA issue.

2) There's often legitimate uses for it.  If you're at the end of a slow
link, you may very well want to download your mail w/o images, and then
select 'load images' for certain pieces of mail and not others.

3) The same spammers that don't follow RFC822 won't follow your proposed
standard either.

4) Identify the major software vendors who have issues in this area, and ask
whether they're likely to implement such a standard.

5) Making it a standard won't make people upgrade.  Only user education or
forcing an upgrade on them will do that.

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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Taking a step back (Was: Proxy your address)
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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 16:21:26 -0500
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Bah, I give up.

Looks like I'll be relying on the Bayesian spam filtering in the
just-released-today Mozilla (v1.3). So much for reclaiming band width, I'll
just route spam to /dev/null because the client makers are much more willing
to take a stab at the problem than the server admins (who ironically are
suffering more).

You (We) all are never going to make any progress at this rate. No one wants
to adopt anything. No one wants to do anything more than bitch about it. It
must not be a big enough problem then.

You're going to have to make a commitment to SOMETHING SOMETIME. Jesus,
anything is better than what we have now. If you don't want to commit to
something then stop bitching and lay in the bed you made.

I think sender verification should be started. It is easily implemented and
we can stand to have significant gains rather easily. Even if we want to use
the RCPT-TO hack in the short term.




> -----Original Message-----
> From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu [mailto:Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu]
> Sent: Thursday, March 13, 2003 4:13 PM
> To: Jason Hihn
> Cc: 'ASRG'
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Taking a step back (Was: Proxy your address)
>
>
> On Thu, 13 Mar 2003 15:03:58 EST, Jason Hihn said:
>
> > Note: This should be considered different from a simple RCPT-TO
> check. While
> > easily implemented as such, it can be used to validate an
> address (violating
> > #0) IMHO RCPT-TO should not ever return an error until after
> the socket is
> > closed. Then when it goes to return an unknown mailbox error, it ends up
> > doing a verify of the From address. This does several things. 1) It will
> > prevent unnecessary error messages being sent back to a no-good
> address. 2)
> > It will slow/prevent address receiver verification.
>
> So.. instead of giving them a '550 Piss Off' right then and there, you
> go to all the effort of queueing it to disk and verifying the From:
> afterwards, and then finding out that you can't double-bounce.  Really
> bad if you're being spammed by 100K things in a dictionary attack...
>
> And this is a messy situation - you have to be able to distinguish between
> double-bounces that should go to the postmaster because there's a real
> problem, and spammer double bounces.  Silently dropping all double
> bounces is a bad idea...
>
> > verifies your email address before it sends out the image. Can
> we come up
> > with a standard that requires all images (any binary content
> really) to be
> > embedded? My preferred email client has a check box to "not load remote
> > images in mail", which works for me, but I fret over people
> whose clients
> > aren't so careful.
>
> Let's note a few things:
>
> 1) This is (as you noted) really an MUA issue.
>
> 2) There's often legitimate uses for it.  If you're at the end of a slow
> link, you may very well want to download your mail w/o images, and then
> select 'load images' for certain pieces of mail and not others.
>
> 3) The same spammers that don't follow RFC822 won't follow your proposed
> standard either.
>
> 4) Identify the major software vendors who have issues in this
> area, and ask
> whether they're likely to implement such a standard.
>
> 5) Making it a standard won't make people upgrade.  Only user education or
> forcing an upgrade on them will do that.
>

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Thu Mar 13 16:50:52 2003
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To: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Too much of too little (Was: Taking a step back)
Cc: "'ASRG'" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 16:45:28 -0500

I believe there has been far too much discussion generally, without 
reflection and thought... and far too much has been said about 
specific applications.

The emphasis here should be on creating guiding principles... simple, 
clear, brief guiding principles... not code nor zealous defenses of 
unmeasured techniques.

Unwanted e-mail is an old problem. I see no reason that there should 
be an agreed upon solution in a week's time. I've been involved in 
the "spam problem" since Canter&Siegel and have tried to be work in 
other groups like this on, every one of which degenerated into 
application wars and semantic battles about "what is spam" and so on.

What is missing is the guiding principles, the catalog of approaches, 
carefully considered and then summarized discussion of each, and 
empirical evidence pro and con... Everyone may not agree on what 
those principles should be, but they are probably collectively 
tree-shaped and as they fork, individuals of varied opinions could at 
least determine where they stand in their beliefs and with whom, but 
would then be expected to defend those beliefs with some hard 
evidence - applications and the results of real testing and analysis.

The problem is not "spam" - someone in this mess of noise wrote a 
very good definition of what the problem is. For me, I fall back to a 
phrase from the US Supreme Court and picked up by privacy advocates: 
"The right to be left alone."

An opinion of whether some message is or is not "spam" may very from 
person to person, and individual tolerance levels may vary, thus an 
individualized solution is needed.

Yet some things, particularly high-volume, error-packed mail blasts, 
may be "spam" in the eyes of an ISP due to their impact on networks, 
thus a server-based solution is needed.

And clients and servers may only have incomplete information, so 
client-server collaborative approaches may be needed.

And some "spam" is only detectable via a worldview that no single 
server can have on its own, thus interop between servers/ISPs may be 
needed.

Will one "agreement" solve all of this? No. But neither will more 
headstrong efforts to just dive in and start writing code. The 
problem tangles social, political, economic, historical and 
technological matters. We will not fix it by jumping in and writing 
applications, nor by trying to yell the loudest.


- Jim






At 16:21 -0500 3/13/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
>Bah, I give up.
>
>Looks like I'll be relying on the Bayesian spam filtering in the
>just-released-today Mozilla (v1.3). So much for reclaiming band width, I'll
>just route spam to /dev/null because the client makers are much more willing
>to take a stab at the problem than the server admins (who ironically are
>suffering more).
>
>You (We) all are never going to make any progress at this rate. No one wants
>to adopt anything. No one wants to do anything more than bitch about it. It
>must not be a big enough problem then.
>
>You're going to have to make a commitment to SOMETHING SOMETIME. Jesus,
>anything is better than what we have now. If you don't want to commit to
>something then stop bitching and lay in the bed you made.
>
>I think sender verification should be started. It is easily implemented and
>we can stand to have significant gains rather easily. Even if we want to use
>the RCPT-TO hack in the short term.
>
>
>
>
>>  -----Original Message-----
>>  From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu [mailto:Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu]
>>  Sent: Thursday, March 13, 2003 4:13 PM
>>  To: Jason Hihn
>>  Cc: 'ASRG'
>>  Subject: Re: [Asrg] Taking a step back (Was: Proxy your address)
>>
>>
>>  On Thu, 13 Mar 2003 15:03:58 EST, Jason Hihn said:
>>
>>  > Note: This should be considered different from a simple RCPT-TO
>>  check. While
>>  > easily implemented as such, it can be used to validate an
>>  address (violating
>>  > #0) IMHO RCPT-TO should not ever return an error until after
>>  the socket is
>>  > closed. Then when it goes to return an unknown mailbox error, it ends up
>  > > doing a verify of the From address. This does several things. 1) It will
>>  > prevent unnecessary error messages being sent back to a no-good
>>  address. 2)
>>  > It will slow/prevent address receiver verification.
>>
>>  So.. instead of giving them a '550 Piss Off' right then and there, you
>>  go to all the effort of queueing it to disk and verifying the From:
>>  afterwards, and then finding out that you can't double-bounce.  Really
>>  bad if you're being spammed by 100K things in a dictionary attack...
>>
>>  And this is a messy situation - you have to be able to distinguish between
>>  double-bounces that should go to the postmaster because there's a real
>>  problem, and spammer double bounces.  Silently dropping all double
>>  bounces is a bad idea...
>>
>>  > verifies your email address before it sends out the image. Can
>>  we come up
>>  > with a standard that requires all images (any binary content
>>  really) to be
>>  > embedded? My preferred email client has a check box to "not load remote
>>  > images in mail", which works for me, but I fret over people
>>  whose clients
>>  > aren't so careful.
>>
>>  Let's note a few things:
>>
>>  1) This is (as you noted) really an MUA issue.
>>
>>  2) There's often legitimate uses for it.  If you're at the end of a slow
>>  link, you may very well want to download your mail w/o images, and then
>>  select 'load images' for certain pieces of mail and not others.
>>
>>  3) The same spammers that don't follow RFC822 won't follow your proposed
>>  standard either.
>>
>>  4) Identify the major software vendors who have issues in this
>>  area, and ask
>>  whether they're likely to implement such a standard.
>>
>>  5) Making it a standard won't make people upgrade.  Only user education or
>>  forcing an upgrade on them will do that.
>>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Too much of too little (Was: Taking a step back)
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A very well written and accurate piece.

I like the idea of consolidating theories and proposals and the pros and
cons.

Though as a developer, I don't share in your view that we shouldn't jump in
and just start coding. I think talk is cheap and action is actually worth
something. (Though, I don't think it needs to be said that the coding effort
should be haphazard and wasted)

What I would like to see is an implementation test bed, where we all develop
and try to be spammers and  break each other's implementations. A place
where we can turn theory into fact.

You are right that one agreement won't solve it. But we have yet to agree on
any one thing. I can't get everyone to agree that sender verification should
be required. I see it as a no-brainer, fundamental starting point. I (and I
think everyone else does too) want to be left alone from senders that don't
exist.

Ultimately, I think the network should guarantee that what we get is a
'valid' (yes, yet to be formally defined) communication. Once delivered, the
user will ultimately be responsible for determining it's spammness (client
filters).



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jim Youll [mailto:jim@media.mit.edu]
> Sent: Thursday, March 13, 2003 4:45 PM
> To: Jason Hihn; Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
> Cc: 'ASRG'
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] Too much of too little (Was: Taking a step back)
>
>
> I believe there has been far too much discussion generally, without
> reflection and thought... and far too much has been said about
> specific applications.
>
> The emphasis here should be on creating guiding principles... simple,
> clear, brief guiding principles... not code nor zealous defenses of
> unmeasured techniques.
>
> Unwanted e-mail is an old problem. I see no reason that there should
> be an agreed upon solution in a week's time. I've been involved in
> the "spam problem" since Canter&Siegel and have tried to be work in
> other groups like this on, every one of which degenerated into
> application wars and semantic battles about "what is spam" and so on.
>
> What is missing is the guiding principles, the catalog of approaches,
> carefully considered and then summarized discussion of each, and
> empirical evidence pro and con... Everyone may not agree on what
> those principles should be, but they are probably collectively
> tree-shaped and as they fork, individuals of varied opinions could at
> least determine where they stand in their beliefs and with whom, but
> would then be expected to defend those beliefs with some hard
> evidence - applications and the results of real testing and analysis.
>
> The problem is not "spam" - someone in this mess of noise wrote a
> very good definition of what the problem is. For me, I fall back to a
> phrase from the US Supreme Court and picked up by privacy advocates:
> "The right to be left alone."
>
> An opinion of whether some message is or is not "spam" may very from
> person to person, and individual tolerance levels may vary, thus an
> individualized solution is needed.
>
> Yet some things, particularly high-volume, error-packed mail blasts,
> may be "spam" in the eyes of an ISP due to their impact on networks,
> thus a server-based solution is needed.
>
> And clients and servers may only have incomplete information, so
> client-server collaborative approaches may be needed.
>
> And some "spam" is only detectable via a worldview that no single
> server can have on its own, thus interop between servers/ISPs may be
> needed.
>
> Will one "agreement" solve all of this? No. But neither will more
> headstrong efforts to just dive in and start writing code. The
> problem tangles social, political, economic, historical and
> technological matters. We will not fix it by jumping in and writing
> applications, nor by trying to yell the loudest.
>
>
> - Jim

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From: Wilson Roberto Afonso <wilson@netwhatever.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: False positives (was Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX Records)
Organization: Not much
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On Sat, 8 Mar 2003 14:23:51 -0500
Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:

> At 10:53 AM -0500 3/8/03, Eric S. Johansson wrote:
> >classic challenge response systems have a serious problem if the 
> >center of the message is a robot.  For example, you purchase 
> >something on the net, you get
> 
> They also have another problem I haven't seen addressed.  People are 
> talking about Turing-test type challenges to prove you are human.  So 
> far all the ones I've seen proposed require that you can see.  They 
> will not pass federal requirements in the U.S. as they currently 
> stand.  And if they get widely deployed outside of the federal arena 
> you are certain to see accessibility lawsuits.  Solveable perhaps by 
> including both visual and audio prompts, but someone should start 
> thinking about it now.

I'm a lagging behind on the traffic of this list, but I thought I'd
comment on this.  A while ago I implemented a system like this for a
website where we had a problem with software robots.  It was your usual
"fuzzy image with text" system (we had to play with it a little bit to
make it OCR-resistent without making it unreadable).  We did get a few
complaints from blind users who were being shut out of the site, so I
did the sensible thing: I added a link saying "click here to listen to
the challenge" an generated a "fuzzy" sound file with the same
information that is in the image.  It was not particularly hard to do, I
just had to research a little bit on sound file formats.

So, it is not an intractable problem.  It just has to be done right.

-Wilson
-- 
Wilson Roberto Afonso                           wilson@netwhatever.com
http://www.netwhatever.com
GCS d- s: a C++ UBL++++$ P++ L++++ W++ N+(++) o+ K++ w !E !O M V- PS++ PE++
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] note to the chair
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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 17:25:25 -0800 (PST)

Even better would be to just make the archives of this list actually
available.

The link to the archives at https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
doesn't work...

--- Fred Baker <fred@cisco.com> wrote:
> I would urge you to separate this list into two:
> 
> 	asrg-research@ietf.org
> 	asrg-rant@ietf.org
> 
> I find it a heck of a lot to wade through to find the research.

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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Economic model is borken. (sic.) Let's fix it 
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Vernon Schryver said:

> If adding some headers and having filters operate on those is so
> trivial, then why is it that most legitimate bulk mail still does not
> contain RFC 2919 and RFC 2369 headers?  RFC 2369 is 5 years old.

Yes!  Legit bulk mailers should really try to generate
standards-compliant messages; it'd really help them avoid
becoming filter false-positives.  (I'd say most content filters,
even bayes ones that read the headers, are likely to run into
this problem.)

Good indication, BTW, that any technical solution we come
up with here, may take a long time to get into legit
bulk mail systems... :(

> The most reliable RFC 2822 header indication of bulk mail is the
> absense of a Message-ID header.

And, sadly, where it occurs in non-spam mail, it's a
good indicator that it's sent by a legit,
mainstream large-scale bulk mailer. :(

--j.
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Subject: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 21:34:18 -0500 (EST)

This forum has been pretty depressing, actually. :-(

I have a few thoughts about the spam problem after reading the postings.

1) Time is of the essence

If Alan DeKok and Chris Lewis's domains are harbingers of things to
come, we really need to act fast.  Some of the protocol proposals on
this forum will take years, if not decades, to become widely-used
enough to have any effect.  If spam increases to "striker" levels, the
'Net will collapse before then.

Perversely, the spammers have given Alan DeKok an awesomely-powerful
weapon: With a few edits of his DNS zone file, he can direct a
powerful DDoS attack at the server of his choosing.  Perhaps rotating
this traffic among various government mail servers will convince
lawmakers there's a problem.  (They'll probably pass legislation making
redirection of mail to servers outside your control a felony.)

2) Legislation is needed, soon

Technology alone won't solve this problem.  Laws with real teeth are required.
However, I'm not holding my breath.

3) In the mean time, we must do whatever we can to force behavior on
spammers

Filtering works -- for now.  DCC works -- for now.  But both are easily
defeated.  The DCC fuzzy checksum, for example, is an astonishing piece
of work, and I can't imagine how many hours of development and testing
went into it.  Unfortunately, the effort required to defeat it is no more
than half an hour of a creative person's time.  Similar comments apply
to Razor, content-filtering and Bayesian analysis.  Even Razor's
clever (but not very scalable) "Ephemeral Signatures" can be defeated
with appropriate message mutations (left as an exercise for the reader.)

There is exactly one piece of information the spammer cannot control:
The reply code returned by the victim's mail server.  In spite of some
postings, I believe that spam runs contain many invalid addresses
(which other postings seem to confirm), and a clearing house mapping
number of bad destination addresses to source IP address would be
useful.  Again, in spite of some postings, storing this information is
no more difficult than storing the information already kept in DCC or
Razor.

The spammer can control the source IP address of his spam, but is
much more constrained.  Whereas the number of purported source e-mail
addresses is practically unlimited, as is the number of possible message
mutations, the number of possible source IP addresses is probably quite
small, in the millions at most.

So I see the only way forward as a combination of filtering, distributed
data-gathering and reporting, DNS-based blacklists, silly tricks like
tempfailing first-time senders, and so on.  All the proposals for
authentication, and the complex schemes for new mail protocols, are,
I believe, missing the point.  In the early days of the Internet,
everyone changed from NCP to TCP, because the Internet was small enough
that everyone went along.  Today, the Internet is too big to force a major
protocol change on everyone.  (Just look at the adoption rate of IPv6.)

Depressing.

--
David.

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On Wednesday, Mar 12, 2003, at 20:57 US/Eastern, David F. Skoll wrote:
> I do not use shrinkwrap Microsoft code on any computer I run, because
> I don't trust it any more than I'd trust the handful of .exe's from
> random people that my mail filter blocks each day.

A wise move; see
<URL:http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/MS01-017.asp>.

Now, anyone still want to trust code signing?


mathew

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On Thursday, Mar 13, 2003, at 08:38 US/Eastern, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> On Thursday, Mar 13, 2003, at 02:16 Europe/London, mathew wrote:
>> And the asshat system administrators who leave their systems as open 
>> relays will get a "slashdot effect" of spam, as 100,000 spam victims 
>> call to collect the sales pitch, saturating the open relay machine's 
>> network connection and maybe even taking it down.  Chances are, most 
>> of the victims' machines will be unable to get through, and so the 
>> spam won't appear to those people.
>
> Why wouldn't the spammer do what he does now, and deposit his email on 
> 1000 open relays, making it only 100 connections to the victim's 
> machine (which just looks like a prolific poster)?

Well, if he can get a list of that many open relays, yes he can do it. 
However, this system can be used in association with open relay 
blocklists, and in practice it would need to be. The advantage over 
what we have today is that it vastly narrows the window of opportunity 
for the spammer.

Today, you connect, send 100,000 spams, and vanish. If the machine you 
used as an open relay gets added to the blocklist, you don't care, 
'cause the spam was already sent.

With reader-fetch, if the open relay gets blocked before I next check 
my mail, I never see the spam.

This brings in the interesting tradeoff that you could reduce the 
amount of spam by making e-mail slower. Some people would still check 
mail every 5 minutes, and would get more spam that way. I'd come home 
from work and log in, and a lot of the spam would already have been 
blocked during the day by diligent sysadmins.

There's also the filtering factor--if you narrow the field to spammers 
who can find 1,000 open relays, you've already filtered out all but the 
most dedicated spammers. I mean, a lot of the spam I get is from people 
who can't work out how to send HTML e-mail...


mathew

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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 23:45:26 -0800 (PST)

Well, at least this one works:

https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/index.html

--- cipherbk <cipherbk@yahoo.com> wrote:
> Even better would be to just make the archives of this list actually
> available.
> 
> The link to the archives at
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> doesn't work...
> 
> --- Fred Baker <fred@cisco.com> wrote:
> > I would urge you to separate this list into two:
> > 
> > 	asrg-research@ietf.org
> > 	asrg-rant@ietf.org
> > 
> > I find it a heck of a lot to wade through to find the research.
> 
> __________________________________________________
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On Friday, Mar 14, 2003, at 03:42 Europe/London, mathew wrote:

> There's also the filtering factor--if you narrow the field to spammers 
> who can find 1,000 open relays, you've already filtered out all but 
> the most dedicated spammers.

I don't think that's true. Most of the ratware available now comes with 
a service that automatically provides you with thousands of open 
proxies through which to send your crap. It downloads the list of 
proxies automatically from the ratware's web site (yes they do get shut 
down, but they pop up again later somewhere).

Matt.

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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 10:05:01 +0000
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On Friday, Mar 14, 2003, at 02:34 Europe/London, David F. Skoll wrote:

> 2) Legislation is needed, soon
>
> Technology alone won't solve this problem.  Laws with real teeth are 
> required.
> However, I'm not holding my breath.

I have strong hopes for the FTC spam workshop to make some inroads into 
this. Anyone else attending?

Matt.

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To: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums 
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 00:39:03 -0800 (PST)

Actually one of my notes was exactly on this issue. I concuded that the
best is to use local filters and separate attachments (such as .exe, .scr, 
.bat, etc) from the email and deliver email to recepient without an 
attachment but include a instead a note/attachment that it was present  
with information on how attachment can be downloaded from the local ISP
server - possibly by using IMAP server with IMAP url indicating exactly 
what message to get from the server. This saves time for users when 
receiving email over slow connection (dialup) and for well-known viruses, 
the users would not even try to download it (plus checking email for 
viruses on common IMAP server is easier setup for ISP, since many use unix 
servers for mail delivery but most antiviruses run from windows platforms)
(To be fair - this idea came when I was reading somebody elses proposal on 
delivering not the email itself but a link where it can be picked up at 
the sender's server by IMAP - similar concept to sending user to read 
email on the website)

Additional thoughts on the issues included on how to verify that email is 
"virus free" and has been checked by anti-virus by the sender by using 
special certificate generated (automaticly) by antivirus based on content 
of email (simple hash) and based on its own certificate - that anti-virus 
certificate can of course be checked on antivirus website, so it creates 
fairly good trust system.

Now the above not address your point that local end can not always be trusted
and email-only hoaxes can still propogate just fine, but it addresses 
larger problem of security & viruses that get sent through email.

On Thu, 13 Mar 2003 Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:

> On Thu, 13 Mar 2003 06:15:59 EST, you said:
> 
> > There are over 400 subscribers to this mailing list. For the most part these
> > are busy individuals that signed up for a research mailing list to
> > understand and contribute to solving the spam problem. They are not
> > interested in scoring a debate match between two men and a sidekick.
> 
> On the flip side, I'm writing this as yet *ANOTHER* worm is crawling around
> and poking port 445 all over the place.
> 
> http://isc.incidents.org/port_details.html?port=445
> 
> And there's Code Red outbreaks STILL.
> 
> I'll spell it out:  Not many of the proposals I've seen so far address the
> issue of what happens once "spammer" meets up with "Outlook/IE worm" and/or
> "DDOS zombie network".  The average security posture Out There is *abysmally*
> low, and the machines are for the vast majority a monoculture developed
> around a broken security model.  Several ideas have overlooked the concept
> that the remote end could be lying to you, but almost all make the implicit
> assumption that the *local* end is trustable.
> 
> And I'm not at all convinced that's true at most sites.
> 
> 

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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 00:58:31 -0800 (PST)

The forum is not depressing, what is depressing is the fact that many want 
to see a solution but all have different thoughts on what it should be and 
none are probably correct (damn, I think I'm depressed now as well...)

Now I'll not comment on legislation (I personally do not think it'll help 
unless its global) and as a geek I prefer to focus on things technical or
fantastic (like solution to spam :) ...

I think as far as technical part we need to do the following:
 1. Good classification of possible solutions and proposals with all pros 
    and cons clearly listed (I'm attempting to do so now with my notes)
 2. Separate solutions into two threads
  a) solutions that can be done fairly quickly (1-2 years to adaption) to 
     partially control spam
  b) solutions that need more extensive changes and will take long time 
     to adapt but have a lot better chance of actually stopping spam

BOTH should be done at the same time, 2nd one will take longer to adapt 
but by the time solution(s) a) begin to fail we should be ready with at 
least some adaption for b). And yes, it may take 4-10 years for long-term 
solutions to become mainstream depending on how much change they require.

And I personally would prefer b) to actually be new Unified Messaging 
protocol to combine mail/news/im. The reason is that its adaption will 
depend not only on how well it'll stop spam but if it offers other 
benefits and the more benefits it offers, the better and easier it is to 
push it through. Besides new mail protocol would go just in time for new 
ip protocol (I'm curious how many email messages actually come through 
ipv6 and if there is anyone on this list who's doing it regularly, 
please respond if you do).

Hope it helps (though I'm depressed myself now...)

William

On Thu, 13 Mar 2003, David F. Skoll wrote:

> This forum has been pretty depressing, actually. :-(
> 
> I have a few thoughts about the spam problem after reading the postings.
> 
> 1) Time is of the essence
> 
> If Alan DeKok and Chris Lewis's domains are harbingers of things to
> come, we really need to act fast.  Some of the protocol proposals on
> this forum will take years, if not decades, to become widely-used
> enough to have any effect.  If spam increases to "striker" levels, the
> 'Net will collapse before then.
> 
> Perversely, the spammers have given Alan DeKok an awesomely-powerful
> weapon: With a few edits of his DNS zone file, he can direct a
> powerful DDoS attack at the server of his choosing.  Perhaps rotating
> this traffic among various government mail servers will convince
> lawmakers there's a problem.  (They'll probably pass legislation making
> redirection of mail to servers outside your control a felony.)
> 
> 2) Legislation is needed, soon
> 
> Technology alone won't solve this problem.  Laws with real teeth are required.
> However, I'm not holding my breath.
> 
> 3) In the mean time, we must do whatever we can to force behavior on
> spammers
> 
> Filtering works -- for now.  DCC works -- for now.  But both are easily
> defeated.  The DCC fuzzy checksum, for example, is an astonishing piece
> of work, and I can't imagine how many hours of development and testing
> went into it.  Unfortunately, the effort required to defeat it is no more
> than half an hour of a creative person's time.  Similar comments apply
> to Razor, content-filtering and Bayesian analysis.  Even Razor's
> clever (but not very scalable) "Ephemeral Signatures" can be defeated
> with appropriate message mutations (left as an exercise for the reader.)
> 
> There is exactly one piece of information the spammer cannot control:
> The reply code returned by the victim's mail server.  In spite of some
> postings, I believe that spam runs contain many invalid addresses
> (which other postings seem to confirm), and a clearing house mapping
> number of bad destination addresses to source IP address would be
> useful.  Again, in spite of some postings, storing this information is
> no more difficult than storing the information already kept in DCC or
> Razor.
> 
> The spammer can control the source IP address of his spam, but is
> much more constrained.  Whereas the number of purported source e-mail
> addresses is practically unlimited, as is the number of possible message
> mutations, the number of possible source IP addresses is probably quite
> small, in the millions at most.
> 
> So I see the only way forward as a combination of filtering, distributed
> data-gathering and reporting, DNS-based blacklists, silly tricks like
> tempfailing first-time senders, and so on.  All the proposals for
> authentication, and the complex schemes for new mail protocols, are,
> I believe, missing the point.  In the early days of the Internet,
> everyone changed from NCP to TCP, because the Internet was small enough
> that everyone went along.  Today, the Internet is too big to force a major
> protocol change on everyone.  (Just look at the adoption rate of IPv6.)
> 
> Depressing.
> 
> --
> David.
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

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On Fri, 14 Mar 2003 00:39:03 PST, william@elan.net said:

> Additional thoughts on the issues included on how to verify that email is 
> "virus free" and has been checked by anti-virus by the sender by using 
> special certificate generated (automaticly) by antivirus based on content 
> of email (simple hash) and based on its own certificate - that anti-virus 
> certificate can of course be checked on antivirus website, so it creates 
> fairly good trust system.

Just remember that this check done *by the sender* is close to useless:

1) As written, it doesn't contain any verification that a *current* template
of signatures was used - I've actually gotten mail that was stamped "this
mail certified virus-free by LlamaWare 1.2" and contained a virus anyhow,
because it's signature database was *literally* 2.5 years out of date.

2) Either the sending system has a virus, or it doesn't.  If it doesn't,
it doesn't matter if it got scanned.  If it does, I have no guarantee that
said scanner hasn't been fooled by a rootkit.

3) Now imagine a virus that injects itself and then forges a "virus free"
signature for itself (remember - if the virus scanner has enough info to
generate a cert, any malware that gets loose on that machine has enough info
to forge the same cert).

Now, to be fair, the outdated signature issue and the rootkit issue both
*DO* also apply at the local end.  On the other hand,  the local end is
under my control (well.. OK.. the guy in the next cube over ;) so I can
make informed decisions regarding whether to trust its opinions...


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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 09:33:44 -0500
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of David
> F. Skoll
> Sent: Thursday, March 13, 2003 9:34 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
>
>
> This forum has been pretty depressing, actually. :-(
>
> I have a few thoughts about the spam problem after reading the postings.
>
> 1) Time is of the essence
>
> If Alan DeKok and Chris Lewis's domains are harbingers of things to
> come, we really need to act fast.  Some of the protocol proposals on
> this forum will take years, if not decades, to become widely-used
> enough to have any effect.  If spam increases to "striker" levels, the
> 'Net will collapse before then.
>
> Perversely, the spammers have given Alan DeKok an awesomely-powerful
> weapon: With a few edits of his DNS zone file, he can direct a
> powerful DDoS attack at the server of his choosing.  Perhaps rotating
> this traffic among various government mail servers will convince
> lawmakers there's a problem.  (They'll probably pass legislation making
> redirection of mail to servers outside your control a felony.)
>
> 2) Legislation is needed, soon
>
> Technology alone won't solve this problem.  Laws with real teeth
> are required.
> However, I'm not holding my breath.

It's technology's problem. Tech created it, tech will have to fix it. As
long as it is technically possible to do, you can bet we'll have it. We are
going to have to replace the email delivery system sometime.

> 3) In the mean time, we must do whatever we can to force behavior on
> spammers
>
> Filtering works -- for now.  DCC works -- for now.  But both are easily
> defeated.  The DCC fuzzy checksum, for example, is an astonishing piece
> of work, and I can't imagine how many hours of development and testing
> went into it.  Unfortunately, the effort required to defeat it is no more
> than half an hour of a creative person's time.  Similar comments apply
> to Razor, content-filtering and Bayesian analysis.  Even Razor's
> clever (but not very scalable) "Ephemeral Signatures" can be defeated
> with appropriate message mutations (left as an exercise for the reader.)

Filtering works now, and is immediate. No one (even close to a mesuarble
percentage uses it) Plus it only hides the problem. The bandwidth is still
wasted. Not enough email clients do a good enough job. Maybe we need a
intermediate peice that will filter it on the server before the client pics
it up? But it'd have to be under user control. Defaulting to on I think
would be ok.

Filtering can buy us time though, and I think we should only see it as a way
to buy time and not as an end.


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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 14:45:39 +0000
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On Friday, Mar 14, 2003, at 13:56 Europe/London, 
Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:

> 1) As written, it doesn't contain any verification that a *current* 
> template
> of signatures was used - I've actually gotten mail that was stamped 
> "this
> mail certified virus-free by LlamaWare 1.2" and contained a virus 
> anyhow,
> because it's signature database was *literally* 2.5 years out of date.
>
> 2) Either the sending system has a virus, or it doesn't.  If it 
> doesn't,
> it doesn't matter if it got scanned.  If it does, I have no guarantee 
> that
> said scanner hasn't been fooled by a rootkit.
>
> 3) Now imagine a virus that injects itself and then forges a "virus 
> free"
> signature for itself (remember - if the virus scanner has enough info 
> to
> generate a cert, any malware that gets loose on that machine has 
> enough info
> to forge the same cert).

4) there's a window of opportunity between the virus coming out and the 
signature being created.

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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 09:08:25 -0500

At 10:42 PM -0500 3/13/03, mathew wrote:
>Today, you connect, send 100,000 spams, and vanish. If the machine 
>you used as an open relay gets added to the blocklist, you don't 
>care, 'cause the spam was already sent.

This assumes that a) open relays get added to the list and are 
blocked within a day and b) that people can safely use open relay 
blacklists without false positives.

It seems to me that if those two things were true, then everyone 
would be using open-relay RBLs now.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] The proposal to end all proposals ;-)
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I'm thinking that we need to proceed in a slightly different way.

We can focus on filters on the short term because they have immediate
effect. That should buy us some time for us to get a better protocol
implemented.

I think we also have the option of taking ALL proposals and running with
them at once. All we need is an interop spec that will allow the receiving
server to dictate how mail is delivered to it. This would have the effect of
de-universalizing spam methods. Even though there are a variety of SMTP spam
techniques, they all fall under SMTP. If we have some servers that use
verification, while other use certs, other use some hash hand shake, and
other may use dcc, etc. we raise the barrier to entry for spamming while
giving each method a chance to 'do it's thing' and compete (and thrive if it
does well). Eventually we'll be able to see which ones work best.

SMTP is a protocol that not only tells how you get in the door, but it also
takes you through the door. I'd like to separate that out and come up with a
meta transfer protocol if at all possible. It'll enumerate the accepted
methods for delivery, and how to do them.

True, this will complicate things for everyone, but in the end the spammers
will suffer the most. Admins should be able to handle the complexity of what
I'm suggesting rather easily. We may very well come up with a super server
what supports every variation of mail delivery protocol known to man, and
have the receiver use only the 'best' few. For now {SMPT; sender validation;
DCC} would be the accepted list. The goal here is to eliminate SMTP, and
maybe add more advanced protocols. This would allow interop and
experimentation on the living 'net.

I imagine an FTP like system where control goes over a connection, and data
over the other. Once the receiver is satisfied on the control connection, he
can start reading from the data socket. Also, the control connection could
be a daemon that proxies out delivery daemons. That probably made no sense,
so here it goes: A control daemon runs. Also running is an SMTP and DCC
daemon. The control daemon does his thing and then when it comes time to do
the actual data transfer, we can have it hand-off to the running daemon.
This would make transfer daemons plug-able at runtime and eliminate the need
for a server-all-in-one server implementation.

What this does is makes the spammer have to craft his methods for each mail
server, and each technique. Hopefully he can't be everything at once.

The control daemon should negotiate the preferred method of transfer. For
now, this is good ol' SMTP. But people who want to eliminate spam can run
whatever type daemon they want and if the receiver supports it, and use that
protocol. Eventually (5 years, 10 years, whenever) we can drop SMTP once
we've seen what each system does to the flow of spam. The market will be
able to decide what is best, rather than those with the loudest marketing
teams.

This allows slow adopters to interop while those motivated to kill spam can
do something. Then they can peer pressure everyone else into dropping SMTP.

In the short term, we need only to push to have this daemon running.
Hopefully this is one area where fragmentation can be put to good use. The
admin can run 1, 3, or 20 mail delivery systems.

Here's one issue I see. Spammers will be able to adjust their 'attacks' to
exploit the negotiated method. Solution: keep inventing new methods (or
adjusting the current one if there's room) until we stumble across the right
one(s). Right now this is unheard of because SMTP is hard-wired in, but it
doesn't have to be ;-)

Here's the other issue: If spammers are given a choice they will negotiate
to the easiest method for them to use. We need some sort of penalty for not
using the preferred method. Maybe a tar-pit(s)? (Tar proxy the non-preferred
daemons)

Comments?

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] DCC and IP checksums 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 14 Mar 2003 14:45:39 GMT."
             <A008FE80-562B-11D7-B5D3-0003939CB5D8@startechgroup.co.uk> 
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 10:04:21 -0500

--==_Exmh_-775418452P
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

On Fri, 14 Mar 2003 14:45:39 GMT, Matt Sergeant said:
> 
> > 1) As written, it doesn't contain any verification that a *current*  template
> > of signatures was used - I've actually gotten mail that was stamped "this
> > mail certified virus-free by LlamaWare 1.2" and contained a virus anyhow,
> > because it's signature database was *literally* 2.5 years out of date.

> 4) there's a window of opportunity between the virus coming out and the 
> signature being created.

How is that different than my (1)?  I was using an extreme example of years,
but as we all know, sometimes it's out of date by only hours. It doesn't make
much difference whether you've failed to download a template or the vendor
hasn't posted one - if your template doesn't have the signature for an already
existing virus, it's non-current. ;)


--==_Exmh_-775418452P
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To: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 10:20:03 -0500

At 9:33 AM -0500 3/14/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
>Filtering works now, and is immediate. No one (even close to a mesuarble
>percentage uses it) Plus it only hides the problem. The bandwidth is still

It's more widespread than you think--you just don't see it.  All AOL 
and MSN users use filtering, even if they don't know it.  On the 
desktop all the major email clients either already have builtin 
Bayesian filtering, or will in their next release.

>Filtering can buy us time though, and I think we should only see it as a way
>to buy time and not as an end.

Agreed.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 10:48:08 -0500 (EST)

On Fri, 14 Mar 2003, Jason Hihn wrote:

> > Technology alone won't solve this problem.  Laws with real teeth
> > are required.
> > However, I'm not holding my breath.

> It's technology's problem. Tech created it, tech will have to fix it.

I don't agree.  It's a social and economic problem as much as a
technological problem.

> As long as it is technically possible to do, you can bet we'll have
> it. We are going to have to replace the email delivery system
> sometime.

We don't have the luxury of waiting.  Changing from NCP to TCP when
the Internet had under 1,000 hosts was easy.  Changing a major
protocol on today's Internet is well-nigh impossible.

> Filtering works now, and is immediate. No one (even close to a mesuarble
> percentage uses it) Plus it only hides the problem. The bandwidth is still
> wasted. Not enough email clients do a good enough job. Maybe we need a
> intermediate peice that will filter it on the server before the client pics
> it up?

That's what our software does.  (End-user-controlled server-side
filtering.)

> But it'd have to be under user control.

Yes.

> Filtering can buy us time though, and I think we should only see it as a way
> to buy time and not as an end.

Filtering will always be useful because there are other reasons to want
to filter e-mail besides stopping spam.

--
David.

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200303141646.h2EGkLKW007680@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 09:46:21 -0700 (MST)

> >Filtering works now, and is immediate. No one (even close to a mesuarble
> >percentage uses it) Plus it only hides the problem. The bandwidth is still
>
> It's more widespread than you think--you just don't see it.  All AOL 
> and MSN users use filtering, even if they don't know it.  On the 
> desktop all the major email clients either already have builtin 
> Bayesian filtering, or will in their next release.
>
> >Filtering can buy us time though, and I think we should only see it as a way
> >to buy time and not as an end.

That pair of messages demonstrates a need for better terminology,
because I suspect that "filter" is used in two ways in the two messages
and that both of which are as misleading as the use of "forged" by
others to mean "sender has not yet jumped through my confirmation
hoop." Both uses of "filter" conflict with the historic technical and
non-technical meaning of "filter" as anything that removes some of a
stream.  Some messages sent to this list have used "filter" to include
and others have intended it to exclude checksumming mechanisms.  Some
people would say that looking for good or bad domain names among SMTP
headers is "filtering," while others disagree and say it has something
to do with "detecting forgery."

The confusion in "filter" is shown by the fact that many of the people
who distinguish "filter" from "DNS blacklist" (or "blocklist") consider
SpamAssassin a "filter" although it can use DNS blacklists.


I'd like to see definitions and to-be-determined ("TBD") words
something like these:

   TBD1 (address mismatch?): envelope and/or header values that are
     inconsistent or apparently contradictory, such as mismatches
     between From and Reply-To headers or between envelope Mail_From
     domain names and SMTP client IP address reverse DNS names.  Some
     uses of TBD1 are necessary and desirable.

   forged:  envelope or header values involving forgery and that are
     fraudulently intended to evade filters or confuse mail recipients.
     Header or envelope forgery involves false and fraudulent TBD1.

   filter:  any mechanism that filters or rejects or discards mail 
     whether based on IP addresses, envelope values, header absence,
     presence or values, words, punctuation, or other patterns in STMP
     bodies, STMP authentication mechanims, time of day, or anything
     else.

   TBD2 (word filter?): a particular kind of filter that involves
     detecting patterns of words or punctuation in message bodies.

   TBD3: ("content filter"? perhaps covered by TBD3) a particular sort
     of filter that attempts to characterize messages by checksums or
     semantic content.

   Bayesian filter: any of many mechanisms often unrelated to Bayesian
      statistics that involve detecting or count words in the body
      and sometimes headers of the message.  Bayesian filters are a
      special type of TBD2.

   TBD4 (address or domain filter?): a particular kind of filter that
     detects client IP addresses or domain names.  "Blocklist" and
     "blacklist" are commonly used for this notion.  Many people think
     that DNS mechanisms must be involved, but others include local
     lists such as the sendmail access_DB.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 08:18:16 -0800 (PST)


> At 12:39 AM -0800 3/14/03, william@elan.net wrote:
> >Actually one of my notes was exactly on this issue. I concuded that the
> >best is to use local filters and separate attachments (such as .exe, .scr,
> >.bat, etc) from the email and deliver email to recepient without an
> >attachment but include a instead a note/attachment that it was present 
> >with information on how attachment can be downloaded from the local ISP
> >server - possibly by using IMAP server with IMAP url indicating exactly
> >what message to get from the server. This saves time for users when
> >receiving email over slow connection (dialup) and for well-known viruses,
> >the users would not even try to download it (plus checking email for
> >viruses on common IMAP server is easier setup for ISP, since many use unix
> >servers for mail delivery but most antiviruses run from windows platforms)
> 
> 1. This breaks HTML email (unless you were planning on guessing which 
> attachments are currently "safe" and then checking them to see what 
> they say they are--in which case you might as well just check for 
> viruses).
As I said - only some attachments like .exe would not be delivered, rest are.

> 2. This actually makes life worse for the dialup user in the 
> non-virus case.  Dialup.  Fetch mail.  Disconnect.  Try to read mail. 
> Reconnect.  Fetch attachment.
I doubt you receive too many legitimate .exe attachments. I does happen, 
but its really rare.

> 3. While this would protect from auto-executing attachments, I fail 
> to see why the user that opens a questionable attachment is going to 
> be any less likely to download it.
That depends how smart user is. Most virus emails are detectable by content
I for one, never got my system infected so far. And having message that 
attachment is not delivered by needs to be picked up will make them more 
suspicious.
 
> 4. You lost me on the windows/unix problem there.  First of all, most 
> major anti-virus vendors *do* offer Unix versions of their 
> software--they know what platforms are used to deliver email. 
Not really. They do offer software that can be used on unix servers but 
usually acual core of the antivirus still runs on windows.  And most offer 
software that works just like I describe - it checks mailboxes by using 
POP3 or IMAP.

> Secondly, if the IMAP server can run Windows, so can the POP server. 
Yes, so? It'll still be easier to scan particular "attachment" folder.

> But in any case, unless you are going to install custom MUA software 
> on all clients, you're going to have to use an HTTP server to handle 
> downloads.  And people aren't very good at managing downloaded files. 
> Not to mention that once it's downloaded, you just bypassed what 
> minimal security efforts the email program would have provided to 
> keep you from executing it.
Again read above - they will see warning that this is executable program 
and hopefully think about it. It is better than situation availalble right 
now. But it still relies on people being smart enough to see that they do 
not need this attachment and it is a fake (unless antivirus cought it in 
time).

> 5. If you're going to install custom software to deal with 
> attachments--why not just install anti-virus software and be done 
> with it? (Actually, the reason most vendors don't is that it's not 
> cheap, and the way the licensing works with some anti-virus vendors 
> it's possible that a burst of email will cause you to overshoot your 
> licensing requirements and suddenly you won't be able to process any 
> email at all.) 
The above would not be a problem when attachements are located in separate 
folder. The antivirus can have limit on how many attachemnts are checked 
per given time and do best it can. Not impossible that some would not be 
processed in time before attachment is downloaded but most would be.

> Those costs need to be passed on to the end-user. 
> And since the end-user has already been told a million times that 
> they need to install anti-virus software, and since email isn't the 
> only way to get viruses....  Let them do it.) 
The main problem is that too many do not do it which causes headaches for 
service providers which end up thinking on how to check email on their 
end. The reason why some do it is to mimimize their support cost.

> 



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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 08:37:12 -0800 (PST)

> On Fri, 14 Mar 2003 00:39:03 PST, william@elan.net said:
> 
> > Additional thoughts on the issues included on how to verify that email is 
> > "virus free" and has been checked by anti-virus by the sender by using 
> > special certificate generated (automaticly) by antivirus based on content 
> > of email (simple hash) and based on its own certificate - that anti-virus 
> > certificate can of course be checked on antivirus website, so it creates 
> > fairly good trust system.
> 
> Just remember that this check done *by the sender* is close to useless:
> 
> 1) As written, it doesn't contain any verification that a *current* template
> of signatures was used - I've actually gotten mail that was stamped "this
> mail certified virus-free by LlamaWare 1.2" and contained a virus anyhow,
> because it's signature database was *literally* 2.5 years out of date.
Certificate being included with email is certificate has antivirus 
ceertificate as a parent (antivirus program signs the certificate, which 
itself is signed by antivirus vendor). In order to "fake" it virus should 
be really smart and have debugged code for that particular antivirus to 
find how to do it. It would also assume that new certificate is issued by 
antivirus vendor every time you download updated list of virus definitions 
- and in fact the certificate is used to verify that downloaded list of 
virus definitions is truly from antivirus vendor.
 
> 2) Either the sending system has a virus, or it doesn't.  If it doesn't,
> it doesn't matter if it got scanned.  If it does, I have no guarantee that
> said scanner hasn't been fooled by a rootkit.
I agree with you. As I said in the beginning none of my notes offer 
complete solutions, but I examine techniques available - write pros & 
cons and mark the ones that offer most possibility of success. 

The system above combined with checking emails on the receiving end (and 
sending only the link to suspicious attachment) offers very good chance of
of never letting virus be delivered even if client does not have antivirus 
program (though it would still be recommended that they do).

> 3) Now imagine a virus that injects itself and then forges a "virus free"
> signature for itself (remember - if the virus scanner has enough info to
> generate a cert, any malware that gets loose on that machine has enough info
> to forge the same cert).
Virus has to be very very smart to be able to do this and would have to 
know howto generate signatures for each version of antivirus program and 
each antivirus program user may have. 

> Now, to be fair, the outdated signature issue and the rootkit issue both
> *DO* also apply at the local end.  On the other hand,  the local end is
> under my control (well.. OK.. the guy in the next cube over ;) so I can
> make informed decisions regarding whether to trust its opinions...
The signature has less trust built into it then scanning it locally. But 
it helps nevertheless for those who do not have antivirus installed. 

People should still buy and install antiviruses so that they can scan 
incoming email and also scan and sign outgoing email as well. 

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net

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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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> I'd like to see definitions and to-be-determined ("TBD") words
> something like these:
>
>    TBD1 (address mismatch?): envelope and/or header values that are
>      inconsistent or apparently contradictory, such as mismatches
>      between From and Reply-To headers or between envelope Mail_From
>      domain names and SMTP client IP address reverse DNS names.  Some
>      uses of TBD1 are necessary and desirable.

=consistency filter

>    forged:  envelope or header values involving forgery and that are
>      fraudulently intended to evade filters or confuse mail recipients.
>      Header or envelope forgery involves false and fraudulent TBD1.
>
>    filter:  any mechanism that filters or rejects or discards mail
>      whether based on IP addresses, envelope values, header absence,
>      presence or values, words, punctuation, or other patterns in STMP
>      bodies, STMP authentication mechanims, time of day, or anything
>      else.

broaden it to anything that categorizes something based on content.
(categorized for deletion is one example)

>    TBD2 (word filter?): a particular kind of filter that involves
>      detecting patterns of words or punctuation in message bodies.

=lexigraphical filter (Lexigraphy)(lexicon=dictionary)

>    TBD3: ("content filter"? perhaps covered by TBD3) a particular sort
>      of filter that attempts to characterize messages by checksums or
>      semantic content.

=Statistical content filter

>    Bayesian filter: any of many mechanisms often unrelated to Bayesian
>       statistics that involve detecting or count words in the body
>       and sometimes headers of the message.  Bayesian filters are a
>       special type of TBD2.
>
>    TBD4 (address or domain filter?): a particular kind of filter that
>      detects client IP addresses or domain names.  "Blocklist" and
>      "blacklist" are commonly used for this notion.  Many people think
>      that DNS mechanisms must be involved, but others include local
>      lists such as the sendmail access_DB.

=network filter

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On Fri, 14 Mar 2003 10:48:08 EST, "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>  said:
> On Fri, 14 Mar 2003, Jason Hihn wrote:
> 
> > > Technology alone won't solve this problem.  Laws with real teeth
> > > are required.
> > > However, I'm not holding my breath.
> 
> > It's technology's problem. Tech created it, tech will have to fix it.
> 
> I don't agree.  It's a social and economic problem as much as a
> technological problem.

Don't expect to win on social/economic points unless you have a really
well-bankrolled team of vicious attack lawyers.

http://yro.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=03/03/11/223248&mode=nocomment

Executive summary:  Microsoft doesn't like Washington's anti-spam laws.

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> From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>

> > I'd like to see definitions and to-be-determined ("TBD") words
> > something like these:
> >
> >    TBD1 (address mismatch?): envelope and/or header values that are
> >      inconsistent or apparently contradictory, such as mismatches
> >      between From and Reply-To headers or between envelope Mail_From
> >      domain names and SMTP client IP address reverse DNS names.  Some
> >      uses of TBD1 are necessary and desirable.
>
> =consistency filter

"Consistency something" is fine, but it makes no sense to "filter" for such
consistency except to try to stuff the Internet back into the BBS box.
Sanction "consistency filter" and you'll have people insisting on the
nonsense of rejecting mail from an example.com IP address because it
has an envelope sender of domain.com.


> >    forged:  envelope or header values involving forgery and that are
> >      fraudulently intended to evade filters or confuse mail recipients.

> >    filter:  any mechanism that filters or rejects or discards mail

> broaden it to anything that categorizes something based on content.
> (categorized for deletion is one example)

"Based on content" is one of the phrases used in this mailing list and
elsewhere that bugs me.  It means too many contradictory things to
people, and its literal definition is useless.  What isn't "based on
content" in some sense?

"Filter" should be consistent with the broad definition that long
predates the Internet.  That standard definition applies to the RBL+
and any other mechanism that "filters."


> >    TBD2 (word filter?): a particular kind of filter that involves
> >      detecting patterns of words or punctuation in message bodies.
>
> =lexigraphical filter (Lexigraphy)(lexicon=dictionary)

good.

> >    TBD3: ("content filter"? perhaps covered by TBD3) a particular sort
> >      of filter that attempts to characterize messages by checksums or
> >      semantic content.
>
> =Statistical content filter

Statistics do not necessarily have anything to do with checksums or
semantic content (e.g. full-out Chomsky or AI efforts).

> >    Bayesian filter: any of many mechanisms often unrelated to Bayesian

> >    TBD4 (address or domain filter?): a particular kind of filter that
> >      detects client IP addresses or domain names.  "Blocklist" and
> >      "blacklist" are commonly used for this notion.  Many people think

> =network filter

No, that has a trouble like "Bayesian filter" or the common use of "filter."
Everything that "filters" including the RBL+ is a "filter."  Everything
that rejects mail via a network is a "network filter."


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 14:53:13 -0500

Bringing lawsuits against individual senders of spam is economically 
unattractive to most lawyers and potential plaintiffs.  Litigation is 
expensive, thousands of suits would need to be brought to have any impact, 
and even if substantial damages were awarded, collecting the damages from 
individual spammers would be difficult.

On the other hand, it might well be economical, if appropriate laws were in 
place, to take civil or criminal action against the vendors of the software 
that people use to send spam.  Of course, merely creating software that can 
be used for mass mailings is not and should not be illegal (and making it so 
would surely be unconstitutional).  But what potentially could be made 
illegal is the marketing of software tools for defeating anti-spam 
technologies.  Such a provision would be analogous to the anti-circumvention 
provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which is enforceable 
through both civil and criminal proceedings.

Anti-circumvention legislation designed to prevent the marketing of software 
for defeating anti-spam technologies could also be challenged on 
constitutional grounds, but almost surely could be crafted so as to 
withstand constitutional challenge.  While by definition such an approach is 
not a solution in and of itself, it could be used to strengthen 
technological strategies against spam.

Doug Phillips
(Vicious Attack Lawyer)


-----Original Message-----
From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu [mailto:Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu]
Sent: Friday, March 14, 2003 1:54 PM
To: David F. Skoll
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far


On Fri, 14 Mar 2003 10:48:08 EST, "David F. Skoll"
<dfs@roaringpenguin.com>  said:
 > On Fri, 14 Mar 2003, Jason Hihn wrote:
 >
 > > > Technology alone won't solve this problem.  Laws with real teeth
 > > > are required.
 > > > However, I'm not holding my breath.
 >
 > > It's technology's problem. Tech created it, tech will have to fix
it.
 >
 > I don't agree.  It's a social and economic problem as much as a
 > technological problem.

Don't expect to win on social/economic points unless you have a really
well-bankrolled team of vicious attack lawyers.

http://yro.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=03/03/11/223248&mode=nocomment

Executive summary:  Microsoft doesn't like Washington's anti-spam laws.
<< ATT00053.dat >>

_________________________________________________________________
Help STOP SPAM with the new MSN 8 and get 2 months FREE*  
http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail

_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: Doug Phillips <gr8rdane@hotmail.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 10:17:37 -0800 (PST)

The world is not larger then US alone. There is nothing stopping spammers 
from buying software in other countries to be used on their servers which 
are also mostly based outside us. I do not see how us laws can be applied
in this case. And you're not even trying to go after spammers but software 
vendors which is even futher from us soil. No I think this kind of law 
will do nothing to effect spam.

On Fri, 14 Mar 2003, Doug Phillips wrote:

> Bringing lawsuits against individual senders of spam is economically 
> unattractive to most lawyers and potential plaintiffs.  Litigation is 
> expensive, thousands of suits would need to be brought to have any impact, 
> and even if substantial damages were awarded, collecting the damages from 
> individual spammers would be difficult.
> 
> On the other hand, it might well be economical, if appropriate laws were in 
> place, to take civil or criminal action against the vendors of the software 
> that people use to send spam.  Of course, merely creating software that can 
> be used for mass mailings is not and should not be illegal (and making it so 
> would surely be unconstitutional).  But what potentially could be made 
> illegal is the marketing of software tools for defeating anti-spam 
> technologies.  Such a provision would be analogous to the anti-circumvention 
> provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which is enforceable 
> through both civil and criminal proceedings.
> 
> Anti-circumvention legislation designed to prevent the marketing of software 
> for defeating anti-spam technologies could also be challenged on 
> constitutional grounds, but almost surely could be crafted so as to 
> withstand constitutional challenge.  While by definition such an approach is 
> not a solution in and of itself, it could be used to strengthen 
> technological strategies against spam.
> 
> Doug Phillips
> (Vicious Attack Lawyer)
> 
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu [mailto:Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu]
> Sent: Friday, March 14, 2003 1:54 PM
> To: David F. Skoll
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
> 
> 
> On Fri, 14 Mar 2003 10:48:08 EST, "David F. Skoll"
> <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>  said:
>  > On Fri, 14 Mar 2003, Jason Hihn wrote:
>  >
>  > > > Technology alone won't solve this problem.  Laws with real teeth
>  > > > are required.
>  > > > However, I'm not holding my breath.
>  >
>  > > It's technology's problem. Tech created it, tech will have to fix
> it.
>  >
>  > I don't agree.  It's a social and economic problem as much as a
>  > technological problem.
> 
> Don't expect to win on social/economic points unless you have a really
> well-bankrolled team of vicious attack lawyers.
> 
> http://yro.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=03/03/11/223248&mode=nocomment
> 
> Executive summary:  Microsoft doesn't like Washington's anti-spam laws.
> << ATT00053.dat >>
> 
> _________________________________________________________________
> Help STOP SPAM with the new MSN 8 and get 2 months FREE*  
> http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

_______________________________________________
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Subject: [Asrg] Smart e-mail
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 18:17:15 -0300
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Maybe the next generation e-mail system should evolve to become "active" 
rather than "passive" as it is today. By "active", meaning a _smart 
agent_ running at the senders machine, would be called to clear the 
message BEFORE it is allowed to travel. The message once cleared, would 
be sent by this _smart agent_ to the addressee mailbox. At the receiving 
side, the _smart agent_ upon recognizing itself, will accept the 
message. Anything else is ignored.

How would this work?

By first transforming "someone@xyz.com" in a _program_ (not an address) 
which has the following features:
 1- it contains the actual mailbox address of "someone";
 2- it carries with it, a decision tree on how e-mails should be handled;
 3- it only accepts messages from himself.

E-mails to "someone" will be cleared to be sent, only if the following 
conditions are met:
  1 - the sender is known and the content is ok;
  2 - the sender is unknown, but agrees to pay in advance, say 50 cents, 
for each message which is checked as ok;

So, how under the new system, one can send a message to "someone"?

a- the sender machine will need to load from the net (one time) the 
"someone@xyz.com" program;
b- the program will ask questions 1 and 2 above and if cleared;
c- program contact itself at the receiving side and inform a message is 
on its way. 

Point to remember: only the _program_ knows the actual mailbox address 
of "someone" and he only receives messages from himself.
 
When creating "someone" account, XYZ Corp will ask a few questions on 
how e-mail should be handled and this will be incorporated and protected 
inside the program. The default template would be for "someone" to 
receive e-mail from anyone without requiring payment, as it is today.

As soon as "someone" by using a default template gets upset with 
joe_spammer, he/she modifies his template to only accept e-mail from 
this guy, if he pays in advance 50 cents per message and violá, no more 
e-mail from joe_spammer. Or maybe, if joe_spammer accepts it, money will 
be raining in "someone" mailbox.

So, with this new system:

1- a basic template is created and can be easily modified to 
include/exclude people you want to receive e-mail from or don´t want to 
receive;
2- you don´t need to hide your e-mail. Sending e-mail directly to 
"someone@xyz.com" goes nowhere;
3- you control things from your seat - no more garbage thrown your way - 
unless you want to.

As such, when "someone" sees his inbox full of e-mail, he/she will not 
be mad. Actually, it could mean cash waiting to be spent!



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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 16:54:48 -0500
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See this: http://tv.ksl.com/index.php?nid=5&sid=14109 Apparently opt-in is
easy and immediate. Opt-out isn't hard and long :-( Slashdot quote:
(Michael) "I don't see how signing up with Audiogalaxy establishes a
business relationship with Sprint"

What this proves is you can't count on laws, even anti-spam ones.

IANAL, but the Supreme Court has ruled that we have the right to be left
alone.
IANAL, but in the beginning spam was cheap. Now it's 40% of email. That has
a significant dollar cost, yet we can't use the unsolicited fax laws.

I also thing that even slow adoption of tech measures will have much more
immediate and wider ranged effects than law.



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Doug
> Phillips
> Sent: Friday, March 14, 2003 2:53 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
>
>
> Bringing lawsuits against individual senders of spam is economically
> unattractive to most lawyers and potential plaintiffs.  Litigation is
> expensive, thousands of suits would need to be brought to have
> any impact,
> and even if substantial damages were awarded, collecting the damages from
> individual spammers would be difficult.
>
> On the other hand, it might well be economical, if appropriate
> laws were in
> place, to take civil or criminal action against the vendors of
> the software
> that people use to send spam.  Of course, merely creating
> software that can
> be used for mass mailings is not and should not be illegal (and
> making it so
> would surely be unconstitutional).  But what potentially could be made
> illegal is the marketing of software tools for defeating anti-spam
> technologies.  Such a provision would be analogous to the
> anti-circumvention
> provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which is enforceable
> through both civil and criminal proceedings.
>
> Anti-circumvention legislation designed to prevent the marketing
> of software
> for defeating anti-spam technologies could also be challenged on
> constitutional grounds, but almost surely could be crafted so as to
> withstand constitutional challenge.  While by definition such an
> approach is
> not a solution in and of itself, it could be used to strengthen
> technological strategies against spam.
>
> Doug Phillips
> (Vicious Attack Lawyer)

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 18:03:57 -0500

At 9:46 AM -0700 3/14/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>I'd like to see definitions and to-be-determined ("TBD") words
>something like these:

Good idea.

>    forged:  envelope or header values involving forgery and that are
>      fraudulently intended to evade filters or confuse mail recipients.
>      Header or envelope forgery involves false and fraudulent TBD1.

What would you call it when spam software adds headers that make it 
look like the message was sent by a particular email client?

>    filter:  any mechanism that filters or rejects or discards mail
>      whether based on IP addresses, envelope values, header absence,
>      presence or values, words, punctuation, or other patterns in STMP
>      bodies, STMP authentication mechanims, time of day, or anything
>      else.

I'd replace "filters or rejects" with "categorizes or rejects" to 
avoid the self-reference.

There's another kind of filter.  One which, for lack of a better 
term, looks for "lies in the headers".  These can be forged routing 
information, fake MUA headers or anything else that makes the message 
different from real mail sent from a real user.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 18:23:36 -0500

At 9:58 AM -0500 3/14/03, Jason Hihn wrote:
>techniques, they all fall under SMTP. If we have some servers that use
>verification, while other use certs, other use some hash hand shake, and
>other may use dcc, etc. we raise the barrier to entry for spamming while
>giving each method a chance to 'do it's thing' and compete (and thrive if it
>does well). Eventually we'll be able to see which ones work best.

I ran some large mailing lists back in the 80's.  It was not fun. 
Just managing the bounces was hell.  To remind me of this fact I keep 
two books around from those days.  Both books describe how, if you 
are using mail system x and network system y, you can construct a 
message to get to someone on mail system a and network b.  Two whole 
books.

What you describe would take us back there.  Furthermore, it is 
exactly that fragmentation that is keeping anyone from investing in a 
new architecture--there's too big a risk that some other system will 
win out.

This sounds way too much like "I know, let's make it impossible for 
anyone to talk to each other.  *That* will stop the spammers!"
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Sat, 15 Mar 2003 00:45:35 +0000 (GMT)

On Fri, 14 Mar 2003, william@elan.net wrote:

> > 2. This actually makes life worse for the dialup user in the 
> > non-virus case.  Dialup.  Fetch mail.  Disconnect.  Try to read mail. 
> > Reconnect.  Fetch attachment.

> I doubt you receive too many legitimate .exe attachments. I does happen, 
> but its really rare.

It is not rare at all. I have two words for anyone who suggests this: "Elf 
Bowling". We see hundreds upon hundreds of legitimate .exe's being emailed 
to people every day. Heck, they even email eachother things like calc.exe 
and notepad.exe!

(hey, I found a use for the RANT tag!)

Matt.

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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 17:47:06 -0700 (MST)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> >    forged:  envelope or header values involving forgery and that are
> >      fraudulently intended to evade filters or confuse mail recipients.
> >      Header or envelope forgery involves false and fraudulent TBD1.
>
> What would you call it when spam software adds headers that make it 
> look like the message was sent by a particular email client?

If the intent is fraudulent, then it is "forgery."  Otherwise it
is no worse than sending an HTTP server other than a completely
accurate and specific name for the browser you use or adjusting
your HTTP, FTP, rlogin, telnet, BIND or other banner or version
string to be less than completely revealing.


> >    filter:  any mechanism that filters or rejects or discards mail
> >      whether based on IP addresses, envelope values, header absence,
> >      presence or values, words, punctuation, or other patterns in STMP
> >      bodies, STMP authentication mechanims, time of day, or anything
> >      else.
>
> I'd replace "filters or rejects" with "categorizes or rejects" to 
> avoid the self-reference.

That would be fine, except that I'm trying to appeal to the standard
meaning of "filter" and fight the common use of "filter" in spam
circles to mean either "wonderful" or "garbage" depending on prejudices.
How about

   mail filter: any mechanism that filters by rejecting or discarding ...


> There's another kind of filter.  One which, for lack of a better 
> term, looks for "lies in the headers".  These can be forged routing 
> information, fake MUA headers or anything else that makes the message 
> different from real mail sent from a real user.

That is not "another kind of filter," but "another *specialized* or
*specific* kind of filter."

How about "malicious forgery filter" to make clear it is intended to
be looking for malicious nonsense instead of innocent and proper
apparent inconsistencies such as legitimate differences between envelope
sender and reverse DNS name?


Picking honest terms instead of "forgery=not yet validated" and
"filter=whatever I think can't work/is wonderful" seems to me to be the
first or at least parallel step toward a taxonomy of bad mail defenses.

To finesse the unending controversy over whether "spam" means "unsolicited
bulk," don't use the word "spam."  When "unsolicited bulk email" is
intended, say so.  When something else is meant, then say that instead.

The idiosyncratic definitions of "filter," "forgery," and "spam" and
the resulting arguments are unnecessary and wrong.  If a position is
valid, then there is no need to redefine words in order to co-opt
their connotations.  Some people don't want to see "spam" defined as
"unsolicited bulk," because they fear that their favorite evil will
get short shrift.  So let's take "spam" off the table.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: 14 Mar 2003 20:52:12 -0600

On Thu, 13 Mar 2003 10:09:20 -0500, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> writes:

> However to be a true spam deterrent, whitelisting needs to do two
> other things.
> 
> 1. It needs to *block* non-whitelisted email.  Anything that just puts
> them in a junk folder isn't a long term solution because you still
> have to read the spam every day.  It's a helpful tool, just as any
> filtering tool is--but it's not a solution, and it won't stop the
> spammers.  If it blocks the email, then you're back to the question of
> how you get past it.  Challenge response?  Assume that anyone who
> tries again is okay?  And how you deal with commercial mail systems
> that either don't read bounces, assume that the bounce is fatal, or
> don't have a system for retrying.  So you need some kind of standard
> there.
> 
> 
> 2. It needs authentication.  Otherwise the spammers just start forging
> email more than they already do.  This is a weaker need, because it
> more clearly puts spam on the illegal side of the fence, and greatly
> reduces the chance that legit companies will spam.
> 

And a third thing:

It must not be possible to automate the whitelisting service. If
there's a way I can be whitelisted through, say a challenge&response,
then thats good for a user, I can program a robot to do it for me,
secondly, and much more problematic, if its automatable, it will be
automated and someone else will eventually write a program to
auto-reply. Although, CAPTCHA could make this work. CAPTCHA (carnegie
mellon) is an idea to have an automated challenge that a computer can
give to a human, but only humans can correctly reply; a machine
cannot. Its done currently on Yahoo, its that swirly text image thats
designed to be difficult to OCR.

Perhaps thats a key idea: What makes unsolicited commercial email
possible is because of extreme automation. If we can de-automate the
sending of email, we win. A computer is cheap; for $30k, which is one
worker for one year, we can put in 100GHZ of computing power. Human
labor is not cheap. If something requires a sender to be forced to
spend 3 seconds of their time, thats 8k email/worker/day, tops.

Hash-cash doesn't de-automate email sending, it just slows it down a little.

How about something like a CAPTCHA-stamp, where you 'prove' to a
trusted machine that you are a human, then you get a stamp that you
may attach to email. Some policy on how many times a stamp you may
reuse, or how many stamps you recieve. And, at any time, a stamp may
be checked to see if its been used too many times and the email
rejected.

How else may we slightly de-automate email sending? 

Scott
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 20:09:18 -0500

At 5:47 PM -0700 3/14/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>  > What would you call it when spam software adds headers that make it
>>  look like the message was sent by a particular email client?
>
>If the intent is fraudulent, then it is "forgery."  Otherwise it

Well then we've just moved the question off to a different level and 
have to define "fraudulent".  In this case obviously they are doing 
it to try and trick spam filters--but that's not technically 
fraudlent.

>  > I'd replace "filters or rejects" with "categorizes or rejects" to
>  > avoid the self-reference.
>
>That would be fine, except that I'm trying to appeal to the standard
>meaning of "filter" and fight the common use of "filter" in spam
>circles to mean either "wonderful" or "garbage" depending on prejudices.
>How about
>
>    mail filter: any mechanism that filters by rejecting or discarding ...

The only thing that I see as confusing is that some people use filter 
to mean "decide to accept or discard" and others mean "decide to file 
in the good pile or the bad pile".  I think we've seen some of that 
confusion here.

>How about "malicious forgery filter" to make clear it is intended to
>be looking for malicious nonsense instead of innocent and proper
>apparent inconsistencies such as legitimate differences between envelope
>sender and reverse DNS name?

That sounds good to me.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] deautomation is the key?
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 23:00:27 -0500

At 8:52 PM -0600 3/14/03, Scott A Crosby wrote:
>auto-reply. Although, CAPTCHA could make this work. CAPTCHA (carnegie
>mellon) is an idea to have an automated challenge that a computer can
>give to a human, but only humans can correctly reply; a machine
>cannot. Its done currently on Yahoo, its that swirly text image thats
>designed to be difficult to OCR.

As I pointed out on some earlier threads.  This needs to be both 
visual and aural if you want to pass accessibly standards.  Doable 
(and done in some cases).  Just keep it in mind.

I have heard from one person, who says he read it in Wired, and found 
one online mention 
(http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/12/26/tech/main534348.shtml) 
claiming that some spammers have set up "free porn" sites that 
occasionally prompt the user to enter a value on a CAPTCHA-style 
image snarfed from a webmail site.  This is sort of the borg approach 
to distributed computing.

I'd love to see a real reference to this.  But certainly it seems 
like a viable countermeasure.

In the end, every system has a weakness.  Either in terms of 
deployment, the social cost of using it, or the ability to work 
around it if you are clever enough.  As someone else has pointed out 
on this list--dealing with spam is really like dealing with security. 
It's not going to be a on/off thing.  It's going to be a question of 
how much pain you are willing to put up with in order to gain a 
certain amount of benefit.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Date: Sat, 15 Mar 2003 06:14:04 -0600

Most spam, that is.  There's the small amount of direct spam and the huge 
amount of abuse spam.

That spam is a security problem has been long recognized: the efforts years 
ago to get all open relays secured were security-based anti-spam 
measures.  They didn't work, spammers still seek and find open relays.  Now 
they also do the same with open proxies.

May I suggest that the problem in this approach is the single-minded way in 
which a solution is attempted?  That single-minded way is to secure 
systems.  That works for those systems but it does not solve the overall 
problem: spammers can so easily find open relays that having almost every 
system secure does not effectively impact spam or spammers.

If simply securing doesn't work there seem to me to be at least two 
options: give up on trying to combat this kind of abuse or take measures to 
end this kind of abuse.

Effectively, the decision has been to give up.  That's the wrong decision, 
of course. It is necessary to take measures to end this kind of abuse.

Let's start with a basic fact: it is incredibly easy to detect the abuse 
spammers commit when they seek open relays.  Most operators of email 
systems can look in their logs and see entries that show a relay attempt 
was rejected. Spammers do relay tests every day, the tests that hit secured 
mail servers get logged.

You should realize that spammers do not just test mail servers.  If you 
think about it the concept of "just test mail servers" is bogus - how could 
someone identify only the mail servers?  Instead, spammers test IPs or 
ranges of IPs.  Those with secure mail servers may have unassigned IP 
numbers and a spare, older system available.  That is all you need to 
detect relay test messages.

Here's a recent relay test message:


Received: from 213.5.34.135 by X.X.X; Sat, 15 Mar 03 00:46 CST
Message-Id: <sorry-munged@outlaw.com>
Date: Sat, 15 Mar 2003 08:55:05 -1000
From: gimohh@aol.com
Subject: Hopefully this works...
To: <Undisclosed Recipients>
MIME-Version: 1.0
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05004905104605304605105204604905105305811211211205105204504905105304510311904805
20460971161041011101150460970990991011151150460970991100461031140580490550540500

With the undisclosed recipients:

admin@sincasino.com
admin@videospoker.com

I know automatically that this is the work of a spammer.  Looking at the 
registrations sincasino.com and videospoker.com quickly conform that 
likelihood.

The question is: how do I use this information to end the spam-sending abuse?

As a single user/operator I'm somewhat constrained.  I can track down the 
spammer's location and try to get the account terminated.  For some tests I 
can try to get the target ISP (for instance, yahoo.com.UK for another 
recent test) to act in some way to thwart the spammer.  I'd prefer those 
ISPs to simply divert messages addressed to spammer dropboxes to a 
non-working address but I think most simply terminate the account.  This 
causes the spammer only the difficulty of setting up another dropbox 
address - hardly likely to stop anything.  Recently I trapped tests from a 
Cox IP and to a Cox email address. Cox was smart enough to realize what I 
told them and terminated the account, then terminated the next account I 
reported.

Even this slow, one-at-a-time effort has results.

Another option is to go further - to deliver the relay test and screw the 
spammer a different way.  Back in mid-February I delivered a test to 
jela@borovo.net.  After that I received a mini-deluge of relay spam, about 
200 99-recipient messages/day, ending yesterday.  None of that spam got 
delivered.  This morning there's a fresh test from jela@borovo.net in the 
queue - I have no plans to deliver that one (and already its a little late 
to do so: I'd think spammers would be suspicious of late arrivals.  I 
realize I'm giving the average spammer too much credit, and this guy must 
be below average: he puts "meet Russian women" subjects on his MMF spam.)

Others do this same thing.  An operator elsewhere in the world, using his 
massive 120 MHz Pentium with 64 Mb, stopped spam to 281 million recipients 
in his first year of operation.  All he does is deliver relay tests and 
stop spam (which he does archive to CDR.)  He makes no complaints to ISPs 
or anyone.  In Germany there's a site with somewhat more power and 
bandwidth available - they've stopped spam to well over 220 million 
recipients so far this year.

At home I do this same thing on my Windows system.  Note this 
well.  Windows typically does not run an MTA, port 25 is not in use.  It is 
possible to run a program designed to interfere with the spammers and that 
program is available: http://jackpot.uk.net/

After years of effort to secure all open relays there are still enough open 
relays that spammers actively seek them.  securing them all isn't a viable 
option, didn't work, can't work.  I favor a different approach that does 
work and can work: dilute the pool of true open relays with so many false 
ones that the spammers can't find the true ones.  That's absolutely 
simple.  While this is being ramped up the operators of fake relays who 
know how can take the information they glean from their false relays and 
use it to persuade ISPs to take action against the spammers.

There are operational considerations I haven't discussed.  Many critics 
assert that all the spammers need do is include a dedicated test address 
every so often in the addresses they spam and use non-delivery to that 
address as evidence of a false open relay.  Sure, they can.  Right now they 
don't - there's so few false open relays that many spammers don't recognize 
the possibility.  With Jackpot it has to be trivially easy for a spammer to 
identify a probable Jackpot-IP and treat it just like a secure IP.

The basic idea is sound, and some very effective fake open relays are 
simply standard MTAs, reconfigured.  Those aren't going to be easily 
identified.  More to the point is that this entire means of combatting 
spammers and this entire opportunity to do so are both almost completely 
ignored.  The idea has further extension.  An ISP with a customer who is 
sending out large numbers of relay tests should be easily able to identify 
that customer strictly by the pattern of his outgoing traffic.  A large ISP 
cannot monitor the entire stream of its packets but surely it can monitor 
substreams.  It could monitor all the traffic form each /24, for 
instance.  this isn't full-time monitoring, just sampling.  You don't catch 
every spammer who does relay tests that way but you catch many, and that's 
the point.

Similarly, an ISP that is the target for such tests can identify the source 
of such tests by monitoring incoming traffic. Once the source IP is known a 
complaint can be sent to the ISP of the source, for action.  Telesp.br 
could do this to good effect, as an example.

Everything I've written concerns open relays.  Exactly the same approach 
can be taken against open proxy abuse (which is really where telesp.br 
needs to concentrate effort.)

Currently the practice is to wait until the spam hits the destination ISP 
(or the recipient) before action.  All the difficulty with filters stems 
from this delay.  If spam is attacked at the relay/proxy level no filter is 
needed: the spammer does the filtering for you: he sends only spam by the 
abuse pathways.

What I advocate isn't hard.  For several years I ran a combined server/fake 
open relay.  At the relay level it is not hard to separate spam from valid 
email - the spam is relay mail that doesn't originate at a valid source for 
you to relay.)  It's far simpler to run a fake open relay (or fake open 
proxy) with no legitimate email function.  You know that it has no email 
function, the spammer doesn't.  To him it can look exactly like a system 
run by a clueless operator who doesn't know enough to secure his 
relay.  That is exactly how you want it to look, of course.  The better you 
fake the clueless operator the better you make the fake indistinguishable 
from the true open relay.

I won't give a long description but this fake open relay, run by Michael 
Tokarev in Moscow, successfully deceived one of the most blatant of the 
spammers, Alan Ralsky:

http://www.corpit.ru/cgi-bin/h0n5yp0t

The fake relay is now stopped (as you can tell from the dates), only the 
web page remains.  In operation this was quite easy to use: send the URL to 
the ISP implicated by the IPs that were spam sources.  The ISP could use 
this information to terminate the spammers throwaway account and then do a 
refresh.  When the spammers next throwaway IP appeared, terminate 
that.  Ralsky got thrown off 3 ISPs in one weekend that way.  That was a 
100 MHz 486 DX4.

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Date: Sat, 15 Mar 2003 09:22:52 -0500
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Matt Sergeant wrote:
> On Friday, Mar 14, 2003, at 02:34 Europe/London, David F. Skoll wrote:
> 
>> 2) Legislation is needed, soon
>>
>> Technology alone won't solve this problem.  Laws with real teeth are 
>> required.
>> However, I'm not holding my breath.
> 
> 
> I have strong hopes for the FTC spam workshop to make some inroads into 
> this. Anyone else attending?

I am.  I'm also on the panel list, but they haven't made their final 
decisions yet.  I spoke to a FTC staffer on Thursday...

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william@elan.net wrote:
> The world is not larger then US alone. There is nothing stopping spammers 
> from buying software in other countries to be used on their servers which 
> are also mostly based outside us. I do not see how us laws can be applied
> in this case. And you're not even trying to go after spammers but software 
> vendors which is even futher from us soil. No I think this kind of law 
> will do nothing to effect spam.

The majority of spam is to promote US interests.  Follow the money.  So 
what if Ralsky purchases software and services the far east to spam for 
US businesses?  Any law passed, unless it has specific clauses 
otherwise, will naturally be able to go after Ralsky and the US 
businesses he spams for in the US.


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Date: 15 Mar 2003 09:52:10 -0500

>> I have strong hopes for the FTC spam workshop to make some inroads into 
>> this. Anyone else attending?
>
>I am.  I'm also on the panel list, but they haven't made their final 
>decisions yet.  I spoke to a FTC staffer on Thursday...

I spoke to them too and I'll also be going.  The FTC staffers are very
well informed about spam issues, even though they have frustratingly
few legal tools to bash spammers.

Regards,
John Levine, postmaster@abuse.net, http://www.abuse.net, Trumansburg NY
abuse.net postmaster
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Date: Sat, 15 Mar 2003 14:53:30 +0000

At 07:13 PM 3/12/2003 -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>Well I just tried to post a research paper on spam and it got bounced as 80K
>of research is considered too much it appears.

Phillip,

Is there a website where you can host your paper instead? If so please send
the URL. Alternatively, feel free to email me a copy directly. I'm looking
for a paper to present at a group seminar exercise later in the year and
would be very interested to see your work.

Many thanks

Andrew Akehurst
Loughborough University, UK
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Date: Sat, 15 Mar 2003 11:08:13 -0500

At 6:14 AM -0600 3/15/03, Brad Spencer wrote:
>Others do this same thing.  An operator elsewhere in the world, 
>using his massive 120 MHz Pentium with 64 Mb, stopped spam to 281 
>million recipients in his first year of operation.  All he does is 
>deliver relay

You make some good points about the root problems with relay spams, 
however I think there are a couple problems with your solutions.

Most people do not have the time to run around setting up fake relay 
traps.  In addition, speaking as someone who currently bounces a 
message every two seconds, not all of us can take the risk of 
increasing our bounce volume.  Finally, I don't think you can get 
enough people running fake relays to make even a dent in spam.  281 
million recipients in one year is really very few in the big picture. 
AOL bounces one billion pieces of spam every day.

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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On Friday, Mar 14, 2003, at 13:54 US/Eastern, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu 
wrote:
> Don't expect to win on social/economic points unless you have a really
> well-bankrolled team of vicious attack lawyers.
>
> http://yro.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=03/03/11/223248&mode=nocomment
>
> Executive summary:  Microsoft doesn't like Washington's anti-spam laws.

This is one of the two unarguable reasons why legislation almost 
certainly won't work in the USA.

The other is that politicians will inevitably draft the laws to give 
themselves permission to spam.


mathew

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From: Brad Spencer <brad.madison@mail.tds.net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam is a security problem
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Date: Sat, 15 Mar 2003 11:10:41 -0600

At 11:08 AM 3/15/2003 -0500, you wrote:
>At 6:14 AM -0600 3/15/03, Brad Spencer wrote:
>>Others do this same thing.  An operator elsewhere in the world, using his 
>>massive 120 MHz Pentium with 64 Mb, stopped spam to 281 million 
>>recipients in his first year of operation.  All he does is deliver relay
>
>You make some good points about the root problems with relay spams, 
>however I think there are a couple problems with your solutions.
>
>Most people do not have the time to run around setting up fake relay 
>traps.  In addition, speaking as someone who currently bounces a message 
>every two seconds, not all of us can take the risk of increasing our 
>bounce volume.  Finally, I don't think you can get enough people running 
>fake relays to make even a dent in spam.  281 million recipients in one 
>year is really very few in the big picture. AOL bounces one billion pieces 
>of spam every day.


It's an action for those who have the time and inclination and are willing 
to do it. More importantly the message is that most spam is a security 
problem - I'm attempting to get the people who can act effectively against 
it as a security problem to do so.  If I trap a relay test from within the 
Verizon space then it is almost certainly true that the IP traffic from 
that IP has a pattern that could only be sending relay tests.  If they'd 
sample their traffic they could themselves find the spammers sending 
tests.  This guy: washdc3-ar10-4-60-219-149.washdc3.dsl-verizon.net, to be 
specific.  He tested again a little over 3 hours ago.

The Moscow relay spam honeypot was shut down partly for reasons such as you 
describe, although more basic: the bandwidth used cost real money.

I've argued this for two years.  It's a neglected area in the fight against 
spam, you don't have to know anything to uses the technique, it attacks the 
spammers (although it is a passive technique) where they are vulnerable. 
People talk about elaborate changes to SMTP or the replacement of SMTP - 
those would take much more effort than what I describe.

Do also note that what I do myself, regularly, is accept relay 
messages.  That's much lower in volume (or should be) since in principle 
all you trap is a dozen or so relay tests per day, maximum.  I did deliver 
one relay test in February - that brought spam until yesterday.  At home I 
trap spam from an obnoxious Chinese-language spammer who doesn't wait for 
tests to be delivered - he sends relay spam on the basis of the test being 
accepted.

I delivered another test recently - that one was one sent by an ex-spammer 
who sells open relay lists to spammers.  The spammers apparently send their 
own tests to check out the relays on the list - I've gotten tests from 
sources I'd not seen before.

I'm aware of the billion pieces AOL bounces/day.  That's after the relay 
level - many spammers still send multiple-recipient spam.  What I trapped 
recently (the MMF spam with the "meet Russian women" subjects) comes as 
99-recipient spam.  I suppose the spammer thinks that protects him against 
some law that criminalizes sending to 100 or more recipients.  The 
Chines-language spam has 10 recipients.  At the relay level you trap fewer 
messages to get the same effect AOL does by partially trapping at the 
destination level.  Twenty thousand recipients/day is about 200 spam 
messages/day.  I recognize I'm trapping only a tiny percentage of his total 
output.  This is a dirt-simple technique but to be effective it requires 
many participants.

There have to be enough people willing to do this - most of the spam comes 
through systems that are abused.  Those people are "willing" - they don't 
suffer enough discomfort to do anything about the abuse with any sense  of 
urgency.  The load on the fake relay is much lower, since the spam comes in 
only, never is delivered.

It's as easy for millions of people as downloading Jackpot, downloading a 
JVM (if there's not already one installed), and starting the program.  They 
don't have to enable relay, they don't have to understand what the program 
does.  If they're on a network segment the spammers test (and that's 
probably everything but dialup segments, and I'll bet even those get hit) 
they will trap a relay test. Just that is enough to make a difference, if 
done by enough people.  That will deliver the message to the spammers that 
their abuse will no longer be ignored and allowed to 
continue.  Continue?  It has grown considerably under the policy of neglect.

He he he: Cox IS doing something about relay testers, and the Cox relay 
tester just tested me again (@10:19 & 10:26.)  That will be my next email 
message.


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Comments:

In the Second Order section, the comments regarding blacklists are 
misleading, oft times factually incorrect, and clearly biased.  On the 
contrary, most blacklists, especially the reputable ones (and there are 
many), contain dispute/retest mechanisms and contact addresses. List all 
of China - well, why not, if the person running the MTA has no 
correspondants in China, why shouldn't they?  BL "Listing all of UUNET?" 
- flat out false.  No even remotely respectable blacklist has ever done so.

[Oft-stated rumours and claims, but turn out to be just plain wrong. 
Tend to have their origin in journalists being mislead by spammers.]

Re: Email Infrastructure [re: X.400 and UUCP]: "apparently technically 
sophisticated enough to use email but not sophisticated enough to use 
1980s technology.".  Ahem.  Unnecessary, gratuitous (and IMHO 
uneducated) insult.  There are many reasons why X.400/UUCP are still in 
use.  Several of them good technical ones.  Even with SMTP, there are 
many instances where, for example, active callback verification methods 
cannot work.

Re: Opt-out lists.  You skipped several arguments: if every company in 
the US spammed you just once over the course of a year, you'd have to 
opt-out 650 times per day. I don't think that's sustainable. Secondly, 
especially, at that volume, why should the onus be on the recipient to 
expend effort?  I didn't ask for it, why do I need to ask _not_ to get 
it?  Depriving the spammers of excuses doesn't stop them spamming. Even 
the DMA's eMPS system was a joke.

Last paragraph in that section makes no logical sense.

I think the comments about "fake originator" addresses isn't in the 
least sustainable by thorough statistical investigation.  90%?  Not in 
our feed.

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To: Brad Spencer <brad.madison@mail.tds.net>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam is a security problem
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Date: Sat, 15 Mar 2003 15:09:02 -0500

At 11:10 AM -0600 3/15/03, Brad Spencer wrote:
>spam.  I suppose the spammer thinks that protects him against some 
>law that criminalizes sending to 100 or more recipients.  The 
>Chines-language spam has

No, it protects him from people who restrict the number of recipients 
and block the email if it exceeds the number.

>He he he: Cox IS doing something about relay testers, and the Cox 
>relay tester just tested me again (@10:19 & 10:26.)  That will be my 
>next email message.

Yes, I've had good success reporting formmail exploits as well.  You 
can automatically report the testing IP.  Determining whether it was 
a test or a real spam message isn't going to be as safe 
automatically, but if you do it manually then you can also nail them 
at the recipient address.

I'm not denying that these are good ideas.  And they probably go more 
towards hurting spammers than things like filtering--which the 
spammers never see.  As a tool that aids in driving spammers 
off-shore and to fixed locations, they seem good.  And like most 
things--that makes them a part of a solution, not the solution itself 
(I know, you weren't claming that.)

And that, I think, has been the main lesson of this discussion group. 
Destroying spam is not a matter of applying a magic solution (those 
IBM TV ads come to mind, if you've seen them recently).  It's going 
to be a set of various tools, all aimed at driving spammers into a 
corner where we can hold them off while we apply a bit more 
accountability to the system.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam is a security problem
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Date: Sat, 15 Mar 2003 14:43:53 -0600

At 03:09 PM 3/15/2003 -0500, you wrote:

>I'm not denying that these are good ideas.  And they probably go more 
>towards hurting spammers than things like filtering--which the spammers 
>never see.  As a tool that aids in driving spammers off-shore and to fixed 
>locations, they seem good.  And like most things--that makes them a part 
>of a solution, not the solution itself (I know, you weren't claming that.)

All the best results I know of from relay spam honeypots have been offshore 
systems (280 million, 220 million, Moscow.) There is _nowhere_ for the 
spammers to escape, if they use abuse to send their spam.  The better the 
domain is for them in terms of having abusable systems the better it is to 
set up a fake in that domain. Some of us self-nominate ourselves to open 
relay blocklists - many spammers look there to find open relays.  The 
overall goal (for me) is for there to be no reliable list anywhere of open 
relays the spammers can safely abuse.  That would mean that any list would 
be unsafe for them to use, and "unsafe" means riddled with fake 
entries.  Block me, I don't mind - I don't send anything anyway.  I just 
run sinks for relay messages (plus occasionally deliver a relay test to a 
spammer.)

There are very good relay spam honeypots from US systems - those are also 
quite useful.

Fixed locations are the bread-and-butter of blocklists.

Yes - part of the solution.  And don't lose sight of the fact that the 
top-level management of many domains can handle the illicit traffic to 
ports that are abused - the action taken does not have to be at the 
individual IP level.  While it is at the individual level  home operators 
can be significant fighters against spam. Or managers in university 
departments - that's what I was when i started.

I'm still just trapping crud from 210.85.168.26 but others might get better 
stuff.  It would probably different if I delivered the relay tests - I 
captured one from axis.software.powerinternetcr.com [216.25.173.15] on my 
home system today.  Nice rap sheet: http://openrbl.org/ip/216/25/173/15.htm

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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Cc: Brad Spencer <brad.madison@mail.tds.net>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam is a security problem 
In-Reply-To: Message from Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> 
   of "Sat, 15 Mar 2003 15:09:02 EST." <p06000b03ba9937110b2c@[192.168.1.104]> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Sat, 15 Mar 2003 12:46:51 -0800


Kee Hinckley said:
> I'm not denying that these are good ideas.  And they probably go more 
> towards hurting spammers than things like filtering--which the 
> spammers never see.  As a tool that aids in driving spammers 
> off-shore and to fixed locations, they seem good.  And like most 
> things--that makes them a part of a solution, not the solution itself 
> (I know, you weren't claming that.)

What's the benefit in driving them off-shore?  It just seems to be
a problem, to me.  Sure, you can then use a blackholes.us
BL, but that's not a solution -- it just ghettoizes users in those
countries.

--j.
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Date: Sat, 15 Mar 2003 17:11:54 -0600
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I've set up a web site which outlines my proposal of a new method to send 
E-Mail.  The method makes use of Digital Signature algorithms, white lists, 
and encryption, but it doesn't use them all in the standard way; please 
give it a good read.  I've spent a lot of time working on this method and 
think it deserves some good intellectual review by people interested in 
eliminating spam mail.

http://www.xwarzone.com/colin/overview.htm

Colin LeMahieu

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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam is a security problem
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Date: Sat, 15 Mar 2003 16:34:56 -0500

At 12:46 PM -0800 3/15/03, Justin Mason wrote:
>What's the benefit in driving them off-shore?  It just seems to be
>a problem, to me.  Sure, you can then use a blackholes.us
>BL, but that's not a solution -- it just ghettoizes users in those
>countries.

I'm assuming that some of the drive offshore is to fixed locations. 
However it also helps de-legitimize spam.  "Yes, we need to advertise 
your lumber company, but we can only do it using these servers in 
Latvia."  If the goal is to marginalize spam, that helps.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Sun, 16 Mar 2003 03:02:10 +0100

At 15.03.2003 17:11 -0600, meor@mail.SoftHome.net wrote:
>http://www.xwarzone.com/colin/overview.htm

Cool for bad guys who want to do denial of service attacks to freemailsers 
like hotmail, gmx, etc. You would just have to get an account from one 
freemailer and send hundrets of mails to several mailboxes at your own 
pseudo server. Your pseudo server then behaves like the box at the 
freemailer is unthrusted and replies with a uncrypted random message and a 
different crypted random message. The freemailer's server will be unable to 
find the right key. Even if there is a limit, how long the freemailer's 
server will try to find the right key, it will take more (cpu) time than usual.

The situation would be even worse if someone overtakes a normal server and 
replaces it with such a pseudo server. All servers sending messages to this 
one would be slowed down.

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Date: Sun, 16 Mar 2003 05:23:29 +0100

At 15.03.2003 21:06 -0600, meor@mail.SoftHome.net wrote:

>>Cool for bad guys who want to do denial of service attacks to 
>>freemailsers like hotmail, gmx, etc. You would just have to get an 
>>account from one freemailer and send hundrets of mails to several 
>>mailboxes at your own pseudo server. Your pseudo server then behaves like 
>>the box at the freemailer is unthrusted and replies with a uncrypted 
>>random message and a different crypted random message. The freemailer's 
>>server will be unable to find the right key. Even if there is a limit, 
>>how long the freemailer's server will try to find the right key, it will 
>>take more (cpu) time than usual.
>>
>>The situation would be even worse if someone overtakes a normal server 
>>and replaces it with such a pseudo server. All servers sending messages 
>>to this one would be slowed down
>
>In the case of web clients the computer that would have to do the 
>computation load would be different.  Clearly, as you said, a free mail 
>server should not have to perform the computations because, as you stated, 
>that would be open to a DoS attack.  A simple solution to this would be 
>possibly giving the web client an applet the performs the computations on 
>the server's behalf.  If the sender is required to perform some 
>computation work, the work load could be encapsulated by this applet and 
>given to the computer that is requesting the mail is sent.  Once the 
>solution is found, the result would be sent to the web mail client, which 
>would in turn be sent to the destination mail server. [...]

First of all the problem is not limited to web clients. It's a problem for 
everyone who offers a free email service, regardless what clients their 
"customers" use.

Your "simple solution" is bad.

Example:
Dial-In user ---> ISP's/freemailer's relay
relay --> final destination (temporally unreachable)
Dial-In user goes offline
relay (retrying) --> final destination

If the final destination is a malicious pseudo server, the *relay* will 
have to handle the requested, impossible authentication task.

Even if you would solve this, so a original sender would not be able to 
take down relays by using malicious pseudo servers, there remains a problem.
What if a former normal server would be replaced by a malicious pseudo 
server (by virus/worm or hack)? All clients would try to solve impossible 
authentication tasks, given from the "new" server, no matter wheter the 
were whitelisted at the original server or not.

In short: If the destination requests an impossible problem solution (in 
result of error, manipulation or whatever) the sender is the one who 
suffers. And the sender will not be able to discover this before it has to 
suffer.

>You do bring up an a valid point that web clients would be harder to 
>implement, but I truly believe the benefits of this method far outweigh a 
>slightly harder web client implementation.

I don't think it's a good idea to "solve" problems of the concept in the 
implementations. "Needs workaround by design" stinks.

Erm ... and what about replying to the list next time?

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Position paper, in zipped HTML
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>  BL "Listing all 
> of UUNET?" 
> - flat out false.  No even remotely respectable blacklist has 
> ever done so.

SPEWS listed VeriSign labs because it was on a UUNET address.

Case closed, no appeal.

SPEWS makes a point of never justifying itself to anyone, if they want
to correct any statement they believe false they can speak for themselves.

 
> [Oft-stated rumours and claims, but turn out to be just plain wrong. 
> Tend to have their origin in journalists being mislead by spammers.]

No, irate customers whose email was blocked for reasons that we had no
control over.


> Re: Email Infrastructure [re: X.400 and UUCP]: "apparently 
> technically 
> sophisticated enough to use email but not sophisticated enough to use 
> 1980s technology.".  Ahem.  Unnecessary, gratuitous (and IMHO 
> uneducated) insult.  

SMTP does have problems, we should fix them.

X.400 is not the answer. 


> Re: Opt-out lists.  You skipped several arguments: if every 
> company in 
> the US spammed you just once over the course of a year, you'd have to 
> opt-out 650 times per day. 

Good point, I was trying to suggest a central opt-out list for that
reason but never actually stated it.

I think I should be able to opt out once and get off every list.


> Last paragraph in that section makes no logical sense.
> 
> I think the comments about "fake originator" addresses isn't in the 
> least sustainable by thorough statistical investigation.  
> 90%?  Not in 
> our feed.

It depends on the definition of fake. For the sample I examined the 
emails had not come through the domains that they claimed.

		Phill
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On Saturday, March 15, 2003, at 09:18  PM, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> I think I should be able to opt out once and get off every list.

I like this idea, but I wonder if it's practical. If you opt out via a 
central list, what lists have to accept it and what lists don't? If you 
use the central opt out, would this list have to remove you?

Assuming the answer to that is "no", then how do we draw the lines 
between "these lists have to follow this request" and "these lists 
don't" such that everyone knows what to expect? How could you implement 
that on something like yahoogroups? If you have two email addresses and 
opt out one, am I supposed to know about the other somehow? Because the 
"typical" user tends to forget what address they subscribed to which 
when, and sees unsubscribe services as "do what I want" magic 
repositories.

And how do people get validate to get access to it securely? Because if 
it's open, you just created a massive, pre-authorized and valid list of 
addresses to suck off and spam. So you have to make it available to 
almost anyone (because almost anyone can be a home business with an 
e-marketing newsletter), but protect it from spammers who'll happily 
agree to whatever you say, suck as many addresses as they can, and skip 
off into the night...

-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/


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Date: Sun, 16 Mar 2003 10:20:52 +0000 (GMT)

On Sat, 15 Mar 2003, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:

> And how do people get validate to get access to it securely? Because if 
> it's open, you just created a massive, pre-authorized and valid list of 
> addresses to suck off and spam. So you have to make it available to 
> almost anyone (because almost anyone can be a home business with an 
> e-marketing newsletter), but protect it from spammers who'll happily 
> agree to whatever you say, suck as many addresses as they can, and skip 
> off into the night...

Use a database of SHA1 hashes. You can even maintain exceptions in that 
list (again, as sha1 hashes).

Matt.

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Date: 16 Mar 2003 10:39:48 -0600

In <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A311003C@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> writes:

> >  BL "Listing all 
> > of UUNET?" 
> > - flat out false.  No even remotely respectable blacklist has 
> > ever done so.
> 
> SPEWS listed VeriSign labs because it was on a UUNET address.
> 
> Case closed, no appeal.
> 
> SPEWS makes a point of never justifying itself to anyone, if they want
> to correct any statement they believe false they can speak for themselves.

Uh, the claim that spews listed one domain means that spews listed ALL
UUNET domains?  And this is a "case closed, no appeal" evidence of
such an action by spews?

I realize that verisign is very close to your heart but, personally, I
don't consider them to be the whole world.


Could you give us some help in tracking down this particular spews
listing?  What did it say?  What IP addresses were involved?  (The IP
addresses can be used to see if other BLs also reported spam from
them.) 


-wayne

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Date: Sun, 16 Mar 2003 09:09:12 -0800

> I like this idea, but I wonder if it's practical. If you opt 
> out via a 
> central list, what lists have to accept it and what lists 
> don't? If you 
> use the central opt out, would this list have to remove you?

That is why I proposed using a database of one-way encrypted hashes
of the email addresses in the paper.


<rant>
I actually deployed a test system of this scheme six years ago 
when I was at MIT, so it is highly unlikely anyone could 
defend a patent claim on it. Given my recent experience I would 
not make a proposal of that type to a public list without first
applying for a patent to stop a squatter. Yes, I have heard about
the quaint theory of prior art, even with cast iron prior art
you can end up with a $2 million legal bill.

Basically the USPTO is on a par with the 419 scammers in my opinion.
</rant>

At the JamSpam meeting we had a discussion of using honeypots 
to determine whether bulk senders were observing opt-out lists
and to help them detect people wanting them to send to a junk 
list. I had a go noodling arround trying to extend the one-way opt
out list concept to these areas but I don't see a way to make
it work since the malefactors objective is to detect honeypots 
inside their lists...


	Phill
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Sun Mar 16 13:14:17 2003
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'wayne'" <wayne@midwestcs.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sun, 16 Mar 2003 10:09:53 -0800

SPEWS had the whole UUNET sub listed along with us.

The point about case closed is that SPEWS have not denied having done it.
There is absolutely nobody who has provided any contrary evidence
whatsoever.

I am sorry but simple gainsaying does not constitute an argument here.

If you refuse to believe any of SPEWS victims it is easy to maintain your
position that no blacklist ever did anything bad ever.


	Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: wayne [mailto:wayne@midwestcs.com]
> Sent: Sunday, March 16, 2003 11:40 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Position paper, in zipped HTML
> 
> 
> In 
> <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A311003C@vhqpostal6.verisign.co
> m> "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> writes:
> 
> > >  BL "Listing all 
> > > of UUNET?" 
> > > - flat out false.  No even remotely respectable blacklist has 
> > > ever done so.
> > 
> > SPEWS listed VeriSign labs because it was on a UUNET address.
> > 
> > Case closed, no appeal.
> > 
> > SPEWS makes a point of never justifying itself to anyone, 
> if they want
> > to correct any statement they believe false they can speak 
> for themselves.
> 
> Uh, the claim that spews listed one domain means that spews listed ALL
> UUNET domains?  And this is a "case closed, no appeal" evidence of
> such an action by spews?
> 
> I realize that verisign is very close to your heart but, personally, I
> don't consider them to be the whole world.
> 
> 
> Could you give us some help in tracking down this particular spews
> listing?  What did it say?  What IP addresses were involved?  (The IP
> addresses can be used to see if other BLs also reported spam from
> them.) 
> 
> 
> -wayne
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Position paper, in zipped HTML
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Date: Sun, 16 Mar 2003 07:17:18 -0500

At 9:18 PM -0800 3/15/03, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>Good point, I was trying to suggest a central opt-out list for that
>reason but never actually stated it.
>
>I think I should be able to opt out once and get off every list.

Actually there's a problem with global opt-out lists.  They're global.

For instance.  Does my putting my address on one keep Adobe from 
sending me the product updates I asked for?  And if not, what keeps 
every other company from claiming some prior business relationship.

I think global phone opt-out lists are easier because people want 
their phone for personal stuff and not business.  So they are happy 
to nuke all companies.  But that's not as true for email.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: 16 Mar 2003 12:28:49 -0600

On Sat, 15 Mar 2003 06:14:04 -0600, Brad Spencer <brad.madison@mail.tds.net> writes:

> After years of effort to secure all open relays there are still enough
> open relays that spammers actively seek them.  securing them all isn't
> a viable option, didn't work, can't work.  I favor a different
> approach that does work and can work: dilute the pool of true open
> relays with so many false ones that the spammers can't find the true
> ones.  That's absolutely simple.  While this is being ramped up the
> operators of fake relays who know how can take the information they
> glean from their false relays and use it to persuade ISPs to take
> action against the spammers.

However, is it effective? What this means is that a slightly greater
percentage of email is denied. However, email sending is as
automatable as it was. If we are in a world where bandwidth costs are
expected to decrease and where CPU costs are expected to decrease,
then even with this, spam becomes more economical, because with the
same resources, they can send more messages, even if an increasing
percentage get rejected.

We need a solution that can continue to work in worlds where
Disk/CPU/bandwidth is becoming ever cheaper. A technique that halves
the effectiveness of spam will be erased in two years. What do they
care if half of the proxies are fake two years from now? The cost per
message that goes through a non-fake proxy will be the same then as
now. At such a small loss, it may not even be worth the effort to
identify the fakes.

Computing and bandwidth is cheap enough that you can't win by forcing
the spammer to burn cycles or bandwidth, unless you can increase those
costs by orders of magnitude. One person's yearly wage of, say,
$40,000 can buy 20 $1400 machines and still spend $1000/month for
bandwidth/colo. Lets see, 4TB/month. Requiring them to hire one
additional employee affects their bottom line more than blocking 10
billion emails.

> The basic idea is sound, and some very effective fake open relays are
> simply standard MTAs, reconfigured.  Those aren't going to be easily
> identified.  More to the point is that this entire means of combatting
> spammers and this entire opportunity to do so are both almost
> completely ignored.  The idea has further extension.  An ISP with a
> customer who is sending out large numbers of relay tests should be
> easily able to identify that customer strictly by the pattern of his
> outgoing traffic.  A large ISP cannot monitor the entire stream of its

At least as far as outgoing traffic is concerned, wouldn't a server
doing relay tests closely resemble any popular mailing list server? It
might be identifiable if it gets a huge number of incoming RST's from
port 25.

Scott
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Date: 16 Mar 2003 12:55:42 -0600

In <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A3110043@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> writes:

> > From: wayne [mailto:wayne@midwestcs.com]
> > > SPEWS listed VeriSign labs because it was on a UUNET address.
> > 
> > Uh, the claim that spews listed one domain means that spews listed ALL
> > UUNET domains?  
> > [...]
> >
> > Could you give us some help in tracking down this particular spews
> > listing?  What did it say?  What IP addresses were involved?  (The IP
> > addresses can be used to see if other BLs also reported spam from
> > them.) 

[top quoting fixed and the amount of quoted material trimmed]

> SPEWS had the whole UUNET sub listed along with us.
> [...]
> 
> I am sorry but simple gainsaying does not constitute an argument here.

Yes it does! </Mr Vibrating> [*}


Ok, more seriously, you are right and that is exactly why I asked for
some help tracking down this particular spews listing.  Asking people
to prove the negative isn't very productive.  I am asking you to
provide at least some evidence, by sides just your assertions, that
spews did list everyone using UUNET.



> If you refuse to believe any of SPEWS victims it is easy to maintain your
> position that no blacklist ever did anything bad ever.

That wasn't my position and to be quit honest, I suspect that there
have been some blacklists that at some time blacklisted have
blacklisted just about everyone.

Tarring all blacklist operators by the worst actions of some is as bad
as tarring all ISPs as being spammers because of the way the worst
ones operate.


-wayne



[*]
Man: An argument isn't just contradiction.

Mr Vibrating: It can be.

Man: No it can't. An argument is a connected series of statements
intended to establish a proposition.

Mr Vibrating: No it isn't.

Man: Yes it is! It's not just contradiction.

Mr Vibrating: Look, if I argue with you, I must take up a contrary
position.

Man: Yes, but that's not just saying 'No it isn't.'

Mr Vibrating: Yes it is!

Man: No it isn't!

Man: Argument is an intellectual process. Contradiction is just the
automatic gainsaying of any statement the other person makes.

(short pause)

Mr Vibrating: No it isn't.

Man: It is.

http://www.stone-dead.asn.au/tv-series/sketches/fc-29/argument-clinic.html

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Date: Sun, 16 Mar 2003 14:03:39 -0600

At 12:28 PM 3/16/2003 -0600, you wrote:
>On Sat, 15 Mar 2003 06:14:04 -0600, Brad Spencer 
><brad.madison@mail.tds.net> writes:
>
> > After years of effort to secure all open relays there are still enough
> > open relays that spammers actively seek them.  securing them all isn't
> > a viable option, didn't work, can't work.  I favor a different
> > approach that does work and can work: dilute the pool of true open
> > relays with so many false ones that the spammers can't find the true
> > ones.  That's absolutely simple.  While this is being ramped up the
> > operators of fake relays who know how can take the information they
> > glean from their false relays and use it to persuade ISPs to take
> > action against the spammers.
>
>However, is it effective? What this means is that a slightly greater
>percentage of email is denied.

Yes, for small numbers of such systems.

The real point is that of considering the abuse aspects of the majority of 
spam and devising ways to combat that abuse.  Spammers don't know anything 
about a particular IP just form the IP - they have to find out in some 
manner anything they do know.  Currently it is close to 100% safe and 
reliable for them to test for open relay (or test for open proxy) and find 
what they seek.  That's abuse, it is accepted and tolerated, spam continues 
to grow as a problem.

I'm no internet expert, this is an IETF working group.  Some focus, some 
goal, some something is needed.  What's currently being done is 
demonstrably inadequate.  The solutions seem to (1) do much more of 
something that is already done and (2) do something new.  The something 
news that I see are elaborate and require (I think) a shift in how email is 
done.  There'd have to be a very long transition period - that needs to be 
well-analyzed in any proposal for a new email protocol, for example.  I've 
already done some analysis (which maybe someone could show to be bogus) by 
characterizing the transition period as very long  I have a great distaste 
for that - I want spam dead now, and if not now then next week, or the 
middle of next month.

More people could use blocklists, with usage concentrated on the blocklists 
that are intended to do what blocklists do - prevent delivery of spam 
(contrasting with SPEWS, if you can't see my intent.)  More people could 
use DCC - it's mostly automatic (there's a whitelisting requirement for 
sites that have mailing list subscribers), it works, it responds quickly, 
it scales.  Then the approach I emphasize: do something at the abuse level, 
before the spam is on its way to the final destination.  The anti-spammers 
have the advantage here if they want to claim it (right now, by ignoring 
the abuse, anti-spammers give the advantage to the 
spammers.)  Anti-spammers far overwhelm spammers in their numbers, 
anti-spammers can be in any IP space.  Practically everyone who reads this 
message should be able to go to the logs of a mail server and observe that 
relay email is being rejected. Most have chosen the  path of blocking such 
abuse and then ignoring it.  The spammers figuratively knock on the door 
and ask to have access, the response is to ignore the knocking and then to 
curse the neighbor who lets the spammers misuse their systems.  That 
approach guarantees that relay spam is sent to systems that will relay 
it.  When it is relayed it then shows up at destinations ISPs to be 
filtered or otherwise rejected or accepted.  Too much is accepted - that's 
the problem.  It would have been easy to stop the spam (like that which 
advertises http://www.quickmailorderbrides.com/?oc=3D2390 that I'm stopping 
in small quanttties) but most just let it go to the true open 
relays.  There's no real asrg plan - may I suggest looking at what could be 
done about the abuse aspects of relay spam and deciding whether its a 
viable option for significantly helping to defeat spam?  I understand that 
there is direct spam - this approach doesn't touch direct spam. If the 
result of this approach were the forcing of spammers to send direct spam 
from overseas wouldn't that be a giant step forward?  Then there'd be a 
relatively small number of IPs to block - it's a situation tailor-made for 
success by DNSBL.


>However, email sending is as
>automatable as it was. If we are in a world where bandwidth costs are
>expected to decrease and where CPU costs are expected to decrease,
>then even with this, spam becomes more economical, because with the
>same resources, they can send more messages, even if an increasing
>percentage get rejected.

And they do.  That same argument apples to most or all current 
techniques.  The goal surely is to drive the cost of sending the spam above 
amount "earned" from the spam.  There's no particular reason to pick what I 
advocate other than the fact that the opportunity is great and that 
opportunity has been overlooked.  It's a cherry-picking situation: almost 
anyone with a Windows system on a permanent network connection can run 
Jackpot and do something against spam.  How many million people would that 
be if you assumed just 1% did it successfully?


>We need a solution that can continue to work in worlds where
>Disk/CPU/bandwidth is becoming ever cheaper. A technique that halves
>the effectiveness of spam will be erased in two years. What do they
>care if half of the proxies are fake two years from now? The cost per
>message that goes through a non-fake proxy will be the same then as
>now. At such a small loss, it may not even be worth the effort to
>identify the fakes.

Good.  Now you are in an evaluation discussion but you are doing it (to me) 
backwards.  You are assuming failure and then describing failure in terms 
of an inadequate approach.  I suggest you determine how many fake proxies 
it would take to hurt them badly enough to force them to quit and then 
evaluate how difficult it would be to get that number of fake 
proxies.  Make conservative guesses both ways: assume lots are needed, 
assume difficulty in getting participants.  Can it still be done effectively?

RFC 2505 flatly stated that securing open relays was not a viable way to 
fight spam.  Nonetheless that was the method of choice for years.  Securing 
all open relays has to be around 99% complete for it to have a visible 
effect.  That seems not to have yet happened.

Poisoning the pool of open relays is effective at all levels.  If 10% of 
the pool is fake relays then you'd estimate, I think, that twould give a 
10% effectiveness against relay spam, just on the basis of non-delivered 
spam messages alone.  Any further effect you achieve by identifying spam 
sources or spamvertised URL's is a bonus.  Any extra work you force the 
spammers to do to avoid fake relays is a bonus.

It works now.  I think it deserves further analysis, further amplifcation.



>Computing and bandwidth is cheap enough that you can't win by forcing
>the spammer to burn cycles or bandwidth, unless you can increase those
>costs by orders of magnitude. One person's yearly wage of, say,
>$40,000 can buy 20 $1400 machines and still spend $1000/month for
>bandwidth/colo. Lets see, 4TB/month. Requiring them to hire one
>additional employee affects their bottom line more than blocking 10
>billion emails.

The guy spending his entire yearly wage in order to spam would need, I'd 
think, to earn more than that yearly wage to make spamming 
worthwhile.  Earning that wage takes him around 2000 hours/year - that's 
his primary job.  Make spamming hard enough that it takes 2000 hours of 
work to earn $40,000 and any sane spammer would give up - he's putting in 
4000 hours to clear what he already is earning.



> > The basic idea is sound, and some very effective fake open relays are
> > simply standard MTAs, reconfigured.  Those aren't going to be easily
> > identified.  More to the point is that this entire means of combatting
> > spammers and this entire opportunity to do so are both almost
> > completely ignored.  The idea has further extension.  An ISP with a
> > customer who is sending out large numbers of relay tests should be
> > easily able to identify that customer strictly by the pattern of his
> > outgoing traffic.  A large ISP cannot monitor the entire stream of its
>
>At least as far as outgoing traffic is concerned, wouldn't a server
>doing relay tests closely resemble any popular mailing list server? It
>might be identifiable if it gets a huge number of incoming RST's from
>port 25.

I think it would look exactly like a mailing list server, if that server is 
busy 24 hours/day.  That would be some mailing list server.  I don't doubt 
there are such but I couldn't name any.  If the TOS allow packet 
examination then it's a different story - the spam and/or the relay tests 
will stick out.  If you  DCC'd outgoing email then relay tests would be 
personalized for every recipient (because most relay tests have the tested 
IP either encoded or in plain text.)  If you simply look at destination 
IP's and compare that with the target addresses of the email then relay 
tests and relay spam stick out instantly.  Probably other statistical 
measures that avoid actual examination of the contents of outgoing messages 
would also serve to distinguish the valid form the invalid.

Here's some HTTP lines from a spam run I'm capturing - would a legitimate 
mailer ever have such content in its messages?

<a href=3D"http://www.quickmailorderbrides.com/remove/?oc=3D23900">Le<!--32=
152112-->t me kn<!--32151146-->ow an<!--321800041767-->d I won't wri<!--321=
<a href=3D"http://www.quickmailorderbrides.com/?oc=3D2390">A ni<!--48664627=
13614-->ce lady wa<!--4866462624478155-->nts to corr<!--4866462455010778-->=
<a href=3D"http://www.quickmailorderbrides.com/remove/?oc=3D23900">Le<!--48=
66462752305-->t me kn<!--486646222340-->ow an<!--486646222274-->d I won't w=
<a href=3D"http://www.quickmailorderbrides.com/?oc=3D2390">A ni<!--8784534-=
->ce lady wa<!--8781671-->nts to corr<!--878231134728-->espond with you.<!-=
<a href=3D"http://www.quickmailorderbrides.com/remove/?oc=3D23900">Le<!--87=
8566853511-->t me kn<!--87871-->ow an<!--87863245-->d I won't wri<!--878632=
<a href=3D"http://www.quickmailorderbrides.com/?oc=3D2390">A ni<!--56486335=
7458778354-->ce lady wa<!--56486335800484-->nts to corr<!--5648633533-->esp=
<a href=3D"http://www.quickmailorderbrides.com/remove/?oc=3D23900">Le<!--56=
48633566--><!-- b hiqzpw khxjmm npjtyl epu-->t me kn<!--564863350710-->ow a=

The messages are all to people not in my domain.  How many legitimate 
mailing lists are sent through relays?

r;boQbj@acnet.net
r;danQielle@a-o.com
r;rhQunt@americanleaseline.com
r;mcQg@acnet.net
r;jchQriste@addr.com
r;cgQsecor@aol.com
r;rolQf.hay@address.com
r;mvickQers@abimarketinggroup.com
r;benloQken@alltel.net
r;alexQica@agis.net
r;gcQook@aaawv.com
r;webQsite@addr.com
r;beaQnt@airnet.net
r;rQev@alt.net
r;stQarr@acuson.com

I munged the addresses slightly...

The point is not what I'm doing, the point is that more thought could be 
given to fighting back against the spammers at the abuse level.  There's 
probably several unexplored ideas - what are they?  (One guy got so tired 
of the relay spam volume that he programmed a very long response packet - 
to cause a buffer overflow in the sending system - to the spamware.  Just 
like that, after one such response,  the flow stopped...)

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To: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
From: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>
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>> And how do people get validate to get access to it securely? Because 
>> if
>> it's open, you just created a massive, pre-authorized and valid list 
>> of
>> addresses to suck off and spam. So you have to make it available to
>> almost anyone (because almost anyone can be a home business with an
>> e-marketing newsletter), but protect it from spammers who'll happily
>> agree to whatever you say, suck as many addresses as they can, and 
>> skip
>> off into the night...
>
> Use a database of SHA1 hashes. You can even maintain exceptions in that
> list (again, as sha1 hashes).
>

So, as a spammer, I still have the ability to verify my addresses as 
valid, but can't suck addresses out.

but if I'm the primary target of this, the e-market mass mailer, how 
does this work? I have a database of, say, 15 million e-mail addresses. 
If someone opts out in this central repository, how is that SHA1 hash 
going to get to all of the places it's supposed to be? Are you really 
expecting every e-marketer to test its database against the central 
server every (how often? week? bi-weekly? daily?) -- how do you scale 
this to handle thousands or tens of thousands of sites and their 
billions of lookups every week? Does it get pushed out to marketers? if 
so, how do you maintain control of it?

How do you build this infrastructure? manage it? pay for it? control 
it? secure it? Convince all of the e-marketers to use it? keep the 
spammers out of it?

And a key aspect of my original note was lost in this geeky stuff: how 
do you set it up in the first place so that users who use it get what 
they expect out of it? How do you define what lists ought to be managed 
with it and what lists don't so that both sides of the equation (the 
subscribers and the subscription managers) understand what is going to 
happen? I mean, seriously --- I get the occasional spam report through 
spamcop for the double-opt-in mailing list from a user who doesn't 
understand filing spam reports isn't how you unsubscribe. I won't even 
start with how AOL's set some of their stuff up (we had another user 
this week unsubscribed from a list because they'd blocked mail from a 
poster on the list, which generated enough bounces to remove them from 
the list -- and then they complained about being removed).

one way hashes are the EASY part. Now scale it to the real world.


-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/


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> Actually there's a problem with global opt-out lists.  They're global.
>
> For instance.  Does my putting my address on one keep Adobe from 
> sending me the product updates I asked for?  And if not, what keeps 
> every other company from claiming some prior business relationship.
>

I think this is a key point. there's a group of people who see all 
e-marketing stuff (company to user in some form or another) as junk 
mail to be nuked, just as there's a group in the paper world who see 
paper junk mail as something to be dumped (even though in the paper 
world, the commercial mailings subsidize a lot of the postal service 
costs).

Most people, though, aren't that polarized. There are things they want. 
This stuff isn't part of a binary world of "all good" or "all bad", so 
these global opt-outs or simplistic definitions.

So how do you turn this into a "do what I want" system? I dunno. 
Because I want my Amazon updates, I want my vendor info. I don't want 
to go to a global site in an attempt to get the spam out of my life and 
find the spam still coming, but all of the companies I want to hear 
from disappearing.

As an alternative for this kind of e-marketing chaos, I'd think about 
some kind of central site for managing unsubscriptions. E-marketing 
publications can be registered there and carry a unique identifier for 
the publication. So if a user wants off a list, they could go to 
www.unsubscribme.com, plop in their identifier and the publication 
identifier, and the unsubscribe happens. In return for signing up, that 
site manages an e-marketing whitelist for the publications, and a 
complaint management/conflict resolution process for those 
publications. The e-marketer gets whitelisted by being part of it, but 
has to keep their complaint volume down, and has to manage the 
unsubscribe requests accurately and timely, or risk losing the 
whitelisting. Users get a consistent subscription management interface 
and a third party to help with problem resolutionl. Lots of carrots, 
with sticks in the closet if needed. ISPs get someone pre-screening 
e-mail, so it can route around the spam processing sstuff and reduce 
their processing/server needs, simplifying their life.

e-marketing e-mail bonding. Funded through fees on the e-marketers, and 
fines on ones that go out of spec on their complaint levels.

That could work, be scaleable, and help get the chaos in the e-mrketing 
world (on both sides, since the e-marketers are being driven crazy by 
stupid spam filtering and would love to see this stuff cleaned up, too) 
under control -- which makes it easier to go and work on some other 
part of this whole problem... IMHO, there's no "single" solution here, 
since there's no "single" problem. So grab a chunk of the problem, find 
a solution, and move on to the next...

all IMHO...


-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/


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From: asrg-ietf@jackdaw.org
To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation
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Date: Sun, 16 Mar 2003 21:43:43 +0000

On Mon, Mar 10, 2003 at 12:56:05PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

<Some stuff snipped>
> The problem with opt-in for anti-spam campaigners is that the spam senders
> get a ready made list of people to spam. So the legislative trick to finesse
> this is to have an opt-out list that can be used to check to see if someone
> has opted out but not to see how to email them.
> 
> This requirement is met by a one-way function, as I have previously observed
> (and published in a very prior-art sense) in 1995 or so. There are a bunk of
> tweaks that can be applied to make processing more efficient but the upshot
> is that anyone can check against the list without the list being a source of
> spam addresses.
<Some more stuff snipped>

While such a list would not provide email addresses, it would allow email
addresses to be validated.

If I am a spammer in Elbonia with a 1,000,000 email address CD, then I
could submit each address in turn to the Opt-Out list.

Is abc@example.com in the Opt-Out list?  Yes
Is def@example.com in the Opt-Out list?  No
Is ghi@example.com in the Opt-Out list?  Yes

abc@example.com and ghi@example.com must be valid email addresses, so
I'll send them some spam.

This is why one does not respond to Opt-Out requests in spam; it
validates the email address to the spammer.  This system would allow
them to do this automatically.

-- 
Richard Laysell <ral@jackdaw.org>
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Date: Sun, 16 Mar 2003 18:46:09 -0600

At 01:14 PM 3/16/2003 -0800, Ronald F. Guilmette wrote:

>In message <4.3.2.7.2.20030316132105.00e55d30@mail.tds.net>, you wrote:
>
> > Anti-spammers far overwhelm spammers in their numbers, ...
>
>What makes you think so?

I guess it depends on how you count them.  If you count the people who JHD 
then I think the anti-spammers outnumber the spammers.  If you count the 
people who don't like spam then they outnumber the spammers.


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Date: Sun, 16 Mar 2003 19:27:03 -0600

At 03:39 PM 3/16/2003 -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>Okay.  A practical question.
>
>Let's say I extract from my logs a list of IP addresses that are 
>attempting to relay through my server.
>
>1. There is no way I'm going to set up a relay tarpit.  I'm already 
>bouncing one message every two seconds--I can't handle any additional hits 
>on my bandwidth.  It's been doubling every year since '96.

OK.  Do what makes sense for you.  I used to emphasize trapping spam, now I 
concentrate on passively capturing relay tests (although I did deliver some 
to one particular tester just to see what he spams.  Its' a MMF scheme and 
some "MEet Russian Women" crap.)  I also delivered one for someone I'm told 
now sells lists of open relays to spammers.


>2. But I'd be happy to auto-report those relay attempts.  Do you have 
>tools to do that?

No, I don't.


>Are they safe (e.g. no more than N reports about the same IP address in a 
>certain amount of time, consolidate multiple IP reports to the same report 
>address)?  How do I keep from auto-reporting my own users when they forget 
>to authenticate, or when they are using pop-before-smtp and the 
>authentication has timed out?
>
>Keep in mind that there are always border cases.  For instance 
>194.100.84.20 tries to relay through me (always to 
>anssi.karhu@skynetworks.fi) a thousand times or more a day.  How do you 
>auto-determine who owns that IP?  The reverse DNS lookup doesn't match.


I favor a conservative approach: if in doubt do whatever is least likely to 
cause any harm.  If you have doubts about a relay attempt then you could 
either not report it or you could tell the ISP you rejected the attempt but 
you don't know the nature of the email you rejected - t could be spam 
related.

It would seem worth your time to try to track down what is going on with 
194.100.84.20  - that's a lot of attempts.

Another option would be a central location that accepts reports of 
attempted relay and correlates them.  Many relay tests now come through 
open proxies, I think some destinations are false and that the tester 
actually relies on the bounces rather than on delivery (the destination is 
a particularly vulgar: 
<http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&selm=Xns93068404FFFF8someuser999nwsupcom%40192.168.1.6>

Cripes - that was 2 months ago.

Keep in mind that this is the ASRG mailing list of the IETF.  It is my 
impression that the goal is to seek effective ways to combat spam, the E in 
the parent group's name makes me think it is to be engineered.  There's 
plenty of opportunity in taking the approach I suggest, I do not suggest 
simply doing what I do.

There could be alternative IETF recommendations: a really good blocklist, 
suitable for even large ISPs (like AOL, although I doubt AOL would ever 
trust any list from outside unless it's use is completely voluntary on the 
part of the user.)

It's my impression that the desire is to move, as opposed to remain 
static.  I'm for that, I put forth my suggestion, I can see it might be 
chosen as the basis for further and wider action.  This is not (I hope) a 
place to have religious wars about which approach is best, it's a place for 
the planning of effective action.

Spam is a strange crime (insofar as it is a crime, and I don't mean to 
trigger discussion on that question.)  In principle every step taken by a 
relay spammer can be fully logged, once it is known where he connects to 
the internet. All the spam that originates on a major ISPs network could be 
monitored, if it is determined to be a crime somewhere and if the proper 
search warrant is issued.  That's an important consideration but the point 
I wish to make is that spammers are able to operate secretly largely 
because people who could watch them don't.  I believe that watching them is 
worth doing, in particular watching their abuse attempts.

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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>> BL "Listing all 
>>of UUNET?" 
>>- flat out false.  No even remotely respectable blacklist has 
>>ever done so.

> SPEWS listed VeriSign labs because it was on a UUNET address.

If that were true, that hardly implies that _all_ of UUNET space was 
blacklisted, now does it?

But in this case, it's different - Verisign _itself_ has spammed more 
than once.  No need to look any deeper than that.

[A simple google search for "verisign spam" will yield a number of 
samples.  ie: "partner marketing" with Roving Software.  Or the "Vice 
President, Customer Experience, Verisign" with Network Solutions spam. Etc.]

> Case closed, no appeal.

> SPEWS makes a point of never justifying itself to anyone, if they want
> to correct any statement they believe false they can speak for themselves.

Not necessary.

>>Re: Email Infrastructure [re: X.400 and UUCP]: "apparently 
>>technically 
>>sophisticated enough to use email but not sophisticated enough to use 
>>1980s technology.".  Ahem.  Unnecessary, gratuitous (and IMHO 
>>uneducated) insult.  

> SMTP does have problems, we should fix them.

> X.400 is not the answer. 

Nobody's suggesting that X.400 or UUCP is an answer to anything.  What 
I'm suggesting is that we shouldn't be so cavalier about completely 
disenfranchising other email infrastructures which still have 
considerable life in them, and good sound technical reasons for their 
continued use.


>>Re: Opt-out lists.  You skipped several arguments: if every 
>>company in 
>>the US spammed you just once over the course of a year, you'd have to 
>>opt-out 650 times per day. 

> Good point, I was trying to suggest a central opt-out list for that
> reason but never actually stated it.

> I think I should be able to opt out once and get off every list.

That would be obviously necessary for opt-out being viable at _all_.

However, short of legislative enforcement, that will never happen, 
because it's not in the marketer's best interests. Even with the 
"incentive" of "if you don't do it voluntarily, it'll be forced on you", 
it won't work.  Eg: the complete failure of the eMPS.

Secondly, as an absolute requirement, domains should be able to opt-out. 
When we met with the DMA a few years ago, we seemed to have managed to 
get them to reluctantly accept that notion (my corporate domain being 
the principle example). They reneged on that position less than 48 hours 
  later.

>>I think the comments about "fake originator" addresses isn't in the 
>>least sustainable by thorough statistical investigation.  
>>90%?  Not in 
>>our feed.

> It depends on the definition of fake. For the sample I examined the 
> emails had not come through the domains that they claimed.

As Vernon has commented a few times, there's no way to tell whether that 
is legitimate or not.  If I mailed from here using a hotmail address, is 
it fake?  You can't tell, short of determining whether I own the hotmail 
address in question.  Certainly, given things like the abysmal lack of 
proper rDNS setups in small-business setups (eg: wanadoo, BT, China, 
Korea, telesp) there's no way to tell what the right domain _is_ for a 
given mail server.

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Chuq Von Rospach wrote:

> but if I'm the primary target of this, the e-market mass mailer, how 
> does this work? I have a database of, say, 15 million e-mail addresses. 
> If someone opts out in this central repository, how is that SHA1 hash 
> going to get to all of the places it's supposed to be? Are you really 
> expecting every e-marketer to test its database against the central 
> server every (how often? week? bi-weekly? daily?) -- how do you scale 
> this to handle thousands or tens of thousands of sites and their 
> billions of lookups every week? Does it get pushed out to marketers? if 
> so, how do you maintain control of it?

Rodney Joffe (who built/ran some of the DMA's opt-out systems for direct 
surface mail marketing) built a prototype of an opt-out system where 
you'd run your list against his, and get back a cleaned one (this can in 
effect be reverse mined).  He built this specifically to prod the DMA 
into moving forward on one of their own (or use his).  When the DMA 
finally announced they were going to build one, Rodney dumped his.

Rodney's had the obviously necessary feature of "domain-wide" opt-out - 
why _shouldn't_ a corporate domain be able to opt out?

Rodney's list immediately showed why no-one will ever accept a global 
opt-out list:  within a week, domains comprising on the order of 60 
million email address had opted out.


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Date: 16 Mar 2003 22:45:57 -0500

In article <33D5B790-577A-11D7-9AED-0003934516A8@plaidworks.com>,
Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com> wrote:
>
>On Saturday, March 15, 2003, at 09:18  PM, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>> I think I should be able to opt out once and get off every list.
>
>I like this idea, but I wonder if it's practical.

Considering the number of times it's already failed, including Rodney
Joffe's safeEPS and the Direct Marketing Association's e-MPS, I think
we can safely say that it's not practical.

Technically it's no big deal, the central source compiles its list of
addresses and then sends out hashcodes of all of them every week or
month or whatever.

The problem is one of the crucial differences between postal addresses
and phone numbers on the one hand, and e-mail addresses on the other.
The post office has a master list of every valid postal address in the
U.S., and an outfit called NANPA has a list of every valid NXX-NXX in
North America.  That makes it posssible to test in a straightforward
way whether an address or phone number exists and if so whether it's
in the list.

E-mail addresses aren't like that.  There's no master list of e-mail
addresses and there never will be since it's up to the management of
every domain to define the structure of its mailboxes.  What with ISPs
that offer multiple mailboxes, vanity domains, tagged subaddresses,
and fuzzy match LDAP servers, it's common for users to have more than
one address, and some of us have way, way more than one address.  In
my case, I have about a dozen addresses in my primary domain iecc.com,
(various misspellings of my name, plus postmaster, hostmaster,
webmaster and abuse), I'm every address in a bunch of private domains
like johnlevine.com and abuse.net, and I'm postmaster, hostmaster,
webmaster, and abuse at about 150 customer domains.  What's more,
there are hundreds if not thousands of addresses in iecc.com and
gurus.com that have been misscraped over the years and get lots of
spam even though they've never been valid mailboxes.  My situation
is perhaps extreme but it's not unique, and plenty of people at
companies with LDAP mail can be addressed as john.smith, john.q.smith,
john-smith, j.smith, and a whole bunch of other variant addresses.

Are supposed to enumerate every possible permuation of our addresses
for the convenience of spammers?  Even if we permit domain wildcards
(something the DMA strenuously resists with e-MPS), it's still an
absurd task, and given the reality of dictionary attacks, spammers
will still make up addresses faster than we can opt them out.

See my next message for a per-server opt-out technique that I think
is workable.



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Chuq Von Rospach wrote:

>> Actually there's a problem with global opt-out lists.  They're global.

>> For instance.  Does my putting my address on one keep Adobe from 
>> sending me the product updates I asked for?  And if not, what keeps 
>> every other company from claiming some prior business relationship.

> I think this is a key point. there's a group of people who see all 
> e-marketing stuff (company to user in some form or another) as junk mail 
> to be nuked, just as there's a group in the paper world who see paper 
> junk mail as something to be dumped (even though in the paper world, the 
> commercial mailings subsidize a lot of the postal service costs).

Much simpler than that.  "opt-out", whether global or otherwise, is 
clearly only intended for unsolicited email.  Why would opting out of 
unsolicited email affect that which you have solicited?

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Date: 16 Mar 2003 23:09:23 -0500

A couple of years ago Paul Hoffman and I worked out a scheme of SMTP
banner tags that server owners could use to publish their spam policies.
Laws about bulk mail could then require that mailers obey the tags.

Every SMTP transaction starts with the server sending a banner like this:

220 some random text

RFC 2821 says nothing about the text other than that the total line length
including the CRLF at the end can't be longer than 512 characters.  Our
proposal defines some simple strings that a server puts in the banner to
specify both the policy and the location of the server so any clients can
tell what law applies.  For example:

220 MAIL.EXAMPLE.COM   NO UCE C=US L=CA

NO UCE means no unsolicited commercial email accepted, C=US L=CA specify
the country and state in X.500-ese.  Or it could say

220 MAIL.EXAMPLE.COM  NO UBE C=US L=NY

NO UBE means no unsolicited bulk mail, this time in New York.

That's it.  When sending mail through relays, the banner from the MX
server for the recipient's domain is the one that matters.  If a domain
has multiple MX servers, it's up to the domain's management to make the
banners consistent.

Mailers can either test the banners on the fly while sending mail, or they
can use a listwashing program that checks the banners for the domains in a
list.  We have both the draft proposal and some sample listwashing code
(not because we think it's a particularly good idea, but to show how easy
it is) at http://www.cauce.org/proposal/

Some people have suggested making the banner an ESMTP extension rather
than putting it in the initial tag.  We don't like that idea both because
there are still plenty of servers that don't do ESMTP and because it
requires more work from the server to display the tag, at least three
round trips rather than just one.

Some have asked what if mail goes through either an ISP's mail server or
stolen relays so the sender doesn't see the recipient's tag.  The answer
is tough luck, it's the sender's job to check the tag, either by using a
mailing service that checks tags or by listwashing.

The point of the tags is to strengthen the property rights approach to
mail management, that the server's owner gets to make the rules.  In
effect this is a global opt-out list, but one that scales in the number of
servers rather than the number of mailboxes and that distributes the
opt-out info rather than requiring a central registry.  We've had
considerable interest from state legislators in California and Ohio to
refer to this in state law, and I hope to plug it at the FTC spam fest
next month.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer Commissioner
"I dropped the toothpaste", said Tom, crestfallenly.

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John R. Levine wrote:

> Are supposed to enumerate every possible permuation of our addresses
> for the convenience of spammers?  Even if we permit domain wildcards
> (something the DMA strenuously resists with e-MPS), it's still an
> absurd task, and given the reality of dictionary attacks, spammers
> will still make up addresses faster than we can opt them out.

We have a similar situation - our spamtrap domains were previously used 
by our company.  For a variety of reasons, we "leaked" literally 
thousands of variations on the theme "user@<host>.domain", but ignored 
"<host>" in our mail infrastructure.  Thus, any user had a virtually 
infinite number of aliases.  In practise, many people had as many as 30 
or more get scraped and spammed.  Not to mention <employeeid>@domain, 
<firstname.lastname>@domain etc.

Domain-wide opt-out is crucially necessary for this to fly at all. 
Enumerating even one variation of each user's email address in an 
opt-out list would both be impractical (dozens, if not hundreds of 
updates per day), and get me shot by Security.

But domain-wide opt-out is the most problematic getting acceptance. 
John remembers our trip to the DMA...

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On Sunday, March 16, 2003, at 07:45  PM, Chris Lewis wrote:
> Rodney's had the obviously necessary feature of "domain-wide" opt-out 
> - why _shouldn't_ a corporate domain be able to opt out?

All my systems have one. There's no reason not to, and many good 
reasons to allow it, IMHO. especially with the proliferation of 
personal domains where all addresses are valid and forwarded to a 
single real email address, usually with no clean way of finding out 
what address it went to.

> Rodney's list immediately showed why no-one will ever accept a global 
> opt-out list:  within a week, domains comprising on the order of 60 
> million email address had opted out.
>

(shrug). that's the wrong attitude, but I've seen it. Better attitude: 
why worry about people who don't want your mail anyway? All you do is 
piss them off and make them less likely, not more likely.


-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/


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Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
> 
> On Sunday, March 16, 2003, at 07:45  PM, Chris Lewis wrote:
> 
>> Rodney's had the obviously necessary feature of "domain-wide" opt-out 
>> - why _shouldn't_ a corporate domain be able to opt out?
> 
> 
> All my systems have one. There's no reason not to, and many good reasons 
> to allow it, IMHO. especially with the proliferation of personal domains 
> where all addresses are valid and forwarded to a single real email 
> address, usually with no clean way of finding out what address it went to.

Or corporate ones, where the corporation gets to decide how the email 
system gets used.

>> Rodney's list immediately showed why no-one will ever accept a global 
>> opt-out list:  within a week, domains comprising on the order of 60 
>> million email address had opted out

> (shrug). that's the wrong attitude, but I've seen it. Better attitude: 
> why worry about people who don't want your mail anyway? All you do is 
> piss them off and make them less likely, not more likely.

The "pissing in the community swimming pool" argument has never deterred 
spammers before, why should it now? :-(

The DMA was dead-set against it.  We seemed to have changed their mind 
in the meeting we had with them.  They reneged almost immediately 
thereafter.

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>First of all the problem is not limited to web clients. It's a problem for 
>everyone who offers a free email service, regardless what clients their 
>"customers" use.

No, the "problem" is that you're applying the current E-Mail system to a 
different method.  If you read the method through, you'll see that there 
are no relay agents in the protocol.  There are send clients(computer users 
trying to send mail), mail hosts(server which houses mail messages for 
later retrieval by an end user), and end users(people who are getting the 
mail).  When you send mail, you're sending to the mail host, you do not 
send to an ISP SMTP server which in turn relays the message to the final 
server.  Like every other server/client setup on the Internet, if the mail 
host is down, your message cannot be sent at that time it does not get 
"cached" somewhere until the SMTP server decides to bounce it back.

>Your "simple solution" is bad.

I think you're misunderstanding it.

>Example:
>Dial-In user ---> ISP's/freemailer's relay
>relay --> final destination (temporally unreachable)
>Dial-In user goes offline
>relay (retrying) --> final destination
>
>If the final destination is a malicious pseudo server, the *relay* will 
>have to handle the requested, impossible authentication task.

There are no relay servers.  If the mail host gives you an impossible task, 
only the send client will be tied up.  Why would a mail host give a mail 
sender an impossible task? and if they did, who's to say that the mail 
sender cannot push a "Cancel" button?  These tasks are designed to take on 
an order of 10 seconds to 1 minutes max, it will be very apparent to a mail 
sender that the task is not completing correctly.  First of all, it's not 
practical for a mail host to give out impossible tasks; mail hosts want 
mail to go through, not to be bounced. Second of all, with no relays how is 
erroneous problems debilitating in any way? when only the mail sender has 
the remote possibility of getting an impossible task, how is it not 
possible to cancel or retry sending?

>Even if you would solve this, so a original sender would not be able to 
>take down relays by using malicious pseudo servers, there remains a problem.
>What if a former normal server would be replaced by a malicious pseudo 
>server (by virus/worm or hack)? All clients would try to solve impossible 
>authentication tasks, given from the "new" server, no matter wheter the 
>were whitelisted at the original server or not.

No relay servers.  Yes, what if a server was replaced by a malicious pseudo 
server and all clients were given impossible tasks?  This question is 
analogous to asking what if a site's web server was replaced with a fake 
one and was giving out bogus web pages.  No admin would should allow his 
server to be replaced by a "malicious pseudo server"; and even if it was, 
how is this problem specifically related to the implementation?  This is a 
problem with any un trusted network and has no bearing on what the overview 
trying to implement.


>In short: If the destination requests an impossible problem solution (in 
>result of error, manipulation or whatever) the sender is the one who 
>suffers. And the sender will not be able to discover this before it has to 
>suffer.

Yes, it is the sender who suffers, how is this an issue?  No bandwidth is 
being used, no CPU time is being used by the mail host when the send client 
is working, only sender computation time, which could be stopped with the 
infamous "Cancel" button.
Yes the sender can discover errors within a finite period of time.  I'm 
sorry for not giving out explicit details in the overview as it was trying 
to portray an idea, not a specific implementation.  In the case of a mail 
sender not knowing when to stop searching for a key; the mail host would be 
able to give parameters to the mail sender as to how large the key is.  If 
the sender is unwilling/unable to find the key of a specified size, it 
knows there was an error and only a few seconds of CPU time was lost.


>>You do bring up an a valid point that web clients would be harder to 
>>implement, but I truly believe the benefits of this method far outweigh a 
>>slightly harder web client implementation.
>
>I don't think it's a good idea to "solve" problems of the concept in the 
>implementations. "Needs workaround by design" stinks.'

This is not a work around, you're misunderstanding the idea.


>Erm ... and what about replying to the list next time?

My mistake.

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Date: Sun, 16 Mar 2003 20:43:57 -0800
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On Sunday, March 16, 2003, at 07:48  PM, Chris Lewis wrote:

> Much simpler than that.  "opt-out", whether global or otherwise, is 
> clearly only intended for unsolicited email.  Why would opting out of 
> unsolicited email affect that which you have solicited?
>

You'd be amazed at the number of people who sign up for something, then 
complain about the spam when they get their first copy. Or forget that 
they agreed to accept postings when they (a) went to a web site, (b) 
registered a product, (c) name your favorite.

And these aren't deceptive forms like some sites. some are "not 
subscribed unless they get selected" -- and I've still spent time with 
people who acknowledge going through the forms and still say things are 
unsolicited. (shrug). and people forget what they did, too.

Unsolicited is a lot less well-defined than I'd like, unfortunately... 
I wish it was.



-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/


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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam
References: <5.1.0.14.0.20030315210111.00b91c48@mail.SoftHome.net> <5.1.0.14.2.20030316024319.01ceb158@mail.generalprotectionf ault.de> <5.1.0.14.0.20030315171040.00b463f0@mail.SoftHome.net> <5.1.0.14.0.20030316221304.00b4eee8@mail.SoftHome.net>
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meor@mail.SoftHome.net wrote:
> 
>> First of all the problem is not limited to web clients. It's a problem 
>> for everyone who offers a free email service, regardless what clients 
>> their "customers" use.
> 
> 
> No, the "problem" is that you're applying the current E-Mail system to a 
> different method.  If you read the method through, you'll see that there 
> are no relay agents in the protocol.  There are send clients(computer 
> users trying to send mail), mail hosts(server which houses mail messages 
> for later retrieval by an end user), and end users(people who are 
> getting the mail).  When you send mail, you're sending to the mail host, 
> you do not send to an ISP SMTP server which in turn relays the message 
> to the final server.  Like every other server/client setup on the 
> Internet, if the mail host is down, your message cannot be sent at that 
> time it does not get "cached" somewhere until the SMTP server decides to 
> bounce it back.
> 
>> Your "simple solution" is bad.
> 
> 
> I think you're misunderstanding it.
> 
>> Example:
>> Dial-In user ---> ISP's/freemailer's relay
>> relay --> final destination (temporally unreachable)
>> Dial-In user goes offline
>> relay (retrying) --> final destination
>>
>> If the final destination is a malicious pseudo server, the *relay* 
>> will have to handle the requested, impossible authentication task.
> 
> 
> There are no relay servers.  If the mail host gives you an impossible 
> task, only the send client will be tied up.

Every mail client would have to become a full mail server with MX'ing, 
queuing and the rest of the 9 yards.  Sending an email to large numbers 
of recipients (especially mailing lists) would become extremely unreliable.

There goes any chance for rate limiting, send filtering, or even logging 
(especially in a corporate environment).  Legitimate bulk mailing would 
become excrutiatingly painful.

I think this cure is worse than the disease.  It'd never fly in a 
corporate environment.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Position paper, in zipped HTML 
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In message <3E754204.5040101@americasm01.nt.com>, 
"Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:

>But in this case, it's different - Verisign _itself_ has spammed more 
>than once.  No need to look any deeper than that.
>
>[A simple google search for "verisign spam" will yield a number of 
>samples.  ie: "partner marketing" with Roving Software.  Or the "Vice 
>President, Customer Experience, Verisign" with Network Solutions spam. Etc.]

I still have a few of the spams they sent me, in my archives, if
anybody needs them for anything.  (Apparently, if you were unlucky
enough to be foced into doing business with them back in the bad old
days when they ran the one and only domain name monopoly, they later
decided that that they had a ``prexisting business relationship''
with you which made it OK for them to spam you, even though you only
ever wanted a domain name registration, WITHOUT the side-order of
spam.)

>As Vernon has commented a few times, there's no way to tell whether that 
>is legitimate or not.  If I mailed from here using a hotmail address, is 
>it fake?  You can't tell, short of determining whether I own the hotmail 
>address in question.  Certainly, given things like the abysmal lack of 
>proper rDNS setups in small-business setups (eg: wanadoo, BT, China, 
>Korea, telesp) there's no way to tell what the right domain _is_ for a 
>given mail server.

Two points:

First, by and large Wanadoo space, BT space, and Telesp space almost all
_does_ have at least _some_ inverse DNS.  It's only the jerks in China,
Korea, and other parts of the far east that never managed to make it
to the chapter on reverse DNS in their copies of the Cricket book.

Second, I have to disagree with the view that rDNS is necessary to
definitively identify a given mail server.  If you can get the given
mail server to act as an SMTP client to you, then there is another
way.

In a nutshell, if some SMTP client says to you `HELO foo.bar.com' then
6 times out of 10 a forward lookup on `foo.bar.com' will get you the
IP address of that same SMTP client and another 3 times out of 10,
looking up the MX records for `bar.com' will get you the IP address
of that same SMTP client.  So 9 times out of 10 you can accurately
associate a domain name with a given SMTP client, even in the total
absence of rDNS.
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Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
> 
> On Sunday, March 16, 2003, at 07:48  PM, Chris Lewis wrote:
> 
>> Much simpler than that.  "opt-out", whether global or otherwise, is 
>> clearly only intended for unsolicited email.  Why would opting out of 
>> unsolicited email affect that which you have solicited?
>>
> 
> You'd be amazed at the number of people who sign up for something, then 
> complain about the spam when they get their first copy. Or forget that 
> they agreed to accept postings when they (a) went to a web site, (b) 
> registered a product, (c) name your favorite.

I'm quite well aware of that.  All the more reason that a generic 
"opt-out" strategy explicitly exclude solicited material - otherwise, 
users are faced with the unenviable position of having to either get 
bombarded with _everything_ _anyone_ wants to send them, or get nothing 
whatsoever, solicited or not.

If we're going to go the route of legitimizing _any_ unsolicited email 
and at the same time, letting anyone do anything about spam, we have to 
provide means of differentiating between solicited and unsolicited in 
the opt-out strategy.

> And these aren't deceptive forms like some sites. some are "not 
> subscribed unless they get selected" -- and I've still spent time with 
> people who acknowledge going through the forms and still say things are 
> unsolicited. (shrug). and people forget what they did, too.

> Unsolicited is a lot less well-defined than I'd like, unfortunately... I 
> wish it was.

The solution is simple (at least conceptually) - mailers of solicited 
material have to keep good records.

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Date: Sun, 16 Mar 2003 22:57:42 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>

> ...
> But domain-wide opt-out is the most problematic getting acceptance. 
> John remembers our trip to the DMA...

I hope "problematic" was sarcastic.  Members of DMA are not stupid.
They know how many domains would choose to not opt-out.  Even bulk
mail senders would opt-out by domain if they could.  Almost no one
wants unsolicited bulk mail.  An majority of users at almost every
domain would a prior opt-out if they could, which is to say that they'd
demand their domain be opted-out.  Can you name a single domain with
any real users that would not opt-out?--I can't.

The only domain-wide opt-out that will ever be honored will be implmented
on the SMTP servers of the domain.  The same applies to any sort of
opt-out.  The experience with the Colorado do-not-call list (a large
part of the state signed up long before with live) and the screams of
outrage about the new Federal do-not-call list from the telemarketers
are relevant.


That fact gives me an excuse to write about a problem with the
charter for this mailing list.  The problem involves what seems
to be some idea of convey consent to receive mail to mail senders.

It is unrealistic bordering on insane to depend on anything that
requires marketing and sales people to not act on the hope that you
made a mistake when you opted out 6 months ago or that you might now
be interested.  The nature of the job requires semi-cold calling, or
testing whether prospects are still uninterested and really meant
to opt-out.  For example, that's why two years after some accounts
@rhyolite.com opted-out of Dell Computer junk mail and then were
disabled and turned into spam traps, Dell decided to give them "free
subscriptions" to a monthly newsletter about special deals.

Consent to receive mail will only be honored by agents of the user.
Agents of mail senders will always err on the side of sending given
any excuse, no matter how unlikely.  There's no point in telling mail
senders what mail you don't want, because they'll be driven to find
a way to understand any refusal as not applying to them.  If you say
you don't want to hear about X, they'll discover that what they have
to say is unrelated to X.  If you say you don't want to hear from
outfit Y, they'll point out that they're now sending from Z.  If you
say you want to hear nothing at all, they'll say they must have
misunderstood because you wouldn't have a public mailbox if you didn't
want to receive mail from strangers.

It would be crazy to convey indications of consent to advertisers
and expect them to honor anything except "sure, tell me more."

  ...

Should this mailing list be considered shut down until next week?  
Is there any hope that new drafts proposed taxonomies will be written
during the excitement of the IETF meetng?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Ronald F. Guilmette wrote:

>>As Vernon has commented a few times, there's no way to tell whether that 
>>is legitimate or not.  If I mailed from here using a hotmail address, is 
>>it fake?  You can't tell, short of determining whether I own the hotmail 
>>address in question.  Certainly, given things like the abysmal lack of 
>>proper rDNS setups in small-business setups (eg: wanadoo, BT, China, 
>>Korea, telesp) there's no way to tell what the right domain _is_ for a 
>>given mail server.

> Two points:

> First, by and large Wanadoo space, BT space, and Telesp space almost all
> _does_ have at least _some_ inverse DNS.

I said "proper" DNS - that doesn't include those with pool ids instead 
of proper name assignment.

> In a nutshell, if some SMTP client says to you `HELO foo.bar.com' then
> 6 times out of 10 a forward lookup on `foo.bar.com' will get you the
> IP address of that same SMTP client and another 3 times out of 10,
> looking up the MX records for `bar.com' will get you the IP address
> of that same SMTP client.  So 9 times out of 10 you can accurately
> associate a domain name with a given SMTP client, even in the total
> absence of rDNS.

That presumes, for example, that every mail server is only authoritive 
for one domain.  That breaks even for us.  Breaks hugely for people with 
their own domains mailing thru ISP servers - which we want them to do if 
they're DHCP (for example).

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 >Every mail client would have to become a full mail server with MX'ing, 
queuing and the rest of the 9 yards.  Sending an email to large numbers of 
recipients (especially mailing lists) would become extremely unreliable.

I believe these problems are a large result of comparing this technique to 
how E-Mail is currently handled right now.  Every sending client would not 
have to become a mail server.  The sending clients could use normal 
A-record lookups to resolve DNS names instead of using MX records.  The 
sending client would not have to implement server queues as it would only 
be sending mail from one user.

 >There goes any chance for rate limiting, send filtering, or even logging 
(especially in a corporate environment).

I don't see how rate limiting would be affected with this method, I would 
like to know exactly what you mean by this.  Send filtering and logging 
however are different topics, both of these are easy to get around by any 
knowledgeable computer user.  Could you give some examples of how send 
filtering and logging are beneficial to corporations?  Is this logging any 
different than just normal usage logging that administrators 
perform?  Logging like to see what users are doing with HTTP, FTP, 
messaging systems, etc.  Could logging programs not be adapted, if people 
wanted to, to log new protocols like this one?

 >Legitimate bulk mailing would become excrutiatingly painful.

Well, right now legitimate bulk mailing is kind of broken.  In order for 
myself to sign up to this list I had to send and receive 3 pieces of 
E-Mail.  In the overview I did address bulk mailing.  If a bulk mailer is 
on a white list of someone(legitimate), then the bulk mailer does not have 
to use any CPU time to send the message, it is allowed to be sent as simply 
as it is right now.  This makes it perfectly possible for a bulk mailer to 
send out hundreds of thousands of E-Mail messages to users who want to 
receive them.  I don't see how legitimate bulk mailing would be hindered by 
this method.  On the contrary; I think this method could help out bulk 
mailers as end users would clearly know who they've placed on their list of 
accepted senders and would eliminate users accidentally reporting 
legitimate or solicited bulk mail as unsolicited.

 >I think this cure is worse than the disease.

I don't see how this is true.  I believe this method is a more robust 
method opposed to simple E-Mail system we use right now.  As such it 
requires slightly different methods, but even the current E-Mail system has 
it's own methods to get used to.  Different is not the same as worse.

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meor@mail.SoftHome.net wrote:
>  >Every mail client would have to become a full mail server with MX'ing, 
> queuing and the rest of the 9 yards.  Sending an email to large numbers 
> of recipients (especially mailing lists) would become extremely unreliable.
> 
> I believe these problems are a large result of comparing this technique 
> to how E-Mail is currently handled right now.  Every sending client 
> would not have to become a mail server.  The sending clients could use 
> normal A-record lookups to resolve DNS names instead of using MX 
> records.

Why on earth would you want to abandon MXes?  MXes serve an extremely 
useful purpose even if your "solution" was adopted - failover, 
prioritization, enabling systems not on the Internet to receive email 
(hint: my home machine doesn't have, and has no need for, an A record. 
Couldn't use one even if it had one.  It's not Internet-connected.).

There's also the issue of having to expose internal email topology (eg: 
which machine holds my mailbox?  You can't tell.  We don't want you to 
be able to tell.  We don't want anyone to be able to connect to it 
directly at _all_.)

> The sending client would not have to implement server queues 
> as it would only be sending mail from one user.

When faced with the option of not being able to hit send unless the 
recipient's mailbox machine was currently online, sending clients would 
have to. Dealing with sporadic machine outages would make mailing lists 
(or even modest receiver lists) extremely unpleasant to operate if you 
couldn't queue.  Imagine the world-wide grief if a backhoe took out 
AOL's connectivity for a short time, or an individual mailbox server 
went down.  My home machine would never get another email again...

> >There goes any chance for rate limiting, send filtering, or even 
> >logging (especially in a corporate environment).

> I don't see how rate limiting would be affected with this method, I 
> would like to know exactly what you mean by this.

How would ISP (or a corporation) block outbound mailbombs and the like 
if they don't get to see the traffic?  Legal liabilities galore.

> Send filtering and 
> logging however are different topics, both of these are easy to get 
> around by any knowledgeable computer user.

Huh?  I'd like to see any of our users get around our send filtering and 
logging.  Hint: we block direct outbound email simply by denying 
outbound port 25.  As do many ISPs with dialup pool router blocks. Short 
of active collusion with outside entities (eg: port forwarding ala open 
proxies) they can't.

> Could you give some examples 
> of how send filtering and logging are beneficial to corporations?

Blocking outbound klez.  I wish Verizon would do that...
Logging all email is becoming a legal necessity these days [Patriot Act 
plus others, mutter].

> Is 
> this logging any different than just normal usage logging that 
> administrators perform?  Logging like to see what users are doing with 
> HTTP, FTP, messaging systems, etc.  Could logging programs not be 
> adapted, if people wanted to, to log new protocols like this one?

Yeah, by implementing proxies as they do for HTTP and FTP.  Which 
defeats your proposal because they're nothing more than intermediate 
mail servers.  Packet logging is impractical or useless - it shows 
nothing of the details of the email, such as recipient address.

>  >Legitimate bulk mailing would become excrutiatingly painful.

> Well, right now legitimate bulk mailing is kind of broken.  In order for 
> myself to sign up to this list I had to send and receive 3 pieces of 
> E-Mail.  In the overview I did address bulk mailing.  If a bulk mailer 
> is on a white list of someone(legitimate), then the bulk mailer does not 
> have to use any CPU time to send the message, it is allowed to be sent 
> as simply as it is right now.

So now we have two email protocols, one for bulk and one for non-bulk. Ouch.

> I don't see how this is true.  I believe this method is a more robust 
> method opposed to simple E-Mail system we use right now.  As such it 
> requires slightly different methods, but even the current E-Mail system 
> has it's own methods to get used to.  Different is not the same as worse.

Requiring the recipient mailbox machine to be online and operational at 
the time of sending a piece of email is, by itself, considerably worse 
than the status quo.  Race conditions. Etc. Vastly more unreliable.

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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 02:17:16 -0500

--==_Exmh_273421704P
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

On Sun, 16 Mar 2003 21:30:02 PST, "Ronald F. Guilmette" <rfg@monkeys.com>  said:

> In a nutshell, if some SMTP client says to you `HELO foo.bar.com' then
> 6 times out of 10 a forward lookup on `foo.bar.com' will get you the
> IP address of that same SMTP client and another 3 times out of 10,
> looking up the MX records for `bar.com' will get you the IP address
> of that same SMTP client.  So 9 times out of 10 you can accurately
> associate a domain name with a given SMTP client, even in the total
> absence of rDNS.

Probably true of well-behaved SMTP transactions.  I've noticed an annoying
tendency of late for spammers to say 'HELO your.host.here', to the point
where I'm THIS close to telling RFC2821, section 4.1.4 to stuff it:

   An SMTP server MAY verify that the domain name parameter in the EHLO
   command actually corresponds to the IP address of the client.
   However, the server MUST NOT refuse to accept a message for this
   reason if the verification fails: the information about verification
   failure is for logging and tracing only.

If the EHLO has one of my names on it, but not one of my IP addresses,
they can take a flying leap as far as I'm concerned.

--==_Exmh_273421704P
Content-Type: application/pgp-signature

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Version: GnuPG v1.2.1 (GNU/Linux)
Comment: Exmh version 2.5 07/13/2001

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--==_Exmh_273421704P--
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 <3E7544E9.3010507@americasm01.nt.com>
To: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Position paper, in zipped HTML
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 02:53:40 -0500

At 10:45 PM -0500 3/16/03, Chris Lewis wrote:
>Rodney's list immediately showed why no-one will ever accept a 
>global opt-out list:  within a week, domains comprising on the order 
>of 60 million email address had opted out.

Actually opted out, or had someone wrote a program to do it?

Massachusetts has a new opt-out web interface for phone spam.  It 
verifies the phone number using your address.  Writing software to 
opt-out virtually everyone in the state would not be that hard.

Unfortunately (or not) it turns out that opt-out lists have the same 
problem as email in general.  No authentication.

I assume that's why opting out of phone spam (the marketing opt-out 
list, not the one the feds are setting up) is free if you send them a 
letter, but costs $5 if you do it on-line.  Authentication by level 
of effort.  Although the claim is that the $5 is to cover costs.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: "'Asrg@ietf.org'" <Asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Position paper, in zipped HTML 
In-reply-to: Your message of Mon, 17 Mar 2003 01:04:19 -0500.
             <3E756563.9090407@americasm01.nt.com> 
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 01:32:07 -0800


In message <3E756563.9090407@americasm01.nt.com>, 
"Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:

>> In a nutshell, if some SMTP client says to you `HELO foo.bar.com' then
>> 6 times out of 10 a forward lookup on `foo.bar.com' will get you the
>> IP address of that same SMTP client and another 3 times out of 10,
>> looking up the MX records for `bar.com' will get you the IP address
>> of that same SMTP client.  So 9 times out of 10 you can accurately
>> associate a domain name with a given SMTP client, even in the total
>> absence of rDNS.
>
>That presumes, for example, that every mail server is only authoritive 
>for one domain.

It does?  How?

I think that you may perhaps have misunderstood what I actually said,
and/or the limits thereof.

>  That breaks even for us.  Breaks hugely for people with 
>their own domains mailing thru ISP servers - which we want them to do if 
>they're DHCP (for example).

Please note that I never said a word about envelope sender addresses,
or about the domain parts thereof.

I only said that given a random mail server `M' which says `HELO x.y.z'
when it is acting as an SMTP client, the odds are very high (as I myself
have confirmed, empirically) that a forward DNS lookup on x.y.z will
yield the IP address of the SMTP client in question, or that forward
DNS lookups on one or more of the MX names for the domain `y.z' will
yield the IP address of the SMTP client in question.

This is simply a way to validate the name/ownership of a given specific
mail server.  It is entirely independent of, and orthogonal to the
possible transmission of any actual message or messages.

The mail server in question may perhaps be programmed to receive and
accept incoming messages for a number of different domains, and/or it
may be programmed to send outgoing mail for a number of different users
whose return addresses are in different domains, but none of that relates
in any direct way to the mail server's own identity and/or ownership,
which is all I was speaking about in my prior message.
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To: "'Asrg@ietf.org'" <Asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Position paper, in zipped HTML 
In-reply-to: Your message of Mon, 17 Mar 2003 02:17:16 -0500.
             <200303170717.h2H7HGOo003158@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> 
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 01:49:50 -0800


In message <200303170717.h2H7HGOo003158@turing-police.cc.vt.edu>, 
Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:

>On Sun, 16 Mar 2003 21:30:02 PST, "Ronald F. Guilmette" <rfg@monkeys.com>  sai
>d:
>
>> In a nutshell, if some SMTP client says to you `HELO foo.bar.com' then
>> 6 times out of 10 a forward lookup on `foo.bar.com' will get you the
>> IP address of that same SMTP client and another 3 times out of 10,
>> looking up the MX records for `bar.com' will get you the IP address
>> of that same SMTP client.  So 9 times out of 10 you can accurately
>> associate a domain name with a given SMTP client, even in the total
>> absence of rDNS.
>
>Probably true of well-behaved SMTP transactions.  I've noticed an annoying
>tendency of late for spammers to say 'HELO your.host.here', to the point
>where I'm THIS close to telling RFC2821, section 4.1.4 to stuff it:
>
>   An SMTP server MAY verify that the domain name parameter in the EHLO
>   command actually corresponds to the IP address of the client.
>   However, the server MUST NOT refuse to accept a message for this
>   reason if the verification fails: the information about verification
>   failure is for logging and tracing only.

I and at least a few others already _have_ ``told RFC2821, section 4.1.4
to stuff it''.  (That RFC doesn't pay my monthly connectivity bills.)

If you did that, you would instantly rid yourself of about 99.9% of all
open-proxy spam.  (Virtually all of this stuff comes in with blatantly
forged HELO names, usually something in the *.yahoo.com domain.)

I predict that there will come a point in time, not too far into the
future, where just as most sane admins today refuse incoming e-mail
from known open relays, most sane admins with any brains will no longer
accept incoming e-mail unless the HELO name _does_ in fact ``verify''
back to the SMTP client IP address via a forward lookup.

I mean when you think about it, it is actually kind-of ludicrous to
accept mail from servers that (a) you don't know and that (b) have
declined to identify themselves (or their ownership) to you using
the standard RFC-defined and RFC-*mandated* method for server self-
identification.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam
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To: meor@mail.SoftHome.net
From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 11:34:41 +0000
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On Monday, Mar 17, 2003, at 05:58 Europe/London, meor@mail.SoftHome.net 
wrote:

> >Legitimate bulk mailing would become excrutiatingly painful.
>
> Well, right now legitimate bulk mailing is kind of broken.  In order 
> for myself to sign up to this list I had to send and receive 3 pieces 
> of E-Mail.  In the overview I did address bulk mailing.  If a bulk 
> mailer is on a white list of someone(legitimate), then the bulk mailer 
> does not have to use any CPU time to send the message, it is allowed 
> to be sent as simply as it is right now.  This makes it perfectly 
> possible for a bulk mailer to send out hundreds of thousands of E-Mail 
> messages to users who want to receive them.  I don't see how 
> legitimate bulk mailing would be hindered by this method.  On the 
> contrary; I think this method could help out bulk mailers as end users 
> would clearly know who they've placed on their list of accepted 
> senders and would eliminate users accidentally reporting legitimate or 
> solicited bulk mail as unsolicited.

If you sign up for C|Net's daily newsletters, who do you whitelist? 
*@cnet.com? *@news.com?

Or do you have to wait for the newsletter to come in before you can 
create a whitelist entry for them?

I ask because C|Net's newsletter doesn't come from anywhere you might 
expect it to come from.

Matt.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 13:02:27 +0100

At 17.03.2003 11:34 +0000, you wrote:
>On Monday, Mar 17, 2003, at 05:58 Europe/London, meor@mail.SoftHome.net wrote:
>
>> >Legitimate bulk mailing would become excrutiatingly painful.
>>
>>Well, right now legitimate bulk mailing is kind of broken.  In order for 
>>myself to sign up to this list I had to send and receive 3 pieces of 
>>E-Mail.  In the overview I did address bulk mailing.  If a bulk mailer is 
>>on a white list of someone(legitimate), then the bulk mailer does not 
>>have to use any CPU time to send the message, it is allowed to be sent as 
>>simply as it is right now.  This makes it perfectly possible for a bulk 
>>mailer to send out hundreds of thousands of E-Mail messages to users who 
>>want to receive them.  I don't see how legitimate bulk mailing would be 
>>hindered by this method.  On the contrary; I think this method could help 
>>out bulk mailers as end users would clearly know who they've placed on 
>>their list of accepted senders and would eliminate users accidentally 
>>reporting legitimate or solicited bulk mail as unsolicited.
>
>If you sign up for C|Net's daily newsletters, who do you whitelist? 
>*@cnet.com? *@news.com?
>
>Or do you have to wait for the newsletter to come in before you can create 
>a whitelist entry for them?
>
>I ask because C|Net's newsletter doesn't come from anywhere you might 
>expect it to come from.

I suppose average users would soon become annoyed if they had to whitelist 
every newsletter they subscribe to.

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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 08:55:55 -0500

At 11:09 PM -0500 3/16/03, John R Levine wrote:
>A couple of years ago Paul Hoffman and I worked out a scheme of SMTP
>banner tags that server owners could use to publish their spam policies.
>Laws about bulk mail could then require that mailers obey the tags.

The U.S. courts have already ruled that there is an assumption of 
knowledge by the spammer.  They are expected to understand that the 
recipient's AUP does not allow spamming--even if they have not read 
it.  This has been instrumental in a number of spammer court cases. 
For more details, see the legal talk by Jon Praed at the MIT Spam 
Conference (http://www.spamconference.org/praed.pdf) or better yet, 
watch the video 
http://web.mit.edu/webcast/spamconf03/mit-spamconf-s4-26100-17jan03-1600-80k.ram 
(34 minutes into the webcast).

Spamming is already illegal (at least from the standpoint of the 
ISP/Spammer relationship it constitutes trespassing--an illegal use 
of property).  Unfortunately I suspect it costs more to bring a case 
to suit than you get in return.  The existing cases I think have been 
prosecuted mainly as a deterrent.  (I asked Jon Praed what an average 
suit cost, but he wouldn't give me a direct answer.)
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 06:56:54 -0700 (MST)

> From: Hans Spath <ml-asrg@hans-spath.de>

> ...
> >If you sign up for C|Net's daily newsletters, who do you whitelist? 
> >*@cnet.com? *@news.com?
> >
> >Or do you have to wait for the newsletter to come in before you can create 
> >a whitelist entry for them?
> >
> >I ask because C|Net's newsletter doesn't come from anywhere you might 
> >expect it to come from.

Users of the DCC have mentioned that problem.

> I suppose average users would soon become annoyed if they had to whitelist 
> every newsletter they subscribe to.

Judging from the actions of the ISPs using the DCC, that does not seem
to be a problem.  Users are amazingly tolerant of false positives on
bulk mail.  It seems to be the non-bulk mail that they must receive.

However, there are schemes that could without any user action whitelist
every legitimate newsletter, or every newsletter that does not offer
unsolicited "gift subscriptions" and "sample issues."  (Those with
experience as spam filter wranglers on behalf of well known users has
probably had the pleasure of arguing with newsletter publishers about
"gifts" and "samples;" I have.)  Those schemes involve third parties
that attest bulk mail legitimacy.  For example, if you think spammers
would respect legal threats, then the scheme of http://habeas.com/
would work.  Spammers have so far, and Habeas claim that it's header
whitelists mail for about half of all Internet mailboxes in
http://habeas.com/about/debunk.htm sounds like a powerful tempation.
If not, then you could replace Habeas's haiku with a public key.

That does not resolve all problems, as witness the recent controversy
about Habeas headers in some unsolicited bulk mail from Topica, but
problems like that would be tolerable if only most legitimate bulk mail
were marked.  Of course, the major problem for such a solution is
the transition.  Until almost all legitimate bulk is marked, there's
no reason for legitimate bulk senders to pay Habeas or whomever would
bond (http://www.google.com/search?q=bond+spam ) or certify their mail.

    ....

About central whitelists:  yes, many users have had many addresses,
and some of us have not abandoned them to spammers.  However, if there
were a central whitelist, what would you do?  I would abandon and wire
as spam traps many of my extra or old addresses and do whatever is
necessary to whitelist the rest.  Fuzzy name matching, whether sendmail's
ancient or newfangled LDAP, would be turned off for senders outside
your corporate firewalls, as is already often the case.

Central whitelists could be enforced with marking (e.g. Habeas or
public key) or bonding or with laws.  Without laws, they have the
major transition problem.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com

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Date: 17 Mar 2003 09:48:52 -0500

> >Laws about bulk mail could then require that mailers obey the tags.
>
> The U.S. courts have already ruled that there is an assumption of
> knowledge by the spammer.  They are expected to understand that the
> recipient's AUP does not allow spamming--even if they have not read
> it.  This has been instrumental in a number of spammer court cases.
> For more details, see the legal talk by Jon Praed at the MIT Spam
> Conference

I'm pretty sure that in all the cases listed in his slides, the ISP had
sent a regular paper notice to the spammer telling him to stop.  I've
helped draft a few state anti-spam laws, and the issue of notice to the
spammer is definitely an open one.

A couple of proposed laws, one of which may have been passed, had much
uglier notice provisions, like putting it on the home page with the same
name as the email address, for some ill-defined definition of "same name".
Banner tags are way better than that.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer Commissioner
"More Wiener schnitzel, please", said Tom, revealingly.


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On Monday, Mar 17, 2003, at 13:55 Europe/London, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> Spamming is already illegal (at least from the standpoint of the 
> ISP/Spammer relationship it constitutes trespassing--an illegal use of 
> property).  Unfortunately I suspect it costs more to bring a case to 
> suit than you get in return.  The existing cases I think have been 
> prosecuted mainly as a deterrent.  (I asked Jon Praed what an average 
> suit cost, but he wouldn't give me a direct answer.)

I asked him if it was profit making, and he said yes (just). But he did 
qualify it with that wasn't the point - the point was to stop the 
spammer permanently.

Matt.

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>
> > tweaks that can be applied to make processing more efficient but the upshot
> > is that anyone can check against the list without the list being a source of
> > spam addresses.
> <Some more stuff snipped>
>
> While such a list would not provide email addresses, it would allow email
> addresses to be validated.
>
> If I am a spammer in Elbonia with a 1,000,000 email address CD, then I
> could submit each address in turn to the Opt-Out list.
>
> Is abc@example.com in the Opt-Out list?  Yes
> Is def@example.com in the Opt-Out list?  No
> Is ghi@example.com in the Opt-Out list?  Yes
>
> abc@example.com and ghi@example.com must be valid email addresses, so
> I'll send them some spam.
>
> This is why one does not respond to Opt-Out requests in spam; it
> validates the email address to the spammer.  This system would allow
> them to do this automatically.

I was at the IAPP conference a few weeks ago and there the FTC revealed that there
unsubscribe test campaign resulted in no increase in spam to those addresses at
all.

Which was amusing to here since the TRUSTe rep just before him said never do this
as you will get more spam

--
Michael Ellis
Privacy Manager
Date.com
  Phone   (416) 306-0022 ext 620
  Fax     (416) 306-0023

Date.com - "The New Way To Date"



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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] The proposal to end all proposals ;-)
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Kee
> Hinckley
> Sent: Friday, March 14, 2003 6:24 PM
> To: Jason Hihn
> Cc: Asrg
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] The proposal to end all proposals ;-)
...
> I ran some large mailing lists back in the 80's.  It was not fun.
> Just managing the bounces was hell.  To remind me of this fact I keep
> two books around from those days.  Both books describe how, if you
> are using mail system x and network system y, you can construct a
> message to get to someone on mail system a and network b.  Two whole
> books.

I have no idea what I suggested has to do with mailing lists and bounces.
Furthermore, there is nothing that says our x's,y's,a's and b's are the same
as in the book. Two books? Maybe the author was just long winded? ;-)

> What you describe would take us back there.  Furthermore, it is
> exactly that fragmentation that is keeping anyone from investing in a
> new architecture--there's too big a risk that some other system will
> win out.

Indeed. But what you fail to see is that fragmentation is good, as long as
it's compatible. When it's trivial to replace your protocol and maintain
backwards compatibility, then there's no risk.

We all are running a really spam-happy protocol, SMTP. It can't be fixed
without some modification. Something will have to be done about it. What I
suggest is that we all stop running SMTP universally, and penalize those
that run it.

> This sounds way too much like "I know, let's make it impossible for
> anyone to talk to each other.  *That* will stop the spammers!"

What I am suggesting is no more complicated than two modems negotiation what
protocols to use. Lets do a sample:

S: I have mail for you, what are your protocols?
R: sender_vfy,1; site_cert,2; smtp,3; (protocol,preference)
S: (checks his own capabilities) sender_vfy
R: (applies penalties applicable at the time) ok (or "ok, port#")
S: {message}
R: {passes message off to sender_vfy daemon)

I don't see what is so hard about that! Then people can run multiple
protocols, and negotiate the preferred one of the site. This will eliminate
the problem of needing everyone to commit to a new protocol and needing
significant adoption of it. Furthermore, protocol revisions are much easily
tolerated (ex.: sender_vfy_99b,1; sender_vfy_99a,2; etc)

Also configurable are penalties. The preference number can also carry with
it a penalty: speed or filtering. For the time being, everyone will need to
run SMTP, but we can penalize it with a tar proxy or something of the sort
while letting less spam happy protocols thrive.

A picture is worth a thousands words, so here's a sample config file:
#negotiator config file
protocols{
    sender_vfy_99a {
        daemon_port=35423
        preference=1
    }
    sender_vfy_99b {
        daemon_port=35422
        preference=0
    }
    smtp {
        daemon_port=25 #tar proxy runs here
        preference=100
    }
}
preferences {
    0,1 { }
    100 {
        filters {
		fail_on 1  #(as opposed to 2, 3, or all)
		pre_delivery{
	            ip_blacklist
			ip_whitelist
		}
		post_delivery{
	            word
      	      sender_blacklist
            	crc_blacklist
			sender_whitelist
		}
        }
	  actions {
		pre_delivery_delay 2 #two second fixed delay
       }
    }
}
#end of file

What this also allows us to do is wrap SMTP (and other protocols) with
enough armor that it might not suck so much.

If we are ever to replace SMTP, I don't how we can't afford to not have this
software function!

In case I wasn't clear, I'm only suggesting that we replace the equivalent
of the transport layer, not the application, network or media. sender_vfy
can be SMTP at the core (application layer) for all I care (it probably has
to be anyway).



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>>Rodney's list immediately showed why no-one will ever accept a 
>>global opt-out list:  within a week, domains comprising on the order 
>>of 60 million email address had opted out.
>
>Actually opted out, or had someone wrote a program to do it?

Actually opted out.  SafeEPS accepted domain-wide opt-out and as
I recall, the first two entries were from aol.com and hotmail.com,
legitimately sent by network managers there.

>Massachusetts has a new opt-out web interface for phone spam.  It 
>verifies the phone number using your address.  Writing software to 
>opt-out virtually everyone in the state would not be that hard.

That could be a problem in theory, but is it in practice?  Here in New
York there's a very successful do-not-call list with web sign up at
www.nynocall.com.  I've never heard any complaints about fake entries
on this or any other do-not-call list.

>I assume that's why opting out of phone spam (the marketing opt-out 
>list, not the one the feds are setting up) is free if you send them a 
>letter, but costs $5 if you do it on-line.  Authentication by level 
>of effort.  Although the claim is that the $5 is to cover costs.

That's the DMA's TPS list.  They charge the $5 purely to discourage
people from signing up.  Authentication has nothing to do with it; if
they get a paper letter purporting to be from you they'll put your
number (or any numbers listed in the letter) into the TPS, no
questions asked.

In any event, for reasons I outlined in a previous message opt-out
lists for phone and paper mail are a bad model for e-mail, and I don't
know anyone who's pondered the issue for very long and still thinks
that lists of addresses not to spam are workable.


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Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 10:45 PM -0500 3/16/03, Chris Lewis wrote:
> 
>> Rodney's list immediately showed why no-one will ever accept a global 
>> opt-out list:  within a week, domains comprising on the order of 60 
>> million email address had opted out.

> Actually opted out, or had someone wrote a program to do it?

Actually opted-out.  AOL had opted out (there's half in one swell foop) 
as did several other major ISPs.  So did we (only(!) half a million 
addresses).

There was a confirmation method wired in for domains, but I forget the 
details.  SafeEPS was decommissioned some time ago in favour of the DMA 
eMPS system, but the eMPS system was never as good as SafeEPS. Eg: 
despite eMPS at one point supporting domain-wide opt-out (perhaps 
specifically to shut me up), it's not clear that it was ever generally 
available - last I looked the _possibility_ of doing it isn't visible 
_anywhere_ on eMPS.

One questions whether eMPS has ever blocked a single piece of email...

eMPS is 100% incontrovertible evidence that a voluntary opt-out list 
will _NEVER_ work to reduce spam.

> Massachusetts has a new opt-out web interface for phone spam.  It 
> verifies the phone number using your address.  Writing software to 
> opt-out virtually everyone in the state would not be that hard.

Unless you did confirmation properly.  Why wouldn't you use confirmation 
techniques?  Marketers would insist on it - and I have no problem with 
granting them that wish.

> Unfortunately (or not) it turns out that opt-out lists have the same 
> problem as email in general.  No authentication.

And the same solutions. Ie: confirmation.  With only one (or a few) 
_useful_ opt-out lists, implementing and deploying is trivial.

SafeEPS was about as perfect as an opt-out list could _ever_ be. But it 
died.  Its replacement hasn't made a difference to anyone's mailbox as 
far as anyone can determine.

Hence my original point, opt-out lists will never fly if the marketers 
have anything to say about it.

> I assume that's why opting out of phone spam (the marketing opt-out 
> list, not the one the feds are setting up) is free if you send them a 
> letter, but costs $5 if you do it on-line.  Authentication by level of 
> effort.  Although the claim is that the $5 is to cover costs.

There are regulatory issues, where a system may be predicated upon the 
idea of a "free" snail mail unsubscribe is legally required, whereas an 
online one "for convenience" is fair game for a (modest) processing fee. 
The $5 fee also short-cuts authentication requirements, but a 
confirmation mechanism would serve just as well.




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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-out lists and legislation
References: <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A310FFEF@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> <20030316214343.GA1536@bacall.jackdaw.org> <3E75E07F.F6568264@date.com>
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 10:42:24 -0500
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Michael Ellis wrote:

> I was at the IAPP conference a few weeks ago and there the FTC revealed that there
> unsubscribe test campaign resulted in no increase in spam to those addresses at
> all.

There have been other tests of this that show the opposite.

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             <b54pg8$eq6$1@xuxa.iecc.com> 
References: <C8E1D1AB-57F1-11D7-9AED-0003934516A8@plaidworks.com> <3E7544E9.3010507@americasm01.nt.com> <p06000b4bba9b2eae14f3@[192.168.1.104]>
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On Mon, 17 Mar 2003 10:27:04 EST, johnl@iecc.com (John R. Levine)  said:

> That could be a problem in theory, but is it in practice?  Here in New
> York there's a very successful do-not-call list with web sign up at
> www.nynocall.com.  I've never heard any complaints about fake entries
> on this or any other do-not-call list.

This would require a spoofed opt-out on behalf of somebody who actually
*WANTED* phone spam and noticed its absence....

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] Experience with "soliciting" spam
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 16 Mar 2003 20:43:57 PST."
             <104C0E8C-5833-11D7-BE71-0003934516A8@plaidworks.com> 
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 06:41:19 -0500

Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com> wrote:
> And these aren't deceptive forms like some sites. some are "not 
> subscribed unless they get selected" -- and I've still spent time with 
> people who acknowledge going through the forms and still say things are 
> unsolicited. (shrug). and people forget what they did, too.

  I've used a number of on-line forms for allegedly reputable
business, where they give an "opt-in" checkbox on their forms.  That
would helkp, except that they make every effort to set the "opt-in"
checkbox.  If you miss a field in the form, they give you a chance to
re-enter, and reset *only* the opt-in checkbox.  When you get to the
"verify information" stage, you discover that it's been checked again.

  To me, "opt-out" means "I opt out once, and you listen".  Not "I've
got to opt out 5 times in a row before you believe me."

  In response to your comment, this means that if I miss *one* of
those "magic re-sets" of the checkbox, that I've "opted in", and the
company is surprised when they get angry email from me, telling them
to stop spamming me.

  Clueless users are a small part of the problem.  There's always a
few, they cause only small amounts of problems, and there' little you
can do to get rid of all of them.

  Clueless site creators have the ability to annoy *all* of the people
accessing their site.  That's a bigger problem than a few people
forgetting that they opted in.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Position paper, in zipped HTML
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wayne wrote:

>In <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A311003C@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> writes:
>
>  
>
>>> BL "Listing all 
>>>of UUNET?" 
>>>- flat out false.  No even remotely respectable blacklist has 
>>>ever done so.
>>>      
>>>
>>SPEWS listed VeriSign labs because it was on a UUNET address.
>>
>>Case closed, no appeal.
>>
>>SPEWS makes a point of never justifying itself to anyone, if they want
>>to correct any statement they believe false they can speak for themselves.
>>    
>>
Uh, on the subject of verisign and spam, a quick look at one of the 
popular search engines brings up quite a stir. Lots of people seem to 
feel that verisign is itself guilty of spamming, or having others spam 
in their name. I have received several unsolicited commercial messages 
from verisign, even though I expressly told them not to send me anything 
I did not ask for. This is one of the reasons why took my business 
elsewhere.

So I am not that surprised that verisign showed up in a blacklist.

This aside, I don't use blacklists because I do not want to give away 
access control to my mail servers to others.

Frank


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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Mon Mar 17 13:39:52 2003
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam
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At 11:34 3/17/2003 +0000, you wrote:
>On Monday, Mar 17, 2003, at 05:58 Europe/London, meor@mail.SoftHome.net wrote:
>
>> >Legitimate bulk mailing would become excrutiatingly painful.
>>
>>Well, right now legitimate bulk mailing is kind of broken.  In order for 
>>myself to sign up to this list I had to send and receive 3 pieces of 
>>E-Mail.  In the overview I did address bulk mailing.  If a bulk mailer is 
>>on a white list of someone(legitimate), then the bulk mailer does not 
>>have to use any CPU time to send the message, it is allowed to be sent as 
>>simply as it is right now.  This makes it perfectly possible for a bulk 
>>mailer to send out hundreds of thousands of E-Mail messages to users who 
>>want to receive them.  I don't see how legitimate bulk mailing would be 
>>hindered by this method.  On the contrary; I think this method could help 
>>out bulk mailers as end users would clearly know who they've placed on 
>>their list of accepted senders and would eliminate users accidentally 
>>reporting legitimate or solicited bulk mail as unsolicited.
>
>If you sign up for C|Net's daily newsletters, who do you whitelist? 
>*@cnet.com? *@news.com?
>
>Or do you have to wait for the newsletter to come in before you can create 
>a whitelist entry for them?
>
>I ask because C|Net's newsletter doesn't come from anywhere you might 
>expect it to come from.
>
>Matt.
This is a good question but there is an answer.  When you sign up for a 
list, you would do it similar to how you signed up for this mailing list to 
the IRTF group.  Each of you would send an E-Mail back to each other which 
would in turn add each other to your respective white lists.  When you 
white list someone, you are white listing a single digital signature.  This 
digital signature ensures that you are getting E-Mail from the same person 
each time.  This digital signature is not for guaranteeing identity, it 
only for guaranteeing that you receive E-Mail from the same person every 
subsequent time you receive mail.  So if cnet was sending out a news 
letter, you would exchange E-Mails(slowly the first time because neither of 
you are white listed with each other) and add each other to your white 
lists(indexed by public keys).  At this point you will be able to receive 
any E-Mail signed by someone with the public key you received at full 
speed(the speed at which mail is sent right now).  Also it is worth 
pointing out that these public keys can be hidden from end users, this will 
not add complexity to E-Mailing.

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Mon Mar 17 13:40:41 2003
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At 13:02 3/17/2003 +0100, you wrote:
>At 17.03.2003 11:34 +0000, you wrote:
>>On Monday, Mar 17, 2003, at 05:58 Europe/London, meor@mail.SoftHome.net 
>>wrote:
>>
>>> >Legitimate bulk mailing would become excrutiatingly painful.
>>>
>>>Well, right now legitimate bulk mailing is kind of broken.  In order for 
>>>myself to sign up to this list I had to send and receive 3 pieces of 
>>>E-Mail.  In the overview I did address bulk mailing.  If a bulk mailer 
>>>is on a white list of someone(legitimate), then the bulk mailer does not 
>>>have to use any CPU time to send the message, it is allowed to be sent 
>>>as simply as it is right now.  This makes it perfectly possible for a 
>>>bulk mailer to send out hundreds of thousands of E-Mail messages to 
>>>users who want to receive them.  I don't see how legitimate bulk mailing 
>>>would be hindered by this method.  On the contrary; I think this method 
>>>could help out bulk mailers as end users would clearly know who they've 
>>>placed on their list of accepted senders and would eliminate users 
>>>accidentally reporting legitimate or solicited bulk mail as unsolicited.
>>
>>If you sign up for C|Net's daily newsletters, who do you whitelist? 
>>*@cnet.com? *@news.com?
>>
>>Or do you have to wait for the newsletter to come in before you can 
>>create a whitelist entry for them?
>>
>>I ask because C|Net's newsletter doesn't come from anywhere you might 
>>expect it to come from.
>
>I suppose average users would soon become annoyed if they had to whitelist 
>every newsletter they subscribe to.

White listing isn't a complex operation.  The ease and complexity of adding 
someone to your white list is dependant on your E-Mail client.  If, for 
instance, Outlook tied white lists with your address book, the user would 
hardly know they're even white listing someone.  The simple act of sending 
an E-Mail to someone could add them to your white list.  As I said earlier, 
I had to send and receive 3 E-Mails to sign up for this list.  If the 
proposed method was implemented, only one would have to be sent.  The one 
E-Mail would add the list's public key to my white list(implicitly by 
sending them an E-Mail), and the list owner would know that I signed up for 
it(no one signed me up for it out of spite), because of my public key.

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On Mon, 17 Mar 2003 12:39:09 CST, meor@mail.SoftHome.net  said:
 
> I had to send and receive 3 E-Mails to sign up for this list.  If the 
> proposed method was implemented, only one would have to be sent.  The one 
> E-Mail would add the list's public key to my white list(implicitly by 
> sending them an E-Mail), and the list owner would know that I signed up for 
> it(no one signed me up for it out of spite), because of my public key.

This assumes the existence of a PKI.   Without that, it's fairly trivial
for me to crank out a bogus digital signature claiming to be from
meor@mail.softhome.net and forge subscriptions for you.  And without any
mailback confirmation, you'd not even know what happened until you started
getting 300+ pieces of mail a day from linux-kernel mailing list. ;)

Yes, a self-signed cert *will* prove that two somethings have the same source,
but that doesn't help in trying to confirm a subscription to an e-mail list...


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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Mon Mar 17 14:11:06 2003
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One thing that would probably go a long way for many of the state anti-spam 
laws would be a way that one could give public notice that the people at a 
company / organization / ISP do or do not want spam.  The use of the file 
as a "public notice" file would go a long way towards allowing people to 
collect via the courts.

Of course, we all know the answer to whether they do or not.  However, 
there currently exists no method for a company to say that they do or do 
not want spam for a certain set or subset of users.

What I would like to see is something akin to the robots.txt that is 
available on every website.  The spammer could be required (perhaps by law) 
to download this file and to use it to check against the addresses in their 
mailing list.

To hide the user's identity, the e-mail addresses could be hashed to say an 
8 byte hash value.  This way the list could be checked against the e-mail 
addresses in the spammer's mailing list without divulging any one address.

Furthermore, there could be a price specified per e-mail that is sent to 
that address.    For example, the following could be a line from the file:

0x4348C54233AB4D9C,n,$25U.S.,$500U.S., <Keywords>

0x4348C54233AB4D9C: Hash of the e-mail address
n -- This person does not want unsolicited e-mail.
$25U.S If spam is sent that is relevant (in the opinion of the reader) to 
their job, the spam will be assessed at a price of: $25 U.S.
$500U.S If the spam is sent and it is _not_ relevant (in the opinion of the 
recipient) to their job then the price of $500 U.S. is assessed.
<Keywords>Keywords and phrases of things that the user is interested in 
receiving e-mail regarding. (For most, this would simply be left empty.)

If there were a standard way to give public notice that spam is or is not 
wanted at a specific address, it makes it much easier to go to the courts 
and make the claim that you gave public notice that you would collect for 
all e-mail sent to a given address.

-Art

-- 
Art Pollard
http://www.lextek.com/
Suppliers of High Performance Text Retrieval Engines.

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 >Why on earth would you want to abandon MXes?  MXes serve an extremely 
useful purpose even if your "solution" was adopted - failover, 
prioritization, enabling systems not on the Internet to receive email 
(hint: my home machine doesn't have, and has no need for, an A record. 
Couldn't use one even if it had one.  It's not Internet-connected.).

There are other methods of fail safe and redundancy besides MX 
records.  Every other type of network communication that needs 24/7 up 
time, but does not make use of MX records has ways of keeping up time 
despite machines failing.  Every other type of network communication does 
not have special records for it's specific protocol, yet people are still 
able to full up time.
I don't know the personal situation with your machine at home but I don't 
see how it is able to send/receive mail if it isn't connected to the 
Internet ever.  I also may be naive but I don't see a resounding reason to 
have a mail server that is not connected to the network which it is 
receiving mail from.

 >When faced with the option of not being able to hit send unless the 
recipient's mailbox machine was currently online, sending clients would 
have to. Dealing with sporadic machine outages would make mailing lists (or 
even modest receiver lists) extremely unpleasant to operate if you couldn't 
queue.  Imagine the world-wide grief if a backhoe took out AOL's 
connectivity for a short time, or an individual mailbox server went 
down.  My home machine would never get another email again...

If a backhoe took out AOL's connectivity, there are going to be more issues 
at stake than just this method.  If no one can connect to AOL's servers AOL 
itself will be down.  None of it's users will be able to use it's services, 
no one will be able to get to it's web page, nothing.
Maybe I overlooked it, but do you believe that this method should protect 
against catastrophic failures of this kind?


 >How would ISP (or a corporation) block outbound mailbombs and the like if 
they don't get to see the traffic?  Legal liabilities galore.

Unless you're mail bombing someone who has white listed you(someone who 
trusts you), your mail bomb isn't going to be able to nearly as effective 
as they are right now.  I also don't see why a filter could not be 
developed for this protocol as well.  Just because it isn't SMTP, doesn't 
mean it cannot be monitored by administrators.

 >Huh?  I'd like to see any of our users get around our send filtering and 
logging.  Hint: we block direct outbound email simply by denying outbound 
port 25.  As do many ISPs with dialup pool router blocks. Short of active 
collusion with outside entities (eg: port forwarding ala open proxies) they 
can't.

Yes, I was implying outside assistance.


 >Blocking outbound klez.  I wish Verizon would do that...
Logging all email is becoming a legal necessity these days [Patriot Act 
plus others, mutter].

Again, I don't see how a filter could not be developed for this protocol if 
one was so desired.


Is this logging any different than just normal usage logging that 
administrators perform?  Logging like to see what users are doing with 
HTTP, FTP, messaging systems, etc.  Could logging programs not be adapted, 
if people wanted to, to log new protocols like this one?

 >Yeah, by implementing proxies as they do for HTTP and FTP. Which defeats 
your proposal because they're nothing more than intermediate mail 
servers.  Packet logging is impractical or useless - it shows nothing of 
the details of the email, such as recipient address.

I think packet logging is useful.  If you monitor communications between 
the client and the destination mail host, how could you not reconstruct who 
it was to, who it was from, what public keys were exchanged, etc?  In the 
case of mail bombing it would be very obvious if someone is opening several 
hundred communications with the destination mail box(public key) within a 
short period of time.  I would say this method would actually help you 
because you _can_ find the recipient address.


 >So now we have two email protocols, one for bulk and one for non-bulk. Ouch.

No, there are no two protocols.  White listing is built in to the 
protocol.  It is the basis for fast mail sending.  Trusted users do not 
have to compute a cipher key every time they send mail, only if you are not 
on the white list.  White lists can be tied to address books and sending 
mail.  There are not two protocols for this, this was outlined in the overview.


 >Requiring the recipient mailbox machine to be online and operational at 
the time of sending a piece of email is, by itself, considerably worse than 
the status quo.  Race conditions. Etc. Vastly more unreliable.

I don't see how the mail server being off-line is worse than any other 
server going off-line that needs 24/7 up time.  If your web server goes 
down and you have no redundancy, you have a problem.  If your Internet 
router box goes down and you have no redundancy, you have a problem.  I 
believe this method succumbs to the same issues as every other network service.
The difference with this method opposed to the current E-Mail system is 
that you are not wasting gigabytes worth of bandwidth and disk space 
transferring and storing unsolicited junk mail because no one can make 
money off of sending it anymore.

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Art Pollard <pollarda@lextek.com>
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 11:25:03 -0800

On Mon, Mar 17, 2003 at 12:06:10PM -0700, Art Pollard wrote:
> 
> One thing that would probably go a long way for many of the state anti-spam 
> laws would be a way that one could give public notice that the people at a 
> company / organization / ISP do or do not want spam.

This is only good if such a flag contains some entropy, 
i.e. there are some flags set to "I want" and some to "I don't want".

Do you really believe that anyone would set the flag to 
"I want spam"?


And I really don't believe that a significant number of spam
senders will care about such a flag.

Hadmut



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At 13:59 3/17/2003 -0500, you wrote:
>On Mon, 17 Mar 2003 12:39:09 CST, meor@mail.SoftHome.net  said:
>
> > I had to send and receive 3 E-Mails to sign up for this list.  If the
> > proposed method was implemented, only one would have to be sent.  The one
> > E-Mail would add the list's public key to my white list(implicitly by
> > sending them an E-Mail), and the list owner would know that I signed up 
> for
> > it(no one signed me up for it out of spite), because of my public key.
>
>This assumes the existence of a PKI.   Without that, it's fairly trivial
>for me to crank out a bogus digital signature claiming to be from
>meor@mail.softhome.net and forge subscriptions for you.  And without any
>mailback confirmation, you'd not even know what happened until you started
>getting 300+ pieces of mail a day from linux-kernel mailing list. ;)
>
>Yes, a self-signed cert *will* prove that two somethings have the same source,
>but that doesn't help in trying to confirm a subscription to an e-mail list...

Actually this method would not need a PKI.  Upon the first attempt to send 
mail to the end user by the Mail list, the mail list would be told that the 
public key/signature is not recognized at which point it would be known 
that the recipient mail box did not request list subscription.
Even if you did have to send 3 E-Mails with the new method, like you do 
with the current method, this does not disprove the ability to subscribe to 
bulk mailing lists.  The point I was trying to demonstrate was that white 
lists are easy to implement, and digital signatures verify origin.



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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>, Art Pollard <pollarda@lextek.com>
From: John Morris <jmorris@cdt.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice .... 
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 11:52:04 -0800

At 11:25 AM 3/17/03 -0800, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
>On Mon, Mar 17, 2003 at 12:06:10PM -0700, Art Pollard wrote:
> >
> > One thing that would probably go a long way for many of the state 
> anti-spam
> > laws would be a way that one could give public notice that the people at a
> > company / organization / ISP do or do not want spam.
>
><snip>
>
>And I really don't believe that a significant number of spam
>senders will care about such a flag.

But that truth does not necessarily negate the value of such a notice 
system.  Look at the telephone "do not call" list situation in the U.S.  A 
bunch of states (and now the federal FTC) have developed or are developing 
"do not call" lists -- usually self developed and not interoperable.  If 
there were a pre-existing sound and secure system for opting out of phone 
calls, states could have simply referenced that method (as they have in 
fact have done with the DMS opt out list, which many feel is lacking).

If the Internet community develops a scalable, secure public notice method, 
it could end up being the method (or a method) adopted by governments that 
choose to legislate against spam.  And even in the absence of legislation, 
a clear notice in a standardized format and place can greatly help private 
legal actions.

So the fact that (a) spammers would not care about such a system, and (b) 
in year two of implementation such a system might in fact have little 
impact on spam, does not mean the proposal lacks value.

John Morris

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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
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Lol. This seems damn simple and right under our noses!
What about re-drafting 'finger' for this use?
It sounds something like a .plan file...

However I don't understand how/why you can hide their address. Besides
what's the point if they are already querying for you (they know it
already)?

And it seems to me that you'd want to be able to prove that indeed you asked
NOT to be sent mail, and obfuscating your address would run counter to that.
(IANAL, but it legally it looks like you're engaging in questionable
conduct)

-J
> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Art
> Pollard
> Sent: Monday, March 17, 2003 2:06 PM
> To: Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
>
>
>
> One thing that would probably go a long way for many of the state
> anti-spam
> laws would be a way that one could give public notice that the
> people at a
> company / organization / ISP do or do not want spam.  The use of the file
> as a "public notice" file would go a long way towards allowing people to
> collect via the courts.
>
> Of course, we all know the answer to whether they do or not.  However,
> there currently exists no method for a company to say that they do or do
> not want spam for a certain set or subset of users.
>
> What I would like to see is something akin to the robots.txt that is
> available on every website.  The spammer could be required
> (perhaps by law)
> to download this file and to use it to check against the
> addresses in their
> mailing list.
>
> To hide the user's identity, the e-mail addresses could be hashed
> to say an
> 8 byte hash value.  This way the list could be checked against the e-mail
> addresses in the spammer's mailing list without divulging any one address.
>
> Furthermore, there could be a price specified per e-mail that is sent to
> that address.    For example, the following could be a line from the file:
>
> 0x4348C54233AB4D9C,n,$25U.S.,$500U.S., <Keywords>
>
> 0x4348C54233AB4D9C: Hash of the e-mail address
> n -- This person does not want unsolicited e-mail.
> $25U.S If spam is sent that is relevant (in the opinion of the reader) to
> their job, the spam will be assessed at a price of: $25 U.S.
> $500U.S If the spam is sent and it is _not_ relevant (in the
> opinion of the
> recipient) to their job then the price of $500 U.S. is assessed.
> <Keywords>Keywords and phrases of things that the user is interested in
> receiving e-mail regarding. (For most, this would simply be left empty.)
>
> If there were a standard way to give public notice that spam is or is not
> wanted at a specific address, it makes it much easier to go to the courts
> and make the claim that you gave public notice that you would collect for
> all e-mail sent to a given address.
>
> -Art
>
> --
> Art Pollard
> http://www.lextek.com/
> Suppliers of High Performance Text Retrieval Engines.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: John Morris <jmorris@cdt.org>
Cc: Art Pollard <pollarda@lextek.com>, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
Message-ID: <20030317204532.GA2343@danisch.de>
References: <5.1.0.14.2.20030317114856.03bf2538@mail.lextek.com> <5.1.0.14.2.20030317114856.03bf2538@mail.lextek.com> <4.2.0.58.20030317113736.0096c3b0@localhost>
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 12:45:32 -0800

On Mon, Mar 17, 2003 at 11:52:04AM -0800, John Morris wrote:
> 
> But that truth does not necessarily negate the value of such a notice 
> system.  Look at the telephone "do not call" list situation in the U.S.  A 
> bunch of states (and now the federal FTC) have developed or are developing 
> "do not call" lists -- usually self developed and not interoperable.

Since I live in Europe, I'm not familiar with that "do not call"
list. However, what works with phone calls doesn't work with spam.

Calling someone by phone causes real costs, because of the phone
costs, the employee, and the time. For an advertising phone caller
it is an advantage to have such a list which allows him to save
that money he would have spent to call someone who'd just say 
"get off". And phone callers usually have to take care of the
companies public credit. How often did you get an annoying phone
call asking you to visit a porn website? And phone callers usually
call from within the same country, i.e. from within the same
legislation.

In contrast, a spammer doesn't have any advantage in paying attention 
to such a list. Checking such a list is more expensive than just 
drop and forget an email. 

Hadmut
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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
In-reply-to: <20030317192502.GA1792@danisch.de>
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Agreed.

Though he does have a 'good' idea. Could we send across the wire and
agreement to pay the recipient $50,000 if the message is unsolicited.

Specifically, I am thinking after the RCPT-TO: you could post
"RECEIVER allows this message to be delivered under the following
conditions:
1) This message is not unsolicited; as the sender and receiver have a
verifiable pre-existing relationship or receiver has expressed interest in
starting a relationship
or
2) This message is unsolicited and will be accompanied by payment of $50,000
US within 14 days."

out over the SMTP socket. I don't know what this would break though. IANAL,
but I'd like to think it was binding. I think the problem though would be
who would it be binding to? The remote outgoing network (AOL-TW in the
advent of it coming from an aol server?) or the sender? Either way it's
good, but I like it if the network (AOL) is liable. It'll make them make
sure no spam leaves their domain.

Technically it's useless, and will do nothing to stop the flow of spam, but
I could help grow my bank account! Just a thought...



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Hadmut Danisch
> Sent: Monday, March 17, 2003 2:25 PM
> To: Art Pollard
> Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
>
>
> On Mon, Mar 17, 2003 at 12:06:10PM -0700, Art Pollard wrote:
> >
> > One thing that would probably go a long way for many of the
> state anti-spam
> > laws would be a way that one could give public notice that the
> people at a
> > company / organization / ISP do or do not want spam.
>
> This is only good if such a flag contains some entropy,
> i.e. there are some flags set to "I want" and some to "I don't want".
>
> Do you really believe that anyone would set the flag to
> "I want spam"?
>
>
> And I really don't believe that a significant number of spam
> senders will care about such a flag.
>
> Hadmut
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>

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Art Pollard wrote:
> 
> One thing that would probably go a long way for many of the state 
> anti-spam laws would be a way that one could give public notice that the 
> people at a company / organization / ISP do or do not want spam.  The 
> use of the file as a "public notice" file would go a long way towards 
> allowing people to collect via the courts.

Please examine Paul Hoffman and John Levine's SMTP banner proposal which 
does exactly what you want.  Trivial to implement.  Our mail servers are 
already doing it.

Search for John's messages here.  He described the whole thing in a very 
recent message to ASRG.

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On Mon, 17 Mar 2003 15:48:30 EST, Jason Hihn said:

> out over the SMTP socket. I don't know what this would break though. IANAL,
> but I'd like to think it was binding. I think the problem though would be
> who would it be binding to? The remote outgoing network (AOL-TW in the
> advent of it coming from an aol server?) or the sender? Either way it's
> good, but I like it if the network (AOL) is liable. It'll make them make
> sure no spam leaves their domain.

I'm not sure you could possibly make it binding - the only thing that usually
looks at SMTP replies are SMTP client software.  So unless you create an RFC
describing the format so it can be *parsed* by software, it's the ones-and-zeros
equivalent of urinating into the wind.

Backward compatibility becomes an issue - what happens if the sender's SMTP
doesn't have support for the extension and the parsing it involves?

And given that the spam probably came in through an open proxy server, it's
basically a lost cause - if the proxy site couldn't afford to hire a sysadmin
with enough clue to close the proxy, they're probably effectively judgment proof.
Kinda like suing somebody for $3M when they live in a tar paper shack and can't
afford a telephone or running water.

I suppose if you made it like a click-through EULA, it would be OK.. except
for the minor detail that almost all our outbound mail is gatewayed through
a machine that won't be able to click.... ;)

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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 16:22:12 -0500
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My points exactly! It would be cool and could be made to work, but in the
end, it's futile/pointless/a lost cause.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu [mailto:Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu]
> Sent: Monday, March 17, 2003 4:00 PM
> To: Jason Hihn
> Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
>
>
> On Mon, 17 Mar 2003 15:48:30 EST, Jason Hihn said:
>
> > out over the SMTP socket. I don't know what this would break
> though. IANAL,
> > but I'd like to think it was binding. I think the problem
> though would be
> > who would it be binding to? The remote outgoing network (AOL-TW in the
> > advent of it coming from an aol server?) or the sender? Either way it's
> > good, but I like it if the network (AOL) is liable. It'll make them make
> > sure no spam leaves their domain.
>
> I'm not sure you could possibly make it binding - the only thing
> that usually
> looks at SMTP replies are SMTP client software.  So unless you
> create an RFC
> describing the format so it can be *parsed* by software, it's the
> ones-and-zeros
> equivalent of urinating into the wind.
>
> Backward compatibility becomes an issue - what happens if the
> sender's SMTP
> doesn't have support for the extension and the parsing it involves?
>
> And given that the spam probably came in through an open proxy
> server, it's
> basically a lost cause - if the proxy site couldn't afford to
> hire a sysadmin
> with enough clue to close the proxy, they're probably effectively
> judgment proof.
> Kinda like suing somebody for $3M when they live in a tar paper
> shack and can't
> afford a telephone or running water.
>
> I suppose if you made it like a click-through EULA, it would be
> OK.. except
> for the minor detail that almost all our outbound mail is
> gatewayed through
> a machine that won't be able to click.... ;)
>

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On Mon, 17 Mar 2003 16:22:12 EST, Jason Hihn said:
> My points exactly! It would be cool and could be made to work, but in the
> end, it's futile/pointless/a lost cause.

I didn't say it was a lost cause.. ;)

I pointed out that there were problems - many of which are fixable.

For instance, *IF* you have a technically workable SMTP extension, you could
then conceivably codify that "a UCE sender must check the extension and pay
any indemnification as a result".

The nice thing there is that if you don't send any UCE, you can just ignore
the extension and nothing changes. ;)

Yes, this does require some coding, some RFCs, and some legal tapdancing
similar to what's already in 17 USC 512 for an ISP safe-harbor, so if one
of our users does something stupid and relays it through our server, it's
their problem not mine.  But not anything fundamentally  not fixable.

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Mon Mar 17 17:06:27 2003
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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
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Well, I prefer tech to legal-ese.. It's just my nature. I don't doubt that
you could make things scary and binding enough (legally speaking), but I
want it backed up with technical measures. I want sender tracability incase
they do send spam anyway. Then you get in a whole  new can of worms working
out ways on how you can verify the sender is legit and traceable. Then you
have to be able to make that determination in real-time while you still have
them on a socket, before you accept the message.

Otherwise I'll lie about who I am, and that my message is not spam. Or I'll
agree to the $50,000 spam fee and poof! disappear.

Those are the measures whose defense must be built in as well.

Remember: "Locks only keep honest people honest." Most spammers are not
honest. I doubt Amber is horny for me, wants me to see her naked, or even
that she knows who I am. I bet it's really Frank, who looks like the
uni-bomber that's really typing that in and inviting me over!

Until we eliminate (much less discover) the ways around it, we only create
more work for everyone.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu [mailto:Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu]
> Sent: Monday, March 17, 2003 4:39 PM
> To: Jason Hihn
> Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
>
>
> On Mon, 17 Mar 2003 16:22:12 EST, Jason Hihn said:
> > My points exactly! It would be cool and could be made to work,
> but in the
> > end, it's futile/pointless/a lost cause.
>
> I didn't say it was a lost cause.. ;)
>
> I pointed out that there were problems - many of which are fixable.
>
> For instance, *IF* you have a technically workable SMTP
> extension, you could
> then conceivably codify that "a UCE sender must check the
> extension and pay
> any indemnification as a result".
>
> The nice thing there is that if you don't send any UCE, you can
> just ignore
> the extension and nothing changes. ;)
>
> Yes, this does require some coding, some RFCs, and some legal tapdancing
> similar to what's already in 17 USC 512 for an ISP safe-harbor, so if one
> of our users does something stupid and relays it through our server, it's
> their problem not mine.  But not anything fundamentally  not fixable.
>

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On Mon, 17 Mar 2003 17:04:43 EST, Jason Hihn said:
> Well, I prefer tech to legal-ese.. It's just my nature. I don't doubt that
> you could make things scary and binding enough (legally speaking), but I
> want it backed up with technical measures. I want sender tracability incase
> they do send spam anyway. Then you get in a whole  new can of worms working
> out ways on how you can verify the sender is legit and traceable. Then you
> have to be able to make that determination in real-time while you still have
> them on a socket, before you accept the message.

The guys at cluelessmailers estimated that some 90% of the problem is the
result of only 100 to 150 people.  Now if we took up a collection of $500 from
every ISP that has a inbound spam problem, and hired a few "enforcers" from
any one of several ethnically-based entrepreneur organizations that work somewhat
outside conventional legality, and had them "explain our position" to the
offenders, I'd not be surprised if a lot of spammers took the hint

Or we could just hire a few RIAA lawyers - *THEY* don't seem to have *ANY*
trouble in tracking down miscreants....

Some days, I can't tell which of the two solutions is which... ;)

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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 17:25:44 -0500

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

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Spam is not an intrinsic property of the bits or the message. It is a
property of the relationship between the sender and the recipient. The
problem is that the recipients have give up all control because they
have one magic name that can be used to reach them 24x7. Actually there
are a few of them, the phone number being another example. 

 

One way to find a balance is to take control over our exposure by
getting past the current model of email which is based on the old
timesharing user account mixed in with a confused model of the post
office and phone number. The result is a system with all the limits of
their physical predecessors but without the controls (which were often
just the degree of inconvenience).

 

Rather than email addresses we would have access tokens or capabilities
that we can manage. The equivalent of the current email address would be
the lookup handle in a database that yields a unique capability that
contains information such as its source (a directory).

 

As with MIME, one can implement this scheme fairly transparently by
using the existing address string as a capability handle with routing
information. The @ is just noise since the final delivery point is not
the first SMTP server. If we couple this with removing the semantics
from the DNS (as William the Conqueror did for surnames in the Domesday
book) we'd get added benefits such as stable email handles.

 

More on this in
http://www.frankston.com/public/writing.asp?name=spamfixation

A related issue is getting rid of the semantics that have befouled the
DNS - http://www.frankston.com/public/writngs.asp?name=dotdns.

 

The goal is to separate the mechanisms from the policies. You can have
whatever policy you want once you have some control over your exposure.
You can do things like charging for priority access or you can keep some
capabilities very secret.

 

By separating the problem of finding you (the human memorable email
address and far better ways to find and remember you) from the mechanics
of the address we can do a lot more than dealing spam, we can start to
explore the potential of email instead of settling for a recycled hack
from the 60's.

 

 

 

 

Bob Frankston

rmf19@bobf.frankston.com

 


------=_NextPart_000_0093_01C2ECAA.3E28C550
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html>

<head>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dus-ascii">


<meta name=3DGenerator content=3D"Microsoft Word 10 (filtered)">

<style>
<!--
 /* Font Definitions */
 @font-face
	{font-family:tre;
	panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
 /* Style Definitions */
 p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
	{margin:0in;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:Arial;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
	{color:purple;
	text-decoration:underline;}
span.EmailStyle17
	{font-family:Arial;
	color:windowtext;}
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	{size:8.5in 11.0in;
	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;}
div.Section1
	{page:Section1;}
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</head>

<body lang=3DEN-US link=3Dblue vlink=3Dpurple>

<div class=3DSection1>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Spam
is not an intrinsic property of the bits or the message. It is a =
property of
the relationship between the sender and the recipient. The problem is =
that the
recipients have give up all control because they have one magic name =
that can
be used to reach them 24x7. Actually there are a few of them, the phone =
number
being another example. </span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>One
way to find a balance is to take control over our exposure by getting =
past the current
model of email which is based on the old timesharing user account mixed =
in with
a confused model of the post office and phone number. The result is a =
system
with all the limits of their physical predecessors but without the =
controls
(which were often just the degree of inconvenience).</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Rather
than email addresses we would have access tokens or capabilities that we =
can
manage. The equivalent of the current email address would be the lookup =
handle
in a database that yields a unique capability that contains information =
such as
its source (a directory).</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>As
with MIME, one can implement this scheme fairly transparently by using =
the existing
address string as a capability handle with routing information. The @ is =
just
noise since the final delivery point is not the first SMTP server. If we =
couple
this with removing the semantics from the DNS (as William the Conqueror =
did for
surnames in the Domesday book) we&#8217;d get added benefits such as =
stable
email handles.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>More
on this in <a
href=3D"http://www.frankston.com/public/writing.asp?name=3Dspamfixation">=
http://www.frankston.com/public/writing.asp?name=3Dspamfixation</a></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>A
related issue is getting rid of the semantics that have befouled the DNS =
&#8211;
<a =
href=3D"http://www.frankston.com/public/writngs.asp?name=3Ddotdns">http:/=
/www.frankston.com/public/writngs.asp?name=3Ddotdns</a>.</span></font></p=
>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>The
goal is to separate the mechanisms from the policies. You can have =
whatever
policy you want once you have some control over your exposure. You can =
do
things like charging for priority access or you can keep some =
capabilities very
secret.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>By separating
the problem of finding you (the human memorable email address and far =
better
ways to find and remember you) from the mechanics of the address we can =
do a
lot more than dealing spam, we can start to explore the potential of =
email
instead of settling for a recycled hack from the =
60&#8217;s.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'><font =
size=3D2
face=3Dtre><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:tre'>Bob =
Frankston</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'><font =
size=3D2
face=3Dtre><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:tre'><a
href=3D"mailto:rmf19@bobf.frankston.com">rmf19@bobf.frankston.com</a></sp=
an></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial>&nbsp;</font></p>

</div>

</body>

</html>

------=_NextPart_000_0093_01C2ECAA.3E28C550--

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From: "John Rumpelein" <jmr@jmrtech.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam 
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> This assumes the existence of a PKI.   Without that, it's 
> fairly trivial
> for me to crank out a bogus digital signature claiming to be 
> from meor@mail.softhome.net and forge subscriptions for you.  

It is already more or less required that organizations buy a CA-issued SSL
cert to operate a web site dealing in credit card transactions.  

Maybe it is not so farfetched that they should do this (or maybe use the
same cert) to also operate a mail server?

-J

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From: "John Rumpelein" <jmr@jmrtech.com>
To: <Asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
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> Specifically, I am thinking after the RCPT-TO: you could post 
> "RECEIVER allows this message to be delivered under the following
> conditions:

I'm no lawyer, but it is hard to understand how a message which no human
will ever see could be considered binding on the people who operate the
company.

-J

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: John Rumpelein <jmr@jmrtech.com>
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 14:51:28 -0800

On Mon, Mar 17, 2003 at 02:36:44PM -0800, John Rumpelein wrote:
> > Specifically, I am thinking after the RCPT-TO: you could post 
> > "RECEIVER allows this message to be delivered under the following
> > conditions:
> 
> I'm no lawyer, but it is hard to understand how a message which no human
> will ever see could be considered binding on the people who operate the
> company.

Even if it did, of what use could it be? Do you want to 
sue every single sender of spam? How do you sue the sender if
you don't know his identity? How do you sue a spammer
sending from a random country?

In which language would you like to post the message? What if 
the spammer claims to not understand english? 

What should I post? German? English? Turkish? 

If I receive spam from US, which law should apply on the agreement?
German law? US law? 

Hadmut
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In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 17 Mar 2003 14:40:48 PST."
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 17:55:27 -0500

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On Mon, 17 Mar 2003 14:40:48 PST, John Rumpelein <jmr@jmrtech.com>  said:
> It is already more or less required that organizations buy a CA-issued SSL
> cert to operate a web site dealing in credit card transactions.

Now, is that *legally* required, or is that simply the guys at Visa and
Mastercard saying "We won't clear transactions for you unless you...."  

I believe it to be the latter.

> Maybe it is not so farfetched that they should do this (or maybe use the
> same cert) to also operate a mail server?

Hmm.. if AOL and Hotmail and Yahoo were to insist on it, it might have a
snowball's chance of flying.  The big question is whether there's enough
supply of SSL accelerator cards, and if certs were economically feasible.

Remember there's a lot of .com's and .org's that are 1 or 2 boxes in a colo,
or a box or two in a closet in somebody's basement (literally half my personal
mail goes to places that are at the skinny end of an ADSL or cable modem).
If you can think of a way to deploy this without bankrupting those places
(they'd not need an SSL card for 100 smtp-over-ssl a day, but a full-blown
.COM cert may put their budget over the edge).  Any ideas?


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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 18:30:33 -0500

>I'm no lawyer, but it is hard to understand how a message which no human
>will ever see could be considered binding on the people who operate the
company.

Actually, the federal E-Sign Act (enacted in 2000) provides that a contract 
may not be denied legal effect because it was created by one or more 
electronic agents (computer programs designed to act independently without 
contemporaneous human participation).


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On Sunday, Mar 16, 2003, at 07:17 US/Eastern, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> For instance.  Does my putting my address on one keep Adobe from 
> sending me the product updates I asked for?  And if not, what keeps 
> every other company from claiming some prior business relationship.
>
> I think global phone opt-out lists are easier because people want 
> their phone for personal stuff and not business.  So they are happy to 
> nuke all companies.  But that's not as true for email.

It's not really true for phone either. A lot of people would like to be 
called if the company can't ship their overnight order on time, for 
example. One of the problems with MacWarehouse is that they don't allow 
you to say "use this information to contact me about my order, but 
don't use it to send me spam".

Personally, I don't want telemarketing calls from anyone--except Apple. 
If Apple wants to call me up and ask me to take part in market 
research, that's fine. (They did once.)


mathew

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From: "Damien Morton" <dm-temp-310102@nyc.rr.com>
To: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>, "'John Rumpelein'" <jmr@jmrtech.com>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam 
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Would all data between mail servers needs to be encrypted? I would
imagine that only a secure handshake on conection would be required.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
> Sent: Monday, 17 March 2003 17:55
> To: John Rumpelein
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam 
> 
> 
> On Mon, 17 Mar 2003 14:40:48 PST, John Rumpelein 
> <jmr@jmrtech.com>  said:
> > It is already more or less required that organizations buy 
> a CA-issued 
> > SSL cert to operate a web site dealing in credit card transactions.
> 
> Now, is that *legally* required, or is that simply the guys 
> at Visa and Mastercard saying "We won't clear transactions 
> for you unless you...."  
> 
> I believe it to be the latter.
> 
> > Maybe it is not so farfetched that they should do this (or 
> maybe use 
> > the same cert) to also operate a mail server?
> 
> Hmm.. if AOL and Hotmail and Yahoo were to insist on it, it 
> might have a snowball's chance of flying.  The big question 
> is whether there's enough supply of SSL accelerator cards, 
> and if certs were economically feasible.
> 
> Remember there's a lot of .com's and .org's that are 1 or 2 
> boxes in a colo, or a box or two in a closet in somebody's 
> basement (literally half my personal mail goes to places that 
> are at the skinny end of an ADSL or cable modem). If you can 
> think of a way to deploy this without bankrupting those 
> places (they'd not need an SSL card for 100 smtp-over-ssl a 
> day, but a full-blown .COM cert may put their budget over the 
> edge).  Any ideas?
> 
> 

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 17 Mar 2003 18:38:21 EST."
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On Mon, 17 Mar 2003 18:38:21 EST, Damien Morton said:
> Would all data between mail servers needs to be encrypted? I would
> imagine that only a secure handshake on conection would be required.

Strictly speaking, yes.  However, once you've done the handshake, keeping
the data connection encrypted is a relatively low overhead issue - all the
CPU cost is front-loaded on the handshake.

<rant>
Plus there's non-spam reasons for encrypting the whole transaction - it
makes life difficult for Echelon-like systems.  Some of us don't trust our
governments, and may not want to use crypto for only our sensitive data,
as if only 5% of your traffic is encrypted it's a red flag.  But if it's
ALL encrypted, their traffic analysis gets much harder.

Question: How many Nobel Peace Prize winners have terrorists and organized
crime wiretapped?  And how many has the US government confessed to wiretapping?

</rant>

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From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>
Organization: Vorteon, LLC
To: asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: [Asrg] Per domain blacklists
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 17:53:59 -0600
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My scheme for improving smtp and reducing abusive spams that contain fake 
headers basically amounts to a per domain blacklist implemented in DNS.

The mail server receiving the message will contact the DNS server of the "MAIL 
FROM" domain with a lookup of (reversed IP address).example.com
The DNS server will respond with OK or DENIED or nothing based on it's 
configuration.  Specific entries allow an IP or set of IPs and a wildcard 
entry disallows the rest of the internet.

OK means "Yes, send the message"
DENIED means "No, that IP address is not authorized to send mail from my 
domain"
nothing means "timeout or admin has not configured their dns to support this 
so send the message"

This method is completely backwards compatible,
useful when as little as 2 admins configure support,
capable of stopping klez type messages.

I have a further writeup at 
http://www.vorteon.com/papers/spam_reduction_through_dns.html
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On Monday, Mar 17, 2003, at 17:13 US/Eastern, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu 
wrote:
> Or we could just hire a few RIAA lawyers - *THEY* don't seem to have 
> *ANY*
> trouble in tracking down miscreants...

Funny you should mention that. Just this morning I got spam from some 
guy selling CD recordings of obscure music recorded from rare vinyl LPs 
and other sources. He had his name and address right in the e-mail.

I forwarded it to the RIAA piracy hotline.

I feel dirty... but it feels so good...


mathew

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Doug Phillips <gr8rdane@hotmail.com>
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 16:10:35 -0800

On Mon, Mar 17, 2003 at 06:30:33PM -0500, Doug Phillips wrote:
> 
> Actually, the federal E-Sign Act (enacted in 2000) provides that a contract 
> may not be denied legal effect because it was created by one or more 
> electronic agents (computer programs designed to act independently without 
> contemporaneous human participation).
> 

Nice. To which countries does this act apply to?

Do both the sender and recipient have to be covered by
that act?

What if one part the of communcation is in a different legislation?

Hadmut
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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>, John Rumpelein <jmr@jmrtech.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 16:12:11 -0800

At 02:51 PM 3/17/03 -0800, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
>On Mon, Mar 17, 2003 at 02:36:44PM -0800, John Rumpelein wrote:
> > > Specifically, I am thinking after the RCPT-TO: you could post
> > > "RECEIVER allows this message to be delivered under the following
> > > conditions:
> >
> > I'm no lawyer, but it is hard to understand how a message which no human
> > will ever see could be considered binding on the people who operate the
> > company.
>
>Even if it did, of what use could it be? Do you want to
>sue every single sender of spam? How do you sue the sender if
>you don't know his identity? How do you sue a spammer
>sending from a random country?
>
>In which language would you like to post the message? What if
>the spammer claims to not understand english?
>
>What should I post? German? English? Turkish?
>
>If I receive spam from US, which law should apply on the agreement?
>German law? US law?

Let's step back and recognize that there are at least two possible distinct 
technology research and design goals:

1.  Create technology that, by itself and independent of any legal norm or 
law, is (a) effective in stopping spam, (b) scalable, and (c) likely 
actually to get widely deployed.

2.  Create technology that can be used in conjunction with existing or 
proposed legal norms or laws to reduce or stop spam.

Obviously it would be wonderful if this RG can accomplish goal 1, and I 
assume there will be lots of effort toward that goal.  But I for one think 
that a robust solution to spam will likely require existing or new laws, 
and so I think there is value in considering goal 2 as well, even if the 
technology itself would not be self-enforcing.

John

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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 16:31:40 -0800

Ah, btw, who is here in San Francisco?

regards
Hadmut

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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 16:38:35 -0800

At 04:54 PM 3/14/2003 -0500, Jason Hihn wrote:
>IANAL, but the Supreme Court has ruled that we have the right to be left
>alone.

Unfortunately, it is not a "right" and I don't think they ever did.  The 
quote you are referring to was from SC judge Louis Brandeis' minority 
opinion in Olmstead v. United States (1928), a wiretap 
case.  Unfortunately, Olmstead lost.  Brandeis argued that allowing 
wiretaps intruded on the privacy of the callers, who generally weren't the 
object of the wiretap order.  This made excellent sense, but the court 
reasoned that the government's need to listen outweighed our right to 
privacy.  Prrivacy, what right to privacy?


steve

Experience teaches us to be most on our guard to protect liberty when the
government's purpose is beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert
to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded rulers. The greatest
dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal,
well-meaning but without understanding. -Louis Dembitz Brandeis, lawyer,
judge, and writer (1856-1941)

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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 16:57:04 -0800

At 04:38 PM 3/17/03 -0800, Steve Schear wrote:
>At 04:54 PM 3/14/2003 -0500, Jason Hihn wrote:
>>IANAL, but the Supreme Court has ruled that we have the right to be left
>>alone.
>
>Unfortunately, it is not a "right" and I don't think they ever did.

Not to drag us too far into a discussion of U.S. law (relevant, obviously, 
to only a subset of the IETF and the world in general), but Steve is 
right.  Indeed, last year, in Watchtower Bible & Tract Society v. Village 
of Stratton, http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/00-1737.ZS.html, the 
Supreme Court rejected a blanket ban on door-to-door solicitation on First 
Amendment grounds.  The Court hinted that a ban limited to COMMERCIAL 
solicitation might have more chance of success.

Of course, spam is different in that it imposes concrete costs on the 
recipient, and that will affect the constitutional analysis.  But it is 
likely that any spam legislation in the U.S. -- to be upheld in the long 
run -- will be limited to restrictions on commercial spam.  (And I'd 
suggest that discussions of the meaning of "commercial" in this context 
take place off list.)

John (fwiw, IAAL)

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On Monday, March 17, 2003, at 04:57  PM, John Morris wrote:

> will affect the constitutional analysis.  But it is likely that any 
> spam legislation in the U.S. -- to be upheld in the long run -- will 
> be limited to restrictions on commercial spam.  (And I'd suggest that 
> discussions of the meaning of "commercial" in this context take place 
> off list.)
>

I think a better approach at least for the first cut is to work towards 
attacks on spam for the fraudulent aspects, as in making it illegal to 
send e-mail with fraudulent return addresses to try to give ISPs a 
hatchet to go after the folks using open relays. Worry about how to 
deal with badly behaving mass mailers using real addresses through 
other means, or as a second round of legislation.


-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/


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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 02:11:19 +0100

At 17.03.2003 13:08 -0600, meor@mail.SoftHome.net wrote:
> >Why on earth would you want to abandon MXes?  MXes serve an extremely 
> useful purpose even if your "solution" was adopted - failover, 
> prioritization, enabling systems not on the Internet to receive email 
> (hint: my home machine doesn't have, and has no need for, an A record. 
> Couldn't use one even if it had one.  It's not Internet-connected.).
>
>There are other methods of fail safe and redundancy besides MX 
>records.  Every other type of network communication that needs 24/7 up 
>time, but does not make use of MX records has ways of keeping up time 
>despite machines failing.  Every other type of network communication does 
>not have special records for it's specific protocol, yet people are still 
>able to full up time.
>I don't know the personal situation with your machine at home but I don't 
>see how it is able to send/receive mail if it isn't connected to the 
>Internet ever.  I also may be naive but I don't see a resounding reason to 
>have a mail server that is not connected to the network which it is 
>receiving mail from.

What if you're a dial-in internet user?

What if there is a temporally routing problem, which makes the sender 
unable to reach your mailbox-"server"?

BTW. Does "every other type network communication" that hasn't special 
records for it's specific protocol make use of *static* adresses (like mail 
adresses) which are independend from what FQDN the *real* destination host has?

The good thing with your "solution" is that it could fix the bad things 
that came up with SMTP. But it would also "fix" the good things of it, stop 
ignoring that.

> >When faced with the option of not being able to hit send unless the 
> recipient's mailbox machine was currently online, sending clients would 
> have to. Dealing with sporadic machine outages would make mailing lists 
> (or even modest receiver lists) extremely unpleasant to operate if you 
> couldn't queue.  Imagine the world-wide grief if a backhoe took out AOL's 
> connectivity for a short time, or an individual mailbox server went 
> down.  My home machine would never get another email again...
>
>If a backhoe took out AOL's connectivity, there are going to be more 
>issues at stake than just this method.  If no one can connect to AOL's 
>servers AOL itself will be down.  None of it's users will be able to use 
>it's services, no one will be able to get to it's web page, nothing.
>Maybe I overlooked it, but do you believe that this method should protect 
>against catastrophic failures of this kind?

Damn, yes, it really should. Say, a network administrator at AOL makes a 
"little" mistake while configuring the main routers, so AOL will be 
completely down for ... 10 minutes. Even in this 10 minutes *lots* of mail 
*would* have been delivered to some of the millions(?) of AOL users. So 
your protocol would force thousands of mail clients to retry their 
delivery. If the clients were dial-in users, they wourd be forced to be 
online for each retry. With a protocol that allows relay servers (like 
SMTP) they can go offline and lay back without worrying what happens to 
their mail. And even when the relay server is unable to deliver the mail, 
it is not lost - the sender will recieve an notify when the relay server 
gives up (after a reasonable period of time).

> >How would ISP (or a corporation) block outbound mailbombs and the like 
> if they don't get to see the traffic?  Legal liabilities galore.
>
>Unless you're mail bombing someone who has white listed you(someone who 
>trusts you), your mail bomb isn't going to be able to nearly as effective 
>as they are right now.  I also don't see why a filter could not be 
>developed for this protocol as well.  Just because it isn't SMTP, doesn't 
>mean it cannot be monitored by administrators.
>
> >Huh?  I'd like to see any of our users get around our send filtering and 
> logging.  Hint: we block direct outbound email simply by denying outbound 
> port 25.  As do many ISPs with dialup pool router blocks. Short of active 
> collusion with outside entities (eg: port forwarding ala open proxies) 
> they can't.
>
>Yes, I was implying outside assistance.
>
>
> >Blocking outbound klez.  I wish Verizon would do that...
>Logging all email is becoming a legal necessity these days [Patriot Act 
>plus others, mutter].
>
>Again, I don't see how a filter could not be developed for this protocol 
>if one was so desired.

The problem is, that it has to be installed on *every* concerned client. In 
a corporate environment you really want to have one central mail relay 
server because it's no problem to update the filter rules for *all* 
incoming and outgoing mail at this point.

>[...]

> >Requiring the recipient mailbox machine to be online and operational at 
> the time of sending a piece of email is, by itself, considerably worse 
> than the status quo.  Race conditions. Etc. Vastly more unreliable.
>
>I don't see how the mail server being off-line is worse than any other 
>server going off-line that needs 24/7 up time.  If your web server goes 
>down and you have no redundancy, you have a problem.  If your Internet 
>router box goes down and you have no redundancy, you have a problem.  I 
>believe this method succumbs to the same issues as every other network service.
>The difference with this method opposed to the current E-Mail system is 
>that you are not wasting gigabytes worth of bandwidth and disk space 
>transferring and storing unsolicited junk mail because no one can make 
>money off of sending it anymore.

AGIAN. What if TWO dial-in users want to send each other email? Both have 
to be online at the same time! THIS SUCKS!!!
And you don't see how this all ever could be a problem because you become 
f*cking ignorant when someone criticises your protocol.

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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 02:13:15 +0100

At 17.03.2003 13:38 -0600, meor@mail.SoftHome.net wrote:
>At 13:59 3/17/2003 -0500, you wrote:
>>On Mon, 17 Mar 2003 12:39:09 CST, meor@mail.SoftHome.net  said:
>>
>> > I had to send and receive 3 E-Mails to sign up for this list.  If the
>> > proposed method was implemented, only one would have to be sent.  The one
>> > E-Mail would add the list's public key to my white list(implicitly by
>> > sending them an E-Mail), and the list owner would know that I signed 
>> up for
>> > it(no one signed me up for it out of spite), because of my public key.
>>
>>This assumes the existence of a PKI.   Without that, it's fairly trivial
>>for me to crank out a bogus digital signature claiming to be from
>>meor@mail.softhome.net and forge subscriptions for you.  And without any
>>mailback confirmation, you'd not even know what happened until you started
>>getting 300+ pieces of mail a day from linux-kernel mailing list. ;)
>>
>>Yes, a self-signed cert *will* prove that two somethings have the same 
>>source,
>>but that doesn't help in trying to confirm a subscription to an e-mail 
>>list...
>
>Actually this method would not need a PKI.  Upon the first attempt to send 
>mail to the end user by the Mail list, the mail list would be told that 
>the public key/signature is not recognized at which point it would be 
>known that the recipient mail box did not request list subscription.
>Even if you did have to send 3 E-Mails with the new method, like you do 
>with the current method, this does not disprove the ability to subscribe 
>to bulk mailing lists.  The point I was trying to demonstrate was that 
>white lists are easy to implement, and digital signatures verify origin.

How would a newsletter sender find out, if he tried to send a mail to an 
unsubscribed user or to an user who has forgotten to whitelist the sender yet?

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To: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam
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At 5:55 PM -0500 3/17/03, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:
>(they'd not need an SSL card for 100 smtp-over-ssl a day, but a full-blown
>.COM cert may put their budget over the edge).  Any ideas?

A .com cert goes for $99 semi-wholesale.  QuickCerts are even 
cheaper.  That would be a per-year cost.  Not too bad.

As for the encryption hit.  A lot of sites are already using TLS and 
self-signed certs.  I use it for the hundreds of messages I 
download/send every day, and other sites that support it use it 
connecting to my server.  Not a huge cost.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 02:24:23 +0100

At 17.03.2003 17:25 -0500, asrg@bobf.frankston.com wrote:
>Spam is not an intrinsic property of the bits or the message. It is a 
>property of the relationship between the sender and the recipient. The 
>problem is that the recipients have give up all control because they have 
>one magic name that can be used to reach them 24x7. Actually there are a 
>few of them, the phone number being another example.

*Usually*, I regard every HTML mail as spam, even when it comes from people 
I know.

Would you mind sending plain text mails when there is absolutely no reason 
to use HTML. (Having chosen a crappy MUA is no reason.)

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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 15:32:18 -0800 (PST)


http://www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/internet/03/17/halting.spam.ap/index.html

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From: Margie Arbon <margie@mail-abuse.org>
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--On Monday, March 17, 2003 4:38 PM -0800 Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com> wrote:

> At 04:54 PM 3/14/2003 -0500, Jason Hihn wrote:
>> IANAL, but the Supreme Court has ruled that we have the right to be left
>> alone.
>
> Unfortunately, it is not a "right" and I don't think they ever did.  The quote you are referring
> to was from SC judge Louis Brandeis' minority opinion in Olmstead v. United States (1928), a
> wiretap case.

Try the ruling in:
ROWAN v. U. S. POST OFFICE DEPT. , 397 U.S. 728 (1970)397 U.S. 728

"We therefore categorically reject the argument that a vendor has a right under the Constitution 
or otherwise to send unwanted material into the home of another. If this prohibition operates to 
impede the flow of even valid ideas, the answer is that no one has a right to press even 'good' 
ideas on an unwilling recipient. That we are often 'captives' outside the sanctuary of the home 
and subject to objectionable speech and other sound does not mean we must be captives everywhere. 
See Public Utilities Comm. of District of Columbia v. Pollak, 343 U.S. 451 (1952). The asserted 
right of a mailer, we repeat, stops at the outer boundary of every person's domain."

as delivered by Chief Justice Burger.

it's closer, but seems to speak to the limitations and lack of certain "rights" of the sender or 
speaker rather than the affirmative granting or acknowledgement of the "rights" of the recipient 
or listener...but IANAL either.

The rulings of the US Supreme Court don't tend to be internationally applicable, so I'm not sure 
of the relevancy to this forum.

-- 
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Margie Arbon                   Mail Abuse Prevention System, LLC
margie@mail-abuse.org          http://mail-abuse.org








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>The problem is, that it has to be installed on *every* concerned client. 
>In a corporate environment you really want to have one central mail relay 
>server because it's no problem to update the filter rules for *all* 
>incoming and outgoing mail at this point.

No it would not.  Although you would not be able to _stop_ the E-Mails from 
being sent(unless the filter is on the Internet router and is able to block 
communication), you would be able to track the sender through the use of 
passive packet analyzing, and probably terminate the employment of the 
perpetrator.

>AGIAN. What if TWO dial-in users want to send each other email? Both have 
>to be online at the same time! THIS SUCKS!!!
>And you don't see how this all ever could be a problem because you become 
>f*cking ignorant when someone criticises your protocol.

Again, I don't think you've read my outline thoroughly.  I said there are 
three entities in this protocol.  Mail senders, mail hosts, and end 
users.  Mail hosts house the E-Mail for end users until they are ready to 
retrieve it.  The retrieval process is a simple authentication based retrieval.

In the case of a dial-up user sending to another dial up user, the 
communication would go something like this(Keep in mind the encryption key 
finding section of this protocol is only used if the sender is _not 
whitelisted_ by the receiver so the only time this would happen is if a 
dial up user was sending a piece of mail to an unknown person):

Dial-up user composes the E-Mail.
Dial-up user connects to the mail host.
Mail hosts requests the Dial-up user to find the encryption key to the cipher.
Dial-up user can disconnect while this computation is being performed.
Dial-up user connects to the mail host.
Dial-up user sends the cipher key and sends the E-Mail message.

Please do not continue to address me as you have been.  I've spend a lot of 
time working on this idea and would appreciate constructive criticism 
instead of cursing and name-calling.  I believe this method is a _very_ 
good solution to our E-Mail problems and would appreciate some possible 
brain storming as to how to work out all the details.

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>How would a newsletter sender find out, if he tried to send a mail to an 
>unsubscribed user or to an user who has forgotten to whitelist the sender yet?

The white list exchange, as covered in my overview, works like this:

List subscriber obtains the address of the E-Mail list distributor from a 
web site(Ex: news@cnn.com).
List subscriber sends a subscription request E-Mail to the list's 
address.  This sending of E-Mail places the address news@cnn.com in the 
white list of the list subscriber.
The mailing list attempts to send an E-Mail to the list subscriber.
The mail host sees that news@cnn.com has been added to the white list and 
allows mail to be sent without computation time.

Keep in mind, as covered in the overview, white lists do not exclude people 
from sending mail to an end user, but rather slows the ability to rapidly 
send mail to unknown persons.

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>Damn, yes, it really should. Say, a network administrator at AOL makes a 
>"little" mistake while configuring the main routers, so AOL will be 
>completely down for ... 10 minutes. Even in this 10 minutes *lots* of mail 
>*would* have been delivered to some of the millions(?) of AOL users. So 
>your protocol would force thousands of mail clients to retry their 
>delivery. If the clients were dial-in users, they wourd be forced to be 
>online for each retry. With a protocol that allows relay servers (like 
>SMTP) they can go offline and lay back without worrying what happens to 
>their mail. And even when the relay server is unable to deliver the mail, 
>it is not lost - the sender will recieve an notify when the relay server 
>gives up (after a reasonable period of time).

On the opposite side of that, with the current SMTP/POP protocols Say a 
network administrator at AOL makes a "little" mistake while configuring the 
main routers, so AOL will be completely down for ... 10 minutes.  Even in 
this 10 minutes *lots* of mail *would* be unable to be sent by some of the 
millions(?) of AOL users because their SMTP server is down.  So the current 
protocol would force thousands of mail clients to retry their delivery.  If 
the clients were dial-in users, they wourd be forced to be online for each 
retry.


The current protocol is just as susceptible to server outages as the 
proposed would be.  With the proposed protocol the user would be at the 
mercy of the receiving server instead of the sending server.

In a preemptive response to "If the SMTP server is down, use a different 
SMTP server"  *Very few* E-Mail users would or know how to re-configure 
their SMTP server.  The response to server outages should not be "Re 
configure your SMTP server", but rather should be "Why did the server go 
down" and "Why isn't there a backup"?


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             <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303171531430.17376-100000@sokol.elan.net> 
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 19:54:22 -0800


In message <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303171531430.17376-100000@sokol.elan.net>, 
william@elan.net wrote:

>
>http://www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/internet/03/17/halting.spam.ap/index.html


	``So an international organization best known for creating the
	Internet's plumbing has decided to explore fundamental changes
	in its architecture that would effect a fix. This would ultimately
	require a global consensus -- and software updates for everybody.''

It would???

Who says so?

I myself have some rather different ideas... ideas that DON'T involve
everybody on the planet trashing all of the existing infrastructure
that they have in place already.  And I'm not alone.  Not by any means.
There's a lot of people working on evolutionary ideas, rather than
revolutionary ones.  The evolutionary ones have one helluva lot more
chance of actually being adopted.
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Mon Mar 17 22:59:39 2003
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 20:57:30 -0700 (MST)

A day or two ago I asked in NANAE if anyone has heard of SPEWS
listing all of UUNET.  The only responses have been negative. 
So far the most comprehensive response is:

] From: pacman@manson.clss.net (Alan Curry)
 
] ...
] Since 24 Jul 2002 I have downloaded spews_level_1.txt about once every other
] day, and saved the parts that relate to the UUNET65 netblock (65.192.0.0/11).
] As a customer in that netblock, I want to keep track of how fast the listings
] are approaching my /24.
] 
] None have ever come very close.
] 
] For a while there was a /15 listed under S971 (Worldreach). It was the
] biggest block listed in SPEWS level 1, it generated n.a.n-a.e traffic from
] the human shields, but compared to the idea of listing all of UUNET, it was
] tiny. I don't pay much attention to SPEWS level 2, but it usually seems to
] list the same size netblocks as level 1, for a longer period of time, so I
] doubt it has listed all of UUNET either.
] 
] Furthermore, as a customer since 12 Oct 2001, with a traffic level of about
] 1000 messages per day, I'm not aware of any outgoing messages being rejected
] due to a SPEWS listing.

See http://spews.org/ to ask SPEWS about SPEWS's records for IP
addresses and S-records.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam 
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 20:00:46 -0800


In message <5.1.0.14.0.20030317194213.00b44d28@mail.SoftHome.net>, 
meor@mail.SoftHome.net wrote:

>
>>How would a newsletter sender find out, if he tried to send a mail to an 
>>unsubscribed user or to an user who has forgotten to whitelist the sender yet
>?
>
>The white list exchange, as covered in my overview, works like this:
>
>List subscriber obtains the address of the E-Mail list distributor from a 
>web site(Ex: news@cnn.com).
>List subscriber sends a subscription request E-Mail to the list's 
>address.  This sending of E-Mail places the address news@cnn.com in the 
>white list of the list subscriber.
>The mailing list attempts to send an E-Mail to the list subscriber.
>The mail host sees that news@cnn.com has been added to the white list and 
>allows mail to be sent without computation time...

... after which the mose astute portion of the spammer community figures
out that they will increase their odds of delivery dramatically, simply
by sending out their spams with the forged envelope sender address of
<news@cnn.com>.

>Keep in mind, as covered in the overview, white lists do not exclude people 
>from sending mail to an end user, but rather slows the ability to rapidly 
>send mail to unknown persons.

Except for the trusted ones... or anybody masquerading as trusted one.
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 20:10:59 -0800

Just a simple question: Are we bound to focus
on e-mail/SMTP transport or do we cover 
News/NNTP as well?



(Sorry if this question was already discussed, 
I couldn't track all messages, especially after
I've been offline for a few days.)

Hadmut
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From: "Brad Davis" <bdavis@saintandreas.org>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] FYI: CNN article & Kneejerk reaction from LawMeme
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http://research.yale.edu/lawmeme/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=
1001

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
william@elan.net
Sent: Monday, March 17, 2003 3:32 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] FYI: CNN article


http://www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/internet/03/17/halting.spam.ap/index.html

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From: "John Rumpelein" <jmr@jmrtech.com>
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Chuq,

> I think a better approach at least for the first cut is to 
> work towards 
> attacks on spam for the fraudulent aspects, as in making it 
> illegal to 
> send e-mail with fraudulent return addresses to try to give ISPs a 
> hatchet to go after the folks using open relays. Worry about how to 
> deal with badly behaving mass mailers using real addresses through 
> other means, or as a second round of legislation.

I live in Washington State, where we have already passed the legislation you
propose.  I can tell you, unfortunately, that I don't receive any less spam
than you do.  We can theoretically pursue lawsuits against spammers in small
claims court to the tune of $500 per offense, but I have not heard of one
single spammer (not one) who has actually been forced to pay under this law.

One questions the usefulness of a legal solution to the problem, and even
whether the court system is designed to handle this volume of lawsuits.  (Do
we need spammers clogging up our court system also?)

-J

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From: "John Rumpelein" <jmr@jmrtech.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
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Doug,

> >I'm no lawyer, but it is hard to understand how a message which no 
> >human will ever see could be considered binding on the people who 
> >operate the
> company.
> 
> Actually, the federal E-Sign Act (enacted in 2000) provides 
> that a contract 
> may not be denied legal effect because it was created by one or more 
> electronic agents (computer programs designed to act 
> independently without 
> contemporaneous human participation).

The point is not whether or not a "contract" can be in electronic form (I
agree this is possible) but whether two people can enter into a contract
when only one of them is aware of its existence.  The answer, I think, is
no.

Your argument, if I understand it correctly, is that a mail server can enter
into legal agreements on its owner's behalf without his prior knowledge.
This seems... problematic.

-J

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 17 Mar 2003 20:12:22 EST."
             <p06000b0eba9c227d61e4@[192.168.1.104]> 
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--==_Exmh_-2071763246P
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

On Mon, 17 Mar 2003 20:12:22 EST, Kee Hinckley said:

> A .com cert goes for $99 semi-wholesale.  QuickCerts are even 
> cheaper.  That would be a per-year cost.  Not too bad.

And how much do said certs prove?  What verification does QuickCert do to
make sure that they're issuing a cert to an actually identified user?

At $100 a pop, what's stopping spammers and other miscreants from getting
bogus certs?

> As for the encryption hit.  A lot of sites are already using TLS and 
> self-signed certs.  I use it for the hundreds of messages I 
> download/send every day, and other sites that support it use it 
> connecting to my server.  Not a huge cost.

As I said, it's not a hit when you're doing several hundred pieces of mail
a day.  You do several hundred thousand, you'll be wanting an SSL card.. ;)

(And yes, I have a listserv box that cranks about 500K msgs/day, and it will
do SSL with a self-signed cert if the other end says STARTTLS.  Not many
sites do.)

--==_Exmh_-2071763246P
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 20:29:16 -0800

Another question:

In most legislations, you can conclude a legally binding 
contract only after you reached full age. 

Such a solution (w|c)ould not cover spam sent from youngsters.



Hadmut
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] Content versus conversation
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 17 Mar 2003 16:57:04 PST."
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 18:35:35 -0500

  As a non-US resident, I won't get into U.S. laws.

  I would say, though, that content filtering (which may be useful1 on
an individual level) should be outside of the scope of this group.
The problem with spam is not the content, but the conversation.

  Spam is unwanted conversation, not unwanted content.  That alone
means that any recipient-based filtering scheme will never be a
solution to the spam problem.  Those methods may help individuals deal
with their spam problem, but they will never help the network deal
with it.

  As conversation and not content, spam is like getting flowers from a
stalker.  It's nice in a normal relationship, but in the context of
stalking, it's creepy and often illegal.

  The idea of "free speech" similarly relates to content, not to
conversation.  Anyone is free to say anything they want, but if they
follow me around and yell in my ear, it's harassment.

  On the other extreme, if every day I was receiving 100,000
legitimate offers to give me $10, I probably wouldn't treat them as
spam.  (And I wouldn't be on this list.)

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Content versus conversation
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 20:55:01 -0800

Excellent statement. 

I do fully agree.

Hadmut
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> The problem with spam is not the content, but the conversation.

  No, I disagree. I perceive the content to be spam, much
  in thw way tools like SpamAssasin and Vipul's Razor judge
  the *content* in an automated fashion. Or, an ISP
  client. They could care less about the "envelope".
  They care that the content is objectionable.

  Based upon the track records of senders of objectionable
  material, I can decide to all out ban their connections
  to my mail server. After I get a message from a client
  complaining about content.

  It's just like junk snail mail - you don't always throw it
  away just because the envelope looks like the mail inside
  may be an unrequested commercial advertisement.

---
   John Johnson - System Administrator;  Sirius Systems Group
   jjohn@sirinet.net    KJ5AA
   (580) 355-6436

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From: "John Rumpelein" <jmr@jmrtech.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam 
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Valdis,

> > It is already more or less required that organizations buy 
> a CA-issued 
> > SSL cert to operate a web site dealing in credit card transactions.
> 
> Now, is that *legally* required, or is that simply the guys 
> at Visa and Mastercard saying "We won't clear transactions 
> for you unless you...."  
> 
> I believe it to be the latter.

Actually, I'm not sure it is either of these.  But people with a brain will
not use an e-commerce site which is not using encryption, and the vendor is
(theoretically at least) liable for negligence if someone manages to
intercept the credit card info because it was sent in the clear.  I say
"theoretically" because 1) it seems more likely that credit cards are stolen
by server machines being broken into and 2) I've never heard of a lawsuit
happening because of this.

> > Maybe it is not so farfetched that they should do this (or 
> maybe use 
> > the same cert) to also operate a mail server?
> 
> Hmm.. if AOL and Hotmail and Yahoo were to insist on it, it 
> might have a snowball's chance of flying.  The big question 
> is whether there's enough supply of SSL accelerator cards, 
> and if certs were economically feasible.

The question of CPU load is interesting.  I'm not sure how much trouble this
would cause for anyone except the largest ISPs.  Arguably it may decrease
the load on servers, since many (most?  all? ;) spammers sending mail these
days would not be able to send mail at all under this scheme.  

I am aware that some MTAs have support for this sort of thing currently, but
I have to confess ignorance of how it is actually implemented... this is
something I should read up on.

> Remember there's a lot of .com's and .org's that are 1 or 2 
> boxes in a colo, or a box or two in a closet in somebody's 
> basement (literally half my personal mail goes to places that 
> are at the skinny end of an ADSL or cable modem). If you can 
> think of a way to deploy this without bankrupting those 
> places (they'd not need an SSL card for 100 smtp-over-ssl a 
> day, but a full-blown .COM cert may put their budget over the 
> edge).  Any ideas?

CA-issued SSL certs are around $100/yr.  Little guys like this could get
around the requirement by relaying mail through their ISP, maybe (who could
have a list of allowed relays by IP).  If an ISP can't afford $100/yr for an
SSL cert, they have bigger problems.  (Most ISPs will have one already for
doing secure HTTP anyway.)

Remember, I'm talking about requiring an SSL cert to *initiate* an SMTP
session; you could still receive mail without one.  

-J

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>... after which the mose astute portion of the spammer community figures
>out that they will increase their odds of delivery dramatically, simply
>by sending out their spams with the forged envelope sender address of
><news@cnn.com>.

No, you are wrong.  Digital signatures are used to assert 
identity.  Digital signatures are verifiable and unforgable.

>Except for the trusted ones... or anybody masquerading as trusted one.

Digital signatures... please review my 
overview.  http://meor.xwarzone.com/overview.htm

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200303180513.h2I5D2xu015236@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam
References:  <200303180419.h2I4J0qD003272@turing-police.cc.vt.edu>
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 22:13:02 -0700 (MST)

> From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu

>...
> (And yes, I have a listserv box that cranks about 500K msgs/day, and it will
> do SSL with a self-signed cert if the other end says STARTTLS.  Not many
> sites do.)

I think I'e seen sendmail Received headers saying the SMTP clients of some
spammers agree to STARTTLS when sending to my SMTP server.

I've no idea if they're using self-signed or commercial certs.

In this case, I'm talking about "whack-a-mole" spammers instead of
big outfits that are senders of unsolicted bulk mail and that might be
expected to use commercial certs such as Verisign.
Please consider the implications if they are using commercial certs.
Please note there is no reason except cost that they aren't using
commercial certs.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Content versus conversation 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 17 Mar 2003 22:57:20 CST."
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 19:11:02 -0500

John Johnson <jjohn@mail.sirinet.net> wrote:
> > The problem with spam is not the content, but the conversation.
> 
>   No, I disagree. I perceive the content to be spam,

  That's *your* decision, and as such, should be outside of the scope
of this group.

  That's what the rest of my message was trying to explain.  I had
hoped people would read past the firsdt sentence...

>  much
>   in thw way tools like SpamAssasin and Vipul's Razor judge
>   the *content* in an automated fashion. Or, an ISP
>   client. They could care less about the "envelope".
>   They care that the content is objectionable.

  I think you missed my point.  You're judging that the conversation
is unacceptable based on it's content.

  If the content filters worked perfectly, then they would filter out
(for example) posts on a mailing list from people telling you they
didn't like you, or your mother.  They would filter out posts from
your best friend who occasionally sends you an angry message.

  Content filters can't do that, and shouldn't.  You occasionally *do*
care to receive inappropriate content, because in the right context,
it's OK.

  Offers of sex for money from unwanted strangers is spam.  A message
from your wife sending you email at work saying "hurry home, I'm
ovulating!" contains a similar content, but your response will be
significantly different.

  The only reason you're using content filters to delete spam is
because the methods to stop the conversation from the spammer aren't
working well enough.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Rant: [Asrg] digital nonsense
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 17 Mar 2003 23:12:07 CST."
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 19:14:40 -0500

meor@mail.SoftHome.net wrote:
> No, you are wrong.  Digital signatures are used to assert 
> identity.  Digital signatures are verifiable and unforgable.

  Digital signatures mean that software you didn't write performed a
mathematical operation you didn't understand, and produced output you
can't verify.  (Yes, I would describe myself that way, too.)

  Even if you believed them, you still have no idea what they mean.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Per domain blacklists
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Date: 17 Mar 2003 23:25:31 -0600

In <200303171753.59571@grx> David Walker <antispam@grax.com> writes:

> My scheme for improving smtp and reducing abusive spams that contain fake 
> headers basically amounts to a per domain blacklist implemented in DNS.

Variations of these two solutions have been discussed extensively on
this mailing list.

See:

https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00001.html
RMX records
(Yes, this was the very first message to this mailing list)

https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00048.html
domain specific DNS blacklists (or whitelists)

https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00686.html
pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)


Summary:

1) DNS currently has certain security flaws that allow people to spoof
   it and therefore let spammers get around these systems.

   IMHO, this is more of a theoretical concern that a practical one.
   Spammers haven't used these security flaws to spoof other DNSBLs,
   and that would be a much bigger payoff for them.

2) Many people, especially those that travel a lot, like to be able to
   "forge" email headers and such so that they can send email from
   anywhere and make it look like it is coming from their home system.

   IMHO, there are better solutions to this kind of problem, such as
   SMTP AUTH or SMTP TLS, but there are a lot of people out there that
   are "forging" email for legitimate reasons.

3) Checking the SMTP HELO and MAIL FROM domain information is only
   mildly useful.  End users generally don't see this envelope
   information, and spammers can simply switch to RFC "MUST" deliver
   domains such as the local host or <>.

4) Checking the mail from: header would break a lot of things like
   mailing lists.


I think that per domain blacklists can be very easily implemented, as
I demonstrated in the third post I mentioned above.  I am not,
however, convince that it would hinder spammers more than it would
hinder legitimate email users.


-wayne


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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam
Message-ID: <20030318052728.GA6405@danisch.de>
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 21:27:28 -0800

On Mon, Mar 17, 2003 at 10:13:02PM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> Please note there is no reason except cost that they aren't using
> commercial certs.

On the contrary. 

If a spammer used a commercial cert, this cert could be tracked
back to the senders identity, and that's what the spammer hates
like the devil hates holy water.

And a commercial certificate contains informations the 
spammer cannot arbitrarily change. So these certs could very
easily be blacklisted. That's also something the spammer fears.

Hadmut

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To: "'Alan DeKok'" <aland@freeradius.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Content versus conversation
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Very good point and consistent with my approach of managing my own
exposure.

We should separate any discussion of content into a legacy hack category
-- what do you do after your one true name is revealed. Sort of like
firewalls for naïve systems that predate the awareness of the Internet.

We can then focus on managing our exposure and messaging without having
to second guess the intent of a message -- a task that should be left to
poets and philosophers and sophomores.

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Alan
DeKok
Sent: Monday, March 17, 2003 18:36
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] Content versus conversation

  As a non-US resident, I won't get into U.S. laws.

  I would say, though, that content filtering (which may be useful1 on
an individual level) should be outside of the scope of this group.
The problem with spam is not the content, but the conversation.

  Spam is unwanted conversation, not unwanted content.  That alone
means that any recipient-based filtering scheme will never be a
solution to the spam problem.  Those methods may help individuals deal
with their spam problem, but they will never help the network deal
with it.

  As conversation and not content, spam is like getting flowers from a
stalker.  It's nice in a normal relationship, but in the context of
stalking, it's creepy and often illegal.

  The idea of "free speech" similarly relates to content, not to
conversation.  Anyone is free to say anything they want, but if they
follow me around and yell in my ear, it's harassment.

  On the other extreme, if every day I was receiving 100,000
legitimate offers to give me $10, I probably wouldn't treat them as
spam.  (And I wouldn't be on this list.)

  Alan DeKok.
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Presume that all email traffic is encrypted and you can't read the
content ...

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of John
Johnson
Sent: Monday, March 17, 2003 23:57
To: Alan DeKok
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Content versus conversation



> The problem with spam is not the content, but the conversation.

  No, I disagree. I perceive the content to be spam, much
  in thw way tools like SpamAssasin and Vipul's Razor judge
  the *content* in an automated fashion. Or, an ISP
  client. They could care less about the "envelope".
  They care that the content is objectionable.

  Based upon the track records of senders of objectionable
  material, I can decide to all out ban their connections
  to my mail server. After I get a message from a client
  complaining about content.

  It's just like junk snail mail - you don't always throw it
  away just because the envelope looks like the mail inside
  may be an unrequested commercial advertisement.

---
   John Johnson - System Administrator;  Sirius Systems Group
   jjohn@sirinet.net    KJ5AA
   (580) 355-6436

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Content versus conversation
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 00:21:54 -0600 (CST)

On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 asrg@bobf.frankston.com wrote:

> Presume that all email traffic is encrypted and you can't read the
> content ...

  Am I to also assume the recipient has no means to decrypt it?
  I have seen obfuscated spam, but I have never seen encrypted
  spam.

  But I do get your point. Any fix of the situation should be
  flexible enough to handle situations outside of simple
  content matches. I was just pointing out that content matches
  of a human nature generate the complaints. To try to divorce
  content from the definition of spam is like receiving an
  empty envelope in snail mail. No time wasted, nothing to
  read.

---
   John Johnson - System Administrator;  Sirius Systems Group
   jjohn@sirinet.net    KJ5AA
   (580) 355-6436

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From: John Johnson <jjohn@mail.sirinet.net>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 00:31:42 -0600 (CST)

On Mon, 17 Mar 2003, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> If a spammer used a commercial cert, this cert could be tracked
> back to the senders identity, and that's what the spammer hates
> like the devil hates holy water.

  Thats the truth. With so much work to forge headers, set up
  return DNS for 127.0.0.x, and using anonymous proxies, these
  things hate the light.

  That appears to be a good challenge, make senders authenticated
  in a trackable, nonreputable fashion.

---
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   jjohn@sirinet.net    KJ5AA
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To: "'Kee Hinckley'" <products@somewhere.com>, <asrg@bobf.frankston.com>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam cannot be solved at the source
Keywords: asrg;filename=20030318-012707-781.mht;x-sender=products@somewhere.com
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Not if the addresses only work once or in the appropriate context.

These are not names, they are capabilities.

(I'll try to write more tomorrow)

-----Original Message-----
From: Kee Hinckley [mailto:products@somewhere.com] 
Sent: Monday, March 17, 2003 23:57
To: asrg@bobf.frankston.com
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam cannot be solved at the source

At 5:25 PM -0500 3/17/03, <asrg@bobf.frankston.com> wrote:
>Rather than email addresses we would have access tokens or 
>capabilities that we can manage. The

Keep in mind that while this gives the user control, it gives the 
owner of the mail server hives.  Unless the costs significantly 
change the volume of email simply increases dramatically as the 
spammers try and figure out which of the many addresses you have 
published might be willing to receive their email.  Sure, *you* don't 
get them--but that doesn't mean the traffic isn't there.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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To: "John Rumpelein" <jmr@jmrtech.com>
From: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>
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On Monday, March 17, 2003, at 08:12  PM, John Rumpelein wrote:

> I live in Washington State, where we have already passed the 
> legislation you
> propose.  I can tell you, unfortunately, that I don't receive any less 
> spam
> than you do.  We can theoretically pursue lawsuits against spammers in 
> small
> claims court to the tune of $500 per offense, but I have not heard of 
> one
> single spammer (not one) who has actually been forced to pay under 
> this law.

it's a problem of jurisdiction. Washington is simply too small.

To me, it has to be national legislation to be useful, for that very 
reason: the chance of both you and the spammer being in washington 
jurisdiction is tiny, and even if you get washington small claims to 
issue a judgement, collection is problematic.

But with a national law, we can do two things: we can finally stop the 
argument about whether spam is legal or not (yes, I know about trespass 
and other hacks, they're hacks, like getting someone for driving 
without a license when they ran over someone becuase manslaughter isn't 
provable), and give the national ISPs a good hook to go after the 
domestic spammers. But it also does something else: it sets an example 
and model legislation that the US can then use to influence other 
countries to adopt. Eventually, I see the spam issue as one that's 
resolved internationally in a way similar to the way copyright has 
been, but someone has to start the process and to me, that means 
starting at home. it's hard to argue with a straight face that Korea or 
china needs to fix their spam problem if we aren't dealing with ours 
here.

> One questions the usefulness of a legal solution to the problem, and 
> even
> whether the court system is designed to handle this volume of 
> lawsuits.  (Do
> we need spammers clogging up our court system also?)
>

I don't think there need be a huge number of small lawsuits, although 
there will be some. I think the big thing is enabling the big ISPs and 
the justice department to deal with this on a criminal basis, and not 
on the civil suit basis they have to try now. some of the US spammers 
will likely move offshore, but others will move into other lines of 
business once the line is drawn in the sand, and until we get started 
cleaning up our own house, we have little hope of really making a dent 
on international spam.


-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/


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To: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 01:46:53 -0500

At 11:18 PM -0500 3/17/03, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:
>And how much do said certs prove?  What verification does QuickCert do to
>make sure that they're issuing a cert to an actually identified user?

Basically they seem to do a credit check and make sure that the whois 
and contact information matches the organization information.  I 
assume Phillip could address that more completely.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: "Doug Phillips" <gr8rdane@hotmail.com>
To: jmr@jmrtech.com, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 02:03:16 -0500

I wasn't making an argument, just pointing out that (contrary to what was 
stated in the prior post) U.S. federal law specifically states that a 
message is not prevented from being considered binding just because no human 
ever sees it.

It's also true that the E-Sign Act requires that the action of an electronic 
agent, to be covered by this provision, must be "legally attributable to the 
person to be bound."  So (presumably) you would need to get the person at 
some point to agree to be bound by the actions of the agent.  Once that 
happens, the agent can bind without further human participation.

 > >I'm no lawyer, but it is hard to understand how a message which no
 > >human will ever see could be considered binding on the people who
 > >operate the
 > company.
 >
 > Actually, the federal E-Sign Act (enacted in 2000) provides
 > that a contract
 > may not be denied legal effect because it was created by one or more
 > electronic agents (computer programs designed to act
 > independently without
 > contemporaneous human participation).

The point is not whether or not a "contract" can be in electronic form (I
agree this is possible) but whether two people can enter into a contract
when only one of them is aware of its existence.  The answer, I think, is
no.

Your argument, if I understand it correctly, is that a mail server can enter
into legal agreements on its owner's behalf without his prior knowledge.
This seems... problematic.

-J


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From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>
Reply-To: asrg@ietf.org
Organization: Vorteon, LLC
To: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>, asrg@ietf.org (IRTF Anti-Spam Research Group)
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Per domain blacklists
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Thanks for catching me up.  I am new to the list.  Hopefully I don't retread 
too much.  Parts of this are re-hash.  The ideas I think are "new" are in 
points 3 and 4.

1.  As you mentioned, more of a theoretical concern.  This isn't a security 
system per se.

2.  DNS blacklists only prevent forging from domains that have it configured, 
so those that "legitimately" forge email headers may continue to do so as 
long as their domain's administrator allows it either by not configuring DNS 
or by whitelisting *.  At its worst, whitelisting the entire internet is the 
same as what we have today.  At its best, whitelisting only those servers 
that send mail from your domain, it is a significant improvement.

Travelers should use other solutions such as reply-to headers, VPN 
connections, SMTP after POP or SMTP authentication with their home servers.

Although I do feel that allowing just anyone to forge headers because it is 
convenient is very bad form.  

3.  Mail users should be seeing this information.  Some already do see it via 
the "on behalf of" message and "SENDER" or "X-SENDER" headers.  In my mail 
server I have exposed the envelope from and envelope to addresses and found 
it quite useful in rulemaking and the like.

In my mail server I add special warnings to messages sent with "must deliver" 
rules.  It wouldn't stop the message from being delivered but it would make 
it more difficult to use SMTP frailties to impersonate users or the various 
kinds of fraud as seen in spam messages.

4.  The check on the "from" header should be optional and/or non-fatal and and 
a "from" header that differs from the "mail from" envelope sender should be 
noted and visible to the user.

I believe that with my additions that no user would see reduced functionality 
except for those that want to send messages with a return address of a domain 
they are not in charge of.  

My biggest concerns are with the rampant fraudulent headers that are out 
there.  If a company is mailing from their own domain name at least they are 
taking a minimum amount of responsibility and if you don't like it you can 
block mail from their domain.

On Monday 17 March 2003 11:25 pm, wayne wrote:
> In <200303171753.59571@grx> David Walker <antispam@grax.com> writes:
> > My scheme for improving smtp and reducing abusive spams that contain fake
> > headers basically amounts to a per domain blacklist implemented in DNS.
>
> Variations of these two solutions have been discussed extensively on
> this mailing list.
>
> See:
>
> https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00001.htm
>l RMX records
> (Yes, this was the very first message to this mailing list)
>
> https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00048.htm
>l domain specific DNS blacklists (or whitelists)
>
> https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00686.htm
>l pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)
>
>
> Summary:
>
> 1) DNS currently has certain security flaws that allow people to spoof
>    it and therefore let spammers get around these systems.
>
>    IMHO, this is more of a theoretical concern that a practical one.
>    Spammers haven't used these security flaws to spoof other DNSBLs,
>    and that would be a much bigger payoff for them.
>
> 2) Many people, especially those that travel a lot, like to be able to
>    "forge" email headers and such so that they can send email from
>    anywhere and make it look like it is coming from their home system.
>
>    IMHO, there are better solutions to this kind of problem, such as
>    SMTP AUTH or SMTP TLS, but there are a lot of people out there that
>    are "forging" email for legitimate reasons.
>
> 3) Checking the SMTP HELO and MAIL FROM domain information is only
>    mildly useful.  End users generally don't see this envelope
>    information, and spammers can simply switch to RFC "MUST" deliver
>    domains such as the local host or <>.
>
> 4) Checking the mail from: header would break a lot of things like
>    mailing lists.
>
>
> I think that per domain blacklists can be very easily implemented, as
> I demonstrated in the third post I mentioned above.  I am not,
> however, convince that it would hinder spammers more than it would
> hinder legitimate email users.
>
>
> -wayne


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The E-Sign Act is U.S. federal law, so it applies to the United States.  But 
there are also laws in other countries that may be relevant.  For example, 
the European Union has issued a directive on electronic signatures, and at 
least some of the member states have implemented it.  I don't know what 
they've all done about electronic agents, but as the law in this area 
evolves, it likely to me that many if not most countries will allow 
electronic agents to form binding contracts as long as at some point in the 
process the person to be bound has agreed to let the agent bind him or her.

 > Actually, the federal E-Sign Act (enacted in 2000) provides that a 
contract
 > may not be denied legal effect because it was created by one or more
 > electronic agents (computer programs designed to act independently 
without
 > contemporaneous human participation).
 >

Nice. To which countries does this act apply to?

Do both the sender and recipient have to be covered by
that act?

What if one part the of communcation is in a different legislation?

Hadmut
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Per domain blacklists 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 18 Mar 2003 01:08:30 CST."
             <200303180108.30075@grx> 
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--==_Exmh_-1179637950P
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On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 01:08:30 CST, David Walker <antispam@grax.com>  said:

> 4.  The check on the "from" header should be optional and/or non-fatal and an
d 
> a "from" header that differs from the "mail from" envelope sender should be 
> noted and visible to the user.

Note well - this "check" will trip for *EVERY SINGLE* posting from a properly
configured mailing list (as the From: will be either the list or the person
who posted to the list, but 'mail from' will point at the bounce-collection
address like it's supposed to)

For that matter, this message left my laptop with mismatched From:
and MAIL FROM.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam 
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On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 01:46:53 EST, Kee Hinckley said:
> At 11:18 PM -0500 3/17/03, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:
> >And how much do said certs prove?  What verification does QuickCert do to
> >make sure that they're issuing a cert to an actually identified user?
> 
> Basically they seem to do a credit check and make sure that the whois 
> and contact information matches the organization information.  I 
> assume Phillip could address that more completely.

How proof is the system against identity theft?  There's 50M .coms, a
large portion of them are probably vanity domains - JoeRandom.com,
the Whois probably gives enough info to start, if you can score an SSN
to match, you could probably get a cert.  Might even be able to
do it without the SSN.

I admit ignorance of this stuff - does the $100-and-under segment at
least involve a phone callback or snail-mail exchange (both of which go
a long way to nailing down physical location and all that).  If I have to
answer the phone at the number listed in the 'whois' for the domain,
that raises the stakes a lot, because there's a lot more paper trail
then (telcos and real estate rental offices both dislike people who
skip out.. ;)

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam 
In-reply-to: Your message of Mon, 17 Mar 2003 23:12:07 -0600.
             <5.1.0.14.0.20030317231031.00b396d0@mail.SoftHome.net> 
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In message <5.1.0.14.0.20030317231031.00b396d0@mail.SoftHome.net>, 
meor@mail.SoftHome.net wrote:

>
>>... after which the mose astute portion of the spammer community figures
>>out that they will increase their odds of delivery dramatically, simply
>>by sending out their spams with the forged envelope sender address of
>><news@cnn.com>.
>
>No, you are wrong.  Digital signatures are used to assert 
>identity.  Digital signatures are verifiable and unforgable.

Hint:  CNN does not use digital signatures to identify any of its
outgoing mail at the present time.

Unless you have a plan to change that, your scheme isn't worth the
electrons it is written on.
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From: "John Rumpelein" <jmr@jmrtech.com>
To: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>, "'Kee Hinckley'" <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam 
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 00:46:46 -0800
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Valdis,

[CA issued SSL certs]
> How proof is the system against identity theft?  There's 50M 
> .coms, a large portion of them are probably vanity domains - 
> JoeRandom.com, the Whois probably gives enough info to start, 
> if you can score an SSN to match, you could probably get a 
> cert.  Might even be able to do it without the SSN.

Certificates are generally not issued to individuals, and I am not sure what
kind of hoops you have to jump through to do that.  I have only done it for
corporations, and I can tell you what is involved there.

The biggest requirement is paperwork on the establishment of the corp. as a
legal entity -- generally the Certificate of Incorporation issued by the
state that the corp. is set up in.  Second you need to have an agreement
signed by an authorized person at the company (these, granted, could be
faked, but now you're committing fraud) saying that they are requesting an
SSL cert on behalf of the company.  Third, of course, is the actual payment,
which creates a paper trail of its own.

I'm not saying this is a perfect solution.  There are some companies out
there that would go through all this and then spam people anyway.  But at
least then we'd know exactly who they were and where to find them.  

-J

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 08:55:13 +0000

> On Mon, Mar 17, 2003 at 12:06:10PM -0700, Art Pollard wrote:
> > 
> > One thing that would probably go a long way for many of the state
> anti-spam
> > laws would be a way that one could give public notice that the people
> at a
> > company / organization / ISP do or do not want spam.
> 
> 
> This is only good if such a flag contains some entropy, 
> i.e. there are some flags set to "I want" and some to "I don't want".
> 
> Do you really believe that anyone would set the flag to 
> "I want spam"?
> 

Strangely, I get occasional complaints from my users saying things like
"Why aren't you sending me free offers etc."

Also, end users may not trust the classification (spam/not spam) made at
some upstream point and therefore may choose to publish a "wide-open"
consent.

> 
> And I really don't believe that a significant number of spam
> senders will care about such a flag.
> 

No, probably not, but the suggestion was that this would support
legislation, which seems reasonable.






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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 09:10:26 +0000

> On Mon, Mar 17, 2003 at 06:30:33PM -0500, Doug Phillips wrote:
> > 
> > Actually, the federal E-Sign Act (enacted in 2000) provides that a
> contract
 
> 
> Nice. To which countries does this act apply to?
> 
> Do both the sender and recipient have to be covered by
> that act?
> 
> What if one part the of communcation is in a different legislation?
> 

If that different legislation is Spain, it's probably covered by 
articles 1262 of the Civil Code and 54 of the Commercial Code
(but I am not a Spanish lawyer). Anyone know what's the status of this
issue in the EU generally? WTO? GATT?




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Chuq,

> To me, it has to be national legislation to be useful, for that very 
> reason: the chance of both you and the spammer being in washington 
> jurisdiction is tiny, and even if you get washington small claims to 
> issue a judgement, collection is problematic.

*Identification* is often problematic.  How do you identify the individual
responsible for sending you a piece of spam?  This is a non-trivial problem.
What happens when the person is in China?  Do we ("we" meaning Americans)
really want to try to subject the rest of the world to US laws?
Sidestepping the issue of whether we can ethically and legally do that (note
the furor the DMCA arrest of a Russian caused), I would argue we shouldn't
even bother trying, because it is going to be ineffective.

The idea of battling spam by criminalizing it seems a little bit to me like
leaving all your doors and windows open and trying to prosecute everyone who
steals things out of your house.  Sure, you might catch them all.  (I doubt
it, but OK.)  You might even get your stuff back.  But you're going to spend
all your time doing that, when surely you have better things to do.  Why not
lock the doors and windows?  We can do this by requiring strict
authentication.

-J

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Subject: [Asrg] Taxonomy of anti-spam systems version 2
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 04:10:50 -0500

After more thought and feeedback from some people on the list, here is a
second draft of the taxonomy of anti-spam systems. 

The systems are classified into prevention, deterrence, and reaction
approaches.


1.	Spam Prevention Approaches - These systems aim to prevent the spread
of spam messages. There are fail-open and fail-closed systems. Fail-open
systems aim to detect unwanted messages; just as in intrusion detection,
there are signature-based and anomaly detection-based schemes. I've marked
them below as either [SB] or [AD]. Another useful view would be whether
systems are implemented at the ingress vs. egress and MTA vs. MUA.

a)	Fail-Open (determine unwanted messages)
	i)	Human determination
		(1)	Collaborative filtering (i.e., razor) [SB]
	ii)	System Determination
		(1)	Who is it from? (Blacklists) [SB]
			(a)	Blacklists
			(b)	Reputation systems
		(2)	What's in it? (Content Filtering)
			(a)	Static lists [SB]	
			(b)	Learning methods [AD]
		(3)	How was it sent?
			(a)	Forged info? [AD] (i.e. reverse DNS, domain
lookup, verify email address 				on calling server,
verify message on sending server, reverse MX record)
			(b)	Envelope characteristics; delivery path
information [SB/AD]
			(c)	Quantity? [AD] (i.e. DCC)
 
b)	Fail-Closed (determine wanted messages)
	i)	Whitelists
		(1)	Basic	
		(2)	Verified
			(a)	Authenticated sender identity
			(b)	Token supported
			(c)	Disposable email addresses		
	ii)	Challenge/Response systems
		(1)	Basic
		(2)	Human verification (i.e. turing tests)
	iii)	Consent Tokens (a priori consent)
		(1)	Proof-of-work (i.e. hashcash)
		(2)	Stamps
		(3)	Payment upon misbehavior 
			(a)	Confirmed payment (i.e. Bonded Sender,
Trusted Sender)
			(b)	Pursue payment (i.e.Habeas)
	iv)	Don't receive messages, just notification (i.e. IM2000)	



2)	Spam Deterrence Approaches - These systems aim to deter spamming
activities. In most areas of life, deterrence is achieved by introducing the
ability to identify and track wrongdoers. These systems can provide input to
spam prevention systems. Also, these systems are useful with the presence of
laws to prosecute the wrongdoers that are identified and tracked.

	a)	Authentication
	b)	Tracking	
	c)	Non-repudiation

3)	Spam Reaction Approaches - These are the different approaches that
can be taken upon receipt of a spam message. 

	a)	Accept
	b)	Quarantine
	c)	Reject
	d)	Drop
	e)	Label
	f)	Charge
	g)	Challenge
	h)	Limit Rate
		i)	Ingress
		ii)	Egress
	i)	Feedback
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Date: 18 Mar 2003 06:58:37 -0600

In <200303180741.h2I7ftqD005065@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu writes:

> On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 01:08:30 CST, David Walker <antispam@grax.com>  said:
> 
> > 4.  The check on the "from" header should be optional and/or non-fatal and
> 
> Note well - this "check" will trip for *EVERY SINGLE* posting from a properly
> configured mailing list

Right.  my point 4) was about the problems with mailing lists.  As
David said, this checking should be optional and/or non-fatal.  If you
are going to use this kind of system, it is very important to identify
mailing lists and deal with them correctly.


-wayne

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 08:52:04 -0500

At 10:50 PM -0800 3/17/03, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
>On Monday, March 17, 2003, at 08:12  PM, John Rumpelein wrote:
>
>>I live in Washington State, where we have already passed the legislation you
>>propose.  I can tell you, unfortunately, that I don't receive any less spam
>>than you do.  We can theoretically pursue lawsuits against spammers in small
>>claims court to the tune of $500 per offense, but I have not heard of one
>>single spammer (not one) who has actually been forced to pay under this law.
>
>it's a problem of jurisdiction. Washington is simply too small.

Actually one of the speakers at the MIT Spam Conference described 
someone who actually did take half a dozen spammers to court on the 
basis of one of the state laws (either Washington's or one like it). 
The results sounded pretty similar to the big suits.  If you could 
get them to court, you could find them guilty.  If you found them 
guilty, they might have the money to pay.  And when you were done you 
found that the return on your time was not worth the effort.

The problem with spamming is not that there is no legal recourse. 
There is.  The courts have held that spamming is equivalent to 
trespassing--it's an unauthorized use of your equipment.  (Can anyone 
site a case in which the spammer won?)  The legal problem is that the 
penalties are not great enough to make suits worthwhile.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 07:23:09 -0700 (MST)

> From: John Johnson <jjohn@mail.sirinet.net>


> > Presume that all email traffic is encrypted and you can't read the
> > content ...
>
>   Am I to also assume the recipient has no means to decrypt it?
>   I have seen obfuscated spam, but I have never seen encrypted
>   spam.

If your SMTP server offers to do STARTTLS, then even if you and a
few spammers don't have any certs or CAs in common, you could
receive encrypted spam and never notice unless you look closely
at logs or headers.  I think I have.


Perhaps this is a quibble of definitions, but perhaps not.  Both
STARTTLS and PGP or S/MIME involve encryption.  It is not clear to
me that which sort was intended by the other people.

>   But I do get your point. Any fix of the situation should be
>   flexible enough to handle situations outside of simple
>   content matches. I was just pointing out that content matches
>   of a human nature generate the complaints. To try to divorce
> ...

That is another example of why we need definitions as much or more
than taxonomy and before talk of solutions.  Some people define
"content filtering" (or "matching") as looking for bad words.
Others would have it cover fairly simple checksums of SMTP bodies
like Vipul's Razor.  Still others limit it reading and understanding.

I need to go back and re-read Pual's new taxonomy, but I think it
suffers from this problem.  It's hard for me to see because I think
I agree with most of his definitions and he has not used many
the sloppy words.  It's only uses that make no sense with your
own definitions that stand out.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 12:17:59 +0000
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One thing the anti-virus people got right is the ability to test 
anti-virus engines by passing through a non-viral file that is by 
de-facto detected as a virus by the vendors engines. This file is 
called EICAR, and is a simple .COM executable that does nothing but 
trigger AV engines.

In order to provide something similar for spam content filters, I 
created something similar for spam. We put support for this into the 
SpamAssassin project and notified some other creators of spam content 
filters. Unfortunately they all ignored us.

I think this would be a good thing to support in content filters.

We called this thing "GTUBE" (Generic Test for UBE), and you can find 
the email that should be stopped at 
http://spamassassin.planetmirror.com/dist/t/data/spam/gtube.eml (note 
the headers are abitrary - it is the long string in the body of the 
message that should be detected).

The email is designed in such a way that it should not be munged by any 
gateways.

I urge other vendors of anti-spam content filters to support this. It's 
trivial, but it gives users the power to test that their filter is 
working.

I also think this would be something worth standardising through the 
IETF.

Matt.

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From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
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On Tuesday, Mar 18, 2003, at 09:16 Europe/London, John Rumpelein wrote:

> The idea of battling spam by criminalizing it seems a little bit to me 
> like
> leaving all your doors and windows open and trying to prosecute 
> everyone who
> steals things out of your house.  Sure, you might catch them all.  (I 
> doubt
> it, but OK.)  You might even get your stuff back.  But you're going to 
> spend
> all your time doing that, when surely you have better things to do.  
> Why not
> lock the doors and windows?  We can do this by requiring strict
> authentication.

Every legal restriction requires a technical solution too - breaking 
into houses is illegal, but you don't leave your windows and doors 
open. But you wouldn't want them to make it *legal* to break into 
houses. The law is there as a deterrent, not as a perfect means of 
stopping the crime.

Criminalising spam would have the effect of stopping the mainsleaze 
spammers, while giving you an extra weapon in your battle against the 
underground spammers. It would by no means stop spam, but then neither 
do any of the current workable solutions either.

Matt.

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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:16:46 -0500

I agree with Kee.  The prospective recovery from suits against spammers is 
not high enough to make suits worthwhile--not only because the penalties are 
too low, but also because many individual spammers are judgment proof.  In 
my view, this is why it would be helpful to have laws that could be enforced 
against vendors of software that circumvents anti-spam technology.


----Original Message Follows----
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
To: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>
CC: "John Rumpelein" <jmr@jmrtech.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 08:52:04 -0500

At 10:50 PM -0800 3/17/03, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
>On Monday, March 17, 2003, at 08:12  PM, John Rumpelein wrote:
>
>>I live in Washington State, where we have already passed the legislation 
>>you
>>propose.  I can tell you, unfortunately, that I don't receive any less 
>>spam
>>than you do.  We can theoretically pursue lawsuits against spammers in 
>>small
>>claims court to the tune of $500 per offense, but I have not heard of one
>>single spammer (not one) who has actually been forced to pay under this 
>>law.
>
>it's a problem of jurisdiction. Washington is simply too small.

Actually one of the speakers at the MIT Spam Conference described someone 
who actually did take half a dozen spammers to court on the basis of one of 
the state laws (either Washington's or one like it). The results sounded 
pretty similar to the big suits.  If you could get them to court, you could 
find them guilty.  If you found them guilty, they might have the money to 
pay.  And when you were done you found that the return on your time was not 
worth the effort.

The problem with spamming is not that there is no legal recourse. There is.  
The courts have held that spamming is equivalent to trespassing--it's an 
unauthorized use of your equipment.  (Can anyone site a case in which the 
spammer won?)  The legal problem is that the penalties are not great enough 
to make suits worthwhile.
--
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
From: David Green <green@couchpotato.net>
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On Tue, 2003-03-18 at 04:16, John Rumpelein wrote:
> *Identification* is often problematic.  How do you identify the individua=
l
> responsible for sending you a piece of spam?  This is a non-trivial probl=
em.

If you're not talking about digital signatures, you need only identify
the ISP IMO. The ISP can further sub-identify it's users if it so
chooses, since only it knows who really sent the email.

David Green


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> I live in Washington State, where we have already passed the legislation you
> propose.  I can tell you, unfortunately, that I don't receive any less spam
> than you do.  We can theoretically pursue lawsuits against spammers in small
> claims court to the tune of $500 per offense, but I have not heard of one
> single spammer (not one) who has actually been forced to pay under this law.
> _

I've been studying the various states laws and I believe the reason that the
Washington law looks strong but acts weak is that the spammers that you can find
easily (and serve legally) are not falsifying headers, routers, email
addresses,etc and therefore do not fall afoul of the laws. The ones that do,
can't be found or can't be served.

--
Michael Ellis
Privacy Manager
Date.com
  Phone   (416) 306-0022 ext 620
  Fax     (416) 306-0023

Date.com - "The New Way To Date"



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This is exactly right.  Look at piracy.  Laws alone don't work, but neither 
does copy-protection technology.  The stongest approach to piracy is to back 
up copy-protection technology with anti-circumvention laws.  When it comes 
to spam, the trick, at least under U.S. law, is to make sure the law won't 
be struck down as violating free speech rights.

>Every legal restriction requires a technical solution too - breaking
>into houses is illegal, but you don't leave your windows and doors
>open. But you wouldn't want them to make it *legal* to break into houses. 
>The law is there as a deterrent, not as a perfect means of stopping the 
>crime.

>Criminalising spam would have the effect of stopping the mainsleaze 
> >spammers, while giving you an extra weapon in your battle against the 
>underground spammers. It would by no means stop spam, but then neither do 
>any of the current workable solutions either.

>Matt.


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In my way of thinking we shouldn't be checking the from header using the 
blacklist records.  We should be checking the envelop from and making sure 
that the client displays "'envelope from' on behalf of 'from'" to their 
users. (I think this is already the behavior of Outlook.)

That makes it hard to exploit the system for silent forging but easy to use 
with mailing lists. 

On Tuesday 18 March 2003 01:41 am, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:
> On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 01:08:30 CST, David Walker <antispam@grax.com>  said:
> > 4.  The check on the "from" header should be optional and/or non-fatal
> > and an
>
> d
>
> > a "from" header that differs from the "mail from" envelope sender should
> > be noted and visible to the user.
>
> Note well - this "check" will trip for *EVERY SINGLE* posting from a
> properly configured mailing list (as the From: will be either the list or
> the person who posted to the list, but 'mail from' will point at the
> bounce-collection address like it's supposed to)
>
> For that matter, this message left my laptop with mismatched From:
> and MAIL FROM.

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I posted this to the namedroppers list 1-Jun-2002. It describes a method
of ensuring that only the owner of a domain can authorize the use of
that domain for email purposes, without restricting those who do not
wish to comply. This is the first step in authenticating email without
the use of digital signatures.

June 1, 2002




                   Domain-Authorized SMTP Mail


Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) David N. Green (2002).  All Rights Reserved.


Abstract

   This document describes when and how to specify Mail Transmitter (MT)
   resource records (RRs) in the Domain Name System (DNS), how to
   configure SMTP servers to query them effectively, and how to
   configure Mail User Agents (MUAs) to filter based on them.


1. Introduction

   Historically, Internet mail has been plagued by forgeries. This has
   become more problematic as the practice of sending Unsolicited
   Commericial Email (UCE) has gained popularity. The addition of MT
   RRs to DNS will solve the problem of forgery of domain, without
   placing undue burden on any Internet Service Provider. This allows
   the Internet Service Provider to begin the process of prevention
   of forgery of user. The use of MT RRs at any site is RECOMMENDED.

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
   NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",  "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   RFC 2119.


2. Mail Transmitter Resource Records
  =20
   All hosts which are authorized transmitters of mail for a domain,
   including any authorized forwarders, SHOULD be designated as Mail=20
   Transmitters through the use of an MT RR.


3. MT DNS queries and Authorized-By SMTP headers

   SMTP servers SHOULD remove any Authorized-By SMTP headers of
   incoming mail. They MAY be configurable to preserve Authorized-By
   headers on incoming mail from a set of trusted servers.

   SMTP servers SHOULD perform an MT DNS query on the domain of
   the From header. If the incoming mail was sent by a server returned
   in the query, the SMTP server SHOULD attach an Authorized-By
   header to the message, whose value is the hostname of the server
   performing the MT authorization.


4. Mail User Agent handling of Authorized-By headers

   Mail User Agents (MUAs) MAY allow the user to filter incoming
   messages based on the presence of an Authorized-By header.
   MUAs MAY allow the user to further filter authorized messages
   based on the domain of the From header.


5. Security Considerations

   If a user's ISP does not support at least the removal of
   Authorized-By headers as stated in section 3, incoming mail may
   be easily forged.

   Additionally, any host between the sender and recipient, or who
   can otherwise masquerade as the sender, can also masquerade
   as an authorized transmitter for the domain of the sender.


Author's Address

   David N. Green
   563 Bill Rutledge Rd
   Winder, GA 30680 USA

   Phone:   +1-770-868-0754 (w)
            +1-770-868-1572 (h)
   Fax      +1-770-220-1937
   EMail:   green@couchpotato.net



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From: "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Taxonomy of anti-spam systems version 2
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Message: 44
From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
To: "'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 04:10:50 -0500
Subject: [Asrg] Taxonomy of anti-spam systems version 2

> After more thought and feeedback from some people on the list, here is a
> second draft of the taxonomy of anti-spam systems.
>
> The systems are classified into prevention, deterrence, and reaction
> approaches.

I like the idea of getting a good classification, but there are a few things
wrong with this attempt.

I think you've left out an important option in the reaction approaches list.
Why not add
	j)	Try to punish
Without this as a reaction, why bother considering deterrence at all?  It
can have a lot of subheadings - punish finacially (either civil charges like
the Washington State law, or fines at criminal law), punich through
non-financial criminal penalties, maybe punish by damage to reputation,
punish by withdrawing ISP services, and so on.

All your deterrence mechanisms amount to just 1 thing - reliable
identification of the source (it matters little whether you call it
"authentication", "non-repudiation", or "Tracking".  Some spammers don't
mind being identified (most of the big players in IT have spammed, anyone
who is going to blcaklist them is someone they probably don't want to talk
to anyway so they did it identifiably) so it's not a very good deterrent.
Dterrence requires not only being caught, but some effective punishment for
being caught (OK, that punishment can be "damage to reputation" in some
case).

Several of the things represented as "prevention" mechanisms depend on that
source identification: at least blacklists, whitelists, reputation systems
(and don't these last give a fail closed option as well as a fail open
option?) so the things you list as deterrents aren't just dubious
deterrents, they are components of some of the prevention actions. And some
of the preve

Some things listed as prevention are actually deterrence, not prevention:
any payment system, for example, is a deterrent not a prevention (of course
a sufficiently strong deterrent amounts to a prevention).

Some things listed under prevention are actually Spam reactions (and
properly a component of deterrence) rather than prevention: "payment upon
misbehaviour" for example.

Tom Thomson

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam
References: <5.1.0.14.0.20030317130658.00b3bd48@mail.SoftHome.net> <3E756DFD.1090502@americasm01.nt.com> <5.1.0.14.0.20030315210111.00b91c48@mail.SoftHome.net> <5.1.0.14.2.20030316024319.01ceb158@mail.generalprotectionf ault.de> <5.1.0.14.0.20030315171040.00b463f0@mail.SoftHome.net> <5.1.0.14.0.20030316221304.00b4eee8@mail.SoftHome.net> <5.1.0.14.0.20030316235730.00b89ea0@mail.SoftHome.net> <5.1.0.14.0.20030317195349.00b4b9f8@mail.SoftHome.net>
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meor@mail.SoftHome.net wrote:

> The current protocol is just as susceptible to server outages as the 
> proposed would be.

What you have completely failed to realize is that there are far more 
active players in delivering a piece of email than just the servers.
Your proposal forces the user to be "aware" of the state of every single 
router-hop and piece of wire along the way.  Router crashes in backbone? 
  Users can't even hit "SEND" for _any_ email that would traverse that 
router, either side.

Certainly, that's at first glance "no worse than web".  I fail to see 
how decreasing the reliability of email to the same (not that good) 
level as the web does anyone any good.

What you're also completely failing to see is that server administrators 
don't _want_ to expose their mailbox servers to the Internet. That's 
where all the email sits, right?  All your email ripe for plucking by 
hackers. That's why there are gateways and firewalls.

You couldn't email to sites behind gateways.  You couldn't email to 
sites with intermittent connectivity (either by design or accident). 
Senders would have to take evasive action if the link went down in the 
middle of transmission.  Etc.  Trying to send to two people whose 
server's connectivity was intermittent exactly out of sync?  Impossible.

We're trying to build things that isolate the user from the low-level 
behaviour of the Internet, not the opposite.

Requiring end-to-end instant (especially reverse) connectivity is 
totally impractical in a one-to-many transmission scheme - which is what 
email is - unlike web (except in the rare and unusual case of webcasting).

And finally, as described before, trying to do any sort of centralized 
logging or filtering becomes impossible, unless you want to make your 
routers SMTP-aware - which is a gross violation of the layering 
principle inherent in any well-designed and built networking stack. 
They're flakey enough as it is :-(

Your "fix" would break many of the desirable (and in some circumstances 
_critical_) characteristics of email that we rely on.

It really is a total non-starter.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SMTP & NNTP ?
References: <20030318041058.GA4538@danisch.de>
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Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> Just a simple question: Are we bound to focus
> on e-mail/SMTP transport or do we cover 
> News/NNTP as well?

I would strongly recommend that we avoid News/NNTP issues. The dynamics 
and issues are considerably different, and News/NNTP spam generally is 
already under reasonable control.  From a practical standpoint, 
News/NNTP spamming is less of a problem than it was in the mid-late 
90's.  The IETF is far less interested in fiddling around with a 
protocol that is mature and declining in relative importance.

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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 11:28:55 -0500
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Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> Another question:

> In most legislations, you can conclude a legally binding 
> contract only after you reached full age. 

In many jurisdictions, the parents of the child become legally liable 
for contracts made by the child (where the type of contract is 
explicitly permitted for children, or the other party acted in good faith).

> Such a solution (w|c)ould not cover spam sent from youngsters.

You cannot make anywhere near this strong a blanket statement.

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John Rumpelein wrote:
> Doug,
> 
> 
>>>I'm no lawyer, but it is hard to understand how a message which no 
>>>human will ever see could be considered binding on the people who 
>>>operate the
>>
>>company.
>>
>>Actually, the federal E-Sign Act (enacted in 2000) provides 
>>that a contract 
>>may not be denied legal effect because it was created by one or more 
>>electronic agents (computer programs designed to act 
>>independently without 
>>contemporaneous human participation).
> 
> 
> The point is not whether or not a "contract" can be in electronic form (I
> agree this is possible) but whether two people can enter into a contract
> when only one of them is aware of its existence.  The answer, I think, is
> no.

No, only insofar as the "contract" not being an official recognized 
standard with requirements for compliance and methods for interrogating it.

If the standards evolve to make asking and answering the question 
feasible in an automated fashion, then laws can evolve to make 
compliance mandatory.

And remember as well, law is already evolving to recognize that 
"spamming" is universally frowned upon, and that "senders of spam" can 
no longer evade responsibility by saying "I never read the recipient 
server's AUP".

[See Verizon vs. Ralsky, and comments at the MIT spam forum from the 
lawyer who does spam cases.]

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>One thing that would probably go a long way for many of the state anti-spam 
>laws would be a way that one could give public notice that the people at a 
>company / organization / ISP do or do not want spam.  The use of the file 
>as a "public notice" file would go a long way towards allowing people to 
>collect via the courts.

Yes indeed.  Didn't anyone read the message about NO UCE banners that
I posted here a couple of days ago?  They're already well defined and
at least two states have put them or are thinking about putting them
into anti-spam laws.


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John Johnson wrote:
> 
>>The problem with spam is not the content, but the conversation.
> 
> 
>   No, I disagree. I perceive the content to be spam, much
>   in thw way tools like SpamAssasin and Vipul's Razor judge
>   the *content* in an automated fashion. Or, an ISP
>   client. They could care less about the "envelope".
>   They care that the content is objectionable.

SpamAssassin and Vipul's Razor don't work that way at all.

SpamAssassin works by scoring messages based upon how "spammy" a message 
looks.  Not "content" per-se, but more along the lines of "things that 
look like spammer behaviour" (ie: fingerprints of extreme hard sell 
behaviour mostly unique to spammers, forged headers, fingerprints in 
envelopes, appearance in blacklists (if feature turned on) etc.).

Vipul's Razor, on the other hand, works more along the ways of "this is 
extremely similar to what we've previously judged as being spam" - this 
is more of an identification of the sender and his pitch, not the pitch 
"instance" itself (because a different sender would be using a different 
pitch).

In neither case are they trying to intuit what the content _is_, but 
rather an approximation of either "this looks like spammer tricks" or 
"we've seen this one before" respectively.

While SpamAssassin can be forced into looking for generic "types" of 
content, that's not its intent or default configuration.

Spamming is a behaviour, not a content.  As an extreme example, a 
"consumer" of porn could very well be quite happy to receive _solicited_ 
advertisements from a porn site, but be quite adamant about refusing 
unsolicited ones.

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Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:43:38 EST, David Green <green@couchpotato.net>  said:

>    SMTP servers SHOULD remove any Authorized-By SMTP headers of
>    incoming mail. They MAY be configurable to preserve Authorized-By
>    headers on incoming mail from a set of trusted servers.

This goes against a long-standing design principle that SMTP servers should
NOT be screwing around with the contents of the headers other than to add
a Received: tag.

That 'MAY be configurable' is a bug.  See below.

There's no hint of what an Authorized-By: header would look like.

What defense(s) does this protocol have against DNS cache poisoning?

Note that a large domain may have many MT records.  This will cause a dropback
to TCP if the DNS reply exceeds 512 bytes.  Take a look at the games that
AOL uses with round-robin on their MX listings so they can have
24 IP addresses listed and still get it to fit in a UDP packet (basically,
they have 4 advertised MX names that round-robin, and they only return
a set of 6 IP addresses for 1 or 2 of the MX's in the 'additional info'.
Hotmail does similar things.  And forcing a drop-back to TCP is *expensive*.
Figure out what's the minimum number of RTT's (including the 3-packet handshake
and FIN processing) needed to deliver a piece of mail, both with and without
SMTP PIPELINE.  Then add an RTT for a UDP lookup - and then figure out how
many MORE you add if that fails and DNS over TCP is needed....

What domain do you do the query on?  You can't just blindly go 2 levels,
as that will piss the admins of 'co.uk' off quite thoroughly.  You may
have to go 3 levels in the US - we have departmental mail servers that
you'd have to look under some-dept.vt.edu to find an MT for, since they're
only "authorized" to send mail for their department... oh, and for vt.edu
because that's what many people put on their From:.

You *DID* know that RFC822 and RFC2822 allow a From: to be a *LIST* of
addresses, right?  See section A.2 of RFC822 for several examples with
different semantics.

>    SMTP servers SHOULD perform an MT DNS query on the domain of
>    the From header. If the incoming mail was sent by a server returned
>    in the query, the SMTP server SHOULD attach an Authorized-By
>    header to the message, whose value is the hostname of the server
>    performing the MT authorization.

Combined with the above, you're left with only the last hop information.

Let's say the mail starts at a Unix workstation, which sends it to a mail
hub.  The Auth-By: now lists the workstation.  The hub tries to send it to
your server, fails, and sends it to your off-site backup MX service.
The MX nukes the previous AUth-by, and adds one pointing to the originating
mail hub.  Your server comes up, the mail starts arriving.

If you don't implement the 'MAY preserve' for mail coming from your MX,
then bad things happen:

1) You remove the Auth-by.
2) You look up the MT RR.
3) Your MX is certainly NOT listed in the MT.

Game Over.

Note that it's *quite* possible for mail to trickle through 3 or 4 MX servers
if there's a widespread net-burp.

>    Mail User Agents (MUAs) MAY allow the user to filter incoming
>    messages based on the presence of an Authorized-By header.

What would be *most* useful here is the *original* value of the Auth-by:
header, which almost certainly got wiped out by some host due to the first
part of section 3.




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I believe there are a number of us interested in this type of solution but for 
it to work we would have to distill the ideas together.  

Checking the from header has serious implications with mailing lists and I 
proposed that we do not check the from header but check the envelope from and 
require that MUAs expose the envelope from in the form of "from 'envelope 
from' on behalf of 'from header'"

https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg01533.html

wayne wrote:
See:

https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00001.html
RMX records
(Yes, this was the very first message to this mailing list)

https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00048.html
domain specific DNS blacklists (or whitelists)

https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00686.html
pros and cons of RMX (Re: [Asrg] Declaration to the world)


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Doug Phillips wrote:
> I agree with Kee.  The prospective recovery from suits against spammers 
> is not high enough to make suits worthwhile--not only because the 
> penalties are too low, but also because many individual spammers are 
> judgment proof.

Remember to distinguish between civil and criminal proceedings.  Few 
spammers are "judgement proof" against incarceration.

In some cases, rather than inventing new laws or other "entirely new" 
procedures, just moving the bar a bit can be helpful.

Ie: as state-specific anti-spam legislation isn't all that helpful, a 
national one helps to shift the balance and make critical mass in 
dealing with specific spammers easier to achieve.

This is not a fight with a "single solution", but needs moving forward 
on many different fronts - some technical, some socio-legal.

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On Tue, 2003-03-18 at 11:33, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:
> On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:43:38 EST, David Green <green@couchpotato.net>  sa=
id:
>=20
> >    SMTP servers SHOULD remove any Authorized-By SMTP headers of
> >    incoming mail. They MAY be configurable to preserve Authorized-By
> >    headers on incoming mail from a set of trusted servers.
>=20
> This goes against a long-standing design principle that SMTP servers shou=
ld
> NOT be screwing around with the contents of the headers other than to add
> a Received: tag.

The fact that they add a Received tag means that modifying headers is
not against their design.

> There's no hint of what an Authorized-By: header would look like.

Authorized-By: FQDN goes here

> What defense(s) does this protocol have against DNS cache poisoning?

If DNS is broken, that needs to be addressed separately.

> What domain do you do the query on?  You can't just blindly go 2 levels,
> as that will piss the admins of 'co.uk' off quite thoroughly.  You may
> have to go 3 levels in the US - we have departmental mail servers that
> you'd have to look under some-dept.vt.edu to find an MT for, since they'r=
e
> only "authorized" to send mail for their department... oh, and for vt.edu
> because that's what many people put on their From:.

If the email is From: foo@bar.baz.biz.buz.co.uk, you would query the MT
for "bar.baz.biz.buz.co.uk". You would never drop any parts of the name.

> >    SMTP servers SHOULD perform an MT DNS query on the domain of
> >    the From header. If the incoming mail was sent by a server returned
> >    in the query, the SMTP server SHOULD attach an Authorized-By
> >    header to the message, whose value is the hostname of the server
> >    performing the MT authorization.
>=20
> Combined with the above, you're left with only the last hop information.

That is all that matters. It will be up to your POP/IMAP server's SMTP
implementation to do the final checking, even if that checking simply
involves trusting another SMTP server.

> Let's say the mail starts at a Unix workstation, which sends it to a mail
> hub.  The Auth-By: now lists the workstation.  The hub tries to send it t=
o
> your server, fails, and sends it to your off-site backup MX service.
> The MX nukes the previous AUth-by, and adds one pointing to the originati=
ng
> mail hub.  Your server comes up, the mail starts arriving.

Authorized-By would not list the workstation, as MUAs would not be
configured to add this header. If it did, the hub would remove it. The
only reason the MUA would be sending to the hub at all is if the MUA is
associated with that hub or if the hub is an open relay. Assuming the
prior, the hub must be a registered MT for the sender's domain, or it's
not compliant. The hub sends it to your server, fails, sends it to your
off-site backup MX service. The MX nukes any previous Authorized-By
header, checks an MT for the hub, finds one, and adds its own
Authorized-By header. Your server comes up, your MUA pops the mail, and
there's the Authorized-By header.

> Note that it's *quite* possible for mail to trickle through 3 or 4 MX ser=
vers
> if there's a widespread net-burp.

Every MX either sends to a server that trusts it (a relay), or to the
recipient's MX. The only restriction here is that the MX that initiates
the final hop to the recipient's MX must be listed as an MT for the
sender's domain.

> >    Mail User Agents (MUAs) MAY allow the user to filter incoming
> >    messages based on the presence of an Authorized-By header.
>=20
> What would be *most* useful here is the *original* value of the Auth-by:
> header, which almost certainly got wiped out by some host due to the firs=
t
> part of section 3.

Why? You couldn't trust it anyway. Just like Received lines.

David Green

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Doug Phillips <gr8rdane@hotmail.com>
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 08:40:56 -0800

On Tue, Mar 18, 2003 at 02:11:59AM -0500, Doug Phillips wrote:
> The E-Sign Act is U.S. federal law, so it applies to the United
> States.  

I know. This was a rhetorical question.



> But there are also laws in other countries that may be relevant.

That's what I wanted to say. 




> For 
> example, the European Union has issued a directive on electronic 
> signatures, and at least some of the member states have implemented
> it. 

Yes, Germany was one of the first countries having a local 
law about digital signatures. Such a SMTP declaration as it was
discussed over here would not be compatible with that law.

But if you bother to use electronic signatures to sign a 
contract about the recipients mail acceptance policy, 
wouldn't it be much easier to simply sign the message itself
and don't need to worry which laws apply to contracts?

This sounds like solving a medium size problem by creating
a huge one.


Hadmut



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Taxonomy of anti-spam systems version 2
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Tom Thomson wrote:
> Message: 44
> From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>

>>After more thought and feeedback from some people on the list, here is a
>>second draft of the taxonomy of anti-spam systems.

>>The systems are classified into prevention, deterrence, and reaction
>>approaches.

> I like the idea of getting a good classification, but there are a few things
> wrong with this attempt.

> I think you've left out an important option in the reaction approaches list.
> Why not add
> 	j)	Try to punish

I agree partially, but for a different reason.  The taxonomy _should_ 
include socio-legal techniques -

	a) to recognize that some laws do exist
	b) provide a basis for the ASRG to hang discussions on laws -
	   while it's outside of our direct purview, some of the
	   practises we may end up recommending will _require_ legal
	   teeth to be effective.

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On Tue, 2003-03-18 at 11:38, David Walker wrote:
> Checking the from header has serious implications with mailing lists and =
I=20
> proposed that we do not check the from header but check the envelope from=
 and=20
> require that MUAs expose the envelope from in the form of "from 'envelope=
=20
> from' on behalf of 'from header'"

Or the From: could be changed to the mailing list address and an
Originally-From: header could be added.

David Green

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Taxonomy of anti-spam systems version 2
To: "Paul Judge"  <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
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> After more thought and feeedback from some people on the list, here is a
> second draft of the taxonomy of anti-spam systems. 
> 
> 
> The systems are classified into prevention, deterrence, and reaction
> approaches.

I wonder if it might be useful to separately attempt a classification of
message classification systems? Something like this (way incomplete):

1  Transport
    1.1 Source IP
    1.2 Rate
    1.3 Envelope (MAIL FROM)
    1.4 Bounce ratios
    1.5 ...

2. Content
    2.1 Header consideration
    2.2 Body consideration
    2.3 Composite content analysis 
    2.4 ...
    
3. Context
    3.1 Challenge/Response
    3.2 Consent Tokens
    3.3 ...

It might be convenient to describe anti-spam systems in terms of
the message classifications they employ, as well as the other
considerations you identify. Such a classification would be useful
in your taxonomy and elsewhere.

Maybe?




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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 13:07:11 -0400

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

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Hi,

I'm new to this list, and certainly not as well versed in the technical =
aspects of the SPAM problem as those whose posts I've read seem to be, =
which brings me to my question,   It seems rather easy for me to use =
filters in Outlook Express to filter a great deal of this trash, which =
makes me wonder if it isn't just as easy to do at the Mail Server.  =
Could my ISP filter as much of this junk as I now do, and if so isn't =
putting pressure on our ISP's a good place to start. =20

A couple of other questions that I am sure could be answered by someone. =
 It seems to me that a lot of SPAMMERS forge return addresses.  For =
instance a message might say that it comes from *spammer@yahoo.com* and =
when I contact *abuse@yahoo.com* I usually get a return message that =
indicates the SPAMMERS didn't actually send the message using Yahoo.  =
This makes me wonder is it possible, at the mail server level to check =
and see if a return address is forged?

Also I have been using a program called Mail Washer, which I like a lot. =
 Recently they sent me a message that alerted me to a new subscription =
service they are offering.  It seemed to indicate that it would use the =
resources of everyone who subscribes to gather a database of SPAMMERS.  =
When one arrives at my mail box I bounce it in the normal way, and that =
bounced message is examined, and if it is determined to be SPAM it will =
be added to a database, and I won't see mail from them again.  Clearly =
this list is populated by persons who know a lot more about this than I =
do, and I wonder if anyone has any thoughts on Mail Washer in general.

ian
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Diso-8859-1">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1106" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Hi,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>I'm new to this list, and certainly not =
as well=20
versed in the technical aspects of the SPAM problem as those whose posts =
I've=20
read seem to be, which brings me to my question,&nbsp;&nbsp; It seems =
rather=20
easy for me to use filters in Outlook Express to filter a great deal of =
this=20
trash, which makes me wonder if it isn't just as easy to do at the Mail=20
Server.&nbsp; Could my ISP filter as much of this junk as I now do, and =
if so=20
isn't putting pressure on our ISP's a good place to start.&nbsp; =
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>A couple of other questions that I am =
sure could be=20
answered by someone.&nbsp; It seems to me that a lot of SPAMMERS forge =
return=20
addresses.&nbsp; For instance a message might say that it comes from <A=20
href=3D"mailto:*spammer@yahoo.com">*spammer@yahoo.com</A>* and when I =
contact <A=20
href=3D"mailto:*abuse@yahoo.com">*abuse@yahoo.com</A>* I usually get a =
return=20
message that indicates the SPAMMERS didn't actually send the message =
using=20
Yahoo.&nbsp; This makes me wonder is it possible, at the mail server =
level to=20
check and see if a return address is forged?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Also I have been using a program called =
Mail=20
Washer, which I like a lot.&nbsp; Recently they sent me a message that =
alerted=20
me to a new subscription service they are offering.&nbsp; It seemed to =
indicate=20
that it would use the resources of everyone who subscribes to gather a =
database=20
of SPAMMERS.&nbsp; When one arrives at my mail box I bounce it in the =
normal=20
way, and that bounced message is examined, and if it is determined to be =
SPAM it=20
will be added to a database, and I won't see mail from them again.&nbsp; =
Clearly=20
this list is populated by persons who know a lot more about this than I =
do, and=20
I wonder if anyone has any thoughts on Mail Washer in =
general.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>ian</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From: "Dave Lampert" <dlampert_c640993e_b876_4465_bf0e_964d0c4b0a35@homeai.com>
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 12:19:01 -0500
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Here's a solution that, together with many other solutions, may reduce the
economical value of spam to the spammers.

PATENT NOTICE (My lawyers made me do it!): This solution is part of a
patent-pending technology ("Prioritized communication") available upon
request by emailing
<mailto:dlampert_5c280fdc_0833_4499_9907_247141f16aed@homeai.com>. We intend
to make this technology widely available through numerous vendors under paid
license as per http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt sections 10.3.2 and
10.3.3, so I'd like to see this addressed in the ASRG recommendation for
standards.

In short, this doesn't block spam, but rather relegates it (and other
unsolicited email) to a low or zero priority (you pick it up when YOU want
to). Email from people you know have a higher priority rating. You get to
rate each person and the system issues them a unique contact email address
(usually a base name plus a GUID like the one listed above) just for them.
The system makes it easy to manage these and easy for your friend to update
his/her address book. If the unique address falls into the wrong hands and
spam begins, you can lower the rating on it, and possibly issue a new unique
address to the friend (if he/she is STILL your friend!).

The technology goes well beyond this, such as computing the product of the
importance of the email (the "importance" tag as set by the sender) and the
rating of the sender by the recipient, and using this to rank priority of
all messages (including non-email messages such as IM chat, voice mail,
etc.). You only get lower priority messages when you're good and ready for
them, but still get extremely urgent messages even when you're sitting in a
movie theatre.

I've browsed through the boards and found two different, but related
threads:

[Asrg] Random thought (Jason Hihn)
https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg01252.html

[Asrg] Peer to Peer MTA network (Claus Färber)
https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00826.html

Please tell me if there are other related threads that I've missed.

This system is well developed already but not yet commercially available. I
look forward to all our your feedback on how this will fit into the
anti-spam mission.

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From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>
Reply-To: asrg@ietf.org
Organization: Vorteon, LLC
To: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu, David Green <green@couchpotato.net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Domain-Authorized SMTP Mail
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References: <1048002218.8984.53.camel@david.couchpotato.net> <200303181633.h2IGXNis004737@turing-police.cc.vt.edu>
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 11:25:50 -0600
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Your DNS request/reply need only contain the MT/RMX/MS record of the IP 
address that is connected to your mail server.  You should not need to 
transfer all MT/RMX/MS records.

On Tuesday 18 March 2003 10:33 am, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:
> Note that a large domain may have many MT records.  This will cause a
> dropback to TCP if the DNS reply exceeds 512 bytes.  
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Doug Phillips <gr8rdane@hotmail.com>
Cc: jmr@jmrtech.com, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 09:25:54 -0800

On Tue, Mar 18, 2003 at 02:03:16AM -0500, Doug Phillips wrote:
> I wasn't making an argument, just pointing out that (contrary to what was 
> stated in the prior post) U.S. federal law specifically states that a 
> message is not prevented from being considered binding just because no 
> human ever sees it.

Under german law, a message can't be binding if it has not been
sent and received by both a 'person'. Law distinguishes between
'natural' persons (=humans) and 'juristical' persons (=companies, 
associations, etc.) which also involves a human. Machines can't
have contracts under german law.

Hadmut
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Ronald F. Guilmette" <rfg@monkeys.com> 
   of "Mon, 17 Mar 2003 20:00:46 PST." <16768.1047960046@monkeys.com> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 09:30:09 -0800


Ronald F. Guilmette said:
> >The mail host sees that news@cnn.com has been added to the white list and 
> >allows mail to be sent without computation time...
> 
> ... after which the mose astute portion of the spammer community figures
> out that they will increase their odds of delivery dramatically, simply
> by sending out their spams with the forged envelope sender address of
> <news@cnn.com>.

Yep.   This is exactly what's happened with some default whitelists, such
as the Amazon.com one distributed in early versions of SpamAssassin; the
concept was that spammers would be unlikely to fake the sender as
<something@amazon.com>, since they're a big, well-funded, litigious
company, and there's a legal precedent for such a co suing a spammer (ie
flowers.com).

I was wrong, it turned out.  Spammers had *no* problem faking their From
addresses that way, and we've seen lots of examples.  I don't think
Amazon have taken any cases either :(

The other anti-whitelisting technique spammers use, is to fake your
address as both From and To, on the basis that you usually appear
in your own whitelist.  This is quite reliable, it seems.

> >Keep in mind, as covered in the overview, white lists do not exclude people 
> >from sending mail to an end user, but rather slows the ability to rapidly 
> >send mail to unknown persons.
> 
> Except for the trusted ones... or anybody masquerading as trusted one.

Yep. And solve the masquerading problem, as has been said before here, and
you're halfway there anyway.

--j.
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From: johnl@iecc.com (John R. Levine)
Newsgroups: iecc.lists.asrg
Subject: Re: certs aren't the answer, was [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam
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Date: 18 Mar 2003 11:36:29 -0500

>> It is already more or less required that organizations buy a CA-issued SSL
>> cert to operate a web site dealing in credit card transactions.
>
>Now, is that *legally* required, or is that simply the guys at Visa and
>Mastercard saying "We won't clear transactions for you unless you...."  
>
>I believe it to be the latter.

Neither, it's the defacto implementation of web servers that accept
credit card orders, mostly to enrich cert vendors.  As someone else
pointed out, it defends against card numbers being intercepted in
transit which is not a significant risk compared to bad guys breaking
into databases at the merchant and stealing all the numbers, or
phishers putting up fake sites with certs that correctly identify the
fake site and collecting credit card info directly from suckers.

Someone else asked how hard it is to get an SSL cert.  It used to be a
pain in the neck requiring notarized letters and faxed copies of
business licenses and the like, but it's not any more.  The last cert
I got required only that the WHOIS domain contact click through a "was
that really you?" challenge, and we all know how utterly valid WHOIS
info is.  The wholesale price is now about $69/yr which isn't enormous
but I'm not eager to pay yet another nuisance fee for faux security.
(I brought up POP and IMAP servers yesterday with SSL certs and all of
my MUAs moan and groan about the self-signed certs.  Phooey.)

It's certainly worth thinking about ways to make it easier to check
that mail is coming from a valid source, along the lines of Habeas or
Trusted Sender, but it's implausible to come up with a mail system
that would be forgery-proof and still be usable to communicate with an
interestingly large set of other people.  If you want a closed system
that only communicates with people whose PGP keys are on your keyring,
you can have that now.  But I don't know many people who'd want that.

-- 
John R. Levine, IECC, POB 727, Trumansburg NY 14886 +1 607 387 6869
johnl@iecc.com, Village Trustee and Sewer Commissioner, http://iecc.com/johnl, 
Member, Provisional board, Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial E-mail
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
Message-ID: <20030318174151.GC8713@danisch.de>
References: <5.1.0.14.2.20030317114856.03bf2538@mail.lextek.com> <20030318042916.GA4823@danisch.de> <3E774947.9070001@americasm01.nt.com>
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 09:41:51 -0800

On Tue, Mar 18, 2003 at 11:28:55AM -0500, Chris Lewis wrote:
> 
> In many jurisdictions, the parents of the child become legally liable 
> for contracts made by the child (where the type of contract is 
> explicitly permitted for children, or the other party acted in good
> faith).


No. At least in Germany (and as far as I am informed in most
european countries) a contract made by children is just 
not valid (unless explicitely confirmed by parents or by
a judge). Parents cannot be liable for a non-valid contract.

Parents can be held liable for any harm caused by children,
but that's a completely different thing.


> >Such a solution (w|c)ould not cover spam sent from youngsters.
> 
> You cannot make anywhere near this strong a blanket statement.

Sure I can. 

In Germany, children under age of 14 cannot be prosecuted. 
Some of them commit crime in knowledge of their immunity.
This could be abused for sending spam. There are hackers
under the age of 14, so why shouldn't there be spammers as well?

Hadmut
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
Cc: "'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Taxonomy of anti-spam systems version 2
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 09:34:28 -0800

On Tue, Mar 18, 2003 at 04:10:50AM -0500, Paul Judge wrote:
> 
> a)	Fail-Open (determine unwanted messages)
> 	i)	Human determination
> 		(1)	Collaborative filtering (i.e., razor) [SB]
> 	ii)	System Determination


Sorry, but I still don't agree with that hierarchie.

I don't think that Fail-Open/Fail-Close is a suitable criterion
of such a high level. That's just a low level property, not
a taxonomy criterion.

The taxonomy should distinguish methods by what they do and 
in what way they do not, not what happens if they fail.

This and the question of human/system determination are
properties of the particular implementation, not of the method
in principle. Therefore they should be kept out of the main taxonomy
hierarchie.

We should care about the main principles, not implementation details.

Hadmut


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From: "Doug Phillips" <gr8rdane@hotmail.com>
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 12:42:04 -0500

The law will need to evolve, just as Internet architecture needs to evolve.  
Ideally the evolution of the two would be somewhat coordinated.


----Original Message Follows----
From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Doug Phillips <gr8rdane@hotmail.com>
CC: jmr@jmrtech.com, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 09:25:54 -0800

On Tue, Mar 18, 2003 at 02:03:16AM -0500, Doug Phillips wrote:
 > I wasn't making an argument, just pointing out that (contrary to what was
 > stated in the prior post) U.S. federal law specifically states that a
 > message is not prevented from being considered binding just because no
 > human ever sees it.

Under german law, a message can't be binding if it has not been
sent and received by both a 'person'. Law distinguishes between
'natural' persons (=humans) and 'juristical' persons (=companies,
associations, etc.) which also involves a human. Machines can't
have contracts under german law.

Hadmut


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 07:52:57 -0800 (PST)

How about criminal charges for spammers (after somebody won civil 
suite) with pentaly being that judge orders that spammer may not use 
computer or have anything to do with advertising business for set period 
of time?

On Tue, 18 Mar 2003, Doug Phillips wrote:

> I agree with Kee.  The prospective recovery from suits against spammers is 
> not high enough to make suits worthwhile--not only because the penalties are 
> too low, but also because many individual spammers are judgment proof.  In 
> my view, this is why it would be helpful to have laws that could be enforced 
> against vendors of software that circumvents anti-spam technology.
> 
> 
> ----Original Message Follows----
> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
> To: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>
> CC: "John Rumpelein" <jmr@jmrtech.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
> Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 08:52:04 -0500
> 
> At 10:50 PM -0800 3/17/03, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
> >On Monday, March 17, 2003, at 08:12  PM, John Rumpelein wrote:
> >
> >>I live in Washington State, where we have already passed the legislation 
> >>you
> >>propose.  I can tell you, unfortunately, that I don't receive any less 
> >>spam
> >>than you do.  We can theoretically pursue lawsuits against spammers in 
> >>small
> >>claims court to the tune of $500 per offense, but I have not heard of one
> >>single spammer (not one) who has actually been forced to pay under this 
> >>law.
> >
> >it's a problem of jurisdiction. Washington is simply too small.
> 
> Actually one of the speakers at the MIT Spam Conference described someone 
> who actually did take half a dozen spammers to court on the basis of one of 
> the state laws (either Washington's or one like it). The results sounded 
> pretty similar to the big suits.  If you could get them to court, you could 
> find them guilty.  If you found them guilty, they might have the money to 
> pay.  And when you were done you found that the return on your time was not 
> worth the effort.
> 
> The problem with spamming is not that there is no legal recourse. There is.  
> The courts have held that spamming is equivalent to trespassing--it's an 
> unauthorized use of your equipment.  (Can anyone site a case in which the 
> spammer won?)  The legal problem is that the penalties are not great enough 
> to make suits worthwhile.
> --
> Kee Hinckley
> http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
> http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society
> 
> I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
> responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
> everyone else's.
> _______________________________________________
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> 
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 07:57:35 -0800 (PST)

So the best way to resolve this is to make it hard/impossible for spamemrs 
to deliver email if they are falsifying headers. Then we end up with spamemrs
that have to buy service directly from ISP and get ip block listed (under 
their name) in whois and have correct name in whois server, etc. So we 
know who spammer is, where they are and can black-list the block or 
domain (they will get a new one - I know...) and laws can take care of 
closing their business at some future time.

On Tue, 18 Mar 2003, Michael Ellis wrote:

> > I live in Washington State, where we have already passed the legislation you
> > propose.  I can tell you, unfortunately, that I don't receive any less spam
> > than you do.  We can theoretically pursue lawsuits against spammers in small
> > claims court to the tune of $500 per offense, but I have not heard of one
> > single spammer (not one) who has actually been forced to pay under this law.
> > _
> 
> I've been studying the various states laws and I believe the reason that the
> Washington law looks strong but acts weak is that the spammers that you can find
> easily (and serve legally) are not falsifying headers, routers, email
> addresses,etc and therefore do not fall afoul of the laws. The ones that do,
> can't be found or can't be served.
> 
> --
> Michael Ellis
> Privacy Manager
> Date.com
>   Phone   (416) 306-0022 ext 620
>   Fax     (416) 306-0023
> 
> Date.com - "The New Way To Date"
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> 

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Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> On Tue, Mar 18, 2003 at 11:28:55AM -0500, Chris Lewis wrote:

>>>Such a solution (w|c)ould not cover spam sent from youngsters.

>>You cannot make anywhere near this strong a blanket statement.

> Sure I can. 

> In Germany, children under age of 14 cannot be prosecuted.

That's Germany.  The law in the US and Canada is different.  Different 
age limits, different caveats and exceptions.  Like I said, you can't 
make that strong a blanket statement.

As for "prosecution".  Well, certainly, a 4 year old can't be 
"prosecuted for murder" either, but they could certainly be put in state 
care or otherwise stopped from doing it again.  [I won't go into the 
minimum age for capital punishment in the US other than to say it's been 
less than 14.]

Ie: what if a child of 8 years old was "caught" spamming pornography 
ads?  Don't suggest that the law has no recourse - the child may well be 
taken into custody by "Children's Aid"/"Foster care" (or local 
equivalent), or the courts may refuse to accept the child is doing it on 
their own, and promptly charge the person who talked the child into 
doing it.

You can't use "the computer did it, not me" as a defence.  You can't use 
"the 14 month old pushed the enter key" defence either.

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To: Margie Arbon <margie@mail-abuse.org>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:00:48 -0800

At 05:33 PM 3/17/2003 -0800, you wrote:
>--On Monday, March 17, 2003 4:38 PM -0800 Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com> 
>wrote:
>
>>At 04:54 PM 3/14/2003 -0500, Jason Hihn wrote:
>>>IANAL, but the Supreme Court has ruled that we have the right to be left
>>>alone.
>>
>>Unfortunately, it is not a "right" and I don't think they ever did.  The 
>>quote you are referring
>>to was from SC judge Louis Brandeis' minority opinion in Olmstead v. 
>>United States (1928), a
>>wiretap case.
>
>Try the ruling in:
>ROWAN v. U. S. POST OFFICE DEPT. , 397 U.S. 728 (1970)397 U.S. 728
>
>"We therefore categorically reject the argument that a vendor has a right 
>under the Constitution or otherwise to send unwanted material into the 
>home of another. If this prohibition operates to impede the flow of even 
>valid ideas, the answer is that no one has a right to press even 'good' 
>ideas on an unwilling recipient. That we are often 'captives' outside the 
>sanctuary of the home and subject to objectionable speech and other sound 
>does not mean we must be captives everywhere. See Public Utilities Comm. 
>of District of Columbia v. Pollak, 343 U.S. 451 (1952). The asserted right 
>of a mailer, we repeat, stops at the outer boundary of every person's domain."
>
>as delivered by Chief Justice Burger.
>
>it's closer, but seems to speak to the limitations and lack of certain 
>"rights" of the sender or speaker rather than the affirmative granting or 
>acknowledgement of the "rights" of the recipient or listener...but IANAL 
>either.

Right on the money.  We all get 4th Class adverts in our postal boxes but 
few seem to complain even though we are forced to spend a few valuable 
seconds of our time each day dealing with it.  How is this markedly 
different, financially, from email spam?  Following along the apparent line 
of reasoning of the above decision no commercial entity would be able to 
contact me w/o prior authorization, and we know this will never become the 
law of the land.  Because many spammers may not be repeat offenders to the 
same party, opt-out systems won't work.  Opt-in might but who's laws will 
prevail in enforcing them.

I'm dead center in the sender-pays camp, Proof-of_work initially and 
anonymous bearer stamps later.  Its the same tried and true system that 
limits the spam in my postal box to a small amount, almost all from 
credible parties.  It doesn't require major changes to the email 
infrastructure, though clients would need to be enhanced (web-based email 
could add this almost immediately, plug-ins may suffice for some, like 
Eudora), nor new legislation.  Initial users may find they become less 
"reachable" to casual contacts, but that should only last a short while if 
sender-pays becomes popular.

steve

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>> To me, it has to be national legislation to be useful, for that very
>> reason: the chance of both you and the spammer being in washington
>> jurisdiction is tiny, and even if you get washington small claims to
>> issue a judgement, collection is problematic.
>
> *Identification* is often problematic.  How do you identify the 
> individual
> responsible for sending you a piece of spam?  This is a non-trivial 
> problem.

Yes, it is. How do you identify the person kiting checks? stealing cars?

> What happens when the person is in China?  Do we ("we" meaning 
> Americans)
> really want to try to subject the rest of the world to US laws?

Maybe nothing, in the first phase. We have to start somewhere.

I keep getting the impression people are looking for a silver bullet 
here. If one existed, it'd be found by now. A common thing I'm seeing 
is that every time someone suggests something, the reasons why it's not 
a *complete* solution show up.

I sort of feel we're trying to implement a software project here 
without subroutines....

split it into less complex pieces, start solving one piece of it, and 
then work on the next. Laws in the US don't solve chinese spam -- but 
they help us start solving US-based spam, and give us a piece in the 
puzzle to help convince the Chinese to follow suit in solving their 
spam problem, and eventually everyone coming together with an 
international agreement on how do deal with these issues.

My model on that is copyright -- each country has it's own laws on 
copyright. There is no "one" copyright law. But most countries are also 
signatory to the Berne convention, which sets standards for what those 
copyright laws ought to do. That's a model I think is useful in a case 
like this: start getting the legislation model down and approved, get 
it working in specific jurisdictions, and move it into an international 
venue over time.

> The idea of battling spam by criminalizing it seems a little bit to me 
> like
> leaving all your doors and windows open and trying to prosecute 
> everyone who
> steals things out of your house.

Nope. you don't expect criminalization to stop the need for locks on 
the windows. you expect criminalization to deter some people from 
choosing to enter your house without your permission, and to give you 
the ability, if they choose to do so, to make sure they're unable to do 
it to someone else again later for a while. Again, this sounds like 
(and I'm sorry if I misinterpret your attitude) we're only allowed ONE 
approach. I see no problem with having locks AND policemen. In fact, I 
see no way to solve this problem without locks and policemen and lots 
of other services and tools, too. But we can only 
define/build/test/evaluate stuff independently of all of the other 
stuff. The bigger and more complex the system, the harder it'll be to 
build, make work, get people to buy into and use, and keep from being 
circumvented. So I'm all for lots of smaller tools and techniques, each 
focussing on one part of the larger equation, hopefully with lots of 
overlap so we don't have as many cracks to slip through.


> But you're going to spend
> all your time doing that, when surely you have better things to do.

nope. Just some time. focussing on better authentication is needed, 
too, plus I think finding ways to help us define stuff we *don't* need 
to look at (bonded whitelisting of commercial vendors, for instance, or 
techniques like Habeas) also helps simplify the problem.

Maybe it's old-fashioned of me, but I'm a hacker who sees a big, 
complex problem, and breaks it down into a bunch of smaller, less 
complex problems, and then works my way through each one until I come 
out the other end. I see a situation like this as needing a similar 
approach, but I keep getting the feeling we're looking for a One True 
Solution, and anything that doesn't meet that criteria gets lost in the 
noise a bit.


-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/


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On Tuesday, March 18, 2003, at 02:58  AM, Matt Sergeant wrote:

> Criminalising spam would have the effect of stopping the mainsleaze 
> spammers, while giving you an extra weapon in your battle against the 
> underground spammers.

Also, now that I think about it, depending on HOW you criminalize it, 
it might give us a stick to hit ISPs that sell bandwidth to them while 
saying "it's just business". Because depending on how it's 
criminalized, it might be possible to then look at those ISPs as 
accessories or in conspiracy to commit, which would toss some criminal 
liability their way, too. Dealing with spammers as trespassers just 
won't cut it there.


-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/


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From: "Paul Tenny" <pwtenny@earthlink.net>
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Subject: [Asrg] Banners, logic gates, system control.
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If some of you are considering solutions to this problem already, consider
this theoretical situation:

Take a single message, it's content would be classified as spam by a
majority opinion. Send this message through your proposed system and see if
it would be flagged, diverted or otherwise stopped completely. If your
system manages to correctly handle this message, have the person that
received it forward the message back through the system to another
recipient. Now ask yourself, would it be stopped again?

This problem brings into question not only the content of a message but also
the will of the user who sent it. A person might have a very good reason for
sending content marked as bad through the system, such as this discussion
list. What if this list has a spam filter on it, and I forward a spam to
this list as part of the discussion? Best case scenario this list is
moderated and a human has to look at it, in which case why do we need
filters at all? Worst case a filter consigns it to the bit bucket and it's
back to square one.

This defines an inherent weakness in all content filtering systems; they
simply cannot make the judgements that we require because they aren't us.
Sure you can keep tinkering with them until the end of time until they are
99.9% effective, but after 100 million are sent you're still letting 900,000
seep through.

On SMTP Banners:
I like these, but ultimately they're a tool of the willing only. The only
person who is going to respect an "at your discretion" rule will be people
who aren't causing problems in the first place. As far as SMTP goes, it's
probably good for SMTP. I personally don't believe duct-taping SMTP will
ever solve this problem.

Ultimately the only way to control an open system (SMTP) is to close it. To
stop a message from going someplace that you don't want it to go, you need a
gatekeeper. Machines are great logic devices, however determining whether
the content is spam is not a logical function, it's entirely opinionated, at
which machines are not so good. If you want an automated system to decide
what goes in and what goes out, you need to have a logic gate.

The gate is a condition (which is up in the air). It can be simple or
complex.

Based on identity:
Does address SNDR have permission to contact address RECIP?
Does address SNDR have permission to contact * on network RECIP_NET?

Based on content:
Does address RECIP allow message type COMMERICIAL?
Does network RECIP_NET allow message type COMMERCIAL?

Pick one, pick them all, it really depends on the system itself which will
watch the gate (and also where the "Gate" is located on the network). The
system best suited for this model is a Central Authority which keeps
information about what kind of content you want to receive, and optionally
who is allowed to send it to you (if that's a positive logic). It also could
optionally be a transit for the message itself, or you could employ a public
network of transits.

The above system would not have the same problem as the banners because the
SNDR does not have the option to listen to the rules. The login gate
literally makes the decision and either lets the message continue, or stops
it. It's not practical to propagate your preferences to every mail server on
the Internet; this would be best served either by placing the gatekeeper at
the ISP, or run by a central authority that is tasked with operating a very
crucial piece of the Internets infrastructure (e.g. the ROOT Name Servers).

This would probably require an authentication system (e.g. Domain Registrars
require knowing who you are before you can get a domain). It's not
impossible, it's simply saying that the mail system as it stands now cannot
be controlled by the commons *alone*, much as the snail-mail system probably
would collapse without a central governing authority.

The upswing would be you'd have a single point of contact no matter what ISP
you use or where you are, and anyone using the system would be identifiable
if they abuse it because the Central Authority would require you to be
identifiable in order to use it. Anyone who wants to be anonymous could
always fallback to standard SMTP, assuming a person on the receiving end
chooses to still receive via SMTP.

The latter part of this message is purely speculation and personal opinion,
but I truly believe you can't place a couple million road bumps on the
Internet and hope you can slow down most of the speeders.

Paul Tenny - pwtenny@earthlink.net
HTTP/1.0 404 Objekt nicht gefunden

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far 
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In message <p06000b18ba9cd3beed6a@[192.168.1.104]>, 
Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:

>The problem with spamming is not that there is no legal recourse. 
>There is.  The courts have held that spamming is equivalent to 
>trespassing--it's an unauthorized use of your equipment...

That is not entirely a completely accurate description of what has
been ruled on.

Courts have held that spamming is equivalent to trespassing WHEN
AND IF you have already sent the spammer in question an explicit
request to stop spamming you and/or your server(s) and/or your
domain(s) and WHEN AND IF the spammers has then igored that re-
quest, and continued to spam you.

(Of course, what this degenerates into, in practice, is a kind of
``opt out'' system.  The only good news here is that you may, via
such formal ``cease and desist'' notices, opt-out entire domains...
which is more than any spammer is normally willing to let you do.)

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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On Tuesday, March 18, 2003, at 07:57  AM, william@elan.net wrote:

> So the best way to resolve this is to make it hard/impossible for 
> spamemrs
> to deliver email if they are falsifying headers.

True. But a big problem here are open relays.And a big problem there 
are installations with ancient, buggy, unpatched software -- lots of 
open relays are boxes still running Sendmail 8.9 or older, for instance.

Given you can't get these sites to update that software now, how do we 
fix this without their cooperation?

One way, frankly, would be to make a decision to no longer accept email 
from sites running these ancient versions of the software, a variation 
of the current black holes. Might not be a bad thing  to consider: it's 
easier than a relay check, and sites could then sign up and simply say 
"we won't accept email from broken sites any longer".

any other ideas?


-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/


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To: Jon Kyme <jrk@merseymail.com>
CC: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Taxonomy of anti-spam systems version 2
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Jon Kyme wrote:

> I wonder if it might be useful to separately attempt a classification of
> message classification systems? Something like this (way incomplete):

It would be very helpful to have a parallel taxonomy based on different 
criteria, like the one you've described.  In the _same_ document.

No need for a taxonomy document to be limited to only _one_ set of 
keying criteria.

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From: "Dave Lampert" <dlampert_c640993e_b876_4465_bf0e_964d0c4b0a35@homeai.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Gray list: rating of associates
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The priority ratings per sender (i.e. Jane) are privately accessibly only to
the recipient (i.e. Ian). Ian can change his rating of Jane, but neither
Jane nor anyone else can see or edit those ratings. Ian does this at a
private web site of the ISP/ASP.

It is true that if someone guesses the GUID, they may be able to hop onboard
someone else's high ratings. Yes, GUIDs are somewhat guessable, since they
are algorithmic based on net ID and other information, but it's unlikely a
spammer would go to that trouble. This method does also support certificate
tagging within the email header, but that hasn't been implemented yet
(besides, that would require a change to the email client).

The most likely way of hacking this is to sniff a non-encrypted email and
then spoof it, but again, we try to use networks that are NOT sniffable by
just anyone!

Did I miss something? How else would a hacker/cracker do this?

-----Original Message-----
From: matthew richards [mailto:matt@larkinam.com]
Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 12:38 PM
To: Dave Lampert
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Gray list: rating of associates


what would prevent a spammer from reverse engineering the
prioritization system and then making hack emails that pretend to be
high priority from friends?

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
Message-ID: <20030318182420.GB10179@danisch.de>
References: <5.1.0.14.2.20030317114856.03bf2538@mail.lextek.com> <20030318042916.GA4823@danisch.de> <3E774947.9070001@americasm01.nt.com> <20030318174151.GC8713@danisch.de> <3E776029.2070104@americasm01.nt.com>
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:24:20 -0800

On Tue, Mar 18, 2003 at 01:06:33PM -0500, Chris Lewis wrote:
> 
> That's Germany.  The law in the US and Canada is different.

I know. Are we searching for solutions that work in USA and
Canada, or for solutions that work anywhere?





> Ie: what if a child of 8 years old was "caught" spamming pornography 
> ads?  Don't suggest that the law has no recourse - the child may well be 
> taken into custody by "Children's Aid"/"Foster care" (or local 
> equivalent), or the courts may refuse to accept the child is doing it on 
> their own, and promptly charge the person who talked the child into 
> doing it.

The porn example is a little bit harsh. Let's take an example a 
little bit closer to reality. Have a 13 year old boy sending tons 
of spam complaining about his teachers, ads for some shop or whatever.

That child would definitely not taken into any custody, since the
german constitution protects the family. This would be a severe
violation of the child's constitutional rights. And it would be 
disproportional, which also violates german constitution.

I am aware that such things are handled differently in the US.
In european eyes it is absolutely ridiculous how US laws/courts
treat children and youngsters. But that's far off-topic. 

We should be aware that we cannot use anti-spam methods that
depend on the US law or the US way of interpreting human rights.
Anti-Spam methods must work everywhere on the world. So try
to not limit your view on the USA.

Hadmut
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Doug Phillips <gr8rdane@hotmail.com>
Cc: jmr@jmrtech.com, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:16:20 -0800

On Tue, Mar 18, 2003 at 12:42:04PM -0500, Doug Phillips wrote:
> The law will need to evolve, just as Internet architecture needs to
> evolve. 

I agree. But unfortunately, that's far beyond the scope, the
power, and the timeline of such a research group.

Hadmut
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: "Ronald F. Guilmette" <rfg@monkeys.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
Message-ID: <20030318182642.GC10179@danisch.de>
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:26:42 -0800

On Tue, Mar 18, 2003 at 10:10:44AM -0800, Ronald F. Guilmette wrote:
> 
> Courts have held that spamming is equivalent to trespassing WHEN
> AND IF you have already sent the spammer in question an explicit
> request to stop spamming you and/or your server(s) and/or your
> domain(s) and WHEN AND IF the spammers has then igored that re-
> quest, and continued to spam you.
> 

Did the courts say anything about how to perform this request
if the spammer doesn't reveal its identity and uses a fake
sender address?

Hadmut
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:00:48 PST."
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 08:24:10 -0500

Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com> wrote:
> Right on the money.  We all get 4th Class adverts in our postal boxes but 
> few seem to complain even though we are forced to spend a few valuable 
> seconds of our time each day dealing with it.  How is this markedly 
> different, financially, from email spam?

  Email spam has cost me, personally, about $2k out of pocket, and
another $8k in lost time that I can't bill anyone for.

  There is little similarity between email spam and postal spam.

  Alan DeKok.
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william@elan.net wrote:

> How about criminal charges for spammers (after somebody won civil
> suite) with pentaly being that judge orders that spammer may not use
> computer or have anything to do with advertising business for set period
> of time?
>
>

That wouldn't work. Civil charges and criminal charges have to be kept separate in
most legal systems. Winning a civil case is not the same as winning a criminal
case. You would have to separate the two and make spamming a criminal offense
before a judge could set those conditions. (which wouldnt fly anyway most of the
time).

--
Michael Ellis
Privacy Manager
Date.com
  Phone   (416) 306-0022 ext 620
  Fax     (416) 306-0023

Date.com - "The New Way To Date"



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From: Art Pollard <pollarda@lextek.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 11:37:52 -0700


>Under german law, a message can't be binding if it has not been
>sent and received by both a 'person'. Law distinguishes between
>'natural' persons (=humans) and 'juristical' persons (=companies,
>associations, etc.) which also involves a human. Machines can't
>have contracts under german law.

Here in the United States, there are places that things must be posted as a 
"public notice" where they in effect become binding as law.  For example, 
if a piece of land is going to be annexed into another piece of property a 
"public notice" must be given  (generally in the local newspaper) 
announcing the fact so that if anybody has any disputes that they can bring 
them forward.  If they do not act on the "public notice" that was given 
within a certain period of time then they are assumed to have agreed and 
complied with it -- even if they did not see the notice in the paper.

There are all sorts of places where public notices come into effect such as 
No Trespassing signs.  Private property must have no-trespassing signs 
posted every N number of feet in order for people to be able to be 
prosecuted for trespassing if they come on the property.  (They can also be 
prosecuted if you tell them personally or have delivered a letter to them 
etc.)  But the point being is that it is a notice placed in a public place 
that everybody assumes that the trespasser (in this case) saw or should 
have seen.

A public notice such as I described would serve a similar function.  It 
would also give legislators something that they can point to.

As far as jurisdiction is concerned, yes, it would be hard for me to sue 
someone in Germany for spam.  However, those in Germany can sue those in 
Germany that spam and I can easily sue those in the U.S. who spam.  Because 
e-mail addresses are not classified generally by nationality (except for 
domain names that end in a country code) we would benefit for our mutual 
efforts.  People tend to spam the world as a whole rather than by 
country.  Thus if I can't sue someone in Germany for spamming me, I want a 
structure in place where someone else can sue the person in Germany.  As 
long as somebody does it, it will serve as a deterrent for future spammers.

-Art
-- 
Art Pollard
http://www.lextek.com/
Suppliers of High Performance Text Retrieval Engines.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 11:37:30 -0700


>
>On Tue, 18 Mar 2003, Doug Phillips wrote:
>
> > I agree with Kee.  The prospective recovery from suits against spammers is
> > not high enough to make suits worthwhile--not only because the 
> penalties are
> > too low, but also because many individual spammers are judgment proof.  In
> > my view, this is why it would be helpful to have laws that could be 
> enforced
> > against vendors of software that circumvents anti-spam technology.

I disagree.  I believe there is a _ton_ of money out there that somebody 
could make pursuing spammers.

How would it work?  Simple....

Here in Utah, the end user can collect $10 per spam and the ISP another 
$10.  So that is $20 that goes uncollected at this point.  Sure, it isn't 
as much as Washington State's law allows but I believe it is enough to make 
a lot of money.

How would you make money?

The way you make money is to buy the right to collect from the ISP and 
their customers.

So, the ISP receives 1,000 spams from the same spammer.  That is 
potentially $20,000 that is uncollected.  Now, that is worth pursuing.

Here in Utah, you can go to small claims court for values up to 
$5,000.  So, what I believe would be a good way to pursue this is to simply 
take the spammer to small claims court for the maximum value allowed under 
small claims.   Thus the $5,000 could be collected with little or no 
attorney's fees or expenses.  Of course, if you wanted to incur attorney's 
fees then you can go to normal district court and collect more at a time.

If they do not have the money, that is ok. As long as you have a judgement, 
you can put a lein on their house, property and all sorts of nasty things 
so that you will collect in the end.

-Art


-- 
Art Pollard
http://www.lextek.com/
Suppliers of High Performance Text Retrieval Engines.

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar 18 13:47:33 2003
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From: "Doug Phillips" <gr8rdane@hotmail.com>
To: hadmut@danisch.de
Cc: jmr@jmrtech.com, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 13:43:52 -0500

I believe the scope statement indicates that ASRG will pursue legal issues 
related to spam only to the extent they affect, support, or constrain 
anti-spam technology (and not otherwise).  That's as it should be.  This is 
not primarily about law, but if new laws are needed or would be useful to 
back up a technological solution, they should be identified.  A lot of 
legislators would be happy to be able to introduce a bill or at least cast a 
vote against spam.  In the U.S. Congress, there was overwhelming support for 
sharp limits on telemarketing, and I'm sure there are similar feelings about 
spam.

----Original Message Follows----
From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Doug Phillips <gr8rdane@hotmail.com>
CC: jmr@jmrtech.com, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:16:20 -0800

On Tue, Mar 18, 2003 at 12:42:04PM -0500, Doug Phillips wrote:
 > The law will need to evolve, just as Internet architecture needs to
 > evolve.

I agree. But unfortunately, that's far beyond the scope, the
power, and the timeline of such a research group.

Hadmut


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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 14:07:03 -0500

--==_Exmh_-1919158646P
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 11:48:17 EST, David Green said:
> If the email is From: foo@bar.baz.biz.buz.co.uk, you would query the MT
> for "bar.baz.biz.buz.co.uk". You would never drop any parts of the name.

You got it backwards.  If the mail is 'From: valdis@vt.edu', you need to
suck down all 200 or so MT entries in the vt.edu domain and see if my IP
is one of them.

And it's even more borked for mailing lists, because the From: and To:
don't have much to do with what's going on.  The mail server for couchpotato.net
would be looking at this message, and complaining because the ietf.org
mail server isn't an MT for the vt.edu in the From: field.

Oh, and this message is coming to you direct, and a cc: to the list - explain
how your scheme handles each of the copies that are arriving.

If you get it to work for mailing lists, run it again for the case of a
spammer making the spam LOOK like a mailing list posting (hint - they're
usually pretty similar already).

Looking at the MAIL FROM: in the envelope doesn't provide much more joy.

(As an aside to the person who suggested logging the MAIL FROM in the From:
field - did you really WANT it to look like:

From: bugtraq-return-8764-Valdis.Kletnieks=vt.edu@securityfocus.com on behalf of  

From: owner-nolist-LSOFT-030205B*Valdis*-Kletnieks**VT*-EDU@MM.EASE.LSOFT.COM on behalf ov

Yes - imagine that.  Some list management software encodes the destination
address in the envelope so it can identify a bounce even if the bounce is
misformatted, as long as it goes back to the RFC821 MAIL FROM like it's
supposed to.)

> Every MX either sends to a server that trusts it (a relay), or to the
> recipient's MX. The only restriction here is that the MX that initiates
> the final hop to the recipient's MX must be listed as an MT for the
> sender's domain.

OK. So let's say this happens:

joe@non-spam.com sends you mail.  Your server is down.  So he
sends it to mail.mx-are-us.com (your off-site MX service).  mx-are-us
sticks on a Auth-By: header.  Later on, your server comes up.  mx-are-us
sends you the mail.  Now let's say you do the totally legal thing of not
preserving the Auth-By, so you strip it off.  Now you're looking at mail
coming from mx-are-us, with 'From: joe@non-spam.com'.  You look up the
MT list for non-spam.com, and get back 23 entries - and none of them are
mx-are-us.com.  Now what do you do?

The point is you need to tighten up the language about what to do if
accepting relayed mail.  The current language:

> >    SMTP servers SHOULD remove any Authorized-By SMTP headers of
> >    incoming mail. They MAY be configurable to preserve Authorized-By
> >    headers on incoming mail from a set of trusted servers.

is broken.  For it to be workable, you need to make it a 'MUST preserve'
for the case of mail coming from your MX'es.


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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 13:15:03 -0600
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>Hint:  CNN does not use digital signatures to identify any of its
>outgoing mail at the present time.
>
>Unless you have a plan to change that, your scheme isn't worth the
>electrons it is written on.

Actually I did plan on changing that.  In my first message to this list I 
posted a URL to an overview I was proposing.  Here is that URL again 
http://meor.xwarzone.com/overview.htm

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> How would it work?  Simple....
>
> Here in Utah, the end user can collect $10 per spam and the ISP another
> $10.  So that is $20 that goes uncollected at this point.  Sure, it isn't
> as much as Washington State's law allows but I believe it is enough to make
> a lot of money.

Except that Utah's law was just resounding defeated in its first test in court and
the written judgement makes it difficult to ever collect from sleazy spammer and
impossible from a 'honest' (or at least open) one

--
Michael Ellis
Privacy Manager
Date.com
  Phone   (416) 306-0022 ext 620
  Fax     (416) 306-0023

Date.com - "The New Way To Date"



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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 09:36:37 -0800 (PST)

> Given you can't get these sites to update that software now, how do we 
> fix this without their cooperation?

That this problem with outdated software will exist no matter what 
solution is used (unless its designing new protocol). But once some 
solution or protocol extension is widely accepted, receiving mail server 
or end user can use the fact that email is received from outdated system 
as additional filter to determine if its spam or not with outdated email 
server making it say twice more likely that its spam...

But in either case we do need to keep in mind that simpler solutions are 
easier and faster to implement, the question becomes how effective this is.

Also I want to point out that while current RFCs (I believe its RFC822) 
say that email has to be accepted no matter what headers, what are Mail TO 
and FROM are and how it came to the system, this is no longer true in 
practical terms for more then 50% of the email servers. So this particular
part of the RFC is de-facto history... and should not be used for any new 
design or rfc. 

P.S. It would be usefull to actually list all parts of current mail rfcs 
that are puroposely not supported either in implimentation or operation of 
large number or majority of active mail servers.

> One way, frankly, would be to make a decision to no longer accept email 
> from sites running these ancient versions of the software, a variation 
> of the current black holes. Might not be a bad thing  to consider: it's 
> easier than a relay check, and sites could then sign up and simply say 
> "we won't accept email from broken sites any longer".
> 
> any other ideas?
> 
> 

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Michael Ellis wrote:
> 
> william@elan.net wrote:

>>How about criminal charges for spammers (after somebody won civil
>>suite) with pentaly being that judge orders that spammer may not use
>>computer or have anything to do with advertising business for set period
>>of time?

> That wouldn't work. Civil charges and criminal charges have to be kept separate in
> most legal systems. Winning a civil case is not the same as winning a criminal
> case. You would have to separate the two and make spamming a criminal offense
> before a judge could set those conditions. (which wouldnt fly anyway most of the
> time).

On the contrary, if someone loses a civil suit that ends up with an 
injunction against doing the same thing in future, doing it again is 
contempt of court, and is a criminal offense subject to jail time.

Why Sam Khuri didn't get hit with a contempt citation and jailed for 
spamming again is a complete mystery to me.  Well, no it isn't, the 
requisite DA didn't think it worth the effort.

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On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 14:18:19 EST, David Green said:

> The vt.edu domain certainly only has a few authorized outgoing smtp
> relays. I don't think they handle enough mail to justify a server farm
> of 200 servers just for their email.

The question is whether AOL.COM has few enough authorized outbound relays
that it fits in a single 512-byte UDP DNS query.  I know they can't fit
all their inbounds into one packet, so I suspect the outbounds don't either.

> > And it's even more borked for mailing lists, because the From: and To:
> > don't have much to do with what's going on.  The mail server for couchpot=
> ato.net
> > would be looking at this message, and complaining because the ietf.org
> > mail server isn't an MT for the vt.edu in the From: field.
> 
> Thats why the asrg@ietf.org address would have to be used for
> authorization.

Hey, what do you know... asrg@ietf.org isn't in the From: - in fact, if it's
bcc:ed it may not appear in the RFC822 headers *AT ALL*.

> The copy from you to me would be authorized as coming from you. The copy
> from you to the mailing list would be authorized by Majordomo to be
> coming from you.

Majordomo may not be able to authorize it - see my discussion about MX
handling, which also matters in case of firewalls and mail servers in the DMZ.

> When the mailing list resends the message, the message
> would be checked by each recipient's MX as coming from asrg@ietf.org. As
> you see, the From: starts to have real meaning.

> If my MX trusted mail.mx-are-us.com, it would not strip the
> Authorized-By header.

But that's not what your draft said.  It said it *MAY* be configured to
do so.  MAY means its *optional*, not "you have to do it for it to work
the way you expect" - that's what MUST is for.

> > The point is you need to tighten up the language about what to do if
> > accepting relayed mail.  The current language:
> >=20
> > > >    SMTP servers SHOULD remove any Authorized-By SMTP headers of
> > > >    incoming mail. They MAY be configurable to preserve Authorized-By
> > > >    headers on incoming mail from a set of trusted servers.
> >=20
> > is broken.  For it to be workable, you need to make it a 'MUST preserve'
> > for the case of mail coming from your MX'es.
> 
> Your MX's would be trusted servers.

Then fix your MAY.

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Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> On Tue, Mar 18, 2003 at 01:06:33PM -0500, Chris Lewis wrote:
> 
>>That's Germany.  The law in the US and Canada is different.

> I know. Are we searching for solutions that work in USA and
> Canada, or for solutions that work anywhere?

Legislative solutions, as are contracts, are of necessity national 
rather than international in scope. However, that doesn't mean that 
legislative solutions are useless or impossible.  Indeed, a US-centric 
law enacted in the US would be of considerable use because the vast 
majority of spam is US-originated. They can also form a model for other 
countries to adapt or adopt.

>>Ie: what if a child of 8 years old was "caught" spamming pornography 
>>ads?  Don't suggest that the law has no recourse - the child may well be 
>>taken into custody by "Children's Aid"/"Foster care" (or local 
>>equivalent), or the courts may refuse to accept the child is doing it on 
>>their own, and promptly charge the person who talked the child into 
>>doing it.

> The porn example is a little bit harsh. Let's take an example a 
> little bit closer to reality. Have a 13 year old boy sending tons 
> of spam complaining about his teachers, ads for some shop or whatever.

> That child would definitely not taken into any custody, since the
> german constitution protects the family. This would be a severe
> violation of the child's constitutional rights. And it would be 
> disproportional, which also violates german constitution.

I don't think you understand your own laws that well.  German law 
wouldn't just pat the child on the head, and leave them free to repeat 
committing an offense.  The german laws simply make it clear that young 
offenders aren't treated the same way as adults.  Ditto our Young 
Offenders Act.

A child that say, breaks a neighbor's windows may get off the first time 
with a warning and confiscation of "proceeds" instead of being fined or 
incarcerated.  But repeats _will_ result in different reactions, such as 
holding the parents liable for restitution, mandatory counselling, and 
up to taking custody of the child and putting them under foster care.

[At this level, perhaps the primary difference between US law and many 
others is simply that the child will often not get away with the "first 
time", and the age thresholds are lower.]

The German constitution, as does ours, "protects the child". 
"Protecting the child" doesn't mean that the child gets to do anything 
they want to as often as they want.  It just means that the state uses 
gentler persuasion than immediate punitive measures.  Repeated 
violations of the law, or fraud, or harrassment or whatever _do_ get 
handled - through forcing parental responsibility or other things, as it 
becomes necessary.  _That_ is protecting the child - trying to guide 
them away from the bad, and towards the good.  But if that doesn't work, 
the state still has other remedies.

> I am aware that such things are handled differently in the US.
> In european eyes it is absolutely ridiculous how US laws/courts
> treat children and youngsters. But that's far off-topic.

Yes it is.  But you're making a big mistake...

> We should be aware that we cannot use anti-spam methods that
> depend on the US law or the US way of interpreting human rights.
> Anti-Spam methods must work everywhere on the world. So try
> to not limit your view on the USA.

What makes you think my view is US-oriented?  Hint: I'm not American and 
I'm not in the USA.  The YOA is not a US law. The YOA is considered one 
of the most progressive laws on this subject in the world.

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From: "Damien Morton" <dm-temp-310102@nyc.rr.com>
To: "'Steve Schear'" <schear@attbi.com>,
        "'Margie Arbon'" <margie@mail-abuse.org>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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> Right on the money.  We all get 4th Class adverts in our 
> postal boxes but 
> few seem to complain even though we are forced to spend a few 
> valuable 
> seconds of our time each day dealing with it.  How is this markedly 
> different, financially, from email spam?  Following along the 
> apparent line 
> of reasoning of the above decision no commercial entity would 
> be able to 
> contact me w/o prior authorization, and we know this will 
> never become the 
> law of the land.  Because many spammers may not be repeat 
> offenders to the 
> same party, opt-out systems won't work.  Opt-in might but 
> who's laws will 
> prevail in enforcing them.

Actually I tried complainng about 4th class mail. I put a huge notice on
my letterbox that said "3rd class and 4th class mail not accepted". The
mailman ignored it, of course. I now pile up all the junk mail I get on
top of the letterbox, marking it "wrong address" or "not accepted", and
the mailman makes a point of circling "The resident" to prove that it
has in fact been correctly addressed.

> I'm dead center in the sender-pays camp, Proof-of_work initially and 
> anonymous bearer stamps later.  Its the same tried and true 
> system that 
> limits the spam in my postal box to a small amount, almost all from 
> credible parties.  It doesn't require major changes to the email 
> infrastructure, though clients would need to be enhanced 
> (web-based email 
> could add this almost immediately, plug-ins may suffice for 
> some, like 
> Eudora), nor new legislation.  Initial users may find they 
> become less 
> "reachable" to casual contacts, but that should only last a 
> short while if 
> sender-pays becomes popular.

Actually, sender-pays could be implemented at the ISP level. ISPs would
automatically pay for stamps on outgoing mail, and bill it back to the
sender.

Sender-pays also doesn't even have to use stamps. It can be implemented
as a financial arrangement between two mail servers (relays or
otherwise). Mailservers run by entities that trust each other could even
reconcile any handlign fees at the end of the month or even year.

I think it would be important for every receiving server to be able to
set its own charges. These could even be listed in an extended MX
record.

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I have a basic problem with any approaches that mandate being able to
read the contents of an email in order to classify it as spam or not.
Whilst the current mail infrastructure makes it easy for servers to read
the contents of mail, this neednt necessarily always be so. These
systems can also be avoided by various transformations, such as
slice-and-dice tables, misspellings, etc etc. Further, any content
oriented detection systems could easily be repurposed for privacy
invasion purposes.

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References: <1048002218.8984.53.camel@david.couchpotato.net> <200303181633.h2IGXNis004737@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> <1048006097.8984.67.camel@david.couchpotato.net> <200303181907.h2IJ73pT002638@turing-police.cc.vt.edu>            <1048015099.13355.106.camel@david.couchpotato.net> <200303181932.h2IJWEpT003025@turing-police.cc.vt.edu>
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Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:
> On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 14:18:19 EST, David Green said:

>>The vt.edu domain certainly only has a few authorized outgoing smtp
>>relays. I don't think they handle enough mail to justify a server farm
>>of 200 servers just for their email.

> The question is whether AOL.COM has few enough authorized outbound relays
> that it fits in a single 512-byte UDP DNS query.  I know they can't fit
> all their inbounds into one packet, so I suspect the outbounds don't either.

My tools show some providers with whole class C's virtually stuffed with 
"official" mail servers.  MSN/Hotmail is a good example - probably 
considerably more than 250 outbound servers in total (once you include 
all of the MSN/Hotmail mail servers plus all the webmail things that 
send directly) in various class Cs.



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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 14:49:30 -0500
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Damien Morton wrote:
> I have a basic problem with any approaches that mandate being able to
> read the contents of an email in order to classify it as spam or not.
> Whilst the current mail infrastructure makes it easy for servers to read
> the contents of mail, this neednt necessarily always be so. These
> systems can also be avoided by various transformations, such as
> slice-and-dice tables, misspellings, etc etc. Further, any content
> oriented detection systems could easily be repurposed for privacy
> invasion purposes.

A mail server can be easily repurposed for privacy invasion ... just a 
few source code hacks and voila, all of everyone's email.  It's not a 
very good argument.  That's for privacy legislation to deal with, and 
not a reason why content filters (or filters that work with other 
criteria than "content") cannot be used when appropriate consent is 
obtained.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Domain-Authorized SMTP Mail 
In-reply-to: Your message of Tue, 18 Mar 2003 11:33:22 -0500.
             <200303181633.h2IGXNis004737@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> 
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 11:46:29 -0800


In message <200303181633.h2IGXNis004737@turing-police.cc.vt.edu>, 
Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:

>What domain do you do the query on?  You can't just blindly go 2 levels,
>as that will piss the admins of 'co.uk' off quite thoroughly...


If anybody needs it, I have already developed a domain name ``splitter''
that splits any given domain into two parts, i.e.:

    1)	a prefix, and

    2)	a suffix consisting of (a) a domain name label belonging to
	some specific organization followed by (b) a reserved
	(geographically or otherwise) domain name.

Given an FQDN such as x.y.z.international-widgets.co.uk, the splitter
will split that as follows:

	x.y.z   international-widgets.co.uk

C source code is available here:

    ftp://ftp.monkeys.com/pub/dname-tools/c/orgd-1.0.tar.gz
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 11:52:17 -0800


In message <001101c2ed70$e6852240$60cefea9@f4n8i1>, 
"Ian Wilson" <wilson@nbnet.nb.ca> wrote:

> It seems to me that a lot of SPAMMERS forge return addresses.  For =
>instance a message might say that it comes from *spammer@yahoo.com* and =
>when I contact *abuse@yahoo.com* I usually get a return message that =
>indicates the SPAMMERS didn't actually send the message using Yahoo.  =
>This makes me wonder is it possible, at the mail server level to check =
>and see if a return address is forged?

Yes, that's very possible, and I wrote some hacks some time ago which
implemented that exact functionality in the Postfix[tm] mail server.

(The bad news is that I implemented this stuff for an old version of
Postfix, and I declined to update it when the primary Postfix developer
declined to roll the relevant enhancement code into future Postfix
releases.)

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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 11:55:22 -0800

At 02:29 PM 3/18/2003 -0500, Damien Morton wrote:
> > I'm dead center in the sender-pays camp, Proof-of_work initially and
> > anonymous bearer stamps later.  Its the same tried and true
> > system that
> > limits the spam in my postal box to a small amount, almost all from
> > credible parties.  It doesn't require major changes to the email
> > infrastructure, though clients would need to be enhanced
> > (web-based email
> > could add this almost immediately, plug-ins may suffice for
> > some, like
> > Eudora), nor new legislation.  Initial users may find they
> > become less
> > "reachable" to casual contacts, but that should only last a
> > short while if
> > sender-pays becomes popular.
>
>Actually, sender-pays could be implemented at the ISP level. ISPs would
>automatically pay for stamps on outgoing mail, and bill it back to the
>sender.
>
>Sender-pays also doesn't even have to use stamps. It can be implemented
>as a financial arrangement between two mail servers (relays or
>otherwise). Mailservers run by entities that trust each other could even
>reconcile any handlign fees at the end of the month or even year.

How does this work when clients use an open access Wi-Fi link or other 
situations where free and anonymous access is being granted?


>I think it would be important for every receiving server to be able to
>set its own charges. These could even be listed in an extended MX
>record

I think it even more important that each recipient set their own rates.  Is 
a Nobel laureate's email reading time worth the same as a house wife's 
sharing the same ISP?

steve

>.

"War is just a racket ... something that is not what it seems to the 
majority of people. Only a small group knows what its about. It is 
conducted for the benefit of the very few at the expense of the 
masses."  --- Major General Smedley Butler, 1933

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Subject: [Asrg] Amend the RFC to require reverse DNS
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 14:04:23 -0500
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Greetings - One of the most effective anti-spam measures I have taken on my
mail servers is to require the sending mail server's IP address to reverse
resolve to the name it uses in its HELO command.  While this is a violation
of the RFC it eliminates lying machines and forces accountability on the
sending server.  Yes, I know it can be forged or spoofed however it still
significantly raises the level of effort required on the part of the
spammer.  I've had to turn this check off due to customer complaints however
I am reconsidering this decision.  Amending the RFC to *REQUIRE* correct and
complete DNS setup for a SMTP client would go a long way towards reducing my
undesired traffic.  It would also address the customer (and clueless
administrator) complaints with a simple "I am following the rules"  How can
you argue with that?

Regards
Mike

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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far 
In-reply-to: Your message of Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:26:42 -0800.
             <20030318182642.GC10179@danisch.de> 
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 11:57:04 -0800


In message <20030318182642.GC10179@danisch.de>, you wrote:

>On Tue, Mar 18, 2003 at 10:10:44AM -0800, Ronald F. Guilmette wrote:
>> 
>> Courts have held that spamming is equivalent to trespassing WHEN
>> AND IF you have already sent the spammer in question an explicit
>> request to stop spamming you and/or your server(s) and/or your
>> domain(s) and WHEN AND IF the spammers has then igored that re-
>> quest, and continued to spam you.
>> 
>
>Did the courts say anything about how to perform this request
>if the spammer doesn't reveal its identity and uses a fake
>sender address?
>
>Hadmut

Not that I am aware of, no.

(In Compuserve V. Cyberpromo, it was well known who the spammer was.
That was back in the days before they started using all sorts of
clever tricks to make it nearly or totally impossible to find them.)
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To: "'Steve Schear'" <schear@attbi.com>,
        "'Margie Arbon'" <margie@mail-abuse.org>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Steve Schear [mailto:schear@attbi.com] 
> >
> >Actually, sender-pays could be implemented at the ISP level. 
> ISPs would 
> >automatically pay for stamps on outgoing mail, and bill it 
> back to the 
> >sender.
> >
> >Sender-pays also doesn't even have to use stamps. It can be 
> implemented 
> >as a financial arrangement between two mail servers (relays or 
> >otherwise). Mailservers run by entities that trust each other could 
> >even reconcile any handlign fees at the end of the month or 
> even year.
> 
> How does this work when clients use an open access Wi-Fi link 
> or other situations where free and anonymous access is being granted?

Obviously open servers become a financial liability to the people
running them, but then, that's part of the goal. Nothing stops them from
running free and open servers, but any mail they handle and send on to
other servers will be charged for by the receiving servers, or is simply
not accepted.


> >I think it would be important for every receiving server to 
> be able to 
> >set its own charges. These could even be listed in an extended MX 
> >record
> 
> I think it even more important that each recipient set their 
> own rates.  Is 
> a Nobel laureate's email reading time worth the same as a 
> house wife's 
> sharing the same ISP?


Well, a recipient that values their time greatly could sign up with a
mail system that charges higher handling rates. Per-recipient rates
might be desireable, but for stopping the mass proliferation of spam,
its not a necessary feature.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Amend the RFC to require reverse DNS 
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--==_Exmh_-1908562984P
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On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 14:04:23 EST, M Wild <asrg@wildm.com>  said:
> I am reconsidering this decision.  Amending the RFC to *REQUIRE* correct and
> complete DNS setup for a SMTP client would go a long way towards reducing my
> undesired traffic.  It would also address the customer (and clueless
> administrator) complaints with a simple "I am following the rules"  How can
> you argue with that?

1) Some 30% of IPs don't have proper PTR entries, according to a result posted
by Christian Huitema to the IETF list a while ago.

2) RFC1918 mandates that you don't leak 1918 addresses to the public net,
but some 30% of all queries that reach the *ROOT* nameservers have 1918
source addresses, indicating massive failures to deploy proper ingres/egress
filtering at border routers.

3) Wander over to the NANOG list and see what pain people are going through
because of old outdated bogon filters that include 69/8.

Remember why you had to turn it off - mandating it in an RFC means you'd
go back to that situation again for quite some time....
-- 
				Valdis Kletnieks
				Computer Systems Senior Engineer
				Virginia Tech


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam 
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In message <5.1.0.14.0.20030318131408.00ba2b50@mail.SoftHome.net>, 
meor@mail.SoftHome.net wrote:

>
>>Hint:  CNN does not use digital signatures to identify any of its
>>outgoing mail at the present time.
>>
>>Unless you have a plan to change that, your scheme isn't worth the
>>electrons it is written on.
>
>Actually I did plan on changing that.  In my first message to this list I 
>posted a URL to an overview I was proposing.  Here is that URL again 
>http://meor.xwarzone.com/overview.htm

I don't see any incentives there for CNN to change its current practices.

Were you planning to just send them money?  Or did you figure that
they would assign programmers to work on changing their current
mailing list practices and software to fit your scheme just because
it will seem like fun?
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>
>
> On the contrary, if someone loses a civil suit that ends up with an
> injunction against doing the same thing in future, doing it again is
> contempt of court, and is a criminal offense subject to jail time.
>
> Why Sam Khuri didn't get hit with a contempt citation and jailed for
> spamming again is a complete mystery to me.  Well, no it isn't, the
> requisite DA didn't think it worth the effort.

In a way thats true but the contempt of court is still a separate charge which must be
pursued and is still largely civil in nature as the plaintiff must start the
proceedings.

--
Michael Ellis
Privacy Manager
Date.com
  Phone   (416) 306-0022 ext 620
  Fax     (416) 306-0023

Date.com - "The New Way To Date"



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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Giving Public Notice ....
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Doug,

> A lot of 
> legislators would be happy to be able to introduce a bill or 
> at least cast a 
> vote against spam.  In the U.S. Congress, there was 
> overwhelming support for 
> sharp limits on telemarketing, and I'm sure there are similar 
> feelings about 
> spam.

I'm sure there are similar feelings about spam too, and I have no doubt we
will see more anti-spam legislation.  But like I said, I already live in a
place where (most) spam is illegal.  I see no great difference between being
a Washington State resident who cannot stop people from sending me spam
because there is a WA law against it, and being an American who cannot stop
people in other countries from sending me spam because there is an American
law against it.  (Most spam I receive right now appears to originate from
Asia.)  The attitude that American law can be applied to people outside the
US causes nothing but friction with other countries.  (I think we probably
have enough of this already, and I think our friend Hadmut will probably
agree, nein?)

-J

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From: "John Rumpelein" <jmr@jmrtech.com>
To: "'Chuq Von Rospach'" <chuqui@plaidworks.com>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Chuq,

> > *Identification* is often problematic.  How do you identify the
> > individual
> > responsible for sending you a piece of spam?  This is a non-trivial 
> > problem.
> 
> Yes, it is. How do you identify the person kiting checks? 
> stealing cars?

Not bad, but the metaphor doesn't quite hold.  When you catch someone
stealing your car, they have identifying characteristics (fingerprints,
appearance, ID) -- also, people don't steal your car several times a day.
At least, I hope not.  Right now, people send me literally hundreds of spam
e-mails a day.  I don't have the time or inclination to chase every single
one of them down and make them stop.  Maybe I could do this (I used to try)
but I'd have no time to do anything else.

> split it into less complex pieces, start solving one piece of it, and 
> then work on the next. Laws in the US don't solve chinese spam -- but 
> they help us start solving US-based spam, and give us a piece in the 
> puzzle to help convince the Chinese to follow suit in solving their 
> spam problem, and eventually everyone coming together with an 
> international agreement on how do deal with these issues.

First off, I don't think there's any "silver bullet" that is going to fix
this.  I'm actually part owner in a company that is developing anti-spam
software.  I have also used (and continue to use) other products myself to
try to control spam.  But even with all of this in place, I still get spam,
and there isn't really anything I can do about it.  There is currently no
accountability.  Any bozo with a computer that can connect to the Internet
can run software, connect to my mail server, and send me information on how
I can make my penis bigger, lose 30 pounds, or get a college degree in an
hour.  Right now, the "solution" is to go after ISPs who allow people to do
this.

But what can the ISP do?  They have the power to shut the customer off.
(Most will, out of fear of blacklisting.)  So they shut this guy off, he
calls another ISP, and is back up and running in a few hours.  What has been
accomplished, besides wasting everyone's time and causing the spammer a
minor inconvenience?

> My model on that is copyright -- each country has it's own laws on 
> copyright. There is no "one" copyright law. But most 
> countries are also 
> signatory to the Berne convention, which sets standards for 
> what those 
> copyright laws ought to do. That's a model I think is useful 

And I'm sure you've heard how effective copyright law has been in protecting
rights in places like China.  The trouble here is, there is no immediate
effect on software companies when people in China pirate software (aside
from lost sales).  When people send spam from China though, it is every bit
as annoying (if not more so) than when people send you spam from Cleveland.

> it to someone else again later for a while. Again, this sounds like 
> (and I'm sorry if I misinterpret your attitude) we're only 
> allowed ONE 
> approach. I see no problem with having locks AND policemen. 

We're in agreement here.  Actually what I am doing is arguing for the need
for strong authentication because I think it will reduce the need for all
the other stuff people are already doing, which I can tell you from
experience has limited effectiveness.

-J

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On Tue, 2003-03-18 at 14:07, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:
> On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 11:48:17 EST, David Green said:
> > If the email is From: foo@bar.baz.biz.buz.co.uk, you would query the MT
> > for "bar.baz.biz.buz.co.uk". You would never drop any parts of the name=
.
>=20
> You got it backwards.  If the mail is 'From: valdis@vt.edu', you need to
> suck down all 200 or so MT entries in the vt.edu domain and see if my IP
> is one of them.

The vt.edu domain certainly only has a few authorized outgoing smtp
relays. I don't think they handle enough mail to justify a server farm
of 200 servers just for their email.

> And it's even more borked for mailing lists, because the From: and To:
> don't have much to do with what's going on.  The mail server for couchpot=
ato.net
> would be looking at this message, and complaining because the ietf.org
> mail server isn't an MT for the vt.edu in the From: field.

Thats why the asrg@ietf.org address would have to be used for
authorization.

> Oh, and this message is coming to you direct, and a cc: to the list - exp=
lain
> how your scheme handles each of the copies that are arriving.

The copy from you to me would be authorized as coming from you. The copy
from you to the mailing list would be authorized by Majordomo to be
coming from you. When the mailing list resends the message, the message
would be checked by each recipient's MX as coming from asrg@ietf.org. As
you see, the From: starts to have real meaning.

> > Every MX either sends to a server that trusts it (a relay), or to the
> > recipient's MX. The only restriction here is that the MX that initiates
> > the final hop to the recipient's MX must be listed as an MT for the
> > sender's domain.
>=20
> OK. So let's say this happens:
>=20
> joe@non-spam.com sends you mail.  Your server is down.  So he
> sends it to mail.mx-are-us.com (your off-site MX service).  mx-are-us
> sticks on a Auth-By: header.  Later on, your server comes up.  mx-are-us
> sends you the mail.  Now let's say you do the totally legal thing of not
> preserving the Auth-By, so you strip it off.

If my MX trusted mail.mx-are-us.com, it would not strip the
Authorized-By header.

> The point is you need to tighten up the language about what to do if
> accepting relayed mail.  The current language:
>=20
> > >    SMTP servers SHOULD remove any Authorized-By SMTP headers of
> > >    incoming mail. They MAY be configurable to preserve Authorized-By
> > >    headers on incoming mail from a set of trusted servers.
>=20
> is broken.  For it to be workable, you need to make it a 'MUST preserve'
> for the case of mail coming from your MX'es.

Your MX's would be trusted servers.

David Green

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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 12:36:08 -0800

At 02:53 PM 3/18/2003 -0500, Damien Morton wrote:
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Steve Schear [mailto:schear@attbi.com]
> > >
> > >Actually, sender-pays could be implemented at the ISP level.
> > ISPs would
> > >automatically pay for stamps on outgoing mail, and bill it
> > back to the
> > >sender.
> > >
> > >Sender-pays also doesn't even have to use stamps. It can be
> > implemented
> > >as a financial arrangement between two mail servers (relays or
> > >otherwise). Mailservers run by entities that trust each other could
> > >even reconcile any handlign fees at the end of the month or
> > even year.
> >
> > How does this work when clients use an open access Wi-Fi link
> > or other situations where free and anonymous access is being granted?
>
>Obviously open servers become a financial liability to the people
>running them, but then, that's part of the goal.

No, I don't think it is.  The goal of sender-pays is to reduce spam by 
shifting the burden onto the sender and not the intermediaries, whom ever 
they may be.  Your alternative might more accurately be called 
intermediary-pays.

>Nothing stops them from
>running free and open servers, but any mail they handle and send on to
>other servers will be charged for by the receiving servers, or is simply
>not accepted.

Too limiting and unnecessary.  A criteria for spam reduction, relatively 
widely supported (esp. within the U.S.) on this list, is not to effectively 
narrow anonymous communications.

steve



"War is just a racket ... something that is not what it seems to the 
majority of people. Only a small group knows what its about. It is 
conducted for the benefit of the very few at the expense of the 
masses."  --- Major General Smedley Butler, 1933

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Michael Ellis wrote:
>>
>>On the contrary, if someone loses a civil suit that ends up with an
>>injunction against doing the same thing in future, doing it again is
>>contempt of court, and is a criminal offense subject to jail time.

>>Why Sam Khuri didn't get hit with a contempt citation and jailed for
>>spamming again is a complete mystery to me.  Well, no it isn't, the
>>requisite DA didn't think it worth the effort.

> In a way thats true but the contempt of court is still a separate charge which must be
> pursued and is still largely civil in nature as the plaintiff must start the
> proceedings.

Depending on circumstances, the judge is the plaintiff.




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To: "'Chris Lewis'" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
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> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> 
> Damien Morton wrote:
> > I have a basic problem with any approaches that mandate 
> being able to 
> > read the contents of an email in order to classify it as 
> spam or not. 
> > Whilst the current mail infrastructure makes it easy for servers to 
> > read the contents of mail, this neednt necessarily always 
> be so. These 
> > systems can also be avoided by various transformations, such as 
> > slice-and-dice tables, misspellings, etc etc. Further, any content 
> > oriented detection systems could easily be repurposed for privacy 
> > invasion purposes.
> 
> A mail server can be easily repurposed for privacy invasion 
> ... just a 
> few source code hacks and voila, all of everyone's email.  It's not a 
> very good argument.  That's for privacy legislation to deal with, and 
> not a reason why content filters (or filters that work with other 
> criteria than "content") cannot be used when appropriate consent is 
> obtained.


Like I said, future mail systems might make reading of the content of an
email more difficult than it is now. This would destroy any anti-spam
infrastructure that relies on content reading.

I don't think its enough to rely on privacy legislation. As we have seen
with spam, anything that can be done cheaply and easily is highly
resistant to legislation. We should not be building systems that can be
cheaply and easily subverted into becoming vast distributed line-eaters.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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From: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>
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On Tuesday, March 18, 2003, at 12:20  PM, John Rumpelein wrote:

> Chuq,
>

> Not bad, but the metaphor doesn't quite hold.  When you catch someone
> stealing your car, they have identifying characteristics (fingerprints,
> appearance, ID) -- also, people don't steal your car several times a 
> day.

Metaphors are quite useful. Where they work, they give us solid 
real-world examples we can build from without a lot of re-inventing. 
And where tehy don't work, they at least give us an idea of the places 
we need to focus on to understand things... So even a failure of a 
metaphor leads to understanding and future success...

> But what can the ISP do?  They have the power to shut the customer off.
> (Most will, out of fear of blacklisting.)  So they shut this guy off, 
> he
> calls another ISP, and is back up and running in a few hours.  What 
> has been
> accomplished, besides wasting everyone's time and causing the spammer a
> minor inconvenience?

which tells me we need to raise the stakes on the spammer and his ISP. 
Criminalizing the act with more serious implications will help. When 
it's cheaper to get a parking ticket once every week or so than pay for 
a parking place, people risk the tickets. the only answer is then make 
tickets expensive enough to make them think twice. Asking them to 
follow the law won't work.

I'm a firm believer in carrots and sticks. And if they won't take the 
carrot, the stick has to be big enough to catch their attention. Right 
now, there are no carrots for NOT doing it, and the stick is a soda 
straw. Replace that stick with a baseball bat, and hand it to one of 
the national ISPs like Earthlink, and watch.

And no, that's also not a perfect solution, but it's a step in the 
right direction.

> And I'm sure you've heard how effective copyright law has been in 
> protecting
> rights in places like China.

As a published author, yes. Only shows how the struggle won't be easy. 
Doesn't mean we shouldn't try the struggle, because we can still make 
inroads, even if we can't stop every piece. I'll take a 20% cut in spam 
over a 0% cut, won't you?

And maybe once we get our own house in order, it makes it easier to 
justify blacklisting a netblock for countries that don't have their act 
together. Maybe force that netblock to MX route through a specific 
forwarding agent only. There are options, once you partition the 
problem and start dealing with it piece by piece.

> We're in agreement here.  Actually what I am doing is arguing for the 
> need
> for strong authentication because I think it will reduce the need for 
> all
> the other stuff people are already doing, which I can tell you from
> experience has limited effectiveness.
>

yes, we are. Basically, until we can do some kind of return-address 
authentication, the rest is a hack. And authentication doesn't really 
prove anything, other than you can then trust it enough to make 
white-/black-list decisions on that data. The authentication proves 
nothing, other than any decision you make on it has some chance of 
being useful.


-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/


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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com>
To: "'M Wild'" <asrg@wildm.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Amend the RFC to require reverse DNS
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 15:56:34 -0500

>-----Original Message-----
>From: M Wild [mailto:asrg@wildm.com]
>Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 2:04 PM
>To: asrg@ietf.org
>Subject: [Asrg] Amend the RFC to require reverse DNS


>Greetings - One of the most effective anti-spam measures I have taken on my
>mail servers is to require the sending mail server's IP address to reverse
>resolve to the name it uses in its HELO command.  While this is a violation
>of the RFC it eliminates lying machines and forces accountability on the
>sending server.  Yes, I know it can be forged or spoofed however it still
>significantly raises the level of effort required on the part of the
>spammer.  I've had to turn this check off due to customer complaints
however
>I am reconsidering this decision.  Amending the RFC to *REQUIRE* correct
and
>complete DNS setup for a SMTP client would go a long way towards reducing
my
>undesired traffic.  It would also address the customer (and clueless
>administrator) complaints with a simple "I am following the rules"  How can
>you argue with that?

I can't- I like the idea.. but it has to go further than that.
 Example: MOMandPOP.com hosts their website and mail systems at their local
ISP. 
They send email as recipes@MOMandPOP.com.
Because their ISP has closed port 25, all email from MOMandPOP.com must go
to the relay server first.
 You see at your end-
HELO megamail1.isp.com   << reverse lookup of megamail1.isp.com shows an IP
address of 198.10.10.2
mail from: recipes@MOMandPOP.com << reverse lookup of MOMandPOP.com shows an
IP address of 198.10.210.53

 In your example, this email would fail.
 Even though MOMandPOP.com are real and just wanted to send you your
requested apple pie recipe.

 The DNS needs a key or something that would define MOMandPOP.com as part of
mega.isp.com.
Please see the "Position paper, in zipped HTML" posts by Valdis Kletnieks.

Regards,
Damon Sauer



*****
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Date: 18 Mar 2003 16:03:47 -0500


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On Tue, 2003-03-18 at 14:32, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:
> On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 14:18:19 EST, David Green said:
> > The vt.edu domain certainly only has a few authorized outgoing smtp
> > relays. I don't think they handle enough mail to justify a server farm
> > of 200 servers just for their email.
> The question is whether AOL.COM has few enough authorized outbound relays
> that it fits in a single 512-byte UDP DNS query.  I know they can't fit
> all their inbounds into one packet, so I suspect the outbounds don't eith=
er.

If the DNS system is broken, that is a subject for another list.

> > Thats why the asrg@ietf.org address would have to be used for
> > authorization.
> Hey, what do you know... asrg@ietf.org isn't in the From: - in fact, if i=
t's
> bcc:ed it may not appear in the RFC822 headers *AT ALL*.

Majordomo masquerades as other people when it relays emails. This is
precisely what we want to prevent. The From: should be changed to the
name of the mailing list.

> > The copy from you to me would be authorized as coming from you. The cop=
y
> > from you to the mailing list would be authorized by Majordomo to be
> > coming from you.
> Majordomo may not be able to authorize it - see my discussion about MX
> handling, which also matters in case of firewalls and mail servers in the=
 DMZ.

After leaving the public Internet, all internal mail servers should be
set to trust each other if they plan on relaying to each other.

> > When the mailing list resends the message, the message
> > would be checked by each recipient's MX as coming from asrg@ietf.org. A=
s
> > you see, the From: starts to have real meaning.
> > If my MX trusted mail.mx-are-us.com, it would not strip the
> > Authorized-By header.
> But that's not what your draft said.  It said it *MAY* be configured to
> do so.  MAY means its *optional*, not "you have to do it for it to work
> the way you expect" - that's what MUST is for.

I'll work on this.

David Green

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Amend the RFC to require reverse DNS
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Sauer, Damon > I can't- I like the idea.. but it has to go further than that.
>  Example: MOMandPOP.com hosts their website and mail systems at their local
> ISP. 
> They send email as recipes@MOMandPOP.com.
> Because their ISP has closed port 25, all email from MOMandPOP.com must go
> to the relay server first.
>  You see at your end-
> HELO megamail1.isp.com   << reverse lookup of megamail1.isp.com shows an IP
> address of 198.10.10.2
> mail from: recipes@MOMandPOP.com << reverse lookup of MOMandPOP.com shows an
> IP address of 198.10.210.53
> 
>  In your example, this email would fail.

No it wouldn't.  You misunderstood his proposal.

He requires the rDNS of the connecting server machines the HELO of the 
connecting server, neither of which would be MOMandPOP.com.  Ie:

The reverse lookup of 198.10.10.2 yields megamail1.isp.com - checking 
whether that matches the HELO is the trick.

This has no relationship to the mail from or From:.

Right now you can use this heuristic with a few selected servers (eg: 
MSN, yahoo and excite) because you know two things:
	1) They're oft-times forged in HELOs
	2) Their servers _do_ have valid rDNS.

However, this is a short-lived heuristic.  Enshrining it in the RFCs 
would help, but, only mid-term.

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To: william@elan.net, Doug Phillips <gr8rdane@hotmail.com>
From: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 13:13:56 -0800

At 07:52 AM 3/18/2003 -0800, william@elan.net wrote:
>How about criminal charges for spammers (after somebody won civil
>suite) with pentaly being that judge orders that spammer may not use
>computer or have anything to do with advertising business for set period
>of time?

I really think this talk of "punishing" spamers has gotten out of 
hand.  I've sent an unsolicited email or two in my time and don't feel the 
least bit guilty about it.  Its simply business.

If you think about the way printing costs and postal rates influence 
advertising decisions you'll see this is really an economic problem not a 
moral or social issue.  In the U.S. I think it currently costs about $0.25 
to send a bulk 1st Class mail, less for other types.  Is the person who 
send you a pitch in your mail box a criminal because they "clog" your box 
with an unwanted pitch?  What if the cost of postal mail and printing were 
to drop to 1/10 or 1/100 of their current costs?  Would those business 
which expanded their advertising now become criminals because market forces 
had increased their ability to economically reach more people?  What if it 
became essentially free?  Would there be cries for opt-in postal 
delivery?  Probably.  If opt-in postal lists were more frequently used it 
would save advertisers lots of money.

So, raising the cost of delivering an email to even $0.01 would cause all 
but the most profitable pitches to evaporate from our in-boxes.and offering 
advertisers an opt-in list would be a great benefit to both them and us.

steve

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar 18 16:29:12 2003
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Amend the RFC to require reverse DNS 
In-reply-to: Your message of Tue, 18 Mar 2003 15:05:32 -0500.
             <200303182005.h2IK5WpT003625@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> 
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 13:27:28 -0800


In message <200303182005.h2IK5WpT003625@turing-police.cc.vt.edu>, 
M Wild <asrg@wildm.com> wrote:

>1) Some 30% of IPs don't have proper PTR entries, according to a result posted
>by Christian Huitema to the IETF list a while ago.

Actually, I would say that something more like 98% of all IPv4 address
space has no reverse DNS.

That's the bad news.

The good news is that the vast majority of THAT un-rDNS'd space contains
-ZERO- well maintained mail servers that I personally feel any compelling
need to accept mail from, by default.

Of course, when/if the owners or users of those machines find that they
are blocked while trying to send mail to any address in the monkeys.com
domain, they are cordially invited to use the contact form on my web
site and request special whitelisting for their specific IP address(es)...
which I gladly provide to any non-spammer that requests it.


Regards,
rfg


P.S.  Recently, a couple of major ISP... specifically AT&T and RoadRunner...
tried, and failed, in implement filtering of IP addresses that have no
reverse DNS.  The problem in both cases was that this change created far
too many complaints, once it was first switched on, from the respective
customer bases.

The problem is that both companies began the implementation of this in
a rather dumb way.  They just stopped accepting mail from hosts with no
reverse DNS, period.  As far as I have been able to determine, they
FAILED collect their own mail servers logs for a few months prior to
the change-over, and they FAILED to whitelist all of the IPs that may
not have had proper reverse DNS, ever, but that nontheless had no black-
marks against them (i.e. not listed in the SBL, not listed in ORDB, not
listed in the UPL) _and_ that had already been sending mail... perhaps
lots of it... to these respective ISPs, and their respective customer
bases already, and in some cases for a long long LONG time.

As a friend of mine put it recently ``Would you switch your personal
mailbox to a pure whitelist-based systems and NOT at the same time
pre-initialize you personal whitelist with the entier current contents
of your own address book?''  No!  Of course not!  Pretty much the same
logic applies to switching a mail server over to rejecting mail from
no-rDNS hosts.  If you a sizable ISP, and if you do it without making
special exceptions for all of the servers that had previously been
sending you legit mail, then that is, in a word, dumb.

QUESTION: What generates most complaints (and the most heated complaints)
for those ISPs that attempt to do _anything_ in the way of spam filtering?
ANSWER:  When some given used has been on an existing mailing list already
FOR MONTHS and then, suddenly, it just stops arriving one day.

Moral of the Story:  It's ``ok'' to stop accepting incoming e-mail from
hosts that have no reverse DNS... even if you are a major ISP... as
long as you do it in an intelligent way that doesn't instantly piss off
(at least) half of your customer base.

The problem is that an awful lot of people implement what are otherwise
good ideas, but they only think about the possible problems and/or ways
to address those as an afterthought... AFTER the customer complaints
start arriving by the truckload.  And by then it's too late.
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 15:39:30 -0500

At 10:38 AM -0600 3/18/03, David Walker wrote:
>I believe there are a number of us interested in this type of solution but for
>it to work we would have to distill the ideas together. 
>
>Checking the from header has serious implications with mailing lists and I
>proposed that we do not check the from header but check the envelope from and
>require that MUAs expose the envelope from in the form of "from 'envelope
>from' on behalf of 'from header'"

Require in what sense?  The RFCs already require that it be put in 
Return-Path: by the delivery agent.  Is having the MUA display it 
really going to change anything?

One of the things I discovered, in my fight to keep people from 
putting wormalert@somewhere.com in their address book, is that many 
people don't see the email address at all.  I don't know if this is 
because the UA doesn't show it, or because they just stop "seeing" 
it.  But I got so many "who the hell are you"  responses when I 
replied as "From: Kee Hinckley <wormalert@somewhere.com>" that I had 
to change it to "From: wormalert@somewhere.com Admin 
<wormalert@somewhere.com>" so that they'd realize this was something 
they'd sent to.  (And even that didn't help, since in their address 
book it was usually there as "AAAA" so they would claim they didn't 
send me the email.  And their UA was hiding the address even when 
they sent--they only saw the AAAA.

The only chance you have of exposing the Return-Path so that people 
will see it is to have the MUA change the text of the from name to 
include the return-path if the return-path is different from the 
from.  E.g.

From: "Kee Hinckley via asrg@ietf.org <nazgul@somewhere.com>"

And they won't understand it.  I get so many people who don't 
understand that From: has no bearing on the person that sent the 
email that I have an auto-response for the problem.

But more to the point.  I don't think the IETF is in a position to be 
specifying proper user interface behavior.  Suggest perhaps, but I 
wouldn't depend on the results.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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At 11:55 AM -0500 3/18/03, David Green wrote:
>Or the From: could be changed to the mailing list address and an
>Originally-From: header could be added.

One of the advantages of domain-based authentication is that it 
doesn't require MUA changes.  That change would break the behavior of 
MUAs with mailing lists.  Not a show-stopper perhaps, but worth 
noting.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:03:47 EST, David Green said:
> If the DNS system is broken, that is a subject for another list.

Handwaving that way won't change the fact that your scheme would *double*
the effort required to accept mail from most of the largest providers - which
is where most of your mail will likely be *from*.

And there's lots of ugly scaling effects - double the load may require more
than double the hardware..

> Majordomo masquerades as other people when it relays emails. This is
> precisely what we want to prevent. The From: should be changed to the
> name of the mailing list.

You really don't understand why lists work the day they do, do you?

There are reasons it is done the way it is.  In particular, if you change
the From: to the name of the list, where do we put the *POSTERS* name?
(Hint - if you're strictly RFC-compliant, it doesn't go in Sender:.  RFC822
overloads Sender: with 2 values, neither of which is correct semantics for
the person posting to the list).

This note would have appeared as:

From: asrg@ietf.edu
To:   asrg@ietf.edu

(You can't put individual recipient names in there, because then each message
body is different. Then you can't piggyback RCPT TO: - there's a *BIG*
performance difference between MajorDomo handing the MTA 1 piece of mail with
400 RCPT TO:, and 400 separate pieces of mail with 1 RCPT TO each.  This is
particularly obvious if you have 20,000 recipients and somebody posts a 500K
attachment (quite reasonable for some lists) - the one way you can do it using
500K of disk plus 1 list of addresses, the other way you just blew 10 gigabytes
of spool.  There's also the performance issues of having 20K messages to track
rather than just 1 (do an 'ls' in a directory with 1 file, and in one with 20K
files, and let me know what happens..)

And any sane citing software would have generated:

On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:03:47 EST, asrg@ietf.edu said:

Oh, and that renders 'reply to author' impossible.



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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 15:29:47 -0500

At 11:33 AM -0500 3/18/03, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:
>Let's say the mail starts at a Unix workstation, which sends it to a mail
>hub.  The Auth-By: now lists the workstation.  The hub tries to send it to
>your server, fails, and sends it to your off-site backup MX service.
>The MX nukes the previous AUth-by, and adds one pointing to the originating
>mail hub.  Your server comes up, the mail starts arriving.

While you've got some good points I wouldn't pick on the MX issue 
particularly.  I think in this proposal was assuming (as a lot of 
anti-spam schemes do) that the MX server has to act like, and be 
treated like, the main server.  That's an issue, since small 
companies don't always have that level of MX control--but it is a 
necessary part of almost all proposals, not just that one.

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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>I don't see any incentives there for CNN to change its current practices.
>
>Were you planning to just send them money?  Or did you figure that
>they would assign programmers to work on changing their current
>mailing list practices and software to fit your scheme just because
>it will seem like fun?

Jesus Christ this list is filled with stupid.  Do you guys effectively 
argue anything or do you only skim over messages and point out your own 
ignorance?  I've completely outlined the method I was proposing and only 
about half of the responses I received were intelligent.  The other half of 
the responses were either completely ignorant or a thread fracture debating 
how public keys work.

Have you guys ever thought about what happens if you truly do find an 
original idea that would eliminate SPAM?  What if it wasn't 100% backwards 
compatible with sendmail?  Do you guys have any sort of plan on how to roll 
out such a solution across the Internet?  My guess as to why this group is 
so ineffectual is because there are too many voices spouting opinions and 
not enough organization.  You repeatedly get people talking about building 
a trust infrastructure, better ways to filter, a universal black list, a 
new law to govern SPAM, a rating systems, or re-implementing Finger?  None 
of these ideas work.  You will never build a trust infrastructure.  You 
will never be able to filter 100% effectively.  You will never be able to 
create a universal black list.  You will never be able to get a effectual 
rating system working.  Creating laws will never solve the problem because 
it is too easy to anonymously send E-Mail, or send it from a different 
country.  Re-implementing finger?  That's the stupidest thing I've ever heard.

The fact of the matter is: The current SMTP/POP/IMAP protocols were built 
on the idea of a trusting network.  When you allow people who abuse these 
protocols to access them, you're lost.  You will never get SMTP to work in 
a way that prevents it from being abused.  You will never get filters to 
work 100% effectively because one man's SPAM is another man's free 
vacation.  The only way to get E-Mail to work in an effective an un-abused 
manner is to implement a new protocol.  The faster this is realized, the 
faster a solution will be found.

You need a *new* protocol that does not have a central location to provide 
proof of identity.
You need a way to prove identity peer to peer in a sense.
You need a way to either identify SPAMmers 100% of the time and stop them, 
or identify them most of the time and slow them down.  Identifying them 
100% of the time is probably not feasible, so you can't try and stop 
them.  Identifying them most of the time with occasional false-positives 
and slowing these down is probably a better way to do things.
A good way to identify SPAMmers most of the time would be through the use 
of a white list of digital signatures.  If someone is on your white list, 
they are not a spammer.  If they are not on your list, they're probably a 
SPAMmer and need to be slowed down until they are placed on your white list.
You need a good way to slow down spammers in a way that does not imply 
trust and does not bog down the network or server.  You need a way to slow 
down the sending client in a way that's scaleable, voluntary, and 
uncircumventable.
A good way to slow the client down is to make the client perform a task 
that uses CPU time.  This task needs some way of proving that the CPU time 
was invested by the client before the mail is able to be sent.  The only 
way to circumvent this task would be to apply more CPU power to solving 
this task which would imply more money invested.  If the task is scaleable 
to easily consume more CPU power, investing more money in CPU power would 
become less economically feasible and SPAMming would no longer be a viable 
business practice.



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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:51:06 -0500

On Tue, Mar 18, 2003 at 03:46:11PM -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 11:55 AM -0500 3/18/03, David Green wrote:
> >Or the From: could be changed to the mailing list address and an
> >Originally-From: header could be added.
> 
> One of the advantages of domain-based authentication is that it 
> doesn't require MUA changes.  That change would break the behavior of 
> MUAs with mailing lists.  Not a show-stopper perhaps, but worth 
> noting.

Deployment of *any* spam solution will be much easier at the MTA level.

-- 
Jim Littlefield             "All those who believe in psychokinesis
                             raise my hand." - Steven Wright
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'M Wild'" <asrg@wildm.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Amend the RFC to require reverse DNS
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 13:51:28 -0800

I do not believe that the user community is likely to take any notice.

Operational injunctions of this sort are the type of thing that the ISPs
and the general user community tend to push back on severely.

There is no existing protocol that depends on reverse DNS. As a result 
the reverse DNS is only deployed to a degree that supports advisory and
debugging type uses. Any proposal that depends on the roll out of a
production reverse DNS is requiring the hard 90% of a major infrastructure
deployment.


Another problem is knowing what the reverse DNS is telling you. All you
can do is to map an IP address to a domain name (or names). That gives
zero information about the authenticity of the information concerned.
A spammer can insert false information in the reverse DNS without obstacle.

Another practical deployment problem is the fact that a single IP can 
serve, hundreds, thousands or even tens of thousands of mail domains.
So how does the reverse DNS tell you anything of interest?

Yet another problem is that in many cases control over the reverse DNS does
not lie anywhere close to the end user. I have zero control over the 
reverse dns for the IP address I rent from Comcast. It is actually set
to an address that depends on the ethernet mac address of my nic...

But strip off the host part of the domain and I have a reverse DNS that
looks like I am in the comcast domain.


Assigning a reverse DNS name does not today imply any intention on the 
part of the reverse IP address maintainer to authorize any use for the
domain. 

		Phill



-----Original Message-----
From: M Wild [mailto:asrg@wildm.com]
Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 11:04 AM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] Amend the RFC to require reverse DNS


Greetings - One of the most effective anti-spam measures I have taken on my
mail servers is to require the sending mail server's IP address to reverse
resolve to the name it uses in its HELO command.  While this is a violation
of the RFC it eliminates lying machines and forces accountability on the
sending server.  Yes, I know it can be forged or spoofed however it still
significantly raises the level of effort required on the part of the
spammer.  I've had to turn this check off due to customer complaints however
I am reconsidering this decision.  Amending the RFC to *REQUIRE* correct and
complete DNS setup for a SMTP client would go a long way towards reducing my
undesired traffic.  It would also address the customer (and clueless
administrator) complaints with a simple "I am following the rules"  How can
you argue with that?

Regards
Mike

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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 14:00:16 -0800

>The question is whether AOL.COM has few enough authorized outbound relays
>that it fits in a single 512-byte UDP DNS query.  I know they can't fit
>all their inbounds into one packet, so I suspect the outbounds don't
either.

That is a good point, i believe that the larger ISPs would need to use an
SSL type approach in any case simply to avoid the operational problems
that a mechanism that strongly coupled their outbound mail to the DNS.


I don't see how BCC is meant to create a problem. Any authentication
approach
is authenticating the source of the mail, not the destination.

It is however very useful to distinguish BCC mail from mailing list mail.

I suspect that over time the range of people from whom BCC mail is accepted
will shrink. The range of people I might BCC is pretty small. I would never
BCC someone in a first contact. The main utility in BCC is to avoid creating

ad-hoc mailing lists from reply-to threads...

	Phill
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To: "'Steve Schear'" <schear@attbi.com>,
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> From: Steve Schear [mailto:schear@attbi.com]

<snip>

> > > How does this work when clients use an open access Wi-Fi link or
> > > other situations where free and anonymous access is being granted?
> >
> >Obviously open servers become a financial liability to the people
> >running them, but then, that's part of the goal.
> 
> No, I don't think it is.  The goal of sender-pays is to
> reduce spam by 
> shifting the burden onto the sender and not the 
> intermediaries, whom ever 
> they may be.  Your alternative might more accurately be called 
> intermediary-pays.

Well intermediary-pays allows the intermediary to set the charging
policy. They can implement a sender-pays arrangement, they can offer
sending credits to authenticated members, they can work within a trusted
group of servers that don't charge each other. It's a very flexible
system, on top of which sender-pays can be constructed. The point is -
it turns anybody operating a mailserver into a financially accountable
entity. It also means that only the relationship between the immediate
sender and reciever need be considered at the point of sending (even if
one or both are acting as intermediaries).

I like to think of the system as modeled on the relationships between
national postal services, where each mail server is equivalent to the
national postal service of a single nation. Every nation (server) has
its own handling charges, and every nation has its own international
postage pricing based on their own handling charges and those of the
destination. Two nations (servers) with identical handling fees sending
each other the same volume of mail would, at the end of the day, have no
currency changing hands. In this way cooperating peers would have little
financial exposure.

Entities that were net producers of mail would tend to have the greatest
financial exposure.

> >Nothing stops them from
> >running free and open servers, but any mail they handle and
> send on to
> >other servers will be charged for by the receiving servers, or is
> >simply not accepted.
> 
> Too limiting and unnecessary.  A criteria for spam reduction,
> relatively 
> widely supported (esp. within the U.S.) on this list, is not 
> to effectively narrow anonymous communications.

Users wanting unimpeded anonymous communications to reach them would
tend to migrate to servers with no handling charges.



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To: meor@mail.SoftHome.net
CC: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam
References: <Your message of Tue, 18 Mar 2003 13:15:03 -0600. <5.1.0.14.0.20030318131408.00ba2b50@mail.SoftHome.net> <5.1.0.14.0.20030318151235.00b746c0@mail.SoftHome.net>
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meor@mail.SoftHome.net wrote:

>
>> I don't see any incentives there for CNN to change its current 
>> practices.
>>
>> Were you planning to just send them money?  Or did you figure that
>> they would assign programmers to work on changing their current
>> mailing list practices and software to fit your scheme just because
>> it will seem like fun?
>
>
> Jesus Christ this list is filled with stupid.  Do you guys effectively 
> argue anything or do you only skim over messages and point out your 
> own ignorance?  I've completely outlined the method I was proposing 
> and only about half of the responses I received were intelligent.  The 
> other half of the responses were either completely ignorant or a 
> thread fracture debating how public keys work.
>
> Have you guys ever thought about what happens if you truly do find an 
> original idea that would eliminate SPAM?  What if it wasn't 100% 
> backwards compatible with sendmail?  Do you guys have any sort of plan 
> on how to roll out such a solution across the Internet?  My guess as 
> to why this group is so ineffectual is because there are too many 
> voices spouting opinions and not enough organization.  You repeatedly 
> get people talking about building a trust infrastructure, better ways 
> to filter, a universal black list, a new law to govern SPAM, a rating 
> systems, or re-implementing Finger?  None of these ideas work.  You 
> will never build a trust infrastructure.  You will never be able to 
> filter 100% effectively.  You will never be able to create a universal 
> black list.  You will never be able to get a effectual rating system 
> working.  Creating laws will never solve the problem because it is too 
> easy to anonymously send E-Mail, or send it from a different country.  
> Re-implementing finger?  That's the stupidest thing I've ever heard.
>
> The fact of the matter is: The current SMTP/POP/IMAP protocols were 
> built on the idea of a trusting network.  When you allow people who 
> abuse these protocols to access them, you're lost.  You will never get 
> SMTP to work in a way that prevents it from being abused.  You will 
> never get filters to work 100% effectively because one man's SPAM is 
> another man's free vacation.  The only way to get E-Mail to work in an 
> effective an un-abused manner is to implement a new protocol.  The 
> faster this is realized, the faster a solution will be found.
>
> You need a *new* protocol that does not have a central location to 
> provide proof of identity.
> You need a way to prove identity peer to peer in a sense.
> You need a way to either identify SPAMmers 100% of the time and stop 
> them, or identify them most of the time and slow them down.  
> Identifying them 100% of the time is probably not feasible, so you 
> can't try and stop them.  Identifying them most of the time with 
> occasional false-positives and slowing these down is probably a better 
> way to do things.
> A good way to identify SPAMmers most of the time would be through the 
> use of a white list of digital signatures.  If someone is on your 
> white list, they are not a spammer.  If they are not on your list, 
> they're probably a SPAMmer and need to be slowed down until they are 
> placed on your white list.
> You need a good way to slow down spammers in a way that does not imply 
> trust and does not bog down the network or server.  You need a way to 
> slow down the sending client in a way that's scaleable, voluntary, and 
> uncircumventable.
> A good way to slow the client down is to make the client perform a 
> task that uses CPU time.  This task needs some way of proving that the 
> CPU time was invested by the client before the mail is able to be 
> sent.  The only way to circumvent this task would be to apply more CPU 
> power to solving this task which would imply more money invested.  If 
> the task is scaleable to easily consume more CPU power, investing more 
> money in CPU power would become less economically feasible and 
> SPAMming would no longer be a viable business practice.
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

Lighten up dude, comments like 'this list is filled with stupid' don't 
help to bring your point across. The opposite is true...

What we - IMnsHO - are looking for is a way to reduce the impact of spam 
on email. Reduce, probably not totally eliminate, because that is not 
really the point. Any service can be abused as long as the barrier of 
entry to the service is low. Even your proposal will not completely 
eliminate spam, it would probably just change the way spam would be sent 
(by distributing the load of the verification process over a wide range 
of computers, employing either well-known vulnerabilities in Windows or 
parasitic ratware). And you mention something about patents and the need 
to license when making for-profit implementations, which is a no-no for 
something as essential and basic as the email standard.

Reduce spam while not throwing away the baby with the bathwater. 
Evolution works, revolution often leaves a bloody mess.

Are you in San Francisco for the IETF? If so, come forward and speak 
your mind.

Frank

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From: "Lee Murach" <lemur@codemode.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] spam-shake: an anti-spam e-mail protocol
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 14:29:30 -0800

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Hi all.

This is to describe an anti-spam protocol that might be implemented via =
822 mail headers without requiring changes to mail transfer protocols.

A sends a message to B.  B sends it back to A, whereupon A resends the =
message to B.  The result: B receives A's message, and A learns B's spam =
code.  Spam code?  Spam codes are alphanumeric strings included in the =
message header that enable the receiving mailer to accept mail from an =
unrecognized sender while rejecting unsolicted mass mailings.  The =
three-way handshake, although it replaces one mail send with three, =
needn't be an onerous imposition on senders generally, since it need =
occur only on a first-time mailing to propagate the spam code, and =
thereafter only when the receiver changes his spam code.

But the spammer, assuming he doesn't already know the codes, will be =
obliglied to receive and process replies from each recipient in order to =
learn them.  This is scarcely practical.  Neither is it possible to =
assemble spam code lists in same way email lists are compiled, because =
users can change their spam codes at any time, and the changes are =
automatically learned by those senders who do receive and process =
replies.

The proposed implementation contemplates a new header line, called a =
spam line, to be included with the other lines of the standard RFC 822 =
mail header.  The format & usage follows:

Spam: Send spam-code
Spam: Reply spam-code

In the exchange that follows, A sends a message to B.  A doesn't know =
B's spam code, and so uses his own code.  B notes that A has supplied a =
incorrect spam code, and so sends the message back, with the spam line =
changed to a Reply and listing B's correct code.  A resends the message =
with the correct code.

1. Spam: Send A-spam-code
2. Spam: Reply B-spam-code
3. Spam: Send B-spam-code

Here's the decision psuedo-code. Note that users can change spam codes =
in the course of the handshake, so messages could be repeatedly =
returned.  Also, messages without spam lines are returned to sender by =
adding a spam line, and requesting the originator to resend the message.

if Spam  { /* Spam line is present */
    if Send {
        if message-code is my-code
            accept message
        else
            Spam: Reply  my-code
        return
    }
    if Reply {
        Spam: Send message-code
        return
    }
    /* invalid spam line */
    return
}
/* didn't have a spam line; must be from non-shake mailer */
Prepend a "please resend this message" to message body and...
Spam: Send my-code

I don't believe it's necessary to overhaul the Internet architecture =
just to deal with spam, when all that is truly required is a procedure =
to handle messages from unrecognized senders with unfamiliar subjects.  =
So my thought is that this strategy could be implemented by your mail =
user agent, after filtering for subscribed lists and other mail that you =
do want to receive, and would never need to reject.

Lee Murach
lemur@codemode.com
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	charset="iso-8859-1"
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Diso-8859-1">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1141" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Hi all.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>This is to describe an anti-spam =
protocol that=20
might be implemented via 822 mail headers without requiring changes to =
mail=20
transfer protocols.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>A sends a message to B.&nbsp; B sends =
it back to A,=20
whereupon A resends&nbsp;the message&nbsp;to B.&nbsp; The result: B =
receives A's=20
message, and A learns B's spam code.&nbsp; Spam code?&nbsp; Spam codes =
are=20
alphanumeric strings included in the message header that enable the =
receiving=20
mailer to accept mail from an unrecognized sender while=20
rejecting&nbsp;unsolicted mass mailings.&nbsp;&nbsp;The three-way =
handshake,=20
although it replaces one mail send with three, needn't be an onerous =
imposition=20
on senders generally, since it need occur only on a first-time mailing =
to=20
propagate the spam code, and thereafter only when the receiver changes =
his spam=20
code.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>But the spammer, assuming he doesn't =
already know=20
the codes, will be obliglied to receive and process replies from each =
recipient=20
in order to learn them.&nbsp; This is scarcely practical.&nbsp; Neither =
is it=20
possible to assemble spam code lists in same way email lists are =
compiled,=20
because users can change their spam codes at any time, and the changes =
are=20
automatically&nbsp;learned by those senders who <EM>do </EM>receive and =
process=20
replies.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>The proposed implementation =
contemplates&nbsp;a new=20
header line, called a spam line, to be included with the=20
other&nbsp;lines&nbsp;of the standard RFC 822 mail header.&nbsp; The =
format=20
&amp; usage&nbsp;follows:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Spam: Send&nbsp;spam-code</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Spam: Reply spam-code</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>In the&nbsp;exchange that follows, A =
sends a=20
message to B.&nbsp; A doesn't know B's spam code, and so uses his own=20
code.&nbsp; B notes that A has supplied a incorrect spam code, and so =
sends the=20
message back,&nbsp;with the spam line changed to a&nbsp;Reply and=20
listing&nbsp;B's correct code.&nbsp; A resends the message with the =
correct=20
code.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>1. Spam: Send A-spam-code</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>2. Spam: Reply =
B-spam-code</FONT></DIV></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>3. Spam: Send B-spam-code</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Here's the&nbsp;decision =
psuedo-code.&nbsp;Note=20
that users can change spam codes in the course of the handshake, so =
messages=20
could be repeatedly returned.&nbsp; Also, messages without spam lines =
are=20
returned to sender by adding a spam line, and requesting =
the&nbsp;originator to=20
resend the message.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>if Spam&nbsp; { /* Spam line is present =

*/</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if Send =
{</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if=20
message-code is my-code</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; accept message</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
else</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p; Spam:=20
Reply&nbsp; my-code</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
return</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if Reply =
{</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Spam: Send=20
message-code</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
return</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* invalid spam line =

*/</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>}</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>/* didn't have a spam line; must be =
from non-shake=20
mailer&nbsp;*/</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Prepend a "please resend this message" =
to message=20
body and...</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Spam: Send my-code</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>I don't believe it's necessary to =
overhaul the=20
Internet architecture&nbsp;just to deal with spam, when all that is =
truly=20
required is a&nbsp;procedure to handle messages from unrecognized =
senders with=20
unfamiliar subjects.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>So&nbsp;my&nbsp;thought is that this strategy could be=20
implemented&nbsp;by your mail user agent, after filtering for subscribed =
lists=20
and other mail that you do want to receive, and would never need to=20
reject.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Lee Murach</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><A=20
href=3D"mailto:lemur@codemode.com">lemur@codemode.com</A></FONT></DIV></D=
IV></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar 18 17:48:55 2003
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Lee Murach <lemur@codemode.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] spam-shake: an anti-spam e-mail protocol
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 14:39:05 -0800

Something similar has already been discussed around 1000 messages
ago under the term "Cookie".

Hadmut
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 17:35:41 -0500

At 12:19 PM -0500 3/18/03, Dave Lampert wrote:
>Here's a solution that, together with many other solutions, may reduce the
>economical value of spam to the spammers.
>
>PATENT NOTICE (My lawyers made me do it!): This solution is part of a
>patent-pending technology ("Prioritized communication") available upon
>request by emailing
><mailto:dlampert_5c280fdc_0833_4499_9907_247141f16aed@homeai.com>. We intend
>to make this technology widely available through numerous vendors under paid
>license as per http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt sections 10.3.2 and
>10.3.3, so I'd like to see this addressed in the ASRG recommendation for
>standards.
>
>In short, this doesn't block spam, but rather relegates it (and other
>unsolicited email) to a low or zero priority (you pick it up when YOU want
>to). Email from people you know have a higher priority rating. You get to
>rate each person and the system issues them a unique contact email address
>(usually a base name plus a GUID like the one listed above) just for them.
>The system makes it easy to manage these and easy for your friend to update
>his/her address book. If the unique address falls into the wrong hands and
>spam begins, you can lower the rating on it, and possibly issue a new unique
>address to the friend (if he/she is STILL your friend!).

1. Now nobody can remember your email address.  They have to have 
their address book with them on every machine they send email from. 
Otherwise it ends up in your "deal with later" bin.  (And it's real 
easy to miss that one real message when 90% of the stuff in the bin 
is spam.)
2. You annoy your friends.  Initiating a discussion becomes a pain. 
You also annoy strangers by sending them a new contact address that 
they don't want.
3. You still have to read every email message that comes into the 
main address, because you are never sure whether it's spam or someone 
legit trying to talk to you (in other words, same as now).
4. If not #3, then you need a challenge response system, which 
*really* annoys your friends.
5. You need to write a custom MUA that handles this whole priority 
system. And if you think I'm going to let my MUA prompt me to 
prioritize every person who sends me email you haven't seen my inbox!
6. You've just made a virus-writers dream.  I can't communicate with 
anyone anymore without an address book--so I have to have *everyone* 
I send mail to in my address book.
7. You need to write custom MUA or MTA software that handles address 
mapping.  In particular you have the problem of any random discussion 
between several people.  I send to three people, they all do a 
reply-all and all of the addresses are wrong for them to send to.  It 
will get through of course--but not at the priority you wanted.  In 
addition, some number of recipients are going to add the address in 
the To to their address book, which isn't what you had in mind at 
all.  And if they send using one of those addresses after I've 
canceled it (the previous owner of that address is on my bad list) 
then I won't get the mail at all.

>
>The technology goes well beyond this, such as computing the product of the
>importance of the email (the "importance" tag as set by the sender) and the
>rating of the sender by the recipient, and using this to rank priority of

You don't need to use custom addresses to do that.  And as mentioned 
above, you'll be getting mail from people to whom you didn't give out 
the private address.  So it isn't a reliable authentication mechanism.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:43:39 -0500

At 12:17 PM +0000 3/18/03, Matt Sergeant wrote:
>I think this would be a good thing to support in content filters.

It's fine for content-filters.  What do you do about spam filters 
that don't look at the content?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 23:03:55 +0000 (GMT)

On Tue, 18 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> At 12:17 PM +0000 3/18/03, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> >I think this would be a good thing to support in content filters.
> 
> It's fine for content-filters.  What do you do about spam filters 
> that don't look at the content?

You don't test those with this test.

Matt.

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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 23:09:50 +0000 (GMT)

On Tue, 18 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> At 12:17 PM +0000 3/18/03, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> >I think this would be a good thing to support in content filters.
> 
> It's fine for content-filters.  What do you do about spam filters 
> that don't look at the content?

Sorry, my last reply was a bit flippant...

What I really should have said is that there are probably 4 stages of 
filters in use right now:

1. IP (connection) filters.
2. Envelope and SMTP command stream based filters.
3. Header filters
4. Body filters (or header+body filters)

You can't create a test for 1. without spoofing the IP address, so we 
won't go there.

We could create a test for 2. (e.g. a fixed MAIL FROM address that has to 
be detected as spam, or a fixed HELO line or something like that).

We could create a test for 3.

We have a test for 4.

So please, feel free to add in suggestions for 2 and 3. I've started the 
groundwork - it won't be too hard to finish it off now.

This is a simple proposal, and doesn't get us anywhere closer to our goal, 
but it is important for end users to be able to check if something is 
working, and if they can make the same test on any bit of software that 
makes it easier for everyone.

Matt.

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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 14:57:57 -0800

At 05:04 PM 3/18/2003 -0500, Damien Morton wrote:
> > From: Steve Schear [mailto:schear@attbi.com]
>
><snip>
>
> > > > How does this work when clients use an open access Wi-Fi link or
> > > > other situations where free and anonymous access is being granted?
> > >
> > >Obviously open servers become a financial liability to the people
> > >running them, but then, that's part of the goal.
> >
> > No, I don't think it is.  The goal of sender-pays is to
> > reduce spam by
> > shifting the burden onto the sender and not the
> > intermediaries, whom ever
> > they may be.  Your alternative might more accurately be called
> > intermediary-pays.
>
>Well intermediary-pays allows the intermediary to set the charging
>policy. They can implement a sender-pays arrangement, they can offer
>sending credits to authenticated members, they can work within a trusted
>group of servers that don't charge each other. It's a very flexible
>system, on top of which sender-pays can be constructed. The point is -
>it turns anybody operating a mailserver into a financially accountable
>entity. It also means that only the relationship between the immediate
>sender and reciever need be considered at the point of sending (even if
>one or both are acting as intermediaries).

It would also probably end anonymous remailers and similar services for 
societal good.


>I like to think of the system as modeled on the relationships between
>national postal services, where each mail server is equivalent to the
>national postal service of a single nation. Every nation (server) has
>its own handling charges, and every nation has its own international
>postage pricing based on their own handling charges and those of the
>destination. Two nations (servers) with identical handling fees sending
>each other the same volume of mail would, at the end of the day, have no
>currency changing hands. In this way cooperating peers would have little
>financial exposure.

I like to think of the Internet as an undifferentiated transport method 
with little intelligence, high performance, agnostic in relationship and 
low cost.  The more value add services that are required at the gateway, 
the greater the costs and the lower the communication freedom.


> > >Nothing stops them from
> > >running free and open servers, but any mail they handle and
> > send on to
> > >other servers will be charged for by the receiving servers, or is
> > >simply not accepted.
> >
>Users wanting unimpeded anonymous communications to reach them would
>tend to migrate to servers with no handling charges.

How many such services do you expect to exist if the servers have to pay 
for email they provide for free.  Few if any. That's why I don't want such 
a system unless and until assured anonymous digital cash systems are in 
place so such servers can charge clients w/o knowing their identity.  As it 
is today no such infrastructure exists.  That's one of the side benefits to 
using bearer postage: it de facto launches such a service and creates the 
infrastructure.


"War is just a racket ... something that is not what it seems to the 
majority of people. Only a small group knows what its about. It is 
conducted for the benefit of the very few at the expense of the 
masses."  --- Major General Smedley Butler, 1933

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Domain-Authorized SMTP Mail
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References: <1048002218.8984.53.camel@david.couchpotato.net> <200303181633.h2IGXNis004737@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> <1048006097.8984.67.camel@david.couchpotato.net>
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 15:01:51 -0800

On Tue, Mar 18, 2003, David Green wrote:
> On Tue, 2003-03-18 at 11:33, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:

> > This goes against a long-standing design principle that SMTP servers should
> > NOT be screwing around with the contents of the headers other than to add
> > a Received: tag.

> The fact that they add a Received tag means that modifying headers is
> not against their design.

It's trivial to add a header, it's harder to modify a header since it
requires parsing which I do not want to do in my MTA.
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam 
In-reply-to: Your message of Tue, 18 Mar 2003 15:44:36 -0600.
             <5.1.0.14.0.20030318151235.00b746c0@mail.SoftHome.net> 
Message-ID: <42482.1048030304@monkeys.com>
From: "Ronald F. Guilmette" <rfg@monkeys.com>
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 15:31:44 -0800


In message <5.1.0.14.0.20030318151235.00b746c0@mail.SoftHome.net>, 
meor@mail.SoftHome.net wrote:

>rfg wrote:
>>I don't see any incentives there for CNN to change its current practices.
>>
>>Were you planning to just send them money?  Or did you figure that
>>they would assign programmers to work on changing their current
>>mailing list practices and software to fit your scheme just because
>>it will seem like fun?
>
>Jesus Christ this list is filled with stupid.  Do you guys effectively 
>argue anything or do you only skim over messages and point out your own 
>ignorance?  I've completely outlined the method I was proposing and only 
>about half of the responses I received were intelligent.  The other half of 
>the responses were either completely ignorant or a thread fracture debating 
>how public keys work.

Thanks for sharing.

And please accept my apologies.  I didn't realize until this moment that
I was in the presence of quite such a profound and infallible intellect.

Now that I know, I am suitably in awe.

>Have you guys ever thought about what happens if you truly do find an 
>original idea that would eliminate SPAM?  What if it wasn't 100% backwards 
>compatible with sendmail?

Then that's a problem.

If you don't understand why it is a problem, then you may perhaps want
to look in your dictionary under the word ``inertia''.

>Do you guys have any sort of plan on how to roll 
>out such a solution across the Internet?

I can't speak for anybody else, but I do.

Unfortunately, if I told you what my idea was, I'd have to kill you.

I'll be able to tell everybody later on.
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar 18 18:42:59 2003
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CC: "'Steve Schear'" <schear@attbi.com>,
        "'Margie Arbon'" <margie@mail-abuse.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Damien Morton wrote:

>Well, a recipient that values their time greatly could sign up with a
>mail system that charges higher handling rates. Per-recipient rates
>might be desireable, but for stopping the mass proliferation of spam,
>its not a necessary feature.
>
All this talk about 'handling rates' and charges and stamps and such... 
how will we make sure that this does not become just another profit 
center? I get visions of an email-system that more and more starts to 
resemble the old telephone system, with artificially inflated rates. Of 
pay-per-mail email boxes for customer service. 'unfortunately we had to 
raise the price for mailing our service department to cover costs'... 
just like the service departments of many companies in Europe, which 
charge by the minute (and make you wait in a queue for many of those 
paid minutes, but that's not relevant in this context).

Email as we have it now is, apart from the problems caused by pollution, 
a valuable and 'free' resource. Not literally free of course, as the 
upkeep of mail servers and mail service does cost quite a lot of money, 
but free as in 'unmetered' and 'unlimited'. This has been tremendously 
important for email to take the role it currently has as a low-barrier 
communications medium. It is because you don't have to think about 
things like 'postage' that email has  taken off the way it has.

I think we need to be very careful not to destroy these characteristics 
of email by artificially inflating the price of participation. Careful, 
also, to keep any monetary barriers from turning into profit centers 
like eg. happened with x509 certificates.

Just my $.02 (not to be taken literally, yet...)

Frank in SF



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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar 18 19:04:01 2003
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Amend the RFC to require reverse DNS 
In-reply-to: Your message of Tue, 18 Mar 2003 13:51:28 -0800.
             <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A3110045@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> 
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 15:56:02 -0800


In message <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A3110045@vhqpostal6.verisign.com>,
"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:

>Assigning a reverse DNS name does not today imply any intention on the 
>part of the reverse IP address maintainer to authorize any use for the
>domain. 

Yes, quite so.

Most specifically, _either_ the presence or, conversely, absense of
rDNS doesn't clearly designate a given IP address as being one which
either the ``owner'' fully intends to act as an outgoing mail server
or conversely as one which the owner DOES NOT intend to act as a mail
server.

But it is often helpful to be aware of exactly such a distinction.  at
the present time, large amounts of spam come from either (a) end-luser
broadband lines where the end-lusers in question are running unsecured
proxy servers (and where they are not even aware that their machines
can send e-mail, directly, via SMTP, to arbitrary other places) or else
(b) from end-luser dialup lines.

I have a simple idea that could be used to classify SMTP client as being
either ``intentional outgoing mail servers'' or not.  And this idea is
largely compatible with existing practice.

Quite simply, if a given SMTP client connects to you and then says:

	HELO d.e.f.g

then you look to see if any of the following names have associated MX
records:

	d.e.f.g
	e.f.g
	f.g
	g

For all MX records found for any of these names, if any of the FQDNs
in any of the MX records resolve to the IP address of the SMTP client
in question, then you know that it is an ``intentional mail server''.
Otherwise, it probably isn't.

My own outgoing mail server... and MANY others... would pass this simple
test, because it greets via `HELO mail.monkeys.com', and if you look for
MXes associated with these FQDNs:

	mail.monkeys.com
	monkeys.com
	com

you will find that the FQDN `monkeys.com' has one, and that it resolves
to the IP addres of my outgoing mail server.  Case closed!  My mail server
_is_ a mail server, and it is a mail server NOT accidentally, but by my
explicit intent.

OK, now somebody will ask  ``What about this thing that just greeted my
incoming mail server as `imo-97.mx.aol.com'.  That is an outbound-only
server for a MAJOR domain and all of the given domain's _inbound_ MXs
are at totally different IP addresses.

No problem.  We just have to figure out some inducement to get AOL
to create a (pseudo) MX record for the FQDN `imo-97.mx.aol.com'...
something like `pseudo-mx.imo-97.mx.aol.com', and then define an
A record for that that points, specifically, to the `imo-97.mx.aol.com'
server.  If they do that, then they will pass the ``Is this an intentional
mail server'' test also.

One last point:  End-lusers on dynamic dialups _could_ theoretically
pass this test also, *if* they make clever use of one of these so-
called ``dynamic DNS'' services.  But there is an esay way to defeat
such shenanigans.  All you have to do is to force your lookups (first
of the MX records and later of the A records associated with those) 
to require ``authoratative'' answers.  Then check the TTLs in those
answers.  If it is 5 minutes or less, then they guy is on a dynamic
dialup line and is using a dynamic DNS service.  Otherwise, he isn't,
and you can count of that mail server being at that same location
for awhile... probably a long while.

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Subject: [Asrg] pre-meeting meeting?
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Anyone on the list who is in SF feel for a pre-meeting meeting, say in 
some local establishment or just the hotel lobby?

Cheers//Frank

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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 14:28:31 -0800 (PST)


I'd be interested. I think today is better as tomorrow sessions go until late
night.

On Wed, 19 Mar 2003, Frank de Lange wrote:

> Anyone on the list who is in SF feel for a pre-meeting meeting, say in 
> some local establishment or just the hotel lobby?
> 
> Cheers//Frank
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:28:09 -0800

On Wed, Mar 19, 2003 at 01:19:31AM +0100, Frank de Lange wrote:
> Anyone on the list who is in SF feel for a pre-meeting meeting, say in 
> some local establishment or just the hotel lobby?

Yes, I think that's a good idea. Just tell me when and where
(best somewhere in the hotel).

Hadmut
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:36:28 -0800

i was just reading an article about google buying blogger, and the 
writer was talking about what makes blogs so interesting; " The 
attraction of blogs is two fold. Firstly, it is the personal and 
uncensored nature of a diary. Secondly has an illicit nature to it. 
It is rather like peeking into someone's private notes." and then it 
hit me!

this idea i've been mulling over for a while now, a new kind of email 
all together, a system that would operate like a bbs, P2P network, a 
blog, an IM client and email all rolled into one. a system that would 
be invulnerable to spam. it would operate in two basic parts:

first the account part; a person would sign up for a free account 
that would basically be some private http webspace, say 20MB on a 
server. to access this account the subscriber would require a 
password just like hotmail or tripod. the space would be set up 
similar to blogger or a bbs, but the data entry form would look more 
like an email client. to post content

the second part would be the public portal. the idea is that a 
contact would first visit your account page, where they would have 
one of two options; entering in their own personal contact 
information to ask permission to be added to your contact list, or a 
login, wich would allow them to receive messages from you, if they 
were already on your contact list.

this is how they would be linked together:

jessica visits http://matt.webspacehost.com views matt's bio and 
wants to write matt. so jessica fills in her personal contact info 
requesting a unique login and password id for 
http://matt.webspacehost.com - this request is then posted to matt's 
public portal where he can decide if he wants to allow jessica access 
to his virtual domain. the difference between matt's login/pw and 
jessica's login/pw is a simple matter of permissions. matt's id has 
administrator privilages and allows him access to every part of his 
virtual domain, while jessica's login only allows her access to her 
own page within matt's virtual domain. when matt confirms jessica's 
request she get's her own page: jessica's page within matt's virtual 
domain where she can post messages to matt and where he likewise can 
post replies- no one outside of jessica and matt would have access to 
this page as it would not be public.

so anyway, that's the main idea. im sure there are lots of concerns 
that people would have by this point, so please ask some questions 
and i will answer them and think up solutions.

here are some additional notes:

with a little java a built in http based realtime IM engine could be 
built in, message post pages could alternately function as chat logs.

the public portal could work as a blog/bbs for advanced users, or as 
just email for those who don't want to get that complicated.

for p2p files could be uploaded and exchanged on users secure post 
pages, like streamloader, or other similar online file lockers.

etc. etc. etc.
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> From: Frank de Lange
>
> All this talk about 'handling rates' and charges and stamps 
> and such... 
> how will we make sure that this does not become just another profit 
> center? I get visions of an email-system that more and more starts to 
> resemble the old telephone system, with artificially inflated 
> rates. Of 
> pay-per-mail email boxes for customer service. 'unfortunately 
> we had to 
> raise the price for mailing our service department to cover costs'... 
> just like the service departments of many companies in Europe, which 
> charge by the minute (and make you wait in a queue for many of those 
> paid minutes, but that's not relevant in this context).

A very valid concern.
 
> Email as we have it now is, apart from the problems caused by 
> pollution, 
> a valuable and 'free' resource. Not literally free of course, as the 
> upkeep of mail servers and mail service does cost quite a lot 
> of money, 
> but free as in 'unmetered' and 'unlimited'. This has been 
> tremendously 
> important for email to take the role it currently has as a 
> low-barrier 
> communications medium. It is because you don't have to think about 
> things like 'postage' that email has  taken off the way it has.

Email certainly wouldn't have take off the way it has if it was charged
for in the same way SMS is.

> I think we need to be very careful not to destroy these 
> characteristics 
> of email by artificially inflating the price of 
> participation. Careful, 
> also, to keep any monetary barriers from turning into profit centers 
> like eg. happened with x509 certificates.
> 
> Just my $.02 (not to be taken literally, yet...)
> 
> Frank in SF

I guess I was picturing a system in which money was used to redress
imbalances between net senders of email and net receivers of email.
That's why I was talking in terms of payment (of some kind) between
servers rather than between end-users. I was imagining a system in which
communicating peers, exchanging equal quantities of mail, would need no
monetary reconciliation. Im assuming that an ISP's or companies' mail
server, barring spam, produces and consumes roughly the same amount of
mail. 

Your points are well taken, however.





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william@elan.net wrote:

>I'd be interested. I think today is better as tomorrow sessions go until late
>night.
>  
>
Agree. How about meeting up in the lobby around 18:30? Anyone interested 
just show up. Just look for the person with the laptop computer, that 
should make it easy to recognize us...

Uhhh, wait a moment... Right.

Anyway, lobby, 18:30 (or any other similar proposal), I'm wearing a 
black HIP '97 T-shirt...

Frank

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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 17:43:14 -0700


>
>Except that Utah's law was just resounding defeated in its first test in 
>court and
>the written judgement makes it difficult to ever collect from sleazy 
>spammer and impossible from a 'honest' (or at least open) one

Yes.  But I am sure that they will be updating the spam laws here in 
Utah.  (In fact, I know they are.)

Anyway, this case was defeated partly because the person had "opted-in" to 
a list that was then sold to Sprint.  The judge simply said that since he 
had opted-in that Sprint had  the right to send him e-mail.  So, while this 
person was defeated, it wasn't a real test of the law.

I am working with the legislators here and attempting to try to get some 
guidelines put into the legislation. For example, all opt-in lists must 
contain information about when/how the person opted in and it must be 
contained in the e-mail and if someone opts out from the originating list 
then the person with the list must contact all those that they sold it to 
and notify them that you opted out.

-Art
-- 
Art Pollard
http://www.lextek.com/
Suppliers of High Performance Text Retrieval Engines.

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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 19:33:45 -0500

Ok. When do you guys want to get together? Early like 5:30pm or later like
9pm?

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hadmut Danisch [mailto:hadmut@danisch.de] 
> Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 7:28 PM
> To: Frank de Lange
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] pre-meeting meeting?
> 
> 
> On Wed, Mar 19, 2003 at 01:19:31AM +0100, Frank de Lange wrote:
> > Anyone on the list who is in SF feel for a pre-meeting 
> meeting, say in
> > some local establishment or just the hotel lobby?
> 
> Yes, I think that's a good idea. Just tell me when and where 
> (best somewhere in the hotel).
> 
> Hadmut
> _______________________________________________
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> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:46:58 -0800

I'd prefer early, but late is fine too. But I need to know soon, 
since I still have to do some shopping today.

Hadmut
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From: Rob Siemborski <rjs3@andrew.cmu.edu>
To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
cc: Frank de Lange <frank@unternet.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] pre-meeting meeting?
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 19:43:09 -0500 (EST)

On Tue, 18 Mar 2003, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> On Wed, Mar 19, 2003 at 01:19:31AM +0100, Frank de Lange wrote:
> > Anyone on the list who is in SF feel for a pre-meeting meeting, say in
> > some local establishment or just the hotel lobby?
>
> Yes, I think that's a good idea. Just tell me when and where
> (best somewhere in the hotel).

I would be interested in attending a meeting tonight.  I have a dinner
meeting so something somewhat later would be better.

-Rob

-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Rob Siemborski | Andrew Systems Group * Research Systems Programmer
PGP:0x5CE32FCC | Cyert Hall 207 * rjs3@andrew.cmu.edu * 412.268.7456
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From: "Dave Lampert" <dlampert_c640993e_b876_4465_bf0e_964d0c4b0a35@homeai.com>
To: "Kee Hinckley" <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Gray list: rating of associates
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 19:46:43 -0500
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Original thread message:
https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg01552.html


Kee,

All good points... there's no perfect solution, but let me address your
constructive criticism point-by-point:


1. Yes, these long addresses containing GUIDs are hard to remember.
Therefore, you do need an address book. I generally email from a single
machine, so I don't feel that same pain of needing to send mail from
multiple machines. Maybe there are some stats on how many people use
multiple machines for routine emailing.

2. If you and your friends find it easy to use this approach, then do so.
Each of you has to only click the "grant" and "accept" button once in the
ASP software, and you've exchanged private email addresses for each other.
After that, emailing is just as simple as sending is now, assuming you use
an address book (or have super-human memory and fast fingers!) If you don't
want to annoy anyone (the kind of person who likes to please everyone), then
check your regular email address once every week or so, but the friends who
cared enough to click a few buttons as a one-time setup would get faster
response than once a week.

3. Yes, you're right that you still have the spam mail to read if you want,
but at least you can segregate it from authenticated email. Many users will
probably want to use a "vacation" type auto-reply that says "your message
landed in my anyone-and-everyone folder... I'll read it sometime before the
22nd century, or you can call me and we'll exchange high-priority email
addresses with each other...". You could also run spam content filters on
your unsolicited mail folder, risking false positives.

4. (humor) This is an unforeseen benefit of this solution: annoy all your
friends so they never write to you again, and then you can safely conclude
all the remaining emails are spam! :) (seriously) Some will set this up, but
in an open-standards world, everyone can do as they wish.

5. There are several approaches we've started: a custom MUA, a custom MTA,
or both. The most likely to occur quickly is a custom MTA alone. Many MUA's
already handle sorting messages by importance tag, so the custom MTA would
modify the importance tag when it auto-forwards email to the final account
for POP3/IMAP pickup. For example, if I get a "high importance" message from
you at dlampert_<GUID>@homeai.com, it'll forward perhaps as a "low
importance" (no insult intended) message to
dlampert_the_real_shady@homeai.com (no, that's not the real account, and
everyone has their own real account). No need to change your MUA; however,
other benefits come from a custom MUA plug-in.

6. Good point. Obviously, if you store everyone in your address book, and a
virus gets your address book, that's not good. (humor) Just like robot.txt,
let's have a virus.txt with content "desire-to-be-infected=0". That should
stop all viruses! :)

7. Example: if Ian rated Jane a 90%, and Jane gives to Kim this email
address "ian_<GUID-for-Jane>@...", then, yes, Kim has the same access to Ian
that Jane would (90%). The system, however, supports referral and
introduction actions done through the same web site console as striking up
conversations.


Overall, this proposed system is just slighly more difficult than just
sending someone an email. It requires at least a few clicks ONE TIME to
strike up a friendship, etc. But the advantage is that we don't need to
overhaul the whole SMTP system. Yes, eventually an overhaul may be the way
to go, but by that time, I'll have my HMD and data gloves on while
participating in an IETF panel remotely from Fiji.

Keep the constructive criticism coming...

-Dave "VR Fiji" Lampert

-----Original Message-----
From: Kee Hinckley [mailto:nazgul@somewhere.com]
Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 5:36 PM
To: Dave Lampert
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Gray list: rating of associates


1. Now nobody can remember your email address.  They have to have
their address book with them on every machine they send email from.
Otherwise it ends up in your "deal with later" bin.  (And it's real
easy to miss that one real message when 90% of the stuff in the bin
is spam.)
2. You annoy your friends.  Initiating a discussion becomes a pain.
You also annoy strangers by sending them a new contact address that
they don't want.
3. You still have to read every email message that comes into the
main address, because you are never sure whether it's spam or someone
legit trying to talk to you (in other words, same as now).
4. If not #3, then you need a challenge response system, which
*really* annoys your friends.
5. You need to write a custom MUA that handles this whole priority
system. And if you think I'm going to let my MUA prompt me to
prioritize every person who sends me email you haven't seen my inbox!
6. You've just made a virus-writers dream.  I can't communicate with
anyone anymore without an address book--so I have to have *everyone*
I send mail to in my address book.
7. You need to write custom MUA or MTA software that handles address
mapping.  In particular you have the problem of any random discussion
between several people.  I send to three people, they all do a
reply-all and all of the addresses are wrong for them to send to.  It
will get through of course--but not at the priority you wanted.  In
addition, some number of recipients are going to add the address in
the To to their address book, which isn't what you had in mind at
all.  And if they send using one of those addresses after I've
canceled it (the previous owner of that address is on my bad list)
then I won't get the mail at all.

You don't need to use custom addresses to do that.  And as mentioned
above, you'll be getting mail from people to whom you didn't give out
the private address.  So it isn't a reliable authentication mechanism.
--
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.

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Rob Siemborski wrote:

>
>I would be interested in attending a meeting tonight.  I have a dinner
>meeting so something somewhat later would be better.
>

20:30 or 21:00, Hotel Lobby?

Frank

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Frank de Lange <frank@unternet.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] pre-meeting meeting?
Message-ID: <20030319005733.GA19482@danisch.de>
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:57:33 -0800

On Wed, Mar 19, 2003 at 01:40:15AM +0100, Frank de Lange wrote:

> just show up. Just look for the person with the laptop computer, that 
> should make it easy to recognize us...
> 
> Uhhh, wait a moment... Right.

Hey, I am easy to recognize: I'm the one who's laptop has a wavelan
card. :-) 



> Anyway, lobby, 18:30 (or any other similar proposal), I'm wearing a 
> black HIP '97 T-shirt...

I'm wearing a grey polo shirt, but maybe we should define the 
position in the lobby more precisely (even if GPS might be 
turned off or heavily distorted).

I'll propose to meet somewhere near to the concierge's counter.


Hadmut




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Frank de Lange wrote:

> Anyone on the list who is in SF feel for a pre-meeting meeting, say in 
> some local establishment or just the hotel lobby?
>
> Cheers//Frank
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

OK, early meeting 17:30-18:00, could go for food as well, late meeting 
21:00. I'll be in the lobby at 17:30, if nobody shows up before 18:00 
I'll find myself something to eat, back at 21:00. Black HIP '97 T-shirt.

Cheers//Frank

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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 19:47:23 -0500


Ok. 5:30pm at the bar by the lobby. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hadmut Danisch [mailto:hadmut@danisch.de] 
> Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 7:47 PM
> To: Paul Judge
> Cc: 'Frank de Lange'; 'asrg@ietf.org'
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] pre-meeting meeting?
> 
> 
> I'd prefer early, but late is fine too. But I need to know soon, 
> since I still have to do some shopping today.
> 
> Hadmut
> 
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From: Rob Siemborski <rjs3@andrew.cmu.edu>
To: Frank de Lange <frank@unternet.org>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] pre-meeting meeting?
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 19:55:40 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 19 Mar 2003, Frank de Lange wrote:

> Rob Siemborski wrote:
>
> >
> >I would be interested in attending a meeting tonight.  I have a dinner
> >meeting so something somewhat later would be better.
> >
>
> 20:30 or 21:00, Hotel Lobby?

2100 in the lobby sounds good.

Thanks,

-Rob

-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Rob Siemborski | Andrew Systems Group * Research Systems Programmer
PGP:0x5CE32FCC | Cyert Hall 207 * rjs3@andrew.cmu.edu * 412.268.7456
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] pre-meeting meeting?
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 02:05:51 +0100
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Hadmut Danisch wrote:

>On Wed, Mar 19, 2003 at 01:40:15AM +0100, Frank de Lange wrote:
>
>  
>
>>just show up. Just look for the person with the laptop computer, that 
>>should make it easy to recognize us...
>>
>>Uhhh, wait a moment... Right.
>>    
>>
>
>Hey, I am easy to recognize: I'm the one who's laptop has a wavelan
>card. :-) 
>
>
>
>  
>
>>Anyway, lobby, 18:30 (or any other similar proposal), I'm wearing a 
>>black HIP '97 T-shirt...
>>    
>>
>
>I'm wearing a grey polo shirt, but maybe we should define the 
>position in the lobby more precisely (even if GPS might be 
>turned off or heavily distorted).
>
>I'll propose to meet somewhere near to the concierge's counter.
>
Ack, first session 17:30, bar, lobby, then 21:00, may I suggest 
bar@lobby again?

Frank



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From: Rob Siemborski <rjs3@andrew.cmu.edu>
To: Frank de Lange <frank@unternet.org>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] pre-meeting meeting?
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 20:09:38 -0500 (EST)

On Wed, 19 Mar 2003, Frank de Lange wrote:

> >I'll propose to meet somewhere near to the concierge's counter.
> >
> Ack, first session 17:30, bar, lobby, then 21:00, may I suggest
> bar@lobby again?

Sounds fine to me.  Hopefully I'll be able to find you guys at 2100.  I'm
wearing a grey flanel and a green shirt.

-Rob

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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 17:16:40 -0800

At 12:41 AM 3/19/2003 +0100, Frank de Lange wrote:
>Damien Morton wrote:
>
>>Well, a recipient that values their time greatly could sign up with a
>>mail system that charges higher handling rates. Per-recipient rates
>>might be desireable, but for stopping the mass proliferation of spam,
>>its not a necessary feature.
>All this talk about 'handling rates' and charges and stamps and such... 
>how will we make sure that this does not become just another profit 
>center? I get visions of an email-system that more and more starts to 
>resemble the old telephone system, with artificially inflated rates. Of 
>pay-per-mail email boxes for customer service. 'unfortunately we had to 
>raise the price for mailing our service department to cover costs'... just 
>like the service departments of many companies in Europe, which charge by 
>the minute (and make you wait in a queue for many of those paid minutes, 
>but that's not relevant in this context).
>
>Email as we have it now is, apart from the problems caused by pollution, a 
>valuable and 'free' resource. Not literally free of course, as the upkeep 
>of mail servers and mail service does cost quite a lot of money, but free 
>as in 'unmetered' and 'unlimited'. This has been tremendously important 
>for email to take the role it currently has as a low-barrier 
>communications medium. It is because you don't have to think about things 
>like 'postage' that email has  taken off the way it has.
>
>I think we need to be very careful not to destroy these characteristics of 
>email by artificially inflating the price of participation. Careful, also, 
>to keep any monetary barriers from turning into profit centers like eg. 
>happened with x509 certificates.
>
>Just my $.02 (not to be taken literally, yet...)

One of my friends, who is also a supporter of sender-pays, raised similar 
concerns that ISPs and other intermediaries might move to do just 
that.  That's another reason that the intermediaries should not have any 
hand, unless a user agrees to have their ISP proxy for them, in handling 
the sender-pays settlement process.  The more we ask commercial entities to 
become involved if there is money on the table, the more likely that free 
email of any kind could vanish.

That's why I support initial implementation of sender-pays using 
Proof-of-Work postage.  Since no monetary value is conferred between the 
end-points there is no financial interest to whet the appetite of the 
intermediaries.  Once this infrastructure is in place end-to-end some 
parties can then elect to charge real money to meter their mailbox, but by 
that time the technology will be familiar and mostly invisible to the end-user.

steve

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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 17:18:00 -0800

I think this is going to be essential. Lets do it today in the lobby after
the 5pm sessions end.

The 'research group' session has been moved to a room with 400 seats and
likely to fill many of them. So forget any chance of discussing the merits
of a resource record bit map.

This is an opportunity to sell a number of core decision influencers in the
Internet community of the need to take spam seriously, that there are
approaches that have a good chance of success and that they should be
engaged in case they find the protocols go in a direction they do not like.

	Phill

-----Original Message-----
From: william@elan.net [mailto:william@elan.net]
Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 2:29 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] pre-meeting meeting?



I'd be interested. I think today is better as tomorrow sessions go until
late
night.

On Wed, 19 Mar 2003, Frank de Lange wrote:

> Anyone on the list who is in SF feel for a pre-meeting meeting, say in 
> some local establishment or just the hotel lobby?
> 
> Cheers//Frank
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 20:22:43 -0500 (EST)

> From: "Lee Murach" <lemur@codemode.com>

> A sends a message to B.  B sends it back to A, whereupon A resends the =
> message to B.  The result: B receives A's message, and A learns B's spam =
> code.

Think for a second what happens if this is widely implemented.

Evil spammer sends spam to B, claiming it's from A.  B sends it to A,
and because A is nice and well behaved, it learns B's spam code and
replies.  B gets the spam anyway.

Of course, you can finesse the protocol by having A not respond to
messages it knows it didn't send, but the book-keeping gets onerous
for large organizations.  And if the challenge/response is implemented
in the MUA, A has to deal with "reflected" spam.

> But the spammer, assuming he doesn't already know the codes, will be =
> obliglied to receive and process replies from each recipient in order to =
> learn them.  This is scarcely practical.

Why not?  Domains cost $10/year.  It's no sweat to set up a domain and
a Linux box for a day just to do the handshaking.  You disappear the
next day.

This is another kind of challenge-response system, but the response is
too easily automated, and the extra traffic is not justifiable.

--
David.
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'william@elan.net'" <william@elan.net>,
        "Hallam-Baker, Phillip"
	 <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] pre-meeting meeting?
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 17:40:01 -0800

We are currently sitting in the BAR, next to the pilar that is closest to
the entrance and the fence.

There is BEER here, there are no beverages where you are.

Your call.

	Phill

-----Original Message-----
From: william@elan.net [mailto:william@elan.net]
Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 3:42 PM
To: Hallam-Baker, Phillip
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] pre-meeting meeting?


I doubt anybody would come at 5pm (isn't it already 5:30?), most look at 
later time. Anyway I'm now in lobby sitting near the far left column 
(if looking from the entrance there are 6 of them) and I'm trying to work 
on asrg presentation on my toshiba laptop... 

I would like to finish our small meeting by 9pm, I still have to take 
BART to Fremont and from there on drive 30+ minutes home and tomorrow up 
at 6:30 to get here.

On Tue, 18 Mar 2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

> I think this is going to be essential. Lets do it today in the lobby after
> the 5pm sessions end.
> 
> The 'research group' session has been moved to a room with 400 seats and
> likely to fill many of them. So forget any chance of discussing the merits
> of a resource record bit map.
> 
> This is an opportunity to sell a number of core decision influencers in
the
> Internet community of the need to take spam seriously, that there are
> approaches that have a good chance of success and that they should be
> engaged in case they find the protocols go in a direction they do not
like.
> 
> 	Phill
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: william@elan.net [mailto:william@elan.net]
> Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 2:29 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] pre-meeting meeting?
> 
> 
> 
> I'd be interested. I think today is better as tomorrow sessions go until
> late
> night.
> 
> On Wed, 19 Mar 2003, Frank de Lange wrote:
> 
> > Anyone on the list who is in SF feel for a pre-meeting meeting, say in 
> > some local establishment or just the hotel lobby?
> > 
> > Cheers//Frank
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] pre-meeting meeting?
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 15:42:07 -0800 (PST)

I doubt anybody would come at 5pm (isn't it already 5:30?), most look at 
later time. Anyway I'm now in lobby sitting near the far left column 
(if looking from the entrance there are 6 of them) and I'm trying to work 
on asrg presentation on my toshiba laptop... 

I would like to finish our small meeting by 9pm, I still have to take 
BART to Fremont and from there on drive 30+ minutes home and tomorrow up 
at 6:30 to get here.

On Tue, 18 Mar 2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

> I think this is going to be essential. Lets do it today in the lobby after
> the 5pm sessions end.
> 
> The 'research group' session has been moved to a room with 400 seats and
> likely to fill many of them. So forget any chance of discussing the merits
> of a resource record bit map.
> 
> This is an opportunity to sell a number of core decision influencers in the
> Internet community of the need to take spam seriously, that there are
> approaches that have a good chance of success and that they should be
> engaged in case they find the protocols go in a direction they do not like.
> 
> 	Phill
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: william@elan.net [mailto:william@elan.net]
> Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 2:29 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] pre-meeting meeting?
> 
> 
> 
> I'd be interested. I think today is better as tomorrow sessions go until
> late
> night.
> 
> On Wed, 19 Mar 2003, Frank de Lange wrote:
> 
> > Anyone on the list who is in SF feel for a pre-meeting meeting, say in 
> > some local establishment or just the hotel lobby?
> > 
> > Cheers//Frank
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar 18 21:28:10 2003
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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] pre-meeting meeting?
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:27:45 -0800 (PST)

But I want to work right now. By 8pm, I'll get tired so I guess lets meet 
near the BAR then. I think most will come at around 8pm.

On Tue, 18 Mar 2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

> We are currently sitting in the BAR, next to the pilar that is closest to
> the entrance and the fence.
> 
> There is BEER here, there are no beverages where you are.
> 
> Your call.
> 
> 	Phill
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: william@elan.net [mailto:william@elan.net]
> Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 3:42 PM
> To: Hallam-Baker, Phillip
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] pre-meeting meeting?
> 
> 
> I doubt anybody would come at 5pm (isn't it already 5:30?), most look at 
> later time. Anyway I'm now in lobby sitting near the far left column 
> (if looking from the entrance there are 6 of them) and I'm trying to work 
> on asrg presentation on my toshiba laptop... 
> 
> I would like to finish our small meeting by 9pm, I still have to take 
> BART to Fremont and from there on drive 30+ minutes home and tomorrow up 
> at 6:30 to get here.
> 
> On Tue, 18 Mar 2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> 
> > I think this is going to be essential. Lets do it today in the lobby after
> > the 5pm sessions end.
> > 
> > The 'research group' session has been moved to a room with 400 seats and
> > likely to fill many of them. So forget any chance of discussing the merits
> > of a resource record bit map.
> > 
> > This is an opportunity to sell a number of core decision influencers in
> the
> > Internet community of the need to take spam seriously, that there are
> > approaches that have a good chance of success and that they should be
> > engaged in case they find the protocols go in a direction they do not
> like.
> > 
> > 	Phill
> > 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: william@elan.net [mailto:william@elan.net]
> > Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 2:29 PM
> > To: asrg@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [Asrg] pre-meeting meeting?
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > I'd be interested. I think today is better as tomorrow sessions go until
> > late
> > night.
> > 
> > On Wed, 19 Mar 2003, Frank de Lange wrote:
> > 
> > > Anyone on the list who is in SF feel for a pre-meeting meeting, say in 
> > > some local establishment or just the hotel lobby?
> > > 
> > > Cheers//Frank
> > > 
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Asrg mailing list
> > > Asrg@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> > 
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> > 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar 18 21:35:43 2003
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] pre-meeting meeting? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:27:45 PST."
             <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303181626490.14632-100000@sokol.elan.net> 
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:21:01 -0500

  There is a group of ~6 people currently in the hotel bar area, in
the section away from the lobby, under two TV's which have been turned
off.  We should be here for a while.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200303190337.h2J3b47F024907@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Testing content filters
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 20:37:04 -0700 (MST)

> From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>

> One thing the anti-virus people got right is the ability to test 
> anti-virus engines by passing through a non-viral file that is by 
> de-facto detected as a virus by the vendors engines. This file is 
> called EICAR, and is a simple .COM executable that does nothing but 
> trigger AV engines.
>
> In order to provide something similar for spam content filters, I 
> created something similar for spam. We put support for this into the 
> SpamAssassin project and notified some other creators of spam content 
> filters. Unfortunately they all ignored us.
>
> I think this would be a good thing to support in content filters.
>
> We called this thing "GTUBE" (Generic Test for UBE), and you can find 
> the email that should be stopped at 
> http://spamassassin.planetmirror.com/dist/t/data/spam/gtube.eml (note 
> the headers are abitrary - it is the long string in the body of the 
> message that should be detected).
>
> The email is designed in such a way that it should not be munged by any 
> gateways.
>
> I urge other vendors of anti-spam content filters to support this. It's 
> trivial, but it gives users the power to test that their filter is 
> working.
>
> I also think this would be something worth standardising through the 
> IETF.

That sounds like a good thing to have, but nothing that should involve
the IETF (not to mention the IRTF).  The IETF cannot standardize anything
in less than 6 months and often neeeds a year or two.  By the time such
a test case were standardized, the spammers would have stopped some
behaviors and started others, making the RFC of only theoretic or historic
interest.

More fundamentally, you don't want to standardize the test case, but
to publish or exchange the current version of the test data.  IETF
standards are about ensuring interoperability, and are cast in stone.
It takes almost as much work to issue a replacement RFC as to create
the original, but you'd want at least quarterly updates for your test.

That the business models of anti-virus and anti-spam services differ
might be a more serious and fundamental problem.  Anti-virus protection
needs to be perfect,and so AV vendors can cooperate.  Anti-spam
protection is allowed and expected to be imperfect, so anti-spam
vendors are able to keep some of their patterns or whatever secret
to compete in customer tests.

This is not to say that you can't publish a non-working-group
Informational RFC, but that you should not be disappointed when it
joins the 95% of RFCs that are write-only/read-never.

As an asside, note that contrary one reading of the suggestion,
effective ilters need to deal with the modifications inflicted on mail
by gateways.  For example, somethings seem to encoded and decode
quoted-printable...never mind why or whether they should.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar 19 00:32:17 2003
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This list is, in my definition, spam. 

Not because it is unsolicited.
Not because the message aren't useful or interesting (or infuriating)

It is effectively spam because the email system and tools makes it too
difficult to manage and work with the messages.

Our current email systems are a very bad metaphor. Sure, I've written
enough of my own email programs and systems over the last forty years
and don't apologize for it. Even sold some. The problem is that people
seem to think that the current approach really scales when it's really
just the best we could implement in an afternoon.

On issue, as I mentioned in a previous message
(http://www.frankston.com/?name=spamfixation) is the think of the email
address as a capability and not ones "real" name. And, along with it,
stop using meaningful names in the DSN because they don't work confuse
the innocent and unravel since they are recycled.

There is a concept of a message (either stand alone or in a context).
Email exchanges messages and news services manage pools of them
(NNTP/IMAP4). Lotus Notes did a good job of melding them but the UI is
very clunky by today's standards and it has wandered into IBM corporate
requirements.

The first step, as I note, is to give me the ability to manage my
attention. Knowing why I get the message is a start. The ability to view
and access and share messages is the next issue. That's mostly an app
issue though the IETF can help by standardizing markers for messages as
additional header fields. (or, if appropriate, envelope fields - SMTP
has a design error in that it doesn't preserve the envelope).

These are separable efforts. Since the message is a unit it can be
transported via the existing store and forward SMTP system. MIME is a
good example of that. Of course, the message must be encrypted for an
end-to-end solution. This moots content filtering though it also becomes
moot since you won't be barraged with so many messages to your one true
identity. Of course, you will then have to take responsibility for the
safety of active messages but you can install various anti-virus and
other tools to assist but nothing will protect you against the urgent
warning to type "deltree /y c:\".

The question then is what the purpose of this list is. Is it just a
quick hack to create a temporary invasive solution to problems caused by
a bad metaphor?

Or is to think about architecture issues that provide a long term
approach which gives us mechanisms to create our own solutions?


_______________________________________________
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This list is, in my definition, spam. 

Not because it is unsolicited.
Not because the message aren't useful or interesting (or infuriating)

It is effectively spam because the email system and tools makes it too
difficult to manage and work with the messages.

Our current email systems are a very bad metaphor. Sure, I've written
enough of my own email programs and systems over the last forty years
and don't apologize for it. Even sold some. The problem is that people
seem to think that the current approach really scales when it's really
just the best we could implement in an afternoon.

On issue, as I mentioned in a previous message
(http://www.frankston.com/?name=spamfixation) is the think of the email
address as a capability and not ones "real" name. And, along with it,
stop using meaningful names in the DSN because they don't work confuse
the innocent and unravel since they are recycled.

There is a concept of a message (either stand alone or in a context).
Email exchanges messages and news services manage pools of them
(NNTP/IMAP4). Lotus Notes did a good job of melding them but the UI is
very clunky by today's standards and it has wandered into IBM corporate
requirements.

The first step, as I note, is to give me the ability to manage my
attention. Knowing why I get the message is a start. The ability to view
and access and share messages is the next issue. That's mostly an app
issue though the IETF can help by standardizing markers for messages as
additional header fields. (or, if appropriate, envelope fields - SMTP
has a design error in that it doesn't preserve the envelope).

These are separable efforts. Since the message is a unit it can be
transported via the existing store and forward SMTP system. MIME is a
good example of that. Of course, the message must be encrypted for an
end-to-end solution. This moots content filtering though it also becomes
moot since you won't be barraged with so many messages to your one true
identity. Of course, you will then have to take responsibility for the
safety of active messages but you can install various anti-virus and
other tools to assist but nothing will protect you against the urgent
warning to type "deltree /y c:\".

The question then is what the purpose of this list is. Is it just a
quick hack to create a temporary invasive solution to problems caused by
a bad metaphor?

Or is to think about architecture issues that provide a long term
approach which gives us mechanisms to create our own solutions?


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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--==_Exmh_-1939135232P
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 20:37:04 MST, Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>  said:

> More fundamentally, you don't want to standardize the test case, but
> to publish or exchange the current version of the test data.  IETF
> standards are about ensuring interoperability, and are cast in stone.
> It takes almost as much work to issue a replacement RFC as to create
> the original, but you'd want at least quarterly updates for your test.

The EICAR test "virus" is useful specifically *because* its standardized
and is *not* updated quarterly to track the latest virus trends.  It exists
for exactly ONE reason - to validate the following assertion:

*IF* something trips the scanner, an action is taken.

I've mailed myself copies of EICAR plenty of times, specifically to test
that things do what I want - I'd rather have an unquarantined copy of EICAR
than mail myself a copy of Klez and find out it didn't get quarantined.. ;)

An EICAR-SPAM test file would be equally useful for content-based antispam,
as you could mail yourself a copy to test that you bounced spam, rather than
have to wait to get on a spammer list to find out.

--==_Exmh_-1939135232P
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--==_Exmh_-1939135232P--
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 00:38:24 -0500

At 10:32 AM -0500 3/18/03, David Green wrote:
>On Tue, 2003-03-18 at 04:16, John Rumpelein wrote:
>>  *Identification* is often problematic.  How do you identify the individual
>>  responsible for sending you a piece of spam?  This is a non-trivial problem.
>
>If you're not talking about digital signatures, you need only identify
>the ISP IMO. The ISP can further sub-identify it's users if it so
>chooses, since only it knows who really sent the email.

There are plenty of people reporting abuse to ISPs right now.  There 
are entire services dedicated to it, and most ISPs have lots of 
people on their staff handling those complaints.  However it doesn't 
have a significant impact on spam.  Losing the sending account is 
simply part of the cost of business for a spammer.  And of course 
there are certain countries whose ISPs never respond to abuse 
requests.  Unfortunately that doesn't mean that we can afford to stop 
receiving email from them.

However, anything that makes identifying the ISP more reliable is 
certainly a boon.  The number of false reports is way too high.  And 
a reliable mechanism would make it easier for MUAs to auto-report 
spam.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 23:32:31 -0500

At 1:07 PM -0400 3/18/03, Ian Wilson wrote:
>brings me to my question,   It seems rather easy for me to use 
>filters in Outlook Express to filter a great deal of this trash, 
>which makes me wonder if it isn't just as easy to do at the Mail 
>Server.  Could my ISP filter as much of this junk as I now do, and 
>if so isn't putting pressure on our ISP's a good place to start.

When you make a mistake with your filter, you find the good message 
in the spam folder and move it out.  When your ISP makes a mistake, 
you never get the message.  When you get a message with Viagra in the 
subject, you filter it to the spam folder.  When someone at Pfizer 
does, it's an important message.

So, ISPs can filter.  But it's not that easy.  In fact, most major 
ISPs *are* filtering.  But they can't block everything without 
blocking too much real email.

>indicates the SPAMMERS didn't actually send the message using Yahoo. 
>This makes me wonder is it possible, at the mail server level to 
>check and see if a return address is forged?

Currently, no.  That is one the primary discussion areas on this 
list.  It's complicated by the fact that "forging" the return address 
is something that people do all the time.  You send personal mail 
from work and set the return to your hotmail address.  You send work 
mail from home and set the return to your work address.  Both 
reasonable things to want to do.

>they are offering.  It seemed to indicate that it would use the 
>resources of everyone who subscribes to gather a database of 
>SPAMMERS.  When one arrives at my mail box I bounce it in the normal 
>way, and that bounced message is

No comments on specific solutions.  The general problems with systems 
like that are
1. False positives.  One group of people thinks that the mail they 
get from Classmates.com is spam, another thinks it's not.  If too 
many people report it as spam, the second group loses.
2. Coming up with algorithms that detect bulk spam.  The spammers 
send out thousands or even tens of thousands of different variations 
of the same message.  Many of those variations aren't visible to your 
eye (hidden codes in the message)--but software that tries to detect 
similarities needs to detect the "eye space"--what you see, not what 
is actually there.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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To: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Testing content filters
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 00:45:51 -0500

At 11:09 PM +0000 3/18/03, Matt Sergeant wrote:
>So please, feel free to add in suggestions for 2 and 3. I've started the
>groundwork - it won't be too hard to finish it off now.

Just to clarify.  The goal of this is to have a tag that indicates 
that your software is indeed installed and functioning?  If that's 
the case, couldn't we just establish an X-something header and use 
the same tag?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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To: "Lee Murach" <lemur@codemode.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] spam-shake: an anti-spam e-mail protocol
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 23:49:33 -0500

At 2:29 PM -0800 3/18/03, Lee Murach wrote:
>But the spammer, assuming he doesn't already know the codes, will be 
>obliglied to receive and process replies from each recipient in 
>order to learn them.  This is scarcely practical.  Neither is it

Is this implemented in the MTA or the MUA?  If the MTA, then what 
happens when the spammer sends using a real return address (say a 
temporary hotmail account, or that of an innocent bystander)?

Temp account case:
A sends to B with own spam code
B returns to A asking for a resend with the new code
A resends with new code.

Forged account case:
A sends to B with fake spam code
B returns to A asking for a resend with the new code
A gets the message and does one of two things
1. tosses the message because it's a resend request with the wrong 
code--unfortunately that would mean that you couldn't change your 
code without first making sure that all outstanding email had cleared
2. sends mail to B asking for a resend with the real code - then the 
protocol continues until the message gets through.

And of course it really is a change to the protocol at that level, 
since it drastically changes the behavior of the MTA.

If it's implemented in the MUA then this essentially becomes a 
challenge response system (without the need to prove that the remote 
sender is a human being).

In either MUA or MTA case, you clearly can't do the auto-reply until 
you see mail with the Spam: header.  Anything else won't properly 
respond.  So you have to let it through without challenging.

Now we apply the patented "where's the incentive" test.

1% Adoption - the spammers clearly don't use the header.  None of 
your friends use the header.  So you still get as much spam as ever.

10% Adoption - the spammers don't use the header.  Most other people 
don't use the header, so you still have to accept email from 
spammers.  However you do now have some friends using the header, and 
initial conversations with them are slower.

So.  Not a huge amount of pain to use.  But no apparent benefit until 
90% of your correspondents are using the system and you can safely 
shut out the rest.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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To: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 00:44:17 -0500

At 10:00 AM -0800 3/18/03, Steve Schear wrote:
>parties.  It doesn't require major changes to the email 
>infrastructure, though clients would need to be enhanced (web-based 
>email could add this almost immediately, plug-ins may suffice for 
>some, like Eudora), nor new legislation.  Initial users may find 
>they become less "reachable" to casual contacts, but that should 
>only last a short while if sender-pays becomes popular.

Why would such a system become popular?  Adopting it either burns 
your business or doesn't stop spam (depending on which policy you 
take for unstamped mail).  And on top of it, it costs you time and 
money to send email, while all your friends and competitors get to 
send for free.

In addition, a sender-pays system would be actively fought by every 
major online publication, every major software company, and every 
free web mail service.  And if you priced it cheaply enough that they 
wouldn't complain, it would be so cheap as to have no impact on spam.

Also, as recently discussed on this list.  CPU-based stamps suffer 
from similar problems.  The claim was that an algorithm easy enough 
to be useable by an end-user on a slow computer would be so easy as 
to allow a fast computer to saturate a T3.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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To: meor@mail.SoftHome.net
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 00:09:18 -0500

At 7:42 PM -0600 3/17/03, meor@mail.SoftHome.net wrote:
>Dial-up user composes the E-Mail.
>Dial-up user connects to the mail host.
>Mail hosts requests the Dial-up user to find the encryption key to the cipher.
>Dial-up user can disconnect while this computation is being performed.
>Dial-up user connects to the mail host.
>Dial-up user sends the cipher key and sends the E-Mail message.

I have no idea why your respondents have been so vitriolic--patience 
seems to be going on this list.  But for what it's worth, here are my 
comments.


So.  If I install this system on my computer, I presumably still need 
to interact with the existing mail system until we all convert, 
correct?

1. What do you do with incoming mail from the gateway?
2. Do you change the email addressing system so that the MUA can tell 
the difference between outbound mail for a user of the new system or 
an old user?  If not, bear in mind that you are seriously 
disincenting early adopters, because they'll be spending lots of time 
generating keys that nobody will need.  But at the same time they'll 
see no benefit because they can't yet block email from people who 
don't use the system.

The fundamental problem with new protocols for email has nothing to 
do with how good the protocol is.  It has to do with how the 
transition is made from the old system to the new.

So far, every new protocol proposal I've seen has one of two adoption plans.

1. Everyone will just agree it's the best and all adopt it at once.
2. A small group of people will gamble that this solution is going to 
be the one that wins in the marketplace, and they'll put up with a 
lot of pain and no benefit until everyone else adopts it as well.

Of those two, I'd actually give #1 a better chance of succeeding. But 
it would take a unanimous decision from at least a dozen of the 
biggest ISPs, along with a real threat to turn off all access to the 
old system within a certain amount of time.  And when it was all said 
and done, you'd still have to run two systems if you needed to 
correspond with anyone in the third world--the two just wouldn't 
interoperate.

I don't give #2 a chance in hell unless you come up with a protocol 
change that actually gives the early adopters an immediate benefit. 
(In other words, it cuts their spam and it doesn't annoy their 
non-converted customers.)  Otherwise you're asking them to make a big 
gamble in time and money with no immediate benefit.  They'd just be 
doing it for the long term good of the community.  The same forces 
that have led to spam (tragedy of the commons) make it certain that 
people won't do that.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam cannot be solved at the source
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2^256 is a big number


{Apologies to Kee because I mistyped the from address so was rejected by
the list meister}
-----Original Message-----
From: Kee Hinckley [mailto:products@somewhere.com] 
Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 23:25
To: asgr@bobf.frankston.com
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam cannot be solved at the source

At 1:34 AM -0500 3/18/03, <asgr@bobf.frankston.com> wrote:
>Not if the addresses only work once or in the appropriate context.
>
>These are not names, they are capabilities.

But what is going to keep the spammers from testing everyone they 
find in the hopes that some of them will get through?  Remember, 
these are people who bounce millions of messages a day, and who even 
sell lists of email addresses that are computer generated.  They are 
perfectly happy to play long odds.

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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 22:43:24 -0800

At 12:44 AM 3/19/2003 -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>At 10:00 AM -0800 3/18/03, Steve Schear wrote:
>>parties.  It doesn't require major changes to the email infrastructure, 
>>though clients would need to be enhanced (web-based email could add this 
>>almost immediately, plug-ins may suffice for some, like Eudora), nor new 
>>legislation.  Initial users may find they become less "reachable" to 
>>casual contacts, but that should only last a short while if sender-pays 
>>becomes popular.
>
>Why would such a system become popular?  Adopting it either burns your 
>business or doesn't stop spam (depending on which policy you take for 
>unstamped mail).  And on top of it, it costs you time and money to send 
>email, while all your friends and competitors get to send for free.
>
>In addition, a sender-pays system would be actively fought by every major 
>online publication, every major software company, and every free web mail 
>service.  And if you priced it cheaply enough that they wouldn't complain, 
>it would be so cheap as to have no impact on spam.

Well, until the elements for a sender-pays system are available none of us 
will know the impact.  As to being fought by commercial interests, I'm not 
sure that will matter to me and many others. Because our vision of 
sender-pays can be entirely end-user controlled it is our decision if we 
cut ourselves off from the herd in order to ensure our peace of mind.

If you take a look at http://www.camram.org you'll see that it includes 
features for a "jail" to hold possible spam.  The client can inspect the 
email and decide to let it in even if the postage isn't attached and add it 
to their white list (e.g., vendor email in response to a 
subscription).  Additionally, initiating contact with a party can 
implicitly add them to the white list, easing interaction with existing 
systems.


>Also, as recently discussed on this list.  CPU-based stamps suffer from 
>similar problems.  The claim was that an algorithm easy enough to be 
>useable by an end-user on a slow computer would be so easy as to allow a 
>fast computer to saturate a T3.

This aspect of PoW stamps was keenly discussed on the Camram list. Yes, its 
true that the balance might require that PDA, cellphone and older CPUs 
would need to spend a fair amount of time per stamp generation in order to 
maintain an effective barrier to spammers, but these less fortunate folk 
could also opt to use stamp generator proxies at either their ISP or 3rd 
parties (maybe P2P meshes).  And over time the computation burden for stamp 
minting would need to be slowly increased to stay ahead of increasing 
general and specail purpose HW spammers might employ.

Free email services accommodating PoW could require that the client's CPU 
perform the stamp generation using a Java applet.

steve

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On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 19:36:05 EST, Damien Morton said:

> I guess I was picturing a system in which money was used to redress
> imbalances between net senders of email and net receivers of email.
> That's why I was talking in terms of payment (of some kind) between
> servers rather than between end-users. I was imagining a system in which
> communicating peers, exchanging equal quantities of mail, would need no
> monetary reconciliation. Im assuming that an ISP's or companies' mail
> server, barring spam, produces and consumes roughly the same amount of
> mail. 

Wander over to the NANOG archives, and read up on the *numerous* threads
regarding "peering" versus "transit".  There's a lot of very surreal parts
to the saga - companies that won't reveal what their requirements are for
peering except under NDA, companies that had peering requirements so strict
that they wouldn't qualify to peer with themselves, companies that didn't
approach peering/transit purely economically (using peering as some sort of
"mine is bigger than yours" symbol, etc)......

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Testing content filters
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 08:39:06 +0000 (GMT)

On Wed, 19 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> At 11:09 PM +0000 3/18/03, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> >So please, feel free to add in suggestions for 2 and 3. I've started the
> >groundwork - it won't be too hard to finish it off now.
> 
> Just to clarify.  The goal of this is to have a tag that indicates 
> that your software is indeed installed and functioning?  If that's 
> the case, couldn't we just establish an X-something header and use 
> the same tag?

No, the goal of this is to have a standard way to trip a spam filter that
is supported across the industry in a non-changing fashion. I don't care 
*how* the filter gets tripped (whether it bounces or quarantines or adds a 
header or munges the subject...), just that it does get tripped.

The idea is that when I install a new spam filter I want to be able to
check its working, and I want to be able to do that without having to use
a different email for each content filter, or without having to have
intimate knowledge of how this particular filter works.

Often a sysadmin would install a new spam filter on a test machine, so 
waiting for spam to come through wouldn't be an option.

Matt.

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 08:46:51 +0000 (GMT)

On Tue, 18 Mar 2003, Steve Schear wrote:

> This aspect of PoW stamps was keenly discussed on the Camram list. Yes, its 
> true that the balance might require that PDA, cellphone and older CPUs 
> would need to spend a fair amount of time per stamp generation in order to 
> maintain an effective barrier to spammers, but these less fortunate folk 
> could also opt to use stamp generator proxies at either their ISP or 3rd 
> parties (maybe P2P meshes).  And over time the computation burden for stamp 
> minting would need to be slowly increased to stay ahead of increasing 
> general and specail purpose HW spammers might employ.

What would be the immediate benefit for an ISP (or a P2P mesh) letting me 
use their CPU to generate stamps? I known an ISP wouldn't want to allow 
that, so maybe a P2P mesh - and what's to stop a spammer from using the 
P2P mesh? Certs?

Matt.

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Date: 19 Mar 2003 00:00:00 +0000

Ronald F. Guilmette <rfg@monkeys.com> schrieb/wrote:
> Quite simply, if a given SMTP client connects to you and then says:
> 	HELO d.e.f.g
> then you look to see if any of the following names have associated MX
> records:

> 	d.e.f.g
> 	e.f.g
> 	f.g
> 	g

> For all MX records found for any of these names, if any of the FQDNs
> in any of the MX records resolve to the IP address of the SMTP client
> in question, then you know that it is an ``intentional mail server''.
> Otherwise, it probably isn't.

In larger email setups, the sending mail host often is not identical to
the hosts that are listed as MX records, for example:

. usersmtp.example.net is the MTA for customers of the ISP example.net
  (with different domains) but ownsmtp.example.net handles mail for own
  mail of the ISP.
. mailin.example.com handles incoming mail (and is the MX) but
  mailout.example.com handles outgoing mail.
. a multihomed host receives mail on one IP address (listed as MX) but
  does use different IP addresses for sending.

Claus
-- 
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Date: 19 Mar 2003 00:00:00 +0000

Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> schrieb/wrote:
> From a practical standpoint, News/NNTP spamming is less of a problem
> than it was in the mid-late 90's.  The IETF is far less interested in
> fiddling around with a protocol that is mature and declining in
> relative importance.

Netnews might be part of the solution to email spam. Netnews is quite
efficient at one-to-many communication and does not suffer from spam as
much as email does.

If mailing lists (and newsletters) can be moved to Netnews (or a similar  
scheme), we can make sending a large amount of messages more expensive  
without harming legitimate mailing lists.

Claus
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: 19 Mar 2003 00:00:00 +0000

Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk> schrieb/wrote:
> Criminalising spam would have the effect of stopping the mainsleaze
> spammers, while giving you an extra weapon in your battle against the
> underground spammers.

The main advantage of crimilalisation is that a public prosecutor, who
has more investigative powers, would have to fight spam.

If you want to fight spam privately, you often have no means to find out
whom the spam is from, you can only deal with the single message the
spammer sent to you (unless you do a class action, which is not
available in every legislation), and you have the risk that your legal
expenses are not covered (even in legislations where procedural law does  
regulate that the party who lost the suit has to pay the legal expenses  
of the other party).

Claus
-- 
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 10:45:47 +0000 (GMT)
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On 19 Mar 2003, Claus Färber wrote:

> Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk> schrieb/wrote:
> > Criminalising spam would have the effect of stopping the mainsleaze
> > spammers, while giving you an extra weapon in your battle against the
> > underground spammers.
> 
> The main advantage of crimilalisation is that a public prosecutor, who
> has more investigative powers, would have to fight spam.

Right. I've heard that the FTC would love to help in the battle against 
spam, but their hands are tied due to lack of effective legislation at the 
federal level.

Matt.

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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
cc: meor@mail.SoftHome.net, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 07:21:13 -0500 (EST)



On Wed, 19 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> 
> So far, every new protocol proposal I've seen has one of two adoption plans.
> 
> 1. Everyone will just agree it's the best and all adopt it at once.
> 2. A small group of people will gamble that this solution is going to 
> be the one that wins in the marketplace, and they'll put up with a 
> lot of pain and no benefit until everyone else adopts it as well.
> 

There is a third possibility. A method that helps those who invoke it, and
works better the more sites invoke it. For example, the real-time black
hole list reduces spam for the first user, and every subsequent user.
Furthermore, as more sites use it, open relays are closed, restricting
spammers to fewer relay hosts, each of which suffers even more. With fewer
open relays, sites are more willing to reject mail from them, as there are
fewer legitimate messages refused. As the remaining relay hosts get more
overloaded, even the most recalcitrant owners eventually close them. In
the end (the "Nash equilibrium") many sites subscribe to a black hole
list, nearly all open relays are closed, and there is no need for
universal agreement to get to that end. It may take a while though.

If MUAs and MTAs made it easier to use SMTP-AUTH, or relay after pop, then
this process would happen faster, but no change in the RFCs is required.

Content based anti-spam measures don't have a similar felicitous Nash
equilibrium. As more sites filter, the spammers get cageier, and content
filtering becomes harder, not easier. 

Spam point scores (such as Spamassasin) can affect the ability to achieve
a desirable equilibrium. A site might not be willing to reject mail from
MTAs with the string "dial-up" in their host name, but might find it
helpfull to add a point to the spam score. Likewise they might subtract a
point for seeing "smtp" or "mail" in the host name. Both those strings
indicate whether the DNS owner wishes to authorize mail from that host
(and no RMX record is necessary). The final equilibrium could easily be
that these naming conventions became more and more usefull untill they
were more widely adopted than most RFCs. 

It is important to have a plausible adoption path for any scheme. To be
plausible, the scheme must benefit the first few users, and benefit them
more the more users there are. 

Daniel Feenberg



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On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 14:29:32 -0500 "Damien Morton"
<dm-temp-310102@nyc.rr.com> wrote:

> Actually I tried complainng about 4th class mail. I put a huge notice on
> my letterbox that said "3rd class and 4th class mail not accepted". The
> mailman ignored it, of course. I now pile up all the junk mail I get on
> top of the letterbox, marking it "wrong address" or "not accepted", and
> the mailman makes a point of circling "The resident" to prove that it
> has in fact been correctly addressed.

Have some fun with this at the USPS and sender's expense then...  much of
this mail has a postage paid return envelope...  I just write "NO!" across
the offer, put it in their envelope and post it back...  The USPS gets to
do more work delivering the contents again, collecting for its delivery,
and the sender gets to pay for getting their ad back, unusable.  At least,
it's increasing their bulk mail costs... :)

To keep increasing their costs, remove your personal information from the
returned matter, so you get to do it over and over... 

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Testing content filters
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 07:10:14 -0700 (MST)

> From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>

> ...
> No, the goal of this is to have a standard way to trip a spam filter that
> is supported across the industry in a non-changing fashion. I don't care 
> *how* the filter gets tripped (whether it bounces or quarantines or adds a 
> header or munges the subject...), just that it does get tripped.
>
> The idea is that when I install a new spam filter I want to be able to
> check its working, and I want to be able to do that without having to use
> a different email for each content filter, or without having to have
> intimate knowledge of how this particular filter works.
>
> Often a sysadmin would install a new spam filter on a test machine, so 
> waiting for spam to come through wouldn't be an option.

Ok, I stand corrected about whether it might make sense to standardize
such a thing.  However, this does not sound useful enough for me to
put it into the DCC this year.  Spam and viruses differ.  It's far
more difficult and/or dangerous to give a Windows box a test infection
of a virus than to send test spam to a mail system.  To test a spam
filter that can be tested with a standardized test, you can instead
grab something from NANAS or whatever spam you hate and send it from
somewhere, such as a free provider or one of your own systems.  A
bigger problem is that anti-spam systems define spam in differing
ways.  For example, how would a standardized spam filter test check
that an SBL installation is working?  (The testing auto-responders
permanently listed i the RBL, DUL, and RSS should be but are not be
emulated by all DNS blacklists.)


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: 19 Mar 2003 08:19:10 -0600

In <200303190337.h2J3b47F024907@calcite.rhyolite.com> Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> writes:

> > From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
> 
> > One thing the anti-virus people got right is the ability to test 
> > anti-virus engines by passing through a non-viral file that is by 
> > de-facto detected as a virus by the vendors engines. 
> 
>                                                        By the time such
> a test case were standardized, the spammers would have stopped some
> behaviors and started others, making the RFC of only theoretic or historic
> interest.

The idea isn't that this would be some sort of regression test to see
if a spam filter would detect certain kinds of spam.  Instead it is
just a simply file that all spam filters detect as spam, even though
it really isn't that spammy.

The idea is that if you want to test to make sure the spam filter that
you just installed/upgraded is working, you would email yourself this
tiny file and it should be treated as spam.  You could also test your
ISPs spam filters by sending this file, even though you don't know
what kind of filters they are using.  This would be the universally
accepted "this is spam" e-mail

This special email would be kind of like using ping to check if a
machine is working.


-wayne

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] An amazing amount of spam
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asrg@bobf.frankston.com wrote:
> This list is, in my definition, spam. 

>  It is effectively spam because the email system and tools makes it too
> difficult to manage and work with the messages.

You have somewhat of a point here.  Most mail readers are abysmally bad 
at handling high volumes.  It's instructive, for example, to look at how 
some of the better/more powerful Usenet newsreaders (eg: trn/gnus, _not_ 
netscape or IE.  I'm sufficiently unfamiliar with other Windows-based 
Usenet newsreaders to venture an opinion.  Maybe "Agent" fits the bill) 
allow one to handle considerably higher volumes than this list is.

Indeed, many people gateway mailing lists to local news servers simply 
because the reader tools are better for high volume.  I do that with 
many of the mailing lists I receive.

It works well.

However, this only makes the flow of gunk marginally less obnoxious. 
Finding the signal in the noise is less difficult, but still difficult. 
Usenet spam was a problem before Email spam was (and some blame me for 
the existance of email by forcing Jef Slaton off Usenet... :-(.  And 
secondly, this doesn't address the "overwhelming flood" doomsday 
scenarios represented by Striker or our spamtraps.

So, as such, changing mail reader metaphors would indeed be a short-term 
fix (and not a fix at all for some scenarios), not a long-term one. We 
have to recognize that spam volumes are indeed threatening the Internet 
infrastructure, and a long-term that doesn't include reducing volume 
means total failure.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SMTP & NNTP ?
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Claus Färber wrote:
> Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> schrieb/wrote:
> 
>>From a practical standpoint, News/NNTP spamming is less of a problem
>>than it was in the mid-late 90's.  The IETF is far less interested in
>>fiddling around with a protocol that is mature and declining in
>>relative importance.

> Netnews might be part of the solution to email spam. Netnews is quite
> efficient at one-to-many communication and does not suffer from spam as
> much as email does.

> If mailing lists (and newsletters) can be moved to Netnews (or a similar  
> scheme), we can make sending a large amount of messages more expensive  
> without harming legitimate mailing lists.

True.  Usenet is probably the best way to distribute high volume mailing 
lists. Because, that is in effect what a newsgroup _is_.

But you find out that the Usenet broadcast medium mechanism only works 
when the traffic is of interest to a "significant" fraction of the 
population so that the bandwidth is amortised over more users.  A 
mailing list with only 5 members is grossly inefficient use of Usenet. 
Given that full Usenet feeds are already up in the 100Gb+/day range (as 
of a year or two ago!), it could not handle a paradigm shift of this nature.

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To: frank@unternet.org
From: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>
CC: Damien Morton <dm-temp-310102@nyc.rr.com>, Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>,
        Margie Arbon <margie@mail-abuse.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 16:04:50 +0000

Frank de Lange <frank@unternet.org> wrote:
>
>All this talk about 'handling rates' and charges and stamps and such... 
>how will we make sure that this does not become just another profit 
>center?

I like the Microsoft Penny Black idea of refundable stamps, which is
unfortunately not described on their web page. The idea being that
legitimate email is effectively free, but unwanted email costs money.

Having spend some time working on algorithms for proof-of-work systems
that take a comparable amount of time on all sorts of computers, they
also make the point that schemes like this are doomed by Moore's Law.
Hence work on a mechanism that can provide a proper financial incentive
to use email responsibly or at least professionally.

http://research.microsoft.com/research/sv/PennyBlack/

Tony.
-- 
f.a.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
BERWICK ON TWEED TO WHITBY: VARIABLE 3 OR LESS. FAIR, HAZY, RISK OF MIST OR
FOG PATCHES. MODERATE BUT POOR IN ANY MIST OR FOG. SLIGHT.
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To: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
From: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 08:10:44 -0800

At 08:46 AM 3/19/2003 +0000, Matt Sergeant wrote:
>On Tue, 18 Mar 2003, Steve Schear wrote:
>
> > This aspect of PoW stamps was keenly discussed on the Camram list. Yes, 
> its
> > true that the balance might require that PDA, cellphone and older CPUs
> > would need to spend a fair amount of time per stamp generation in order to
> > maintain an effective barrier to spammers, but these less fortunate folk
> > could also opt to use stamp generator proxies at either their ISP or 3rd
> > parties (maybe P2P meshes).  And over time the computation burden for 
> stamp
> > minting would need to be slowly increased to stay ahead of increasing
> > general and specail purpose HW spammers might employ.
>
>What would be the immediate benefit for an ISP (or a P2P mesh) letting me
>use their CPU to generate stamps?

A value add service perhaps.

>I known an ISP wouldn't want to allow
>that, so maybe a P2P mesh - and what's to stop a spammer from using the
>P2P mesh? Certs?

Nothing except these would probably be commercial meshes with some price 
for computation being assessed.

steve

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From: <asrg@bobf.frankston.com>
To: "'Chris Lewis'" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] An amazing amount of spam
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 11:07:57 -0500
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I value my time far more than I value the Internet infrastructure. The
infrastructure can take care of itself and isn't really being burdened
since we expect to be able to have our own personal HDTV video streams
as casual traffic. Spam is zero percent of that.

But my time, now that's important.

And I also want to solve the problem of phone spam, and fax spam and
other intrusions. And paper spam. Any solution that just focuses on
legacy email isn't very interesting or vital.

For now I can do my own content-filtering (I am trying popfile at the
moment and have built my own tools also). That should give me some
respite so I can focus on the longer term issues. 

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Chris Lewis
Sent: Wednesday, March 19, 2003 10:42
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] An amazing amount of spam

asrg@bobf.frankston.com wrote:
> This list is, in my definition, spam. 

>  It is effectively spam because the email system and tools makes it
too
> difficult to manage and work with the messages.

You have somewhat of a point here.  Most mail readers are abysmally bad 
at handling high volumes.  It's instructive, for example, to look at how

some of the better/more powerful Usenet newsreaders (eg: trn/gnus, _not_

netscape or IE.  I'm sufficiently unfamiliar with other Windows-based 
Usenet newsreaders to venture an opinion.  Maybe "Agent" fits the bill) 
allow one to handle considerably higher volumes than this list is.

Indeed, many people gateway mailing lists to local news servers simply 
because the reader tools are better for high volume.  I do that with 
many of the mailing lists I receive.

It works well.

However, this only makes the flow of gunk marginally less obnoxious. 
Finding the signal in the noise is less difficult, but still difficult. 
Usenet spam was a problem before Email spam was (and some blame me for 
the existance of email by forcing Jef Slaton off Usenet... :-(.  And 
secondly, this doesn't address the "overwhelming flood" doomsday 
scenarios represented by Striker or our spamtraps.

So, as such, changing mail reader metaphors would indeed be a short-term

fix (and not a fix at all for some scenarios), not a long-term one. We 
have to recognize that spam volumes are indeed threatening the Internet 
infrastructure, and a long-term that doesn't include reducing volume 
means total failure.

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To: Pierre Fortin <pf@pfortin.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 08:21:26 -0800

At 08:32 AM 3/19/2003 -0500, Pierre Fortin wrote:
>On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 14:29:32 -0500 "Damien Morton"
><dm-temp-310102@nyc.rr.com> wrote:
>
> > Actually I tried complainng about 4th class mail. I put a huge notice on
> > my letterbox that said "3rd class and 4th class mail not accepted". The
> > mailman ignored it, of course. I now pile up all the junk mail I get on
> > top of the letterbox, marking it "wrong address" or "not accepted", and
> > the mailman makes a point of circling "The resident" to prove that it
> > has in fact been correctly addressed.
>
>Have some fun with this at the USPS and sender's expense then...  much of
>this mail has a postage paid return envelope...  I just write "NO!" across
>the offer, put it in their envelope and post it back...  The USPS gets to
>do more work delivering the contents again, collecting for its delivery,
>and the sender gets to pay for getting their ad back, unusable.  At least,
>it's increasing their bulk mail costs... :)
>
>To keep increasing their costs, remove your personal information from the
>returned matter, so you get to do it over and over...

Don't forget to insert something heavy tape the reply envelope to something 
heavy (I like construction ceramics) to greatly increase their postage due 
when blind claiming their mail.

steve

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In <8iA+OxF3cDD@3247.org> list-ietf-antispam@faerber.muc.de (Claus Färber) writes:

> Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk> schrieb/wrote:
> > Criminalising spam would have the effect of stopping the mainsleaze
> > spammers, while giving you an extra weapon in your battle against the
> > underground spammers.
> 
> The main advantage of crimilalisation is that a public prosecutor, who
> has more investigative powers, would have to fight spam.

Public prosecutors would be *able* to fight spam, they wouldn't
*have* to.  There are tons of laws on the books that are never
enforced.  (I personally think that any law that isn't regularly
enforce should be dropped from the books, but that's another subject.)
However, I think that spam laws would be enforced every once and a
while, especially if a spammer is stupid enough to joe-job the
district attorney or something.

In one of the presentations at the MIT spam conference, there was a
slide that showed that there are many different types of spammers,
from the very casual "I'm just trying to advertise my small business",
to the hard core organized crime spammers.  The more hard core the
spammer, the less likely that technical solutions will be effective
against them, but the more likely that they can be locked up by
various laws.

From what I know, far more spammers have been hit with violating other
laws than spam laws.  People who use pump-and-dump stock scams,
pirated music/software, 419 scams, etc. have all been charged with
crimes other than spamming.  However, spam laws could give
procecutors an easy target to get search warrents and such to allow
them to sock crooks with other charges.


-wayne

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asrg@bobf.frankston.com wrote:
> I value my time far more than I value the Internet infrastructure. The
> infrastructure can take care of itself and isn't really being burdened
> since we expect to be able to have our own personal HDTV video streams
> as casual traffic. Spam is zero percent of that.

Obviously, you completely missed what the "striker scenario" is.

I suggest you go and read http://striker.ottawa.on.ca

Similarly, our original corporate domain names are equally unuseable 
despite the fact that we have (multiple) DS3 connectivity.

No amount of dicking around with mail reader metaphors will make those 
domains useable again.

When spam outnumbers real email by 1000:1, all your "valued" time will 
be spent trying to differentiate the 1 from the 999.

Any "solution" we come up with either has to deal directly with the 
striker scenario, _or_, hit the tradeoffs of spamming to get the volumes 
down indirectly.

Because, make no mistake, striker is where we're all headed.


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On Wednesday, March 19, 2003, at 07:48  AM, Chris Lewis wrote:

> True.  Usenet is probably the best way to distribute high volume 
> mailing lists. Because, that is in effect what a newsgroup _is_.

I don't agree.

> But you find out that the Usenet broadcast medium mechanism only works 
> when the traffic is of interest to a "significant" fraction of the 
> population so that the bandwidth is amortised over more users.  A 
> mailing list with only 5 members is grossly inefficient use of Usenet.

the "send every byte everywhere in case anyone anywhere wants that 
byte" isn't a good paradigm except in cashes where the value of 
"anyone" is large. I think it's more tied to the size of the audience 
than the busyness of the list. USENET is also best for discussion, not 
distribution of read-only material (i.e. announce, e-marketing, etc). 
And authentication, spam and trolls are still issues (while spam on 
usenet may be more or less under control, spam aimed at email found on 
usenet isn't, making discussion lists on usenet problematic because 
you're gutting the ability to move discussions private)

then you add the problem that people use mail lists because they want 
e-mail, not usenet. I've done some experimentation with encouraging 
mail list users to other formats, and they've generally failed 
miserably. They're comfortable with it, they don't want to change. And 
some stuff will (and should) stay behind, so you start getting 
confusion about what's where, and what ought to go where.

I think the real future direction here is to supplement mail lists with 
alternative distribution mechanisms, not replace them. Making sure 
archives are on the web allows users to read lists without having them 
e-mailed to them; RSS feeds gives them the info they need to know what 
needs to be read without time wasted browsing. you turn a push/email 
list into a pull/RSS list without screwing it up for people who want it 
in the mailbox, but cut the e-mail traffic and the interruptions of 
mail dropping into the mailbox. The piece that is still somewhat 
missing on that, though, is posting back from an RSS feed, but you can 
work around that, and RSS is of most interest to the 'lurkers' in many 
cases, anyway...

I think forums and other web systems will start taking this content, 
too, as they continue to mature; especially the ones with multiple 
distribution methods that understand that content isn't tied to a 
distribution method, but to a user preference on receiving it.

In my view, announce-based content will likely stay e-mail as it's 
primarily a push paradigm anyway, although it ought to have an RSS 
function as well, while discussion content will move to the web, where 
users have a suite of delivery options, including email, web, or RSS 
and maybe NNTP -- e-mail isn't the thing, but one delivery tool for the 
thing.

FWIW, IMHO.




-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/


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On Wednesday, March 19, 2003, at 08:21  AM, Steve Schear wrote:

>> To keep increasing their costs, remove your personal information from 
>> the
>> returned matter, so you get to do it over and over...
>
> Don't forget to insert something heavy tape the reply envelope to 
> something heavy (I like construction ceramics) to greatly increase 
> their postage due when blind claiming their mail.
>

you do realize that stuff gets thrown out at the P.O., don't you? No, I 
guess you don't. If you think stunts like this actually make a 
difference, the system worked around you years ago.


-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/


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In <8iA+PRmJcDD@3247.org> list-ietf-antispam@faerber.muc.de (Claus Färber) writes:

> Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> schrieb/wrote:
> Netnews might be part of the solution to email spam. Netnews is quite
> efficient at one-to-many communication and does not suffer from spam as
> much as email does.

*sigh*

I started reading Usenet (netnews) about a week after the "great
renaming".  (It didn't seem to make sense to start a month earlier.)

I have long since stopped reading Usenet because of the spam problem
there.  I hear that the spam problem has decreased a lot in recent
years, but I suspect that is as much because email spam is more
effective at reaching large numbers of people than any other technical
reason.

Mailing lists give a lot more control over abusing users, whether they
spam or otherwise, and I doubt that you will ever see a mass migration
back to Usenet.


-wayne

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To: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>, frank@unternet.org
From: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
Cc: Damien Morton <dm-temp-310102@nyc.rr.com>,
        Margie Arbon <margie@mail-abuse.org>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 09:04:57 -0800

At 04:04 PM 3/19/2003 +0000, Tony Finch wrote:
>Frank de Lange <frank@unternet.org> wrote:
> >
> >All this talk about 'handling rates' and charges and stamps and such...
> >how will we make sure that this does not become just another profit
> >center?
>
>I like the Microsoft Penny Black idea of refundable stamps, which is
>unfortunately not described on their web page. The idea being that
>legitimate email is effectively free, but unwanted email costs money.
>
>Having spend some time working on algorithms for proof-of-work systems
>that take a comparable amount of time on all sorts of computers, they
>also make the point that schemes like this are doomed by Moore's Law.

I think most all people agree that PoW is, at best, an initial stage to 
test the postage mechanisms without requiring some sort of 3rd party 
clearing methods.  This is especially so if one assumes, and I do, that 
anonymous email is a social good that aught to be preserved.

All widely accepted payment systems seem useless, AFAIK, for direct 
anonymous postage.  It seems that some of the best candidates use some sort 
of blinded digital bearer certificates, though none are commercially 
available.  Here's a link to one which could be in the not too distant 
future http://lucrative.thirdhost.com/index.php

>Hence work on a mechanism that can provide a proper financial incentive
>to use email responsibly or at least professionally.
>
>http://research.microsoft.com/research/sv/PennyBlack/

Thanks for the link.  I think Cynthia Dwork was a co-author on a PoW scheme 
in the early 90s (Iwhile she was at IBM?).  This idea was also, 
independently, "discovered" by the Camram group http://www.camram.org one 
member of which now works for MS (though I'm not sure if he's on the 
PennyBlack project).

steve

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Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:

>On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 19:36:05 EST, Damien Morton said:
>
>  
>
>>I guess I was picturing a system in which money was used to redress
>>imbalances between net senders of email and net receivers of email.
>>That's why I was talking in terms of payment (of some kind) between
>>servers rather than between end-users. I was imagining a system in which
>>communicating peers, exchanging equal quantities of mail, would need no
>>monetary reconciliation. Im assuming that an ISP's or companies' mail
>>server, barring spam, produces and consumes roughly the same amount of
>>mail. 
>>    
>>
>
>Wander over to the NANOG archives, and read up on the *numerous* threads
>regarding "peering" versus "transit".  There's a lot of very surreal parts
>to the saga - companies that won't reveal what their requirements are for
>peering except under NDA, companies that had peering requirements so strict
>that they wouldn't qualify to peer with themselves, companies that didn't
>approach peering/transit purely economically (using peering as some sort of
>"mine is bigger than yours" symbol, etc)......
>  
>
Just what I'm afraid of. Adding 'peering agreements' to the mail 
infrastructure would outcast most smaller ISP's, let alone those who 
want to run their own mail server. Peering would be a privilege reserved 
for the big and powerful, the rest would have to bow to their will. I 
think we want to avoid this.

Frank

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To: "Ronald F. Guilmette" <rfg@monkeys.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Amend the RFC to require reverse DNS
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 11:12:24 -0600

On Tue, Mar 18, 2003 at 01:27:28PM -0800, Ronald F. Guilmette wrote:
> 
> P.S.  Recently, a couple of major ISP... specifically AT&T and RoadRunner...
> tried, and failed, in implement filtering of IP addresses that have no
> reverse DNS.  The problem in both cases was that this change created far
> too many complaints, once it was first switched on, from the respective
> customer bases.

At the University of Minnesota, we have been blocking email from an
ever-increasing number of sites which have no valid rDNS.  Our approach
was to do this selectively, based on IP networks, adding new ones over time.
Presently we require rDNS for 172 class A networks (granted, many of
these are reserved IP space) and countless class B and C networks.
Last week we blocked 6% of our incoming mail in this way with very few
complaints.  It probably helps that outside users have a means of
requesting block exceptions from our users (via URL), which they can
grant or deny.
-- 

Steven F. Siirila			Office: Lind Hall, Room 130B
Internet Services			E-mail: sfs@umn.edu
Office of Information Technology	Voice: (612) 626-0244
University of Minnesota
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 09:17:15 -0800

At 08:36 AM 3/19/2003 -0800, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:

>On Wednesday, March 19, 2003, at 08:21  AM, Steve Schear wrote:
>
>>>To keep increasing their costs, remove your personal information from the
>>>returned matter, so you get to do it over and over...
>>
>>Don't forget to insert something heavy tape the reply envelope to 
>>something heavy (I like construction ceramics) to greatly increase their 
>>postage due when blind claiming their mail.
>
>you do realize that stuff gets thrown out at the P.O., don't you? No, I 
>guess you don't. If you think stunts like this actually make a difference, 
>the system worked around you years ago.

Well, I haven't used this in years nor checked on it continued efficacy. 
I'm not sure such information on P.O. countermeasures is widely published. 
Thanks for the update.

steve

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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 12:18:35 -0500

At 18:07 +0100 3/19/03, Frank de Lange wrote:
>>
>Just what I'm afraid of. Adding 'peering agreements' to the mail 
>infrastructure would outcast most smaller ISP's, let alone those who 
>want to run their own mail server. Peering would be a privilege 
>reserved for the big and powerful, the rest would have to bow to 
>their will. I think we want to avoid this.

Not that I'm in favor of any sort of peering agreements, but this has 
been tried and failed and I don't think it's a grave concern... 
remember when AOL mail could not go to CompuServe, etc? If the kids 
can't get Granny's mail, the lot of them will switch to whatever ISP 
is convenient... with NxN connections, neither consumers nor ISPs can 
place themselves in a sweet spot in the current world. By example, 
AOL is uniquely in a spot to close its borders, but can't afford to 
because the rest of the world isn't going to join up and the utility 
of its offering depends on access to outsiders.

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wayne wrote:
> In <8iA+PRmJcDD@3247.org> list-ietf-antispam@faerber.muc.de (Claus Färber) writes:

>>Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> schrieb/wrote:
>>Netnews might be part of the solution to email spam. Netnews is quite
>>efficient at one-to-many communication and does not suffer from spam as
>>much as email does.

Careful about that.  I didn't write the above.

> I have long since stopped reading Usenet because of the spam problem
> there.  I hear that the spam problem has decreased a lot in recent
> years,

It has.  Most newsgroups outside of the various sewers in alt.* are 
quite good these days.

> but I suspect that is as much because email spam is more
> effective at reaching large numbers of people than any other technical
> reason.

Usenet spam is quite effective in terms of people reached/message. The 
reason for that is partially as you say.  But perhaps much more so 
because anti-spam on Usenet is vastly easier to do with Usenet than it 
is with email.

> Mailing lists give a lot more control over abusing users, whether they
> spam or otherwise, and I doubt that you will ever see a mass migration
> back to Usenet.

You're quite right there.

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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 09:33:29 -0800

Hi,

I meanwhile came to the conclusion that this 
working/research group's will certainly fail.

I see strong interests to spoil any success of this group
to find a technical solution. This group is under a 
certain kind of attack: The commercial attack.

Spam is a business with growing revenue. The small business
is sending spam. The big business is selling anti-spam-solutions.
Obviously those, who's business is either one of these, try to prevent
a simple and effective solution. 

The situation is similar to the virus/worm threat: Some parties make
huge revenues with selling anti-virus-solutions. It would be their
sudden death if application software and operating systems became
virus proof. Some of the anti-virus-software manufacturers are
suspected to viruses themselves in order to keep their business
alive. 

I am under the impression that there is the very same situation with 
Spam: It's business, it's revenue, it's profits, and thus it must not be
spoiled. Anti-spam efforts are welcome as long as they strengthen the
public awareness of spam and make people purchase
anti-spam-solutions. But a solution which effectively prevents spam 
at zero costs is deprecated. Zero costs means zero revenue.
Similar to the situation of viruses/worms, some of the spam messages
might be faked spam, not made to sell penis enlargement devices, but
to sell anti-spam-software.

Why are so many people strictly against anything what could prevent
spam at the sender side? Because the sender wouldn't pay for a
solution. Why do so many people insist on the freedom of the sender
to send whatever the sender wishes to send with a sender address the
sender can randomly choose? Simple answer: That's the only way to make
the recipient buy anti-spam-software or anti-spam-services.


Spam doesn't sell significant numbers of penis enlargement devices.
Spam sells Anti-Spam-software. That's the business.

I wouldn't be surprised at all if most of the spammers turned out
to be the same people selling anti-spam-software and services, and
trying to put through recipient-only solutions.

And maybe that's why the mailing list is flooded with so much 
rubbish and babble. That's some kind of denial of service attack.


Hadmut


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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] An amazing amount of spam
Cc: "'Chris Lewis'" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 12:09:36 -0500

At 11:07 AM -0500 3/19/03, <asrg@bobf.frankston.com> wrote:
>I value my time far more than I value the Internet infrastructure. The
>infrastructure can take care of itself and isn't really being burdened
>since we expect to be able to have our own personal HDTV video streams
>as casual traffic. Spam is zero percent of that.

You've been living on high-speed connections for far too long.  Email 
is a world-wide system, and HDTV internet bandwidth is a fantasy for 
most people, even in the U.S..  And has already been discussed on 
this list, bandwidth is becoming a significant problem.  I have no 
desire to spend an extra $100/month just to handle the spam I'm 
bouncing from my server, but that's where spam is forcing me to go.

I'm not saying that your priorities are off with regards to bandwidth 
vs. time.  But that doesn't mean that you can just ignore the 
bandwidth problem.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Testing content filters
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 12:00:25 -0500

At 7:10 AM -0700 3/19/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>of a virus than to send test spam to a mail system.  To test a spam
>filter that can be tested with a standardized test, you can instead
>grab something from NANAS or whatever spam you hate and send it from
>somewhere, such as a free provider or one of your own systems.  A

This is only true for content filters.  And even then it depends on 
the settings on your content filter.  I agree with Matt--there should 
be a standard string that is always flagged as spam.

You can forward all the spam you want at our spam filter--it won't 
get flagged as spam because we could care less what's in the message.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
Cc: Margie Arbon <margie@mail-abuse.org>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 12:45:20 -0500

At 10:43 PM -0800 3/18/03, Steve Schear wrote:
>>In addition, a sender-pays system would be actively fought by every 
>>major online publication, every major software company, and every 
>>free web mail service.  And if you priced it cheaply enough that 
>>they wouldn't complain, it would be so cheap as to have no impact 
>>on spam.
>
>Well, until the elements for a sender-pays system are available none 
>of us will know the impact.  As to being fought by commercial 
>interests, I'm not

What rational company would spend lots of time and money deploying a 
critical new piece of infrastructure that effects how the communicate 
with the entire world without having some idea of the impact?

>sure that will matter to me and many others. Because our vision of 
>sender-pays can be entirely end-user controlled it is our decision 
>if we cut ourselves off from the herd in order to ensure our peace 
>of mind.

It's the "herd" that needs a solution.  A solution which involves 
restricting non-spam communications to a small group of the technical 
elite is technically interesting, but not terribly relevant.

>If you take a look at http://www.camram.org you'll see that it 
>includes features for a "jail" to hold possible spam.  The client 
>can inspect the email and decide to let it in even if the postage 
>isn't attached and add it to their white list (e.g., vendor email in 
>response to a subscription).  Additionally,

Now put a value on a spam jail which contains 90% of your email.  And 
consider what happens if it becomes common enough that the spammers 
take notice and start forging addresses from commonly whitelisted 
senders.

If you are an individual user, communicating primarily with a small 
group of known senders, such a system will probably settle down and 
be useful.

If you are someone who is technically active online, or running a 
business that requires timely contact with random people in the 
outside world, such a system will be more painful than the spam.

Spam solutions which violate basic economic principals (e.g. "Most 
people will not spend money in order to hurt themselves") are not 
going to be successful.

At the early adopter stage, sender-pays is indistinguishable from 
simple whitelisting.  Except that it costs the sender more money.

If you think I'm missing something here, then please let me know. But 
please keep in mind that I'm not arguing that the system isn't 
technically feasible, or even desirable.  I'm simply arguing that a 
system that hurts early adopters more than it helps them is not 
likely to be adopted.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 11:56:41 -0500

At 7:21 AM -0500 3/19/03, Daniel Feenberg wrote:
>On Wed, 19 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>
>>
>>  So far, every new protocol proposal I've seen has one of two adoption plans.
>>
>>  1. Everyone will just agree it's the best and all adopt it at once.
>>  2. A small group of people will gamble that this solution is going to
>>  be the one that wins in the marketplace, and they'll put up with a
>>  lot of pain and no benefit until everyone else adopts it as well.
>>
>
>There is a third possibility. A method that helps those who invoke it, and
>works better the more sites invoke it. For example, the real-time black
>hole list reduces spam for the first user, and every subsequent user.

That's a possibility. But none of the protocol changes I've seen do 
that.  As you point out, the blackhole solutin doesn't require a 
protocol change.

>overloaded, even the most recalcitrant owners eventually close them. In
>the end (the "Nash equilibrium") many sites subscribe to a black hole
>list, nearly all open relays are closed, and there is no need for
>universal agreement to get to that end. It may take a while though.

Why do you think it hasn't happened already.  Those lists have been 
around for years.  Have open-relays significantly decreased?

My guess is that too many people are reluncant to use them. As has 
been discussed here, black hole lists have a reputation for lack of 
accountability.  If automated they have a serious problem with false 
positives.  If manual they cost money.  While individuals may have 
some degree of tolerance for false positives, most companies and ISPs 
are not so tolerant--all it takes is one bad instance and you're all 
over the press (college admissions notifications blocked, Mac.com 
blocking domain renewal emails...).

>If MUAs and MTAs made it easier to use SMTP-AUTH, or relay after pop, then
>this process would happen faster, but no change in the RFCs is required.

At this point in the game I'm not aware of any major MUA that doesn't 
support SMTP-AUTH, although until recently Microsoft's programs only 
supported particularly lame versions.  (Their renaming of AUTH-NTLM 
to AUTH-MSN hasn't helped either.)  POP-before-SMTP is supported in 
most commercial email products.  Unfortunately POP and SMTP tend to 
be managed by different programs from different sources in the 
open-source space, so integrating that has been more difficult.

>It is important to have a plausible adoption path for any scheme. To be
>plausible, the scheme must benefit the first few users, and benefit them
>more the more users there are.

We are in violent agreement on that point.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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--==_Exmh_1855807864P
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On Wed, 19 Mar 2003 09:33:29 PST, Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>  said:

> I see strong interests to spoil any success of this group
> to find a technical solution. This group is under a 
> certain kind of attack: The commercial attack.

Hmm.. I can't speak for the commercial people, I'm about as non-commercial
as it gets, being both civil service *AND* academia.   A big chunk of
the "spoil the success" is really just those of us who have tried the same
things before pointing out the problems that were encountered the last time.
(For instance, I don't think I've come out and said "this can't possibly work"
too often - though I'll admit I've tossed my share of "but first you have to
fix this...")

> Why are so many people strictly against anything what could prevent
> spam at the sender side? Because the sender wouldn't pay for a
> solution. Why do so many people insist on the freedom of the sender
> to send whatever the sender wishes to send with a sender address the
> sender can randomly choose? Simple answer: That's the only way to make
> the recipient buy anti-spam-software or anti-spam-services.

Actually, the problem is that there are *3* places we can stop the
problem:  the several hundred spammers, 100K ISPs, or 400M end users.

Anybody who's tried to deploy software to end users (especially software
that involves retraining) knows 400M is the wrong place to attack. And
even a well-hidden Proof-Of-Work doesn't help here - your phone WILL ring
when people ask why it's taking 3 minutes to send mail.

I've never said I'm *STRICTLY* against a sender-side solution.  My generic
criteria for a sender-side solution is:  It has to be something that my
mother the Hotmail user can deploy without me or my brother having to
make a trip home to install for her.  Windows 98 on a several-year-old PC.

And this is a very real constraint, and imposes significant barriers to
entire classes of solutions.

> I wouldn't be surprised at all if most of the spammers turned out
> to be the same people selling anti-spam-software and services, and
> trying to put through recipient-only solutions.

The interesting thing is that this list seems to contain neither spammers
nor people who make a living selling anti-spam solutions.  It is however
full of people who have an interest in protecting their systems from spam.

> And maybe that's why the mailing list is flooded with so much 
> rubbish and babble. That's some kind of denial of service attack.

Actually, I was attributing that to the well-known fact that the effective
IQ of a committee is given by "minimum IQ on the committee, divided by the
number of heads". ;)





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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] SMTP & NNTP ? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "19 Mar 2003 00:00:00 GMT."
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 08:12:50 -0500

list-ietf-antispam@faerber.muc.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Claus_F=E4rber?=) wrote:
> Netnews is quite efficient at one-to-many communication and does not
> suffer from spam as much as email does.

  ... because of the design of the protocol.  You've got to request
netnews.  Spam gets forced down your throat.

  As I've said before, the structure of SMTP itself is a large part of
the reason for the spam problem.

  Alan DeKok.
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To: Steven F Siirila <sfs@tc.umn.edu>
Cc: "Ronald F. Guilmette" <rfg@monkeys.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Amend the RFC to require reverse DNS 
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 10:21:41 -0800


Blocking based on rDNS, IMO, is bad -- it punishes an ISP's *users* rather
than the ISP themselves.

For example, until last week, I was using an ISP that did not have rDNS
for their outgoing SMTP servers.  Now *I* know the importance of rDNS for
SMTP servers etc., but I was just a user.   My 3 support requests didn't
count for much, and as far as I know the servers still have no rDNS.

The stock response to this is "well, change ISP" -- but that's a naive
view of most of the world, where the choice is not available.  In my case
(in Ireland), accessing the net through this ISP was 2/3 the price of its
nearest competitor.

No way was I going to pay extra for the privilege of not getting the
occasional bounce from an over-aggressive mail filter.  I mean,
considering I'm adminning a couple of spamfilter discussion groups, I get
a bounce message (generally on the level of "your mail contained the word
'viagra'") every 3 minutes anyway ;)

Also, requiring rDNS is not even that effective a test; our rule for this
condition in SpamAssassin gets this rate:

	35.5901   3.0576    0.921   0.78    1.33  NO_DNS_FOR_FROM

in other words 35.59% of spam has no rDNS, but 3.05% of ALL nonspam mail
does too.  The latter is bad news, it's a *very* high false positive rate.

--j.
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 13:13:21 -0500


Anti-Spam Research Group (ASRG)
Thursday, March 20 at 0900 - 1130
==================================

CHAIR:
	Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>


AGENDA:

Agenda bashing, Paul Judge, 5 mins 

Review charter, Paul Judge, 10 mins
	-Consent-based communications
	-goals

-----Background and Views of the Problem-----

Size of Problem,  Laura Atkins, SpamCon, 10 mins

The Email Service Providers View: difficulties of communicating consent,
Hans Peter Brondomo, NAI Email Service Provider Coalition, 10 mins

Best Practices for End-Users, John Morris, Center for Democracy and
Technology, 10 mins

How Lawsuits Against Spammers Can Aid Spam-Filtering Technology,  Jon Praed,
Internet Law Group, 15 mins

-----RG Work Items-----

Review progress and milestones, Paul Judge, 15 mins
	-progress on list so far
	-desirable char. of source tracking
	-desirable char. of anti-spam systems
	-inventory of problems
	-taxonomy
	-others...

Taxonomy of anti-spam technologies, Paul Judge, 20 mins

-----Overviews of Different Approaches-----

Summary of Proposed Authentication Systems, Philip Hallam-Baker, Verisign,
15 mins
A Consent-Based Architecture, David Brussin, ePrivacy Group, 15 mins
A Cost-Based Model: "Economic disincentives", Balachander Krishnamurthy,
AT&T Research, 15 mins

-----Wrap Up-----
Next Steps, 10 mins
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Testing content filters
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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On Wednesday, Mar 19, 2003, at 14:10 Europe/London, Vernon Schryver 
wrote:

> However, this does not sound useful enough for me to
> put it into the DCC this year.  Spam and viruses differ.  It's far
> more difficult and/or dangerous to give a Windows box a test infection
> of a virus than to send test spam to a mail system.  To test a spam
> filter that can be tested with a standardized test, you can instead
> grab something from NANAS or whatever spam you hate and send it from
> somewhere, such as a free provider or one of your own systems.

That would be fine if your content filter is 100% effective, but last 
time I looked the DCC wasn't. So you have no guarantee that a 
particular spam is going to trigger it. You're effectively asking your 
users to do the legwork, and that doesn't scale.

Matt.

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At 12:00 AM +0000 3/19/03, Claus Färber wrote:
>Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk> schrieb/wrote:
>>  Criminalising spam would have the effect of stopping the mainsleaze
>>  spammers, while giving you an extra weapon in your battle against the
>>  underground spammers.
>
>The main advantage of crimilalisation is that a public prosecutor, who
>has more investigative powers, would have to fight spam.

The main disadvantage is that they to be interested in doing so.  The 
fact that criminal activity is taking place does not automatically 
mean that the government will chase after it.  In the long list of 
things to prosecute I suspect spam would be *way* down on the list. 
Unless of course you can make it a guaranteed profit center for the 
prosecution--like speeding tickets.  But somehow I can't see spam 
being that simple to prosecute.  (And as Barry Shein is fond of 
saying--why should we expect the government to chase after spammers 
when we won't let them tax the internet to support such things? 
(Rhetorical question--I do *not* want an answer.))
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Cc: Steven F Siirila <sfs@tc.umn.edu>, "Ronald F. Guilmette" <rfg@monkeys.com>,
        asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Amend the RFC to require reverse DNS
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 12:33:13 -0600

On Wed, Mar 19, 2003 at 10:21:41AM -0800, Justin Mason wrote:
> 
> Also, requiring rDNS is not even that effective a test; our rule for this
> condition in SpamAssassin gets this rate:
> 
> 	35.5901   3.0576    0.921   0.78    1.33  NO_DNS_FOR_FROM
> 
> in other words 35.59% of spam has no rDNS, but 3.05% of ALL nonspam mail
> does too.  The latter is bad news, it's a *very* high false positive rate.

I should note that our rDNS is based on the calling MTA, NOT the envelope
FROM domain.

Again, if you have a means for users to "poke a hole through the block" in
a fashion that requires no intervention on the part of the mail admin (which
is the case with us) it allows the site to be more aggressive with rules
such as this.

-- 

Steven F. Siirila			Office: Lind Hall, Room 130B
Internet Services			E-mail: sfs@umn.edu
Office of Information Technology	Voice: (612) 626-0244
University of Minnesota
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From: <asrg@bobf.frankston.com>
To: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>, "'Hadmut Danisch'" <hadmut@danisch.de>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] This research group will fail 
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One paragraph gives a hint of the answer: "The interesting thing is that
this list seems to contain neither spammers nor people who make a living
selling anti-spam solutions.  It is however full of people who have an
interest in protecting their systems from spam.

We are those 400M and are the real target because we care. Solutions
that work at the edges get embraced. It's called the marketplace. MIME
is a great example -- some people at the edges built tools and then some
vendors adopted it so it made it easier for the rest of us (not them,
us) to take advantage of it. 

OK, not all of you on the list but some of us like typography and can
avail ourselves of it. An ISP wouldn't give us that kind of choice and I
can decide if I want to bother writing messages in a down-level format
(though MIME tries to make dual messaging the default). Of course a
Unicode Mime message with binhex/uuencode (or whatever) gets huge. Why,
I remember when a message of a 100 lines got a flag "LARGE MESSAGE", now
a few megabytes flits by unnoticed.

I do vary my email address and do quench messages reaped send to that
address and my web site generates unique addresses for each visit. It's
a weak version of what I want but it has helped me prescreen a lot of
messages on my site. I still get a 100:1 ratio of spam to real messages
and hope that going further to using crypto-capabilities will give me
much more control.

The key is that focus on people who care and those are the people at the
end points.

Oh, there are others who care a lot -- those are the IT gatekeepers and
they tend to care about their gateways and often frustrate those of us
being protected. I remember trying to argue for mere than 5MB of email
storage space in the mid 90's and was turned down. Even as my PC's were
getting gigabytes of storage.

There are also the ISPs who want to pander to the user's misperceptions
and sell them protection -- such as MSN's promise that your child will
never learn that there is no Santa Claus. They should have the
opportunity to sell what the users are asking for but that's a product
and not fundamental and not a solution. It's like the post office doing
you a favor and protecting you from junk mail such as that silly geek
magazine that is too heavy. 


-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Sent: Wednesday, March 19, 2003 13:13
To: Hadmut Danisch
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] This research group will fail 

On Wed, 19 Mar 2003 09:33:29 PST, Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
said:

> I see strong interests to spoil any success of this group
> to find a technical solution. This group is under a 
> certain kind of attack: The commercial attack.

Hmm.. I can't speak for the commercial people, I'm about as
non-commercial
as it gets, being both civil service *AND* academia.   A big chunk of
the "spoil the success" is really just those of us who have tried the
same
things before pointing out the problems that were encountered the last
time.
(For instance, I don't think I've come out and said "this can't possibly
work"
too often - though I'll admit I've tossed my share of "but first you
have to
fix this...")

> Why are so many people strictly against anything what could prevent
> spam at the sender side? Because the sender wouldn't pay for a
> solution. Why do so many people insist on the freedom of the sender
> to send whatever the sender wishes to send with a sender address the
> sender can randomly choose? Simple answer: That's the only way to make
> the recipient buy anti-spam-software or anti-spam-services.

Actually, the problem is that there are *3* places we can stop the
problem:  the several hundred spammers, 100K ISPs, or 400M end users.

Anybody who's tried to deploy software to end users (especially software
that involves retraining) knows 400M is the wrong place to attack. And
even a well-hidden Proof-Of-Work doesn't help here - your phone WILL
ring
when people ask why it's taking 3 minutes to send mail.

I've never said I'm *STRICTLY* against a sender-side solution.  My
generic
criteria for a sender-side solution is:  It has to be something that my
mother the Hotmail user can deploy without me or my brother having to
make a trip home to install for her.  Windows 98 on a several-year-old
PC.

And this is a very real constraint, and imposes significant barriers to
entire classes of solutions.

> I wouldn't be surprised at all if most of the spammers turned out
> to be the same people selling anti-spam-software and services, and
> trying to put through recipient-only solutions.

The interesting thing is that this list seems to contain neither
spammers
nor people who make a living selling anti-spam solutions.  It is however
full of people who have an interest in protecting their systems from
spam.

> And maybe that's why the mailing list is flooded with so much 
> rubbish and babble. That's some kind of denial of service attack.

Actually, I was attributing that to the well-known fact that the
effective
IQ of a committee is given by "minimum IQ on the committee, divided by
the
number of heads". ;)





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From: John Johnson <jjohn@mail.sirinet.net>
To: Justin Mason <jm@jmason.org>
cc: Steven F Siirila <sfs@tc.umn.edu>, "Ronald F. Guilmette" <rfg@monkeys.com>,
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Amend the RFC to require reverse DNS 
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 12:43:30 -0600 (CST)

On Wed, 19 Mar 2003, Justin Mason wrote:

> For example, until last week, I was using an ISP that did not have rDNS
> for their outgoing SMTP servers.  Now *I* know the importance of rDNS for
> SMTP servers etc., but I was just a user.   My 3 support requests didn't
> count for much, and as far as I know the servers still have no rDNS.

  That is the purpose of a group such as this - to establish standards
  expected for effective inter-operation. If your ISP does not adhere
  to *current* established standards, why would any additional changes
  be any more effective.

> The stock response to this is "well, change ISP" -- but that's a naive
> view of most of the world, where the choice is not available.  In my case
> (in Ireland), accessing the net through this ISP was 2/3 the price of its
> nearest competitor.

  Complaining is not working? Do they even answer your requests?
  I'm sure that you are aware that paying them rewards them for
  not following standard practices.

> Also, requiring rDNS is not even that effective a test; our rule for this
> condition in SpamAssassin gets this rate:
>
> 	35.5901   3.0576    0.921   0.78    1.33  NO_DNS_FOR_FROM
>
> in other words 35.59% of spam has no rDNS, but 3.05% of ALL nonspam mail
> does too.  The latter is bad news, it's a *very* high false positive rate.

  Spam outfits have a habit of targeting secondary mail servers
  (higher MX value). By just introducing rDNS checks on our
  secondary mail server, we cut down on a huge amount of wasted
  connections.

---
   John Johnson - System Administrator;  Sirius Systems Group
   jjohn@sirinet.net    KJ5AA
   (580) 355-6436

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Subject: [Asrg] Requirements to solutions
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 10:39:24 -0800

Hi,

I'd like to share some of my private notes about
requirements a solution must/should fulfill:


- must work everywhere on the world, in every legislation
- must work with every spammer, regardless of age, etc.
- must work with every recipient, regardless of age,...
- must work even if spammers know all details
  - must fulfill Shannon's Maxim  (Attacker knows cryptographical methods)
  - must fulfill Kerckhoff's Law

- must be robust
- must not require to be updated often
- must work with any language
- must work with encrypted messages
- must be easy to maintain
- must work for the dummy user


Any comments or objections?

Hadmut


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From: <asrg@bobf.frankston.com>
To: "'Kee Hinckley'" <nazgul@somewhere.com>, <asrg@bobf.frankston.com>
Cc: "'Chris Lewis'" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] An amazing amount of spam
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You can host your own filter on the far end of your slow line. It's the
same kind of problem that RIM users face. The point is that it's a
service the end user can request and not internal to the Internet.

I'm just trying to point out that the clogging of the arteries argument
is not rationale given the terabit pipes lying fallow. It's a temporary
condition at some slow edge points.

My current connection is very slow -- 1.5MB down and a pathetic 385KB
up. It's better than the .000010MB I used to have. There are other
reasons for doing upstream processing. As I've mentioned I do my local
filtering and am experimenting with popfile -- I can just as easily host
them remotely as at my end point. An ISP might even offer to do it for
me. It's my choice and a service.

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Kee
Hinckley
Sent: Wednesday, March 19, 2003 12:10
To: asrg@bobf.frankston.com
Cc: 'Chris Lewis'; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] An amazing amount of spam

At 11:07 AM -0500 3/19/03, <asrg@bobf.frankston.com> wrote:
>I value my time far more than I value the Internet infrastructure. The
>infrastructure can take care of itself and isn't really being burdened
>since we expect to be able to have our own personal HDTV video streams
>as casual traffic. Spam is zero percent of that.

You've been living on high-speed connections for far too long.  Email 
is a world-wide system, and HDTV internet bandwidth is a fantasy for 
most people, even in the U.S..  And has already been discussed on 
this list, bandwidth is becoming a significant problem.  I have no 
desire to spend an extra $100/month just to handle the spam I'm 
bouncing from my server, but that's where spam is forcing me to go.

I'm not saying that your priorities are off with regards to bandwidth 
vs. time.  But that doesn't mean that you can just ignore the 
bandwidth problem.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to
accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to
regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

_______________________________________________
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar 19 14:00:44 2003
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From: "Lee Murach" <lemur@codemode.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <20030318224501.26415.89986.Mailman@www1.ietf.org> <Pine.LNX.4.53.0303182017500.11892@shishi.roaringpenguin.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Anti-spam idea
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Hi David,

You're right of course.  And thank you for pointing that out.  I didn't post
to this list because I thought I had anticipated every possible objection to
my proposal, or because I supposed that no one else was thinking along the
same lines.  Rather, I had hoped that people here would be on their toes,
and would be able to raise objections that had not occurred to me, as you
have done. I've received some well-considered email to my post. Thanks for
the enlightenment, all ye respondents!

In my original conception, I had the spam line contain both a from-spam-code
and to-spam-code.  But when I considered an exchange between two peers, it
appeared that two codes were superfluous, and that one would suffice.  Oops.
Actually, A does need to check B's reply to see that it contains A's spam
code where it ought to be.  Otherwise, the spam-shake can be spoofed.  So
make this correction.

As for the fly-by-night spammer, it seems you're right that it's not as
impractical as I was assuming.  It's possible that an e-mail protocol could
make the spammer identifiable, in this case because you wouldn't expect a
legitimate bulk-mailer to be receiving a flood of spam-replies.  And perhaps
the ISP could stop a spam in progress by holding onto these replies. But
that's not what I was trying to achieve.

--
Lee

----- Original Message -----
From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 5:22 PM
Subject: [Asrg] Re: Anti-spam idea


> > From: "Lee Murach" <lemur@codemode.com>
>
> > A sends a message to B.  B sends it back to A, whereupon A resends the =
> > message to B.  The result: B receives A's message, and A learns B's spam
=
> > code.
>
> Think for a second what happens if this is widely implemented.
>
> Evil spammer sends spam to B, claiming it's from A.  B sends it to A,
> and because A is nice and well behaved, it learns B's spam code and
> replies.  B gets the spam anyway.
>
> Of course, you can finesse the protocol by having A not respond to
> messages it knows it didn't send, but the book-keeping gets onerous
> for large organizations.  And if the challenge/response is implemented
> in the MUA, A has to deal with "reflected" spam.
>
> > But the spammer, assuming he doesn't already know the codes, will be =
> > obliglied to receive and process replies from each recipient in order to
=
> > learn them.  This is scarcely practical.
>
> Why not?  Domains cost $10/year.  It's no sweat to set up a domain and
> a Linux box for a day just to do the handshaking.  You disappear the
> next day.
>
> This is another kind of challenge-response system, but the response is
> too easily automated, and the extra traffic is not justifiable.
>
> --
> David.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>

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To: "'Kee Hinckley'" <products@somewhere.com>
Cc: <asgr@bobf.frankston.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam cannot be solved at the source
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Well, now we're into design. If you leave your credit cards lying around
with your passwords written on them you're exposed. This is a bit better
in that you don't have to reuse the capabilities. If one escapes you can
determine the source and quench it. Ideally you wouldn't reuse them
anyway -- they would be used to establish the relationships and then you
can use another one for the specific messages and threads.

You will in fact get some used for "spam", it's called marketing and CRM
but you can determine if you want to read that particular catalog this
week or put it in the pile of boring stuff. A good marketer will even
mark the message as being a generic catalog or specific to a query or a
sales confirmation. It's in their interest in helping you find what you
want.

A bad marketer -- they'll just get quenched when their mail is ignored.

Will people still try to harvest addresses and sell a billion for a
buck? Perhaps and legacy addresses won't disappear but it will tax the
high speed connection of the spammers when the success rate decreases to
essentially zero.

Conversely it will be safer to put your addresses in organization and
other listings since you can determine the source. You can even choose
to add rating information if you want or other schemes as discussed
including, as I've mentioned, volunteering to read mail if the sender
has paid a third party to vouch for the address even if it is just
vouching that it was valuable enough to pay for.

For kids you can have a policy that requires messages first be approved
by you -- until their old enough to circumvent it. Perhaps that will be
the definition of maturity rather than age.

-----Original Message-----
From: Kee Hinckley [mailto:products@somewhere.com] 
Sent: Wednesday, March 19, 2003 11:18
To: Bob Frankston
Cc: asgr@bobf.frankston.com; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Spam cannot be solved at the source

At 12:58 AM -0500 3/19/03, Bob Frankston wrote:
>2^256 is a big number

Sorry, I should have been more specific.  What is going to keep them 
from testing every address they find?  The one you used to buy 
something on line.  The one you used to post to this list.  The one 
you used to send to a friend who then forwarded it to a friend who 
posted it to a list... and so on.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] An amazing amount of spam 
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asrg@bobf.frankston.com wrote:
> You can host your own filter on the far end of your slow line.

  Great!  What's your IP?  I'd like to point my MX at you.  If your
filters work, it should be easy for you to filter out the spam, and
forward the real email to me.

  On the other hand, the spam may overwhelm your slow link, and
effectively remove you from the net.  But that's not a problem,
because you can run filters at the end of the link!


  Can we please stop discussing content filters on this list?  They're
nice, but they're a work-around to the spam problem for
*individuals*.  They're not a solution for individuals, and they're
definitely not a solution for solving the problem on the network.

  Alan DeKok.
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 08:47:11 -0500

Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> wrote:
> I'd like to share some of my private notes about
> requirements a solution must/should fulfill:
...
> Any comments or objections?

 - must be easy to implement
 - must be less work than current work dealing with spam
 - must be low cost
 - must be effective

  Alan DeKok.
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 11:09:48 -0800


> Spam is a business with growing revenue. The small business
> is sending spam. The big business is selling anti-spam-solutions.
> Obviously those, who's business is either one of these, try to prevent
> a simple and effective solution. 

So every fireman is an arsonist and every policeman a theif.

A ubiquitous and pervasive authentication mechanism has value even if there
is no more spam.

Spam provides a means to get to critical mass, once a critical mass is
established it will have value in its own right.

	Phill 
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements to solutions
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On Wednesday, March 19, 2003, at 10:39  AM, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> I'd like to share some of my private notes about
> requirements a solution must/should fulfill:
>

> - must work everywhere on the world, in every legislation
> - must work with every spammer, regardless of age, etc.
> - must work with every recipient, regardless of age,...
> - must work even if spammers know all details
>   - must fulfill Shannon's Maxim  (Attacker knows cryptographical 
> methods)
>   - must fulfill Kerckhoff's Law
>
> - must be robust
> - must not require to be updated often
> - must work with any language
> - must work with encrypted messages
> - must be easy to maintain
> - must work for the dummy user
>
>
> Any comments or objections?
>

we can all go home now, I guess.

but seriously, A solution doing ALL that is impossible. A suite of 
solutions that to a greater or lesser degree do some of that in an 
overlapping way? we'll still not make 100% of the goal. If anything 
less than 100% success is failure, we might as well go home.

(email != a manned space flight to mars, though, so maybe we don't need 
massive over-engineering and triple redundancy?)


-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/


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	 <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Requirements to solutions
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 14:02:33 -0500

A thread already existed on requirements. I also pointed it out in my
message titled "ASRG Work Items".

It would have been ideal to add your comments to that list of requirements
that was being built.

I have compiled the contributions from that earlier thread and was planning
to discuss tomorrow. I will add your input and redistribute.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hadmut Danisch [mailto:hadmut@danisch.de] 
> Sent: Wednesday, March 19, 2003 1:39 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Requirements to solutions
> 
> 
> Hi,
> 
> I'd like to share some of my private notes about
> requirements a solution must/should fulfill:
> 
> 
> - must work everywhere on the world, in every legislation
> - must work with every spammer, regardless of age, etc.
> - must work with every recipient, regardless of age,...
> - must work even if spammers know all details
>   - must fulfill Shannon's Maxim  (Attacker knows 
> cryptographical methods)
>   - must fulfill Kerckhoff's Law
> 
> - must be robust
> - must not require to be updated often
> - must work with any language
> - must work with encrypted messages
> - must be easy to maintain
> - must work for the dummy user
> 
> 
> Any comments or objections?
> 
> Hadmut
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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Subject: [Asrg] Requirements for anti-spam systems-Draft 1
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 14:13:15 -0500


This is a draft of high-level requirements for anti-spam systems. This list
was started by Keith Moore. This draft incorporates feedback from
Balachander Krishnamurthy, Gary Feldman, Troy Rollo, Damon Sauer, Paul
Judge, and Hadmut Danisch.


1.	must minimize unwanted messages to some acceptable level
2.	must not affect delivery(latency, integrity, cost, reliability) of
wanted messages to a point that would effect the normal use of email
3.	must be easy to use 
4.	must be easy to deploy, incrementally
	a.	must provide incentives to deploy for those doing the
deployment
5.	must not depend on universal deployment to be effective
6.	must not reduce privacy
7.	must have minimal administration and implementation overhead
8.	must have minimal computational and bandwidth overhead
9.    must consider the threat and be robust in the face of such threats
	-(potential new work item: a spam threat model)
	some properties of the threat:
		- adversary knows details of anti-spam systems
		- adversary is intelligent and well-funded
10. should consider how legal issues affect, support, or constrain the
technical solution
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Hadmut Danisch wrote:

>Hi,
>
>I meanwhile came to the conclusion that this 
>working/research group's will certainly fail.
>
>I see strong interests to spoil any success of this group
>to find a technical solution. This group is under a 
>certain kind of attack: The commercial attack
>

Ah, but we are here now (on the list, in SF, whatever), and there is a 
real problem to solve. Like usual in the internet as we know it, there 
are people/businesses who will try to commercialize the problem, provide 
boxed and shrink-wrapped 'solutions', etc. This is nothing new, it has 
been happening for years. Fortunately, these people and businesses do 
not run the IETF (and related organizations). If we want to reach a 
concensus on how to solve the spam-problem, the IETF is the place to do 
that. We will just have to make sure that we do not get lured into 
someone's business plan, just like all research/working groups. RFC2026 
is one tool to keep proprietary "solutions" out of the standards 
process. People who are vigilant against attempts to decommodotize 
protocols and infrastructure are another guard against this.

It was to be expected that those who stand to gain by spam (either by 
spamming themselves or by sellling anti/spam-related services) would try 
to secure their interests. This should not keep us from attempting to 
solve the problem in the 'traditional' way (rough consencus, running 
code, at least two interoperable implementations). It is premature to 
spell the demise of this initiative IMHO.

To paraphrase Churchill, 'we shall go on to the end... we shall fight 
them... we shall never surrender...'

Frank

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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
From: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
Cc: Margie Arbon <margie@mail-abuse.org>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 11:31:31 -0800

At 12:45 PM 3/19/2003 -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>At 10:43 PM -0800 3/18/03, Steve Schear wrote:
>>>In addition, a sender-pays system would be actively fought by every 
>>>major online publication, every major software company, and every free 
>>>web mail service.  And if you priced it cheaply enough that they 
>>>wouldn't complain, it would be so cheap as to have no impact on spam.
>>
>>Well, until the elements for a sender-pays system are available none of 
>>us will know the impact.  As to being fought by commercial interests, I'm not
>
>What rational company would spend lots of time and money deploying a 
>critical new piece of infrastructure that effects how the communicate with 
>the entire world without having some idea of the impact?

Probably very few, that's why the Intenet and most of the basic services 
never came from a rational company.


>>sure that will matter to me and many others. Because our vision of 
>>sender-pays can be entirely end-user controlled it is our decision if we 
>>cut ourselves off from the herd in order to ensure our peace of mind.
>
>It's the "herd" that needs a solution.  A solution which involves 
>restricting non-spam communications to a small group of the technical 
>elite is technically interesting, but not terribly relevant.

The spam issue is like gun control.  Many people back strict laws and law 
enforcement as THE solution even though they know that by the time their 
telephone call to emergency services brings help it could very well be too 
late for them.  Others (especially in the U.S.) take a proactive approach: 
they keep and bear arms (some concealed while out in public).

Sender-pays is like being armed.  I'm betting that clients implementing a 
stamps approach will fare well enough at controlling spam to eventually 
gain serious industry consideration.  But even if it doesn't it may still 
help those so armed.


>>If you take a look at http://www.camram.org you'll see that it includes 
>>features for a "jail" to hold possible spam.  The client can inspect the 
>>email and decide to let it in even if the postage isn't attached and add 
>>it to their white list (e.g., vendor email in response to a 
>>subscription).  Additionally,
>
>Now put a value on a spam jail which contains 90% of your email.  And 
>consider what happens if it becomes common enough that the spammers take 
>notice and start forging addresses from commonly whitelisted senders.

I think this is where signed content could help.


>If you are an individual user, communicating primarily with a small group 
>of known senders, such a system will probably settle down and be useful.
>
>If you are someone who is technically active online, or running a business 
>that requires timely contact with random people in the outside world, such 
>a system will be more painful than the spam.

Agreed, no one solution is likely to fit all.


>Spam solutions which violate basic economic principals (e.g. "Most people 
>will not spend money in order to hurt themselves") are not going to be 
>successful.
>
>At the early adopter stage, sender-pays is indistinguishable from simple 
>whitelisting.  Except that it costs the sender more money.

Forcing unknown senders to spend even a bit more time or a bit of money in 
order for their emails to be seen is all that may be necessary to sort them 
out from others who's economics depend on enormous volumes of free or 
nearly free emails.


>If you think I'm missing something here, then please let me know. But 
>please keep in mind that I'm not arguing that the system isn't technically 
>feasible, or even desirable.  I'm simply arguing that a system that hurts 
>early adopters more than it helps them is not likely to be adopted.

Many people are already forced by spam to abandon email addresses they've 
used for years.  This transition hurts them (they must spend time and 
effort to inform their previous/frequent contact), yet its done all the 
time because they believe it may provide a respite from the flood.  Would 
adopting a sender-pays be more harmful or difficult?  I don't know and none 
of us will until various combinations of sender-pays are fielded and trialed.


steve

"Liberty cannot be preserved without a general
knowledge among the people... Be not intimidated,
therefore, by any terrors, from publishing with the
utmost freedom...nor suffer yourselves to be wheedled
out of your liberty by any pretenses of politeness,
delicacy, or decency. These, as they are often used,
are but three different names for hypocrisy,
chicanery, and cowardice." -- John Adams

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From: <asrg@bobf.frankston.com>
To: "'Alan DeKok'" <aland@freeradius.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] An amazing amount of spam 
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My filter ain't that great -- just adequate. Sure, you can attack with
me a DOS or a DDOS but that's not spam, that's simply a tantrum or
worse.

I think we are in agreement that content filtering is, at best, a
work-around, not an answer. I'm trying to find an answer. 

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Alan
DeKok
Sent: Wednesday, March 19, 2003 08:53
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] An amazing amount of spam 

asrg@bobf.frankston.com wrote:
> You can host your own filter on the far end of your slow line.

  Great!  What's your IP?  I'd like to point my MX at you.  If your
filters work, it should be easy for you to filter out the spam, and
forward the real email to me.

  On the other hand, the spam may overwhelm your slow link, and
effectively remove you from the net.  But that's not a problem,
because you can run filters at the end of the link!


  Can we please stop discussing content filters on this list?  They're
nice, but they're a work-around to the spam problem for
*individuals*.  They're not a solution for individuals, and they're
definitely not a solution for solving the problem on the network.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for anti-spam systems-Draft 1 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 19 Mar 2003 14:13:15 EST."
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 09:34:20 -0500

Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com> wrote:
> This is a draft of high-level requirements for anti-spam systems.
...

  I would add:

7a  Must allow individual administrators to control the anti-spam
    system in their network.


  While this may sound trivially obvious, many people I've talked to
believe that all solutions should be based solely on the recipients
consent.  By this, they appear to be saying:

 1) everyone else in the network should implement the consent of the
    recipient.

 2) the administrator of the network used by the originator of the
    email cannot implement consent OTHER than that of the recipient.

  Issue #1 doesn't scale to a network with millions of recipients and
millions of sendewrs.

  Issue #2 means that the administrator of a sending network cannot
decide (say) to filter outgoing port 25 for dial-up users.

  While I agree that such filtering is non-optimal, it *is* a valid
configuration of the administrators network, and should not be
prevented.

  Alan DeKok.
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Hadmut Danisch wrote:

>Hi,
>
>I'd like to share some of my private notes about
>requirements a solution must/should fulfill:
>
>
>- must work everywhere on the world, in every legislation
>- must work with every spammer, regardless of age, etc.
>- must work with every recipient, regardless of age,...
>- must work even if spammers know all details
>  - must fulfill Shannon's Maxim  (Attacker knows cryptographical methods)
>  - must fulfill Kerckhoff's Law
>
>- must be robust
>- must not require to be updated often
>- must work with any language
>- must work with encrypted messages
>- must be easy to maintain
>- must work for the dummy user
>
>
>Any comments or objections?
>
 - must be as simple as possible in implementation (KISS)
 - must be free of restricted IP (as in intellectual 'property')
 - must limit the load increase on the network to a minimum (think 
low-speed links, pay-per-packet links, etc)
 - must not increase the cost of email for users (so no pay-per-mail)

Frank

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To: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 19 Mar 2003 11:31:31 PST."
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On Wed, 19 Mar 2003 11:31:31 PST, Steve Schear said:
> At 12:45 PM 3/19/2003 -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> >Now put a value on a spam jail which contains 90% of your email.  And 
> >consider what happens if it becomes common enough that the spammers take 
> >notice and start forging addresses from commonly whitelisted senders.
> 
> I think this is where signed content could help.

Interesting how there's very little signed content on this list.

I've even had complaints from people whos MUAs dont even understand signed
content.

The phrase "eating your own dog food" comes to mind.....

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Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 7:21 AM -0500 3/19/03, Daniel Feenberg wrote:

>> overloaded, even the most recalcitrant owners eventually close them. In
>> the end (the "Nash equilibrium") many sites subscribe to a black hole
>> list, nearly all open relays are closed, and there is no need for
>> universal agreement to get to that end. It may take a while though.

> Why do you think it hasn't happened already.  Those lists have been 
> around for years.  Have open-relays significantly decreased?

As a percentage of spam?  Absolutely.

Total?  Well, given that spam itself is exponentially increasing, I'm 
not sure whether we can measure that, especially since open proxy/socks 
has become the technique de-jour.  But the numbers I'm going to show 
below are suggestive that open relay is nowhere near the problem it once 
was.

Your message prompted me into doing something I should have done for a 
while - wire in individual blacklist effectiveness into our metrics.

And here are the numbers for the past week - these are based on 
recipient counts, not message counts.

The first table talks exclusively about the results of our spamtrap, and 
shows relative effectiveness of the blacklists on a "pure spam" feed.

The second table talks exclusively about the results of the mail 
addressed to our real users.

The individual lists are annotated when they first appear.

Numbers are counts for the corresponding entry, and percentage of total 
email received.

Blacklist effectiveness spamtrap only:

BOPM            3666774  50.73 (open proxy/socks)
Flonetwork          233   0.00 (Flowgo/dartmail/doubleclick static list)
IP, NOT BL       101140   1.40 (local "hard" manual blacklist,
				being phased out)
MONKEYPROXY     4579195  63.36 (open proxy/socks)
NTblack          905852  12.53 (local automated proxy/socks/relay [+])
NTmanual         326783   4.52 (manual blacklist, new version)
OBproxies       1459108  20.19 (proxies/socks)
OBrelays         462877   6.40 (relays)
OK                   42   0.00 (whitelist)
OSinputs         836741  11.58 (Osirus relays)
OSproxy          136594   1.89 (Osirus proxies)
OSsocks         1798424  24.88 (Osirus socks)
SBL              562940   7.79 (SpamHaus spamsource BL)
TOTAL           7227413 100.00
TOTAL BLOCK     6063477  83.59 (total would-be blocked by blacklists)


Blacklist effectiveness on real email:
BOPM             100635   5.34
CONTENT           54802   2.91 (non-IP based filters, not used
				on spamtrap)
Flonetwork         6096   0.32
IP, NOT BL        34946   1.85
MONKEYPROXY      135285   7.17
NTblack           38608   2.05
NTmanual          30370   1.61
OBproxies         46420   2.46
OBrelays          17419   0.92
OK                 5330   0.28
OSinputs          31922   1.69
OSproxy            2121   0.11
OSsocks           54144   2.87
SBL               51825   2.75
TOTAL           1885655 100.00
TOTAL BLOCK      316567  16.79 (total blocked)

As you can see, relays are quite low.  Notice how monkeyproxy and BOPM 
both trap more than 50% of all inbound spam (to the spamtrap, which is 
by definition 100% spam - bounces and viruses are already stripped out).

Notice how the blacklists catch 84% of _all_ spam.  Pretty darn good 
actually.  But not perfect.  That's why we do content-based too.

> My guess is that too many people are reluncant to use them. As has been 
> discussed here, black hole lists have a reputation for lack of 
> accountability.

They have a reputation for that, but that's largely false.  BOPM, OB* 
(these two are private lists, but you'd know who it was and how to 
contact them if you ever hit a OB* blacklist block), MONKEYS[*], OSIRUS 
and SBL have _excellent_ reputations, and good 
accountability/contactability.

> If automated they have a serious problem with false 
> positives.

This is what the reputation is, but it's pure nonsense.  While it is 
true that "open relay" blacklists have a higher percentage of false 
positives than the others, the numbers are still _extremely_ low. 
Secondly, the automated testers are the most accessible ones for fixing 
of false positives.  ORDB is probably the very best of the group - 
instant delist with subsequent retest and relist if necessary.

[We can't use ORDB, because we have to do zone transfers, and ORDB 
doesn't permit that.]

And I can show that from the above tables.

First a comment on the "OK" entry.  Our procedure for a false positive 
on a blacklist of any kind causes us to immediately enter a whitelist 
entry, and queue up a retest to each of the blacklists (where 
appropriate) for retests.  Automated-almost-to-a-single-keystroke process.

[We immediately whitelist, because our DNSBL implementation is by 
zone-transfer and DNS zone file build.  The average latency for a 3rd 
party delist via these mechanisms can be well in excess of 24 hours.]

Furthermore, many of these whitelist entries are for whole ranges we do 
in our local blacklist (like 200.148/16 and 200.158/16), and we've just 
opened up a hole for the _only_ legit mailer in the whole block. [%]

What we don't have right at the moment, is a mechanism for stripping out 
whitelist entries once the original blacklist entry disappears.  I'm 
working on it, I'm working on it ;-)

So, the "OK" entries are _every_ mail server we've ever whitelisted, 
despite the fact that the original blacklisting entry has probably long 
disappeared - so, the "OK" entries are considerably _higher_ than our 
blacklists would actually block.  Further, many of them are not from 
third party blacklists, but rather from our local listings. Only 42 for 
the spamtrap.  .28% for the production mail.  If I were presently able 
to remove the whitelist entries for the machines no longer open, the 
numbers would be probably be under .01% for our production systems too.

We get less than 5 false positive reports on average per day.

Spot checks show that at least 95% of all whitelist/retests we've issued 
have taken effect on the corresponding 3rd party blacklist.  Except 
monkeys[*]

But again, it's true that open relay blacklists have higher false 
positive rates.  Despite being responsible for perhaps 3-4% of all of 
our IP-based blocks, somewhat more than half of our IP-based false 
positives are with open relay blacklists.  And most of those are with 
OBrelays.

Why is that?  Simple:

1) machines that were open relays are more likely to have been intended 
to send email than a simple open proxy or socks server, so, "legit" 
users are more likely to hit a blacklist entry.  Most open proxy or 
socks hits are _not_ mail servers and were never intended to be. So 
nobody notices.  Nobody cares either (except the spammer, but they don't 
notice).

2) Lesser used blacklists have higher FP rates, because fewer legit 
senders hit them. OBrelays is only used by two sites: us, and its 
maintainer.  Despite being _large_ (OB is > 30 million mail addresses), 
it's still small compared to the coverage of the other lists, hence the 
relatively higher FP percentage.

3) Most of the open relay FPs are servers that are no longer open but 
didn't have enough BL coverage to notice. Most of the open proxy/socks 
hits are servers that are still open.

What does this all mean?

Well, what Joe said - perhaps our "filtering BCP" should _explicitly_ 
state that all mail filtering systems should be using well known and 
reputable open relay and open proxy/socks blacklist.

In this way we encourage much greater coverage, so that (a) site owners 
find out much quicker they have a problem and (b) stale entries are 
cleaned up much faster.  In other words, list accuracy is vastly 
improved, and broken servers are fixed much faster.  Open proxy/socks 
blacklist usage is already "best practise" with IRC servers.  See the 
BOPM web site.

> If manual they cost money.  While individuals may have some 
> degree of tolerance for false positives, most companies and ISPs are not 
> so tolerant--all it takes is one bad instance and you're all over the 
> press (college admissions notifications blocked, Mac.com blocking domain 
> renewal emails...).

Look at the above numbers, and remember who we are.  Obviously, we're 
VERY intolerant of false positives.  We're doing fine.

[*] I have an issue with MONKEYSPROXY because the criteria for removal 
isn't "just fix the open socks or proxy and ask for retest" - because 
asking for the retest has other extraneous requirements.  In effect, a 
MONKEYSPROXY entry either means you have an open proxy/socks, OR, you 
may simply not have been able to formulate a retest request that MONKEYS 
would accept  We can't do third-party retest requests with MONKEYS, for 
example.

This does not seem to cause _us_ much trouble in practise (since we 
whitelist), but if you're high volume like us and not actively 
whitelisting like us, it may make you think twice about using it, 
despite how good it is.  I'd rather it followed the BOPM or ORDB model 
here.  Still and all, I think we've gotten 5 false positive reports for 
Monkeys in 3 months.

[+] automated testing is triggered by at least 3 spam-in-hands in a day 
hitting our spamtrap, one week minimum testing interval.  3 week no 
repeat expiration.  Ignored/not tested/listed if IP already blacklisted 
elsewhere.  Allows us to automatically detect "new" open 
relays/proxies/socks hitting the spamtrap and publishing blacklist 
entries to production servers.  Experimental.  May be decommissioned.

[%] 1000+ IPs spewing email from us from a /16, and 98%+ of them are 
already listed as open relays/socks/proxies.  The rest of them are 
behaving as if they are. Sigh.

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asrg@bobf.frankston.com wrote:
> My filter ain't that great -- just adequate. Sure, you can attack with
> me a DOS or a DDOS but that's not spam, that's simply a tantrum or
> worse.

Alan's MX isn't a DOS.  Alan's MX is _real_ spam.  No kidding.  I've looked.

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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 20:54:52 +0100
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Paul Judge wrote:

>This is a draft of high-level requirements for anti-spam systems. This list
>was started by Keith Moore. This draft incorporates feedback from
>Balachander Krishnamurthy, Gary Feldman, Troy Rollo, Damon Sauer, Paul
>Judge, and Hadmut Danisch.
>
>
>1.	must minimize unwanted messages to some acceptable level
>2.	must not affect delivery(latency, integrity, cost, reliability) of
>wanted messages to a point that would effect the normal use of email
>3.	must be easy to use 
>4.	must be easy to deploy, incrementally
>	a.	must provide incentives to deploy for those doing the
>deployment
>5.	must not depend on universal deployment to be effective
>6.	must not reduce privacy
>7.	must have minimal administration and implementation overhead
>8.	must have minimal computational and bandwidth overhead
>9.    must consider the threat and be robust in the face of such threats
>	-(potential new work item: a spam threat model)
>	some properties of the threat:
>		- adversary knows details of anti-spam systems
>		- adversary is intelligent and well-funded
>10. should consider how legal issues affect, support, or constrain the
>technical solution
>  
>
(sent previously as reply to Hadmut's mail. most points in that reply 
are mostly covered but...)

11.   must not violate RFC2026 (no proprietary solutions, no IP 
restrictions)

Partly covered by point 10, but important so...

Frank

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Alan DeKok wrote:
> asrg@bobf.frankston.com wrote:
> 
>>You can host your own filter on the far end of your slow line.

>   Great!  What's your IP?  I'd like to point my MX at you. If your
> filters work, it should be easy for you to filter out the spam, and
> forward the real email to me.

Alan's MX is a weapon of mass destruction.

It proves beyond any shadow of a doubt that tweaks to mail reader 
metaphors and user-end filtering (or even most ISP filtering) will not 
be able to keep up. Even AOL wouldn't survive the spam:good ratio that 
Alan see.  There simply ain't enough pipes on the whole planet to do that.

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Alan DeKok wrote:

>   Issue #2 means that the administrator of a sending network cannot
> decide (say) to filter outgoing port 25 for dial-up users.

Issue #2 also means that the administrator of a receiving network cannot 
enforce policy.  Think corporations and employment agreements.

Also, in general, consider distributed spam filtering techniques, like 
DCC et. al.  Centralized/administrator update/control are critical to 
their operation.  Sure, in some circumstances, a user should be able to 
turn them off or whitelist, but...

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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 15:01:20 -0500 (EST)

From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>

> I wouldn't be surprised at all if most of the spammers turned out
> to be the same people selling anti-spam-software and services, and
> trying to put through recipient-only solutions.

Full-disclosure: I make a living selling anti-spam software.

Nevertheless, I am not a spammer.  I also give away the core of my
product for free under the GPL.  And I offer for free anti-spam ideas
that anyone (including my competitors) can use or not as they see fit---
I don't go for dumb patents or stupid trade secret protection.

The bottom line is that I also think this research group will fail,
if by "fail" you mean "find an effective standard solution that stops
almost all spam, and is implementable within the next decade."

I think my business model is realistic:  I don't expect a real
solution to spam without massive reworking of Internet protocols, and
I don't expect that reworking to take place in under a decade.  In the
meantime, I see an opportunity.

If you do not like my business model, don't buy my products, or else
just use the GPL'd subset.

--
David.
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 20:17:39 +0000 (GMT)

On Wed, 19 Mar 2003, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> Spam is a business with growing revenue. The small business
> is sending spam. The big business is selling anti-spam-solutions.
> Obviously those, who's business is either one of these, try to prevent
> a simple and effective solution. 
> 
> The situation is similar to the virus/worm threat: Some parties make
> huge revenues with selling anti-virus-solutions. It would be their
> sudden death if application software and operating systems became
> virus proof. Some of the anti-virus-software manufacturers are
> suspected to viruses themselves in order to keep their business
> alive. 
> 
> I am under the impression that there is the very same situation with 
> Spam: It's business, it's revenue, it's profits, and thus it must not be
> spoiled. Anti-spam efforts are welcome as long as they strengthen the
> public awareness of spam and make people purchase
> anti-spam-solutions.

I take real offense to this tone. As someone who works at a successful
anti-virus company (we named Klez) I can tell you quite clearly - there is
no attempt or motivation here to put out viruses or even keep virus
writers working. To suggest otherwise is insulting to those who work in
this business.

Yesterday I told a customer I was trying to get involved in the IETF's 
efforts to "fix" the spam problem, however that may turn out. He was 
surprised we would work to put ourselves out of business. But at the end 
of the day this is going to happen whether we're involved or not, so 
better to be involved than not. And any solution is going to involve a 
long transition period for our customers, and we can hopefully be there to 
ease that transition.

I want to see an end to spam as much as the next guy. I'm shit scared of
striker, and I'm an email user too. But the solution has to be practical,
and it has to have tangible benefits or my boss and my boss's boss are not
going to buy into it. And if they don't buy into it they won't sell it to
our customers, and you get a large section of the internet not interested
in using your scheme.

The last thing *I* want to do is prevent an answer to the spam problem 
happening.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for anti-spam systems-Draft 1 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 19 Mar 2003 14:59:51 EST."
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 09:57:26 -0500

"Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:
> Issue #2 also means that the administrator of a receiving network cannot 
> enforce policy.  Think corporations and employment agreements.

  I would then say to NOT add my comment as 7a), but instead a new
entry:

n+1) Every network element must be permitted to administer their own
     anti-spam policy, irrespective of anyone elses policy or consent.

  Some people will object strenuously to this statement, for various
reasons.  But the reality is that this is already happening today.
It's called dropping packets when the link gets full.

  The network is not reliable.  The network does NOT enforce your
wishes to communicate with others.  It's best-effort, and your data
may not make it through.  We already accept this behaviour, and I
believe that we should make such acceptance explicit for anti-spam
solutions.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 20:20:17 +0000 (GMT)

On Wed, 19 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> >overloaded, even the most recalcitrant owners eventually close them. In
> >the end (the "Nash equilibrium") many sites subscribe to a black hole
> >list, nearly all open relays are closed, and there is no need for
> >universal agreement to get to that end. It may take a while though.
> 
> Why do you think it hasn't happened already.  Those lists have been 
> around for years.  Have open-relays significantly decreased?

According to our stats, yes.

Matt.

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To: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
From: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far 
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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References: <Your message of "Wed, 19 Mar 2003 11:31:31 PST." <5.1.0.14.2.20030319100246.04899280@mail.attbi.com>
 <5.1.0.14.2.20030318222537.04823958@mail.attbi.com>
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 12:11:09 -0800


-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

At 02:48 PM 3/19/2003 -0500, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:
>On Wed, 19 Mar 2003 11:31:31 PST, Steve Schear said:
> > At 12:45 PM 3/19/2003 -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>
> > >Now put a value on a spam jail which contains 90% of your email.  And
> > >consider what happens if it becomes common enough that the spammers take
> > >notice and start forging addresses from commonly whitelisted senders.
> >
> > I think this is where signed content could help.
>
>Interesting how there's very little signed content on this list.
>
>I've even had complaints from people whos MUAs dont even understand signed
>content.
>
>The phrase "eating your own dog food" comes to mind.....

Point well taken


"War is just a racket ... something that is not what it seems to the 
majority of people. Only a small group knows what its about. It is 
conducted for the benefit of the very few at the expense of the 
masses."  --- Major General Smedley Butler, 1933
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On Wed, 19 Mar 2003 09:34:20 EST, Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>  said:

>  2) the administrator of the network used by the originator of the
>     email cannot implement consent OTHER than that of the recipient.

>   Issue #2 means that the administrator of a sending network cannot
> decide (say) to filter outgoing port 25 for dial-up users.

This can also be important in corporate environments, although there
it's usually an easier job to deploy port filters (and since the users
are employees, it's easier to smack them upside the head - you usually
can't do that to an idiot customer.. ;)


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To: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
From: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] This research group will fail 
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 12:29:53 -0800

At 01:13 PM 3/19/2003 -0500, you wrote:
>Anybody who's tried to deploy software to end users (especially software
>that involves retraining) knows 400M is the wrong place to attack. And
>even a well-hidden Proof-Of-Work doesn't help here - your phone WILL ring
>when people ask why it's taking 3 minutes to send mail.

Not if they don't have my phone number.  Which they probably don't if they 
haven't contacted me before.


>I've never said I'm *STRICTLY* against a sender-side solution.  My generic
>criteria for a sender-side solution is:  It has to be something that my
>mother the Hotmail user can deploy without me or my brother having to
>make a trip home to install for her.  Windows 98 on a several-year-old PC.

This is not necessary for initial deployment.  After all the web didn't 
seem like it was ready for my grandmother 10 years ago.

steve

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Alan DeKok wrote:

>"Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:
>  
>
>>Issue #2 also means that the administrator of a receiving network cannot 
>>enforce policy.  Think corporations and employment agreements.
>>    
>>
>
>  I would then say to NOT add my comment as 7a), but instead a new
>entry:
>
>n+1) Every network element must be permitted to administer their own
>     anti-spam policy, irrespective of anyone elses policy or consent.
>
>  Some people will object strenuously to this statement, for various
>reasons.  But the reality is that this is already happening today.
>It's called dropping packets when the link gets full.
>
>  The network is not reliable.  The network does NOT enforce your
>wishes to communicate with others.  It's best-effort, and your data
>may not make it through.  We already accept this behaviour, and I
>believe that we should make such acceptance explicit for anti-spam
>solutions.
>
Is it really necessary to add this? IETF does not dictate how people 
control their resources after all. There are already all kinds of 
restrictions on who can access what in what manner and from where. I 
believe this will sort itself out, if some ISP (or mail service 
provider, or ...) were to impose too onerous terms and conditions users 
would just move to another ISP.

//Frank

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Alan DeKok wrote:
> list-ietf-antispam@faerber.muc.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Claus_F=E4rber?=) wrote:

>>Netnews is quite efficient at one-to-many communication and does not
>>suffer from spam as much as email does.

>   ... because of the design of the protocol.  You've got to request
> netnews.  Spam gets forced down your throat.

You have to request email too.  NNTP and SMTP->POP is effectively the 
same w.r.t. push/pull.  They don't differ in this regard.  It's just as 
easy to not request email as to not request netnews.  Problem being is 
that email is used for 1-to-1, and "not requesting" email is 
considerably more unpleasant than not requesting netnews.

The only difference in this area is that NNTP already supports a certain 
amount of browser-requested-yet-server-side-implemented filtering.  Not 
well, and not well supported by existing browsers.

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--==_Exmh_1888500024P
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

http://www.cdt.org/speech/spam/030319spamreport.pdf

(may be slashdotted)

The message I got from this was "The spammers haven't even started on
exhausting all the methods already available for getting addresses...."


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To: "'Chris Lewis'" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] An amazing amount of spam
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Didn't Bob Metcalfe already say that?

I'm trying not to be flippant and dismissive but I have a high hurdle
for effective solutions.

Spam is indeed a DOS if it is overwhelming and the solutions needn't
care about intent. There is a distinction in that if spam is due a
social process that rewards spammers then there is little incentive to
stop it. But reducing the reward might not, in itself, be enough.

But as long as we have a fundamental flaw in having one true name and
expecting to look at the content to guess all of the meaning and
intention and context then there is little hope because there aren't
enough omniscient demons to do all that work.

By using capabilities we shift much of this burden to the sender in
their choice of the token used to reach us and thereby allow policies
based on mutual information -- what capabilities I make available and
how and how those capabilities re used by the sender to indicate intent
(honest or not).

At least that gives us a mechanism.

In the meantime you can choose a filter service if you want, as AOL has
done. You're filter can operate on the decrypted message as it is
working on your behalf. I'm simply trying to separate out the issues and
flag solutions that have fundamental flaws as infrastructure.

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Chris Lewis
Sent: Wednesday, March 19, 2003 14:55
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] An amazing amount of spam

Alan DeKok wrote:
> asrg@bobf.frankston.com wrote:
> 
>>You can host your own filter on the far end of your slow line.

>   Great!  What's your IP?  I'd like to point my MX at you. If your
> filters work, it should be easy for you to filter out the spam, and
> forward the real email to me.

Alan's MX is a weapon of mass destruction.

It proves beyond any shadow of a doubt that tweaks to mail reader 
metaphors and user-end filtering (or even most ISP filtering) will not 
be able to keep up. Even AOL wouldn't survive the spam:good ratio that 
Alan see.  There simply ain't enough pipes on the whole planet to do
that.

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From: <asrg@bobf.frankston.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Requirements for anti-spam systems-Draft 1 
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I'm a little confused so I'll ask whether you agree with the following.

Best effort include attempting to deliver but failing due to congestion.

Worst efforts include deciding a given message must not be delivered and
thwarting your wishes to communicating.

Note that the current open loop email doesn't really scale in the case
of congestion. The problem is in using NAK not ACK but ACK has privacy
implications which makes the problem complicated>

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Alan
DeKok
Sent: Wednesday, March 19, 2003 09:57
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for anti-spam systems-Draft 1 

"Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:
> Issue #2 also means that the administrator of a receiving network
cannot 
> enforce policy.  Think corporations and employment agreements.

  I would then say to NOT add my comment as 7a), but instead a new
entry:

n+1) Every network element must be permitted to administer their own
     anti-spam policy, irrespective of anyone elses policy or consent.

  Some people will object strenuously to this statement, for various
reasons.  But the reality is that this is already happening today.
It's called dropping packets when the link gets full.

  The network is not reliable.  The network does NOT enforce your
wishes to communicate with others.  It's best-effort, and your data
may not make it through.  We already accept this behaviour, and I
believe that we should make such acceptance explicit for anti-spam
solutions.

  Alan DeKok.
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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements to solutions
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 21:12:35 +0000 (GMT)

On Wed, 19 Mar 2003, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> I'd like to share some of my private notes about
> requirements a solution must/should fulfill:
> 
> 
> - must work everywhere on the world, in every legislation
> - must work with every spammer, regardless of age, etc.
> - must work with every recipient, regardless of age,...
> - must work even if spammers know all details
>   - must fulfill Shannon's Maxim  (Attacker knows cryptographical methods)
>   - must fulfill Kerckhoff's Law
> 
> - must be robust
> - must not require to be updated often
> - must work with any language
> - must work with encrypted messages
> - must be easy to maintain
> - must work for the dummy user

Must not put a significant financial burden on legitimate email users.

Matt.

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To: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 15:44:27 -0500

At 11:31 AM -0800 3/19/03, Steve Schear wrote:
>Sender-pays is like being armed.  I'm betting that clients 
>implementing a stamps approach will fare well enough at controlling 
>spam to eventually gain serious industry consideration.  But even if 
>it doesn't it may still help those so armed.

You keep missing the issue.  This is nothing like being armed.  A gun 
works whether or not anyone else has one.  Sender pays works *only* 
if a significant proportion of the users have one.

>>Now put a value on a spam jail which contains 90% of your email. 
>>And consider what happens if it becomes common enough that the 
>>spammers take notice and start forging addresses from commonly 
>>whitelisted senders.
>
>I think this is where signed content could help.

Yes, it certainly could.  And the combination of a system which 
required either stamps or a signed message, and blocked messages that 
didn't have those; in combination with a good protocol for signing up 
for lists and obtaining the signature, would go a very long way 
towards providing an email system that isn't overloaded at either the 
network or individual level by spam.

A good proposal on that would require integration of web browser 
plugins, email plugins and MTA changes.  I'm sure an elegant 
architecture could be created, if it hasn't already.

But...
At 2:13 PM -0500 3/19/03, Paul Judge wrote:
>2.	must not affect delivery(latency, integrity, cost, reliability) of
>wanted messages to a point that would effect the normal use of email
>3.	must be easy to use
>4.	must be easy to deploy, incrementally
>	a.	must provide incentives to deploy for those doing the
>deployment
>5.	must not depend on universal deployment to be effective
>7.	must have minimal administration and implementation overhead
>8.	must have minimal computational and bandwidth overhead
...it has serious problems with those requirements.

>>If you are someone who is technically active online, or running a 
>>business that requires timely contact with random people in the 
>>outside world, such a system will be more painful than the spam.
>
>Agreed, no one solution is likely to fit all.

If we are proposing incremental solutions to limit spam, then that 
statement is perfectly fine.  However I don't see how you can propose 
an architecture that works only if it is universally accepted, and 
then admit that it won't fit all needs.

As an aside.  Another way to look at the current situation is that we 
have a system that meets everyone's needs pretty well--it's just that 
there is one particular class of user whose needs we would rather it 
*didn't* meet.  We're trying excise that one feature without 
impacting any other.  Personally I think that at the very least, 
"able to send mail as anyone from anywhere" is going to have to go 
with it.  Or rather--it may be able to remain, but it will require 
special software and protocols.  On the other hand.  If we can come 
up with a change that prevents email forgery of any kind, and 
requires custom software only for people who need to do it for legit 
purposes, I'd say we had a winner.  Obviously it's not quite that 
simple though.

>>Spam solutions which violate basic economic principals (e.g. "Most 
>>people will not spend money in order to hurt themselves") are not 
>>going to be successful.
>>
>>At the early adopter stage, sender-pays is indistinguishable from 
>>simple whitelisting.  Except that it costs the sender more money.
>
>Forcing unknown senders to spend even a bit more time or a bit of 
>money in order for their emails to be seen is all that may be 
>necessary to sort them out from others who's economics depend on 
>enormous volumes of free or nearly free emails.

Stop thinking about your system as though it were fully deployed and 
consider how it works in the early stages.  If you continue focusing 
on the future, without looking at how you get there, you're never 
going to get there.

At the early adopter stage you aren't forcing unknown senders to 
spend more time and money--you're forcing the users of the system to 
spend time and money.  The unknown senders aren't using the system. 
And you can't block them because they constitute the majority of your 
correspondents.

>>If you think I'm missing something here, then please let me know. 
>>But please keep in mind that I'm not arguing that the system isn't 
>>technically feasible, or even desirable.  I'm simply arguing that a 
>>system that hurts early adopters more than it helps them is not 
>>likely to be adopted.
>
>Many people are already forced by spam to abandon email addresses 
>they've used for years.  This transition hurts them (they must spend 
>time and effort to inform their previous/frequent contact), yet its 
>done all the time because they believe it may provide a respite from 
>the flood.  Would adopting a sender-pays be more harmful or 
>difficult?  I don't know and none of us will until various 
>combinations of sender-pays are fielded and trialed.

Again, you've skipped to the "everyone has it" stage.  Take that 
person currently facing the pain of having to change their address. 
You say to them, "Here, instead of changing your address.  Install 
this system.  It will take longer to send your email (or cost you 
money to send), and it won't stop any spam right now.  But it will 
eventually."

Stop telling me how it's going to stop spam when everyone is using 
it.  I believe you!  Tell me how you're going to convince people to 
use it in the first place.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Amend the RFC to require reverse DNS 
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 13:01:03 -0800


John Johnson said:
> > The stock response to this is "well, change ISP" -- but that's a naive
> > view of most of the world, where the choice is not available.  In my case
> > (in Ireland), accessing the net through this ISP was 2/3 the price of its
> > nearest competitor.
> 
>   Complaining is not working? Do they even answer your requests?
>   I'm sure that you are aware that paying them rewards them for
>   not following standard practices.

True -- but see above.  When a much stronger impetus (much cheaper net
access) applies, the details of their SMTP infrastructure is not as
important.  (Cheap net access in Ireland, BTW, means "under $100 a
month", cf http://www.irelandoffline.org/ ;).

(BTW in terms of other systems issues (uptime, reliability etc.) they are
pretty excellent; it's just this one issue I've been able to pick them
up on.)

> > in other words 35.59% of spam has no rDNS, but 3.05% of ALL nonspam mail
> > does too.  The latter is bad news, it's a *very* high false positive rate.
> 
>   Spam outfits have a habit of targeting secondary mail servers
>   (higher MX value). By just introducing rDNS checks on our
>   secondary mail server, we cut down on a huge amount of wasted
>   connections.

That's a good technique, actually.  I can see that working without FPs
(until your primary MX suffers an outage that is ;)

--j.
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To: <asrg@bobf.frankston.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] An amazing amount of spam
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 15:54:44 -0500

At 2:33 PM -0500 3/19/03, <asrg@bobf.frankston.com> wrote:
>My filter ain't that great -- just adequate. Sure, you can attack with
>me a DOS or a DDOS but that's not spam, that's simply a tantrum or
>worse.

I think you missed the part where the ISPs (and some domain users) 
have come to realize that there *is* no detectable difference between 
a flood of spam and a DoS.

In fact, that's literally true of my mail server.  I had to turn of 
the DoS protections in my new router because it kept disabling port 
25 every time my mail server overloaded.

Not to say that we shouldn't be discussing user-only features (even 
content filters).  But we shouldn't blow off the network problem. 
And we *definitely* should not deploy end-user solutions that 
aggravate the network problem.  Auto-generated email addresses fall 
into that category.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 15:53:42 -0500

At 2:13 PM -0500 3/19/03, Paul Judge wrote:
>8.	must have minimal computational and bandwidth overhead

directly or indirectly.

In other words, a system of throw-away addresses may meet a user's 
needs, but aggravate the ISP bounce problem.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] This research group will fail 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 19 Mar 2003 12:29:53 PST."
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--==_Exmh_1898693220P
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On Wed, 19 Mar 2003 12:29:53 PST, Steve Schear said:
> At 01:13 PM 3/19/2003 -0500, you wrote:
> >Anybody who's tried to deploy software to end users (especially software
> >that involves retraining) knows 400M is the wrong place to attack. And
> >even a well-hidden Proof-Of-Work doesn't help here - your phone WILL ring
> >when people ask why it's taking 3 minutes to send mail.
> 
> Not if they don't have my phone number.  Which they probably don't if they 
> haven't contacted me before.

Hmm.. your user community doesn't have the help desk phone number?  Umm,
www.bofh.org is over *THAT* way====>>  ;)

(my point was that if network operations at FooISP.com deploys something,
and it changes ANYTHING, they better be ready for their help desk phone to ring)

> This is not necessary for initial deployment.  After all the web didn't 
> seem like it was ready for my grandmother 10 years ago.

The major difference was that the web had demonstrable perceived benefits
to early adopters - the first thousand users got something.  And I've seen
many a case made that the average site designed today for IE 6 and Flash doesn't
actually convey information any more effectively than the first sites
tailored for Mosaic 0.9....

Even if you have an really great anti-spam scheme that all the propellerheads
install because it's cutting edge and cool, that will only get about 2% of
the users at most.  At that point, you better have reached critical mass
(enough people use it that it matters) *AND* have it easy enough to use that
the other 98% (the unwashed masses) can deal with it.


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Subject: [Asrg] Tragedy of the Commons
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 09:13:47 +1200

Thanks to those contributors who mentioned this issue. I found the following
1-page summary useful in understanding the background of the concept:
http://members.aol.com/trajcom/private/commons.htm

An important concept though, is that the scarce resource is not [bandwidth],
but [our attention] i.e. technology can give extra Mbs, but not extra
minutes. This concept is discussed in depth by Harry Rheingold in his 1994
article:
http://www.well.com/user/hlr/tomorrow/tomorrowcommons.html

	"Attention is the currency of cyberspace. If spammers learn 
	that the Net will turn off its attention in an organized manner, 
	maybe they'll go away before they damage the cybernetic commons. 
	If too many opportunists ignore the social agreements that make 
	the net useful as an online thinktank, the marvelous 
	knowledge-sharing culture that had scaled up so well from 
	the one thousand person ARPAnet in 1970 to the twenty million 
	person Internet of 1994 will be extinct by the time hundreds of 
	millions come online by 1999."

It seems to suggest that the only power we have, is to collectively ignore
the people who abuse our time, or those service providers who allow abusers
to flourish.


Regards, Mike Pearson

Personal: The views expressed are not necessarily those of my employer.

ph  +64 (4) 495-6769   mobile +64 (21) 631-731
fax +64 (4) 495-6669 
mailto:mike.pearson@ssc.govt.nz 
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From: <asrg@bobf.frankston.com>
To: "'Kee Hinckley'" <nazgul@somewhere.com>, <asrg@bobf.frankston.com>
Cc: "'Alan DeKok'" <aland@freeradius.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] An amazing amount of spam
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 16:26:45 -0500
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As I noted in another letter (there are far too many and I better get to
doing other stuff) Spam can indeed be a DoS. If you're getting too much
traffic for your pipe size you will have to deal with that and it may be
that you drop random messages. You can also limit messages from a source
IP address. But these are patches not solutions.

The network problem is real and should be dealt with as such. I just
worry about trying to finding technical solutions at the app level. App
level solutions controlled by the end points might change behavior and
solve the problem but we mustn't tie them closely together.

Having seen how much the net has grown and expecting that we will indeed
have everyone originating multiple VHDTV streams, I think the spam
volume isn't going to be the driving issue. Remember that telecom is
still in stasis in the first mile and in capabilities relative to the PC
and the Internet backbone. Routing multigigabit streams is the more
long-term issue than a few hundred megabytes of spam per minute.

I realize I sound too causal about this but have seen too much effort
placed in focusing on subproblems at the cost of failing to solve the
larger problems. NATs being a classic example of that kind of tragedy. 

-----Original Message-----
From: Kee Hinckley [mailto:nazgul@somewhere.com] 
Sent: Wednesday, March 19, 2003 15:55
To: asrg@bobf.frankston.com
Cc: 'Alan DeKok'; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] An amazing amount of spam

At 2:33 PM -0500 3/19/03, <asrg@bobf.frankston.com> wrote:
>My filter ain't that great -- just adequate. Sure, you can attack with
>me a DOS or a DDOS but that's not spam, that's simply a tantrum or
>worse.

I think you missed the part where the ISPs (and some domain users) 
have come to realize that there *is* no detectable difference between 
a flood of spam and a DoS.

In fact, that's literally true of my mail server.  I had to turn of 
the DoS protections in my new router because it kept disabling port 
25 every time my mail server overloaded.

Not to say that we shouldn't be discussing user-only features (even 
content filters).  But we shouldn't blow off the network problem. 
And we *definitely* should not deploy end-user solutions that 
aggravate the network problem.  Auto-generated email addresses fall 
into that category.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to
accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to
regulate
everyone else's.

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--==_Exmh_1900284508P
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On Wed, 19 Mar 2003 21:26:42 +0100, Frank de Lange <frank@unternet.org>  said:

> believe this will sort itself out, if some ISP (or mail service 
provider, or ...) were to impose too onerous terms and conditions users 
> would just move to another ISP.

And the *other* broadband provider in your area is?

This is a serious question - if there's only one provider in your area who
provides service better than dialup-56K, and they insist on shanghai'ing port
25 and filtering the bejeebers out of it, what do you do?


--==_Exmh_1900284508P
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From: Frank de Lange <frank@unternet.org>
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References: <E18vf0Q-0004oF-00@mail.nitros9.org>            <3E78D282.8090805@unternet.org> <200303192121.h2JLLBur008977@turing-police.cc.vt.edu>
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Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:

>On Wed, 19 Mar 2003 21:26:42 +0100, Frank de Lange <frank@unternet.org>  said:
>  
>
>>believe this will sort itself out, if some ISP (or mail service 
>>    
>>
>provider, or ...) were to impose too onerous terms and conditions users 
>  
>
>>would just move to another ISP.
>>    
>>
>
>And the *other* broadband provider in your area is?
>
>This is a serious question - if there's only one provider in your area who
>provides service better than dialup-56K, and they insist on shanghai'ing port
>25 and filtering the bejeebers out of it, what do you do?
>
>  
>
Actually, there is NO broadband provider in my area... That's one of the 
reasons for building a free wireless network...

It is also one of the reasons do decouple my mail from the ISP I use. 
I've moved ISP's several times because of the reason stated above (as 
well as for others), and have received mail in one of several ways. Not 
ideal, but the only way to keep control. And that is quite important to 
me, *I* want to be in control of my mail. Not my ISP, not the operator 
of some blacklist (one of my reasons for not using those), not the 
government. Not even the IETF :-)

Frank

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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam 
In-reply-to: Your message of Wed, 19 Mar 2003 14:48:20 -0500.
             <3E78C984.1020505@americasm01.nt.com> 
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 13:31:32 -0800


In message <3E78C984.1020505@americasm01.nt.com>, 
"Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:

>Blacklist effectiveness on real email:
>BOPM             100635   5.34
>CONTENT           54802   2.91 (non-IP based filters, not used
>				on spamtrap)
>Flonetwork         6096   0.32
>IP, NOT BL        34946   1.85
>MONKEYPROXY      135285   7.17
>NTblack           38608   2.05
>NTmanual          30370   1.61
>OBproxies         46420   2.46
>OBrelays          17419   0.92
>OK                 5330   0.28
>OSinputs          31922   1.69
>OSproxy            2121   0.11
>OSsocks           54144   2.87
>SBL               51825   2.75
>TOTAL           1885655 100.00
>TOTAL BLOCK      316567  16.79 (total blocked)

And the winner is.... <<drum roll>...

:-)

>As you can see, relays are quite low.  Notice how monkeyproxy and BOPM 
>both trap more than 50% of all inbound spam (to the spamtrap, which is 
>by definition 100% spam - bounces and viruses are already stripped out).

For those of you who don't already know, what Chris calls `monkeyproxy'
is more formally known as the Monkeys.Com Unsecured Proxies List (UPL).
You can read all about it here:

	http://www.monkeys.com/upl/

>We get less than 5 false positive reports on average per day.

I'll remember that you said that.  (See below.)

>Spot checks show that at least 95% of all whitelist/retests we've issued 
>have taken effect on the corresponding 3rd party blacklist.  Except 
>monkeys[*]

I'll address that below.

>1) machines that were open relays are more likely to have been intended 
>to send email than a simple open proxy or socks server, so, "legit" 
>users are more likely to hit a blacklist entry.  Most open proxy or 
>socks hits are _not_ mail servers and were never intended to be. So 
>nobody notices.  Nobody cares either (except the spammer, but they don't 
>notice).

Yes!  What Chris said.

My tests indicate that over 75% of all IPs listed in the UPL are _not_
even mail servers.

>[*] I have an issue with MONKEYSPROXY because the criteria for removal 
>isn't "just fix the open socks or proxy and ask for retest" - because 
>asking for the retest has other extraneous requirements.

The UPL re-testing/de-listing requirements are detailed here:

     http://www.monkeys.com/upl/delisting-policy.html

They are reasonably trivial to satisfy... unless you are a complete
dumbshit and/or unless your ISP is totally worthless and totally
unresponsive, even to YOUR requests for assistance.

If either case applies, then I personally don't give a damn if you
_have_ fixed your proxy... I still don't want mail from you.

(I think the normative description for these cases is ``Too stupid
to live.'')

In a nutshell, to be re-tested and/or de-listed from the UPL... after
it has already been proven, beyond a shadow of a doubt, that you were
running a wide open proxy (and that thus, you qualified as being
``somewhere beyond utterly clueless'') you must (a) have functioning
reverse DNS attached to your IP address and (b) either the Postmaster@
or the abuse@ person for the ``master controlling domain'' of your
reverse DNS must approve your request to be re-tested/de-listed. (Note:
http://www.monkeys.com/upl/master-domain.html describes what I mean by
``master controlling domain''.)

I don't think that either of these things are too much to ask.  Note
also that requirement (a)... must have reverse DNS... derives from
requirement (b) i.e. getting Postmaster/abuse of your reverse DNS domain
to ``approve'' your re-test/de-listing request.

Most blithering idiots can (and many blithering idiots already have)
satisfied both requirments, and have gotten their IPs re-tested and
de-listed.  A few thousand in fact.  So obviously it is possible to
satisfy these simple requirements, and as far as I can tell, only a
few Forrest Gump types have been unable to do so.

I have many reasons for these requirements, and I think they are good
ones.  They are mostly documented here:

   http://www.monkeys.com/upl/delisting-rationale.html

But just to give you the simple version, although the primary goal of
the UPL is to stop spam, an important secondary goal is get open proxies
closed.  The current UPL re-testing/de-listing requirements assist in
achieving that goal by making various _ISPs_ more aware of the fact that
their own networks are often RIDDLED with very dangerous unsecured proxies.
Getting them into the loop is worth the minor additional hassle of the
UPL's special re-testing/de-listing requirements.  (Most ISPs still don't
have the vaguest idea that they even have an open proxies problem on their
networks.  Ignorance == spam.)

>In effect, a 
>MONKEYSPROXY entry either means you have an open proxy/socks, OR, you 
>may simply not have been able to formulate a retest request that MONKEYS 
>would accept

NOT TRUE!

If a.b.c.d is listed on the UPL, then ANY IDIOT can ``formulate a re-test
request'' for that IP address via the appropriate web form on the Monkeys.Com
web site.  But the request must be _approved_ by Postmaster@ or abuse@ of
the relevant domain.  What's wrong with that??  Nothing... unless BOTH (a)
your domain is administered by morons who don't read the RFCs (e.g. 2821)
AND (b) your domain admins are so totally clue-impervious that they are
not able to catch a clue, even when YOU, one of their own local users,
tries to give them one.

> We can't do third-party retest requests with MONKEYS, for example.

Again, that's just NOT TRUE.

You _can_ put in the re-test request, and then Postmaster@/abuse@ of the
domain that actually owns the IP of the (formerly?) open proxy must
simply approve the request.  (They are given a magically coded URL via
e-mail, with a detailed message telling them what this is all about
and what they have to do, and then all they gotta do is visit that
magic URL to ``approve'' the re-test request.)

Simple, no?

>This does not seem to cause _us_ much trouble in practise (since we 
>whitelist), but if you're high volume like us and not actively 
>whitelisting like us, it may make you think twice about using it, 
>despite how good it is.  I'd rather it followed the BOPM or ORDB model 
>here.  Still and all, I think we've gotten 5 false positive reports for 
>Monkeys in 3 months.

OK.  Above you said that you get a total of about 5 whitelisting requests
at your site PER DAY.  Now you say that you have only gotten about 5 due
to your use of the Monkeys.Com UPL list OVER A PERIOD OF THREE MONTHS.

Hummmm.... <<pulls out slide rule>>... So only about 1/90th of your
whitelist requests arise due to your use of the UPL, but the UPL is
stopping half, or more than half of your incoming spam.

Seems pretty admirable to me, even WITH the somewhat unusual de-listing
requirements.

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In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 19 Mar 2003 15:44:27 EST."
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--==_Exmh_1901880128P
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

On Wed, 19 Mar 2003 15:44:27 EST, Kee Hinckley said:

> You keep missing the issue.  This is nothing like being armed.  A gun 
> works whether or not anyone else has one.  Sender pays works *only* 
> if a significant proportion of the users have one.

A gun is even more different - it works *best* if you're an early adopter.
Once everybody has one, you start seeing bulletproof vests and other symptoms
of an arms race....

--==_Exmh_1901880128P
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 22:45:57 +0100
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Hi,

Hadmut Danisch a écrit:
 > I meanwhile came to the conclusion that this
 > working/research group's will certainly fail.

If we get focalized on the technical aspects of the spam problem, the 
trafic will lower and the signal/noise ratio will get higher. Moderation ?

> Anti-spam efforts are welcome as long as they strengthen the
> public awareness of spam and make people purchase
> anti-spam-solutions.

I don't agree :
Outside the mail-abuse.org blacklists, most are free blacklists. How do 
you explain it ? The Spamassassin content filter is free. TMDA(tmda.net) 
is free. And so on.

> But a solution which effectively prevents spam 
> at zero costs is deprecated. Zero costs means zero revenue.

It means we will all stop loosing our time handling spam and do 
something more constructive with the time it helped us free.

> Why are so many people strictly against anything what could prevent
> spam at the sender side? Because the sender wouldn't pay for a
> solution.

There is a customer-provider relation that makes it difficult for ISP to 
unilateraly redefine the rules.
They fear too much loosing their customers in case their AUP gets too 
restrictive or the sending process got too much complicated compared to 
other ISPs.

> Why do so many people insist on the freedom of the sender
> to send whatever the sender wishes to send with a sender address the
> sender can randomly choose?

With the RMX proposal you made, the sender will be limited to his domain 
(easy to stop him from spamming then) or to the others customers of 
their ISP domains (easy to complain to them too).

Which means a domain owner can/will complain to his ISP in case his 
domain gets abused by spammers also customers of the same ISP.

This will put the financial pressure back on the ISP side (customer 
complaining about another customer), and I am quite enthusiastic with 
such a scheme.

> Spam doesn't sell significant numbers of penis enlargement devices.
> Spam sells Anti-Spam-software. That's the business.

Don't give spammers such ideas ;-)

> I wouldn't be surprised at all if most of the spammers turned out
> to be the same people selling anti-spam-software and services, and
> trying to put through recipient-only solutions.

Maybe. Who knows. The solution is to use free software anti-spam 
solutions only (maybe talking for my church here), so you will avoid to 
feed the spammers anyway.

> And maybe that's why the mailing list is flooded with so much 
> rubbish and babble. That's some kind of denial of service attack.

That's what I though at first when I subscribed.
But I think the problem is different.

I think people are too much sensitive about spam, and they need to talk 
about it, like when you talk with the psychiatric people because you 
want to punch your neighbour making too much noise and you cannot get 
him to lower the volume politely.

I must admit I am a little bit like that, too, after having suffered 
from the spam cancer for years like most people.

Most subscribers seem to seek the holy grail, a global mean to stop spam.

They have already though a lot about what could be done, eventually 
tried to develop some personnal-crafted solutions that didn't work or 
not efficiently enough.

I suggest that this group gets moderated for a few weeks/monthes, so we 
can get on track to the real work efficiently.

For my part, I will vote for the moderation if someone propose it.


This working/research group lacks at least a FAQ containing what concern 
it and what does not. Until we get that, and subscribed people to 
respect it, we will go nowhere : the topic is too hot and too broad, and 
even good willing people will have difficulties to help things advance 
without any guidance.

I propose to consider inadequate the following topics to begin with :

* country laws related to spam topics
We are designing a technical system, and due to the differences of the 
spam laws among countries, it is useless to discuss that here.
If we get a reasonably efficient system to stop spam, it would be up the 
the users/administrators to check if they can apply it safely in their 
country and keep legal or if they need to change the country laws first.

* content filtering systems topics (aka spamassassin and the like)
The basis of those systems is to evolve and mutate to accomodate the 
mutation of the spams. This contradicts completely a RFC-like 
standardization process like the asrg list intends to do.
Not to say that standard content filters are not interesting, but it 
should be handled on a separate list.

* hacking topics
The fact that protocol implementations like the DNS ones or others are 
currenctly hackable are not our problem. If hardening of protocols are 
needed, it has to be handled at the protocol layer by the related 
protocol working group.

* "we will completely broke the smtp protocol to begin with" topics
The Internet is a big beast and cannot move like that. Proposals must be 
able to cope with a running internet during several years at least, and 
people thinking about redesigning it to the ground should create a 
separate list to discuss about their own ideas on this topic, and come 
back when they get something at least a bit realistic.

Frank de Lange said :
 > To paraphrase Churchill, 'we shall go on to the end... we shall
 > fight them... we shall never surrender...'


Pierre
-- 
           PARALLINE          ///        Parallelism & GNU/Linux
                             ///
71,av des Vosges Phone:+33 388 141 740
F-67000 STRASBOURG Fax:+33 388 141 741 http://www.paralline.com
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From: <asrg@bobf.frankston.com>
To: "'Kee Hinckley'" <nazgul@somewhere.com>,
        "'Paul Judge'" <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
Cc: "'Asrg'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Requirements for anti-spam systems-Draft 1
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NAKs are a classic way of amplifying bounce problems. I've stopped
sending bounce messages from my mail system for that reason. As I've
mentioned there should be an ACK but there isn't.

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Kee
Hinckley
Sent: Wednesday, March 19, 2003 15:54
To: Paul Judge
Cc: 'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for anti-spam systems-Draft 1

At 2:13 PM -0500 3/19/03, Paul Judge wrote:
>8.	must have minimal computational and bandwidth overhead

directly or indirectly.

In other words, a system of throw-away addresses may meet a user's 
needs, but aggravate the ISP bounce problem.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to
accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to
regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Tragedy of the Commons
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mike.pearson@ssc.govt.nz wrote:

>Thanks to those contributors who mentioned this issue. I found the following
>1-page summary useful in understanding the background of the concept:
>http://members.aol.com/trajcom/private/commons.htm
>  
>

Hm, just deleted a concept-mail in which I put forward the tragic of the 
commons, and the question if economic models can help model the spam 
problem. I deleted it because I think many operators will frown upon 
their mail servers being dubbed part of the commons. Yes, eyetime is a 
scarce resource, but the spam problems are larger. Bandwidth, storage 
and CPU-cycles are also scarce resources, and have to be dealt with. 
Just ignoring the spammers is not enough when the sheer volume is enough 
to overwhelm many links and servers.

Frank


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To: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
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References: <Your message of "Wed, 19 Mar 2003 12:29:53 PST." <5.1.0.14.2.20030319122804.048b79f0@mail.attbi.com>
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 14:02:23 -0800

At 04:10 PM 3/19/2003 -0500, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:
>On Wed, 19 Mar 2003 12:29:53 PST, Steve Schear said:
> > At 01:13 PM 3/19/2003 -0500, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:
> > This is not necessary for initial deployment.  After all the web didn't
> > seem like it was ready for my grandmother 10 years ago.
>
>Even if you have an really great anti-spam scheme that all the propellerheads
>install because it's cutting edge and cool, that will only get about 2% of
>the users at most.  At that point, you better have reached critical mass
>(enough people use it that it matters) *AND* have it easy enough to use that
>the other 98% (the unwashed masses) can deal with it.

A PoW system could be deployed almost immediately at a web-based email 
system.  The only 'special' tool is that the user would be required to 
accept a small PoW calculation applet or install it to manufacture the 
stamp using client CPU cycles.

For people wishing to contact me for the first time that don't use such a 
service my bounce mail reply would provide them with a link to an applet 
downloader web page.  They would only have to create the stamp and appended 
it or include it in-line in their email.

Past that I really don't care if they can or cannot contact me.  I can live 
with that.

steve

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To: Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A method to eliminate spam
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 22:16:40 +0000 (GMT)

On Wed, 19 Mar 2003, Chris Lewis wrote:

> Blacklist effectiveness on real email:
> BOPM             100635   5.34
> CONTENT           54802   2.91 (non-IP based filters, not used
> 				on spamtrap)
> Flonetwork         6096   0.32
> IP, NOT BL        34946   1.85
> MONKEYPROXY      135285   7.17
> NTblack           38608   2.05
> NTmanual          30370   1.61
> OBproxies         46420   2.46
> OBrelays          17419   0.92
> OK                 5330   0.28
> OSinputs          31922   1.69
> OSproxy            2121   0.11
> OSsocks           54144   2.87
> SBL               51825   2.75
> TOTAL           1885655 100.00
> TOTAL BLOCK      316567  16.79 (total blocked)

How come you're such a large entity yet this figure is so much lower than 
everyone else is seeing? Is it because the companies (like ours) that work 
in spam filtering are sought out by those with a spam problem, whereas 
your user base covers everyone?

> 2) Lesser used blacklists have higher FP rates, because fewer legit 
> senders hit them. OBrelays is only used by two sites: us, and its 
> maintainer.  Despite being _large_ (OB is > 30 million mail addresses), 
> it's still small compared to the coverage of the other lists, hence the 
> relatively higher FP percentage.

Why don't they make it publicly available then?

Matt.

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To: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] This research group will fail
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 16:38:55 -0500

At 8:17 PM +0000 3/19/03, Matt Sergeant wrote:
>The last thing *I* want to do is prevent an answer to the spam problem
>happening.

Ditto.  I got into this business because I had a serious problem that 
I needed to solve.  Everyone else was looking at the tip of the 
iceberg, and somewhere.com was somewhere down in the middle (I used 
to think we were at the bottom, but striker clearly gets that award). 
In my experience, companies do best when they are building things for 
people like themselves.  So getting into this business made sense. 
But I would absolutely love to live in a world where the business 
didn't need to exist.

I will agree that most of my comments on this list (over 100 so far) 
have been negative.  Breaking things is what I'm good at.  I 
specialize in using things in ways their creators never intended. 
And despite twenty+plus years of hacking, I still use that 
anthropology degree every day--everything we do needs take into 
account how organizations and people work--software doesn't operate 
in a vacuum.

I actually think this forum has been very productive so far.  We have 
a good grasp of the proposed scope of different solutions.  We have a 
start on classifying them.  We have an idea of what a requirements 
list might look like (and every requirements list starts with an 
impossible set--life is full of tradeoffs).

I don't think we'll see a new protocol come out of this--although 
those people who are gungho about solutions like that are certainly 
welcome to try them out in the marketplace.

I would hope, however, that we come out with a good list of the 
different classes of solutions and what their benefits and drawbacks 
are. A document of that sort can be a great aid to people who are 
looking to deploy solutions. I think we may also be able to come up 
with a set of best practices that, when implemented together, have 
the effect of limiting the amount of spam people receive. That is a 
stop gap measure, but in a addition I hope we can come up with a list 
of potential additions to existing protocols (that will have value 
even if not implemented 100%) that will help driver spammers into 
certain behaviors that can more easily be blocked.

It's going to be an incremental process.  We have too much invested 
in the existing infrastructure to just toss it.  And nobody wants to 
throw the baby out with the bath-water.  The time to fix the problem 
wholesale is long gone.  So like many systems out there, this one's 
going to end up with a lot of string and baling wire on it.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] This research group will fail
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 16:55:06 -0500

At 12:29 PM -0800 3/19/03, Steve Schear wrote:
>At 01:13 PM 3/19/2003 -0500, you wrote:
>>Anybody who's tried to deploy software to end users (especially software
>>that involves retraining) knows 400M is the wrong place to attack. And
>>even a well-hidden Proof-Of-Work doesn't help here - your phone WILL ring
>>when people ask why it's taking 3 minutes to send mail.
>
>Not if they don't have my phone number.  Which they probably don't 
>if they haven't contacted me before.

Is that supposed to be a joke, or do you truly not care whether your 
system is useable, so long as it has a nice architecture?

>>I've never said I'm *STRICTLY* against a sender-side solution.  My generic
>>criteria for a sender-side solution is:  It has to be something that my
>>mother the Hotmail user can deploy without me or my brother having to
>>make a trip home to install for her.  Windows 98 on a several-year-old PC.
>
>This is not necessary for initial deployment.  After all the web 
>didn't seem like it was ready for my grandmother 10 years ago.

Ten years ago the web was something entirely new--it wasn't replacing 
anything, and it didn't have to interoperate with anything.  The 
business plan for creating something brand new is *way* different 
than the plan for replacing something in use by hundreds of millions 
of people.  People are much more willing to try something new than 
they are to get rid of something old--no matter how broken.  To 
replace something you have to show them very significant benefits. 
Your benefits depend on everyone choosing your system over any other. 
When the number of people using a system numbers in the thousands, 
that's not a big deal.  When the number of people using it numbers in 
the hundreds of millions, that's really bad odds.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 14:14:58 -0800

At 03:44 PM 3/19/2003 -0500, you wrote:
>At 11:31 AM -0800 3/19/03, Steve Schear wrote:
>>Sender-pays is like being armed.  I'm betting that clients implementing a 
>>stamps approach will fare well enough at controlling spam to eventually 
>>gain serious industry consideration.  But even if it doesn't it may still 
>>help those so armed.
>
>You keep missing the issue.  This is nothing like being armed.  A gun 
>works whether or not anyone else has one.  Sender pays works *only* if a 
>significant proportion of the users have one.

A PoW system could be deployed almost immediately at a web-based email 
system. The only 'special' tool is that the user would be required to 
accept a small PoW calculation applet or install it to manufacture the 
stamp using client CPU cycles.

For people wishing to contact me for the first time that don't use such a 
service my bounce mail reply would provide them with a link to an applet 
downloader web page. They would only have to create the stamp and appended 
it or include it in-line in their email.

Past that I really don't care if they can or cannot contact me. I can live 
with that.  A bit of balkenization might be desirable, even necessary, to 
coerce a change.

But...
>At 2:13 PM -0500 3/19/03, Paul Judge wrote:
>>2.      must not affect delivery(latency, integrity, cost, reliability) of
>>wanted messages to a point that would effect the normal use of email
>>3.      must be easy to use
>>4.      must be easy to deploy, incrementally
>>         a.      must provide incentives to deploy for those doing the
>>deployment
>>5.      must not depend on universal deployment to be effective
>>7.      must have minimal administration and implementation overhead
>>8.      must have minimal computational and bandwidth overhead
>...it has serious problems with those requirements.

I don't accept number 8 as being necessary.


>>>If you are someone who is technically active online, or running a 
>>>business that requires timely contact with random people in the outside 
>>>world, such a system will be more painful than the spam.
>>
>>Agreed, no one solution is likely to fit all.
>
>If we are proposing incremental solutions to limit spam, then that 
>statement is perfectly fine.  However I don't see how you can propose an 
>architecture that works only if it is universally accepted, and then admit 
>that it won't fit all needs.

I don't think postage requires a universal acceptance off the bat.  If it 
works for me, that's all I care.  Progress occurs when a small, but 
influential group, adopt some new technology or behavior which is 
beneficial to them.  As other's notice the advantages they too will see if 
it can work for them.  I like Freenet and other P2P systems.  I don't care 
if they are not universal.


>As an aside.  Another way to look at the current situation is that we have 
>a system that meets everyone's needs pretty well--it's just that there is 
>one particular class of user whose needs we would rather it *didn't* 
>meet.  We're trying excise that one feature without impacting any 
>other.  Personally I think that at the very least, "able to send mail as 
>anyone from anywhere" is going to have to go with it.  Or rather--it may 
>be able to remain, but it will require special software and protocols.  On 
>the other hand.  If we can come up with a change that prevents email 
>forgery of any kind, and requires custom software only for people who need 
>to do it for legit purposes, I'd say we had a winner.  Obviously it's not 
>quite that simple though.

No its not, eh?


>>>Spam solutions which violate basic economic principals (e.g. "Most 
>>>people will not spend money in order to hurt themselves") are not going 
>>>to be successful.
>>>
>>>At the early adopter stage, sender-pays is indistinguishable from simple 
>>>whitelisting.  Except that it costs the sender more money.
>>
>>Forcing unknown senders to spend even a bit more time or a bit of money 
>>in order for their emails to be seen is all that may be necessary to sort 
>>them out from others who's economics depend on enormous volumes of free 
>>or nearly free emails.
>
>Stop thinking about your system as though it were fully deployed and 
>consider how it works in the early stages.  If you continue focusing on 
>the future, without looking at how you get there, you're never going to 
>get there.
>
>At the early adopter stage you aren't forcing unknown senders to spend 
>more time and money--you're forcing the users of the system to spend time 
>and money.  The unknown senders aren't using the system. And you can't 
>block them because they constitute the majority of your correspondents.

No they do not.  I'll white list all my current correspond ants all others 
are, ifso facto, unknown senders.  My .sigs will inform respondents on 
lists how to contact me in the same way people sometimes use intentional 
ill-formed email addresses to thwart harvesting.


>>>If you think I'm missing something here, then please let me know. But 
>>>please keep in mind that I'm not arguing that the system isn't 
>>>technically feasible, or even desirable.  I'm simply arguing that a 
>>>system that hurts early adopters more than it helps them is not likely 
>>>to be adopted.
>>
>>Many people are already forced by spam to abandon email addresses they've 
>>used for years.  This transition hurts them (they must spend time and 
>>effort to inform their previous/frequent contact), yet its done all the 
>>time because they believe it may provide a respite from the flood.  Would 
>>adopting a sender-pays be more harmful or difficult?  I don't know and 
>>none of us will until various combinations of sender-pays are fielded and 
>>trialed.
>
>Again, you've skipped to the "everyone has it" stage.  Take that person 
>currently facing the pain of having to change their address. You say to 
>them, "Here, instead of changing your address.  Install this system.  It 
>will take longer to send your email (or cost you money to send), and it 
>won't stop any spam right now.

It will stop spam and all unknown senders immediately.

>But it will eventually."
>
>Stop telling me how it's going to stop spam when everyone is using it.  I 
>believe you!  Tell me how you're going to convince people to use it in the 
>first place.

For those who cannot or will not accept this aspect its not for them until 
it approaches more universal acceptance.

steve

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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 17:39:25 -0500

It has been pointed out that one reason it is difficult to validate
return addresses is that there are legitimate reasons to forge them:
sending mail from work with a home from address and so forth.

Might it be possible to handle this part of the problem by routing
such traffic via the proper "from" place?  Obviously the first hop has to
be an authenticated connection so that it isn't an open relay.

So if I want to send mail as, say, lstewart@acm.org, I must send that message
via an authenticated connection (as lstewart) to acm.org and then when it
gets to its true destination, the from address will not appear to be forged.

In short, if we clean up the way legitimate uses of forged addresses are
handled, then perhaps it will be easier to deny access to the illegitimate
uses.  I think the following is due to Heinlein, but I am not sure:
"If you don't know how to solve all of a problem, solve the part of it
that you do know how to solve."



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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 17:27:47 -0500

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On Wed, 19 Mar 2003 17:39:25 EST, lstewart@acm.org  said:

> Might it be possible to handle this part of the problem by routing
> such traffic via the proper "from" place?  Obviously the first hop has to
> be an authenticated connection so that it isn't an open relay.
> 
> So if I want to send mail as, say, lstewart@acm.org, I must send that message
> via an authenticated connection (as lstewart) to acm.org and then when it
> gets to its true destination, the from address will not appear to be forged.

That's what port 587 is *for*.

And yes, if the vast majority of ISPs would accept mail on 587 with AUTH from
anywhere, and filtered outbound 25 except for their outward-facing SMTP boxes,
life would be a lot easier for road warriors and anti-spam efforts both.

Anybody got a good idea how to get ISPs to actually do that?

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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
From: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] This research group will fail
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 14:35:47 -0800

At 04:55 PM 3/19/2003 -0500, you wrote:
>At 12:29 PM -0800 3/19/03, Steve Schear wrote:
>>At 01:13 PM 3/19/2003 -0500, you wrote:
>>>Anybody who's tried to deploy software to end users (especially software
>>>that involves retraining) knows 400M is the wrong place to attack. And
>>>even a well-hidden Proof-Of-Work doesn't help here - your phone WILL ring
>>>when people ask why it's taking 3 minutes to send mail.
>>
>>Not if they don't have my phone number.  Which they probably don't if 
>>they haven't contacted me before.
>
>Is that supposed to be a joke, or do you truly not care whether your 
>system is useable, so long as it has a nice architecture?

If my bounce mail reply (sent when an unknown sender contacts me) is 
sufficiently simple for many/most users, who wish to take even a minimal 
amount of extra time to contact me, works then that's good enough for 
me.  For others, who cannot or will not take the extra time/effort, I think 
I can live without their communication.


>>>I've never said I'm *STRICTLY* against a sender-side solution.  My generic
>>>criteria for a sender-side solution is:  It has to be something that my
>>>mother the Hotmail user can deploy without me or my brother having to
>>>make a trip home to install for her.  Windows 98 on a several-year-old PC.
>>
>>This is not necessary for initial deployment.  After all the web didn't 
>>seem like it was ready for my grandmother 10 years ago.
>
>Ten years ago the web was something entirely new--it wasn't replacing 
>anything, and it didn't have to interoperate with anything.  The business 
>plan for creating something brand new is *way* different than the plan for 
>replacing something in use by hundreds of millions of people.  People are 
>much more willing to try something new than they are to get rid of 
>something old--no matter how broken.  To replace something you have to 
>show them very significant benefits. Your benefits depend on everyone 
>choosing your system over any other. When the number of people using a 
>system numbers in the thousands, that's not a big deal.  When the number 
>of people using it numbers in the hundreds of millions, that's really bad odds.

Look at Kazaa.  It takes extra effort to install and learn but 10s of 
millions have done so because they see a perceived benefit.  When Napster 
first arrived most people who heard of it ignored it because they didn't 
know or see see the value proposition.  As time went by more people learned 
why they wanted to spend the extra effort to download, install and learn to 
use it.

These P2P systems didn't need millions to work but only 1000s or 
10,000s.  I'm OK, from my perspective with a little, initial, Balkenization 
of email if it helps me.  I don't care what it does or does not do for 
others.  It seems to me you're trying to come up with a solution that can 
be plugged in without disadvantaging some users with minimal tech skills 
(like our mothers).  I'm saying I'm willing to do that if it helps ME.

steve

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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] This research group will fail
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 14:42:46 -0800

At 05:27 PM 3/19/2003 -0500, you wrote:
>At 2:02 PM -0800 3/19/03, Steve Schear wrote:
>>Past that I really don't care if they can or cannot contact me.  I can 
>>live with that.
>
>Which pretty much sums out why this works for you, but won't ever meet the 
>needs of this discussion group.

Perhaps not, and perhaps the group's objectives are too grand to meet in 
one or even a few steps.  The net and much of its infrastructure were built 
by 'selfish' people trying to solve their problems and made available to 
others to use as they saw fit.  I'm just following this time-honored and 
proven method.  Instead of trying from the outset to solve the spam problem 
w/o disadvantaging any existing users I'm trying to experiment to see if I 
can solve my spam problem and make it available to others to use if it 
helps them.  The first filter systems were just that.

No one has deployed a sender-pays so no ones knows what will or will not 
work.  All I'm saying is let's deploy and see what happens.

steve

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From: "Ian Wilson" <wilson@nbnet.nb.ca>
To: "Kee Hinckley" <nazgul@somewhere.com>, "Steve Schear" <schear@attbi.com>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <5.1.0.14.2.20030319135608.0489c768@mail.attbi.com> <Your message of "Wed, 19 Mar 2003 12:29:53 PST." <5.1.0.14.2.20030319122804.048b79f0@mail.attbi.com> <20030319173329.GA3058@danisch.de> <5.1.0.14.2.20030319122804.048b79f0@mail.attbi.com> <5.1.0.14.2.20030319135608.0489c768@mail.attbi.com> <5.1.0.14.2.20030319143655.048b0010@mail.attbi.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] This research group will fail
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 Instead of trying from the outset to solve the spam problem
> w/o disadvantaging any existing users I'm trying to experiment to see if I
> can solve my spam problem and make it available to others to use if it
> helps them.  The first filter systems were just that.


Once again I am new to this, and clearly out of my league, but what level
are you talking about filtering on?  Is it at my *Inbox*, or at the Server.
My biggest problem with Electronic Junk Mail is that in the end I pay for
it, and I gain nothing positive for it.  At least with Junk Snail Mail there
is a bonus.  The people sending the stuff pay for it, and I suppose that
keeps the price I pay to send a piece of mail at a reasonable level.  With
SPAM, as I see it, it just costs me.  When I first got on the Internet I
surfed the net a great deal, I don't now.  I've met many interesting people,
but I now use email almost exclusievly.  I am virtually forced to opt for
the *Unlimited Useage* plan from my ISP, but if I was only down loading
email I wanted, My Internet access wouldn't cost me more than $7-8 dollars a
month.  My ISP now charges me $29.95 for unlimited useage.  So while
filtering this stuff to my Delete Bin might give me some measure of
satisfaction, I still down load it.


> No one has deployed a sender-pays so no ones knows what will or will not
> work.  All I'm saying is let's deploy and see what happens.

I'm not a subscriber to conspiracy theories, and I don't think there was a
second shooter on a grassy knoll, but isn't there a symbiotic relationship
between SPAMMERS and ISP's.  While NBTel isn't paid when a SPAMMER sends me
a message, those messages are a big reason why I have an Unlimited Usage
Plan.  I think there are a lot of folks in my position who use email almost
exclusively.  If it wasn't for SPAM we could log on, down load email, log
off, deal with the email, and log on send and replies I might have.  It
would take me seconds, accept for the fact that 90% of the mail I get is
SPAM.

Also is the fact that my email address is straightforward
*wilson@nbntel.nb.ca* make me an easy target.  It seems to me that in some
SPAM that I have looked at it appears that the sender just took the name
*wilson* and used a database of ISP's to send it.  ie: there might be 40
addresses in the message,  wilson@nbnet.nb.ca, wilson@hotmail.com,
wilson@yahoo.com, wilson@hks.com,  etc., etc.

Also I might have used the wrong term when I talked about *forged*  while I
understand where there is reason to change the return address.  I guess a
better word would have been a *bogus* return address.  An address that
doesn't exist.  ie somebody sends me a SPAM message and the address provided
would just bounce.  Can that be detected at the Server.

I think a good place to start for SPAMMERS in a legal sense would be that
each message must contain a valid return address, and a way the person
receiving the message can reply and be removed without being directed to a
spot on the Internet that asks you to enter your email address, which I am
sure just subscribes you to several more lists.  The approach I am taking is
to have my ISP provide me with a form letter that in essence states if the
sender fails to remove my name in a timely manner that my ISP has agreed to
ban that sender from it's Mail Server.

ian wilson


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To: "'Frank de Lange'" <frank@unternet.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Tragedy of the Commons
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Be careful about confusing physical models of limited resources with
situations wherein there may be synergy of the commons.

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Frank de Lange
Sent: Wednesday, March 19, 2003 16:54
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Tragedy of the Commons

mike.pearson@ssc.govt.nz wrote:

>Thanks to those contributors who mentioned this issue. I found the
following
>1-page summary useful in understanding the background of the concept:
>http://members.aol.com/trajcom/private/commons.htm
>  
>

Hm, just deleted a concept-mail in which I put forward the tragic of the

commons, and the question if economic models can help model the spam 
problem. I deleted it because I think many operators will frown upon 
their mail servers being dubbed part of the commons. Yes, eyetime is a 
scarce resource, but the spam problems are larger. Bandwidth, storage 
and CPU-cycles are also scarce resources, and have to be dealt with. 
Just ignoring the spammers is not enough when the sheer volume is enough

to overwhelm many links and servers.

Frank


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Date: 19 Mar 2003 00:00:00 +0000

Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> schrieb/wrote:
> But you find out that the Usenet broadcast medium mechanism only works
> when the traffic is of interest to a "significant" fraction of the
> population so that the bandwidth is amortised over more users.

That's the method used for Usenet. But Netnews also includes private  
news servers and NNTP caches.

Claus
-- 
http://www.faerber.muc.de/
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To: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for anti-spam systems-Draft 1 
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Paul -- quick note:

> 2.	must not affect delivery(latency, integrity, cost, reliability) of
> wanted messages to a point that would effect the normal use of email

I would suggest that a broken-out list of what "normal" uses of email are,
would be helpful here.

For example, difficult cases include

  a. a small-scale, non-commercial mailing list, operating with confirmed
     opt-in subscriptions.  (not too hard, but pay-to-send solutions
     could be problematic in such a use-case)

  b. a user BCC'ing someone they've never met before (can look a lot like
     spam to a naive content-based spam filter)

  c. a user sending a mail via one ISP's SMTP server, with the rfc-822
     "From" address set to another account on another ISP (quite
     pathological, but it happens)

A few of the solutions already proposed may cause trouble for, or have
difficulty with, some of the potential use cases, so it'd be worthwhile
having a reference list of what the ASRG considers "normal".

For example, personally I would be happy with a solution that deals with
spam but breaks the c. case, since IMO it's a hack, and the old adage
about omelettes and eggs springs to mind. ;)

--j.
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 15:55:03 -0800

Valdis,

You beat me to it.  I was preparing a post to the list on this report 
(which came out today), and I'm on the agenda tomorrow to give a very brief 
overview of the report.  To put the report in context, it is aimed at end 
users, not techies, and its focus is on "how did the spammer get my address 
in the first place."  FYI the report is also available in HTML:

http://www.cdt.org/speech/spam/030319spamreport.shtml

Be warned - the report was slashdotted this morning and we've had 30,000+ 
downloads so far -- and our site is very slow because of it....

John

At 03:39 PM 3/19/03 -0500, you wrote:
http://www.cdt.org/speech/spam/030319spamreport.pdf

(may be slashdotted)

The message I got from this was "The spammers haven't even started on
exhausting all the methods already available for getting addresses...."


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asrg@bobf.frankston.com wrote:

>Be careful about confusing physical models of limited resources with
>situations wherein there may be synergy of the commons.
>
Nice terminology. What does it translate to? What synergy are you 
referring to? Some examples?

The resources are limited, however way you put it. Your time is limited. 
Your bandwidth is limited. Your storage space is limited. Even the 
screen space is limited. You have limited resources to expand your 
limits (money). And, also very important, your patience is limited. 
Several people have already given up on email because of spam.

Frank

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	(message from Paul Judge on Wed, 19 Mar 2003 14:13:15 -0500)
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for anti-spam systems-Draft 1
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 11:20:22 +1100

Paul,

I'm very new to the list and have been astounded (a little daunted) by
the volume of traffic.

Thank you for re-publishing this requirements list. I think it's
imperative that we all focus on nailing that down as a means of
formalising a positive step towards a solution (or group of
solutions).

While the mail archive is a useful tool, it is also BIG. Using it to
determine exactly what the currently-agreed-upon requirements list is
is a difficult task.

Can I suggest that we take formalisation a step further by having, on
a web site (http://www.irtf.org/charters/asrg.html for instance) a
definitive list of requirements currently agreed upon. We can then
debate modifications to the list, and when agreed upon, update the
list.

The same approach could be used for possible solutions. With a name of
the solution, short description, status (e.g. In Debate, Rejected,
Accepted), and a list of pros and cons.

I think that to do this we would need some formalised approach to how
we agree on things. We obviously have a bunch of enthusiastic &
intelligent contributors to this list. I'd hate for any energy (or
reading time) being wasted on repeating and rehashing old subjects,
and for talking about off-topic items.

Would people find this approach useful ? Comments, suggestions welcome.

David Finnie

> From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
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> Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 14:13:15 -0500
> 
> 
> This is a draft of high-level requirements for anti-spam systems. This list
> was started by Keith Moore. This draft incorporates feedback from
> Balachander Krishnamurthy, Gary Feldman, Troy Rollo, Damon Sauer, Paul
> Judge, and Hadmut Danisch.
> 
> 
> 1.	must minimize unwanted messages to some acceptable level
> 2.	must not affect delivery(latency, integrity, cost, reliability) of
> wanted messages to a point that would effect the normal use of email
> 3.	must be easy to use 
> 4.	must be easy to deploy, incrementally
> 	a.	must provide incentives to deploy for those doing the
> deployment
> 5.	must not depend on universal deployment to be effective
> 6.	must not reduce privacy
> 7.	must have minimal administration and implementation overhead
> 8.	must have minimal computational and bandwidth overhead
> 9.    must consider the threat and be robust in the face of such threats
> 	-(potential new work item: a spam threat model)
> 	some properties of the threat:
> 		- adversary knows details of anti-spam systems
> 		- adversary is intelligent and well-funded
> 10. should consider how legal issues affect, support, or constrain the
> technical solution
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for anti-spam systems-Draft 1 
To: "Alan DeKok"  <aland@freeradius.org>
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 00:31:12 +0000

> 
>   While this may sound trivially obvious, many people I've talked to
> believe that all solutions should be based solely on the recipients
> consent.  
I hope there aren't many people saying stuff as silly as that.

> By this, they appear to be saying:
> 
>  1) everyone else in the network should implement the consent of the
>     recipient.
> 

Really? "should" perhaps, more likely "may", but "must" is out 

>  2) the administrator of the network used by the originator of the
>     email cannot implement consent OTHER than that of the recipient.

The way recipient "consent" might interact with organisational /
operational policy hasn't been formally discussed in this group (?). It
should be.


> 
>   Issue #1 doesn't scale to a network with millions of 

indeed. I can't see how it could be *required*.
 
>   Issue #2 means that the administrator of a sending network cannot
> decide (say) to filter outgoing port 25 for dial-up users.

indeed.

So recipient consent isn't the only consideration.
Who said it was? let's fight them :-)





--
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for anti-spam systems-Draft 1 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 19 Mar 2003 21:26:42 +0100."
             <3E78D282.8090805@unternet.org> 
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 14:43:34 -0500

Frank de Lange <frank@unternet.org> wrote:
> >  The network is not reliable.  The network does NOT enforce your
> >wishes to communicate with others.  It's best-effort, and your data
> >may not make it through.  We already accept this behaviour, and I
> >believe that we should make such acceptance explicit for anti-spam
> >solutions.
> >
> Is it really necessary to add this?

  I believe so.  A significant number of people I talk to about my
domain come up with such extreme positions, like they're some kind of
religious mantra.

> IETF does not dictate how people control their resources after
> all. There are already all kinds of restrictions on who can access
> what in what manner and from where. I believe this will sort itself
> out, if some ISP (or mail service provider, or ...) were to impose
> too onerous terms and conditions users would just move to another
> ISP.

  While I agree with what you're saying, I also believe that some kind
of push-back on extreme views is necessary.

  Alan DeKok.
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar 19 20:14:16 2003
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From: <asrg@bobf.frankston.com>
To: "'Frank de Lange'" <frank@unternet.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Tragedy of the Commons
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I'll have to excuse myself and leave it cryptic for now because my time
is finite. I'll simply point out that it's not at all clear what the
limits are and we overly focus on doling out scarcity. Even my time,
which I see as very limited, can be effectively increased with tools and
better metaphors for the information.

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Frank de Lange
Sent: Wednesday, March 19, 2003 18:56
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Tragedy of the Commons

asrg@bobf.frankston.com wrote:

>Be careful about confusing physical models of limited resources with
>situations wherein there may be synergy of the commons.
>
Nice terminology. What does it translate to? What synergy are you 
referring to? Some examples?

The resources are limited, however way you put it. Your time is limited.

Your bandwidth is limited. Your storage space is limited. Even the 
screen space is limited. You have limited resources to expand your 
limits (money). And, also very important, your patience is limited. 
Several people have already given up on email because of spam.

Frank

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Date: 19 Mar 2003 19:10:45 -0600

In <3E78CB2B.9010807@americasm01.nt.com> "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> writes:

> Alan's MX is a weapon of mass destruction.
> 
> It proves beyond any shadow of a doubt that tweaks to mail reader
> metaphors and user-end filtering (or even most ISP filtering) will not
> be able to keep up. Even AOL wouldn't survive the spam:good ratio that
> Alan see.  There simply ain't enough pipes on the whole planet to do
> that.

I suspect that Chris' post was mostly intended to be funny, but I
think there is a critical point hidden in there.


The spam problem *can't* get as bad as Alan's spam problem.  There
aren't enough pipes on the whole planet to create enough spam to make
it that bad.  Spam may be growning at an exponential rate right now,
but we all know that exponential growth can't go on forever.

Spam may be very cheap to generate, but even when spammers use stolen
credit cards, it isn't free.  Spammers can generate an unlimited
amount of spam, if for no other reason than there is a finite amount
of bandwidth available.

Charles F. Childs, one of the worlds biggest spammers, claims that he
can make money on only a 1 in 10,000 response rate.  (See: 
http://www.activedayton.com/ddn/localnews/daily/0318cybspammer.html )
End user filters may not be able to cut the bandwidth used, but they
can cut the response rate to spam because the end users never see it.

Spammers can try to increase the number of messages sent, but the
bandwidth has to come from somewhere.  While "follow the money" is
usually a good tactic, in the case of spam, "follow the bandwidth" may
well be more useful.  Spammers can't get bandwidth from just
anywhere.

The number of open relays seems to have stabilized (see
http://ordb.org./statistics/relaycount/ ), and I suspect that the
number of open proxies will also stabilize in the next few years.
Spam friendly ISPs can be blacklisted.  As someone on the spamcop
blacklist joked "If everyone used SPEWS, no one would need to use
SPEWS".  Sure, there are a lot of false positives with SPEWS, but long
before the spam problem reaches Alan's level, people will have
accepted that the cost of false negatives will outweight the cost of
false positives.

AOL's (and other "free" email providers) real concern shouldn't be
that they will have to filter out Alan's level of spam, but that they
will be the source of the spammer's bandwidth and that they will start
showing up in widely accepted blacklists.  There are some business
models that are just hard to succeed at.  Selling pet food on the
Internet was one.  Letting anyone easily generate email may be
another. 


-wayne

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Subject: [Asrg] Mail path verification presentation
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 15:11:26 -0800 (PST)

  Hi,

I'v been preparing presentation for the session tomorrow and unfortunetly 
it appears this will not be part of the agenda. This is rather unfortunate
since this dealt with very commonly discussed issues of being able to deal 
with stopping header forgery and first part also provided good diagram and 
example of what solution should able to handle as far as not screwing 
up existing email use. This goes into larger issue that it appears that 
presentations were chosen based on compnies that backed them up rather 
then based on individual work as is supposed to be the case for IETF & IRTF. 

Anyway the presentation draft is available at:
http://www.elan.net/~william/args-presentation-verification.ppt

Feel free to email to the list what you like or do not like about it or 
email paul if you think it should have been included in the agenda (I 
think its probably still not too late). 

In my side no matter how it goes, I'll prepare draft on using message 
tracking protocol to do verification of sender. Though this protocol is 
not deployed yet, I think this would be the best way of doing it (rather 
then using dns or adding additional extensions to SMTP) and will help in 
deployment of message tracking as well. The draft should be ready in 1-2 
months.

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for anti-spam systems-Draft 1
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Alan DeKok wrote:

>Frank de Lange <frank@unternet.org> wrote:
>  
>
>>> The network is not reliable.  The network does NOT enforce your
>>>wishes to communicate with others.  It's best-effort, and your data
>>>may not make it through.  We already accept this behaviour, and I
>>>believe that we should make such acceptance explicit for anti-spam
>>>solutions.
>>>
>>>      
>>>
>>Is it really necessary to add this?
>>    
>>
>
>  I believe so.  A significant number of people I talk to about my
>domain come up with such extreme positions, like they're some kind of
>religious mantra.
>
>  
>
>>IETF does not dictate how people control their resources after
>>all. There are already all kinds of restrictions on who can access
>>what in what manner and from where. I believe this will sort itself
>>out, if some ISP (or mail service provider, or ...) were to impose
>>too onerous terms and conditions users would just move to another
>>ISP.
>>    
>>
>
>  While I agree with what you're saying, I also believe that some kind
>of push-back on extreme views is necessary.
>

Then I think a 'best practice' document on how to manage mail service is
the place to put these recommendations. This is user and systems policy,
not part of mail protocol. Having a cbt on mail service referring to
spam reduction methods would be a good thing in any case...

Frank



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Bob Frankston wrote:
> I'll have to excuse myself and leave it cryptic for now because my time
> is finite.

You don't say...

-- 
    WWWWW      ________________________
   ## o o\    /     Frank de Lange     \
   }#   \|   /      +46-734352015       \
    \ `--| _/     <Hacker for Hire>      \
     `---'  \       +31-640037120        /
             \    frank@unternet.org    /
              `------------------------'
   [ "Omnis enim res, quae dando non deficit, dum habetur
      et non datur, nondum habetur, quomodo habenda est."  ]

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] An amazing amount of spam 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "19 Mar 2003 19:10:45 CST."
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 15:34:06 -0500

wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com> wrote:
> The spam problem *can't* get as bad as Alan's spam problem.  There
> aren't enough pipes on the whole planet to create enough spam to make
> it that bad.  Spam may be growning at an exponential rate right now,
> but we all know that exponential growth can't go on forever.

  It can stop when the outbound pipes from the spammers are full.  The
problem is that there are a lot of pipes.

  I see no reason why spam can't increase by 2-3 orders of magnitude
over where it is now.  While spam may be 50% of the SMTP traffic on
the backbone, there is a LOT of unused bandwidth out there.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: Mail path verification presentation
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 16:02:52 -0800 (PST)

As I'v been asked to provide a format of presentation in html or pdf. Powerpoint
unfortunetly refused to publish to html and I had to boot into linux and convert
to openoffice and then still publishing to web gave unpleasant results. 
So best I can do is to get openoffice impress to publish to pdf:
http://www.elan.net/~william/asrg-emailpathverification-presentation.pdf

On Wed, 19 Mar 2003 william@elan.net wrote:

>   Hi,
> 
> I'v been preparing presentation for the session tomorrow and unfortunetly 
> it appears this will not be part of the agenda. This is rather unfortunate
> since this dealt with very commonly discussed issues of being able to deal 
> with stopping header forgery and first part also provided good diagram and 
> example of what solution should able to handle as far as not screwing 
> up existing email use. This goes into larger issue that it appears that 
> presentations were chosen based on compnies that backed them up rather 
> then based on individual work as is supposed to be the case for IETF & IRTF. 
> 
> Anyway the presentation draft is available at:
> http://www.elan.net/~william/args-presentation-verification.ppt
> 
> Feel free to email to the list what you like or do not like about it or 
> email paul if you think it should have been included in the agenda (I 
> think its probably still not too late). 
> 
> In my side no matter how it goes, I'll prepare draft on using message 
> tracking protocol to do verification of sender. Though this protocol is 
> not deployed yet, I think this would be the best way of doing it (rather 
> then using dns or adding additional extensions to SMTP) and will help in 
> deployment of message tracking as well. The draft should be ready in 1-2 
> months.
> 

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To: "Ian Wilson" <wilson@nbnet.nb.ca>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] This research group will fail
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 20:18:01 -0500

At 7:02 PM -0400 3/19/03, Ian Wilson wrote:
>second shooter on a grassy knoll, but isn't there a symbiotic relationship
>between SPAMMERS and ISP's.  While NBTel isn't paid when a SPAMMER sends me
>a message, those messages are a big reason why I have an Unlimited Usage
>Plan.  I think there are a lot of folks in my position who use email almost

They lose far more in time and support costs than they would gain. 
Spam is a bigger headache for ISPs at this point than for end users. 
You can just delete it--they have to deliver it, reject the ones they 
can't deliver, deal with the complaints from the people who get it, 
deal with the spammers who buy throwaway accounts, set up new systems 
for blocking spam, get complaints from people because they blocked 
the wrong email, set up systems for blocking outbound spammers, get 
complaints from people who can't connect to their business email 
anymore... the list goes on and on.  I'd believe the "anti-spam 
companies like spammers" conspiracy theory before I believed the 
"ISPs like spammers" one.  And I *work* for an anti-spam company :-).

>*wilson@nbntel.nb.ca* make me an easy target.  It seems to me that in some
>SPAM that I have looked at it appears that the sender just took the name
>*wilson* and used a database of ISP's to send it.  ie: there might be 40
>addresses in the message,  wilson@nbnet.nb.ca, wilson@hotmail.com,
>wilson@yahoo.com, wilson@hks.com,  etc., etc.

They might have, or they may just be sending to the list in sorted 
order.  Both happen.

>doesn't exist.  ie somebody sends me a SPAM message and the address provided
>would just bounce.  Can that be detected at the Server.

Only in some limited cases (e.g. "the domain doesn't exist").  That 
is one of the discussions ongoing here.  It sounds like a simple 
thing to do, but it turns out to have lots of complications.

>I think a good place to start for SPAMMERS in a legal sense would be that
>each message must contain a valid return address, and a way the person
>receiving the message can reply and be removed without being directed to a

That approach has a lot of supporters.  But you need to be careful 
even there.  Establishing penalties for people who forge the return 
address has potential to be good--but it makes anonymous speech 
difficult.  On the other hand, legislation that said it was okay to 
spam if the return address was valid could potentially make your spam 
volume much, much higher.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 20:06:06 -0500

At 2:35 PM -0800 3/19/03, Steve Schear wrote:
>For others, who cannot or will not take the extra time/effort, I 
>think I can live without their communication.

There speaks someone who clearly never wants to talk to his mother-in-law.
That's not a bug, it's a feature!  Email as an intelligence test!

>At 2:35 PM -0800 3/19/03, Steve Schear wrote:
>>The business plan for creating something brand new is *way* 
>>different than the plan for replacing something in use by hundreds 
>>of millions of people.
...

>Look at Kazaa.  It takes extra effort to install and learn but 10s 
>of millions have done so because they see

Yes.  Now read what I said again and pick an example that actually 
counters it instead of supporting it.


At 2:14 PM -0800 3/19/03, Steve Schear wrote:
>>You keep missing the issue.  This is nothing like being armed.  A 
>>gun works whether or not anyone else has one.  Sender pays works 
>>*only* if a significant proportion of the users have one.
>
>A PoW system could be deployed almost immediately at a web-based email system.

What does this have to do with my statement?

>Past that I really don't care if they can or cannot contact me. I 
>can live with that.  A bit of balkenization might be desirable, even 
>necessary, to coerce a change.

You're right.  Balkanization may be necessary to coerce change.  If 
people discover that they cannot communicate with their friends, the 
businesses that they buy things from, and the periodicals that they 
read, they most certainly will switch systems.  I'm glad we both 
agree on that.  Now please apply that logic to your initial 
deployment.  Let's say you manage to persuade 5% of the population 
(I'm being generous) to use your system at first release.  Which do 
you think will be coerced to change? The 5% that adopted your system 
initially, or the 95% that didn't?

>>At 2:13 PM -0500 3/19/03, Paul Judge wrote:
>>>2.      must not affect delivery(latency, integrity, cost, reliability) of
>>>wanted messages to a point that would effect the normal use of email
>>>3.      must be easy to use
>>>4.      must be easy to deploy, incrementally
>>>         a.      must provide incentives to deploy for those doing the
>>>deployment
>>>5.      must not depend on universal deployment to be effective
>>>7.      must have minimal administration and implementation overhead
>>>8.      must have minimal computational and bandwidth overhead
>>...it has serious problems with those requirements.
>
>I don't accept number 8 as being necessary.

Okay.  How do you respond to 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7?

>I don't think postage requires a universal acceptance off the bat. 
>If it works for me, that's all I care.  Progress occurs when a 
>small, but

Please explain how it works for you when nobody else is using it.

>influential group, adopt some new technology or behavior which is 
>beneficial to them.  As other's notice the advantages they too will 
>see if it can work

Yes. That is true.  Please explain what the advantages are when only 
a small group is using it.

>for them.  I like Freenet and other P2P systems.  I don't care if 
>they are not universal.

Absolutely.  So long as they have a critical mass, they are useful. 
How are you going to get a critical mass?

>>At the early adopter stage you aren't forcing unknown senders to 
>>spend more time and money--you're forcing the users of the system 
>>to spend time and money.  The unknown senders aren't using the 
>>system. And you can't block them because they constitute the 
>>majority of your correspondents.
>
>No they do not.  I'll white list all my current correspond ants all 
>others are, ifso facto, unknown senders.  My .sigs will inform 
>respondents on lists how to contact me in the same way people 
>sometimes use intentional ill-formed email addresses to thwart 
>harvesting.

So, you agree that in the early stages your system is a combination 
of whitelisting and challenge/response.

Now take a user looking for an anti-spam system.  He can install two systems.
1. A whitelisting and challenge/response system.
2. A whitelisting and challenge/response system that makes his 
correspondents install special software and makes it more difficult 
and expensive for him to send email.

Why will he install #2?


>>Again, you've skipped to the "everyone has it" stage.  Take that 
>>person currently facing the pain of having to change their address. 
>>You say to them, "Here, instead of changing your address.  Install 
>>this system.  It will take longer to send your email (or cost you 
>>money to send), and it won't stop any spam right now.
>
>It will stop spam and all unknown senders immediately.

Sure.  If you're willing to manually whitelist all your 
correspondants and/or use a challenge/response system.  But that has 
nothing to do with the feature that you are pushing--sender-pays.

>>Stop telling me how it's going to stop spam when everyone is using 
>>it.  I believe you!  Tell me how you're going to convince people to 
>>use it in the first place.
>
>For those who cannot or will not accept this aspect its not for them 
>until it approaches more universal acceptance.

Okay, now I think we may be approaching understanding.  All you need 
to realize is that the number of people who will decide "its not for 
them" is greater than the number who won't.  Therefore, you'll never 
approach universal acceptance.  Therefore it's a dead-end.

And at this point I give up on my end of this discussion.  If you 
aren't persuaded now, I suggest you go start a software company 
selling end user software (find a good area to tackle--something 
where Microsoft is giving away their product for free, for 
instance--and sell something that doesn't interoperate with other 
software in the area) and we can pick up this discussion in ten years 
or so when you've had some experience trying to sell software to 
end-users who already have a solution that sucks, but basically works.

But thank's for the discussion.  You have changed my opinion of 
sender-pays. I've gone from thinking that it's an interesting concept 
to thinking it's a complete waste of time.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: william@elan.net
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Mail path verification presentation 
In-Reply-To: Message from william@elan.net 
   of "Wed, 19 Mar 2003 15:11:26 PST." <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303191511000.4586-100000@sokol.elan.net> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 18:28:41 -0800


william@elan.net said:

> I'v been preparing presentation for the session tomorrow and unfortunetly 
> it appears this will not be part of the agenda. This is rather unfortunate
> since this dealt with very commonly discussed issues of being able to deal 
> with stopping header forgery and first part also provided good diagram and 
> example of what solution should able to handle as far as not screwing 
> up existing email use. This goes into larger issue that it appears that 
> presentations were chosen based on compnies that backed them up rather 
> then based on individual work as is supposed to be the case for IETF & IRTF. 

> Anyway the presentation draft is available at:
> http://www.elan.net/~william/args-presentation-verification.ppt

BTW I would point out that DS, aka Designated Sender is a form of the
can-this-IP-address-send-mail-as-my-domain query scheme; and IMO is more
elegant/well-thought-out than some of the others. ;)  Could you list that
as well on page 12?

An interesting presentation; it's interesting to see the 'complex
verification' system, which was hashed out on another list a while back,
in another form (called 'porkhash' there).

Also, I was not aware of the MSGTRK WG at all. ;)

A good presentation, all in all,

--j.
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 10:30:23 +0800

>A ubiquitous and pervasive authentication mechanism has value even if 
there
>is no more spam.
>
>Phill


.....and in most places it still doesn't work. ( ask the French 
Gendarmerie where ID cards are mandatory )

And when it doesn't exist the Police are not rendered ineffective ( ask 
the Police in the U.K. where ID cards are not used at all )

Any authentication mechanism has holes - check out the problems with DNA 
identification. (... and yes I do know the difference between 
authentication and identification. I just happen to believe that the 
nomral 1:1 between legitimate email users and their addresses blurs the 
distinction here )

Yes, there are processes where proving your identity to the satisfaction 
of "the authorities" is mandatory e.g. drivers licence, gun licence etc. 
etc.

But none of these has the ubiquity, utility or pervasiveness of email and 
so will never hit the issues of scaling that trying to enforce strong 
authentication on email users would meet.

I believe spam is a social evil and requires a social cure. There are not 
Technical answers to all problems. Spam is a case in point.

OK, we may be able to do Technical things which can help in the short 
term, but in the long term figuring out a way to get legislators in a 
global context to harmonise the legal context for misuse of public 
Services is likely to be the only solution.

And adapting "junk mail" laws probably won't cut it - extradited for 
sending unsolicited leaflets?

Anyone remember E. E. Smith? The context here is very similar to the 
reasons given in "Triplanetary" - but watch out! We could end up with 
Judge Dredd instead of the Lensmen.....   ;-)

Regards,

tom.
__________________________________________________
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CSC
Ph: +61 8 9429 6478    Email: tcleary2@csc.com.au
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Subject:        RE: [Asrg] This research group will fail



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From: "Ian Wilson" <wilson@nbnet.nb.ca>
To: "Kee Hinckley" <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <5.1.0.14.2.20030319135608.0489c768@mail.attbi.com> <Your message of "Wed, 19 Mar 2003 12:29:53 PST." <5.1.0.14.2.20030319122804.048b79f0@mail.attbi.com> <20030319173329.GA3058@danisch.de> <5.1.0.14.2.20030319122804.048b79f0@mail.attbi.com> <5.1.0.14.2.20030319135608.0489c768@mail.attbi.com> <5.1.0.14.2.20030319143655.048b0010@mail.attbi.com> <000701c2ee6b$aa74fc20$60cefea9@f4n8i1> <p06000b57ba9ec4d21daa@[192.168.1.104]>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] This research group will fail
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 22:36:41 -0400
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> Only in some limited cases (e.g. "the domain doesn't exist").  That
> is one of the discussions ongoing here.  It sounds like a simple
> thing to do, but it turns out to have lots of complications.


Hi,

The vast majority of my troublesome mail appears my untrained eye to be
easily identifiable.  Most of the SPAM I get comes from Domains that only
change a bit.  optprofessionals.com,  freegift.com, and a lot of others that
don't leap to mind right now.


> >I think a good place to start for SPAMMERS in a legal sense would be that
> >each message must contain a valid return address, and a way the person
> >receiving the message can reply and be removed without being directed to
a
>
> That approach has a lot of supporters.  But you need to be careful
> even there.  Establishing penalties for people who forge the return
> address has potential to be good--but it makes anonymous speech
> difficult.

I'm not sure *anonymous speech* is worth protecting.  I'm not saying Free
Speech isn't worth protecting, but I should not have the protection to say
whatever I want, and the protection of doing it under cover.  While I'm no
lawyer isn't there a distinction between *Free Speech* and *Freedom of the
Press* and what the framers of the Constitution wanted to protect was my
right to get on my soapbox down on the corner and launch into a diatribe on
the government, or any other topic I wanted to.  Seems to me that what I
write on the Internet isn't *Speech*, but *Press*, and there are all kinds
of restrictions on the press.  I can't publish the collected works of a
noted Child Pornographer for example.  Here in Canada there have been cases
that have said people to do not have the right to publish hate crime against
an identifiable group of people, the most common example would be people of
the Jewish Faith, but I don't believe I can be stopped from getting on my
sopabox down on the corner and denying the Holocaust.


 On the other hand, legislation that said it was okay to
> spam if the return address was valid could potentially make your spam
> volume much, much higher.

I would clarify that a bit.  My idea is that I be able to reply to a SPAM,
and asked to be removed from future mailings.   Currently there seems to be
no reason for a SPAMMER to do that because there are no repercussions to him
if he doesn't.  But with the backing of my ISP, if he is faced with losing
access to the entire Mail Server for NBTel, that may be enough of a penalty
for the SPAMMER to respect my wishes.    Today I am going to get at least 20
messages from

suzy-acbyxuqd@free-gift-offers.com  to  suzy-yxtvmuxk@free-gift-offers.com

The first part of the address changes all the time, but the Domain remains
the same.  I currently use a program called Mail Washer, and I have over
1000 messages from these people.  As a paying customer of NBTel they should
address concerns.  If they backed me up I'm sure it would stop

If I could stop SPAMMERS like that, my problems would be cut down by 85%, I
could live with the rest of the crap I get, and these folks could continue
on with their business, but just not bother me with it.

ian

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To: Justin Mason <jm@jmason.org>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Mail path verification presentation 
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 17:31:59 -0800 (PST)

> BTW I would point out that DS, aka Designated Sender is a form of the
> can-this-IP-address-send-mail-as-my-domain query scheme; and IMO is more
> elegant/well-thought-out than some of the others. ;) 
>Could you list that as well on page 12?
I'll add it. But this is all the same and unfortunetly they all suffer 
from the same problem of not handling full mail path and only limited 
protect for one header that is not even seen by most headers.

>
> An interesting presentation; it's interesting to see the 'complex
> verification' system, which was hashed out on another list a while back,
> in another form (called 'porkhash' there).
I was trying to remember where I got it from but could not.
You remined it now. Thank you.

> Also, I was not aware of the MSGTRK WG at all. ;)
They finished most of their work about year ago or more. There was no 
meeting at this ietf for this WG. But when my draft is ready I'll bring it 
up and see if people there are willing to modify protocol.

> A good presentation, all in all,
> 
> --j.
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> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
From: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 19:59:25 -0800

At 08:06 PM 3/19/2003 -0500, you wrote:
>At 2:35 PM -0800 3/19/03, Steve Schear wrote:
>>Past that I really don't care if they can or cannot contact me. I can 
>>live with that.  A bit of balkenization might be desirable, even 
>>necessary, to coerce a change.
>
>You're right.  Balkanization may be necessary to coerce change.  If people 
>discover that they cannot communicate with their friends, the businesses 
>that they buy things from, and the periodicals that they read, they most 
>certainly will switch systems.  I'm glad we both agree on that.  Now 
>please apply that logic to your initial deployment.  Let's say you manage 
>to persuade 5% of the population (I'm being generous) to use your system 
>at first release.  Which do you think will be coerced to change? The 5% 
>that adopted your system initially, or the 95% that didn't?

Depends on whether the 95% continue be deluged with spam and the 5% claim 
they no longer do.


>>>At 2:13 PM -0500 3/19/03, Paul Judge wrote:
>>>>2.      must not affect delivery(latency, integrity, cost, reliability) of
>>>>wanted messages to a point that would effect the normal use of email
>>>>3.      must be easy to use
>>>>4.      must be easy to deploy, incrementally
>>>>         a.      must provide incentives to deploy for those doing the
>>>>deployment
>>>>5.      must not depend on universal deployment to be effective
>>>>7.      must have minimal administration and implementation overhead
>>>>8.      must have minimal computational and bandwidth overhead
>>>...it has serious problems with those requirements.
>>
>>I don't accept number 8 as being necessary.
>
>Okay.  How do you respond to 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7?

The sender-pays system, when implemented via PoW, is asymmetric to the 
extent that only the recipient, if that, needs to install special SW.  The 
postage generation by the sender can be initiated via an applet DL from a 
linked web site communicated by the recipient in what you are calling the 
challenge/response.


>>I don't think postage requires a universal acceptance off the bat. If it 
>>works for me, that's all I care.  Progress occurs when a small, but
>
>Please explain how it works for you when nobody else is using it.

You've jumped from a small number to zero, just as you're jumping to no 
solution without universality.


>>influential group, adopt some new technology or behavior which is 
>>beneficial to them.  As other's notice the advantages they too will see 
>>if it can work
>
>Yes. That is true.  Please explain what the advantages are when only a 
>small group is using it.

That group is, hopefully protected from a majority of spam.


>>for them.  I like Freenet and other P2P systems.  I don't care if they 
>>are not universal.
>
>Absolutely.  So long as they have a critical mass, they are useful. How 
>are you going to get a critical mass?

Critical mass, from my view, is when most of my would-be-correspondents use 
it.  I care not otherwise.


>>>At the early adopter stage you aren't forcing unknown senders to spend 
>>>more time and money--you're forcing the users of the system to spend 
>>>time and money.  The unknown senders aren't using the system. And you 
>>>can't block them because they constitute the majority of your correspondents.
>>
>>No they do not.  I'll white list all my current correspond ants all 
>>others are, ifso facto, unknown senders.  My .sigs will inform 
>>respondents on lists how to contact me in the same way people sometimes 
>>use intentional ill-formed email addresses to thwart harvesting.
>
>So, you agree that in the early stages your system is a combination of 
>whitelisting and challenge/response.

I never said otherwise.  Have you read the papers at http:www.camram.org?


>Now take a user looking for an anti-spam system.  He can install two systems.
>1. A whitelisting and challenge/response system.

That's camram with a web applet for generating postage.

>2. A whitelisting and challenge/response system that makes his 
>correspondents install special software and makes it more difficult and 
>expensive for him to send email.

I guess this system, who's ever it is may be at a disadvantage.


>Why will he install #2?

Depends on perceived effectiveness and other, perhaps intangible factors.



>>>Again, you've skipped to the "everyone has it" stage.  Take that person 
>>>currently facing the pain of having to change their address. You say to 
>>>them, "Here, instead of changing your address.  Install this system.  It 
>>>will take longer to send your email (or cost you money to send), and it 
>>>won't stop any spam right now.
>>
>>It will stop spam and all unknown senders immediately.
>
>Sure.  If you're willing to manually whitelist all your correspondants 
>and/or use a challenge/response system.  But that has nothing to do with 
>the feature that you are pushing--sender-pays.

Of course it does.  Please read the papers at http:www.camram.org before 
responding, if you do.


>>>Stop telling me how it's going to stop spam when everyone is using 
>>>it.  I believe you!  Tell me how you're going to convince people to use 
>>>it in the first place.
>>
>>For those who cannot or will not accept this aspect its not for them 
>>until it approaches more universal acceptance.
>
>Okay, now I think we may be approaching understanding.  All you need to 
>realize is that the number of people who will decide "its not for them" is 
>greater than the number who won't.  Therefore, you'll never approach 
>universal acceptance.  Therefore it's a dead-end.

The requirement of universal acceptance is probably a dead end.


>And at this point I give up on my end of this discussion.  If you aren't 
>persuaded now, I suggest you go start a software company selling end user 
>software (find a good area to tackle--something where Microsoft is giving 
>away their product for free, for instance--and sell something that doesn't 
>interoperate with other software in the area) and we can pick up this 
>discussion in ten years or so when you've had some experience trying to 
>sell software to end-users who already have a solution that sucks, but 
>basically works.

All the work I'm referring to is open source, like Freenet, and Linux.  I'm 
not trying to sell SW to anyone.  I'm looking for a viable solution for 
me.  One that raises the bar just enough that spammers and people who 
aren't really willing to spend just a bit more time then they do now to 
contact me initially are culled out.


>But thank's for the discussion.  You have changed my opinion of 
>sender-pays. I've gone from thinking that it's an interesting concept to 
>thinking it's a complete waste of time.

And all without reading the detailed material.  Amazing!

steve

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> And when it doesn't exist the Police are not rendered 
> ineffective ( ask 
> the Police in the U.K. where ID cards are not used at all )

UK law requires every business to list on its letterhead its
registered office at which service can be effected.

> I believe spam is a social evil and requires a social cure. 
> There are not 
> Technical answers to all problems. Spam is a case in point.

It is a purely technical problem, the email infrastructure
was designed to be used by a small number of people most of
whom were highly expert and almost none of whom would attack 
the network.

Today the network is vast, approaching a billion users. Almost
all of whom are clueless technically and a very large number
of whom are malicious if not outright evil.

You go off and try solving the social problems if you like.
I believe you will find that they are far less tractable than 
technical approaches that face the reality of the social 
constraints.

I don't care whether you are a slave to a right wing ideology
like the sender pays people for whom a market is the solution 
to every ill or a slave to a left wing ideology like the
anti-corporativists for whom the problem is always a corporate
interest and the solution always to eliminate the corporations.
If you are a slave to an ideology you become an idiot.

		Phill
 
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 21:23:16 -0800

Be carefull bandying about slogans of this sort.

The tragedy of the commons was a slogan used in the 18th and 19th century to
justify the enclosure of common land as private property. The argument had
some validity but the outcome of the enclosures was that the poor were
completely disposessed and the wealth was appropriated by the aristocracy.

	Phill

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Subject: [Asrg] Taxonomy of anti-spam systems version 3
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 00:51:12 -0500

Here is a third draft of the taxonomy of anti-spam systems. 

Once I started to put this in a graphical format, some flaws became obvious.
I went back and looked at some of my older work in creating taxonomies. The
top level classification was incorrect. Instead of prevention, deterrence,
and response, I believe that it should be prevention, detection, and
response. Prevention systems are subcategorized into deterrence systems and
protection systems. The detection category is essentially the old fail-open
category. This should help folks understand it better, since some seemed to
not agree with the use of 'fail-open' as a label. Actually, this particular
change is not drastic at all since I had already explained in the text that
'fail-open' systems detect unwanted messages.

I also incorporated feedback from the list about draft 2. (Thanks Tom,
Chris, Jon and Hadmut.)

Please provide feedback. Thanks. 

-Paul


-----------------------------

1.	Spam Prevention Approaches - These systems aim to prevent the spread
of spam messages. This includes protection systems and deterrence systems.

	a)	Spam Protection (to shield from exposure)
		i)	Whitelists
			(1)	Basic
			(2)	Verified
				(a)	Authenticated sender identity
				(b)	Token supported
				(c)	Disposable email addresses 
		ii)	Challenge/Response systems
			(1)	Basic
			(2)	Human verification (i.e. turing tests)
		iii)	Consent Tokens (a priori consent)
			(1)	Proof-of-work (i.e. hashcash)
			(2)	Stamps
		iv)	Don't receive messages, just notification (i.e.
IM2000)

	b)	Spam Deterrence Approaches - (to discourage from acting)
These systems aim to deter spamming activities. In most areas of life,
deterrence is achieved by introducing the ability to identify and track
wrongdoers. These systems provide input to certain spam reaction techniques
such as charging, legal prosecution, malicious response, and feedback to
reputation systems.

		i)	Authentication
		ii)	Tracking
		iii)	Non-repudiation

2)	Spam Detection 
	a)	Human determination
		i)	Collaborative filtering (i.e., razor) 
	b)	System Determination
		i)	Who is it from? 
			(1)	Blacklists
			(2)	Reputation systems
		ii)	What's in it? (Content Filtering)
			(1)	Static lists 
			(2)	Learning methods 
		iii)	How was it sent?
			(1)	Forged info?  (i.e. reverse DNS, domain
lookup, verify email address on calling server, verify message on sending
server,reverse MX record)
			(2)	Envelope characteristics; delivery path
information 
			(3)	Quantity? (i.e. DCC)

3)	Spam Responses - These are the different approaches that can be
taken upon receipt. 

	a)	Accept
	b)	Quarantine
	c)	Reject
	d)	Drop
	e)	Label
	f)	Challenge
	g)	Limit Rate
		i)	Ingress
		ii)	Egress
	h)	Feedback 
		i)	to detection systems i.e. blacklists, reputation
systems, learning content filtering methods
		ii)	to other response systems
	i)	Charge
		i)	Confirmed payment (i.e. Bonded Sender, Trusted
Sender)
		ii)	Pursue payment (i.e.Habeas)
	j)	Legal Prosecution
	k)	Malicious response (e.g., teargrubbing and hackback)
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 14:10:30 +0800

>UK law requires every business to list on its letterhead its
>registered office at which service can be effected.

But ( and you'll correct me if I'm wrong ) not all spammers are 
businesses, and even when they are, setting up a business for the Xmas 
season and closing it in January is still legal. Where's your process 
server when the goods fall apart in two months, despite Consumer 
Protection laws?

>If you are a slave to an ideology you become an idiot.
>
>Phill

Mate, I couldn't agree more.

I still get this feeling that altering the behaviour of spammers in the 
long term won't happen by changing the RFCs, however much I'm willing to 
try it because I have to hope it is possible to improve on what we have.

But I'd be willing to bet my $.02 that "judging intent" of email whether 
by content or "authorised source" will turn out to be beyond a Computer, 
particularly without mucking things up for the billion clueless users who 
WANT to send anything anywhere quickly.

On with the show!

Regards,

tom.
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CSC
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To: "Ian Wilson" <wilson@nbnet.nb.ca>, "Kee Hinckley" <nazgul@somewhere.com>
From: John Morris <jmorris@cdt.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] This research group will fail
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 22:11:38 -0800

Not to drag us into an extended legal debate, but

At 10:36 PM 3/19/03 -0400, Ian Wilson wrote:
><snip>
>
>I'm not sure *anonymous speech* is worth protecting.  I'm not saying Free
>Speech isn't worth protecting, but I should not have the protection to say
>whatever I want, and the protection of doing it under cover.

Lots and lots of anonymous speech is very valuable and some important 
speech would not take place without anonymity (we can discuss that more 
off-list if desired).  But there are lots of situations in which anonymity 
will fall to other interests, and courts will likely agree that false 
return addresses and headers in UCE will not  be protected.

>While I'm no
>lawyer isn't there a distinction between *Free Speech* and *Freedom of the
>Press* and what the framers of the Constitution wanted to protect was my
>right to get on my soapbox down on the corner and launch into a diatribe on
>the government, or any other topic I wanted to.  Seems to me that what I
>write on the Internet isn't *Speech*

In the US, FWIW, the opposite of this is true.  A key conclusion of the US 
Supreme Court's decision in 1997 in Reno v. ACLU, is that in fact the 
Internet is the modern day embodiment of the soap box of old.  When the 
First Amendment was written, the town commons was important in community 
life and a soapbox was an effective way to raise a public concern.  By the 
late 20th Century, an actual soapbox in a park had become absolutely 
irrelevant.  Internet communications are definitely viewed as protected 
speech by US courts.

The bottom line for this group is that (at least in the US) the First 
Amendment is likely to impose some constraints on anti-spam legislation, 
making technical approaches to reduce spam all the more important.

John

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To: "Ian Wilson" <wilson@nbnet.nb.ca>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] This research group will fail
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 23:15:55 -0500

At 10:36 PM -0400 3/19/03, Ian Wilson wrote:
>The vast majority of my troublesome mail appears my untrained eye to be
>easily identifiable.  Most of the SPAM I get comes from Domains that only
>change a bit.  optprofessionals.com,  freegift.com, and a lot of others that
>don't leap to mind right now.

They change as they get blocked.  Some spammers use fake ones. 
Others create new (real) domains on a weekly basis.  If it were just 
a matter of blocking domains there wouldn't be a business for 
anti-spam companies.

>I'm not sure *anonymous speech* is worth protecting.  I'm not saying Free
>Speech isn't worth protecting, but I should not have the protection to say
>whatever I want, and the protection of doing it under cover.  While I'm no

A quick google search turned up lots of references on the consitution 
and anonymous speech.  This one seems to cover the issues pretty well:
http://www.yaledailynews.com/article.asp?AID=1380

>  On the other hand, legislation that said it was okay to
>>  spam if the return address was valid could potentially make your spam
>>  volume much, much higher.
>
>I would clarify that a bit.  My idea is that I be able to reply to a SPAM,
>and asked to be removed from future mailings.   Currently there seems to be

Of course the people who violate this are the ones you won't be able 
to track down easily.  The issue with making this rule is that it has 
the potential to legitimize unsolicited email.  While getting 
thousands of spam messages every week is really unpleasant.  Getting 
thousands of offers from legitimate companies every day would be even 
worse.  Yes, you could unsubscribe.  But you'd spend all day doing 
it.  I'm not arguing against requiring legitimate return addresses on 
bulk email.  I think it's a very good idea.  But we do want to make 
sure that we *still* require some form of opt-in.


>for the SPAMMER to respect my wishes.    Today I am going to get at least 20
>messages from
>
>suzy-acbyxuqd@free-gift-offers.com  to  suzy-yxtvmuxk@free-gift-offers.com
>
>The first part of the address changes all the time, but the Domain remains
>the same.  I currently use a program called Mail Washer, and I have over
>1000 messages from these people.  As a paying customer of NBTel they should
>address concerns.  If they backed me up I'm sure it would stop

What should they do?  That domain maps to optindeals.com.  (Amusing 
rule of thumb, I have *never* gotten a false positive flagging an 
address with "optin" in the domain name :-).  That domain maps to a 
DSL connection on cais.net.  It wouldn't surprise me at all if that 
IP address periodically changed.  They can complain to cais (and so 
can you).  They might close the account.  Not clear if they could 
safely block the entire ISP.  And in any case--you've said the 
email's from address is free-gift-offers.com.  But do you have any 
evidence that the email actually comes from the owner of that domain? 
The circumstantial evidence looks good--but presumably you'd want 
your ISP to carefully check for proof before shutting off *your* 
account if someone accused you of spamming.

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for anti-spam systems-Draft 1 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 19 Mar 2003 15:48:32 PST."
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 02:45:13 -0500

--==_Exmh_141916046P
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

On Wed, 19 Mar 2003 15:48:32 PST, Justin Mason said:

>   c. a user sending a mail via one ISP's SMTP server, with the rfc-822
>      "From" address set to another account on another ISP (quite
>      pathological, but it happens)

> For example, personally I would be happy with a solution that deals with
> spam but breaks the c. case, since IMO it's a hack, and the old adage
> about omelettes and eggs springs to mind. ;)

I wouldn't go quite *that* far, personally.  Yes, it's a hack.  But it's a
widely deployed hack.  Solutions that break widely deployed things are a
Bad Idea.

We need to examine things, and ask (a) who will be screwed over by the
proposal and (b) what can be done to alleviate the problem?

(In this case, it's (a) "road warriors" and (b) Port 587).

Fortunately, there's already a solution in hand, we just need to deploy it.
Unfortunately, there *will* be corner cases where we will have to make life
difficult for somebody, and hard choices will have to be made...


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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'John Morris'" <jmorris@cdt.org>, Ian Wilson <wilson@nbnet.nb.ca>,
        Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] This research group will fail
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 00:19:37 -0800

Anonymous email is pretty easy to support if we have a mechanism that allows
us to control spam.

Then we can bring up the pnet gateway and its ilk again.

	Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: John Morris [mailto:jmorris@cdt.org]
> Sent: Wednesday, March 19, 2003 10:12 PM
> To: Ian Wilson; Kee Hinckley
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] This research group will fail
> 
> 
> Not to drag us into an extended legal debate, but
> 
> At 10:36 PM 3/19/03 -0400, Ian Wilson wrote:
> ><snip>
> >
> >I'm not sure *anonymous speech* is worth protecting.  I'm 
> not saying Free
> >Speech isn't worth protecting, but I should not have the 
> protection to say
> >whatever I want, and the protection of doing it under cover.
> 
> Lots and lots of anonymous speech is very valuable and some important 
> speech would not take place without anonymity (we can discuss 
> that more 
> off-list if desired).  But there are lots of situations in 
> which anonymity 
> will fall to other interests, and courts will likely agree that false 
> return addresses and headers in UCE will not  be protected.
> 
> >While I'm no
> >lawyer isn't there a distinction between *Free Speech* and 
> *Freedom of the
> >Press* and what the framers of the Constitution wanted to 
> protect was my
> >right to get on my soapbox down on the corner and launch 
> into a diatribe on
> >the government, or any other topic I wanted to.  Seems to me 
> that what I
> >write on the Internet isn't *Speech*
> 
> In the US, FWIW, the opposite of this is true.  A key 
> conclusion of the US 
> Supreme Court's decision in 1997 in Reno v. ACLU, is that in fact the 
> Internet is the modern day embodiment of the soap box of old. 
>  When the 
> First Amendment was written, the town commons was important 
> in community 
> life and a soapbox was an effective way to raise a public 
> concern.  By the 
> late 20th Century, an actual soapbox in a park had become absolutely 
> irrelevant.  Internet communications are definitely viewed as 
> protected 
> speech by US courts.
> 
> The bottom line for this group is that (at least in the US) the First 
> Amendment is likely to impose some constraints on anti-spam 
> legislation, 
> making technical approaches to reduce spam all the more important.
> 
> John
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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Subject: [Asrg] List Kiddies
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 00:18:34 -0800

OK so we thought we should get a pejorative name for the twits who BUY the
CDROM of 10 million email addresses, many 8 years old or more.

This is what we did a while back with hackers, inventing a demeaning term
for them to strip them of the mistique.

After some thought we came up with 'something like suckers' but no further.
So I'll make an executive decision here and the name is LIST KIDDIES.

This name is self explanatory, a lot of the spam problem is caused by
clueless dweebs who will never make a dollar sending spam to a 10 year old
list. The 'kiddie' part is a little on the opaque side but will be readily
understood by the community and the trade press.

		Phill
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Subject: [Asrg] A possible way to a solution?
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Hi all,

I've been monitoring the list for the past few days now. Hearing (well, reading) everyone with all 
the different types of solutions and arguments brings me to the following concept. Although its far 
from covering everything, there are still some lose ends, I think its a good starting point. 

Although spam should be (and in most countries is) illegal, that's not going to stop it. As long as 
there are countries that are more flexible to spammers, it will be hard to get them before court. 
Which ultimately leads to conclude that the law is not going to be able to solve this. So any 
discussion whether it should be more illegal or not, heavier punishments or cheaper ways to bring a 
spammer to justice will not make spam go away. In other words, a futile discussion.
Since justice needs a person or organization to stand trial, what we need to do first is find out 
who is spamming in a legal way. Then Justice can take place much more easily.

Content filtering is (as has been pointed out before) ultimately an enduser solution. As email can 
be encrypted (although encrypted spam is hardly very likely) it becomes difficult for an automated 
process to be checked. Besides, the same content can sometimes be wanted and sometimes be spam (as 
has also been described in emails from others on the list). If I like to write dirty to my 
girlfriend, that is not spam. However, if it is to thousands of users around the world that I do 
not know, that would make it spam for most, although there might still be a few who would want that 
kind of mail...

Systems that rely on remote systems setting tags, or having certificates are also not very reliable 
in the end. They can be forged. If a spammer has its own mailserver, it can forge any tag that is 
invented to prevent spam.

Seperation of spam and legitimate mail must be close to 100%. Something like 99.99999%. If on a 
billion mails only one gets lost, that's acceptable to me. Furthermore, the traffic spam consumes 
must be reduced to its absoluut minimum. Determining if an email is spam can only be done at the 
receiving side on the server or on the client. A spammer can be a legitimate sender at one time, 
and a spammer at another.

Which ultimately leads me to the conclusion that the receiving mailserver should be the first place 
to start. This is the place where the spammer has no control over. If he knocks on my door and 
doesn't know the password, I can simply keep the door locked. Whatever authentication or 
certification my mailserver wants to receive an email, the spammer will have to comply to. (As long 
as my security on the server is sound of course...But even then, if security is low, the spammer 
will have to be a hacker as well, totally different skills, and much more timeconsuming).

So the question is probably, how do we do that?
Firstly, I want my mailserver to garantee the sender. That will give me much more control. 
The server could do this as follows: whenever a remote mailserver sends an email to a receiving 
mailserver, the receiving mailserver should lookup the domain of which the sender claims the email 
is from, contact the mailserver of that domain, and check it is actually trying to send the email.
This will garantee the source to my mailserver, giving me full control over the check. It will be 
very difficult for the spammer to forge this.
Now a problem rises for users that send from a mailserver that's is not part of the source domain. 
Like mobile users sending mail from their hotelroom, home users sending with an office 
emailaddress, etc. This can be solved by informing the mailserver of the domain in the FROM field 
that a message is being send. Basically, you could send the header of the email which will provide 
enough information. For this to happen reliably, the user would have to login to the mailserver. In 
the end, if the mailserver of the domain in the FROM field is not notified, the sender will not be 
able to get the email to me.

So now that I know the source,  I could setup a list of users on the mailserver that are save. 
Whenever the mailserver receives an email for me, it'll check against the list of known addresses. 
If the sending party is in my list, the email can go right to my mailbox. If not, additional action 
is needed (and has to be defined). Very safe, and without too much need for server resources.
I can still send email from anywhere in the world to anyone. Thus, I can create a whitelist of 
folks whom I trust. Of course, I would need to setup all my emailboxes with the necessary filters.

This mechanisme ensures that an email can be traced back to the sending domain, it has to have a 
valid sending emailaddress of which the domainname is registered in DNS and the authorized 
mailserver of that domain must have send the email.
If more mailservers exists within the sending domain, it is likely that the receiving mailserver 
connects to a different mailserver from the sending domain. So there also has to be a mechanisme 
for the sending mailservers to communicate amongst each other. Basically, it should do a sort of 
broadcast to is fellow mailservers of the domain, and ask if anyone is sending the email.

Since we now know who is sending the spam (forging emailaddresses just became much more difficult) 
we can put up a blacklist with known spammers. An email server should be able to either mirror it 
in case the blacklist goes down (due to a DoS attack of some sort) or use it realtime. Every user 
should have an option somewhere, in its client, thru a website of the ISP, whatever, to select a 
particular blacklist and tell the emailserver to use that list or lists for the users mailbox. The 
email server will first use the users whitelist, and then the blacklist.
If a user considers an email spam, it should be able to reply the email and sent it out again, 
using a special tag in the subject stating SPAM or something. The email server will pick this up 
and instead of sending the reply to the spammer (though he might get perhaps a copy?) it will sent 
it to the blacklist.
If the sending address gets, say, twenty emails from different persons stating the sender is a 
spammer, it could be added to the list.

Spammers who use a temporary hotmail account might still form a problem, but they will not be able 
to send email using that account if they do not notify the hotmail emailserver. Webmail accounts 
usually can only be used from a webpage which sends the email using an unknown (to the sender) 
mailserver. I have a feeling spammers are not going to use a webpage to construct thousands of 
email spam....

Remember, this is just a thought (though a long one...) of how it could be done. The above 
described method can be slowly implemented in the existing systems. If users also authenticate to 
SMTP servers, the ISP or administrator can also make sure no unauthorised person gets to use the 
mailserver. In the end, it will make spamming a whole lot harder. 

Happy thinking! 

Olger Diekstra.


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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Thu Mar 20 04:48:29 2003
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To: Olger Diekstra <olger@olgisoft.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A possible way to a solution?
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 23:46:28 -0800 (PST)

Once again this is type of verification based on DNS, I described majority 
of this approaches in my presentation and in the beginning described what 
these approaches would need to deal with and the solution described here 
is pretty much what I called complex mail verficiation. Again ANYBODY who 
is considering doing any kind DNS based mail sender verification any kind 
of solution like has been discussed at "Domain Authorized SMTP Mail" 
thread and RMX and number of other threads (and there are many many people 
like this on the list), I strongly recommend to read my presentation at:

http://www.elan.net/~william/asrg-emailpathverification-presentation.pdf

(Note that right now it looks like I will not be presenting this on actual 
meeting as chair has chosen different presentations for it)

I also do think that being able to track spammer to his real location will 
go 1/2 way in stopping them, the rest would fall into being able to 
contstruct good black/whitelists and doing legal and other actions to
close spammer business.

On Thu, 20 Mar 2003, Olger Diekstra wrote:

> Hi all,
> 
> I've been monitoring the list for the past few days now. Hearing (well, reading) everyone with all 
> the different types of solutions and arguments brings me to the following concept. Although its far 
> from covering everything, there are still some lose ends, I think its a good starting point. 
> 
> Although spam should be (and in most countries is) illegal, that's not going to stop it. As long as 
> there are countries that are more flexible to spammers, it will be hard to get them before court. 
> Which ultimately leads to conclude that the law is not going to be able to solve this. So any 
> discussion whether it should be more illegal or not, heavier punishments or cheaper ways to bring a 
> spammer to justice will not make spam go away. In other words, a futile discussion.
> Since justice needs a person or organization to stand trial, what we need to do first is find out 
> who is spamming in a legal way. Then Justice can take place much more easily.
> 
> Content filtering is (as has been pointed out before) ultimately an enduser solution. As email can 
> be encrypted (although encrypted spam is hardly very likely) it becomes difficult for an automated 
> process to be checked. Besides, the same content can sometimes be wanted and sometimes be spam (as 
> has also been described in emails from others on the list). If I like to write dirty to my 
> girlfriend, that is not spam. However, if it is to thousands of users around the world that I do 
> not know, that would make it spam for most, although there might still be a few who would want that 
> kind of mail...
> 
> Systems that rely on remote systems setting tags, or having certificates are also not very reliable 
> in the end. They can be forged. If a spammer has its own mailserver, it can forge any tag that is 
> invented to prevent spam.
> 
> Seperation of spam and legitimate mail must be close to 100%. Something like 99.99999%. If on a 
> billion mails only one gets lost, that's acceptable to me. Furthermore, the traffic spam consumes 
> must be reduced to its absoluut minimum. Determining if an email is spam can only be done at the 
> receiving side on the server or on the client. A spammer can be a legitimate sender at one time, 
> and a spammer at another.
> 
> Which ultimately leads me to the conclusion that the receiving mailserver should be the first place 
> to start. This is the place where the spammer has no control over. If he knocks on my door and 
> doesn't know the password, I can simply keep the door locked. Whatever authentication or 
> certification my mailserver wants to receive an email, the spammer will have to comply to. (As long 
> as my security on the server is sound of course...But even then, if security is low, the spammer 
> will have to be a hacker as well, totally different skills, and much more timeconsuming).
> 
> So the question is probably, how do we do that?
> Firstly, I want my mailserver to garantee the sender. That will give me much more control. 
> The server could do this as follows: whenever a remote mailserver sends an email to a receiving 
> mailserver, the receiving mailserver should lookup the domain of which the sender claims the email 
> is from, contact the mailserver of that domain, and check it is actually trying to send the email.
> This will garantee the source to my mailserver, giving me full control over the check. It will be 
> very difficult for the spammer to forge this.
> Now a problem rises for users that send from a mailserver that's is not part of the source domain. 
> Like mobile users sending mail from their hotelroom, home users sending with an office 
> emailaddress, etc. This can be solved by informing the mailserver of the domain in the FROM field 
> that a message is being send. Basically, you could send the header of the email which will provide 
> enough information. For this to happen reliably, the user would have to login to the mailserver. In 
> the end, if the mailserver of the domain in the FROM field is not notified, the sender will not be 
> able to get the email to me.
> 
> So now that I know the source,  I could setup a list of users on the mailserver that are save. 
> Whenever the mailserver receives an email for me, it'll check against the list of known addresses. 
> If the sending party is in my list, the email can go right to my mailbox. If not, additional action 
> is needed (and has to be defined). Very safe, and without too much need for server resources.
> I can still send email from anywhere in the world to anyone. Thus, I can create a whitelist of 
> folks whom I trust. Of course, I would need to setup all my emailboxes with the necessary filters.
> 
> This mechanisme ensures that an email can be traced back to the sending domain, it has to have a 
> valid sending emailaddress of which the domainname is registered in DNS and the authorized 
> mailserver of that domain must have send the email.
> If more mailservers exists within the sending domain, it is likely that the receiving mailserver 
> connects to a different mailserver from the sending domain. So there also has to be a mechanisme 
> for the sending mailservers to communicate amongst each other. Basically, it should do a sort of 
> broadcast to is fellow mailservers of the domain, and ask if anyone is sending the email.
> 
> Since we now know who is sending the spam (forging emailaddresses just became much more difficult) 
> we can put up a blacklist with known spammers. An email server should be able to either mirror it 
> in case the blacklist goes down (due to a DoS attack of some sort) or use it realtime. Every user 
> should have an option somewhere, in its client, thru a website of the ISP, whatever, to select a 
> particular blacklist and tell the emailserver to use that list or lists for the users mailbox. The 
> email server will first use the users whitelist, and then the blacklist.
> If a user considers an email spam, it should be able to reply the email and sent it out again, 
> using a special tag in the subject stating SPAM or something. The email server will pick this up 
> and instead of sending the reply to the spammer (though he might get perhaps a copy?) it will sent 
> it to the blacklist.
> If the sending address gets, say, twenty emails from different persons stating the sender is a 
> spammer, it could be added to the list.
> 
> Spammers who use a temporary hotmail account might still form a problem, but they will not be able 
> to send email using that account if they do not notify the hotmail emailserver. Webmail accounts 
> usually can only be used from a webpage which sends the email using an unknown (to the sender) 
> mailserver. I have a feeling spammers are not going to use a webpage to construct thousands of 
> email spam....
> 
> Remember, this is just a thought (though a long one...) of how it could be done. The above 
> described method can be slowly implemented in the existing systems. If users also authenticate to 
> SMTP servers, the ISP or administrator can also make sure no unauthorised person gets to use the 
> mailserver. In the end, it will make spamming a whole lot harder. 
> 
> Happy thinking! 
> 
> Olger Diekstra.
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
Office & Support: 408-519-6243
Sales: 877-ELAN-NET or 650-333-7658






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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 00:05:46 -0800 (PST)

I do not think you're quite right, depending on what system is used, 
amonymous email can become more difficult, i.e. if you can trace user to 
such to exact ip/isp/company/domain, the anonymity remains only as long as 
the company you traced it to is willing to protect that anomymity. As we 
have seen in latest MPAA vs Verizon, some ISPs can be very protective of 
that information but in the end Verizon still lost...

Also I'm not familiar with ilk. Can you explain that?

On Thu, 20 Mar 2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

> Anonymous email is pretty easy to support if we have a mechanism that allows
> us to control spam.
> 
> Then we can bring up the pnet gateway and its ilk again.
> 
> 	Phill
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: John Morris [mailto:jmorris@cdt.org]
> > Sent: Wednesday, March 19, 2003 10:12 PM
> > To: Ian Wilson; Kee Hinckley
> > Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [Asrg] This research group will fail
> > 
> > 
> > Not to drag us into an extended legal debate, but
> > 
> > At 10:36 PM 3/19/03 -0400, Ian Wilson wrote:
> > ><snip>
> > >
> > >I'm not sure *anonymous speech* is worth protecting.  I'm 
> > not saying Free
> > >Speech isn't worth protecting, but I should not have the 
> > protection to say
> > >whatever I want, and the protection of doing it under cover.
> > 
> > Lots and lots of anonymous speech is very valuable and some important 
> > speech would not take place without anonymity (we can discuss 
> > that more 
> > off-list if desired).  But there are lots of situations in 
> > which anonymity 
> > will fall to other interests, and courts will likely agree that false 
> > return addresses and headers in UCE will not  be protected.
> > 
> > >While I'm no
> > >lawyer isn't there a distinction between *Free Speech* and 
> > *Freedom of the
> > >Press* and what the framers of the Constitution wanted to 
> > protect was my
> > >right to get on my soapbox down on the corner and launch 
> > into a diatribe on
> > >the government, or any other topic I wanted to.  Seems to me 
> > that what I
> > >write on the Internet isn't *Speech*
> > 
> > In the US, FWIW, the opposite of this is true.  A key 
> > conclusion of the US 
> > Supreme Court's decision in 1997 in Reno v. ACLU, is that in fact the 
> > Internet is the modern day embodiment of the soap box of old. 
> >  When the 
> > First Amendment was written, the town commons was important 
> > in community 
> > life and a soapbox was an effective way to raise a public 
> > concern.  By the 
> > late 20th Century, an actual soapbox in a park had become absolutely 
> > irrelevant.  Internet communications are definitely viewed as 
> > protected 
> > speech by US courts.
> > 
> > The bottom line for this group is that (at least in the US) the First 
> > Amendment is likely to impose some constraints on anti-spam 
> > legislation, 
> > making technical approaches to reduce spam all the more important.
> > 
> > John
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> > 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] An amazing amount of spam 
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On Wednesday, Mar 19, 2003, at 20:34 Europe/London, Alan DeKok wrote:

> wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com> wrote:
>> The spam problem *can't* get as bad as Alan's spam problem.  There
>> aren't enough pipes on the whole planet to create enough spam to make
>> it that bad.  Spam may be growning at an exponential rate right now,
>> but we all know that exponential growth can't go on forever.
>
>   It can stop when the outbound pipes from the spammers are full.  The
> problem is that there are a lot of pipes.
>
>   I see no reason why spam can't increase by 2-3 orders of magnitude
> over where it is now.  While spam may be 50% of the SMTP traffic on
> the backbone, there is a LOT of unused bandwidth out there.

 From my measurements, spam represents about 0.05% of internet bandwidth 
(at 5% of all email traffic in terms of size (though 50% in terms of 
quantity)).

Matt.

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Date: 20 Mar 2003 05:31:59 -0600

On Thu, 20 Mar 2003 09:13:47 +1200, mike.pearson@ssc.govt.nz writes:

> Thanks to those contributors who mentioned this issue. I found the following
> 1-page summary useful in understanding the background of the concept:
> http://members.aol.com/trajcom/private/commons.htm
> 
> An important concept though, is that the scarce resource is not [bandwidth],
> but [our attention] i.e. technology can give extra Mbs, but not extra
> minutes.

Exactly!

At computer prices of $10,000 for 1ghz. [1]
At bandwidth of $100/gb. [2]
At storage of $50/gig. [3]

In an exaggerated situation, I'd rather burn 60ghz*seconds, 60kb of
bandwidth, and 120kb*100 weeks of storage than to deal with a *single*
message. In the first case, I'm out $.02 in resources, in the second,
I'm out 5 seconds. I value 5 seconds of my time as much more valuable
than $.02.

For an unexagerated situation, with bandwidth prices of $5/gig, and
assuming you actually nuke unwanted email weekly, instead of save it
for 2 years, the numbers come to that I'd rather burn 60ghz seconds,
2400kb of bandwidth, 12MB*weeks of storage, for one spam.

Thus, I've still thought that the mantra of 'stealing my bandwidth' is
an argument I cannot understand, because of how weak it is. I have no
idea who made it, or why they focussed on the absolute cheapest
resource that spam consumes. (Could someone illuminate this with some
history?) Had the mantra been 'they steal my time' or 'they steal my
client's time', I'd agree 100%.

The real irony is that that argument seems to be getting even more
weak, as CPU, storage, and bandwith prices continue to decrease, and
human time becomes more valuable.

Ergo, my pet-idea of, at some level, essentially forgetting about
those ever-cheapening resources; bandwidth, CPU, and space and instead
focus on the only resource that is expensive, and getting more
expensive: human attention&time.

Thus, without *really* good arguments, I can't see the point of ideas
that embed complicated policy langauges into SMTP. Nor others that
force a sender to burn an infitestimal amount of CPU; I'd rather burn
an ghz*hour of CPU than waste a minute of my time.

Now, my pet theory of either reducing the cost, in human time to the
recipients of unwanted communication, or increase the cost, in human
time, to the sender. (And do it in a way that avoids breaking mailing
lists.) I throw out CAPTCHA as a starting point.


Scott





[1] Assume 1ghz for $10,000 over a lifetime of 3 years or 100M
seconds, this comes out to $.0001 per second of 1ghz CPU.

[2] Colo seems to be about 300 gigs monthly at $3500, taken from
www.anchor.net.au; australian dollars.

[3] HD is now $1/gig at commodity prices. 50 is conservative. Assume
they last 100 weeks.
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To: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Tragedy of the Commons
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--On Thursday, March 20, 2003 5:31 AM -0600 Scott A Crosby 
<scrosby@cs.rice.edu> wrote:

> On Thu, 20 Mar 2003 09:13:47 +1200, mike.pearson@ssc.govt.nz writes:
>
>> Thanks to those contributors who mentioned this issue. I found the
>> following 1-page summary useful in understanding the background of the
>> concept: http://members.aol.com/trajcom/private/commons.htm
>>
>> An important concept though, is that the scarce resource is not
>> [bandwidth], but [our attention] i.e. technology can give extra Mbs, but
>> not extra minutes.
>
> Exactly!
>
> At computer prices of $10,000 for 1ghz. [1]
> At bandwidth of $100/gb. [2]
> At storage of $50/gig. [3]
>
> In an exaggerated situation, I'd rather burn 60ghz*seconds, 60kb of
> bandwidth, and 120kb*100 weeks of storage than to deal with a *single*
> message. In the first case, I'm out $.02 in resources, in the second,
> I'm out 5 seconds. I value 5 seconds of my time as much more valuable
> than $.02.
>
> For an unexagerated situation, with bandwidth prices of $5/gig, and
> assuming you actually nuke unwanted email weekly, instead of save it
> for 2 years, the numbers come to that I'd rather burn 60ghz seconds,
> 2400kb of bandwidth, 12MB*weeks of storage, for one spam.
>
> Thus, I've still thought that the mantra of 'stealing my bandwidth' is
> an argument I cannot understand, because of how weak it is. I have no
> idea who made it, or why they focussed on the absolute cheapest
> resource that spam consumes. (Could someone illuminate this with some
> history?) Had the mantra been 'they steal my time' or 'they steal my
> client's time', I'd agree 100%.
>
> The real irony is that that argument seems to be getting even more
> weak, as CPU, storage, and bandwith prices continue to decrease, and
> human time becomes more valuable.
>
> Ergo, my pet-idea of, at some level, essentially forgetting about
> those ever-cheapening resources; bandwidth, CPU, and space and instead
> focus on the only resource that is expensive, and getting more
> expensive: human attention&time.
>
> Thus, without *really* good arguments, I can't see the point of ideas
> that embed complicated policy langauges into SMTP. Nor others that
> force a sender to burn an infitestimal amount of CPU; I'd rather burn
> an ghz*hour of CPU than waste a minute of my time.
>
> Now, my pet theory of either reducing the cost, in human time to the
> recipients of unwanted communication, or increase the cost, in human
> time, to the sender. (And do it in a way that avoids breaking mailing
> lists.) I throw out CAPTCHA as a starting point.
>
>
> Scott

On 3/18/03, Matthew Richards posted an interesting idea of developing a new 
email protocol that used a website based login system for every message 
sent ([Asrg]try this on for size).  The thread was never picked up, and I 
had criticisms due to its potentially cumbersome nature as far as sending 
legitimate mass emails was concerned.  However, if you're looking to make 
spamming extremely tedious, time consuming, and difficult for the sender, I 
think it's worth revisiting that thread.

Halloran Parry
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From: "M Wild" <asrg@wildm.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: re: [Asrg] This research group will fail
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This proposition really depends on how you define fail.  If you mean the
solution does not eliminate *ALL* spam I'd say I have to agree.  However my
requirement is not a 100% solution...I just want some relief, for my users,
for my servers and for me.  A number of list members have mentioned that it
appears folks are looking for the "magic bullet"  There is not one so
looking for it is a waste of time.  I suspect that there will be a number of
different measures that solve small parts of the problem and when combined
make a real difference.  My ideal solution is something that takes place
during the SMTP handshake...if the mail gets to the DATA phase then my mail
server is committed to doing the work of virus scanning the mail, marching
it around the various queues and either delivering it to the user's mailbox
or having to bounce it back to the (probably fictitious) sender.  That is a
loss for me.  I have philosophical issues with whitelists/blacklists mainly
due to the fact that I don't want my mail servers to have to keep track of a
lot of stuff and/or turn over control of who I will/will not accept mail
from to an external party.  I may have to get over this in order to get to a
solution that works.  If I really thought this group was going to fail this
would be an unsubscribe...the mail volume on this list is, well,
significant.  I'm still here because I'm convinced the collective wisdom of
the list will come up with *SOMETHING*  If nothing else the humor of some of
the posters gives me a chuckle on a regular basis and that is definitely
worth reading.

Regards
Mike


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Ronald F. Guilmette wrote:
> In message <3E78C984.1020505@americasm01.nt.com>, 
> "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:
> And the winner is.... <<drum roll>...

> :-)

I was expecting you to chime in :-)

>>[*] I have an issue with MONKEYSPROXY because the criteria for removal 
>>isn't "just fix the open socks or proxy and ask for retest" - because 
>>asking for the retest has other extraneous requirements.

> The UPL re-testing/de-listing requirements are detailed here:

>      http://www.monkeys.com/upl/delisting-policy.html

> They are reasonably trivial to satisfy... unless you are a complete
> dumbshit and/or unless your ISP is totally worthless and totally
> unresponsive, even to YOUR requests for assistance.

I'm half expecting/dreading this to turn into a long protracted 
discussion.  Ron and I have had this conversation before, and I don't 
expect my comments here will change his mind.  So, I'm going to say my 
piece as it pertains to general principles of spam control and then shut 
up on this subject.

In my view, the criteria for "delisting" an IP in a blacklist should be 
the exact reverse of the criteria for "listing".  This is true in most 
blacklists.  Not true for Monkeys -  it's saving grace _so_far_ is 
simply that it _is_ very effective (partially due to us, as you'll 
recall, Ron).  But this will degrade over time given your delisting 
criteria.

I agree with your remark about ISPs.  But, that's not the point.  The 
goal of any anti-spam "technique" is to stop spam, not to to attempt to 
enforce "best practises" which are unrelated to the technique, and are 
at best only indirectly addressing spam.  As such, a list where being 
listed means "you're an open proxy", being delisted should mean "you're 
no longer an open proxy", not "you're no longer an open proxy, and your 
provider isn't an idiot".

For our purposes in handling false positives, I need to be able to tell 
the person who hit the block that "I've triggered a retest" subject only 
to issues surrounding, say, OSIRUS's or ORDB's retesting mechanism 
glitching and missing a request, not "I tried to, pray your ISP pays 
attention, your WHOIS entry is sane, etc".

The UPL isn't strictly a "open proxy/socks" list, it's more of a awkward 
combination of "open proxy/socks" plus "RFCIgnorant".  Those who want to 
use it need to be aware of that fact.

When we hit a MONKEYS block we provide the end-user with the appropriate 
link for the sender progressing through your delisting criteria, but I'd 
expect the majority of users not be able to complete it successfully.

As I said, it's not a problem in practise yet, because we automatically 
whitelist hits in "security lists" (open relay, proxy, socks) unless we 
have reason to believe that the IP in question is actively spewing spam 
_now_.

However, as the UPL gets older (it's only a few months old), and more 
and more entries become out-of-date because of the delisting 
requirements, we may have to rethink all of our interactions with it.

> Hummmm.... <<pulls out slide rule>>... So only about 1/90th of your
> whitelist requests arise due to your use of the UPL, but the UPL is
> stopping half, or more than half of your incoming spam.

As I mentioned, I expect this to degrade over time.  BOPM by itself is 
almost as effective as Monkeys, and it doesn't have this problem - it 
can't degrade into a list of "stupid providers" instead of "open 
proxies/socks".

As for BOPM - only two "false positive" reports over a period several 
months longer than we've been using Monkeys.

They were really open at the time and spewing spam. We got the sites 
fixed and delisted.

In other words, we've not seen a FP due to BOPM's entries being stale 
yet.  At least half of those with the UPL were stale and no longer valid.

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Matt Sergeant wrote:
> On Wed, 19 Mar 2003, Chris Lewis wrote:
>>TOTAL           1885655 100.00
>>TOTAL BLOCK      316567  16.79 (total blocked)

> How come you're such a large entity yet this figure is so much lower than 
> everyone else is seeing? Is it because the companies (like ours) that work 
> in spam filtering are sought out by those with a spam problem, whereas 
> your user base covers everyone?

The figure is much lower than some other people see simply because of an 
historical accident - we changed our domain name (from the domains in 
our spamtrap to nortelnetworks.com) a few years ago.  We didn't change 
it because of spam volumes directly, but, the timing turned out to be 
extremely fortuitous.

[My involvement with the old domain decommissioning was to get the 
messaging group to stop routing the old domains, rather than simply not 
using them in From: stamping anymore.]

If you had looked in at our nortelnetworks.com spam volumes then, you'd 
have seen < 1% spam.  Meanwhile, on the other domains that are now in 
the spamtrap, it was often hitting or exceeding 50%.

If you want to see the "real" picture as to what we would have looked 
like now without the domain name change, you need to combine our 
spamtrap and production figures. In other words, if we hadn't changed 
our domain name, this is roughly what you would have seen per day:

300,000 ham
40,000 + 950,000 spams.

Ie: around 77% spam.

But it's just a matter of time before our production domains get back up 
to that figure on its own.

>>2) Lesser used blacklists have higher FP rates, because fewer legit 
>>senders hit them. OBrelays is only used by two sites: us, and its 
>>maintainer.  Despite being _large_ (OB is > 30 million mail addresses), 
>>it's still small compared to the coverage of the other lists, hence the 
>>relatively higher FP percentage.

> Why don't they make it publicly available then?

I can't speak for them.  Sorry.

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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> OK so we thought we should get a pejorative name for the twits who BUY the
> CDROM of 10 million email addresses, many 8 years old or more.
> 
> This is what we did a while back with hackers, inventing a demeaning term
> for them to strip them of the mistique.
> 
> After some thought we came up with 'something like suckers' but no further.
> So I'll make an executive decision here and the name is LIST KIDDIES.
> 
> This name is self explanatory, a lot of the spam problem is caused by
> clueless dweebs who will never make a dollar sending spam to a 10 year old
> list. The 'kiddie' part is a little on the opaque side but will be readily
> understood by the community and the trade press.
> 
> 		Phill
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

Hm , for a moment I thought you were referring to people on this list
when I read 'list kiddies'.

The term does give room for widely different interpretations. Maybe we
should look for something which brings up visions of clouds of nasty
insects hovering around a lamppost, or fleas in a scruffy dog's pelt, or...

Frank


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 08:23:27 -0800

At 01:47 AM 3/20/2003 -0500, you wrote:
>Well, I'm sure the list is tired of this, so I'll take it off line.
>
>>>do you think will be coerced to change? The 5% that adopted your system 
>>>initially, or the 95% that didn't?
>>
>>Depends on whether the 95% continue be deluged with spam and the 5% claim 
>>they no longer do.
>
>But you haven't explained, despite multiple requests, how sender-pays 
>protects the 5%.

Spammers are not likely to respond to a challenge response, especially one 
that requires them to undertake a computational effort (even assuming they 
could automate their response).

>You've explained how whitelisting and challenge-response (requiring the 
>sender to do something and send again) can help the 5%.  (And you haven't 
>even addressed the obvious problems with those.)
>
>>The sender-pays system, when implemented via PoW, is asymmetric to the 
>>extent that only the recipient, if that, needs to install special 
>>SW.  The postage generation by the sender can be initiated via an applet 
>>DL from a linked web site communicated by the recipient in what you are 
>>calling the challenge/response.
>
>"apple DL from a linked web site" == "install special SW"

Although this is technically correct, most people don't equate DL'ing an 
applet (which may involve nothing more than granting download access) with 
the installation of special SW.  A good example of this is Hushmail.


>>>>I don't think postage requires a universal acceptance off the bat. If 
>>>>it works for me, that's all I care.  Progress occurs when a small, but
>>>
>>>Please explain how it works for you when nobody else is using it.
>>
>>You've jumped from a small number to zero, just as you're jumping to no 
>>solution without universality.
>
>Fine.  5% of your correspondents.  50% of your correspondents.  How are 
>stamps helping you any more than whitelisting?

White listing helps with entities you already know, or if you trust 3rd 
party white list sources then sources that others trust.  Stamps raise a 
barrier to unknown correspondents, spammers or otherwise, to getting your 
attention.


>>>Yes. That is true.  Please explain what the advantages are when only a 
>>>small group is using it.
>>
>>That group is, hopefully protected from a majority of spam.
>
>You've yet to explain how.  Remember.  We're talking about sender 
>pays.  I've never argued that you can't get people to deploy whitelisting.
>
>>>Absolutely.  So long as they have a critical mass, they are useful. How 
>>>are you going to get a critical mass?
>>
>>Critical mass, from my view, is when most of my would-be-correspondents 
>>use it.  I care not otherwise.
>
>Then why on earth did you join this mailing list?  The mailing list is 
>concerned with solving the problem for the majority of email users.  Not 
>just your friends.

But that's how most of the Net's useful solutions came about.  A group got 
together and solved their problems.  Then they released the solution for 
others to use.  If the solution was good then others took it up and created 
something for a much wider audience.  A lot of good ideas are being 
discussed on this list, but only those ideas that don't require changing 
the basic infrastructures or ISP economics are likely to get a real try. 
(Consider how politics and economics have thwarted widespread deployment of 
IPv6).

Most of the current spam solutions create an 'arms race' with the 
spammers.  PoW is certainly no different, but real value stamps are.  All 
I'm saying is that until real sender-pays system(s) get built and tested we 
won't know if they can reasonably be extended to this wider audience.  But 
the place to start is with smaller dedicated group(s) testing and deploying 
what they can and reporting back what they have discovered.

Insisting that any solution recommendations have almost no end-user 
experience impact is, IMHO, naive.  The end-user points are the only ones 
which don't require

>>>So, you agree that in the early stages your system is a combination of 
>>>whitelisting and challenge/response.
>>
>>I never said otherwise.  Have you read the papers at http:www.camram.org?
>
>Yes.  Did I ever say I hadn't?
>
>>>Now take a user looking for an anti-spam system.  He can install two 
>>>systems.
>>>1. A whitelisting and challenge/response system.
>>
>>That's camram with a web applet for generating postage.
>
>To the person trying to talk to you--it's a request to do something before 
>they can talk to you.  You can see my previous postings on issues with 
>web-based challenge response, not the least of which is that many large 
>companies restrict outbound web connections for security reasons.  (I 
>know, you don't care, you don't talk to them.)
>
>>>2. A whitelisting and challenge/response system that makes his 
>>>correspondents install special software and makes it more difficult and 
>>>expensive for him to send email.
>>
>>I guess this system, who's ever it is may be at a disadvantage.
>
>You say that as though you weren't talking about camram.  The *goal* of 
>sender-pays is to make it more difficult or expensive to send email.  And 
>we both agree that it requires software to do it.

Yes.


>>>Why will he install #2?
>>
>>Depends on perceived effectiveness and other, perhaps intangible factors.
>
>Altruism perhaps?

SETI@Home is one such example.


>>>Okay, now I think we may be approaching understanding.  All you need to 
>>>realize is that the number of people who will decide "its not for them" 
>>>is greater than the number who won't.  Therefore, you'll never approach 
>>>universal acceptance.  Therefore it's a dead-end.
>>
>>The requirement of universal acceptance is probably a dead end.
>
>I agree 100%.  That's why I believe that systems that don't work without 
>close-to-universal acceptance are dead ends.  Everytime I bring this up, 
>however, you back-off and claim that you don't care if you can't get email 
>from people you don't know.

I didn't say that (or didn't mean that if I did).  What I mean is that I 
don't care if I don't get email from unknown correspondents that won't 
agree to do even a small amount of additional work (e.g., running a Java 
applet from a site I direct them to in my challenge to generate a stamp) to 
make first contact.

>That's very nice for a personal system for a limited set of people.  But 
>it's not a general anti-spam solution.

I agree that unless/until such solutions become well established and widely 
understood, if not universal, it won't help those whose use of email 
requires little or no first contact friction.




>>>And at this point I give up on my end of this discussion.  If you aren't 
>>>persuaded now, I suggest you go start a software company selling end 
>>>user software (find a good area to tackle--something where Microsoft is 
>>>giving away their product for free, for instance--and sell something 
>>>that doesn't interoperate with other software in the area) and we can 
>>>pick up this discussion in ten years or so when you've had some 
>>>experience trying to sell software to end-users who already have a 
>>>solution that sucks, but basically works.
>>
>>All the work I'm referring to is open source, like Freenet, and 
>>Linux.  I'm not trying to sell SW to anyone.  I'm looking for a viable 
>>solution for me.
>
>You know.  I thought you'd say that, and I almost dealt with it in my 
>response, but I didn't think you'd be that silly.
>
>My point, which you seem to deliberately evade, is that you apparently 
>have absolutely no concept of how the market works, how end users make 
>decisions, and how companies choose to adopt software. Those factors 
>impact the adoption of software--whether you are selling it or giving it away.
>
>But, as you admit.  You don't care.  You're developing a toy for you and 
>your friends to play with, and you have no plans to address the needs of 
>general users at all.   You don't give a damn about the impact your system 
>would have on customer support.  You don't care whether any company will 
>want to adopt it.  You don't care if unsophisticated users won't be able 
>to learn to use it.  When pushed on any issues that apply to general 
>use--you back off and claim that all you care about is whether it works 
>for yourself.

What I'm saying is that until spender-pays systems are deployed and tested 
no one will know whether and how well they work.  Whether its Camram or 
M$'s PennyBlack they need fielding before any of us can vote with our feet, 
wallets and keyboards.


>>And all without reading the detailed material.  Amazing!
>
>Only if it were true.  I have read the site.  It also has no clear 
>explanation for why anyone would want to install this system over one that 
>doesn't require spending time or money.

I think it does.  It explains that spending time or money creates a 
practical 'economic' basis for email where little or none now exists.  It 
is this lack of market forces which we believes is one missing aspect to 
the spam solution.

steve

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Taxonomy of anti-spam systems version 3
To: "Paul Judge"  <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 16:22:14 +0000

> Here is a third draft of the taxonomy of anti-spam systems. 
> 
> 
> and response, I believe that it should be prevention, detection, and
> response. Prevention systems are subcategorized into deterrence systems
> and
> protection systems. 

Good so far I think. I still believe a more general message classification
taxonomy (including spam) would be useful. Of course that's not what you're
trying to do here so I'll shut up (for now).

> 3)	Spam Responses - These are the different approaches that can be
> taken upon receipt. 
> 

maybe add (l) Bounce Back
as performed by (I'm sure otherwise excellent) "Mailwasher", "Spam CSI"
etc.

I don't think this is covered by "Malicious response".







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To: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>, frank@unternet.org
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Thoughts so far
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 08:42:43 -0800

At 04:04 PM 3/19/2003 +0000, Tony Finch wrote:
>Frank de Lange <frank@unternet.org> wrote:
> >
> >All this talk about 'handling rates' and charges and stamps and such...
> >how will we make sure that this does not become just another profit
> >center?
>
>I like the Microsoft Penny Black idea of refundable stamps, which is
>unfortunately not described on their web page. The idea being that
>legitimate email is effectively free, but unwanted email costs money.
>
>Having spend some time working on algorithms for proof-of-work systems
>that take a comparable amount of time on all sorts of computers, they
>also make the point that schemes like this are doomed by Moore's Law.
>Hence work on a mechanism that can provide a proper financial incentive
>to use email responsibly or at least professionally.
>
>http://research.microsoft.com/research/sv/PennyBlack/

Funny how they focus on the ticket service, the only variant that requires 
a central server run by, err, guess who?

steve

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Subject: [Asrg] Stamping
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Date: 20 Mar 2003 10:35:18 -0600

On Thu, 20 Mar 2003 10:17:37 -0500, halloran parry <hparry@andrew.cmu.edu> writes:

> On 3/18/03, Matthew Richards posted an interesting idea of developing
> a new email protocol that used a website based login system for every
> message sent ([Asrg]try this on for size).  The thread was never
> picked up, and I had criticisms due to its potentially cumbersome
> nature as far as sending legitimate mass emails was concerned.

> However, if you're looking to make spamming extremely tedious, time
> consuming, and difficult for the sender, I think it's worth revisiting
> that thread.

That consumes the only resource that is gaining in cost each year.

I don't like that, but how about some notion of stamping? Each message
recieved must include a valid stamp. Stamps are only usable once.

Stamps are 96 bits, and thus may be represented as 17 ASCII base64
characters each. The two types are:

   1. Stamps that encode a partial hash collision, of a sufficient
   number of bits so that the MD5 hash of the stamp agrees with a
   sufficient number of bits in the MD5 hash of the recipients email
   address. The input to MD5 is 64 bits and forms 2/3 of the
   stamp. The remaining 32 bits is a random nonce supplied by the
   recipient.

   2. Stamps may be random nonces created by the recipient. This
   document does not discuss additional means to disburse stamps (such
   as CAPTCHA's).


In both cases, the recipient is responsible for tracking the use of a
stamp to prevent double-spending.


All messages SHOULD include a stamp in order to be recieved.

   1. Each sent message MUST include at least two fresh stamps for
   each To, Cc, or Bcc recipient. The stamps must be valid for the
   Reply-To address.

   2. Stamps may also be generated through partial hash collision
   requiring 10 Ghz*min of work.

There is a stamp-control protocol supporting the following messages:

   1. QueryValidStamp: Given a set of stamps, report which stamps are
   and are not valid for a recipient.

   2. RequestStamp: A request of a sender for a roll of stamps. This
   request must be forwarded to the user-agent who will decide whether
   to allow or deny the user's request.

   3. StampMissingBounce: A message was sent but not delivered because
   no valid stamp attached. In this case, the user-agent is required
   to create a hash-partial-collision stamp, then resend the
   message. This bounce also includes a random nonce that must be used
   for partial hash collisions.

   4. RescindStamps: A request by the user agent to rescind a prior
   set of granted stamps granted by RequestStamp.

**

I don't think it would seem to signifigantly hurt many current email
parties:

   1. Resources per stamp are small; the amount of stamp text required
   in an email would be little more than the amount currently required
   for email addresses.

   2. When sending an email, if the sender has a valid stamp for each
   recipient, they use it and send the email. If not, they attempt to
   send the message with no stamp. If they recieve a
   StampMissingBounce for a messsage without a stamp, create a partial
   hash collision stamp. If they recieve a StampMissingBounce for an
   address with a stamp, then their understanding of valid and invalid
   stamps is in error. They send a QueryValidStamp request to that
   recipient to see which other stamps they hold for the recipient are
   also invalid. They then repeat this step.

   3. Robotic replies would not be harmed. Each email sent MUST
   include two valid stamps suitable for automatic replies.

   4. Mailing lists would also not be harmed, because the mailing list
   manager could request stamps from the user in blocks of 1000, then
   use them on the outgoing messages. When they run low, they send a
   RequestStamp request to the user to give more stamps.
   
   5. First-time senders would be impacted with a 3-30 minute CPU
   bill, but not too badly.

   6. I use nonces in the construction of stamps that may be timed out
   by recipients.
   

---Flaws---  

I've not discussed the seperation of interests between ISP's and
end-users, nor what protocol would be used to represent this
seperation.

I've not discussed when parties such as mailing lists strip stamps off
of messages. As stamps are not tied per-sender, they are
transferrable, so, for instance, stamps should not be put online.

One can still be spammed by RequestStamp messages, and ignorant users
may allow them. Fortunatly this can be half-solved; one attaches a
'report spam' button to an email client, which then sends a
RescindStamps to rescind all of the stamps in the given group. 

Webmail and similar email-to-X gateways may be socked with the CPU bill.


-------

So, go ahead and shred it.

Scott
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] List Kiddies 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 20 Mar 2003 00:18:34 PST."
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 06:42:22 -0500

"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:
> OK so we thought we should get a pejorative name for the twits who BUY the
> CDROM of 10 million email addresses, many 8 years old or more.

  My thought was "garbage provider".  e.g. We have network providers,
access providers, so why not garbage provider?

  They have a very good business model.  They take other people's
garbage, and dump it on your front lawn.  It's a phenomonally
successful business model for them, and a stinky problem for everyone
else.

> After some thought we came up with 'something like suckers' but no further.
> So I'll make an executive decision here and the name is LIST KIDDIES.

  IMHO, that's too close to 'script kiddies', and thus shares mindset
with it.  A name which doesn't have overlap with an existing term
would get more unique mindshare.

  Alan DeKok.
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To: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Tragedy of the Commons 
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 11:51:03 -0500

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On Thu, 20 Mar 2003 05:31:59 CST, Scott A Crosby said:

> Thus, I've still thought that the mantra of 'stealing my bandwidth' is
> an argument I cannot understand, because of how weak it is. I have no
> idea who made it, or why they focussed on the absolute cheapest

There's two corner cases that you need to consider here:

1) Your note arrived at my laptop over a last-hop link over a 44K modem link
(poor copper out to my place).  If your note had been a 200K spam-gram,
it would have delayed the arrival of something legitimate that I was *waiting*
for by some number of seconds.  Also note that bandwidth used by inbound
mail is bandwidth I can't use to check www.weather.com (which is a bit
important, due to heavy rain this part of Virginia has a flash flood watch
in place).

If I have to upgrade mu last-hop link to ADLS or cablemodem, that will be
a hit of some $50/month.  It's one thing to decide spending $50/mo because
you'd like to websurf faster.  It's another thing to find out that you no
longer have that $50/mo to spend on other things because you can't cope with
spam anymore.

2) Dark fiber is cheap.  Bandwidth is cheap.  However, we recently kicked
our campus backbone to gig-E and our main off-campus pipe to OC12.  If we
need to upgrade the off-campus to 2xOC12 or OC48, that is going to *COST*
a pretty chunk of change, as we'd need to upgrade routers, and NetworkVirginia
would have to upgrade routers, etc etc....

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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: "'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] List Kiddies 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> 
   of "Thu, 20 Mar 2003 00:18:34 PST." <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A311004F@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> 
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 09:12:36 -0800


Hallam-Baker, Phillip said:

> OK so we thought we should get a pejorative name for the twits who BUY the
> CDROM of 10 million email addresses, many 8 years old or more.

What about "chickenboners"?  It's been in use for that crowd,
for 5 years or so, and is pretty perjorative ;)

--j.
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To: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: Tragedy of the Commons
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 10:50:06 -0500

At 5:31 AM -0600 3/20/03, Scott A Crosby wrote:
>Thus, I've still thought that the mantra of 'stealing my bandwidth' is
>an argument I cannot understand, because of how weak it is. I have no

The problem isn't an end-user problem.  It's a mail-server problem. 
Matt just posted a stat showing that spam accounted for 5% of all 
email traffic.  (And it's mail traffic I'm concerned about--since 
it's the bandwidth to my mail server that's a problem.)  I'll give 
good odds that that was percentage of *delivered* mail.  (Matt?) 
What it doesn't count are the millions and millions of messages that 
couldn't be delivered, had to be rejected, and then had the 
destination machine "temporarily" unavailable, and sat in the queue 
retrying for three days before they were discarded.  That can consume 
a serious amount of bandwidth and disk space.

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: "'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] List Kiddies 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> 
   of "Thu, 20 Mar 2003 00:18:34 PST." <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A311004F@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 09:12:36 -0800


Hallam-Baker, Phillip said:

> OK so we thought we should get a pejorative name for the twits who BUY the
> CDROM of 10 million email addresses, many 8 years old or more.

What about "chickenboners"?  It's been in use for that crowd,
for 5 years or so, and is pretty perjorative ;)

--j.
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I've not seen any of the "Sender pays" (camram, money or otherwise) or 
"Whitelist"  people address this issue...

Assumptions:

1. The vast majority of spam is sent with invalid return addresses (be 
they forged or since-closed freemail accounts).
2. A large proportion (approaching or in excess of 50%) of all email is 
spam.

Conclusions:

1. First time contact "bounces", whether to ask for payment, or to ask 
for a computation, or to ask for "proof of human", get sent to an 
invalid address.
2. Someone (most likely your ISP or email provider) has to deal with 
the resulting bounce from the receiving domain.
3. A sender pays system doubles the number of junk emails traveling 
through the internet.
4. This can only be solved by somehow solving the problem of falsified 
return addresses.
5. Solve (4) and you're half way there (perhaps all the way there?) to 
solving the spam problem, and you don't need sender pays.

Anyone in the sender pays camp want to address these points?

Matt.

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Subject: [Asrg] Wsanted: pointers to scientific research into the spam problem
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Hiya!

(live from the ASRG meeting in SF)

I just volunteered for the task of finding pointers to all the research 
which has been done into the spam phenomenon during the last 11 years. 
As many eyes make all problems shallow, I'd like to ask you to send me 
pointers to research projects you know of.

Please send them to my personal email address:

  frank@unternet,org

...to keep down the noise on the list. I will compile a list of 
everything you send and everything I find, and post it back to the list 
in a day or so.

TIA//Frank

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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 10:00:36 -0800

On Wed, Mar 19, 2003 at 09:33:29AM -0800, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> 
> Spam doesn't sell significant numbers of penis enlargement devices.

After hearing Steve Atkins' talk I have to admit that my
assumption was wrong...

Hadmut


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From: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>
To: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 18:18:59 +0000

On Thu, Mar 20, 2003 at 08:42:43AM -0800, Steve Schear wrote:
> At 04:04 PM 3/19/2003 +0000, Tony Finch wrote:
> >
> >I like the Microsoft Penny Black idea of refundable stamps, which is
> >unfortunately not described on their web page. The idea being that
> >legitimate email is effectively free, but unwanted email costs money.
> 
> Funny how they focus on the ticket service, the only variant that requires 
> a central server run by, err, guess who?

Yes :-) Though I think it could be changed into a distributed system not
unlike the DNS, in which case it would have equivalent privacy implications.
Though of course then you have to decide which ticket servers you trust...

Tony.
-- 
f.a.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
SHETLAND ISLES: WEST 4 OR 5 BACKING SOUTHWEST 3 OR 4, INCREASING 5 OR 6 ON
FRIDAY. PATCHY RAIN. MODERATE OR GOOD. MODERATE OR ROUGH.
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On Thursday, Mar 20, 2003, at 15:50 Europe/London, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> At 5:31 AM -0600 3/20/03, Scott A Crosby wrote:
>> Thus, I've still thought that the mantra of 'stealing my bandwidth' is
>> an argument I cannot understand, because of how weak it is. I have no
>
> The problem isn't an end-user problem.  It's a mail-server problem. 
> Matt just posted a stat showing that spam accounted for 5% of all 
> email traffic.  (And it's mail traffic I'm concerned about--since it's 
> the bandwidth to my mail server that's a problem.)  I'll give good 
> odds that that was percentage of *delivered* mail.  (Matt?)

No, that's the percentage of mail we do. We have no idea at that point 
if it can be delivered or not (we don't keep individual username 
details on our servers).

Spam is 50% of all email. But the average email size is 60k (this gets 
bloated to the high end by word documents and other large things that 
get emailed around, but it's still an accurate average). The average 
spam size is 6k at the moment.

So at 1/10th of the size of regular email, spam accounts for 5% 
bandwidth wise.

However, on the flip side, we still have to apply aggressive filters to 
every email we see. Our virus filters are extremely aggressive (but we 
don't have any false positive problems there - about 2 FPs every 10 
million mails), and so it takes us about 1 second to process a mail, 
*regardless* of the size.

So while spam is only 5% of the bandwidth, it's 50% of the processor 
time. That's 100% more servers we have to buy just because of spam.

Hope that helps ;-)

Matt.

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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 10:45:12 -0800

OK Bob and others have made some statements about PKI and how it won't work
because the spam senders are organized.

Well so ar the gangs that do credit card fraud, offline gangs will go as far
as renting premises, setting up storefronts and doing legit business for
many months before they take in a huge amount of business, get the account
factored and run. There are instances of that online but not as many as
offline.

The fact is that providing a registered address is very hard for a spam
sender to do. The big ones simply do not want to give an offline identity,
it is hard to do that in a way that cannot be traced back, particularly if
you intend to do so repeatedly. The cost of a certificate is not going to be
a major barrier for spamhaus, but the authentication process is.

The other point is that authentication is only one half of access control.
The other half is authorization. You are not obligated to accept a message
just because it is signed or otherwise authenticated.

However a simple algorithm for choosing the parties I would whitelist would
be to take the F500 companies, the Internet 500 companies, the edu domains,
the major ISPs who implement rate filtering, etc.

All the rest of the mail would go through very tight filtering and I would
accept a very high level of false positives on the residual. 


If someone really wants to contact me they can go to a hosted mail provider
that implements rate limiting and send a contact ping.

		Phill
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] Spam vs. fax laws
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 09:06:18 -0500

  The presentation on the legal aspects of spam asked why junk fax
laws worked, and why anti-spam ones haven't worked so far.

  The simplest answer is that junk faxers won't pay long distance
charges to send faxes, so going off-shore where the laws don't apply
isn't an option.

  In contrast, there are no long distance charges on the internet.
Going offshore to avoid local laws and to acheive plausible
deniability is a viable option.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org, Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 19:20:51 +0000

I think the primary cost is the recipients cost in classifying a
ddeleting mail, and ISPs costs in handling complaints.

Bandwidth is a smaller aspect of the problem, so I think that would be
a good tradeoff - bandwidth for less received spam.

The problems with sender pays are with deployment; could work well if
95% deployed but how to get there.

My favorite at this point is hashcash as a way to avoid false
positives, which gives incentives to users to use as it helps email
reliability short-term, rather than hindering reliability which most
other solutins impose, plus the status quo with filtering is already
leading to reliability problems.

Adam

On Thu, Mar 20, 2003 at 05:11:00PM +0000, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> I've not seen any of the "Sender pays" (camram, money or otherwise) or 
> "Whitelist"  people address this issue...
> 
> Assumptions:
> 
> 1. The vast majority of spam is sent with invalid return addresses (be 
> they forged or since-closed freemail accounts).
> 2. A large proportion (approaching or in excess of 50%) of all email is 
> spam.
> 
> Conclusions:
> 
> 1. First time contact "bounces", whether to ask for payment, or to ask 
> for a computation, or to ask for "proof of human", get sent to an 
> invalid address.
> 2. Someone (most likely your ISP or email provider) has to deal with 
> the resulting bounce from the receiving domain.
> 3. A sender pays system doubles the number of junk emails traveling 
> through the internet.
> 4. This can only be solved by somehow solving the problem of falsified 
> return addresses.
> 5. Solve (4) and you're half way there (perhaps all the way there?) to 
> solving the spam problem, and you don't need sender pays.
> 
> Anyone in the sender pays camp want to address these points?
> 
> Matt.
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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X-Sybari-Space: 00000000 00000000 00000000
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Subject: [Asrg] Blacklist metrics FYI
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 14:31:37 -0500
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Got a number of signs of interest in my metrics, so, I thought I'd spend 
a little more time on them.  Added a few of the more famous BLs we don't 
use, and "fixed" our whitelist metrics so they're useful in determining 
relative effectiveness in getting entries removed (which includes _our_ 
effectiveness in being able to request a retest).

We're not using the "not used" blacklists, and they're not included in 
the "TOTAL BLOCKED".  They're included for "relative performance" only. 
I'll only annotate those that have changed.

Blacklist effectiveness spamtrap only:
BOPM                      3907738  51.57
DYNABLOCK (not used)        77373   1.02 [1]
Flonetwork                    283   0.00
IP, NOT BL                  94011   1.24
MONKEYPROXY               4943111  65.24
NTblack                    880901  11.63
NTmanual                   362157   4.78
OBproxies                 1556609  20.54
OBrelays                   442915   5.85
OK                             65   0.00 [2]
OK MONKEYPROXY                  0   0.00 [3]
OK NTblack                      0   0.00 ...
OK NTmanual                     6   0.00
OK OBproxies                    0   0.00
OK OBrelays                     0   0.00
OK OSinputs                     0   0.00
OK OSsocks                      0   0.00
OK SBL                          0   0.00
OSinputs                   830086  10.95
OSproxy                    109974   1.45
OSsocks                   1923861  25.39
PERMBLOCK (not used)      5477053  72.28 [4]
SBL                        578476   7.63
SPEWS (not used)          1521310  20.08 [5]
TOTAL                     7577266 100.00
TOTAL BLOCK               6365664  84.01

[1] Wirehub DHCP pool (we were using this until recently, but due to 
technical problems with the zone builder, we've had to back off)
[2] Emails corresponding to current whitelist entries.
[3] Emails actually _needing_ a whitelist, and which one
[4] Wirehub PERMBLOCK is a consolidation of several other blacklists,
including SPEWS and SBL.  Not using it because of SPEWS.
[5] SPEWS level one.  SPEWS' relative aggressiveness is because they've 
escalated to whole class Bs (eg: Brazil proxy problems etc).  Their 
escalation/listing criteria are a little too unpredictable for our 
taste.  Worthy of note that SPEWS is vastly more famous than, say, BOPM, 
despite being only 1/4 as "effective".

Blacklist effectiveness excluding spamtrap:
BOPM                        99250   5.25
CONTENT                     54312   2.87
DYNABLOCK (not used)         6088   0.32
Flonetwork                   6054   0.32
IP, NOT BL                  29551   1.56
MONKEYPROXY                139631   7.39
NTblack                     38278   2.03
NTmanual                    26689   1.41
OBproxies                   47601   2.52
OBrelays                    16545   0.88
OK                           6139   0.32
OK MONKEYPROXY                 53   0.00
OK NTblack                     93   0.00
OK NTmanual                   443   0.02
OK OBproxies                 2221   0.12
OK OBrelays                    67   0.00
OK OSinputs                   296   0.02
OK OSsocks                     15   0.00
OK SBL                         37   0.00
OSinputs                    32263   1.71
OSproxy                      2032   0.11
OSsocks                     54823   2.90
PERMBLOCK (not used)       245617  12.99
SBL                         54785   2.90
SPEWS (not used)            80014   4.23
TOTAL                     1890155 100.00
TOTAL BLOCK                314863  16.66

The extremely high number on "OK OBproxies" is because of a single 
mailing list server whose "now closed" determination hasn't made it 
through the processing cycle yet.  Also, there has been some trouble 
with retest request submission with OB*.  Contrast that with BOPM - 
removal is sufficiently quick and reliable that NONE of its whitelist 
entries are required anymore.  The open relay blacklists have longer 
"retention" periods and higher FP rates as expected.

The OK versus sumof(OK *) entries indicates that we're tending to get 
60% or so of blacklist entries cleared (as per volume of email). Once 
the atypical OBproxies entry out of the way, it'd be closer to 95%.

The high numbers on NTmanual are due to the fact we block some whole 
ranges with NTmanual (NTmanual is a local blacklist), but punch holes 
for individual "good" sites.  And secondly, because we can't actually 
_do_ a removal on NTmanual yet.

Have to figure out what's happening with NTblack.

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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 19:49:40 +0000 (GMT)

On Thu, 20 Mar 2003, Adam Back wrote:

> I think the primary cost is the recipients cost in classifying a
> ddeleting mail, and ISPs costs in handling complaints.
> 
> Bandwidth is a smaller aspect of the problem, so I think that would be
> a good tradeoff - bandwidth for less received spam.

See my previous email on why bandwidth isn't the only issue in doubling 
the number of emails travelling around.

Matt.

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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 11:42:24 -0800

This message is in MIME format. Since your mail reader does not understand
this format, some or all of this message may not be legible.

------_=_NextPart_001_01C2EF18.D4B8CE50
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"

Authentication Approaches

Phillip Hallam-Baker

VeriSign Inc.

Why?

	Authentication + Authorization = 
Access Control

	Authentication

	IP Address

	Cryptographic

	Authorization

	Email Address Whitelists [alice@example.com]

	Domain Whitelists [example.com]

	Payment [$0.01 stamp]

How Strong is Enough?

	LIST Kiddies

	Like a script kiddie but they pay for the mailing list

	Actually a spam victim, they get worthless service in return

	SPAM Houses

	Will adapt to heuristic authentication approaches

	But it will cost them

PKI

	Infrastructure exists to

	Ensure that a party owns the purported domain name

	Ensure that legal process can be served on the certificate holder

	With a high (but not absolute) degree of confidence

	SECURITY IS RISK CONTROL
NOT RISK ELIMINATION

Deployment Argument

	Authentication Compliments Filtering

	Network effect, aka Chicken and Egg problem

	Avoid false positives

	Without creating backdoors

	'Allow all mail from hotmail.com, they use rate limiting'

	Allows more aggressive criteria

	Cryptographic Authentication is robust

	Asymmetric work factor

	No viable counter-strategies

Problem - Email Insecure by Default

	Downgrade attack

	I can tell a signed message comes from the sender

	I cannot assume an unsigned message is false

	Key is to know the security policy of the domain

DNS Based Security Policy

	Reverse IP look up

	Some Current Use

	Only demonstrates that the IP address has been assigned

	IPv4 address exhaustion will make this uninteresting

	Configuration problem - servers handling 1000's of domains

	Many ISPs do not delegate reverse DNS as they should

	Get a new ISP is an idiotic deployment strategy

Forward DNS

	Address based authentication

	RCPT From [Vixie]

	Reverse MX

	Pro: Lightweight, almost costless

	Pro: Obsoletes most existing spamware

	Con: Could be vulnerable to new spamware

	Con: Some operational issues

	Con: Only works if mail from domain is relayed

Generalized Security Policy

	Security Policy Advertisement Mechanism

	Advertise any form of security policy

	ALWAYS comes from address X, Y or Z

	OPTIONAL uses STARTTLS, cert root has SHA1 P

	OPTIONAL uses S/MIME, cert root has SHA1 Q

	OPTIONAL uses PGP, validate against XKMS R

	NEVER uses NULL Authentication

	Can be generalized to other protocols

	IPSEC, SSH, NNTP, POP, IMAP...

This is Just a Bug

	We Are going to

	FIX IT


------_=_NextPart_001_01C2EF18.D4B8CE50
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<TITLE></TITLE>

<META content="MSHTML 6.00.2800.1106" name=GENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY><FONT face=Arial size=6>
<P align=center>Authentication Approaches</P></FONT><B><FONT size=5>
<P align=center><FONT face=Arial>Phillip Hallam-Baker</FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face=Arial>VeriSign Inc.</FONT></P></B></FONT><FONT 
size=6>
<P align=center><FONT face=Arial>Why?</FONT></P>
<DIR></FONT><B>
<P align=center><FONT face=Arial>Authentication + Authorization = <BR>Access 
Control</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Authentication</FONT></P>
<DIR><FONT size=2>
<P><FONT face=Arial>IP Address</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Cryptographic</FONT></P></DIR></FONT>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Authorization</FONT></P>
<DIR><FONT size=2>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Email Address Whitelists [alice@example.com]</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Domain Whitelists [example.com]</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Payment [$0.01 stamp]</FONT></P></DIR></DIR></B></FONT><FONT 
size=6>
<P align=center><FONT face=Arial>How Strong is Enough?</FONT></P>
<DIR></FONT><B><FONT size=4>
<P><FONT face=Arial>LIST Kiddies</FONT></P>
<DIR></FONT>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Like a script kiddie but they pay for the mailing 
list</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Actually a spam victim, they get worthless service in 
return</FONT></P></DIR><FONT size=4>
<P><FONT face=Arial>SPAM Houses</FONT></P>
<DIR></FONT>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Will adapt to heuristic authentication approaches</FONT></P>
<DIR><FONT size=2>
<P><FONT face=Arial>But it will cost 
them</FONT></P></DIR></DIR></DIR></B></FONT><FONT size=6>
<P align=center><FONT face=Arial>PKI</FONT></P>
<DIR></FONT><B><FONT size=5>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Infrastructure exists to</FONT></P>
<DIR></FONT><FONT size=4>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Ensure that a party owns the purported domain 
name</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Ensure that legal process can be served on the certificate 
holder</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>With a high (but not absolute) degree of 
confidence</FONT></P></DIR></FONT><FONT size=5>
<P align=center><FONT face=Arial>SECURITY IS RISK CONTROL<BR>NOT RISK 
ELIMINATION</FONT></P></DIR></B></FONT><FONT size=6>
<P align=center><FONT face=Arial>Deployment Argument</FONT></P>
<DIR></FONT><B>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Authentication Compliments Filtering</FONT></P>
<DIR><FONT face=Arial size=2>
<P>Network effect, aka Chicken and Egg problem</P></FONT></DIR>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Avoid false positives</FONT></P>
<DIR><FONT size=2>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Without creating backdoors</FONT></P>
<DIR></FONT><FONT size=1>
<P><FONT face=Arial>'Allow all mail from hotmail.com, they use rate 
limiting'</FONT></P></DIR></DIR></FONT>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Allows more aggressive criteria</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Cryptographic Authentication is robust</FONT></P>
<DIR><FONT size=2>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Asymmetric work factor</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>No viable 
counter-strategies</FONT></P></DIR></DIR></B></FONT><FONT size=6>
<P align=center><FONT face=Arial>Problem - Email Insecure by Default</FONT></P>
<DIR></FONT><B><FONT size=4>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Downgrade attack</FONT></P>
<DIR></FONT>
<P><FONT face=Arial>I can tell a signed message comes from the sender</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>I cannot assume an unsigned message is 
false</FONT></P></DIR><FONT size=4>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Key is to know the security policy of the 
domain</FONT></P></DIR></B></FONT><FONT size=6>
<P align=center><FONT face=Arial>DNS Based Security Policy</FONT></P>
<DIR></FONT><B><FONT size=4>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Reverse IP look up</FONT></P>
<DIR></FONT>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Some Current Use</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Only demonstrates that the IP address has been 
assigned</FONT></P>
<DIR><FONT size=2>
<P><FONT face=Arial>IPv4 address exhaustion will make this 
uninteresting</FONT></P></DIR></FONT>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Configuration problem - servers handling 1000's of 
domains</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Many ISPs do not delegate reverse DNS as they 
should</FONT></P>
<DIR><FONT size=2>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Get a new ISP is an idiotic deployment 
strategy</FONT></P></DIR></DIR></DIR></B></FONT><FONT size=6>
<P align=center><FONT face=Arial>Forward DNS</FONT></P>
<DIR></FONT><B>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Address based authentication</FONT></P>
<DIR><FONT size=2>
<P><FONT face=Arial>RCPT From [Vixie]</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Reverse MX</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Pro: Lightweight, almost costless</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Pro: Obsoletes most existing spamware</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Con: Could be vulnerable to new spamware</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Con: Some operational issues</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Con: Only works if mail from domain is 
relayed</FONT></P></DIR></DIR></B></FONT><FONT size=6>
<P align=center><FONT face=Arial>Generalized Security Policy</FONT></P>
<DIR></FONT><B>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Security Policy Advertisement Mechanism</FONT></P>
<DIR><FONT size=2>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Advertise any form of security policy</FONT></P>
<DIR></FONT><FONT size=1>
<P><FONT face=Arial>ALWAYS comes from address X, Y or Z</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>OPTIONAL uses STARTTLS, cert root has SHA1 P</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>OPTIONAL uses S/MIME, cert root has SHA1 Q</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>OPTIONAL uses PGP, validate against XKMS R</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial>NEVER uses NULL Authentication</FONT></P></DIR></FONT><FONT 
size=2>
<P><FONT face=Arial>Can be generalized to other protocols</FONT></P>
<DIR></FONT><FONT size=1>
<P><FONT face=Arial>IPSEC, SSH, NNTP, POP, 
IMAP...</FONT></P></DIR></DIR></DIR></B></FONT><FONT size=6>
<P align=center><FONT face=Arial>This is Just a Bug</FONT></P>
<DIR></FONT><B><FONT size=4>
<P align=center><FONT face=Arial>We Are going to</FONT></P>
<P align=center><FONT face=Arial>FIX 
IT</FONT></P></DIR></B></FONT></BODY></HTML>

------_=_NextPart_001_01C2EF18.D4B8CE50--
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To: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>, asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 11:46:32 -0800

At 05:11 PM 3/20/2003 +0000, Matt Sergeant wrote:
>I've not seen any of the "Sender pays" (camram, money or otherwise) or 
>"Whitelist"  people address this issue...
>
>Assumptions:
>
>1. The vast majority of spam is sent with invalid return addresses (be 
>they forged or since-closed freemail accounts).
>2. A large proportion (approaching or in excess of 50%) of all email is spam.
>
>Conclusions:
>
>1. First time contact "bounces", whether to ask for payment, or to ask for 
>a computation, or to ask for "proof of human", get sent to an invalid address.
>2. Someone (most likely your ISP or email provider) has to deal with the 
>resulting bounce from the receiving domain.
>3. A sender pays system doubles the number of junk emails traveling 
>through the internet.
>4. This can only be solved by somehow solving the problem of falsified 
>return addresses.
>5. Solve (4) and you're half way there (perhaps all the way there?) to 
>solving the spam problem, and you don't need sender pays.
>
>Anyone in the sender pays camp want to address these points?

I agree with 1 & 2.  3 is technically true but the data volume of the 
'challenges' will likely be significantly smaller than the spam.  (If white 
lists are combined with sender-pays and the white lists are implemented in 
the ISP then clients need not be exposed to the spam flood nor its 
bandwidth impact.)

If you can solve 4 without impacting anonymous emails I'd like to hear 
about it. I consider anonymous communication an extremely important social 
good (e.g., whistle blowers, etc.) that should not be harmed.

steve

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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 12:01:09 -0800

Hi,

could we have copies of the slides of today's IETF
presentations available?


regards
Hadmut
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To: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Blacklist metrics FYI 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> 
   of "Thu, 20 Mar 2003 14:31:37 EST." <3E7A1719.3080602@americasm01.nt.com> 
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 12:00:12 -0800


Chris Lewis said:

> Got a number of signs of interest in my metrics, so, I thought I'd spend 
> a little more time on them.  Added a few of the more famous BLs we don't 
> use, and "fixed" our whitelist metrics so they're useful in determining 
> relative effectiveness in getting entries removed (which includes _our_ 
> effectiveness in being able to request a retest).

While we're at it, then, I'll post the SpamAssassin effectiveness
measurements from the most recent GA run (Feb 16 2003).

These are taken from a mail corpus of 63203 spam messages and 83465
non-spam messages, taken as a representative, hand-sorted sample from
about 15-20 people's mail feed over the 6 months before Feb 16 (spam from
only 3 months).  So it's not live, but it's reasonably close.

Each line consists of several figures, like so:

  total%  spam%    nonspam%  soratio rank    score name
  2.752   6.3763   0.0072    0.999   0.94    4.29  RCVD_IN_OPM

spam% and nonspam% are the most important ones in this case; it indicates
the percentages of the spam or nonspam corpora that were hit by the rule.
"soratio" is the "spam over overall" ratio -- so the probability that a
mail hit by this rule is spam.  A rule with an soratio of 1.0 is a perfect
rule for finding spam, and 0.0 is a perfect rule for nonspam.

They're sorted by the rule's "rank", which is effectively accuracy (as
per s/o ratio) and number of hits combined.  "score" is the score assigned
inside SpamAssassin 2.50.

First, the DNSBL effectiveness ratings:

  2.752   6.3763   0.0072    0.999   0.94    4.29  RCVD_IN_OPM
  3.468   8.0139   0.0264    0.997   0.94    1.10  RCVD_IN_SBL
  0.751   1.7420   0.0012    0.999   0.93    4.29  RCVD_IN_DSBL
  1.328   2.9097   0.1306    0.957   0.82    0.18  RCVD_IN_RELAYS_ORDB_ORG
 18.118  33.6297   6.3715    0.841   0.60    1.21  RCVD_IN_NJABL
 29.728  53.1889  11.9619    0.816   0.58    0.51  RCVD_IN_OSIRUSOFT_COM
  5.883   8.7290   3.7273    0.701   0.33    1.25  RCVD_IN_RFCI
 12.092  13.6607  10.9040    0.556   0.18    0.00  RCVD_IN_UNCONFIRMED_DSBL

and some others of general interest.  Here's Razor 2's effectiveness
on our corpora.  RAZOR2_CHECK is Razor's default check, while the CF_RANGE
tests are for Razor's "confidence factor" of 0 to 100.

 19.503  45.1039   0.1162    0.997   0.99    1.11  RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_91_100
 23.614  54.1794   0.4685    0.991   0.99    0.79  RAZOR2_CHECK
  0.200   0.4367   0.0216    0.953   0.81    0.58  RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_31_40
  0.147   0.3323   0.0072    0.979   0.88    0.85  RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_51_60
  0.168   0.3797   0.0084    0.978   0.88    0.33  RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_81_90
  0.822   1.8448   0.0467    0.975   0.87    0.98  RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_21_30
  1.293   2.8986   0.0779    0.974   0.87    0.59  RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_11_20
  0.278   0.6171   0.0216    0.966   0.84    0.37  RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_41_50
  0.162   0.3528   0.0168    0.955   0.81    0.00  RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_61_70
  0.595   1.2230   0.1198    0.911   0.71    0.27  RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_01_10
  0.130   0.2468   0.0419    0.855   0.58    1.86  RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_71_80

next, Pyzor and DCC on our corpora:

  4.535  10.4900   0.0264    0.997   0.94    1.25  PYZOR_CHECK
  5.736  13.2367   0.0563    0.996   0.94    2.76  DCC_CHECK

Finally, Bayesian learning results, using SpamAssassin's auto-learning
alone:

 27.135   0.0190  47.6679    0.000   1.00   -6.60  BAYES_01
 20.542  47.5832   0.0659    0.999   1.00    2.85  BAYES_90
  8.457   0.0016  14.8601    0.000   0.95   -6.40  BAYES_00
  6.427  14.8996   0.0120    0.999   0.95    2.81  BAYES_80
  7.458   0.0142  13.0953    0.001   0.95   -5.80  BAYES_10
  3.479   8.0613   0.0084    0.999   0.94    2.79  BAYES_99
  4.613  10.5660   0.1054    0.990   0.92    2.19  BAYES_70
  3.376   0.0490   5.8959    0.008   0.92   -3.10  BAYES_20
  3.417   0.2753   5.7952    0.045   0.82   -1.60  BAYES_30
  3.560   7.4395   0.6218    0.923   0.74    1.16  BAYES_60

Notes:

SBL's effectiveness is 8.01% for us; for Chris it's 7.63%.  Pretty
close.  But our effectiveness for OPM is much lower, at 6.3% instead
of 51%.

Chris notes an accuracy rate of 20% for SPEWS.  We get 53% (as
relays.osirusoft.com), but with 11% FPs.

--j.
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From: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Bounces, was Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 20:02:12 +0000

Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk> wrote:
>
>1. The vast majority of spam is sent with invalid return addresses (be 
>they forged or since-closed freemail accounts).
>2. A large proportion (approaching or in excess of 50%) of all email is 
>spam.

I expect to see a lot more junk email from <> and therefore a lot more
systems rejecting all bounces. I haven't seen much talk about maintaining
the reliablility of Internet email in the face of this kind of attack.

Tony.
-- 
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Subject: Re: Bounces, was Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries 
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On Thu, 20 Mar 2003 20:02:12 GMT, Tony Finch said:
> Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk> wrote:
> >
> >1. The vast majority of spam is sent with invalid return addresses (be 
> >they forged or since-closed freemail accounts).
> >2. A large proportion (approaching or in excess of 50%) of all email is 
> >spam.
> 
> I expect to see a lot more junk email from <> and therefore a lot more
> systems rejecting all bounces. I haven't seen much talk about maintaining
> the reliablility of Internet email in the face of this kind of attack.

It's bad enough that www.rfc-ignorant.org keeps a list of DSN-borked sites.

For some odd reason, the majority of sites that I encounter that reject
mail from <> are spamhauses that don't want to deal with bounces. Fancy that. ;)

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Date: 20 Mar 2003 14:37:29 -0600

In <E18w0gU-0005DT-00@mail.nitros9.org> "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org> writes:

>   The simplest answer is that junk faxers won't pay long distance
> charges to send faxes, so going off-shore where the laws don't apply
> isn't an option.

Add to that:

* Even when the phone call is local, faxing costs a lot more money than
  email.

  * This eliminates a lot of the very marginal sales.

  * It also means that is very important that there is a way of
    contacting the seller (a surprising percentage have no valid
    contact info).

  * It is too expensive to use junk faxes as a DoS attack.

* Faxes are more public.  You aren't going to be able to advertise
  things like porn or viagra.

* Phones have never, by default, allowed you to dial into them and
  silently dial back out to any number of your choosing the way the
  early versions of WinSocks was an open proxy.

* Fax machines have never, by default, allowed you to automatically
  relay faxes to another fax machine the way early versions of
  sendmail was an open relay.

* Faxes are point to point rather than regularly sent through (closed)
  relays.

* It is also harder to "forge" the caller-id, or prevent the phone
  company to trace the call.  Hard core junk faxers could be caught
  much easier.

* By the time email spam started up, there were vastly more email
  mailboxes than fax machines.  This gap has only increased.


-wayne

    

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Justin Mason wrote:

> SBL's effectiveness is 8.01% for us; for Chris it's 7.63%.  Pretty
> close.  But our effectiveness for OPM is much lower, at 6.3% instead
> of 51%.

Two reasons for the OPM issue.  One is that OPM's coverage has had a 
huge jump over the past month or two.  Second is "I'd have to kill you" 
(which is also related to reason #1) :-)

Too bad you didn't have MONKEYS in there too.  That'd have answered the 
question of whether the "I'd have to kill you" factor predominates or not.

> Chris notes an accuracy rate of 20% for SPEWS.  We get 53% (as
> relays.osirusoft.com), but with 11% FPs.

My numbers for SPEWS and yours for relays.osirusoft.com aren't 
comparable.  relays.osirusoft.com is a combination of several things in 
addition to SPEWS.  OSIRUS relays (inputs.relays.osirusoft.com) and 
Socks (socks.relays.osirusoft.com) are very large (OSsocks larger than 
SPEWS), and together they skew the relays.osirusoft.com values far away 
from SPEWS alone. However, I'd suggest that SPEWS was the main 
contributor to the "nonspam" value (tho, "spamsites" may have 
contributed too).  It'd have been more useful if you differentiated the 
contributing lists to OSIRUS.

Strangely enough, we did try DSBL, and weren't very happy with it.  No, 
we weren't using "unconfirmed".

Ditto NJABL.  It may be better now.

Be interesting to try SpamAssassin on our spamtrap.  Maybe one day.


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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 21:07:21 +0000 (GMT)

On Thu, 20 Mar 2003, Justin Mason wrote:

> Chris notes an accuracy rate of 20% for SPEWS.  We get 53% (as
> relays.osirusoft.com), but with 11% FPs.

It's worth noting that those 11% FPs are a little skewed by SPEWS listing 
a netblock containing the Linux Kernel Mailing List. Which is, of course, 
rather high traffic (even higher than this list!). Of course this is one 
of the major reasons not to use SPEWS, so the end result (low score in 
SA), is appropriate.

Matt.

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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 15:03:48 -0600

On Thu, Mar 20, 2003 at 03:57:20PM -0500, Chris Lewis wrote:
> 
> Strangely enough, we did try DSBL, and weren't very happy with it.  No, 
> we weren't using "unconfirmed".
> 
> Ditto NJABL.  It may be better now.

We use DSBL and NJABL to find open relays/proxies (yes, NJABL now tests
for open proxies as of recently).  Both have been very effective for us.

We also use SBL to find known spammers and find it is very effective.
-- 

Steven F. Siirila			Office: Lind Hall, Room 130B
Internet Services			E-mail: sfs@umn.edu
Office of Information Technology	Voice: (612) 626-0244
University of Minnesota
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Subject: Re: Bounces, was Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries
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I don't understand why mail servers treat bounces as regular messages.
I believe that your mail server should encapsulate a bounce message in a 
generic "here is a mail error" report.

Certainly a spammer would be less enthusiastic if the end users were going to  
receive "here is a mail error: underage cheerleaders sell you cheap viagra"

On Thursday 20 March 2003 02:02 pm, Tony Finch wrote:
> Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk> wrote:
> >1. The vast majority of spam is sent with invalid return addresses (be
> >they forged or since-closed freemail accounts).
> >2. A large proportion (approaching or in excess of 50%) of all email is
> >spam.
>
> I expect to see a lot more junk email from <> and therefore a lot more
> systems rejecting all bounces. I haven't seen much talk about maintaining
> the reliablility of Internet email in the face of this kind of attack.
>
> Tony.

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From: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
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Subject: Re: Bounces, was Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 16:15:34 -0500
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David Walker wrote:
> I don't understand why mail servers treat bounces as regular messages.
> I believe that your mail server should encapsulate a bounce message in a 
> generic "here is a mail error" report.

They do exactly that.  Problem being that the "generic here is a mail 
error" technique also happens to have a desirable feature for spammers - 
no bounce back, aka the <> envelope sender.

Bouncing email simply because it has an envelope sender of <> is truly a 
bad idea over and above the fact that the RFC states you shouldn't.  Eg: 
double bounces to postmaster.  Your users not seeing NDRs when they 
should.  Missing vacation messages etc.

However, you can finesse this somewhat.  We inline reject <> envelope 
from in the following two circumstances:

	1) The From: has no "@", or doesn't contain "mailer-daemon"
	   or "postmaster", or,
	2) There's multiple RCPT TOs (recipients).

No FPs ever on (1).  Only two FPs on (2) - broken mailing lists, which 
we assisted the listowner in fixing.  Quite happy with both rules.

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To: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
Cc: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Blacklist metrics FYI 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> 
   of "Thu, 20 Mar 2003 15:57:20 EST." <3E7A2B30.9090705@americasm01.nt.com> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 13:08:20 -0800


Chris Lewis said:
> Justin Mason wrote:
> 
> > SBL's effectiveness is 8.01% for us; for Chris it's 7.63%.  Pretty
> > close.  But our effectiveness for OPM is much lower, at 6.3% instead
> > of 51%.
> 
> Two reasons for the OPM issue.  One is that OPM's coverage has had a 
> huge jump over the past month or two.  Second is "I'd have to kill you" 
> (which is also related to reason #1) :-)
> Too bad you didn't have MONKEYS in there too.  That'd have answered the 
> question of whether the "I'd have to kill you" factor predominates or not.

Yeah -- basically, there was a time when the Monkeys BL was down, so it
didn't seem quite reliable enough for distribution in SpamAssassin by 
default.

> > Chris notes an accuracy rate of 20% for SPEWS.  We get 53% (as
> > relays.osirusoft.com), but with 11% FPs.
> 
> My numbers for SPEWS and yours for relays.osirusoft.com aren't 
> comparable.  relays.osirusoft.com is a combination of several things in 
> addition to SPEWS.  OSIRUS relays (inputs.relays.osirusoft.com) and 
> Socks (socks.relays.osirusoft.com) are very large (OSsocks larger than 
> SPEWS), and together they skew the relays.osirusoft.com values far away 
> from SPEWS alone. However, I'd suggest that SPEWS was the main 
> contributor to the "nonspam" value (tho, "spamsites" may have 
> contributed too).  It'd have been more useful if you differentiated the 
> contributing lists to OSIRUS.

oops, should have posted this to break that out:

  0.682   1.4714   0.0839    0.946   0.79    0.00  X_OSIRU_OPEN_RELAY
  4.438   8.6452   1.2520    0.873   0.63    0.00  X_OSIRU_SPAMWARE_SITE
  3.277   1.4857   4.6343    0.243   0.41    0.00  X_OSIRU_DUL_FH
  0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.12    0.00  X_OSIRU_SPAM_SRC
  1.522   1.4224   1.5983    0.471   0.10    0.00  X_OSIRU_DUL

There's those ratings.  However I think Osirusoft's "Confirmed Spam
Source" (127.0.0.4) still includes more than SPEWS anyway....

> Be interesting to try SpamAssassin on our spamtrap.  Maybe one day.

with a big machine ;)

--j.
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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam vs. fax laws
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 15:49:18 -0500

At 9:06 AM -0500 3/20/03, Alan DeKok wrote:
>   In contrast, there are no long distance charges on the internet.
>Going offshore to avoid local laws and to acheive plausible
>deniability is a viable option.

One does occasionally get overseas junk faxes.  But I agree that the 
cost barriers are high.  The one consistent junk fax that I used to 
get from overseas was, not surprisingly, the Nigerian scam.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Testing content filters
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 15:07:34 -0700 (MST)

> From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>

> > However, this does not sound useful enough for me to
> > put it into the DCC this year.  Spam and viruses differ.  It's far
> > more difficult and/or dangerous to give a Windows box a test infection
> > of a virus than to send test spam to a mail system.  To test a spam
> > filter that can be tested with a standardized test, you can instead
> > grab something from NANAS or whatever spam you hate and send it from
> > somewhere, such as a free provider or one of your own systems.
>
> That would be fine if your content filter is 100% effective, but last 
> time I looked the DCC wasn't. So you have no guarantee that a 
> particular spam is going to trigger it. You're effectively asking your 
> users to do the legwork, and that doesn't scale.

That the DCC is not 100% effective is a reason users (i.e. system operators)
should do their own leg work.

I don't see how "scaling" in any normal sense might be relevant.

But the real problem is that standardized test messages don't make
sense for some spam filters.  Spam is unlike viruses.  Viruses are
evil data but spam is behavior regardless of data.  I could twist
DCC client software to recognize some test messages, but that would
tell users nothing abut whether their DCC client is talking to a
DCC server that is getting current bulk checksums.  A better example
is what you would have a DNS blacklist client do about a standardized
test message.  A test message is just entirely wrong for DNS
blacklists..  The right test for something like the SBL is a
permanently listed auto-responder, not a test message.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
Cc: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>, "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Blacklist metrics FYI 
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 14:14:35 -0800


Justin Mason said:

>   0.682   1.4714   0.0839    0.946   0.79    0.00  X_OSIRU_OPEN_RELAY
>   4.438   8.6452   1.2520    0.873   0.63    0.00  X_OSIRU_SPAMWARE_SITE
>   3.277   1.4857   4.6343    0.243   0.41    0.00  X_OSIRU_DUL_FH
>   0.000   0.0000   0.0000    0.500   0.12    0.00  X_OSIRU_SPAM_SRC
>   1.522   1.4224   1.5983    0.471   0.10    0.00  X_OSIRU_DUL
> 
> There's those ratings.  However I think Osirusoft's "Confirmed Spam
> Source" (127.0.0.4) still includes more than SPEWS anyway....

<doubletake>

hmm.  That's 0 hits for X_OSIRU_SPAM_SRC.  I don't know why...
but that makes that break-out of those stats somewhat less helpful. ;)

--j.
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Date: 20 Mar 2003 00:00:00 +0000

Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at> schrieb/wrote:
> I expect to see a lot more junk email from <> and therefore a lot more
> systems rejecting all bounces. I haven't seen much talk about maintaining
> the reliablility of Internet email in the face of this kind of attack.

One could use special addresses as the envelope recipient which become
invalid after a month.
Mail to these addresses is only accepted if it has a return path of <>
and mail to other addresses only if it has a return path that is not <>.
The addresses would have to contain a timestamp and a digital signature,  
which is checked by the MTA that receives mail for the user who uses  
such a scheme.

Claus
-- 
http://www.faerber.muc.de/
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A possible way to a solution? 
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 13:38:23 -0500

william@elan.net wrote:
> I strongly recommend to read my presentation at:
> 
> http://www.elan.net/~william/asrg-emailpathverification-presentation.pdf

  I think the document is very helpful.  Simply having the picture of
a complex "real-word" e-mail deliver path means that any potential
solution can point to the picture, and say "we fit here."  That
capability was what was missing from many of the proposed solutions.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A possible way to a solution? 
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From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
X-GPG-Key-Fingerprint: 0A48 2D8B 0B52 A87D 0E8A  6ADD 4137 1B50 6E58 EF0A
X-Habeas-Swe-1: winter into spring
X-Habeas-Swe-2: brightly anticipated
X-Habeas-Swe-3: like Habeas SWE (tm)
X-Habeas-Swe-4: Copyright 2002 Habeas (tm)
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 15:55:56 -0800


Alan DeKok said:
> william@elan.net wrote:
> > I strongly recommend to read my presentation at:
> > 
> > http://www.elan.net/~william/asrg-emailpathverification-presentation.pdf
> 
>   I think the document is very helpful.  Simply having the picture of
> a complex "real-word" e-mail deliver path means that any potential
> solution can point to the picture, and say "we fit here."  That
> capability was what was missing from many of the proposed solutions.

Yes, it's a good summary of some troublesome spots in modern SMTP use.

--j.
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Subject: [Asrg] My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it went badly!)
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 14:12:30 -0800 (PST)

Hello everybody,

As I have little more time now, so I want to express my opinion regarding 
asrg live session on IETF meeting. I think it went badly and choice for 
presentations were not appropriate for the IETF conference. 

First part, were presentations on how bad spam is, what users should do, 
legal, etc. These are information to people who do not know about the problem 
and people at ietf are quite aware of the problem. Now these kind of 
presentations might have been ok if there were scientific in its 
nature or presentation, i.e. result of research efforts, like ARTG 
is supposed to actually do, but these were just views of particular 
organizations. But even that would have been ok if not for that 
fact, that these presentations took majority of time and being controversial
to some, resulted in lots of discussions. And regarding these discussions,
these were to a degree what we on the list call "noise". Now this noise 
is exactly the reason why some people who are experts in email have left 
this email list and do not participate any more, some of them were 
present at the meeting and I think they saw the same on the life meeting 
and this only made matters worse if we want to get any kind of support 
from IETF in general and IESG for whatever solutions we can think are 
appropriate to stop/reduce/control spam.

Second part of the meeting was supposed to be little more technical (half 
of the room was emtpy by the time it started...) but unfortunetly there 
was really not enough time for it and it was completely dominated by 
vendors trying to push their own solutions and all solutions were very 
commercial in nature. None was big help at this point and none (except 
verisign, though presentation was still one-sided towards S/MIME) tried to 
see what else similar is available that may not be commercial and may do 
the same. Also it can be noted that AT&T presented technology on which 
they have some patents and IETF has very clear guidelines that this is 
dscoraged to say the least and group chairs should when two solutions 
exist (one patented, one not) always choose non-patented solution, same 
applies for presentations, this should have been screened and patent-related
presentation made available if nothing else similar exist.

Also have to be noted that most presentations on the live meeting were by 
persons who did not try to participate at the mailing list and are completely
unknown to us and this is also against general policies for IETF and IRTF 
as first what are supposed to be presented are work done as part of mailing
list efforts (i.e. general work area) usually by people who are most active
on the list and only afterwards at the very end are there allowed presentations
by other organizations with similar interest or work area (and those 
presentations should be carefully chose to minimize commercial views). 

In short, like I said in previous email - the presentations were all 
opinions of particular organizations and all commercial (even spamcon is 
really what I call "commercial" non-profit foundation, as apposed to say 
CAUSE) and were not individual submission as is supposed to be done at 
IETF and IRTF. As a result engineers who were attending IETF probably 
got negative view of our group and our efforts. The only thing I can think 
of why chair did something like that would have been to get media exposure,
I'm sure media not be research or engineering centric would not see 
serious downsides that I have noticed. Now I'n not against additional 
media exposure, but I do not believe we're at the point where this is 
really needed, what we need are people serious about working on technical 
solutions and media will provide information about our group to general 
user audience that would only bring more noise. 

In the future meetings done in connection with IETF (are we meeting in 
Vienna?) if we're going to have so many non-technical discussions, I 
would strongly recommend separting into two sessions, one for this 
general/media-centric and one for actual engineers to work on technical 
issues that we may have. 

I do hope chair takes my comments seriously!
He really did a bad job today chosing what is to be presented (i'm sure he 
had multiple options), keeping discussions short (so that there was time 
for additional presentations) or in general being prepared for this life 
meeting (remember agenda is supposed to be reviewed by mail list and be 
announced well before the actual meeting, that is just one example).

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: william@elan.net
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it went badly!)
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 16:50:54 -0800

William, 

I do fully agree with you and can 100% confirm what you said.

As I stated in the session at the microphone, I was deeply
disappointed about the session. Most of what was presented was
simply pointless. I continuously had the feeling of waiting for 
the commercials to end to get back to the subject of the group
- unfortunately they didn't end.

Also, I was astonished to find presentations mostly disjunctive
from what was done on the mailing list. The presenation were mostly  
a playground for commercial interests, and thus the session 
ironically appeared to be jammed by spam. I wonder what the
mailing list is supposed to be good for if it has almost no influence.

Those statistics were somehow interesting, but not worth
wasting the short time we have. And extrapolating an 
exponential growth from just two measurements is at least
questionable. 

I was waiting more than 2.5 hours for the beef to come. Finally, 
after the official end time at 11.30, the group was moving a little
bit to the technical part. Unfortunately, time was so short that three
talks had to be pressed in less than 30 minutes, and technical items
could not even be touched. The presented taxonomy was as short as
poor, but due to the short time left to present it, this didn't matter 
anymore. 

I came from Germany on my own private expense mainly to
discuss technical solutions. If I had known the agenda before,
I simply could have saved the money I wasted. 

I was quite amazed to see so many journalists participating.
I've never seen so many journalists in a IETF session before. 
This could have been a great opportunity to step into public
awareness as the ones who start to solve problem by engineering.
Unfortunately, this chance was lost. 

As a balance, that session didn't bring us any further. On the 
contrary, this casted a very negative light on us. That's why
many attendees, even some journalists, left early and were highly
disappointed, or even upset. 

After this session I am even more convinced, that any effort 
to effectively stop spam will be blocked in order to keep
a billion dollar market of spam filters open.

Hadmut

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Subject: [Asrg] Misunderstandings ...
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 20:06:11 -0500
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I don't have time to read all of the messages so it's likely that
someone pointed out some serious flaws in this approach. But first I
need to emphasize the difference between the envelope used to transport
the message and the header which is like the inner header in a business
letter and it is entirely optional. Sure, you're supposed to have from,
to and date but it works without it. There is an unfortunate design
error in that envelope is out of band and there is no standard way to
preserve it. This should be fixed but ...

Second, the word "forge", that's a moral term. One synthesize the
envelope for whatever purpose is appropriate and we shouldn't prejudge
this. In fact, I have to forge the from address for this letter in order
to keep the list manager happy since I use a different address for each
list. It isn't bogus, just informative. The Caller-ID for phone calls is
buggy since it doesn't tell me who is calling, just which phone they
happen to be using. I don't want to have be authorized to send mail.

How do you know I'm not a synthesized persona or that I don't present
different persona depending upon my role, job or mood. That's normal and
fundamental to living in an ambiguous universe.

You cannot get authentication from the DNS. It's just a repository of
lookup keys that get reused over time (unfortunately). Authentication is
a very deep and complex concept and there is no magic trust algebra. You
can buy services for vouching or other purposes from third parties and
require others who communicate you meet your own criteria such as having
VeriSign certs or having ones generated by Joe if you want "Joe sent me"
in your own private key community. Or you can simply have their bank say
"yeah, he has the money to cover the purchase".

Conclusion. This is not an Email issue -- it's a product that you might
want to offer but it cannot be mandated any more than you can have .XXX
and .KIDs.

Also, please define what it means for mail to be delivered?


PS: I am replying to the forwarded pointer because it also illustrate a
bigger problem -- the damn wrapping that occurs because of teletype
compatibility mode. I'm became quite proficient with the KSR and ASR
33,35,37 and 43 (well, not much with the 43 -- too new). But that
doesn't mean I'm glad to be living in the 1960's in terms of email. But
that's a separate grip -- I resisted using HTML though that's enough of
a reason to use it.




-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Alan
DeKok
Sent: Thursday, March 20, 2003 13:38
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A possible way to a solution? 

william@elan.net wrote:
> I strongly recommend to read my presentation at:
> 
>
http://www.elan.net/~william/asrg-emailpathverification-presentation.pdf

  I think the document is very helpful.  Simply having the picture of
a complex "real-word" e-mail deliver path means that any potential
solution can point to the picture, and say "we fit here."  That
capability was what was missing from many of the proposed solutions.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] presentation slides?
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 17:14:08 -0800

At a minimum, speakers should send their slides to minutes@ietf.org and 
they will be posted at

http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/03mar/index.html (look under the  "general" 
area)

Right now, only my slides are there (along with a misplaced set of slides 
from geopriv).

At 12:01 PM 3/20/03 -0800, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
>Hi,
>
>could we have copies of the slides of today's IETF
>presentations available?
>
>
>regards
>Hadmut
>_______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it went badly!)
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Hadmut Danisch wrote:
> William, 
> 
> I do fully agree with you and can 100% confirm what you said.
> 
> As I stated in the session at the microphone, I was deeply
> disappointed about the session. Most of what was presented was
> simply pointless. I continuously had the feeling of waiting for 
> the commercials to end to get back to the subject of the group
> - unfortunately they didn't end.
> 
> Also, I was astonished to find presentations mostly disjunctive
> from what was done on the mailing list. The presenation were mostly  
> a playground for commercial interests, and thus the session 
> ironically appeared to be jammed by spam. I wonder what the
> mailing list is supposed to be good for if it has almost no influence.
> 
> Those statistics were somehow interesting, but not worth
> wasting the short time we have. And extrapolating an 
> exponential growth from just two measurements is at least
> questionable. 
> 
> I was waiting more than 2.5 hours for the beef to come. Finally, 
> after the official end time at 11.30, the group was moving a little
> bit to the technical part. Unfortunately, time was so short that three
> talks had to be pressed in less than 30 minutes, and technical items
> could not even be touched. The presented taxonomy was as short as
> poor, but due to the short time left to present it, this didn't matter 
> anymore. 
> 
> I came from Germany on my own private expense mainly to
> discuss technical solutions. If I had known the agenda before,
> I simply could have saved the money I wasted. 
> 
> I was quite amazed to see so many journalists participating.
> I've never seen so many journalists in a IETF session before. 
> This could have been a great opportunity to step into public
> awareness as the ones who start to solve problem by engineering.
> Unfortunately, this chance was lost. 
> 
> As a balance, that session didn't bring us any further. On the 
> contrary, this casted a very negative light on us. That's why
> many attendees, even some journalists, left early and were highly
> disappointed, or even upset. 
> 
> After this session I am even more convinced, that any effort 
> to effectively stop spam will be blocked in order to keep
> a billion dollar market of spam filters open.
> 
> Hadmut
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

I agree that the meeting was.... unbalanced. It would have be en more 
appropriate to have a meeting like this at a symposium or conference 
attended by management and 'decision makers'.

Like Hadmut, I came here on my own expense from Sweden. I expected some 
'product presentations', but I also expected 'independent' research 
projects to be presented. Unfortunately, the latter did not really 
figure on the agenda, for whatever reason.

We have three months to Vienna. In those three months, we need to show 
to ourselves and the world - which is watching, as shown by the presence 
of journalists in the meeting and earlier media interest - that the 
IETF/IRTF is an independent organisation which works to create and 
promote a vendor-neutral, univeral internet. Whatever we end up with 
(that is, the working group(s) which might come after this research 
group) is going to be implemented by commercial vendors (and free 
software projects, hopefully). This is a good thing! It should, however, 
not be the other way around. As I have always understood it - and this 
was supported by everyone at the plenary meeting last night - people at 
the IETF work with the best interest of the internet in mind, not the 
best interest of their employers. I trust this is the case.

Frank

-- 
    WWWWW      ________________________
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    \ `--| _/     <Hacker for Hire>      \
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             \    frank@unternet.org    /
              `------------------------'
   [ "Omnis enim res, quae dando non deficit, dum habetur
      et non datur, nondum habetur, quomodo habenda est."  ]

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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 01:37:41 +0000

On Thu, Mar 20, 2003 at 03:08:11PM -0600, David Walker wrote:
> I don't understand why mail servers treat bounces as regular messages.
> I believe that your mail server should encapsulate a bounce message in a 
> generic "here is a mail error" report.

It's for historical reasons, the main reason being that the protocols
assume that email failures are always complicated or unusual or at a
high enough layer that they warrant the attention of a human. There
is no accommodation in the standards for a denial-of-service attack on
this back-channel.

There *are* better bounce standards, but they are not widely-enough
implemented and still leave something to be desired. For example, RFC
3461 really MUST be implemented everywhere to maintain the viability
of bounces, but it does not allow you to sensibly verify a legitimate
bounce at SMTP time because the ENVID parameter is copied into the 2822
headers of the bounce and isn't exposed to the 2821 level -- you can't
reject a forged bounce until after CRLF.CRLF. It also only records the
original and final recipients of a message, not the intermediate aliases,
which reduces its effectiveness at improving email's debuggability.

Note that verifying legitimate bounces implies that the MXs for a
domain know the ENVID of all MAIL FROM that domain, which implies the
death of asymmetrical email routing (but I think we all agree that
that needs to die anyway).

Tony.
-- 
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SOUTHEAST SHANNON: SOUTHERLY 4 OR 5. FAIR. GOOD.
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From: Marshall Rose <mrose+internet.irtf.asrg@dbc.mtview.ca.us>
To: Frank de Lange <frank@unternet.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it went badly!)
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 17:47:04 -0800
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> We have three months to Vienna. In those three months, we need to show 
> to ourselves and the world - which is watching, as shown by the presence 
> of journalists in the meeting and earlier media interest - that the 
> IETF/IRTF is an independent organisation which works to create and 
> promote a vendor-neutral, univeral internet.
> ...
    
at the risk of adding the voluminous nature of this mailing list by
stating the very obvious:
    
    the IRTF is not the IETF
    
applying IETF-like expectations to an IRTF research group will result
only in heartbreak.

although it is unlikely that the instigators of this research group had
this intent, no one should be surprised by today's meltdown. let's face
it, an open mailing list that averages 90 messages/day does not mix with
a group trying to do research. neither does press participation.
    
some of my more wagish friends have suggested that "the B ark"
lives. for myself, i merely note the usual about paving things with good
intentions.
    
/mtr
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it went badly!)
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 03:00:26 +0100
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Marshall Rose wrote:
> some of my more wagish friends have suggested that "the B ark"
> lives. for myself, i merely note the usual about paving things with good
> intentions.
>     
> /mtr

Nâââh, I spotted quite a few dirty telephones here and there...

Really...

//Frank

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To: clewis@nortelnetworks.com
From: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Bounces, was Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 04:15:40 +0000

"Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:
>
>However, you can finesse this somewhat.  We inline reject <> envelope 
>from in the following two circumstances:
>
>	1) The From: has no "@", or doesn't contain "mailer-daemon"
>	   or "postmaster", or,
>	2) There's multiple RCPT TOs (recipients).
>
>No FPs ever on (1).  Only two FPs on (2) - broken mailing lists, which 
>we assisted the listowner in fixing.  Quite happy with both rules.

(2) prevents you from having more than one manager for a list that
doesn't have automated bounce handling.

Neither of these checks prevents spammers.

Tony.
-- 
f.a.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
LOUGH FOYLE TO CARLINGFORD LOUGH: SOUTH OR SOUTHEAST 3 OR 4. MOSTLY FAIR.
GOOD. SLIGHT.
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To: list-ietf-antispam@faerber.muc.de
From: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>
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Subject: Re: Bounces, was Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 04:18:05 +0000

list-ietf-antispam@faerber.muc.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Claus_F=E4rber?=) wrote:
>
>One could use special addresses as the envelope recipient which become
>invalid after a month.
>Mail to these addresses is only accepted if it has a return path of <>
>and mail to other addresses only if it has a return path that is not <>.
>The addresses would have to contain a timestamp and a digital signature,  
>which is checked by the MTA that receives mail for the user who uses  
>such a scheme.

There's already an equivalent solution in RFC 3461.

Tony.
-- 
f.a.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
SELSEY BILL TO LYME REGIS: VARIABLE MAINLY NORTH OR NORTHEAST 3 OR 4, LOCALLY
2. MOST OF THE MIST THINNING. MODERATE OR POOR WITH FOG PATCHES BECOMING
MODERATE LOCALLY GOOD. SLIGHT.
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 20:32:12 -0800

From http://www.emaildepot.net/, a commercial provider for
address lists for spamming:

   The 1,000,000 email addresses that we provide each week are general,
   non-targeted addresses, and are about 90% USA-based.  These are not
   opt-in addresses, but we have removed many of the flamers and
   trouble-makers from the lists. We run them all through our commercial
   grade verification programs to ensure deliverability. 


Lovely. Let's become "trouble-makers".

Hadmut
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I must say that I regret that some of the less valuable presentations in =
today's meetings took up so much time that this presentation by Phillip =
Hallam-Baker ended up being rushed and thus was not presented as well as =
it could have been. My hope is that in future meetings we'll have more =
time to hear about such solutions and much less time devoted to trying =
to convince us that a problem exists... Thanks for providing the =
slides...

        bob wyman

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<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>I must say that I regret that some of =
the less=20
valuable presentations in today's meetings took up so much time that =
this=20
presentation by Phillip Hallam-Baker ended up being rushed and thus was =
not=20
presented as well as it could have been. My hope is that in future =
meetings=20
we'll have more time to hear about such solutions and much less time =
devoted to=20
trying to convince us that a problem exists... Thanks for providing the=20
slides...</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
bob=20
wyman</FONT></DIV>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it went badly!)
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Marshall,

Thursday, March 20, 2003, 5:47:04 PM, you wrote:
MR> at the risk of adding the voluminous nature of this mailing list by
MR> stating the very obvious:
    
MR>     the IRTF is not the IETF
    
MR> applying IETF-like expectations to an IRTF research group will result
MR> only in heartbreak.

On the other hand, we need to ask what the goal of having an open
meeting at an IETF event reasonably should be.

Somehow, I do not think that filling most of the schedule with
presentations primarily trying to tell us that spam is a problem is
appropriate. Nor do I think that presentations that present invalid
statistics or simplistic suggestions are all that helpfuyl.

Somehow, I think that targeting technical research work IS
appropriate.  Perhaps that happened in the half-hour overtime after
the scheduled portion, but of course, many of us had to be elsewhere.

So, yes, we need to make sure we do not review this as if it were a
working group meeting.  However the meeting failed in plenty of other
ways.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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> None was big help at this point and 
> none (except 
> verisign, though presentation was still one-sided towards 
> S/MIME) tried to 
> see what else similar is available that may not be commercial 
> and may do 
> the same. 

Actually if I had had a little more time it would probably have been rather
clearer that I was proposing a range of authentication options, starting
with the free ones albiet with certain possible counter-strategies.

S/MIME is clearly an authentication option and the most flexible for this
particular application (PGP is a close second but there is a conflict in
that the PGP security model is strictly endpoint based and hence does not
immediately map to a service MTA gateway deployment unless a validation
service like XKMS is interjected). However S/MIME is also the most expensive
to deploy - whether you issue your own certificates or pay a CA since you
need a cert for every end user which is expensive to manage, far more
expensive than an SSL cert.

The only "authentication" strategy I think is bogus is using the reverse
DNS. This will at best demonstrate that the address block the IP is in has
been legitimately allocated. This is actually a modest spam indicator, it is
certainly not foolproof and is certainly not an accept/deny criteria. Lots
of legitimate IP addresses do not have reverse DNS configured. There are
definitely instances where garbage creators (high volume spam senders) have
hijacked unallocated IP ranges and advertised routes for them.

The problem is that it is almost as easy for the garbage creator to hijack a
legit IP address range by advertising a false route. So all things being
equal I would rather not create incentives for garbage creators to move to
strategies that are far more destructive.

	Phill 
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Subject: [Asrg] First few links to studies
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Well, I don't have any semblance of a complete list of studies yet (if 
you have some pointers, please send them... One down - thanks Adam - 
more to go? will include them in the list later), but here are some 
links which can be interesting anyway...

'targeted scientific research'

Teamed filters catch more spam
http://www.trnmag.com/Stories/2001/082201/Teamed_filters_catch_more_spam_082201.html

Unsolicited Commercial Communications and Data Protection, a study by 
the European Union
http://europa.eu.int/comm/internal_market/en/dataprot/studies/spamstudyen.pdf

Unsolicited Bulk Email: Mechanisms for Control
http://www.imc.org/ube-sol.html

Anonymity and Pseudonymity in Cyberspace
http://www2.norwich.edu/mkabay/overviews/anonpseudo.htm
http://www2.norwich.edu/mkabay/overviews/anonpseudo.pdf

Deterrence Measures for Spam
http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/k53/pmail/

Security research papers from IBM. Some related issues, eg. privacy 
preferences/consent (P3P) for web sites.
http://www.research.ibm.com/compsci/security/seminars.html

There are many more papers on web-related issues. Some of the issues are 
related (especially the privacy-related issues).
http://www.almaden.ibm.com/software/theory/Web/

Selling interrupt rights: A way to control unwanted e-mail and telephone 
calls
http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/414/forum.pdf

(more later)

'operational research'

alt.spam faq, zillions of links...
http://digital.net/~gandalf/spamfaq.html


'legal research'

GARBAGE IN: EMERGING MEDIA AND REGULATION OF UNSOLICITED COMMERCIAL 
SOLICITATIONS
http://www.law.berkeley.edu/journals/btlj/articles/vol11/Carroll/html/text.html

List of links (reading list) for a course in 'cyberlaw', theme 'Why 
Regulating Spam is Difficult'
http://www.law.berkeley.edu/institutes/bclt/courses/fall00/cyberlaw/cybersyllabus.html


'the Enemy'

Why Bulk Email Marketing?
http://www.marketing-2000.net/

'rfc's'
rfc2505 - Anti-Spam Recommendations for SMTP MTAs
rfc2635 - DON'T SPEW A Set of Guidelines for Mass Unsolicited Mailings 
and Postings (spam*)
rfc3098 - How to Advertise Responsibly Using E-Mail and Newsgroups

This is not the promised overview of research, it is a starter for those 
who want something to reado n the way home :-)

Cheers//Frank

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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Quotation 
In-Reply-To: Message from Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> 
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 22:41:30 -0800


Hadmut Danisch said:

> >>From http://www.emaildepot.net/, a commercial provider for
> address lists for spamming:
> 
>    The 1,000,000 email addresses that we provide each week are general,
>    non-targeted addresses, and are about 90% USA-based.  These are not
>    opt-in addresses, but we have removed many of the flamers and
>    trouble-makers from the lists. We run them all through our commercial
>    grade verification programs to ensure deliverability. 
> 
> Lovely. Let's become "trouble-makers".

Aha.  That explains something I've been wondering about.  Spammers are
often keen to get hold of the address of people who complain about spam;
hence the disguised email addrs in headers, HTML comments etc.
I assumed it was for "revenge" actions like joe-jobs.

In fact, it's to clean lists of "trouble-makers", to reduce abuse
complaints.

A good reason for us all to complain, then!

--j.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A possible way to a solution?
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 10:58:21 +0100
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I didn't mean to use DNS for authentication.
I'll illustrate the method I had in mind for this. If my receiving mailserver gets a message from a 
remote mailserver, it'll use the emailheader which contains the FROM field (basically, I think the 
FROM field should contain the senders address, like there's ultimately one TO field that really 
matters, there should also be one FROM field that contains the actual senders address. That's the 
one I'm gonna check.). From that field I take the domainname, look it up in DNS, get the 
mailserver's IP address, and then contact that mailserver. Using a new protocol my mailserver 
communicates with the sending mailserver, to find out whether or not it is actually trying to send 
an email to my mailserver.
If the domain in the FROM emailaddress nonexistence, the email will get bounced. The sender will 
get notified by means of an email. The sender can then take appropriate action, and eventually 
resend his/her email. With a correct emailaddress.
DNS is used as it was intended, not for authentication, not with rDNS.

There's no point in trying to find a solution that will totally eliminate spam. It might work for a 
while, but anything is ultimately breakable. In my opinion, its better to make it very hard to 
spam, and/or give a spammer a lot of work to sending his/her email.
Just look at the all the copy protection schema's that are around. They make it harder to copy a CD 
or DVD for a while, not impossible. 

Olger.

>Once again this is type of verification based on DNS, I described
>majority of this approaches in my presentation and in the beginning
>described what these approaches would need to deal with and the
>solution described here is pretty much what I called complex mail
>verficiation. Again ANYBODY who is considering doing any kind DNS
>based mail sender verification any kind of solution like has been
>discussed at "Domain Authorized SMTP Mail" thread and RMX and number
>of other threads (and there are many many people like this on the
>list), I strongly recommend to read my presentation at:
>
>http://www.elan.net/~william/asrg-emailpathverification-
>presentation.pdf
>
>(Note that right now it looks like I will not be presenting this on
>actual meeting as chair has chosen different presentations for it)
>
>I also do think that being able to track spammer to his real
>location will go 1/2 way in stopping them, the rest would fall into
>being able to contstruct good black/whitelists and doing legal and
>other actions to close spammer business.
>
>On Thu, 20 Mar 2003, Olger Diekstra wrote:
>
>>Hi all,
>>
>>I've been monitoring the list for the past few days now. Hearing
>>(well, reading) everyone with all the different types of solutions
>>and arguments brings me to the following concept. Although its far
>>from covering everything, there are still some lose ends, I think
>>its a good starting point.
>>
>>Although spam should be (and in most countries is) illegal, that's
>>not going to stop it. As long as there are countries that are more
>>flexible to spammers, it will be hard to get them before court.
>>Which ultimately leads to conclude that the law is not going to be
>>able to solve this. So any discussion whether it should be more
>>illegal or not, heavier punishments or cheaper ways to bring a
>>spammer to justice will not make spam go away. In other words, a
>>futile discussion.
>>Since justice needs a person or organization to stand trial, what
>>we need to do first is find out who is spamming in a legal way.
>>Then Justice can take place much more easily.
>>
>>Content filtering is (as has been pointed out before) ultimately an
>>enduser solution. As email can be encrypted (although encrypted
>>spam is hardly very likely) it becomes difficult for an automated
>>process to be checked. Besides, the same content can sometimes be
>>wanted and sometimes be spam (as has also been described in emails
>>from others on the list). If I like to write dirty to my
>>girlfriend, that is not spam. However, if it is to thousands of
>>users around the world that I do not know, that would make it spam
>>for most, although there might still be a few who would want that
>>kind of mail...
>>
>>Systems that rely on remote systems setting tags, or having
>>certificates are also not very reliable in the end. They can be
>>forged. If a spammer has its own mailserver, it can forge any tag
>>that is invented to prevent spam.
>>
>>Seperation of spam and legitimate mail must be close to 100%.
>>Something like 99.99999%. If on a billion mails only one gets lost,
>>that's acceptable to me.
>>Furthermore, the traffic spam consumes must be reduced to its
>>absoluut minimum. Determining if an email is spam can only be done
>>at the receiving side on the server or on the client. A spammer can
>>be a legitimate sender at one time, and a spammer at another.
>>
>>Which ultimately leads me to the conclusion that the receiving
>>mailserver should be the first place to start. This is the place
>>where the spammer has no control over.
>>If he knocks on my door and doesn't know the password, I can simply
>>keep the door locked.
>>Whatever authentication or certification my mailserver wants to
>>receive an email, the spammer will have to comply to. (As long as
>>my security on the server is sound of course...But even then, if
>>security is low, the spammer will have to be a hacker as well,
>>totally different skills, and much more timeconsuming).
>>
>>So the question is probably, how do we do that?
>>Firstly, I want my mailserver to garantee the sender. That will
>>give me much more control. The server could do this as follows:
>>whenever a remote mailserver sends an email to a receiving
>>mailserver, the receiving mailserver should lookup the domain of
>>which the sender claims the email is from, contact the mailserver
>>of that domain, and check it is actually trying to send the email.
>>This will garantee the source to my mailserver, giving me full
>>control over the check. It will be very difficult for the spammer
>>to forge this.
>>Now a problem rises for users that send from a mailserver that's is
>>not part of the source domain. Like mobile users sending mail from
>>their hotelroom, home users sending with an office emailaddress,
>>etc. This can be solved by informing the mailserver of the domain
>>in the FROM field that a message is being send. Basically, you
>>could send the header of the email which will provide enough
>>information. For this to happen reliably, the user would have to
>>login to the mailserver. In the end, if the mailserver of the
>>domain in the FROM field is not notified, the sender will not be
>>able to get the email to me.
>>
>>So now that I know the source,  I could setup a list of users on
>>the mailserver that are save. Whenever the mailserver receives an
>>email for me, it'll check against the list of known addresses. If
>>the sending party is in my list, the email can go right to my
>>mailbox. If not, additional action is needed (and has to be
>>defined). Very safe, and without too much need for server
>>resources.
>>I can still send email from anywhere in the world to anyone. Thus,
>>I can create a whitelist of folks whom I trust. Of course, I would
>>need to setup all my emailboxes with the necessary filters.
>>
>>This mechanisme ensures that an email can be traced back to the
>>sending domain, it has to have a valid sending emailaddress of
>>which the domainname is registered in DNS and the authorized
>>mailserver of that domain must have send the email.
>>If more mailservers exists within the sending domain, it is likely
>>that the receiving mailserver connects to a different mailserver
>>from the sending domain. So there also has to be a mechanisme for
>>the sending mailservers to communicate amongst each other.
>>Basically, it should do a sort of broadcast to is fellow
>>mailservers of the domain, and ask if anyone is sending the email.
>>
>>Since we now know who is sending the spam (forging emailaddresses
>>just became much more difficult) we can put up a blacklist with
>>known spammers. An email server should be able to either mirror it
>>in case the blacklist goes down (due to a DoS attack of some sort)
>>or use it realtime. Every user should have an option somewhere, in
>>its client, thru a website of the ISP, whatever, to select a
>>particular blacklist and tell the emailserver to use that list or
>>lists for the users mailbox. The email server will first use the
>>users whitelist, and then the blacklist.
>>If a user considers an email spam, it should be able to reply the
>>email and sent it out again, using a special tag in the subject
>>stating SPAM or something. The email server will pick this up and
>>instead of sending the reply to the spammer (though he might get
>>perhaps a copy?) it will sent it to the blacklist.
>>If the sending address gets, say, twenty emails from different
>>persons stating the sender is a spammer, it could be added to the
>>list.
>>
>>Spammers who use a temporary hotmail account might still form a
>>problem, but they will not be able to send email using that account
>>if they do not notify the hotmail emailserver. Webmail accounts
>>usually can only be used from a webpage which sends the email using
>>an unknown (to the sender) mailserver. I have a feeling spammers
>>are not going to use a webpage to construct thousands of email
>>spam....
>>
>>Remember, this is just a thought (though a long one...) of how it
>>could be done. The above described method can be slowly implemented
>>in the existing systems.
>>If users also authenticate to SMTP servers, the ISP or
>>administrator can also make sure no unauthorised person gets to use
>>the mailserver. In the end, it will make spamming a whole lot
>>harder.
>>
>>Happy thinking!
>>
>>Olger Diekstra.
>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________ Asrg mailing list
>>Asrg@ietf.org https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>>
>



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Subject: Re: Bounces, was Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries
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Date: 21 Mar 2003 00:00:00 +0000

Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at> schrieb/wrote:
> list-ietf-antispam@faerber.muc.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Claus_F=E4rber?=) wrote:
>> One could use special addresses as the envelope recipient which become
>> invalid after a month.
>> Mail to these addresses is only accepted if it has a return path of <>
>> and mail to other addresses only if it has a return path that is not <>.
>> The addresses would have to contain a timestamp and a digital signature,
>> which is checked by the MTA that receives mail for the user who uses
>> such a scheme.

> There's already an equivalent solution in RFC 3461.

Detecting bounces by looking for a RFC 3461 messages only works when all
sites implement it. And then you can still have your commercial message  
in the first part of a multipart/report structure (and fake bounce data  
in the following parts).

Special bounce addresses can be deployed on a per-domain (or per-
address) basis without support from hosts that send bounces (_and_ they
can detect forged bounces after MAIL FROM and RCPT TO, i.e. without
DATA).

Claus
-- 
http://www.faerber.muc.de/
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 00:35:15 -0800 (PST)

Being ISP owner and network engineer who manages not only my company network
(two /19 blocks, ASN, peers, transits) but also networks for couple other 
companies, all with multiple transit providers, I have to disagree with this. 
All transit providers amd large networks employ filtering at bgp advertisment
level and you would only be able to send them routes that you have previously
told them about and where they were able to confirm you're the owner of 
the ip block.

The only way I could see how somebody would advertise false route is if 
they tell their upstream that they have such as and such customer as 
downstream and their upstream is stupid enough not to verify it - at 
some size level upstream would trust its downstream ISP, i.e. if I 
tell that this network is for my customer, I would not get questions, 
but spammers usually do not have network and only use blocks received 
from theeir upstream, almost nobody would trust such company on their word 
to advertise another block without proof and advertising false block can 
also put tier-1 network into legal problems it may also cost them as far 
as peering contracts.

And as far as I can remember (and I'v been on both spam-related 
lists and even more network-engineering lists) there was only one or two 
examples and all two years ago or more. Besides that I'm also expert in 
ip whois and run free public whois referral server at completewhois.com 
(similar to geektools but all my own code and algorithms and dare say its 
lot more capable - both on domains and ip info) so I have statistics on 
what users are requesting and high amounts of spam are easy to see as 
increase in whois queries on certain ips, sometimes I check this myself 
and I did not see any clear hijacking.

But this is all completely off-topic and really not relevent to the 
list so I apologize for the rant and will be on topic in next emails.

> The problem is that it is almost as easy for the garbage creator to hijack a
> legit IP address range by advertising a false route. So all things being
> equal I would rather not create incentives for garbage creators to move to
> strategies that are far more destructive.
> 
> 	Phill 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 



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Subject: RE: [Asrg] My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it went badly!
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 00:47:14 -0800 (PST)

Little more on topic now:

  There is common misconception that hijaking ip block implies being able 
to do reverse dns for it. This is entirely false, one is ip routing issue 
another is ip allocation deligated by RIR so to be able to do reverse dns 
you would need to have record change with RIR (ARIN, APNIC, RIPE, LACNIC) 
and they would know who the real ip owner is and would report hijacking.
  But it is true that in some situations with smaller networks, they have 
their reverse dns servers in the same ip as their block from the RIR, then 
you could potentially setup your servers on the same ip. But lately that 
is enough either as RIRs have changed to do in-addr deligation by domain 
name and not ip, so you need to also hijack domain of the provider who you 
are hijacking ip block from. As you can see it gets way too complex for a 
spammer and can put him in way too much legal trouble if he's traced.

  But I entirely agree that reverse dns check is no substitute for
authentication or verification. If you look at it carefully you'll find 
that it fails on my complex mail path example both on the roaming user 
part and on intermediate remailer. But checking reverse ip can be used for 
the actual verification of individual server-server communication, I'll 
mention difference in next email.

> The only "authentication" strategy I think is bogus is using the reverse
> DNS. This will at best demonstrate that the address block the IP is in has
> been legitimately allocated. This is actually a modest spam indicator, it is
> certainly not foolproof and is certainly not an accept/deny criteria. Lots
> of legitimate IP addresses do not have reverse DNS configured. There are
> definitely instances where garbage creators (high volume spam senders) have
> hijacked unallocated IP ranges and advertised routes for them.
> 
> The problem is that it is almost as easy for the garbage creator to hijack a
> legit IP address range by advertising a false route. So all things being
> equal I would rather not create incentives for garbage creators to move to
> strategies that are far more destructive.
> 
> 	Phill 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Subject: [Asrg] Authentication/Verification - really two parts
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 01:31:17 -0800 (PST)

 I want to mention that authentication and verification have really two 
parts which are possible independent or parallel pathes:

 1. Verify communication between two mail servers. In my presentation 
slides this is listed as highlated section which I called vulnerable SMTP 
connection - connection from two sites that do not know each other. In 
this case its a good idea for each mail server to be able to known and 
verify who the other mail server is.

 2. Verification of actual sender, i.e. you want to know that he's 
allowed to use email address of the domain he's claiming to be using.. 
This usually would imply checking on what is listed at "From:" header, 
though really it might be better to create new "Sender" header with actual 
verifiable email address of the sender plus with additional info as in:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-newman-msgheader-originfo-05.txt

Now #1 and #2 are different things and for example when talking about 
crypto techniques - #2 is exactly what S/Mime is supposed to solve 
(identity of sender) while #1 would not be solved by it and would
require more standard site certificates as with http ssl.

Now the final goal is of course to verify sender by recepient but if
all the links in between are secure (each -> in the path
Sender-}Site A->Site I->Site J->Site Z-}Recepient) and each site can 
vauch for one another, then we also have achieved our goal as sender is 
known to Site A (so it can vauch for it) and obviouly you Recepient knows
its mail provider Z. Deployment wise its a lot easier to have solution 
deployed on thousands on email servers then have billion (is it now?) 
users getting S/MIME or PGP certificates. Also looking carefully at it, 
its actually enough that Site Z can verify/authenticate Site A, the 
problem becomes how to deal with Site I and Site J when they are not 
running mail software that can apprpriately path along this kind of 
authorization.

Anyway I'm done describing general authentication/verification solution
approaches, hope it helped...

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net

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To: Olger Diekstra <olger@olgisoft.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A possible way to a solution?
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 02:00:00 -0800 (PST)

Again I strongly advice you to view my slides and compare difference between 
"simple" and "complex" mail path and take a look at real-life example of
what happens to email when you send it to asrg mail list, you'll see how 
headers change and how you can not rely on either MAIL FROM or "From:" header
as far as what your receiving mail server sees in comparision to remote 
mail server. What you and many others see as solution are based on 
misunderstanding on how email travels across the internet - way too many 
only see it as "simple" mail path. 

Considering that you're not the first person who proposed this solution
(I'v been on way too many lists...) I'll probably add this to my slides as
far as failed verification ideas, so we don't get asked about it again!  
Also very similar thing to yours has been proposed (but it does include 
callback): http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-nunn-ssmtp-00.txt
I'll leave it as an exercise for you to check why this does not work, but 
if you do not I actually have completed slide on this which did not 
make it into final draft and as I promised to bring up callback, I'll 
release those slides when I get a change to update this presentation.
(I'm considering converting it into html as work-paper describing 
different approaches and comparisons - slides were obviously something for 
live show I did not get a chance to do; if I convert it, it'll be some 
time before you see update as I'll need to be lot more descriptive as 
would be in research paper).

On Fri, 21 Mar 2003, Olger Diekstra wrote:

> I didn't mean to use DNS for authentication.
> I'll illustrate the method I had in mind for this. If my receiving mailserver gets a message from a 
> remote mailserver, it'll use the emailheader which contains the FROM field (basically, I think the 
> FROM field should contain the senders address, like there's ultimately one TO field that really 
> matters, there should also be one FROM field that contains the actual senders address. That's the 
> one I'm gonna check.). From that field I take the domainname, look it up in DNS, get the 
> mailserver's IP address, and then contact that mailserver. Using a new protocol my mailserver 
> communicates with the sending mailserver, to find out whether or not it is actually trying to send 
> an email to my mailserver.
> If the domain in the FROM emailaddress nonexistence, the email will get bounced. The sender will 
> get notified by means of an email. The sender can then take appropriate action, and eventually 
> resend his/her email. With a correct emailaddress.
> DNS is used as it was intended, not for authentication, not with rDNS.
> 
> There's no point in trying to find a solution that will totally eliminate spam. It might work for a 
> while, but anything is ultimately breakable. In my opinion, its better to make it very hard to 
> spam, and/or give a spammer a lot of work to sending his/her email.
> Just look at the all the copy protection schema's that are around. They make it harder to copy a CD 
> or DVD for a while, not impossible. 
> 
> Olger.
> 
> >Once again this is type of verification based on DNS, I described
> >majority of this approaches in my presentation and in the beginning
> >described what these approaches would need to deal with and the
> >solution described here is pretty much what I called complex mail
> >verficiation. Again ANYBODY who is considering doing any kind DNS
> >based mail sender verification any kind of solution like has been
> >discussed at "Domain Authorized SMTP Mail" thread and RMX and number
> >of other threads (and there are many many people like this on the
> >list), I strongly recommend to read my presentation at:
> >
> >http://www.elan.net/~william/asrg-emailpathverification-
> >presentation.pdf
> >
> >(Note that right now it looks like I will not be presenting this on
> >actual meeting as chair has chosen different presentations for it)
> >
> >I also do think that being able to track spammer to his real
> >location will go 1/2 way in stopping them, the rest would fall into
> >being able to contstruct good black/whitelists and doing legal and
> >other actions to close spammer business.
> >
> >On Thu, 20 Mar 2003, Olger Diekstra wrote:
> >
> >>Hi all,
> >>
> >>I've been monitoring the list for the past few days now. Hearing
> >>(well, reading) everyone with all the different types of solutions
> >>and arguments brings me to the following concept. Although its far
> >>from covering everything, there are still some lose ends, I think
> >>its a good starting point.
> >>
> >>Although spam should be (and in most countries is) illegal, that's
> >>not going to stop it. As long as there are countries that are more
> >>flexible to spammers, it will be hard to get them before court.
> >>Which ultimately leads to conclude that the law is not going to be
> >>able to solve this. So any discussion whether it should be more
> >>illegal or not, heavier punishments or cheaper ways to bring a
> >>spammer to justice will not make spam go away. In other words, a
> >>futile discussion.
> >>Since justice needs a person or organization to stand trial, what
> >>we need to do first is find out who is spamming in a legal way.
> >>Then Justice can take place much more easily.
> >>
> >>Content filtering is (as has been pointed out before) ultimately an
> >>enduser solution. As email can be encrypted (although encrypted
> >>spam is hardly very likely) it becomes difficult for an automated
> >>process to be checked. Besides, the same content can sometimes be
> >>wanted and sometimes be spam (as has also been described in emails
> >>from others on the list). If I like to write dirty to my
> >>girlfriend, that is not spam. However, if it is to thousands of
> >>users around the world that I do not know, that would make it spam
> >>for most, although there might still be a few who would want that
> >>kind of mail...
> >>
> >>Systems that rely on remote systems setting tags, or having
> >>certificates are also not very reliable in the end. They can be
> >>forged. If a spammer has its own mailserver, it can forge any tag
> >>that is invented to prevent spam.
> >>
> >>Seperation of spam and legitimate mail must be close to 100%.
> >>Something like 99.99999%. If on a billion mails only one gets lost,
> >>that's acceptable to me.
> >>Furthermore, the traffic spam consumes must be reduced to its
> >>absoluut minimum. Determining if an email is spam can only be done
> >>at the receiving side on the server or on the client. A spammer can
> >>be a legitimate sender at one time, and a spammer at another.
> >>
> >>Which ultimately leads me to the conclusion that the receiving
> >>mailserver should be the first place to start. This is the place
> >>where the spammer has no control over.
> >>If he knocks on my door and doesn't know the password, I can simply
> >>keep the door locked.
> >>Whatever authentication or certification my mailserver wants to
> >>receive an email, the spammer will have to comply to. (As long as
> >>my security on the server is sound of course...But even then, if
> >>security is low, the spammer will have to be a hacker as well,
> >>totally different skills, and much more timeconsuming).
> >>
> >>So the question is probably, how do we do that?
> >>Firstly, I want my mailserver to garantee the sender. That will
> >>give me much more control. The server could do this as follows:
> >>whenever a remote mailserver sends an email to a receiving
> >>mailserver, the receiving mailserver should lookup the domain of
> >>which the sender claims the email is from, contact the mailserver
> >>of that domain, and check it is actually trying to send the email.
> >>This will garantee the source to my mailserver, giving me full
> >>control over the check. It will be very difficult for the spammer
> >>to forge this.
> >>Now a problem rises for users that send from a mailserver that's is
> >>not part of the source domain. Like mobile users sending mail from
> >>their hotelroom, home users sending with an office emailaddress,
> >>etc. This can be solved by informing the mailserver of the domain
> >>in the FROM field that a message is being send. Basically, you
> >>could send the header of the email which will provide enough
> >>information. For this to happen reliably, the user would have to
> >>login to the mailserver. In the end, if the mailserver of the
> >>domain in the FROM field is not notified, the sender will not be
> >>able to get the email to me.
> >>
> >>So now that I know the source,  I could setup a list of users on
> >>the mailserver that are save. Whenever the mailserver receives an
> >>email for me, it'll check against the list of known addresses. If
> >>the sending party is in my list, the email can go right to my
> >>mailbox. If not, additional action is needed (and has to be
> >>defined). Very safe, and without too much need for server
> >>resources.
> >>I can still send email from anywhere in the world to anyone. Thus,
> >>I can create a whitelist of folks whom I trust. Of course, I would
> >>need to setup all my emailboxes with the necessary filters.
> >>
> >>This mechanisme ensures that an email can be traced back to the
> >>sending domain, it has to have a valid sending emailaddress of
> >>which the domainname is registered in DNS and the authorized
> >>mailserver of that domain must have send the email.
> >>If more mailservers exists within the sending domain, it is likely
> >>that the receiving mailserver connects to a different mailserver
> >>from the sending domain. So there also has to be a mechanisme for
> >>the sending mailservers to communicate amongst each other.
> >>Basically, it should do a sort of broadcast to is fellow
> >>mailservers of the domain, and ask if anyone is sending the email.
> >>
> >>Since we now know who is sending the spam (forging emailaddresses
> >>just became much more difficult) we can put up a blacklist with
> >>known spammers. An email server should be able to either mirror it
> >>in case the blacklist goes down (due to a DoS attack of some sort)
> >>or use it realtime. Every user should have an option somewhere, in
> >>its client, thru a website of the ISP, whatever, to select a
> >>particular blacklist and tell the emailserver to use that list or
> >>lists for the users mailbox. The email server will first use the
> >>users whitelist, and then the blacklist.
> >>If a user considers an email spam, it should be able to reply the
> >>email and sent it out again, using a special tag in the subject
> >>stating SPAM or something. The email server will pick this up and
> >>instead of sending the reply to the spammer (though he might get
> >>perhaps a copy?) it will sent it to the blacklist.
> >>If the sending address gets, say, twenty emails from different
> >>persons stating the sender is a spammer, it could be added to the
> >>list.
> >>
> >>Spammers who use a temporary hotmail account might still form a
> >>problem, but they will not be able to send email using that account
> >>if they do not notify the hotmail emailserver. Webmail accounts
> >>usually can only be used from a webpage which sends the email using
> >>an unknown (to the sender) mailserver. I have a feeling spammers
> >>are not going to use a webpage to construct thousands of email
> >>spam....
> >>
> >>Remember, this is just a thought (though a long one...) of how it
> >>could be done. The above described method can be slowly implemented
> >>in the existing systems.
> >>If users also authenticate to SMTP servers, the ISP or
> >>administrator can also make sure no unauthorised person gets to use
> >>the mailserver. In the end, it will make spamming a whole lot
> >>harder.
> >>
> >>Happy thinking!
> >>
> >>Olger Diekstra.
> >>
> >>
> >>_______________________________________________ Asrg mailing list
> >>Asrg@ietf.org https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >>

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From: David Finnie <David.Finnie@platypuspartners.com>
To: scrosby@cs.rice.edu
CC: hparry@andrew.cmu.edu, asrg@ietf.org
In-reply-to: <oydznnq808p.fsf_-_@bert.cs.rice.edu> (message from Scott A
	Crosby on 20 Mar 2003 10:35:18 -0600)
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Stamping
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 23:21:32 +1100

Scott,

> > However, if you're looking to make spamming extremely tedious, time
> > consuming, and difficult for the sender, I think it's worth revisiting
> > that thread.
> 
> That consumes the only resource that is gaining in cost each year.

I agree that technical solutions that use more CPU, bandwidth and
storage than mail transport currently does are fine if they reduce
spam, and (therefore) also reduce human time resource
consumption. Ultimately if spam volumes are reduced, then there will
be some saving in CPU, bandwidth and storage resource which will
offset any increases due to new protocols. Besides that, as you've
pointed out, those resource keep getting cheaper, whereas human
resources are the opposite.

> I don't like that, but how about some notion of stamping? Each message
> recieved must include a valid stamp. Stamps are only usable once.

This is an interesting idea. I have some questions for you about your
proposal:

Can you please describe more fully your concept of a "partial hash
collision", and "sufficient number of bits". I think I understand that
the first 64 bits of the stamp is input to MD5, and also that the
recipient's email address is input to MD5. If we let "x" be the number
of bits in "sufficient number of bits", are you saying that:

 MD5(stamp[0:63])[0:x-1] = MD5(recipient email)[0:x-1]

(i.e. the left-hand most part of each MD5 hash match)

or perhaps:

 MD5(stamp[0:63])[128-x:127] = MD5(recipient email)[128-x:127]

(i.e. the right-hand most part of each MD5 hash match)

or perhaps that it is up to the receiver to determine which bits match
? And presumably "x" is worked out by the recipient when it does it's
calculation to produce some stamps ? Or are you suggesting that "x" be
a fixed quantity for this protocol ?

Forgive my ignorance, but I'm not familiar with working with partial
hashes, and I don't know of any gotchas. My main concerns would be:
say for a particular recipient email address, could the MD5 hash it
produces severely limit the maximum value of "x" that can be used for
a partial match against hashes of 64 bit quantities ? Given the good
randomness of MD5, I would guess probably not, but it is worth
investigating (if you haven't already). My reasoning is that if that
were the case, then some unfortunate recipients may be easy targets
for spamming because it would be easier to "guess" the first 64 bits
of their stamp.

Are you proposing that the stamp-control protocol piggy-back within
SMTP ? My main reason for asking is that for a sender to acquire a
stamp from a receiver, the request really needs to somehow end up at
the mail server for the receiver (so that the database of valid stamps
can be checked when a mail message containing a stamp is received). I
think it would make sense for it to piggy back within SMTP.

I am also assuming that a stamp cannot be verified as belonging to, or
not belonging to, a particular recipient, except by the recipient
itself. (I say this because one of the options is for the recipient to
create totally random stamps.) Is this correct ?

As an aside from these questions, I haven't found any holes,
yet... :-)

David Finnie
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Date: 21 Mar 2003 07:38:27 -0600

On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 23:21:32 +1100, David Finnie <David.Finnie@platypuspartners.com> writes:

> Scott,
> 
> > I don't like that, but how about some notion of stamping? Each message
> > recieved must include a valid stamp. Stamps are only usable once.
> 
> This is an interesting idea. I have some questions for you about your
> proposal:
> 
> Can you please describe more fully your concept of a "partial hash
> collision", and "sufficient number of bits". I think I understand that
> the first 64 bits of the stamp is input to MD5, and also that the
> recipient's email address is input to MD5. If we let "x" be the number
> of bits in "sufficient number of bits", are you saying that:

The sender gets 32 bits, called HashNonce from the recipient through a
stamp-missing bounce. Then then wish to compute the 64 bit quantity
XXX, such that:

N=(HashNonce || XXX)

and 

MD5(N)[0:x-1] = MD5(recipient email)[0:x-1]

N is now a valid stamp. The reason I use HashNonce there is to allow a
recipient to eventually time out old used stamps to reduce storage
needs for already used stamps. I would expect it to change yearly. 

>  MD5(stamp[0:63])[0:x-1] = MD5(recipient email)[0:x-1]
>  MD5(stamp[0:63])[128-y:127] = MD5(recipient email)[128-y:127]

This does not matter, what matters is the number of bits that are
forced to be matched. IE, x=20 in your first example is as equally
hard problem as y=20 in the second.

> or perhaps that it is up to the receiver to determine which bits match
> ? And presumably "x" is worked out by the recipient when it does it's
> calculation to produce some stamps ? Or are you suggesting that "x" be
> a fixed quantity for this protocol ?

$x$ is a fixed quantity, say 32, such that computing such an XXX
requires a signifigant amount of work. Benchmarking, it looks like
1ghz machine can do 5 million/second MD5's, so for $x$=32, this means
about 15 minutes/stamp, but will go down with increasing computing
power. I want it to be this long, because nominally, this cost is only
payed once between a pair of participants. Generally, anyone you've
sent email to won't have to burn this CPU time to reply.

MD5 may not be the best function however; anyone have any idea how
greatly can be greatly sped up using hardware? (And for what cost?)

> Forgive my ignorance, but I'm not familiar with working with partial
> hashes, and I don't know of any gotchas. My main concerns would be:
> say for a particular recipient email address, could the MD5 hash it
> produces severely limit the maximum value of "x" that can be used for
> a partial match against hashes of 64 bit quantities ? Given the good
> randomness of MD5, I would guess probably not, but it is worth
> investigating (if you haven't already). My reasoning is that if that
> were the case, then some unfortunate recipients may be easy targets
> for spamming because it would be easier to "guess" the first 64 bits
> of their stamp.

Assuming that MD5 is a random function of its inputs, $x=32$ means
that the probability of successfully forging a stamp is one in 4
billion.

> Are you proposing that the stamp-control protocol piggy-back within
> SMTP ? My main reason for asking is that for a sender to acquire a

Undecided. There are four sets of data that need to be kept:

  1. Canceled/Used stamps.
  2. Outstanding stamps (that were sent in response to a request)
  3. HashNonce
  4. Unused stamps

IMHO, #1, #2 may be kept by the user or the ISP. #3 should be kept by
the ISP, so that first-time senders can learn the currently valid
HashNonce with paying a user-agent to ISP trip instead of = paying a
full user-agent user-agent round trip. So, if #3 is not kept by the
ISP, email latency could require two round trips.

#4 is who keeps track of which stamps are unused for a particular
recipient. If this is kept by the ISP, how does the ISP avoid paying
the time for a partial hash collision.

> stamp from a receiver, the request really needs to somehow end up at
> the mail server for the receiver (so that the database of valid stamps
> can be checked when a mail message containing a stamp is received). I
> think it would make sense for it to piggy back within SMTP.

I'm not entirely certain, and leave this to others.

> I am also assuming that a stamp cannot be verified as belonging to, or
> not belonging to, a particular recipient, except by the recipient
> itself. (I say this because one of the options is for the recipient to
> create totally random stamps.) Is this correct ?

There are two notions of stamp: Random nonces created by a recipient,
and partial hash collisions. In the first case, identification can
come from the fact that all nonces are fresh. In the second case,
identification may come from the HashNonce.

There is no identification attached to a stamp, except for the
knowledge that the probability of someone successfully forging one is
extremely small. If I create stamp *EMovyZQWSXggt1uV*, I can be
assured that nobody will guess it, I can also keep track of who I
origionally sent it to. I also keep track when its been used.

So, when a stamp is recieved, it is 

  1. If a nonce, looked up in the hash table of all unused stamps. If
  yes, accept, if no, bounce.

  2. If a partial-hash stamp, the HashNonce is looked up in the hash
  table of all currently accepted HashNonce's. If its not there,
  bounce. Then the the partial hash collision is checked. If invalid,
  bounce. Finally, the stamp is checked in the used-stamps
  hashtable. If there, bounce, if not accept.


Scott


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There is a reason these ideas keep getting proposed.  The idea is solid. 
(Different descriptions do overlook certain items but those items can all be 
solved.)  Implemented properly it is no more of a load than a blacklist and a 
lot less subject to the whims of a madman than the blacklists that exist now.

As far as "simple" vs "complex", for all the complexities you may add every 
mail must travel the simple path when traveling between domains.

Take mailing list mail, since that seems to be one of the more complex ideas.  
You send a message from your workstation which travels among any number of 
complex patterns until it must leave your domain and travel to the domain of 
the mailing list post address.  It must traverse the "simple" path to get 
there.  Then the mailing list software processes it and sends it out to the 
list.  Each of those deliveries must also traverse the "simple" path.

Currently most mailing list servers rely on the MAIL FROM to 
pseudo-authenticate mailing list members.  With a working dns scheme they 
could at least ensure that the sender was using an outgoing mail server 
approved by their domain administrator.

The MAIL FROM does not represent the entire path of the message.  It only 
really represents a bounce path back to the server that is currently 
accepting responsibility for that message.  In essence, in our mailing list 
example there are 2 separate messages.  
Simple Path #1: The poster is claiming "I am poster@example.com and I have a 
message for mail.list@example.org"

Simple Path #2:  The mail server is claiming "I am mail.list@example.org and I 
have a message for mail.list.member@example.net"

These should not be viewed as a single message.  They are 2 distinct messages.

On Friday 21 March 2003 04:00 am, william@elan.net wrote:
> Again I strongly advice you to view my slides and compare difference
> between "simple" and "complex" mail path and take a look at real-life
> example of what happens to email when you send it to asrg mail list, you'll
> see how headers change and how you can not rely on either MAIL FROM or
> "From:" header as far as what your receiving mail server sees in
> comparision to remote mail server. What you and many others see as solution
> are based on misunderstanding on how email travels across the internet -
> way too many only see it as "simple" mail path.
>

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From: "Damien Morton" <dm-temp-310102@nyc.rr.com>
To: "'Scott A Crosby'" <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>,
        "'David Finnie'" <David.Finnie@platypuspartners.com>
Cc: <hparry@andrew.cmu.edu>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: Stamping
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 09:29:34 -0500
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Could a daily, globally published, random number somehow come into this
computation. Incorporating this number into the hash computation somehow
would then validate a stamp for 24 hours (or some other period).

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Scott A Crosby
> Sent: Friday, 21 March 2003 08:38
> To: David Finnie
> Cc: hparry@andrew.cmu.edu; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Re: Stamping
> 
> 
> On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 23:21:32 +1100, David Finnie 
> <David.Finnie@platypuspartners.com> writes:
> 
> > Scott,
> > 
> > > I don't like that, but how about some notion of stamping? Each 
> > > message recieved must include a valid stamp. Stamps are 
> only usable 
> > > once.
> > 
> > This is an interesting idea. I have some questions for you 
> about your
> > proposal:
> > 
> > Can you please describe more fully your concept of a "partial hash 
> > collision", and "sufficient number of bits". I think I 
> understand that 
> > the first 64 bits of the stamp is input to MD5, and also that the 
> > recipient's email address is input to MD5. If we let "x" be 
> the number 
> > of bits in "sufficient number of bits", are you saying that:
> 
> The sender gets 32 bits, called HashNonce from the recipient 
> through a stamp-missing bounce. Then then wish to compute the 
> 64 bit quantity XXX, such that:
> 
> N=(HashNonce || XXX)
> 
> and 
> 
> MD5(N)[0:x-1] = MD5(recipient email)[0:x-1]
> 
> N is now a valid stamp. The reason I use HashNonce there is 
> to allow a recipient to eventually time out old used stamps 
> to reduce storage needs for already used stamps. I would 
> expect it to change yearly. 
> 
> >  MD5(stamp[0:63])[0:x-1] = MD5(recipient email)[0:x-1]  
> > MD5(stamp[0:63])[128-y:127] = MD5(recipient email)[128-y:127]
> 
> This does not matter, what matters is the number of bits that 
> are forced to be matched. IE, x=20 in your first example is 
> as equally hard problem as y=20 in the second.
> 
> > or perhaps that it is up to the receiver to determine which 
> bits match 
> > ? And presumably "x" is worked out by the recipient when it 
> does it's 
> > calculation to produce some stamps ? Or are you suggesting 
> that "x" be 
> > a fixed quantity for this protocol ?
> 
> $x$ is a fixed quantity, say 32, such that computing such an 
> XXX requires a signifigant amount of work. Benchmarking, it 
> looks like 1ghz machine can do 5 million/second MD5's, so for 
> $x$=32, this means about 15 minutes/stamp, but will go down 
> with increasing computing power. I want it to be this long, 
> because nominally, this cost is only payed once between a 
> pair of participants. Generally, anyone you've sent email to 
> won't have to burn this CPU time to reply.
> 
> MD5 may not be the best function however; anyone have any 
> idea how greatly can be greatly sped up using hardware? (And 
> for what cost?)
> 
> > Forgive my ignorance, but I'm not familiar with working 
> with partial 
> > hashes, and I don't know of any gotchas. My main concerns would be: 
> > say for a particular recipient email address, could the MD5 hash it 
> > produces severely limit the maximum value of "x" that can 
> be used for 
> > a partial match against hashes of 64 bit quantities ? Given 
> the good 
> > randomness of MD5, I would guess probably not, but it is worth 
> > investigating (if you haven't already). My reasoning is 
> that if that 
> > were the case, then some unfortunate recipients may be easy targets 
> > for spamming because it would be easier to "guess" the 
> first 64 bits 
> > of their stamp.
> 
> Assuming that MD5 is a random function of its inputs, $x=32$ 
> means that the probability of successfully forging a stamp is 
> one in 4 billion.
> 
> > Are you proposing that the stamp-control protocol piggy-back within 
> > SMTP ? My main reason for asking is that for a sender to acquire a
> 
> Undecided. There are four sets of data that need to be kept:
> 
>   1. Canceled/Used stamps.
>   2. Outstanding stamps (that were sent in response to a request)
>   3. HashNonce
>   4. Unused stamps
> 
> IMHO, #1, #2 may be kept by the user or the ISP. #3 should be 
> kept by the ISP, so that first-time senders can learn the 
> currently valid HashNonce with paying a user-agent to ISP 
> trip instead of = paying a full user-agent user-agent round 
> trip. So, if #3 is not kept by the ISP, email latency could 
> require two round trips.
> 
> #4 is who keeps track of which stamps are unused for a 
> particular recipient. If this is kept by the ISP, how does 
> the ISP avoid paying the time for a partial hash collision.
> 
> > stamp from a receiver, the request really needs to somehow 
> end up at 
> > the mail server for the receiver (so that the database of 
> valid stamps 
> > can be checked when a mail message containing a stamp is 
> received). I 
> > think it would make sense for it to piggy back within SMTP.
> 
> I'm not entirely certain, and leave this to others.
> 
> > I am also assuming that a stamp cannot be verified as 
> belonging to, or 
> > not belonging to, a particular recipient, except by the recipient 
> > itself. (I say this because one of the options is for the 
> recipient to 
> > create totally random stamps.) Is this correct ?
> 
> There are two notions of stamp: Random nonces created by a 
> recipient, and partial hash collisions. In the first case, 
> identification can come from the fact that all nonces are 
> fresh. In the second case, identification may come from the HashNonce.
> 
> There is no identification attached to a stamp, except for 
> the knowledge that the probability of someone successfully 
> forging one is extremely small. If I create stamp 
> *EMovyZQWSXggt1uV*, I can be assured that nobody will guess 
> it, I can also keep track of who I origionally sent it to. I 
> also keep track when its been used.
> 
> So, when a stamp is recieved, it is 
> 
>   1. If a nonce, looked up in the hash table of all unused stamps. If
>   yes, accept, if no, bounce.
> 
>   2. If a partial-hash stamp, the HashNonce is looked up in the hash
>   table of all currently accepted HashNonce's. If its not there,
>   bounce. Then the the partial hash collision is checked. If invalid,
>   bounce. Finally, the stamp is checked in the used-stamps
>   hashtable. If there, bounce, if not accept.
> 
> 
> Scott
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

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        <hparry@andrew.cmu.edu>, <asrg@ietf.org>
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From: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
Organization: Rice University
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Date: 21 Mar 2003 09:10:45 -0600

On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 09:29:34 -0500, "Damien Morton" <dm-temp-310102@nyc.rr.com> writes:

> Could a daily, globally published, random number somehow come into this
> computation. Incorporating this number into the hash computation somehow
> would then validate a stamp for 24 hours (or some other period).

No. Stamps are intended to be good for months/years. The reason for
that design decision is to reduce resouce use, to avoid having to
remember *every* past used stamp to detect double-spending.

Unused random nonces (the first type of stamp) may be flushed after a
year or two and no longer accepted.

On the other hand, how does one avoid having to remember every past
hash-stamp, forever? Thus, the only reason I include a HashNonce in
the protocol is to allow me to invalidate past (say, 2 years old)
hash-stamps. If I could, I'd take them out of the protocol, they
require additional semantics, and they're one main reason that
prevents this protocol from being implemented soley by user-agents.

On reflection, the correct design decision may be to remove the
HashNonce and remember all hash-collision stamps forever. At 20 bytes
each. (hash table implementation), the cost to store used Hash-Stamps
is pennies/million. Accidently losing that table allows stamps to be
double-spent, but if that occurs only rarely, its not an issue.

Scott
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it went badly! ) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 21 Mar 2003 00:35:15 PST."
             <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303202330510.1748-100000@sokol.elan.net> 
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On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 00:35:15 PST, william@elan.net said:

> All transit providers amd large networks employ filtering at bgp advertisment
> level and you would only be able to send them routes that you have previously
> told them about and where they were able to confirm you're the owner of 
> the ip block.

Ah yes.  Wander over to NANOG and hear the complaints about swamp /24's
being filtered, and 69/8 issues, and... ;)

(For the non-NANOG crew - BGP filtering is something that *should* be done,
and everybody *claims* they do, but I'd estimate that less than 5% of
the routers actually do it right).

For bonus points - did the BGP announcement come in over an MD5-auth'ed
BGP session? (Another fine idea that doesn't work in practice when you need
to have a separate shared-secret for each AS that you're peering with).

> The only way I could see how somebody would advertise false route is if 
> they tell their upstream that they have such as and such customer as 
> downstream and their upstream is stupid enough not to verify it - at 
> some size level upstream would trust its downstream ISP, i.e. if I 

AS7007.  How far did THAT propagate?  (for the non-NANOG people, AS7007 was
one of the more famous/spectacular routing meltdowns, where basically ALL
the routes got accidentally misrouted).

This morning's CIDR-Report shows AS701 (UUNET) advertises 1,555 routes. AS7018
(ATT Worldnet) has 1,353. AS1221 (Telstra) has 1,104. I'm willing to bet that
if you could inject a route to one of those, the rest of the net would bite.
And you don't even need to advertise it everywhere - you pick (say) a /20 at an
AS that looks vulnerable, inject a /24 for your spam-net, let the victim route
that /24 internally, the rest of the net never sees anything more than the /20.



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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 11:36:38 -0500
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I have to ask this one question: why e-stamps?  It seems a solution 
looking for a problem to solve.

It seems to me the whole idea behind stopping spam would be for ISPs to 
levy a "use tax" on email being sent. Right now the reason spam is so 
prevalent is that there is no difference in cost between sending one 
email or ten million. While I don't want to get into a war about single 
price, unlimited usage vs. pay for services model, it would be very 
appropriate.

For what it is worth...
Chuck Wegrzyn

Scott A Crosby wrote:

>On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 09:29:34 -0500, "Damien Morton" <dm-temp-310102@nyc.rr.com> writes:
>
>  
>
>>Could a daily, globally published, random number somehow come into this
>>computation. Incorporating this number into the hash computation somehow
>>would then validate a stamp for 24 hours (or some other period).
>>    
>>
>
>No. Stamps are intended to be good for months/years. The reason for
>that design decision is to reduce resouce use, to avoid having to
>remember *every* past used stamp to detect double-spending.
>
>Unused random nonces (the first type of stamp) may be flushed after a
>year or two and no longer accepted.
>
>On the other hand, how does one avoid having to remember every past
>hash-stamp, forever? Thus, the only reason I include a HashNonce in
>the protocol is to allow me to invalidate past (say, 2 years old)
>hash-stamps. If I could, I'd take them out of the protocol, they
>require additional semantics, and they're one main reason that
>prevents this protocol from being implemented soley by user-agents.
>
>On reflection, the correct design decision may be to remove the
>HashNonce and remember all hash-collision stamps forever. At 20 bytes
>each. (hash table implementation), the cost to store used Hash-Stamps
>is pennies/million. Accidently losing that table allows stamps to be
>double-spent, but if that occurs only rarely, its not an issue.
>
>Scott
>_______________________________________________
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>
>  
>


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Subject: [Asrg] As seen on /. : IBM Researcher Offers an E-Stamp Spam Solution
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Slashdot has found that electronic stamp system to which I posted a link 
yesterday... Discussion here:

http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=03/03/21/1429248&mode=flat&tid=111

Article on Internet Week here:

http://www.internetwk.com/breakingNews/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=7900141

The original link here:

http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/414/forum.pdf

Frank

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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 11:21:10 -0500

At 10:41 PM -0800 3/20/03, Justin Mason wrote:
>In fact, it's to clean lists of "trouble-makers", to reduce abuse
>complaints.

That used to be true.  But I now get as much spam sent to 
abuse@domain-name as to any other address.  So some may be doing 
that, but it's certainly not the majority.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Stamping
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On Friday, March 21, 2003, at 08:36  AM, C Wegrzyn wrote:

> It seems to me the whole idea behind stopping spam would be for ISPs 
> to levy a "use tax" on email being sent.

What about people (like me) who act as their own ISPs? I buy network 
from my upstream server. I run my own DNS. I run my own SMTP. I run my 
own web and other services.

I have to charge myself to send email now? that's gonna stop the 
spammers...




-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/


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On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 11:36:38 EST, C Wegrzyn said:

> It seems to me the whole idea behind stopping spam would be for ISPs to 
> levy a "use tax" on email being sent.

You're assuming that the spammers are sending mail via the ISP's mail
server.   The really hard-core spammers are just buying bandwidth from
the ISP. So those ISPs *ARE* levying a use tax - they're charging for
the T-1 or T-3 or whatever.

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C Wegrzyn wrote:
> I have to ask this one question: why e-stamps?  It seems a solution 
> looking for a problem to solve.
> 
> It seems to me the whole idea behind stopping spam would be for ISPs to 
> levy a "use tax" on email being sent. Right now the reason spam is so 
> prevalent is that there is no difference in cost between sending one 
> email or ten million. While I don't want to get into a war about single 
> price, unlimited usage vs. pay for services model, it would be very 
> appropriate.

maybe we should try to use a different name for these things? Stamps are 
from a bygone era when you had to pay for mail to be sent. Email is free 
to send, and I'd prefer it to stay that way. Call them 'authentication 
tokens' or something like that, which does not have this 'pay-per-view' 
idea attached to it.

And no, I don't think we absolutely need these tokens. Since we are 
still in the research phase it is good to hear about all possibilities 
though...

Frank
-- 
    WWWWW      ________________________
   ## o o\    /     Frank de Lange     \
   }#   \|   /      +46-734352015       \
    \ `--| _/     <Hacker for Hire>      \
     `---'  \       +31-640037120        /
             \    frank@unternet.org    /
              `------------------------'
   [ "Omnis enim res, quae dando non deficit, dum habetur
      et non datur, nondum habetur, quomodo habenda est."  ]

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Subject: [Asrg] rDNS revisited
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Alrighty then...are there flaws with using rDNS?  Yes there are, many of
which various posters have covered.  I am not claiming that it is the end
all/be all solution it just worked on *MY* mail servers.  spam (note that
Spam is trademarked by Hormel...they request the email version be lowercase)
on my test account went from 180 messages per day to *TWO*  I don't think
anyone can argue that those numbers show that the test is effective.
Interestingly (and amusingly :) enough I also stopped receiving my M$
security bulletins and my ComputerWorld newsletter.  This was the pain I had
to put up with in order to reap the benefit.  Albeit this is my
experience...YMMV  What this test really cuts out is the ability for a
dynamic/pseudo-static client from masquerading as a "legitimate" mail
server.  Perhaps I haven't touched all the spam knobs on my MTA but when a
client says HELO 4.nnn.nnn.16 my mail server knows that this is patently
untrue however it is not instructed to check for that and just says 250 OK
(well it doesn't now :-/ )  This is ridiculous.  rDNS in this application
isn't meant to be an infallible identification of the sending server.  It is
meant to cull out the blatantly lying machines.  If you have to lie to me to
get me to take your mail I can assure you that I don't want it.

Regards
Mike

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A possible way to a solution?
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David,

Friday, March 21, 2003, 6:26:42 AM, you wrote:
DW> There is a reason these ideas keep getting proposed.  The idea is solid.

Many ideas that are otherwise wonderful prove unworkable when they
must be applied to a working system. Many ideas that are otherwise
wonderful prove unworkable when they must be applied to a system with
a hundred million users.

Too often, ideas are evaluated on their basic appeal, rather than
their serious feasibility in terms of deployment and use within an
existing, large-scale service.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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To: C Wegrzyn <wegrzyn@garbagedump.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Stamping
Cc: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>,
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 12:07:43 -0500

At 11:36 AM -0500 3/21/03, C Wegrzyn wrote:
>I have to ask this one question: why e-stamps?  It seems a solution 
>looking for a problem to solve.

That certainly seems to be the attitude of the systems I've seen. 
However e-stamps do address an ISP concern (namely, they don't get 
reimbursed for incoming email, and they can't charge the user, but 
the user doesn't *want* most of the incoming email).  Of course 
hashcash type solutions don't address that.  Just e-stamp solutions 
where the final MTA actually gets real money.

>It seems to me the whole idea behind stopping spam would be for ISPs 
>to levy a "use tax" on email being sent. Right now the reason spam 
>is so prevalent is

This assumes that ISPs have control over the email being sent.  If 
all ISPs did (and all ISPs wore white hats), then we wouldn't be 
sitting here.  From the white-hat ISP perspective, outbound spam is a 
bug in their security.  e-stamps won't fix that.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 09:19:50 -0800


First time I saw this - what does anyone make of it?

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In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 21 Mar 2003 11:02:33 EST."
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On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 11:02:33 EST, M Wild <asrg@wildm.com>  said:

> Interestingly (and amusingly :) enough I also stopped receiving my M$
> security bulletins and my ComputerWorld newsletter.  This was the pain I had

So you miss the security bulletin, and as a result a user doesn't get
patched, and gets hit by some spam-injecting Trojan and now your rDNS
check doesn't stop the spam because your user has valid rDNS. ;)

*DAMN* those false positives can get expensive. ;)

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From: C Wegrzyn <wegrzyn@garbagedump.com>
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CC: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>,
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        "'David Finnie'" <David.Finnie@platypuspartners.com>,
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Stamping
References: <6EFEA078-5BBC-11D7-B8A9-0003934516A8@plaidworks.com>
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I too was an ISP in the very early days. I remember paying $10,000/year 
just to have routing done between the various private networks.  It 
really isn't a difficult concept to understand - it is a tax you collect 
and is collected from you. Europeans have had a VAT for years. It could 
work just like a VAT.

As to just buying bandwidth, well we all know that isn't quite true. It 
does have to go through a router some where. Intercepting the SMTP 
traffic would be trivial.

Chuck Wegrzyn

Chuq Von Rospach wrote:

>
> On Friday, March 21, 2003, at 08:36  AM, C Wegrzyn wrote:
>
>> It seems to me the whole idea behind stopping spam would be for ISPs 
>> to levy a "use tax" on email being sent.
>
>
> What about people (like me) who act as their own ISPs? I buy network 
> from my upstream server. I run my own DNS. I run my own SMTP. I run my 
> own web and other services.
>
> I have to charge myself to send email now? that's gonna stop the 
> spammers...
>
>
>
>


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] A possible way to a solution?
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References: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303210137290.1748-100000@sokol.elan.net> <200303210826.42979@grx> <11310158877.20030321091304@brandenburg.com>
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You are absolutely correct.  In my opinion these schemes are being rejected 
because they lack some basic appeal, without regard to their feasibility in 
terms of deployment and use within an existing large-scale service.

On Friday 21 March 2003 11:13 am, Dave Crocker wrote:
> David,
>
> Friday, March 21, 2003, 6:26:42 AM, you wrote:
> DW> There is a reason these ideas keep getting proposed.  The idea is
> solid.
>
> Many ideas that are otherwise wonderful prove unworkable when they
> must be applied to a working system. Many ideas that are otherwise
> wonderful prove unworkable when they must be applied to a system with
> a hundred million users.
>
> Too often, ideas are evaluated on their basic appeal, rather than
> their serious feasibility in terms of deployment and use within an
> existing, large-scale service.
>
> d/
> --
>  Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
>  Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
>  Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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Subject: Re: Bounces, was Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 11:36:25 -0600
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My point is that if my mail server receives a message with a <> envelope 
sender it should not deliver the message intact to the user.  It should wrap 
that message to make it obvious that is an error report.  If it is a spam but 
is delivered looking like an error report it loses it's effectiveness as a 
spam.

On Thursday 20 March 2003 03:15 pm, Chris Lewis wrote:
> They do exactly that.  Problem being that the "generic here is a mail
> error" technique also happens to have a desirable feature for spammers -
> no bounce back, aka the <> envelope sender.


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From: C Wegrzyn <wegrzyn@garbagedump.com>
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        "'David Finnie'" <David.Finnie@platypuspartners.com>,
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Stamping
References: <011301c2efb6$4bea2e40$6401a8c0@damien> <oydu1dwhi16.fsf@bert.cs.rice.edu> <3E7B3F96.3030803@garbagedump.com> <p06000b04baa0f659aa6b@[192.168.1.104]>
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Having been an ISP (destek.net) for many years, it isn't all that 
difficult to filter traffic going through a network. It is done all the 
time.

Chuck Wegrzyn

Kee Hinckley wrote:

> At 11:36 AM -0500 3/21/03, C Wegrzyn wrote:
>
>> I have to ask this one question: why e-stamps?  It seems a solution 
>> looking for a problem to solve.
>
>
> That certainly seems to be the attitude of the systems I've seen. 
> However e-stamps do address an ISP concern (namely, they don't get 
> reimbursed for incoming email, and they can't charge the user, but the 
> user doesn't *want* most of the incoming email).  Of course hashcash 
> type solutions don't address that.  Just e-stamp solutions where the 
> final MTA actually gets real money.
>
>> It seems to me the whole idea behind stopping spam would be for ISPs 
>> to levy a "use tax" on email being sent. Right now the reason spam is 
>> so prevalent is
>
>
> This assumes that ISPs have control over the email being sent.  If all 
> ISPs did (and all ISPs wore white hats), then we wouldn't be sitting 
> here.  From the white-hat ISP perspective, outbound spam is a bug in 
> their security.  e-stamps won't fix that.



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Subject: Re: Bounces, was Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 21 Mar 2003 11:36:25 CST."
             <200303211136.25765@grx> 
References: <E18w6Eu-0008Mm-00@chiark.greenend.org.uk> <200303201508.11078@grx> <3E7A2F76.4020805@americasm01.nt.com>
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 12:41:00 -0500

--==_Exmh_-660023872P
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 11:36:25 CST, David Walker <antispam@grax.com>  said:
> My point is that if my mail server receives a message with a <> envelope 
> sender it should not deliver the message intact to the user.  It should wrap 
> that message to make it obvious that is an error report.  If it is a spam but
 
> is delivered looking like an error report it loses it's effectiveness as a 
> spam.

You *DID* know that there's some legitimate mail that isn't an error report
that goes with a MAIL FROM:<>, right?

In particular, LSoft's Listserv product sends the "confirmation cookie" messages
for opt-in lists with MAIL FROM:<> specifically *BECAUSE* if it's mailing to
'fred@foobar.com' to confirm that it's a valid address and an intended request,
the bounce will be dropped on the floor if in fact it's a bogus address.

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To: Frank de Lange <frank@unternet.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] As seen on /. : IBM Researcher Offers an E-Stamp Spam Solution 
In-Reply-To: Message from Frank de Lange <frank@unternet.org> 
   of "Fri, 21 Mar 2003 17:40:27 +0100." <3E7B407B.2080208@unternet.org> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 09:49:42 -0800


Frank de Lange said:

> Slashdot has found that electronic stamp system to which I posted a link 
> yesterday... Discussion here:
> http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=03/03/21/1429248&mode=flat&tid=111
> Article on Internet Week here:
> http://www.internetwk.com/breakingNews/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=7900141
> The original link here:
> http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/414/forum.pdf

What's the patent situation with this, though?  It *is* IBM we're talking
about here, after all :(

--j.
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 09:35:47 -0800

At 09:19 AM 3/21/2003 -0800, Rob wrote:
>First time I saw this - what does anyone make of it?

looks like a lot of the spam I receive from Asian countries. 

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From: Frank de Lange <frank@unternet.org>
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 18:59:32 +0100
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Justin Mason wrote:
> What's the patent situation with this, though?  It *is* IBM we're talking
> about here, after all :(
> 
> --j.

Valid concern. If it is encumbered, we shall not use it (does that sound 
like one of the ten commandments?)

But still, good to see things are happening, even if some of the 
proposals are not what I would like to see implemented on a wide scale.

Frank

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Subject: RE: Bounces, was Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries
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Such protection is the job of your mail program, not the mindless
transports. You can do instream processing at your end like popfile but
the mail server cannot and must not meddle.

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
David Walker
Sent: Friday, March 21, 2003 12:36
To: Chris Lewis; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Bounces, was Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries

My point is that if my mail server receives a message with a <> envelope

sender it should not deliver the message intact to the user.  It should
wrap 
that message to make it obvious that is an error report.  If it is a
spam but 
is delivered looking like an error report it loses it's effectiveness as
a 
spam.

On Thursday 20 March 2003 03:15 pm, Chris Lewis wrote:
> They do exactly that.  Problem being that the "generic here is a mail
> error" technique also happens to have a desirable feature for spammers
-
> no bounce back, aka the <> envelope sender.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Scrambled headers?
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Cc: asrg@ietf.org
To: Rob <rob@redwire.net>
From: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 10:19:03 -0800
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someone's trying that new sendmail exploit.


On Friday, March 21, 2003, at 09:19  AM, Rob wrote:

>
> First time I saw this - what does anyone make of it?
>
> Message-Id: <200303210957.h2L9vxLB023336@sm23.localdomain>
> Comments: Received: from 
> Pb:;692?o4962A7C:D366D]4@>|:>=F4<J49F4<Jo2@=]4@>Nz B
>           Received: from --
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/



-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/

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We need to distinguish between the access provider (IAP) which provide
bit (or packet) transport and the ISP which providers services outside
the network. Most people buy both services from the same company and
there is no wall between the two in that the ISP is tempted to help the
IAP part of the business reduce traffic. But that's no different than
buying a newspaper which chooses and positions stories to maximize the
advertising revenue.

 

Like many, I only want an IAP and not an ISP. This discussion should
make a distinction between basic protocols and services that an ISP can
provide. It shouldn't presume that the purpose of the ISP is to make the
IAP more profitable by reducing the traffic.



 

 

Bob Frankston

rmf19@bobf.frankston.com

 


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	charset="us-ascii"
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<html>

<head>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dus-ascii">


<meta name=3DGenerator content=3D"Microsoft Word 10 (filtered)">

<style>
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<div class=3DSection1>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>We
need to distinguish between the access provider (IAP) which provide bit =
(or
packet) transport and the ISP which providers services outside the =
network. Most
people buy both services from the same company and there is no wall =
between the
two in that the ISP is tempted to help the IAP part of the business =
reduce
traffic. But that&#8217;s no different than buying a newspaper which =
chooses
and positions stories to maximize the advertising =
revenue.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>Like many,
I only want an IAP and not an ISP. This discussion should make a =
distinction between
basic protocols and services that an ISP can provide. It shouldn&#8217;t
presume that the purpose of the ISP is to make the IAP more profitable =
by
reducing the traffic.<br>
<br>
</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'><font =
size=3D2
 face=3Dtre><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:tre'>Bob =
Frankston</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'><font =
size=3D2
face=3Dtre><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:tre'><a
href=3D"mailto:rmf19@bobf.frankston.com">rmf19@bobf.frankston.com</a></sp=
an></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial>&nbsp;</font></p>

</div>

</body>

</html>

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Date: 21 Mar 2003 12:44:34 -0600

On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 12:07:43 -0500, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> writes:

> At 11:36 AM -0500 3/21/03, C Wegrzyn wrote:
> > I have to ask this one question: why e-stamps?  It seems a solution
> > looking for a problem to solve.
> 
> 
> That certainly seems to be the attitude of the systems I've
> seen. However e-stamps do address an ISP concern (namely, they don't
> get reimbursed for incoming email, and they can't charge the user, but
> the user doesn't *want* most of the incoming email).  Of course
> hashcash type solutions don't address that.  Just e-stamp solutions
> where the final MTA actually gets real money.

There are a few problems with this.

  1. If the price were over $.001, it would kill mailing lists. For
  instance, this mailing list would cost IETF a $.10
  /subscriber/day. At, say, 500 subscribers, thats $15,000/year. If
  one puts in an 'exception' mechanism for lists, how does one avoid
  having it be abused?

  2. If the price were under $.001, would it really affect unwanted
  email that much?

  3. How does one enforce it. Many organizations just get a leased
  line. How would they get charged? Would you require that every
  cross-domain router MUST have a content-aware packet inspector to
  redirect all email to the 'billing machine'? This severely breaks
  end-to-end, as showable on #4.

  4. With respect to #3, such a mechanism would seriously impact
  robustness of email. Now, its not enough that the bits get there,
  but that every cross-domain router's content-aware inspector must
  work.

  5. Administrative overhead and disputes. Imagine the administrative
  horror in unravelling the accounting of something like Melissa or
  I-LOVE-YOU.

  6. Abuse. Now, someone can recieve money for getting email. They can
  use cracked machines, worms, proxies, and viruses to transfer money
  to themselves.

In any case, we already have a billing mechanism. If I want to send
email to you, do I not incur half of the technical cost? I incur
bandwidth charges and CPU utilization. I may not incur HD charges,
(but, assuming stuff is removed from the ISP server weekly, those are
pretty small in comparison to the others.)

If those sender charges are insufficient to stop spam, why would
merely doubling them, with a 'fair' fictional sender-pays model,
suddenly stop spam? Two-three years ago, internet costs were twice
what they are now, and it didn't stop abuse.

I think what you want is to charge the sender for the time wasted by
the receiver, but is that relevant to MTA's or ISP's?

> This assumes that ISPs have control over the email being sent.  If all

Not true, and not necessarily a good idea; many people are already
noticing breakage because their ISP's are unfortunately breaking
end-to-end.

> ISPs did (and all ISPs wore white hats), then we wouldn't be sitting
> here.  From the white-hat ISP perspective, outbound spam is a bug in
> their security.  e-stamps won't fix that.

Outbound spam is not a bug in security. Outbound spam is like any
other outbound communication. Bits are sent to the internet sourced
from their customers. Though it may be annoying to you, is my ability
to give you a prank phone call a bug in the telephone system?

Scott
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 19:54:21 +0100
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Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
> someone's trying that new sendmail exploit.

No, the sendmail exploit is based on overflowing a buffer in the
crackaddr() function which is fed with the contents of 'To', 'Cc' and such.

Find the exploit here: http://www.security.nnov.ru/files/linx86_sendmail.c

//Frank


-- 
    WWWWW      ________________________
   ## o o\    /     Frank de Lange     \
   }#   \|   /      +46-734352015       \
    \ `--| _/     <Hacker for Hire>      \
     `---'  \       +31-640037120        /
             \    frank@unternet.org    /
              `------------------------'
   [ "Omnis enim res, quae dando non deficit, dum habetur
      et non datur, nondum habetur, quomodo habenda est."  ]


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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'Rob'" <rob@redwire.net>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Scrambled headers?
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 12:58:00 -0600

Junk added in by the spammer to thwart scripts that look at "Received: from"
and filter based on that.


Damon


-----Original Message-----
From: Rob [mailto:rob@redwire.net]
Sent: Friday, March 21, 2003 12:20 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] Scrambled headers?



First time I saw this - what does anyone make of it?

X-From_: tim_shopstock@eudora.com  Fri Mar 21 02:04:29 2003
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B
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A2C25:D6]4@>|9C@25DAF3277oH@C=5?6E]2EE]?6E|9F?E6C]D4o>:?5DAC:?8]4@>Mr 
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M
Errors: tim_shopstock@eudora.com
From: OTC-Stocks <tim_shopstock@eudora.com>
To: ZzNjiADf <_B7-DB4NEX18xyMW@otcstockwatch.com>

-----------------------------------------------------------
Rob Ayer   -    Network Operations
-----------------------------------------------------------
Office		858-244-9040 x205
Fax		858-244-9043
Mobile		858-518-4894
Tollfree	866-4REDWIRE
Pager		rob-pager@redwire.net

RedWire Broadband
5771 Copley Drive Suite 100
San Diego, Ca 92111
http://www.redwire.net
-----------------------------------------------------------

I'm a SpamCon Foundation Member, #638
Verify it at http://www.spamcon.org/search/member-search.shtml
Why aren't you?

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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'Chuq Von Rospach'" <chuqui@plaidworks.com>, Rob <rob@redwire.net>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Scrambled headers?
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Nahh... Those headers are after the message ID. Just spam "value add".

Damon


-----Original Message-----
From: Chuq Von Rospach [mailto:chuqui@plaidworks.com]
Sent: Friday, March 21, 2003 1:19 PM
To: Rob
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Scrambled headers?


someone's trying that new sendmail exploit.


On Friday, March 21, 2003, at 09:19  AM, Rob wrote:

>
> First time I saw this - what does anyone make of it?
>
> Message-Id: <200303210957.h2L9vxLB023336@sm23.localdomain>
> Comments: Received: from 
> Pb:;692?o4962A7C:D366D]4@>|:>=F4<J49F4<Jo2@=]4@>Nz B
>           Received: from --
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/



-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/

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which it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary, and/or
privileged material.  Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use
of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or
entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited.  If you received
this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from all
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Mar 21 14:15:59 2003
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From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>
Reply-To: asrg@ietf.org
Organization: Vorteon, LLC
To: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Bounces, was Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries
User-Agent: KMail/1.5
Cc: Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
References: <E18w6Eu-0008Mm-00@chiark.greenend.org.uk> <200303211136.25765@grx> <200303211741.h2LHf0v5009006@turing-police.cc.vt.edu>
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 13:12:38 -0600
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You may consider that a legitimate use.  I do not.
Everyone is so keen on not losing any existing functionality.  The existing 
functionality is what got us into this problem.

You would have to make a case that a Listserv requires that scheme to function 
properly.  There is no reason Listserv cannot give a MAIL FROM address and 
process or ignore the error message.  From all appearances it is just a cheap 
shortcut.

Can you point to something in the RFC that indicates there is a valid use for 
null senders other than bounce/error messages?

On Friday 21 March 2003 11:41 am, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:
> On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 11:36:25 CST, David Walker <antispam@grax.com>  said:
> > My point is that if my mail server receives a message with a <> envelope
> > sender it should not deliver the message intact to the user.  It should
> > wrap that message to make it obvious that is an error report.  If it is a
> > spam but
> >
> > is delivered looking like an error report it loses it's effectiveness as
> > a spam.
>
> You *DID* know that there's some legitimate mail that isn't an error report
> that goes with a MAIL FROM:<>, right?
>
> In particular, LSoft's Listserv product sends the "confirmation cookie"
> messages for opt-in lists with MAIL FROM:<> specifically *BECAUSE* if it's
> mailing to 'fred@foobar.com' to confirm that it's a valid address and an
> intended request, the bounce will be dropped on the floor if in fact it's a
> bogus address.

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In-Reply-To: <3E7B4BCD.4060501@garbagedump.com>
References: <011301c2efb6$4bea2e40$6401a8c0@damien>
 <oydu1dwhi16.fsf@bert.cs.rice.edu> <3E7B3F96.3030803@garbagedump.com>
 <p06000b04baa0f659aa6b@[192.168.1.104]> <3E7B4BCD.4060501@garbagedump.com>
To: C Wegrzyn <wegrzyn@garbagedump.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Stamping
Cc: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>,
        Damien Morton <dm-temp-310102@nyc.rr.com>,
        "'David Finnie'" <David.Finnie@platypuspartners.com>,
        hparry@andrew.cmu.edu, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 14:07:28 -0500

At 12:28 PM -0500 3/21/03, C Wegrzyn wrote:
>Having been an ISP (destek.net) for many years, it isn't all that 
>difficult to filter traffic going through a network. It is done all 
>the time.

True.  But you argued that a (per-recipient) email use tax would help 
stop tax.  But the problem you are trying to stop (arbitrary sending 
of large amounts of email from within a network) doesn't require 
that.  It just requires better ISP security.  And if you don't have 
better security, then the use tax will be evaded.

But the real point I'm trying to make here is that anti-spam 
solutions that depend on the sender obeying a rule are not going to 
be successful.  They rely on an ISP (or more likely, a bandwidth 
provider) restricting their customers. Financially they have no 
incentive to do so.  As good citizens, they should do it.  But that 
isn't their primary focus.  We could get rid of lots of DoS attacks 
with very straightforward outbound packet filtering as well--but it 
hasn't happened.

So.  Any recommendation from this group should specify certain 
actions that responsible ISPs should take to secure their networks. 
But don't expect them to be immediately followed.


-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 13:12:38 CST, David Walker said:

> Can you point to something in the RFC that indicates there is a valid use for
 
> null senders other than bounce/error messages?

RFC2821, section 6.1 says:

   If there is a delivery failure after acceptance of a message, the
   receiver-SMTP MUST formulate and mail a notification message.  This
   notification MUST be sent using a null ("<>") reverse path in the
   envelope.  The recipient of this notification MUST be the address
   from the envelope return path (or the Return-Path: line).  However,
   if this address is null ("<>"), the receiver-SMTP MUST NOT send a
   notification.  Obviously, nothing in this section can or should
   prohibit local decisions (i.e., as part of the same system
   environment as the receiver-SMTP) to log or otherwise transmit
   information about null address events locally if that is desired.  If
   the address is an explicit source route, it MUST be stripped down to
   its final hop.

So it specifically codifies that <> is to be used if you don't want a
notification.

Nowhere does 2821 actually *RESERVE* <> for bounces.

RFC1891, section 10.4:

10.4 Relay to Bombs.AF.MIL

   The SMTP at Pure-Heart.ORG relays the message to Bombs.AF.MIL, which
   does not support the SMTP extension.  Because the sender specified
   NOTIFY=NEVER for recipient Fred@Bombs.AF.MIL, the SMTP at Pure-
   Heart.ORG chooses to send the message for that recipient in a
   separate transaction with a reverse-path of <>.

So here we have an example where <> is specifically used to get the
behavior of 1891 'notify=never' with a remote MTA that doesn't support it,
even when sending a non-bounce mail.


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Sure, that is fine. But it doesn't make a difference as to intercepting 
the email traffic and billing for it.

asrg@bobf.frankston.com wrote:

> We need to distinguish between the access provider (IAP) which provide 
> bit (or packet) transport and the ISP which providers services outside 
> the network. Most people buy both services from the same company and 
> there is no wall between the two in that the ISP is tempted to help 
> the IAP part of the business reduce traffic. But that’s no different 
> than buying a newspaper which chooses and positions stories to 
> maximize the advertising revenue.
>
> Like many, I only want an IAP and not an ISP. This discussion should 
> make a distinction between basic protocols and services that an ISP 
> can provide. It shouldn’t presume that the purpose of the ISP is to 
> make the IAP more profitable by reducing the traffic.
>
> Bob Frankston
>
> rmf19@bobf.frankston.com <mailto:rmf19@bobf.frankston.com>
>


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From: <asrg@bobf.frankston.com>
To: "'C Wegrzyn'" <wegrzyn@garbagedump.com>, <asrg@bobf.frankston.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] ISPs
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I'm confused -- too much ambiguity in your response. Can you please
explain in more detail?
 
-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of C
Wegrzyn
Sent: Friday, March 21, 2003 14:38
To: asrg@bobf.frankston.com
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] ISPs

Sure, that is fine. But it doesn't make a difference as to intercepting 
the email traffic and billing for it.

asrg@bobf.frankston.com wrote:

> We need to distinguish between the access provider (IAP) which provide

> bit (or packet) transport and the ISP which providers services outside

> the network. Most people buy both services from the same company and 
> there is no wall between the two in that the ISP is tempted to help 
> the IAP part of the business reduce traffic. But thats no different 
> than buying a newspaper which chooses and positions stories to 
> maximize the advertising revenue.
>
> Like many, I only want an IAP and not an ISP. This discussion should 
> make a distinction between basic protocols and services that an ISP 
> can provide. It shouldnt presume that the purpose of the ISP is to 
> make the IAP more profitable by reducing the traffic.
>
> Bob Frankston
>
> rmf19@bobf.frankston.com <mailto:rmf19@bobf.frankston.com>
>


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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
Cc: David Finnie <David.Finnie@platypuspartners.com>, hparry@andrew.cmu.edu,
        asrg@ietf.org, Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
Subject: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: [Asrg] Re: Stamping)
Message-ID: <20030321194608.A5619380@exeter.ac.uk>
References: <oydznnq808p.fsf_-_@bert.cs.rice.edu> <200303211221.h2LCLWrH013650@pindari.platypuspartners.com> <oydy938hmb0.fsf@bert.cs.rice.edu>
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 19:46:08 +0000

The Stamps discussion seems to be reinventing hashcash (are some not
aware of hashcash, or is there some aspect of the Stamps discussion
different from hashcash in some way I am not seeing?)

Take a look at the paper:

Aug 02 - "Hashcash - A Denial of Service Counter Measure" (5 years
on), Tech Report, Adam Back

http://www.cypherspace.org/adam/hashcash/hashcash.pdf

and the hashcash home page:

http://www.cypherspace.org/hashcash/

all of the options discussed so far in this thread are documented, or
improved upon in that paper.

In particular:

- the original hashcash proposal (made back in 1997) proposed to use
hash(email) as the challenge, but more recently this was changed to
use the string 0^k (all 0-bits) as the challenge -- simpler and
equally fair challenge.

- the expiry of tokens -- with hashcash the token includes a date /
timestamp, so that the recipient can expire tokens.  I suggest 1 month
to allow for communications delays.

- hashcash is also (by default) non-interactive, so there is no need
for an interactively issued challenge -- this makes it more suited to
store-and-forward and more efficient as you don't need the bounce

- however there is an interactive option (see section 4).

- the idea of a beacon (slowly changing public value) is discussed in
the last para of section 3.

- library, command line and client software is available for download

- there is a java implementation for "clientless" token generation via
web browser which runs at 50% of speed of native code

- MUA integration is available for a couple of mailers

From the command line tool man page an example 33 bit token:

X-Hashcash: 0:020814:foo:4333957e84db47f6

first : separated parameter is version number, next is date/time in
UTCTime format, next is resource string (email address 'foo', or other
resource identifier), and finally a random string.

Because of the format you can verify with the sha1 command line tool:

echo -n 0:020814:foo:4333957e84db47f6 | sha1
000000007fb83d9c3cbd501628b7a6c1cd352ad4

where you can visually see the leading 33 bits of 0s.

Adam

On Fri, Mar 21, 2003 at 07:38:27AM -0600, Scott A Crosby wrote:
> On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 23:21:32 +1100, David Finnie <David.Finnie@platypuspartners.com> writes:
> 
> > Scott,
> > 
> > > I don't like that, but how about some notion of stamping? Each message
> > > recieved must include a valid stamp. Stamps are only usable once.
> > 
> > This is an interesting idea. I have some questions for you about your
> > proposal:
> > 
> > Can you please describe more fully your concept of a "partial hash
> > collision", and "sufficient number of bits". I think I understand that
> > the first 64 bits of the stamp is input to MD5, and also that the
> > recipient's email address is input to MD5. If we let "x" be the number
> > of bits in "sufficient number of bits", are you saying that:
> 
> The sender gets 32 bits, called HashNonce from the recipient through a
> stamp-missing bounce. Then then wish to compute the 64 bit quantity
> XXX, such that:
> 
> N=(HashNonce || XXX)
> 
> and 
> 
> MD5(N)[0:x-1] = MD5(recipient email)[0:x-1]
> 
> N is now a valid stamp. The reason I use HashNonce there is to allow a
> recipient to eventually time out old used stamps to reduce storage
> needs for already used stamps. I would expect it to change yearly. 
> 
> >  MD5(stamp[0:63])[0:x-1] = MD5(recipient email)[0:x-1]
> >  MD5(stamp[0:63])[128-y:127] = MD5(recipient email)[128-y:127]
> 
> This does not matter, what matters is the number of bits that are
> forced to be matched. IE, x=20 in your first example is as equally
> hard problem as y=20 in the second.
> 
> > or perhaps that it is up to the receiver to determine which bits match
> > ? And presumably "x" is worked out by the recipient when it does it's
> > calculation to produce some stamps ? Or are you suggesting that "x" be
> > a fixed quantity for this protocol ?
> 
> $x$ is a fixed quantity, say 32, such that computing such an XXX
> requires a signifigant amount of work. Benchmarking, it looks like
> 1ghz machine can do 5 million/second MD5's, so for $x$=32, this means
> about 15 minutes/stamp, but will go down with increasing computing
> power. I want it to be this long, because nominally, this cost is only
> payed once between a pair of participants. Generally, anyone you've
> sent email to won't have to burn this CPU time to reply.
> 
> MD5 may not be the best function however; anyone have any idea how
> greatly can be greatly sped up using hardware? (And for what cost?)
> 
> > Forgive my ignorance, but I'm not familiar with working with partial
> > hashes, and I don't know of any gotchas. My main concerns would be:
> > say for a particular recipient email address, could the MD5 hash it
> > produces severely limit the maximum value of "x" that can be used for
> > a partial match against hashes of 64 bit quantities ? Given the good
> > randomness of MD5, I would guess probably not, but it is worth
> > investigating (if you haven't already). My reasoning is that if that
> > were the case, then some unfortunate recipients may be easy targets
> > for spamming because it would be easier to "guess" the first 64 bits
> > of their stamp.
> 
> Assuming that MD5 is a random function of its inputs, $x=32$ means
> that the probability of successfully forging a stamp is one in 4
> billion.
> 
> > Are you proposing that the stamp-control protocol piggy-back within
> > SMTP ? My main reason for asking is that for a sender to acquire a
> 
> Undecided. There are four sets of data that need to be kept:
> 
>   1. Canceled/Used stamps.
>   2. Outstanding stamps (that were sent in response to a request)
>   3. HashNonce
>   4. Unused stamps
> 
> IMHO, #1, #2 may be kept by the user or the ISP. #3 should be kept by
> the ISP, so that first-time senders can learn the currently valid
> HashNonce with paying a user-agent to ISP trip instead of = paying a
> full user-agent user-agent round trip. So, if #3 is not kept by the
> ISP, email latency could require two round trips.
> 
> #4 is who keeps track of which stamps are unused for a particular
> recipient. If this is kept by the ISP, how does the ISP avoid paying
> the time for a partial hash collision.
> 
> > stamp from a receiver, the request really needs to somehow end up at
> > the mail server for the receiver (so that the database of valid stamps
> > can be checked when a mail message containing a stamp is received). I
> > think it would make sense for it to piggy back within SMTP.
> 
> I'm not entirely certain, and leave this to others.
> 
> > I am also assuming that a stamp cannot be verified as belonging to, or
> > not belonging to, a particular recipient, except by the recipient
> > itself. (I say this because one of the options is for the recipient to
> > create totally random stamps.) Is this correct ?
> 
> There are two notions of stamp: Random nonces created by a recipient,
> and partial hash collisions. In the first case, identification can
> come from the fact that all nonces are fresh. In the second case,
> identification may come from the HashNonce.
> 
> There is no identification attached to a stamp, except for the
> knowledge that the probability of someone successfully forging one is
> extremely small. If I create stamp *EMovyZQWSXggt1uV*, I can be
> assured that nobody will guess it, I can also keep track of who I
> origionally sent it to. I also keep track when its been used.
> 
> So, when a stamp is recieved, it is 
> 
>   1. If a nonce, looked up in the hash table of all unused stamps. If
>   yes, accept, if no, bounce.
> 
>   2. If a partial-hash stamp, the HashNonce is looked up in the hash
>   table of all currently accepted HashNonce's. If its not there,
>   bounce. Then the the partial hash collision is checked. If invalid,
>   bounce. Finally, the stamp is checked in the used-stamps
>   hashtable. If there, bounce, if not accept.
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From: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
Organization: Rice University
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping)
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Date: 21 Mar 2003 14:28:31 -0600

On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 19:46:08 +0000, Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org> writes:

> The Stamps discussion seems to be reinventing hashcash (are some not
> aware of hashcash, or is there some aspect of the Stamps discussion
> different from hashcash in some way I am not seeing?)

Yes, it is strongly inspired by HashCash, but it is different. The
differences is that HashCash is only used for initial communication.

In my system, almost all stamps are really one-time-use random nonces
generated by the recipient. The stamps are automatically attached to
all outgoing messages, but may be obtained by solving a CAPTCHA or
other out-of-band means. This means the HashCash stamps are relegated
to only being used for the initial message in a communication.

Thus, I can afford to make the hashcash stamps incredibly expensive,
on the order of tens of minutes, because few messages ever use them.

Since so few are used, I consider it acceptable to require the
recipient to maintain a database of all of them ever used. The lack of
datestamps allows a MUA to precompute stamps ahead-of-time based on
for addresses in the address book.

Also, since MUA's may mint arbitrary stamps and bulk mailers may send
a control message requesting the same, bulk emailers do not require
users to implement an exception mechanism.

> all of the options discussed so far in this thread are documented, or
> improved upon in that paper.

I ruthlessly simplified Hashcash to suit the limited situation I am
using it for.

> where you can visually see the leading 33 bits of 0s.

Nice change.

Scott
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping) 
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On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 14:28:31 CST, Scott A Crosby said:

> Thus, I can afford to make the hashcash stamps incredibly expensive,
> on the order of tens of minutes, because few messages ever use them.
...
> Also, since MUA's may mint arbitrary stamps and bulk mailers may send
> a control message requesting the same, bulk emailers do not require
> users to implement an exception mechanism.

"Hi.. I'm a bulk mailer.  Cound you send me 5 or 10 stamps?"
"Hi.. I'm some other bulk mailer.  Could you send me 5 or 10 stamps?"

Lather, rinse, repeat.  DOS. ;)

(Yes, it can probably be fixed/rate limited, but you're screwed if you don't
fix that problem....)

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At 12:44 PM -0600 3/21/03, Scott A Crosby wrote:
>  > seen. However e-stamps do address an ISP concern (namely, they don't
>  > get reimbursed for incoming email, and they can't charge the user, but

>There are a few problems with this.

There are *lots* of problems with it.  But someone asked what problem 
the solution was looking for.  And there are certainly some ISPs (not 
just The World) who would very much like someone to reimburse them 
for the volume of email they have to handle--especially the bounces. 
And spammers are only part of the problem.

>   3. How does one enforce it. Many organizations just get a leased
>   line. How would they get charged? Would you require that every
>   cross-domain router MUST have a content-aware packet inspector to
>   redirect all email to the 'billing machine'? This severely breaks
>   end-to-end, as showable on #4.

The proposals I've heard from ISPs is that they want to be able to 
charge bulk senders for mail destined for users at the ISP.  So if 
Microsoft wants to send thousands of non-deliverable Passport 
messages (to take an actually example) they are going to have to pay 
for it.

I understand the pain there.  A large percentage of the email I 
bounce is from non-spammers who didn't bother to verify and never 
clean their lists (for example, deerfield.com used to be a major 
offender, although they seem to have finally cleaned up their act.)

>In any case, we already have a billing mechanism. If I want to send
>email to you, do I not incur half of the technical cost? I incur
>bandwidth charges and CPU utilization. I may not incur HD charges,
>(but, assuming stuff is removed from the ISP server weekly, those are
>pretty small in comparison to the others.)

No, the email sender incurs a much smaller percentage of the cost.  I 
can trivially send one message to several hundred people at your 
site.  I send one.  You have to process, store and bounce hundreds of 
messages.  Never mind the customer support costs.

>If those sender charges are insufficient to stop spam, why would
>merely doubling them, with a 'fair' fictional sender-pays model,
>suddenly stop spam? Two-three years ago, internet costs were twice
>what they are now, and it didn't stop abuse.

First of all, I never said this had anything to do with spam. 
Someone asked who would want stamps--I answered.  But in answer to 
your question, it's not a doubling of the cost, is way more than that 
because you send one message and the ISP handles many more.

>  > ISPs did (and all ISPs wore white hats), then we wouldn't be sitting
>>  here.  From the white-hat ISP perspective, outbound spam is a bug in
>>  their security.  e-stamps won't fix that.
>
>Outbound spam is not a bug in security. Outbound spam is like any
>other outbound communication. Bits are sent to the internet sourced

In theory, yes.  In practice, no.  Outbound spam makes very heavy use 
of security bugs to go out, precisely *because* ISPs have some degree 
of control over their email systems.

>from their customers. Though it may be annoying to you, is my ability
>to give you a prank phone call a bug in the telephone system?

It is if you use a bluebox to do it.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: Bounces, was Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu, asrg@ietf.org,
        Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>,
        David Walker <antispam@grax.com>
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 15:45:25 -0500

At 1:12 PM -0600 3/21/03, David Walker wrote:
>Can you point to something in the RFC that indicates there is a valid use for
>null senders other than bounce/error messages?

Null senders are to be used for delivery errors.  You are assuming 
that it is possible to encode all possible delivery problems in such 
a way that a spammer cannot put their own message in there.  I don't 
believe that's true.

However, it would certainly help if MUAs handled such messages 
specially.  My experience with the more clueless spectrum of 
end-users is that the current bounce system does not work.  They get 
mail from this scary address (mailer-daemon) and it contains a bunch 
of garbage they don't understand (if they open it).  In general they 
delete it without opening it (might be a virus).  They certainly 
don't use it to fix their address book.

And anything that makes it harder for spammers to get their message 
across is certainly going to help limit the class of people who use a 
spammer.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: Bounces, was Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 14:57:42 -0600
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I'm not actually assuming that we could prevent the spam from appearing.  My 
assumption is that a spam that is encapsulated in a system mail will lose its 
effectiveness.


On Friday 21 March 2003 02:45 pm, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 1:12 PM -0600 3/21/03, David Walker wrote:
> >Can you point to something in the RFC that indicates there is a valid use
> > for null senders other than bounce/error messages?
>
> Null senders are to be used for delivery errors.  You are assuming
> that it is possible to encode all possible delivery problems in such
> a way that a spammer cannot put their own message in there.  I don't
> believe that's true.
>
> However, it would certainly help if MUAs handled such messages
> specially.  My experience with the more clueless spectrum of
> end-users is that the current bounce system does not work.  They get
> mail from this scary address (mailer-daemon) and it contains a bunch
> of garbage they don't understand (if they open it).  In general they
> delete it without opening it (might be a virus).  They certainly
> don't use it to fix their address book.
>
> And anything that makes it harder for spammers to get their message
> across is certainly going to help limit the class of people who use a
> spammer.

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From: Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
To: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
Cc: David Finnie <David.Finnie@platypuspartners.com>, hparry@andrew.cmu.edu,
        asrg@ietf.org, Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping)
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 20:55:15 +0000

On Fri, Mar 21, 2003 at 02:28:31PM -0600, Scott A Crosby wrote:
> On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 19:46:08 +0000, Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org> writes:
> 
> > The Stamps discussion seems to be reinventing hashcash (are some not
> > aware of hashcash, or is there some aspect of the Stamps discussion
> > different from hashcash in some way I am not seeing?)
> 
> Yes, it is strongly inspired by HashCash, but it is different. The
> differences is that HashCash is only used for initial communication.

This is an optimization also proposed for hashcash when one gets down
to "so how would you deploy this" question.  See for example the
CAMRAM architecture:

	http://www.camram.org

> In my system, almost all stamps are really one-time-use random nonces
> generated by the recipient. The stamps are automatically attached to
> all outgoing messages, but may be obtained by solving a CAPTCHA or
> other out-of-band means. This means the HashCash stamps are relegated
> to only being used for the initial message in a communication.
> 
> Thus, I can afford to make the hashcash stamps incredibly expensive,
> on the order of tens of minutes, because few messages ever use them.

ditto see CAMRAM.  I had proposed a token sent from the recipient to
the sender attached to any message which could be re-used by the
sender to send replies in the vein of Lucent's LPWA (Lucent
Personalized Web Assistant) target revokable email address:

http://www.bell-labs.com/project/lpwa/proxy_index.html

In particular I proposed such a token would be a MAC computed using a
secret key held by the user.  Then he could verify it without storage,
based just on the sender address and the token.  Having expiry could
be optional feature, but there is limited need given the storage-less
aspect.  Tokens could be revoked by putting them in a recipient local
black-list.

CAMRAM settled on using signatures for the tokens in place of a
MAC-based token but it's effectively the same idea I think.

CAMRAM also proposed allowing turing proofs in place of tokens
(CAPTCHA is one example of a turing proof).


An additional idea previously proposed was that reducing the use of
hashcash tokens to first unsolicited email could perhaps be used
instead of increasing practical hashcash cost, could be used to deploy
hashcash token creation into the senders sending mail hub.  This would
then remove the need for a hashcash aware client.  The downside is it
increases sending MTA load, but the deployment problem is easier for
MTAs than for clients.

Adam

> Since so few are used, I consider it acceptable to require the
> recipient to maintain a database of all of them ever used. The lack of
> datestamps allows a MUA to precompute stamps ahead-of-time based on
> for addresses in the address book.
> 
> Also, since MUA's may mint arbitrary stamps and bulk mailers may send
> a control message requesting the same, bulk emailers do not require
> users to implement an exception mechanism.
> 
> > all of the options discussed so far in this thread are documented, or
> > improved upon in that paper.
> 
> I ruthlessly simplified Hashcash to suit the limited situation I am
> using it for.
> 
> > where you can visually see the leading 33 bits of 0s.
> 
> Nice change.
> 
> Scott
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 12:58:52 -0800

these are examples, not real urls. the idea is to give email users 
administrative control over their contact lists just like in any 
decent instant messaging client. this prevents the possibility of 
spam while still allowing the formation of potential contacts.

main multifunctionmail public portal: http://multifunctionmail.com/
==============================
userx's public account page: http://userx/multifunctionmail.com/
==============================
contact1's private sub page in blog/chat log format: 
http://userx/contact1/multifunctionmail.com/
contact2's private sub page in blog/chat log format: 
http://userx/contact2/multifunctionmail.com/
contact3's private sub page in blog/chat log format: 
http://userx/contact3/multifunctionmail.com/
==============================
userx's inbox:
------------------------------
test message a (from contact1) (linked via 
http://userx/contact1/multifunctionmail.com/)
test message b (from contact2) (linked via 
http://userx/contact2/multifunctionmail.com/)
test message c (from contact3) (linked via 
http://userx/contact3/multifunctionmail.com/)
==============================
userx's contact control panel:
------------------------------
contact1 (options: add or remove)
contact2 (options: add or remove)
contact3 (options: add or remove)

for contact1 to create a sub account and be added to userx's contact 
list requires them to first visit http://userx/multifunctionmail.com/ 
and fill out a strict submit request form. this request is then 
reviewed by userx, either allowed, disallowed or ignored.
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From: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
Organization: Rice University
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping)
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Date: 21 Mar 2003 15:05:28 -0600

On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 15:37:38 -0500, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu writes:

> On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 14:28:31 CST, Scott A Crosby said:
> 
> > Thus, I can afford to make the hashcash stamps incredibly expensive,
> > on the order of tens of minutes, because few messages ever use them.
> ..
> > Also, since MUA's may mint arbitrary stamps and bulk mailers may send
> > a control message requesting the same, bulk emailers do not require
> > users to implement an exception mechanism.
> 
> "Hi.. I'm a bulk mailer.  Cound you send me 5 or 10 stamps?"
> "Hi.. I'm some other bulk mailer.  Could you send me 5 or 10 stamps?"
> 
> Lather, rinse, repeat.  DOS. ;)

Yup. 

I didn't want to make it any longer, so I elided out some of the
policy and UI issues.  And stamped requests should be made for 3
months of average traffic, or about 6,000 for a subscriber to this
list. :)

> (Yes, it can probably be fixed/rate limited, but you're screwed if you don't
> fix that problem....)

How about:

  Hi.. I'm a bulk mailer. Here's stamped request. Could you send me 5
  or 10 stamps.

So it costs a stamp (10 minutes of CPU, or a the stamp in the
subscription request) to send this message. 

There are a few policy issues that I am not going into now. For
instance, there may be a problem with unused stamps publically
viewable (mailing list archives, etc), so it might be smart policy to
only allow these requests from either recently minted stamps, hashcash
stamps, or old stamps that were previously given to that address.

If someone accepts a request and decides it was a mistake---one of the
stamps was used to send a spam---then the MUA has a 'spam' button.
Click it and the MUA forgets that the set of stamps was valid. Users
will quickly be trained to be carefull in what they accept. :)

Scott
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References: <011301c2efb6$4bea2e40$6401a8c0@damien>
	<oydu1dwhi16.fsf@bert.cs.rice.edu> <3E7B3F96.3030803@garbagedump.com>
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From: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
Organization: Rice University
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Date: 21 Mar 2003 15:15:09 -0600

On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 15:40:16 -0500, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> writes:

> At 12:44 PM -0600 3/21/03, Scott A Crosby wrote:

> The proposals I've heard from ISPs is that they want to be able to
> charge bulk senders for mail destined for users at the ISP.  So if
> Microsoft wants to send thousands of non-deliverable Passport messages
> (to take an actually example) they are going to have to pay for it.

Sure. who wouldn't. I'm sure that Mc.Donalds would like to charge
patrons for unreimbursed cost of toilet paper for their patrons. :)

I don't want email to go this way, with toll roads between every
ISP. If the emails were sent to non-existant addresses, then the ISP
isn't being paid by anyone for the traffic, but the can't they just
block it? If the emails were sent to customers, then is the ISP not
being paid by their customers to deliver them?

> No, the email sender incurs a much smaller percentage of the cost.  I
> can trivially send one message to several hundred people at your site.
> I send one.  You have to process, store and bounce hundreds of
> messages.  Never mind the customer support costs.

My error. I had forgotten about having multiple addresses in a To or
Cc line and the impact of bounce messages. It was true only insofar as
the origional message.

Scott
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cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu, Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
Subject: Re: Bounces, was Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 16:23:18 -0500 (EST)



On Fri, 21 Mar 2003, David Walker wrote:

> You may consider that a legitimate use.  I do not.
> Everyone is so keen on not losing any existing functionality.  The existing 
> functionality is what got us into this problem.
> 
> You would have to make a case that a Listserv requires that scheme to function 
> properly.  There is no reason Listserv cannot give a MAIL FROM address and 
> process or ignore the error message.  From all appearances it is just a cheap 
> shortcut.

You can prevent nearly all bounces by placing a "Precedence: Bulk" header
in the mail. This is NOT endorsed by and RFC, but it does work. 



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Stamping
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Date: 21 Mar 2003 15:27:00 -0600

In <oydllz8muel.fsf@bert.cs.rice.edu> Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu> writes:

> On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 12:07:43 -0500, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> writes:
> 
> > ISPs did (and all ISPs wore white hats), then we wouldn't be sitting
> > here.  From the white-hat ISP perspective, outbound spam is a bug in
> > their security.  e-stamps won't fix that.
> 
> Outbound spam is not a bug in security. Outbound spam is like any
> other outbound communication. Bits are sent to the internet sourced
> from their customers. Though it may be annoying to you, is my ability
> to give you a prank phone call a bug in the telephone system?

Prank phone calls are illegal.  Your ablility to make a single prank
call is not a bug in the telephone system.  If you had the ablility to
make even a dozen prank phone calls per week without being caught,
then I would say there is a bug in the telephone systems.



-wayne

    


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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 16:18:13 -0500

At 12:58 PM -0800 3/21/03, matthew richards wrote:
>these are examples, not real urls. the idea is to give email users

I'm sorry.  Was this in reference to a post I missed, or is it a new 
proposal?  And if the latter, could you give an abstract instead of 
just an implementation.  About all I'm certain of (I think) is that 
you are requiring all correspondents to fill out a form on some web 
server if they want to talk to someone else.  How you prevent 
spammers from automating this, and how you allow automated email from 
non-spammers I'm not sure.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 17:45:21 -0500

At 3:15 PM -0600 3/21/03, Scott A Crosby wrote:
>I don't want email to go this way, with toll roads between every
>ISP. If the emails were sent to non-existant addresses, then the ISP
>isn't being paid by anyone for the traffic, but the can't they just
>block it? If the emails were sent to customers, then is the ISP not
>being paid by their customers to deliver them?

What do you do when a legit company sends you two hundred copies of a 
mesage to 190 non-existent addresses, and 10 real ones?  You can't 
block the company.  You have to deal with the bounces.  And there are 
no customers paying for those bounces.  They left years ago.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Stamping
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 16:26:07 -0800

At 03:27 PM 3/21/2003 -0600, wayne wrote:
>In <oydllz8muel.fsf@bert.cs.rice.edu> Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu> 
>writes:
>
> > On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 12:07:43 -0500, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> 
> writes:
> >
> > > ISPs did (and all ISPs wore white hats), then we wouldn't be sitting
> > > here.  From the white-hat ISP perspective, outbound spam is a bug in
> > > their security.  e-stamps won't fix that.
> >
> > Outbound spam is not a bug in security. Outbound spam is like any
> > other outbound communication. Bits are sent to the internet sourced
> > from their customers. Though it may be annoying to you, is my ability
> > to give you a prank phone call a bug in the telephone system?
>
>Prank phone calls are illegal.  Your ablility to make a single prank
>call is not a bug in the telephone system.  If you had the ablility to
>make even a dozen prank phone calls per week without being caught,
>then I would say there is a bug in the telephone systems.

But anyone can.  Just go to random pay phones and make the calls.  Of 
course, the costs associated with this mean that those calls have got to be 
somewhat important to you.  Stamps to the same.  If its free it gets 
abused.  If it costs value judgements come into the picture.

steve

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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 17:08:56 -0800

> I agree that the meeting was.... unbalanced. It would have be en more 
> appropriate to have a meeting like this at a symposium or conference 
> attended by management and 'decision makers'.

I was pretty irritated that more time was spent on ill informed comments
against certificate based authentication alone BEFORE the authentication
presentation than was spent on the authentication presentation.

We had four people come to the mike with comments about why certificates
won't work before they had actually been proposed.

Such comments are rarely constructive or usefull. In particular I was very
surprised to see people who should know better stating that a straw man
system in which email from anyone with a certificate is automatically
accepted is 'not going to work'. Well like Homer Simpson would say
Duuuhhh!!!!

That is not the proposal that has been made on this list but we had four
people attacking this straw man at great length. I would hope in particular
that people who have been arround PKIX for as many years as Bob Moscowitz
would have enough of a clue to realize that I would not suggest anything as
stupid as the proposal he argued against.


You cannot rely on certificates alone. Once people use certificates on a
widespread basis the spam senders are going to attempt to get hold of
certificates. This is expected.


The first line of defense is to have good authentication procedures. CAs who
perform authentication before a certificate is issued are going to provide a
higher bar for the spam-senders. As Jon demonstrated spam senders, in
particular garbage creators do not want to give a genuine address.

Disclosure of interest - I have a commercial interest here since once the
spam senders decide they need certificates they are going to start with the
CA's whose 'authentication process' consists of an unchecked Web form.

A second line of defense is the law, anyone who applies for a certificate on
the basis of false information has committed fraud in practially every
single jurisdiction where the law means anything.

Spam senders are not going to be deterred by certificate cost but they can
and will be deterred by the risk of being caught. Obtaining a false
instrument for monetary gain is a serious offense. Using a false instrument
to obtain computer services (mail delivery) is a very serious offense that
the FBI, Special Branch, Interpol etc. treat very seriously.

Of course the Nigerian scams are pretty sophisticated and it is likely that
false businesses will be established that meet the authentication criteria
for a certificate to be issued. Note that the cost here is not the amount a
certificate might cost but the cost of setting up the front business. If a
lot of certificates are required these costs increase dramatically since any
cert that can be linked to a spamy cert can also be revoked.

The third line of defense is black listing and revocation. To take
revocation first, it now works PERIOD. We have the proven capacity to
support revocation via OCSP or XKMS at any scale. This is not cost free,
that is why the cert cost might well be higher for high, high volume certs.
Caching is going to be an absolute MUST here. The CA has to reserve the
right to only provide a limited number of responses for the same cert within
the given validity period 10 lookups a day good, 10,000 an hour and you get
blocked).

It may not be possible to revoke a spammy cert however as the criteria for
revocation are quite strict - as strict as the original authentication
criteria. This is where blacklisting and more likely greylisting comes in. A
mechanism is required to report that a certificate is considered 30% spammy.

		Phill
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 17:08:52 -0800

I think we should have a moratorium on discussion of requirements and how
bad the problem is.

Yes I am completely serious. There is no point in measurement without
knowing which theory you want to test. Particularly when there is no actual
measurement, only anecdotes.

I don't see any point in people shooting down proposals on the basis of
anecdotal evidence.

I believe we should present high level architectural solutions, stating the
part of the spam problem we intend to solve and the parts that we do not
intend to solve and any operational or deployment constraints involved. In
particular I am intersted in the cost of deployment, the point at which the
proposal provides value to the party expected to deploy and any
preconditions for obtaining value.

I believe that there should be a moratorium on useless comments such as
'that will never work' or 'that will fail' unless accompanied by a solution
within the specific architectural approach concerned. So simply saying flat
out that reverse DNS does not work is unhelpful, saying that you get the
desired effect in an equivalent manner by working through the forward track
is helpful.

Instead of saying 'no headers are forged so authentication is useless' put
the question, what proportion of headers are forged? which then becomes an
issue that we ask the measurement people to address.

By an architectural proposal I suggest that something much more than 'lets
introduce sender charges' but not necessarily the bits on the wire. So
proposing to propose a scheme for sender charges someone should describe all
the components involved, including the infrastructure required to aggregate
payments and transfer settlements and a security proof to demonstrate the
system was proof against fraud.



		Phill
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 20:21:04 -0500

I believe it is possible to formulate solid arguments regarding why 
an approach will *or will not* work, without trying it first. That 
there's been a shortage of solid arguments doesn't change this.


At 17:08 -0800 3/21/03, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>  > I agree that the meeting was.... unbalanced. It would have be en more
>>  appropriate to have a meeting like this at a symposium or conference
>>  attended by management and 'decision makers'.
>
>I was pretty irritated that more time was spent on ill informed comments
>against certificate based authentication alone BEFORE the authentication
>presentation than was spent on the authentication presentation.
>
>We had four people come to the mike with comments about why certificates
>won't work before they had actually been proposed.
>
>Such comments are rarely constructive or usefull. In particular I was very
>surprised to see people who should know better stating that a straw man
>system in which email from anyone with a certificate is automatically
>accepted is 'not going to work'. Well like Homer Simpson would say
>Duuuhhh!!!!
>
>That is not the proposal that has been made on this list but we had four
>people attacking this straw man at great length. I would hope in particular
>that people who have been arround PKIX for as many years as Bob Moscowitz
>would have enough of a clue to realize that I would not suggest anything as
>stupid as the proposal he argued against.
>
>
>You cannot rely on certificates alone. Once people use certificates on a
>widespread basis the spam senders are going to attempt to get hold of
>certificates. This is expected.
>
>
>The first line of defense is to have good authentication procedures. CAs who
>perform authentication before a certificate is issued are going to provide a
>higher bar for the spam-senders. As Jon demonstrated spam senders, in
>particular garbage creators do not want to give a genuine address.
>
>Disclosure of interest - I have a commercial interest here since once the
>spam senders decide they need certificates they are going to start with the
>CA's whose 'authentication process' consists of an unchecked Web form.
>
>A second line of defense is the law, anyone who applies for a certificate on
>the basis of false information has committed fraud in practially every
>single jurisdiction where the law means anything.
>
>Spam senders are not going to be deterred by certificate cost but they can
>and will be deterred by the risk of being caught. Obtaining a false
>instrument for monetary gain is a serious offense. Using a false instrument
>to obtain computer services (mail delivery) is a very serious offense that
>the FBI, Special Branch, Interpol etc. treat very seriously.
>
>Of course the Nigerian scams are pretty sophisticated and it is likely that
>false businesses will be established that meet the authentication criteria
>for a certificate to be issued. Note that the cost here is not the amount a
>certificate might cost but the cost of setting up the front business. If a
>lot of certificates are required these costs increase dramatically since any
>cert that can be linked to a spamy cert can also be revoked.
>
>The third line of defense is black listing and revocation. To take
>revocation first, it now works PERIOD. We have the proven capacity to
>support revocation via OCSP or XKMS at any scale. This is not cost free,
>that is why the cert cost might well be higher for high, high volume certs.
>Caching is going to be an absolute MUST here. The CA has to reserve the
>right to only provide a limited number of responses for the same cert within
>the given validity period 10 lookups a day good, 10,000 an hour and you get
>blocked).
>
>It may not be possible to revoke a spammy cert however as the criteria for
>revocation are quite strict - as strict as the original authentication
>criteria. This is where blacklisting and more likely greylisting comes in. A
>mechanism is required to report that a certificate is considered 30% spammy.
>
>		Phill
>_______________________________________________
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From: "Dave Lampert" <dlampert_c640993e_b876_4465_bf0e_964d0c4b0a35@homeai.com>
To: "Kee Hinckley" <nazgul@somewhere.com>,
        "matthew richards" <matt@larkinam.com>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] follow up (to last post)
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Threads, threads everywhere, and we're trying to weave a tapestry.

I believe Matthew's post was threaded back to:

[Asrg] try this on for size
https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg01634.html

which may have sprung as an offshoot from the original thread:

[Asrg] Gray list: rating of associates
https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg01552.html

I like Matthew's extension of the idea where there is a unique address or
password or certificate or whatever for every sender/receiver combination,
and the receiver is ultimately the one who may choose to break that
connection or downplay it as a connection containing unimportant babble.

Dave


-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Kee
Hinckley
Sent: Friday, March 21, 2003 4:18 PM
To: matthew richards
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] follow up (to last post)


At 12:58 PM -0800 3/21/03, matthew richards wrote:
>these are examples, not real urls. the idea is to give email users

I'm sorry.  Was this in reference to a post I missed, or is it a new
proposal?  And if the latter, could you give an abstract instead of
just an implementation.  About all I'm certain of (I think) is that
you are requiring all correspondents to fill out a form on some web
server if they want to talk to someone else.  How you prevent
spammers from automating this, and how you allow automated email from
non-spammers I'm not sure.
--
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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> To: asrg@ietf.org

> ...
> The other point is that authentication is only one half of access control.
> The other half is authorization. You are not obligated to accept a message
> just because it is signed or otherwise authenticated.
>
> However a simple algorithm for choosing the parties I would whitelist would
> be to take the F500 companies, the Internet 500 companies, the edu domains,
> the major ISPs who implement rate filtering, etc.
>
> All the rest of the mail would go through very tight filtering and I would
> accept a very high level of false positives on the residual. 
>
>
> If someone really wants to contact me they can go to a hosted mail provider
> that implements rate limiting and send a contact ping.

That's another way of saying that serious (e.g. crypto) authentication
has little to do with spam solutions.  Little spam is forged from the
F500 etc., so you can get most of the effects of using serious
authentication by whitelisting those domains with (an equivalent of)
sendmail access_DB entries (i.e. toy authentication) and then requiring
contact pings and so forth.   This avoids holding your correspondent's
hands while they figure out certs, CAs, PGP key rings, or whatever you
pick for authentication.

(Note that I said "relatively little spam is forged from the F500
etc.," but not "no spam".)


Of course, the trouble with this is that white-listing is not a
solution for spam except for people who don't have or need not have
a spam problem, because they do not want to receive mail from
strangers.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it went badly!)
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As Marshall notes, a number of the points raised on this thread arise from
equating IETF practices with IRTF practices, whereas these are in fact
quite distinct.

> Also it can be noted that AT&T presented technology on which 
> they have some patents and IETF has very clear guidelines that this is 
> dscoraged to say the least and group chairs should when two solutions 
> exist (one patented, one not) always choose non-patented solution

First, this overstates the IETF policy.  It is not "always" choose, it is
to preferentially choose, but the WG can decide otherwise.

Second, as I mentioned in the plenary, the IRTF does not have an expressed
IPR policy, though it appears one needs to be developed.  I picture such a
policy requiring that, for any technology discussed within RGs that has
related IPR, that the presence of the possible IPR be disclosed; but not
beyond that.  The AT&T presentation would be in compliance with such a
policy.

> Also have to be noted that most presentations on the live meeting were by 
> persons who did not try to participate at the mailing list and are completely
> unknown to us and this is also against general policies for IETF and IRTF 

The IRTF does not have policies in this regard.

> In short, like I said in previous email - the presentations were all 
> opinions of particular organizations and all commercial (even spamcon is 
> really what I call "commercial" non-profit foundation, as apposed to say 
> CAUSE) and were not individual submission as is supposed to be done at 
> IETF and IRTF.

The IRTF does not have policies in this regard.

> I do hope chair takes my comments seriously!

I imagine that stepping back from them and phrasing them with a bit less
sharp of a tone would help in this regard.

		Vern   (IRTF chair)
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> From: Steven F Siirila <sfs@tc.umn.edu>

> We use DSBL and NJABL to find open relays/proxies (yes, NJABL now tests
> for open proxies as of recently).  Both have been very effective for us.
>
> We also use SBL to find known spammers and find it is very effective.

The SBL is very different from some other DNS blacklists that send
unsolicited and unprovoked bulk email to innocent, virolently
anti-spam outifts in the name of various sorts of testing.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200303220538.h2M5c79a005750@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Bounces, was Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 22:38:07 -0700 (MST)

> From: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>

> ...
> I expect to see a lot more junk email from <> and therefore a lot more
> systems rejecting all bounces. I haven't seen much talk about maintaining
> the reliablility of Internet email in the face of this kind of attack.

Why, other than the fact that the conclusion requires that assumption?

4 or 5 years ago, there was more spam from <> than there is now.
Any prediction of more spam from <> in the future needs to account
for the reduction since then.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200303220601.h2M61TU6008233@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it went badly!)
References:  <20030320174704.41e4fdf0.mrose+internet.irtf.asrg@dbc.mtview.ca.us>
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 23:01:29 -0700 (MST)

> From: Marshall Rose <mrose+internet.irtf.asrg@dbc.mtview.ca.us>

> ...
> although it is unlikely that the instigators of this research group had
> this intent, no one should be surprised by today's meltdown. let's face
> it, an open mailing list that averages 90 messages/day does not mix with
> a group trying to do research. neither does press participation.
> ...

Or marketing or management participation.

How can anyone honestly expect research to appear in a group that was
created a matter of weeks before?  What would anyone expect in the
circumstances but general talk about how bad spam is and a pep ralley
for the need to work on the problem?

At the risk of violating IETF canons, I must observe that some of
the strongest condemnations in the list of whatever happened at
the meeting came from people who have made the some of the less
well founded contributions to the mailing list.  From here I can't
tell what happened, but I wonder if sour grape sentiments from some
people about their favorite solutions not being adopted by acclamation
colored other people's perceptions and so reports of the meeting.

For that matter, unless I'n confused, I thnk some of the strongest
complaints about the meeting came from people associated with spam
solutions that have web pages more than 6 months old but (as far
as I can tell) nothing more than talk about how they're obviously
the one true fix.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] ISPs
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 09:12:20 +0000

> We need to distinguish between the access provider (IAP) which provide
> bit (or packet) transport and the ISP which providers services outside
> the network. Most people buy both services from the same company and
> there is no wall between the two in that the ISP is tempted to help the
> IAP part of the business reduce traffic. But that's no different than
> buying a newspaper which chooses and positions stories to maximize the
> advertising revenue.
> 

That is a distinction that can be made. But unless it's clear and universal
it's problematic.

Do you consider IP as being the responsibility of your IAP?
For instance - if a IAP is help responsible for traffic originating at one
of their IPs then they'll have a strong incentive to control other higher
level protocols.

 


> 
>  
> 
> Like many, I only want an IAP and not an ISP. This discussion should
> make a distinction between basic protocols and services that an ISP can
> provide. It shouldn't presume that the purpose of the ISP is to make the
> IAP more profitable by reducing the traffic.
> 
> 
> 
>  
> 
>  
> 
> Bob Frankston
> 
> rmf19@bobf.frankston.com
> 
>  
> 
> 
> 





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Subject: Re: [Asrg] ISPs (correction - sorry)
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Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 09:17:43 +0000

This is a MIME-encapsulated message. 
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Due to incompetence I sent different messages to the list and to Bob. This
is what they both should have said:

> We need to distinguish between the access provider (IAP) which provide
> bit (or packet) transport and the ISP which providers services outside
> the network. Most people buy both services from the same company and
> there is no wall between the two in that the ISP is tempted to help the
> IAP part of the business reduce traffic. But that's no different than
> buying a newspaper which chooses and positions stories to maximize the
> advertising revenue.
> 


That is a distinction that can be made. But unless it's clear and universal
it's problematic.

Do you consider IP as being the responsibility of your IAP?
If you're talking about "packets" I guess you do.
If an IAP is help responsible for traffic originating at one of their IPs
(e.g. blacklisting) then they'll have a strong incentive to control other
higher level protocols (eg port 25).

I'm not sure that this distinction is made widely enough for it to be
useful.


 





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<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.0pt'>We
need to distinguish between the access provider (IAP) which provide bit (or
packet) transport and the ISP which providers services outside the network.=
 Most
people buy both services from the same company and there is no wall between=
 the
two in that the ISP is tempted to help the IAP part of the business reduce
traffic. But that&#8217;s no different than buying a newspaper which choose=
s
and positions stories to maximize the advertising revenue.</span></font></p=
>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.0pt'>Like many,
I only want an IAP and not an ISP. This discussion should make a distinctio=
n between
basic protocols and services that an ISP can provide. It shouldn&#8217;t
presume that the purpose of the ISP is to make the IAP more profitable by
reducing the traffic.<br>
<br>
</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'><font size=
=3D2
 face=3Dtre><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:tre'>Bob Frankston<=
/span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'><font size=
=3D2
face=3Dtre><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:tre'><a
href=3D"mailto:rmf19@bobf.frankston.com">rmf19@bobf.frankston.com</a></span=
></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial>&nbsp;</font></p>

</div>

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=00
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Date: 22 Mar 2003 08:45:13 -0600

On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 20:55:15 +0000, Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org> writes:

> On Fri, Mar 21, 2003 at 02:28:31PM -0600, Scott A Crosby wrote:
> > On Fri, 21 Mar 2003 19:46:08 +0000, Adam Back <adam@cypherspace.org> writes:
> > 
> > > The Stamps discussion seems to be reinventing hashcash (are some not
> > > aware of hashcash, or is there some aspect of the Stamps discussion
> > > different from hashcash in some way I am not seeing?)
> > 
> > Yes, it is strongly inspired by HashCash, but it is different. The
> > differences is that HashCash is only used for initial communication.
> 
> This is an optimization also proposed for hashcash when one gets down

See below, but I believe that this is a necessity, not an
optimization; for hashcash to be expensive enough that spammers cannot
afford to burn the cycles, email hosts cannot afford to burn the
cycles, and legitimate end-users will go bonkers from 10-120 minute
latencies.

> to "so how would you deploy this" question.  See for example the

I think what is needed is to pragmatically answer the deployment
questions. IE, rather than offer possible design choices/ideas for
deployment, bite the bullet and choose the best set of design choices
and document them.

> CAMRAM architecture:
> 
> 	http://www.camram.org
> 

How does CAMRAM deal with mailing lists. Are you using the signature
stamp, but won't that force a mailing list programs to incur
relatively expensive public key operations. Or are 'expensive public
key operations' not really considered that expensive anymore? Doing
some benchmarking, I find that my P2-450 can sign&verify about 50
messages/second. What is a 'high' email load for a P2-450 running a
high-volume mailing list? Is it under 10 messages/second?

> 
> In particular I proposed such a token would be a MAC computed using a
> secret key held by the user.  Then he could verify it without storage,
> based just on the sender address and the token.  Having expiry could

I think that using the sender's email address in any token is a design
mistake. The sender's address is forgable, so the security gained over
a plain token is relatively small. If 'they' can find the token, they
can probably find out the from address to forge. Second, many people
have systems that depend upon forgery in order to direct incoming
email where they wish.

I also am reluctant to use signatures on emails because emails get
massaged and altered between my client and your client. From robots
that add on disclaimer notices, to antivirus software to spam/bulk
classification software to mailing list software, messages are
constantly altered. How does one figure out what is and isn't safe to
MAC? I've had a pet theory that email signatures might finally work if
we redid the email spec such that a message (headers and body) was
actually implemented as a versioned archive like RCS. That way, I
could sign the first version, and each host along the email chain
would make any modifications and check in a new version.

> be optional feature, but there is limited need given the storage-less
> aspect.  Tokens could be revoked by putting them in a recipient local
> black-list.
> 
> CAMRAM settled on using signatures for the tokens in place of a
> MAC-based token but it's effectively the same idea I think.
> 

I think so too, the major differences are that the token is a lot
larger and a lot more expensive to verify. I do not know if these
considerations are relevant in practice anymore.

> An additional idea previously proposed was that reducing the use of
> hashcash tokens to first unsolicited email could perhaps be used
> instead of increasing practical hashcash cost, could be used to deploy
> hashcash token creation into the senders sending mail hub.  This would
> then remove the need for a hashcash aware client.  The downside is it
> increases sending MTA load, but the deployment problem is easier for
> MTAs than for clients.

It depends upon the hashcash token minting cost. I'm envisioning 10
ghz*minutes or so, where I don't think this is practical. If the
minting cost is on the order of 1*ghz second, I don't think its
hashcash will alter anything at all.

A shiny new 3ghz system amortized at $1000/year over 3 years amortizes
to $3/day, and is good for 300,000 ghz seconds/day. At a 1ghz*second
of minting cost, the amortized cost per message is 100,000/$1. The
spamvertizing costs are $100 buys a million? Thats $.0001/message, or
ten times the costs to the spammer from minting. Even a minting cost
of 60 ghz*seconds would only increase the cost to $600/million. Worse,
Moore's law will eat into these costs by a factor of 8 over the next 5
years.

Thus, I think we'd need on the order of *AT LEAST* 10 ghz*minutes of
hashcash to make spamming unaffordable, and perhaps 100 ghz minutes 5
years down the line. IMO, would 10 ghz*minutes of CPU to mint just one
stamp makes it impractical to expect a mail gateway to mint hashcash
style stamps?


You know what the quote goes? ''A protocol is not done when there is
nothing more to add, but when there is nothing more to take away''

Well, I'm taking it to heart when I ruthlessly simplify your
system. :)

Scott
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Stamping
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Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 09:03:48 -0700 (MST)

> > Outbound spam is not a bug in security. Outbound spam is like any
> > other outbound communication. Bits are sent to the internet sourced
> > from their customers. Though it may be annoying to you, is my ability
> > to give you a prank phone call a bug in the telephone system?
>
> Prank phone calls are illegal.  Your ablility to make a single prank
> call is not a bug in the telephone system.  If you had the ablility to
> make even a dozen prank phone calls per week without being caught,
> then I would say there is a bug in the telephone systems.

That points out a problem with many spam solutions.  They assume that
ISPs that don't now care to terminate their spaming customers or their
resellers that happily resell to spammers (e.g. UUNET) will do soemthing
different because someone talks about e-stamps, authentication, or
some other techical widget.  Spam-friendly ISPs will continule to
support spammers. Other ISPs will continue to hunt down and eliminate
the monder equivalents of phone phreaks.  Spam friendly ISPs will
be happy to mint stamps or sign new, spam-for-a-day certs for spammers
where they now sell bandwidth or spam-for-a-day throw-away accounts.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping)
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 11:44:48 -0500

Wait a second.  Most of my incoming email comes from mailing lists. 
And in that case, if I read your proposal correctly, I'd have to 
provide them with the stamps.  Said stamps take 10 minutes each to 
generate.  I currently *average* 1800 incoming messages a week.  (I 
love Eudora's "Statistics" window.)

Or in other words.  I'm going to need two machines dedicated to 
generating stamps 24 hours a day just so that I can read my mailing 
lists.

Did I miss something?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: [Asrg] [Slightly OT] - From: authentication
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Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 12:42:29 -0500

I found it somewhat ironic that this should happen in the midst of 
these discussions about whether one should authenticate 
From/Sender/Return-Path or something else.

Yesterday I received a forwarded notice from my ISP.  It was a legal 
threat from Universal Studios, accusing me of posting copyrighted 
material, and threatening to sue my ISP if they didn't make me stop.

As the complaint said:
>Under the penalty of perjury, the undersigned is authorized to act 
>on behalf of Universal with respect to this matter and the 
>information contained in this transmission is accurate.

Their evidence?
The From: address of a Usenet posting that had "someone@somewhere.com" in it.

And when I objected?
"We are aware that this is most likely a spoof, so please disregard 
the notice for this case."

Thank goodness I have an ISP with some technical acumen.  If that 
complaint had gone to my Cable ISP they probably would have just shut 
me down without even telling me.

http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/2003/Copyright.Complaint.From.html 
for the complaint and my response. 
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/2003/Re.Universal.Studios.DMC.html 
for the followups.

And please--if you have friends in the press or the U.S. 
Congress--send them a copy.  This kind of negligent behavior should 
not go unpunished.

And yes.  I think that domain authentication, even if not perfect, is 
a good idea.

In the meantime, it's clearly time to restart my somewhere.com Usenet 
cancelbot.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping)
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Date: 22 Mar 2003 11:43:12 -0600

On Sat, 22 Mar 2003 11:44:48 -0500, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> writes:

> Wait a second.  Most of my incoming email comes from mailing
> lists. And in that case, if I read your proposal correctly, I'd have
> to provide them with the stamps.  Said stamps take 10 minutes each to
> generate.  I currently *average* 1800 incoming messages a week.  (I
> love Eudora's "Statistics" window.)

I have two types of stamps. One type is partial hash collision
stamps. The other is just random nonces. When you need some, you just
find some random numbers and send them to the mailing list manager, or
attached to outgoing messagges.  You remember these nonces as valid
and 'forget them' as they are used. Storage is say, 3 months worth of
nonces outstanding, or about 25000 nonces, 500kb to store.

Scott
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References: <B1F08F445F370846AB7BEE424365F00DB2EE1B@ctxchg.ciphertrust.com>
From: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
Organization: Rice University
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: Requirements for anti-spam systems-Draft 1
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Date: 22 Mar 2003 11:55:47 -0600

On Wed, 19 Mar 2003 14:13:15 -0500, Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com> writes:

> This is a draft of high-level requirements for anti-spam systems. This list
> was started by Keith Moore. This draft incorporates feedback from
> Balachander Krishnamurthy, Gary Feldman, Troy Rollo, Damon Sauer, Paul
> Judge, and Hadmut Danisch.

This had better be a wish list; if a solution must satisfy all of
these requirements, I'm packing up and going home.

How abouot elaborating these to give actual ranges for the
requirements. What is 'minimal overhead'? Is it 10 RSA key
computations, or .1 RSA key computations? What objectives are more
important than other objectives. Stopping unwanted email, or burning
more CPU?

Scott

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From: "Damien Morton" <dm-temp-310102@nyc.rr.com>
To: "'Kee Hinckley'" <nazgul@somewhere.com>,
        "'Scott A Crosby'" <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
Cc: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping)
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I wonder if the problems of mailing lists are sufficient reason not to
implement a reasonable spam preventative.

I know the members of this list have a valid concern about the needs of
mailing lists, but I would suggest that the vast majority of email users
do not share those concerns.

At any rate, I tend to think that mailing lists are better handled using
NNTP.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Kee Hinckley
> Sent: Saturday, 22 March 2003 11:45
> To: Scott A Crosby
> Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping)
> 
> 
> Wait a second.  Most of my incoming email comes from mailing lists. 
> And in that case, if I read your proposal correctly, I'd have to 
> provide them with the stamps.  Said stamps take 10 minutes each to 
> generate.  I currently *average* 1800 incoming messages a week.  (I 
> love Eudora's "Statistics" window.)
> 
> Or in other words.  I'm going to need two machines dedicated to 
> generating stamps 24 hours a day just so that I can read my mailing 
> lists.
> 
> Did I miss something?
> -- 
> Kee Hinckley
> http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
> http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology 
> and Society
> 
> I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so 
> unwilling to accept responsibility for their own actions, or 
> that they are so eager to regulate everyone else's. 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

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To: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: [Asrg] Re: Requirements for anti-spam systems-Draft 1
Cc: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>,
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At 11:55 AM -0600 3/22/03, Scott A Crosby wrote:
>This had better be a wish list; if a solution must satisfy all of
>these requirements, I'm packing up and going home.

That's standard practice for a requirements list.  First you wish 
everything you could possibly want.  Then you start to compromise. 
Ditto on architectures.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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At 1:02 PM -0500 3/22/03, Damien Morton wrote:
>At any rate, I tend to think that mailing lists are better handled using
>NNTP.

There are plent of reasons not to use NNTP for mailing lists. 
Privacy, spam control and member control come immediately to mind. 
There's also a strong social reason.  If you think this list is busy 
now--imagine if it were a newsgroup and anyone could post, but nobody 
had to stick and around and deal with the volume.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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<http://www.pan-am.ca/draft-ietf-asrg-dsprotocol-00.txt>

As I haven't yet submitted it to the IETF, the version number hasn't
changed.

The big question I was asked two weeks ago was: "What selfish reason do I
have for implementing this protocol?"  Well, I've now provided several.

I've also added notes on mail forwarding, which is still going to be
affected.  Mailing lists seem unaffected - every list I'm subscribed to
either has "[$LIST]-request@" as the envelope sender or some other envelope
sender for tracking delivery failures.

Finally I've added a note about RFC 2821 section 7.1.  That section says how
efforts like mine remove otherwise useful functionality.  I've tried to
address that.

--
PGP key (0x0AFA039E): <http://www.pan-am.ca/consulting@pan-am.ca.asc>
What's a PGP Key?  See <http://www.pan-am.ca/free.html>
GOD BLESS AMER, er, THE INTERNET. <http://vmyths.com/rant.cfm?id=401&page=4>

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> How can anyone honestly expect research to appear in a group that was
> created a matter of weeks before?  What would anyone expect in the
> circumstances but general talk about how bad spam is and a pep ralley
> for the need to work on the problem?

The first thing that always happens at a meeting like this is always
a lot of completely unfocused discussion from people talking ad-nauseam
about the need to avoid unfocused discussion.

This happened at jam spam as well. We had lots of people pile in to say
lets not talk about any technology and instead steered the discussion
towards fluff.


 
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it went badly! )
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Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 13:05:56 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

>  ...
> You cannot rely on certificates alone. Once people use certificates on a
> widespread basis the spam senders are going to attempt to get hold of
> certificates. This is expected.
>
> The first line of defense is to have good authentication procedures. CAs who
> perform authentication before a certificate is issued are going to provide a
> higher bar for the spam-senders. As Jon demonstrated spam senders, in
> particular garbage creators do not want to give a genuine address.

> ... 
> A second line of defense is the law, anyone who applies for a certificate on
> the basis of false information has committed fraud in practially every
> single jurisdiction where the law means anything.
> ...

If that could work, then we would not have a spam problem.  Spammers
already must identify themselves to reputable ISPs with something that
has the relevant features of certificates, including laws against
fraud that are sometimes even enforced.  Those things are credit card
numbers.  In reality we have the spectacle of ISPs including Sprint
claiming they can't figure out how to deal with credit card fraud even
when a single spammer has used hundreds of stolen credit card numbers
and is known by name.  We also have ISPs advertising "try us for 2
weeks; no credit card required" on central California radio stations
yesterday.

It makes no sense to expect ISPs to know their customers well enough
to issue certs that might reduce spam when they can't be bothered
to know their customers today to reject well known spammers. 

If certs were required to send mail, then we'd have big ISPs distributing
CDROMs labelled "4000 free hours" and automatically issuing certs
along with user names and passwords.  There would be no change from
the current situation, except that the commercial CAs would have
another revenue stream.

Any spam filtering you might do based on certs can be done better and
faster on IP addresses, unless you can white-list all of your incoming
mail because you don't want mail from strangers.  If Ralski &co. could
not get new certs as often as required to keep sending, then they also
could not get new blocks of IP addreses.  We know they've no trouble
getting either single dial-up addresses or fair sized blocks, and so
simple logic shows that they could get as many certs as they might need.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it went badly!
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Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 15:10:24 -0500

At 11:50 AM -0800 3/22/03, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>This happened at jam spam as well. We had lots of people pile in to say
>lets not talk about any technology and instead steered the discussion
>towards fluff.

I've been working under the general assumption (based on the 
participant lists, primarily) that JamSpam wasn't likely to come up 
with a technical solution but, if anything, a list of requirements. 
Any technical solution would be more likely to come from the IETF. 
And if it matches the JamSpam requirements, then the JamSpam 
participants become a major part of the force we can apply to get 
something adopted.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Message-ID: <000f01c2f0b8$6ba7c140$5880bbd0@kit>
From: "Jed Margolin" <jmsml@jmargolin.com>
To: <Asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] If You Don't Fix It, The Politicians Will
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I am dismayed at the report that the IETF session was not productive.

You should consider the following:

1. The Internet has become an important part of the Civilized World's
infrastructure.

2. The Internet is threatened by the increasing volume of spam.

3. If the world's Internet Experts (that's you) cannot figure out how to fix
it, the Politicians *will*.

And how do you think they will do that, considering that politicians hardly
ever pass up an opportunity to control things and bring in more revenue?

I expect they will use the Postal Service as a model.

Yes, the Sender will pay.

While you might be thinking, "OK, I'm willing to pay $0.0001 per email if it
will eliminate spam," consider that:

1. The higher cost of snailmail has not stopped snailmail spam (junk mail).
[The Post Office makes money from junk mail.]

2. The higher cost of phone service has not stopped phone spammers
(Telemarketers). [The phone companies make money from selling telcom
services to Telemarketers.]

3. The rates for email will eventually be raised to the levels of snailmail
and telephone calls, perhaps higher, because of the value of almost instant
delivery.

They will justify it by offering premium services (just like the U.S. Postal
Service) of secure encryption (except for the backdoor for the 3-letter
agencies), certified delivery, delivery confirmation, etc.

They could conceivably require that *all* email be routed through their
servers in order to maintain proper control. (They'll call it the Electronic
Post Office.).

In any event, it will require new protocols and new software for everyone
wanting to use email.

So, if you don't fix the problem, the politicians will.

Their solution will cost everyone money, the democratic nature of the
Internet will be lost, everyone will have to get new software anyway, and it
won't even stop spam.


Jed Margolin


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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Sat Mar 22 16:29:49 2003
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Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 21:40:54 +0000 (GMT)

On Sat, 22 Mar 2003, Jed Margolin wrote:

> I am dismayed at the report that the IETF session was not productive.

...

> So, if you don't fix the problem, the politicians will.

I'm sorry, but I must have missed your point. Should we now consider our 
bottoms roundly spanked and cough up a solution? We'll get right on it.

Matt.

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From: Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] The "Human-Shield" effect; the need for end-user control
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Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 18:23:33 -0500

Hello;

  I've reviewed the past few days' traffic, and haven't seen this item
mentioned (maybe I overlooked it).  ISPs can block the most obnoxious
and egregious spammers *ON AN ISP-WIDE BASIS*, and all their customers
are happy.  However, outfits like Topica and Shagmail, that run
unconfirmed lists are a much more difficult problem.  The basic reason
is that their lists (or their customers' lists) do contain *SOME*
willing subscribers.  Let's pick an example number of 10%.  Let's also
assume random distribution.

  An ISP wants to block their biggest sources of spam.  Block 1 source,
and 90% of your customers are happier, because they see less spam.  10%
lose emails they want.  Oops.  Block a second spamsource.  81% of your
customers are happier (less spam), 19% lose emails they want.  Etc, etc.
Keep this up, and you will eventually alienate most of your customers on
a piecemeal basis.  ISPs don't want to risk this, so they don't block
any but the most obnoxious spammers.  The big mailers and/or their
customers know about this "Human Shield" effect.  And they probably
have a good idea of the actual "pain threshold" at which ISPs will start
blocking over this.  Because it's 100% identical content, coming from
the same IP address, no ISP-wide filtering algorithm can possibly be
100% accurate.  So the spammers can get away with diluting their lists,
and bump up the head count for advertising purposes quite a bit without
being blocked.  Blocking countries which effectively mailbomb your
customers carries the additional risk of being called racism in today's
politically correct climate, in addition to alienating the usual small
number of your customers who might have friends/family/business contacts
in South Korea, Nigeria, China, and Taiwan.

  The obvious solution to this is to give end-users the final say on a
per-user basis.  This is usually done after-the-fact.  It has drawbacks
which all stem from the fact that the entire email has to be received...

  - broadband ISPs in Canada surcharge their customers for bandwidth in
    excess of a monthly quota.  I'm not into P2P, so I never get near my
    quota, however, for anyone who is already at or above their quota,
    receiving the body of the spam email costs real money.

  - files have to be stored somewhere.  This means more and/or bigger
    hard drives.  The resulting higher costs are ultimately passed on to
    the consumer.

  - filtering on DNSbls is difficult, and filtering on the user's choice
    of DNSbls even more so

  - filtering on lack of "in-addr.arpa" rDNS, a very good spamsign, is
    also difficult

  End-user-control at the SMTP stage is actually possible, but it's a
relatively new thing.  I'm a customer of a small ISP that runs a
modified qmail, which parses a filter configuration file in the user's
home directory just after the RCPT: stage of the SMTP transaction.  If
the filter indicates the email should be rejected, qmail sends a 550
reject before the DATA: stage begins.

  43 spams in 10 days from South Korea in Korean character set that I
can't read (and my computer can't display) at the beginning of November
2002 is now just a bad memory.  Ditto for the sob-stories allegedly
from Mrs. Miriam Booga, widow of the late dictator of Nigeria, General
Ooga Booga.  Thanks to the zz.countries.nerd.dk zone, South Korea,
Nigeria, China, and Taiwan have disappeared from my email universe.
Blocking the 200.0.0.0/8 CIDR blocks the latest spammer attack route of
open proxies and/or willing hosts in South America.

  The USA has its share of spams coming from it.  Between...
  - Osirusoft which also offers other zones like Spamaus.org's SBL zone
  - open-proxy zones
  - dynamic IP zones
  - a few CIDRs that I've hard-coded in
  - blocking MTAs with no rDNS
..the torrent of US-originated spam has dropped to a trickle.

  In addition to me being a happy customer, the ISP has not alienated
any of its other customers by blocking email addressed to them.  And
the ISP would obviously have less liklihood of being hit by frivolous
lawsuits like Cyberpromo (Sanford Wallace) demanding that ISP-wide
filters be taken down at AOL.

  There are a few drawbacks...
  - this will obviously *NOT* work with multi-hop MTAs that have the
    external-facing machine blindly accept all email and relay it to a
    second machine that does the final delivery.
  - spammers are persistent.  If you block them at your primary MX,
    they'll try secondaries.  Some spammers try secondary MX *BEFORE*
    trying the primary.  Either the backups are identically configured,
    or else you have to run with only one MX.
  - there are questions about scalability when it comes to spawning a
    process that does multiple DNSbl lookups for each incoming email.
    This is less of a problem on *nix-based systems, where unnecessary
    processes can be shut down by sysadmins; even excluded in a
    custom-compiled kernel if necessary.  Windows-based MTAs have
    overhead from a gratuitous gui and a whole bunch of processes that
    aren't really necessary on a dedicated MTA.  And you can *NOT*
    modify/re-compile the "Windows kernel".
  - instead of a sysadmin configuring a potentially complex filter, the
    average end-user has to configure it.  Imagine your Aunt Ethel...
    - logging in to a shell.
    - parsing email headers to determine the originating IP address.
    - running whois to get more info about the spammer.
    - based on the output from whois, deciding which CIDR to block.
    - editting the filter config file with vi to implement the block.
    menu-driven configurators can do basic stuff, but getting the most
    out of the system requires getting one's hands dirty editing the
    config file.
  - since I'm a customer, not an admin, I don't have access to the log
    files.  The ISP emails me a listing of rejects on a monthly basis.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
An infinite number of monkeys pounding away on keyboards will
eventually produce a report showing that Windows is more secure,
and has a lower TCO, than linux.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200303222343.h2MNhHG4009728@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping)
References: <oydfzpflati.fsf@bert.cs.rice.edu>
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Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 16:43:17 -0700 (MST)

> From: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>

> ...
> A shiny new 3ghz system amortized at $1000/year over 3 years amortizes
> to $3/day, and is good for 300,000 ghz seconds/day. At a 1ghz*second
> of minting cost, the amortized cost per message is 100,000/$1. The
> spamvertizing costs are $100 buys a million? Thats $.0001/message, or
> ten times the costs to the spammer from minting. Even a minting cost
> of 60 ghz*seconds would only increase the cost to $600/million. Worse,
> Moore's law will eat into these costs by a factor of 8 over the next 5
> years.
>
> Thus, I think we'd need on the order of *AT LEAST* 10 ghz*minutes of
> hashcash to make spamming unaffordable, and perhaps 100 ghz minutes 5
> years down the line. IMO, would 10 ghz*minutes of CPU to mint just one
> stamp makes it impractical to expect a mail gateway to mint hashcash
> style stamps?
> ...

What is the minimumm speed CPU that you will allow to send mail?  A
25 MHz 486 is at least 200 and perhaps 500 or 1000 times slower than
a 3 GHz P4.  A 25 MHz 486 needs several minutes to generate 60
GHz*seconds of hashcash.  You might fix the problem for mailing lists
by somehow letting one coin work on many copies with some kind of
authentication (from crypto to envelope Mail_From) and authorization
from whitelisting on.  It is unrealistic to hope that users would
stand for a mail protocol that limits them 1 one mail message afer
several minutes of hard computing.  It is insane to expect ISPs to
force their customers to get new computers or tolerate such delays.

There are reasons why after at least 6 months the hashcash proposals
are still only ideas.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: <asrg@bobf.frankston.com>
To: "'Walter Dnes'" <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>, "'ASRG list'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] The "Human-Shield" effect; the need for end-user control
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Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 19:43:12 -0500
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" broadband ISPs in Canada surcharge their customers for bandwidth in
excess of a monthly quota".

1 movie at 10 GB is the same as how many spam messages? Given that 100GB
will soon be the norm...

... why do people think that spam is equivalent to the end of the world
and that  we must give up free speech and be complete trackable?

The real danger on this list is that it attracts those who want to save
us from something and think it is the most important thing. I joined
because I believe we can do better with email and that spam is simply a
side-effect of simplistic protocols and, for now, I do deal with it on
the client side. ISPs may also choose to provide services for their
users.

But, relax, it's not the end of the world. 

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Walter Dnes
Sent: Saturday, March 22, 2003 18:24
To: ASRG list
Subject: [Asrg] The "Human-Shield" effect; the need for end-user control

Hello;

  I've reviewed the past few days' traffic, and haven't seen this item
mentioned (maybe I overlooked it).  ISPs can block the most obnoxious
and egregious spammers *ON AN ISP-WIDE BASIS*, and all their customers
are happy.  However, outfits like Topica and Shagmail, that run
unconfirmed lists are a much more difficult problem.  The basic reason
is that their lists (or their customers' lists) do contain *SOME*
willing subscribers.  Let's pick an example number of 10%.  Let's also
assume random distribution.

  An ISP wants to block their biggest sources of spam.  Block 1 source,
and 90% of your customers are happier, because they see less spam.  10%
lose emails they want.  Oops.  Block a second spamsource.  81% of your
customers are happier (less spam), 19% lose emails they want.  Etc, etc.
Keep this up, and you will eventually alienate most of your customers on
a piecemeal basis.  ISPs don't want to risk this, so they don't block
any but the most obnoxious spammers.  The big mailers and/or their
customers know about this "Human Shield" effect.  And they probably
have a good idea of the actual "pain threshold" at which ISPs will start
blocking over this.  Because it's 100% identical content, coming from
the same IP address, no ISP-wide filtering algorithm can possibly be
100% accurate.  So the spammers can get away with diluting their lists,
and bump up the head count for advertising purposes quite a bit without
being blocked.  Blocking countries which effectively mailbomb your
customers carries the additional risk of being called racism in today's
politically correct climate, in addition to alienating the usual small
number of your customers who might have friends/family/business contacts
in South Korea, Nigeria, China, and Taiwan.

  The obvious solution to this is to give end-users the final say on a
per-user basis.  This is usually done after-the-fact.  It has drawbacks
which all stem from the fact that the entire email has to be received...

  - broadband ISPs in Canada surcharge their customers for bandwidth in
    excess of a monthly quota.  I'm not into P2P, so I never get near my
    quota, however, for anyone who is already at or above their quota,
    receiving the body of the spam email costs real money.

  - files have to be stored somewhere.  This means more and/or bigger
    hard drives.  The resulting higher costs are ultimately passed on to
    the consumer.

  - filtering on DNSbls is difficult, and filtering on the user's choice
    of DNSbls even more so

  - filtering on lack of "in-addr.arpa" rDNS, a very good spamsign, is
    also difficult

  End-user-control at the SMTP stage is actually possible, but it's a
relatively new thing.  I'm a customer of a small ISP that runs a
modified qmail, which parses a filter configuration file in the user's
home directory just after the RCPT: stage of the SMTP transaction.  If
the filter indicates the email should be rejected, qmail sends a 550
reject before the DATA: stage begins.

  43 spams in 10 days from South Korea in Korean character set that I
can't read (and my computer can't display) at the beginning of November
2002 is now just a bad memory.  Ditto for the sob-stories allegedly
from Mrs. Miriam Booga, widow of the late dictator of Nigeria, General
Ooga Booga.  Thanks to the zz.countries.nerd.dk zone, South Korea,
Nigeria, China, and Taiwan have disappeared from my email universe.
Blocking the 200.0.0.0/8 CIDR blocks the latest spammer attack route of
open proxies and/or willing hosts in South America.

  The USA has its share of spams coming from it.  Between...
  - Osirusoft which also offers other zones like Spamaus.org's SBL zone
  - open-proxy zones
  - dynamic IP zones
  - a few CIDRs that I've hard-coded in
  - blocking MTAs with no rDNS
..the torrent of US-originated spam has dropped to a trickle.

  In addition to me being a happy customer, the ISP has not alienated
any of its other customers by blocking email addressed to them.  And
the ISP would obviously have less liklihood of being hit by frivolous
lawsuits like Cyberpromo (Sanford Wallace) demanding that ISP-wide
filters be taken down at AOL.

  There are a few drawbacks...
  - this will obviously *NOT* work with multi-hop MTAs that have the
    external-facing machine blindly accept all email and relay it to a
    second machine that does the final delivery.
  - spammers are persistent.  If you block them at your primary MX,
    they'll try secondaries.  Some spammers try secondary MX *BEFORE*
    trying the primary.  Either the backups are identically configured,
    or else you have to run with only one MX.
  - there are questions about scalability when it comes to spawning a
    process that does multiple DNSbl lookups for each incoming email.
    This is less of a problem on *nix-based systems, where unnecessary
    processes can be shut down by sysadmins; even excluded in a
    custom-compiled kernel if necessary.  Windows-based MTAs have
    overhead from a gratuitous gui and a whole bunch of processes that
    aren't really necessary on a dedicated MTA.  And you can *NOT*
    modify/re-compile the "Windows kernel".
  - instead of a sysadmin configuring a potentially complex filter, the
    average end-user has to configure it.  Imagine your Aunt Ethel...
    - logging in to a shell.
    - parsing email headers to determine the originating IP address.
    - running whois to get more info about the spammer.
    - based on the output from whois, deciding which CIDR to block.
    - editting the filter config file with vi to implement the block.
    menu-driven configurators can do basic stuff, but getting the most
    out of the system requires getting one's hands dirty editing the
    config file.
  - since I'm a customer, not an admin, I don't have access to the log
    files.  The ISP emails me a listing of rejects on a monthly basis.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
An infinite number of monkeys pounding away on keyboards will
eventually produce a report showing that Windows is more secure,
and has a lower TCO, than linux.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
References: <EC9FAF1B-5AF6-11D7-AA5A-0003939CB5D8@startechgroup.co.uk>
From: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
Organization: Rice University
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: Sender pays vs Forgeries
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On Thu, 20 Mar 2003 17:11:00 +0000, Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk> writes:

> I've not seen any of the "Sender pays" (camram, money or otherwise) or
> "Whitelist"  people address this issue...
> 
> 
> Assumptions:
> 
> 1. The vast majority of spam is sent with invalid return addresses (be
> they forged or since-closed freemail accounts).
> 
> 2. A large proportion (approaching or in excess of 50%) of all email
> is spam.

3. Internet bandwidth is a valuable resource that needs to be conserved.

> Conclusions:
> 
> 1. First time contact "bounces", whether to ask for payment, or to ask
> for a computation, or to ask for "proof of human", get sent to an
> invalid address.
> 
> 2. Someone (most likely your ISP or email provider) has to deal with
> the resulting bounce from the receiving domain.
> 
> 3. A sender pays system doubles the number of junk emails traveling
> through the internet.

This would seem to be unimportant unless it uses assumptions A#3 above,
which could be argued to be not exactly accurate.

> 4. This can only be solved by somehow solving the problem of falsified
> return addresses.

I do not see how this follows from C#3, even assuming A#3 above.

> 
> 5. Solve (4) and you're half way there (perhaps all the way there?) to
> solving the spam problem, and you don't need sender pays.
> 
> 
> Anyone in the sender pays camp want to address these points?


Scott
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To: Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
cc: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] The "Human-Shield" effect; the need for end-user control
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Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 15:07:57 -0800 (PST)

I'v thought about all this before. I think it might be worth our time to 
define standard "mail-filter configuration" protocol. I imagine this being 
as something that would be located on some central database server and 
it would have "user configuration" update queries and "mail server check" 
read-only queries. 

All inbound mail servers (MX records) for domain would need to be able to 
interconnect to this database and parse filtering rules that they support. 
To make it easy for them to know where to connect to, best would be to 
define new SRV DNS record for mail filtering server, then if backup mx 
server supports it, it would lookup dns zone, pickup up one of such SRV 
records (more then one record/servers could exist for backup purposes, but 
all would have the same configuration, synchronization should be built as 
additional feature into protocol). 

For client side they could have special program just for filtering 
configuration, it could be built into mail client or could be web-based, 
but all would be able to access same configuraiton database. Also when 
users moves from one isp to another, he could retain his settings, which 
is very usefull.

Also as far as saying protocol, it would not necessarily be new protocol, 
but could be based on LDAP with defined scheme. But we would need to 
evaluate several protocols and create list of requirements like this is 
being done at CRISP working group working on new whois protocol.

What do you think of the above idea? I know there are lot of people on 
the list that represent anti-spam filtering software solutions, do you 
think you could work together to create standard for this?

On Sat, 22 Mar 2003, Walter Dnes wrote:

> Hello;
> 
>   I've reviewed the past few days' traffic, and haven't seen this item
> mentioned (maybe I overlooked it).  ISPs can block the most obnoxious
> and egregious spammers *ON AN ISP-WIDE BASIS*, and all their customers
> are happy.  However, outfits like Topica and Shagmail, that run
> unconfirmed lists are a much more difficult problem.  The basic reason
> is that their lists (or their customers' lists) do contain *SOME*
> willing subscribers.  Let's pick an example number of 10%.  Let's also
> assume random distribution.
> 
>   An ISP wants to block their biggest sources of spam.  Block 1 source,
> and 90% of your customers are happier, because they see less spam.  10%
> lose emails they want.  Oops.  Block a second spamsource.  81% of your
> customers are happier (less spam), 19% lose emails they want.  Etc, etc.
> Keep this up, and you will eventually alienate most of your customers on
> a piecemeal basis.  ISPs don't want to risk this, so they don't block
> any but the most obnoxious spammers.  The big mailers and/or their
> customers know about this "Human Shield" effect.  And they probably
> have a good idea of the actual "pain threshold" at which ISPs will start
> blocking over this.  Because it's 100% identical content, coming from
> the same IP address, no ISP-wide filtering algorithm can possibly be
> 100% accurate.  So the spammers can get away with diluting their lists,
> and bump up the head count for advertising purposes quite a bit without
> being blocked.  Blocking countries which effectively mailbomb your
> customers carries the additional risk of being called racism in today's
> politically correct climate, in addition to alienating the usual small
> number of your customers who might have friends/family/business contacts
> in South Korea, Nigeria, China, and Taiwan.
> 
>   The obvious solution to this is to give end-users the final say on a
> per-user basis.  This is usually done after-the-fact.  It has drawbacks
> which all stem from the fact that the entire email has to be received...
> 
>   - broadband ISPs in Canada surcharge their customers for bandwidth in
>     excess of a monthly quota.  I'm not into P2P, so I never get near my
>     quota, however, for anyone who is already at or above their quota,
>     receiving the body of the spam email costs real money.
> 
>   - files have to be stored somewhere.  This means more and/or bigger
>     hard drives.  The resulting higher costs are ultimately passed on to
>     the consumer.
> 
>   - filtering on DNSbls is difficult, and filtering on the user's choice
>     of DNSbls even more so
> 
>   - filtering on lack of "in-addr.arpa" rDNS, a very good spamsign, is
>     also difficult
> 
>   End-user-control at the SMTP stage is actually possible, but it's a
> relatively new thing.  I'm a customer of a small ISP that runs a
> modified qmail, which parses a filter configuration file in the user's
> home directory just after the RCPT: stage of the SMTP transaction.  If
> the filter indicates the email should be rejected, qmail sends a 550
> reject before the DATA: stage begins.
> 
>   43 spams in 10 days from South Korea in Korean character set that I
> can't read (and my computer can't display) at the beginning of November
> 2002 is now just a bad memory.  Ditto for the sob-stories allegedly
> from Mrs. Miriam Booga, widow of the late dictator of Nigeria, General
> Ooga Booga.  Thanks to the zz.countries.nerd.dk zone, South Korea,
> Nigeria, China, and Taiwan have disappeared from my email universe.
> Blocking the 200.0.0.0/8 CIDR blocks the latest spammer attack route of
> open proxies and/or willing hosts in South America.
> 
>   The USA has its share of spams coming from it.  Between...
>   - Osirusoft which also offers other zones like Spamaus.org's SBL zone
>   - open-proxy zones
>   - dynamic IP zones
>   - a few CIDRs that I've hard-coded in
>   - blocking MTAs with no rDNS
> ..the torrent of US-originated spam has dropped to a trickle.
> 
>   In addition to me being a happy customer, the ISP has not alienated
> any of its other customers by blocking email addressed to them.  And
> the ISP would obviously have less liklihood of being hit by frivolous
> lawsuits like Cyberpromo (Sanford Wallace) demanding that ISP-wide
> filters be taken down at AOL.
> 
>   There are a few drawbacks...
>   - this will obviously *NOT* work with multi-hop MTAs that have the
>     external-facing machine blindly accept all email and relay it to a
>     second machine that does the final delivery.
>   - spammers are persistent.  If you block them at your primary MX,
>     they'll try secondaries.  Some spammers try secondary MX *BEFORE*
>     trying the primary.  Either the backups are identically configured,
>     or else you have to run with only one MX.
>   - there are questions about scalability when it comes to spawning a
>     process that does multiple DNSbl lookups for each incoming email.
>     This is less of a problem on *nix-based systems, where unnecessary
>     processes can be shut down by sysadmins; even excluded in a
>     custom-compiled kernel if necessary.  Windows-based MTAs have
>     overhead from a gratuitous gui and a whole bunch of processes that
>     aren't really necessary on a dedicated MTA.  And you can *NOT*
>     modify/re-compile the "Windows kernel".
>   - instead of a sysadmin configuring a potentially complex filter, the
>     average end-user has to configure it.  Imagine your Aunt Ethel...
>     - logging in to a shell.
>     - parsing email headers to determine the originating IP address.
>     - running whois to get more info about the spammer.
>     - based on the output from whois, deciding which CIDR to block.
>     - editting the filter config file with vi to implement the block.
>     menu-driven configurators can do basic stuff, but getting the most
>     out of the system requires getting one's hands dirty editing the
>     config file.
>   - since I'm a customer, not an admin, I don't have access to the log
>     files.  The ISP emails me a listing of rejects on a monthly basis.
> 

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] If You Don't Fix It, The Politicians Will
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On Saturday, March 22, 2003, at 01:17  PM, Jed Margolin wrote:
> I am dismayed at the report that the IETF session was not productive.
>
> You should consider the following:
>
> 1. The Internet has become an important part of the Civilized World's
> infrastructure.
>
> 2. The Internet is threatened by the increasing volume of spam.
>
> 3. If the world's Internet Experts (that's you) cannot figure out how 
> to fix
> it, the Politicians *will*.

Not necessarily at all.  One of the reasons for the seeming disarray 
and lack of consensus is that this may not, in fact, be the type of 
problem that is tractable by bodies like the IETF (and its associated 
groups like IRTF->ASRG and so forth).

Some problems are best solved by creating standards and protocols.

Some problems are best solved by the market.

Some problems are best solved by a combination of the two,

-- 
Michael C. Berch
mcb@postmodern.com

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Tony Finch wrote:

> (2) prevents you from having more than one manager for a list that
> doesn't have automated bounce handling.

I think you mean more than one recipient for a list which has no bounce 
handling whatsoever.  We don't want those either.

> Neither of these checks prevents spammers.

No "check prevents spammers".

But they do block a heck of a lot of spam.

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Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 17:43:17 -0800

At 01:02 PM 3/22/2003 -0500, Damien Morton wrote:
>I wonder if the problems of mailing lists are sufficient reason not to
>implement a reasonable spam preventative.
>
>I know the members of this list have a valid concern about the needs of
>mailing lists, but I would suggest that the vast majority of email users
>do not share those concerns.
>
>At any rate, I tend to think that mailing lists are better handled using
>NNTP.

While I think NNTP still has place, the consolidation of Usenet SPs has 
allowed them to become a future choke point against unpopular or illegal 
speech (on the Internet everything is illegal all the time somewhere).

steve

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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 17:50:57 -0800

At 01:22 PM 3/22/2003 -0500, you wrote:
>At 11:55 AM -0600 3/22/03, Scott A Crosby wrote:
>>This had better be a wish list; if a solution must satisfy all of
>>these requirements, I'm packing up and going home.
>
>That's standard practice for a requirements list.  First you wish 
>everything you could possibly want.  Then you start to compromise. Ditto 
>on architectures.

I find that from a practical stand point this may be backwards.  First, you 
set down in writing and get written buy-in from the parties in authority 
(assuming there are any) what the proposed system/product will NOT DO and 
once set you don't allow this to change for at least the first release 
(assuming there are several release possible or planned).  Doing otherwise 
invites constant feature/mission creep.  After many years of successful and 
unsuccessful project developments I've learned to walk away if I can't get 
this first item resolved.

steve

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To: william@elan.net
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] The "Human-Shield" effect; the need for end-user
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Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 20:34:54 -0500

At 3:07 PM -0800 3/22/03, william@elan.net wrote:
>Also as far as saying protocol, it would not necessarily be new protocol,
>but could be based on LDAP with defined scheme. But we would need to
>evaluate several protocols and create list of requirements like this is
>being done at CRISP working group working on new whois protocol.
>
>What do you think of the above idea? I know there are lot of people on
>the list that represent anti-spam filtering software solutions, do you
>think you could work together to create standard for this?

There are some issues.  Your filter server's capabilities may not be 
the same as mine, for instance.  But in general, the idea of a common 
mechanism for expressing your filter desires (what countries, what 
languages, what's the white list, what's the blacklist, what IP's or 
RBLs...) is a good idea.  We have already done some preliminary work 
in this area with our product.

While you could standardize the database<->MTA communication layer, I 
suspect that's going to be pretty custom from product to product. 
However it definitely makes sense to have a standard mechanism for 
getting filter information from the MUA.  And (although I shudder to 
hear myself say so), some type of XML specification would probably 
make a lot of sense here.  It has the flexibility such that you could 
work with different filter products, but still have a common 
front-end for the settings.  The back-end filter can provide a 
capability list.  The MUA or filter client would let you specify the 
values--providing custom interfaces for the ones it understood, if 
necessary, and generic interfaces for the rest.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] The "Human-Shield" effect; the need for end-user
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Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 20:44:03 -0500

At 7:43 PM -0500 3/22/03, <asrg@bobf.frankston.com> wrote:
>" broadband ISPs in Canada surcharge their customers for bandwidth in
>excess of a monthly quota".
>
>1 movie at 10 GB is the same as how many spam messages? Given that 100GB
>will soon be the norm...
>
>... why do people think that spam is equivalent to the end of the world
>and that  we must give up free speech and be complete trackable?

Because we don't live in a fantasy world where 100GB is the norm.

In urban areas, in developed countries, you *might* continue to see 
the increase in bandwidth that you are talking about.  But I know a 
lot of people who's internet connections in the past 10 years have 
increased by a stunning 2x.  (28.8 to 56).  And that's in the U.S.. 
Please think globally.

>But, relax, it's not the end of the world.

My daughter has a fifth grade classmate who spends 15-20 minutes 
during  lunch break cleaning the spam out of her in-box--every day. 
And she's not the only one doing it.  Do you think those email 
accounts are going to be useable by the time they graduate from high 
school?

Nobody is looking to make everyone completely trackable.  What we are 
aiming for is making people *accountable*.  I believe it is fully 
possible to make a system whereby people are accountable for the 
email they send (by domain, or by email address, or internet 
connection) without having that email linked (any more than it 
already is--which is pretty tight, all things considered) to a 
physical individual.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping)
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Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 17:59:41 -0800

At 04:43 PM 3/22/2003 -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> > From: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
> > Thus, I think we'd need on the order of *AT LEAST* 10 ghz*minutes of
> > hashcash to make spamming unaffordable, and perhaps 100 ghz minutes 5
> > years down the line. IMO, would 10 ghz*minutes of CPU to mint just one
> > stamp makes it impractical to expect a mail gateway to mint hashcash
> > style stamps?
> > ...
>
>What is the minimumm speed CPU that you will allow to send mail?  A
>25 MHz 486 is at least 200 and perhaps 500 or 1000 times slower than
>a 3 GHz P4.  A 25 MHz 486 needs several minutes to generate 60
>GHz*seconds of hashcash.  You might fix the problem for mailing lists
>by somehow letting one coin work on many copies with some kind of
>authentication (from crypto to envelope Mail_From) and authorization
>from whitelisting on.  It is unrealistic to hope that users would
>stand for a mail protocol that limits them 1 one mail message afer
>several minutes of hard computing.  It is insane to expect ISPs to
>force their customers to get new computers or tolerate such delays.

You're still, I think foolishly, focused on an ISP-oriented 
solution.  Sender-pays makes them most sense when the client SW is capable, 
if not singularly empowered, to enforce the payment mechanism at the 
receiving point.


>There are reasons why after at least 6 months the hashcash proposals
>are still only ideas.

The reason is mostly that there are lots of arm chair generals but fewer 
competent programmers.

steve

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From: "Gordon Fecyk - Home" <gordonf@pan-am.ca>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: [No Cyber-Nonsense Thanks] RE: [Asrg] This research group will fail
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> Spam is a business with growing revenue. The small business
> is sending spam. The big business is selling anti-spam-solutions.
> Obviously those, who's business is either one of these, try to prevent
> a simple and effective solution.
>
> The situation is similar to the virus/worm threat: Some parties make
> huge revenues with selling anti-virus-solutions. It would be their
> sudden death if application software and operating systems became
> virus proof. Some of the anti-virus-software manufacturers are
> suspected to viruses themselves in order to keep their business
> alive.

Companies in the Anti-Virus industry are so cut-throat that they can't
afford to spend valuable research dollars actually *writing* viruses.
McAffe got in major deep doo-doo when they tried something like that:

<http://vmyths.com/rant.cfm?id=279&page=4>

Wether McAfee actually wrote a virus or not isn't relevant.  The relevance
comes from Symantec outright accusing McAfee of doing so.  And Symantec
isn't any better:

<http://vmyths.com/rant.cfm?id=282&page=4>

As many of the same companies produce anti-spam software, I don't believe
they can afford to do anything stupid, like sell, produce, develop or even
sponsor spamming in the name of selling more anti-spam software.  They would
pounce on each other so hard you'd hear it from Tuktaiuktuk, never mind
anywhere on the Internet.

Besides, I'm not having delusions that we can come up with anti-spam
solutions that would eliminate something from these companies.  I for one am
interested in solving a particular problem.  Others are interested in
solving other particular problems, and I wish them all good luck.

--
PGP key (0x0AFA039E): <http://www.pan-am.ca/consulting@pan-am.ca.asc>
What's a PGP Key?  See <http://www.pan-am.ca/free.html>
GOD BLESS AMER, er, THE INTERNET. <http://vmyths.com/rant.cfm?id=401&page=4>

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No, I was thinking of of more complex scenario then just standartized xml 
filter list. While I agree that current spam filters implementations often 
use different methods for representing and getting rule set, I do not 
think we're at the point yet that we can not create a standard 
distribution mechanism and having central database server can 
often be easy (it may not have to be a requirement, i.e. one can only 
implement MUA->server filter update mechanism but large company/network 
with many incoming mail server would really benefit from cental server and 
if we standard way to represent rules, going futher to distributing them 
is not really such hard work, many implementations for such distributions 
already exist, its just a metter of choosing right one)

And I was thinking futher along the line of creating standard header lines 
on what filter has been used (for client MUA to know in standard format) 
and in order to allow for distributed filtering systems and removing 
necessity of applying same filter twice.

> At 3:07 PM -0800 3/22/03, william@elan.net wrote:
> >Also as far as saying protocol, it would not necessarily be new protocol,
> >but could be based on LDAP with defined scheme. But we would need to
> >evaluate several protocols and create list of requirements like this is
> >being done at CRISP working group working on new whois protocol.
> >
> >What do you think of the above idea? I know there are lot of people on
> >the list that represent anti-spam filtering software solutions, do you
> >think you could work together to create standard for this?
> 
> There are some issues.  Your filter server's capabilities may not be 
> the same as mine, for instance.  But in general, the idea of a common 
> mechanism for expressing your filter desires (what countries, what 
> languages, what's the white list, what's the blacklist, what IP's or 
> RBLs...) is a good idea.  We have already done some preliminary work 
> in this area with our product.
> 
> While you could standardize the database<->MTA communication layer, I 
> suspect that's going to be pretty custom from product to product. 
> However it definitely makes sense to have a standard mechanism for 
> getting filter information from the MUA.  And (although I shudder to 
> hear myself say so), some type of XML specification would probably 
> make a lot of sense here.  It has the flexibility such that you could 
> work with different filter products, but still have a common 
> front-end for the settings.  The back-end filter can provide a 
> capability list.  The MUA or filter client would let you specify the 
> values--providing custom interfaces for the ones it understood, if 
> necessary, and generic interfaces for the rest.

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Date: 23 Mar 2003 00:47:14 -0600

On Sat, 22 Mar 2003 16:43:17 -0700 (MST), Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> writes:

> > From: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
> 
> > ...
> > A shiny new 3ghz system amortized at $1000/year over 3 years amortizes
> > to $3/day, and is good for 300,000 ghz seconds/day. At a 1ghz*second
> > of minting cost, the amortized cost per message is 100,000/$1. The
> > spamvertizing costs are $100 buys a million? Thats $.0001/message, or
> > ten times the costs to the spammer from minting. Even a minting cost
> > of 60 ghz*seconds would only increase the cost to $600/million. Worse,
> > Moore's law will eat into these costs by a factor of 8 over the next 5
> > years.
> >
> > Thus, I think we'd need on the order of *AT LEAST* 10 ghz*minutes of
> > hashcash to make spamming unaffordable, and perhaps 100 ghz minutes 5
> > years down the line. IMO, would 10 ghz*minutes of CPU to mint just one
> > stamp makes it impractical to expect a mail gateway to mint hashcash
> > style stamps?
> > ...
> 

> What is the minimumm speed CPU that you will allow to send mail?  A
> 25 MHz 486 is at least 200 and perhaps 500 or 1000 times slower than
> a 3 GHz P4.  A 25 MHz 486 needs several minutes to generate 60

About 7 hours to compute a partial collision stamp. But, if the sender
already has a valid stamp (previously sent to them by the recipient),
they may use it with no computations. Recipients can compute
nonce-stamps at zero cost. Thus the 600ghz*seconds of CPU would only
be spent on new senders.

In any case, unless the cost is at least 60ghz seconds, and preferably
600ghz seconds, it is insufficient to make spam signifigantly more
expensive.

> GHz*seconds of hashcash.  You might fix the problem for mailing lists
> by somehow letting one coin work on many copies with some kind of
> authentication (from crypto to envelope Mail_From) and authorization
> from whitelisting on.  It is unrealistic to hope that users would
> stand for a mail protocol that limits them 1 one mail message afer
> several minutes of hard computing.  It is insane to expect ISPs to
> force their customers to get new computers or tolerate such delays.

Please reread the proposal, it has none of these properties.

Scott
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Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 22:04:19 -0800 (PST)

Some notes on your proposal:

I. ASRG can not send documents protocols to IETF for "protocols", they 
can only be or something that may become "informational" RFC
(Note: this is major difference between IRTF and IETF as was explained to me)
So your draft would have to go as individual submission especially since 
asrg is not yet at the point of submitting any kind of documents.

II. What you're proposing is just like SRV RMX record. But srv records are 
more advanced. Your point that DNS does not support it yet is not 
appropriate - you expect sites to update software to support DS draft but 
not update their dns software... I means if domain has to put this record 
in, it might as well update dns software, not that complex and if somebody 
is going to use the records, they'd have to update mail software, so I do 
not see problem updating dns software. But really this is not a main issue 
with the proposal...

III. As I already mentioned multiple times before this is typical 
"RMX/Mail-From" style proposal which has the following problems:
 1.You only authenticate MAIL FROM header but if "From:" is forged, that 
   is what user will see on their MUA, not MAIL FROM.
 2.Breaks mailing lists (all have to be whitelisted - see:
   https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/currest/msg00762.html
   You do have a section in the draft regarding mailing lists. But this 
   section is not correct. Correct would be to say that those usind DS 
   records MUST NOT send email to mailing list UNLESS mailing list has been
   WHITELISTED ON THE SERVER. There just no other way to deal with mailing 
   lists (not if it supports DS records or not, does not matter).
 3.Breaks majority of forwarding configurations. Again you have to 
   whitelist servers that may forward email to your server. Here the 
   situation is little worth, because spammers often put the use the same 
   domains in their from (ok, used to do it 2 years ago, now using free 
   mail services like yahoo or hotmail is more common)
 4.Roaming users (like me on IETF conference) can not send email directly 
   and have to authentication with their "home" mail server. Actually this 
   is the list of my problems... I would really prefer to separete SUBMIT 
   and server<->server SMTP and require authentication on SUBMIT.

On Sat, 22 Mar 2003, Gordon Fecyk - Home wrote:

> <http://www.pan-am.ca/draft-ietf-asrg-dsprotocol-00.txt>
> 
> As I haven't yet submitted it to the IETF, the version number hasn't
> changed.
> 
> The big question I was asked two weeks ago was: "What selfish reason do I
> have for implementing this protocol?"  Well, I've now provided several.
> 
> I've also added notes on mail forwarding, which is still going to be
> affected.  Mailing lists seem unaffected - every list I'm subscribed to
> either has "[$LIST]-request@" as the envelope sender or some other envelope
> sender for tracking delivery failures.
> 
> Finally I've added a note about RFC 2821 section 7.1.  That section says how
> efforts like mine remove otherwise useful functionality.  I've tried to
> address that.
> 
> --
> PGP key (0x0AFA039E): <http://www.pan-am.ca/consulting@pan-am.ca.asc>
> What's a PGP Key?  See <http://www.pan-am.ca/free.html>
> GOD BLESS AMER, er, THE INTERNET. <http://vmyths.com/rant.cfm?id=401&page=4>
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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On Sat, 22 Mar 2003 19:43:12 -0500, asrg@bobf.frankston.com wrote:

>... why do people think that spam is equivalent to the end of the world
>and that  we must give up free speech and be complete trackable?

Reality check: it is not the end of the world but it is darn
expensive and inconvenient.

Spam has nothing to do with free speech.  It is behavior, not
speech, that is involved.

Please, let us keep that in mind in this discussion.

Traceability is important to preserving order in a community, because
it is a method society has developed to attach consequences to behavior.

A system of traceability for the purpose of suppressing antisocial
behavior on the internet is completely compatible with a standard
menu of protections for free speech and public debate, just as it
is in the society at large.  There is no conflict here.

Jeffrey Race

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        <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping)
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Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2003 22:54:07 -0800 (PST)

I think there maybe problem with proposal in terms of making easy DoS 
attack on any mailing list server!

On 22 Mar 2003, Scott A Crosby wrote:

> On Sat, 22 Mar 2003 11:44:48 -0500, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> writes:
> 
> > Wait a second.  Most of my incoming email comes from mailing
> > lists. And in that case, if I read your proposal correctly, I'd have
> > to provide them with the stamps.  Said stamps take 10 minutes each to
> > generate.  I currently *average* 1800 incoming messages a week.  (I
> > love Eudora's "Statistics" window.)
> 
> I have two types of stamps. One type is partial hash collision
> stamps. The other is just random nonces. When you need some, you just
> find some random numbers and send them to the mailing list manager, or
> attached to outgoing messagges.  You remember these nonces as valid
> and 'forget them' as they are used. Storage is say, 3 months worth of
> nonces outstanding, or about 25000 nonces, 500kb to store.
> 
> Scott
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 09:50:42 +0000

>
>If certs were required to send mail, then we'd have big ISPs distributing
>CDROMs labelled "4000 free hours" and automatically issuing certs
>along with user names and passwords.  There would be no change from
>the current situation, except that the commercial CAs would have
>another revenue stream.
>


If Certs were required to send mail AND were only issued under strict terms
and conditions AND revocation for T&C violation was properly managed.
Then you'd have a CA that was actually earning its income.

I think these certificates would probably cost considerable more than
personal certs do now.

 




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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 10:14:20 +0000

> This is a strong response because the IAP/ISP distinction is fundamental
> to understanding the Internet. TCP/IP is a confusing term, it's the
> TCP,UDP (et al) layer vs the IP layer. That distinction essentially
> defines the Internet. The distinction is universal and clear.
> 

Yes, I read a book once as well.
However, let's consider frankston.com
I guess that you consider AT&T broadband
as your IAP ? and you don't rely on them for 
other services outside "access".
However, you're not an autonomous system - you're
leasing one of AT&Ts IPs - you don't have an allocation of your own.
I think I'm right(?)

Now, many people choose to hold the entity allocated an IP range
responsible for abuse originating in that range. This seems perfectly
logical to me, given that there's no way to tell from the outside where the
division of IAP / ISP
responsibilities falls.


Accordingly, AT&T seem have a right (based on protecting their assets and
good name) as well as a responsibility to the Internet community, to take
reasonable steps to ensure that you don't
 pump out loads of sh*t labelled with one of their IPs.

While these positions are widely held, the distinction you make can have
little practical application.


Of course it's an entirely different situation if you're an AS




> 
> If my IAP dares look inside my packets I will yell and scream about

It's probably better just to vote with your feet
(or credit card - that's the language they understand).






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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 10:42:01 +0000 (GMT)

On Sat, 22 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> At 3:07 PM -0800 3/22/03, william@elan.net wrote:
> >Also as far as saying protocol, it would not necessarily be new protocol,
> >but could be based on LDAP with defined scheme. But we would need to
> >evaluate several protocols and create list of requirements like this is
> >being done at CRISP working group working on new whois protocol.
> >
> >What do you think of the above idea? I know there are lot of people on
> >the list that represent anti-spam filtering software solutions, do you
> >think you could work together to create standard for this?
> 
> There are some issues.  Your filter server's capabilities may not be 
> the same as mine, for instance.  But in general, the idea of a common 
> mechanism for expressing your filter desires (what countries, what 
> languages, what's the white list, what's the blacklist, what IP's or 
> RBLs...) is a good idea.  We have already done some preliminary work 
> in this area with our product.

As have the IETF. See SEIVE.

Matt.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] The "Human-Shield" effect; the need for end-user control
To: <william@elan.net>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 11:07:40 +0000

> I'v thought about all this before. I think it might be worth our time to 
> define standard "mail-filter configuration" protocol. I imagine this
> being
> as something that would be located on some central database server and 
> it would have "user configuration" update queries and "mail server check"
> read-only queries. 
> 


Yes, perhaps.
There was a (short) thread on 
"What would consent look like?"
started on
Mon, 10 Mar 2003 10:45:34 +0000

Which might be relevant here.
:-)




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Subject: Re: [Asrg] The "Human-Shield" effect; the need for end-user control
To: "Kee Hinckley"  <nazgul@somewhere.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 11:31:20 +0000

> 
> There are some issues.  Your filter server's capabilities may not be 
> the same as mine, for instance.  But in general, the idea of a common 
> mechanism for expressing your filter desires (what countries, what 
> languages, what's the white list, what's the blacklist, what IP's or 
> RBLs...) is a good idea.  We have already done some preliminary work 
> in this area with our product.
> 
> While you could standardize the database<->MTA communication layer, I 
> suspect that's going to be pretty custom from product to product. 
> However it definitely makes sense to have a standard mechanism for 
> getting filter information from the MUA.  And (although I shudder to 
> hear myself say so), some type of XML specification would probably 
> make a lot of sense here.  It has the flexibility such that you could 
> work with different filter products, 


This is why we need some kind of consent-expression framework
(which I'm still trying to come up with a rough draft of) I like the idea
of (optionally signed) XML (shudder also).

Filter Configuration is just Consent Expression
turned on it's head - kind of

Also needed - a classification of message classification methods, so that
the end user can mane (and constrain the employment of) generic or
(specific/proprietary) mechanisms.

You also need a way if passing parameters - I guess - e.g.
probablities/scores


I'm interested in this so that I can build in to my webmail system a UI to
the filtering system which I can distribute better than the current system
which has to dump application specific filter files into the right place in
my MTA filesystem (uggh).
But obviously more general applications would work.

I'd expect consent to be available from a per-domain service such as
"consent.merseymail.com" or "merseymail.com:consent" and be cacheable (this
requires some TTL field).

It's likely such a system would support legislation which requires proof of
consent in advance.







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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Requirements for anti-spam systems-Draft 1
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 11:38:49 +0000

> >That's standard practice for a requirements list.  First you wish 
> >everything you could possibly want. Then you start to compromise. Ditto
> >on architectures.
> 
> 
> I find that from a practical stand point this may be backwards. First,
> you
> set down in writing and get written buy-in from the parties in authority 
> (assuming there are any) what the proposed system/product will NOT DO and

Doesn't that make for a rather long list?
1. Doesn't fly to moon.
2. Won't make toast
3. Probibited from kicking cat

etc....




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To: Jon Kyme <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] The "Human-Shield" effect; the need for end-user control
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 01:50:50 -0800 (PST)

Clear Consent is when end-user said he wants to receive email from you 
(whitelisting of email address or domain). Clear No Consent is when user 
specifically said he does not want to receive email from you (blacklisting).
Specifying of other mail filters are consent by user to use specific 
technology to filter out email. 

Anything that does not get stopped by the filter goes into final step 
which specifyies user's preference - either presumed consent or presumed 
denial. Denial may also be replaced by request for authorization which
maybe request to "buy" or calculate a stamp, go to specific webpage and 
look at the picture (or hear a sound) and aythorize there, send email to 
some other address, etc, etc.

And when user provided these settings for filtering this is alot better 
then presumed consent filtering by isp based on its own preferences and 
its opinion on what consent is.

On Sun, 23 Mar 2003, Jon Kyme wrote:

> > I'v thought about all this before. I think it might be worth our time to 
> > define standard "mail-filter configuration" protocol. I imagine this
> > being
> > as something that would be located on some central database server and 
> > it would have "user configuration" update queries and "mail server check"
> > read-only queries. 
> > 
> 
> 
> Yes, perhaps.
> There was a (short) thread on 
> "What would consent look like?"
> started on
> Mon, 10 Mar 2003 10:45:34 +0000
> 
> Which might be relevant here.
> :-)
> 
> 
> 
> 
> --
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] The "Human-Shield" effect; the need for end-user control
To: "Matt Sergeant"  <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 11:54:07 +0000

> > the idea of a common 
> > mechanism for expressing your filter desires (what countries, what 
> > languages, what's the white list, what's the blacklist, what IP's or 
> > RBLs...) is a good idea.  We have already done some preliminary work 
> > in this area with our product.
> 
> As have the IETF. See SEIVE.
> 

No. sieve is a filter language. I don't believe it's a general mechanism
for configuring disparate
"filter engines".






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Subject: Re: [Asrg] The "Human-Shield" effect; the need for end-user control
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 11:57:53 +0000

> 
> And when user provided these settings for filtering this is alot better 
> then presumed consent filtering by isp based on its own preferences and 
> its opinion on what consent is.
> 

Yes absolutely, that's why you need a consent expression framework.





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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 13:38:59 +0000 (GMT)

On Sun, 23 Mar 2003, Jon Kyme wrote:

> > > the idea of a common 
> > > mechanism for expressing your filter desires (what countries, what 
> > > languages, what's the white list, what's the blacklist, what IP's or 
> > > RBLs...) is a good idea.  We have already done some preliminary work 
> > > in this area with our product.
> > 
> > As have the IETF. See SEIVE.
> > 
> 
> No. sieve is a filter language. I don't believe it's a general mechanism
> for configuring disparate
> "filter engines".

Yes, I realise that, but I was thinking of it as a starting point - it 
defines a common ground in the filter space, so it may be worth re-using 
its syntax.

Matt.

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Subject: [Asrg] Eye for an eye: DDoS against spammers
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 09:05:11 -0500
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Though I'm not an advocate of "eye for an eye" mentality, it may just work
with spammers.

For example, a spammer sends out 1 million emails of which only a fraction
are received by real and active accounts, read, and either determined to be
spam by a content filter (not ideal) or manually designated as spam
(unwanted and unsolicited) by the recipient. Let's say 10000 of these spam
reportings come back from users.

Most spam messages have a call to action to visit a URL or call a phone
number.

URL DDoS: If, say, 10000 reportings share the same URL (see #3 below), then
those users each receive back word (see #4 below) to institute a distributed
denial of service (DDoS) attack against the URL they were originally given.
Each user hits the site, say, 77777 times so that the site gets over 777
million hits.

Phone DDoS: If, say, 10000 reportings share the same phone number, then
users in the local area (in the U.S., local calls are free) who have modems
institute a DDoS by dialing up the number 77 times and playing an audio
message describing why the DDoS is occurring. This number is smaller, since
it doesn't take 77777 times per user to cause DDoS on phones.

Issues with the idea:

1. Is it legal for this to occur in all or many countries? For example,
would it be considered legal harassment for a user to have her computer call
a number several times if the number were provided as discussed?

2. How would you stop someone framing someone else? If an unscrupulous
company wants to hurt their competitor, they could send out spam on behalf
of that competitor, with links or phone numbers back to their competitor.
The retribution ratios above (77777x for URL and 77x for phone) should be
chosen to compensate for true business that might be earned by the mailing.
Therefore, the competitor would both gain and lose equally by the actions of
its unscrupulous foe. That's why I prefer user designation of spam rather
than content filters, since otherwise spam emails could be crafted to make
the competitor lose much more than gain. Also, before doing a phone DDoS, at
least a few users should call to verify that the company that answers the
phone number actually purveys the spammed goods or services.

3. How do you compare URLs? Obviously, many URLs have path or query-string
values that make each unique, and even the subdomain may be generated (i.e.
werowobirwub.<spamdomain>.com). Therefore, I think that each user should
make a handful of nslookups on their local DNS to get the IP of the targeted
machine, and get a list in case there are multiple A records (several IP
addresses for a single domain). However, the DDoS hit goes back to the full
URL, so that if spammers are operating from shared servers, the service
operators will know who to kick off their system.

4. Instructions to institute a DDoS attack need to be authentic. When users
send a spam reporting to their local I4I (eye for an eye DDoS system)
server, they include a message encrypted using that user's public key. The
encrypted message is returned to the user with the DDoS instruction, and the
user only considers it authentic if they can decrypt the included message
with their private key.

5. What are the rules for I4I (eye for an eye DDoS system) servers? First,
there's not just one global server; there are many local ones just like DNS.
An I4I server needs to support enough users (or work with other I4I servers
to have enough combined users) to adequately tally up spam from individual
sources. A tuned number of spam messages would need to come within a tuned
timeframe (i.e. 24 hours) from a particular source (same URL IP - #3 above,
or same phone) before the contributing users are instructed to attack. The
attack is proportional to the spam received (77777x or 77x).


What other issues can you think of? Feedback?

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The way to solve the bounce problem, pre-emptively if possible, is to 
standardize the format of bounce messages so that they can only contain 
an error code and the e-mail address of the bounce. They'd then be 
turned into a description by the client.

Frankly, that's how they should have worked originally, for 
internationalization reasons...


mathew

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On Thursday, Mar 20, 2003, at 20:06 US/Eastern, Ye Olde Curmdudgeon 
wrote:
> The Caller-ID for phone calls is buggy since it doesn't tell me who is 
> calling, just which phone they happen to be using.

Actually, caller ID as sold to residential customers is no better than 
a From: line. There are autodialer products on sale that will set the 
caller ID readout to be whatever the telemarketer wants; see RISKS 
digest recently.

Not many telemarketers bother to use them, presumably because not 
enough people screen on the basis of caller ID for it to be worth the 
outlay.

It'll be interesting to see if the "do not call" list signed into law 
results in telemarketers setting up fake caller ID info and calling 
anyway.


mathew

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On Thursday, Mar 20, 2003, at 23:32 US/Eastern, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
>>    The 1,000,000 email addresses that we provide each week are 
>> general,
>>    non-targeted addresses, and are about 90% USA-based.  These are not
>>    opt-in addresses, but we have removed many of the flamers and
>>    trouble-makers from the lists. We run them all through our 
>> commercial
>>    grade verification programs to ensure deliverability.
>
> Lovely. Let's become "trouble-makers".

For a while, I would complain about every single spam. I'd track down 
the owner of the web site being advertised, and complain to their ISP. 
It worked quite well--at a time when other people I knew with 
well-known public e-mail addresses were getting 20-30 spams a day, I 
was getting 2-3.

I noticed that the spam I got was the real dregs, from folk with room 
temperature IQ. They'd send HTML as the body of a text/plain e-mail 
message, filled with spelling mistakes, advertising chest enlargement 
creams and other products only a really gullible moron would buy. So it 
seemed that by complaining, I filtered out the even-remotely-smart 
spammers.

However, over the last year or so, complaining simply stopped working 
as a strategy. There are too many spammers now who don't care how much 
trouble they cause, and too many morons. So now I get 60-80 pieces of 
spam a day, almost all so inept that SpamAssassin has no trouble 
filtering them out. I've yet to get a single false-positive, in fact.


mathew

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On Friday, Mar 21, 2003, at 16:27 US/Eastern, wayne wrote:
> Prank phone calls are illegal.

They are? Can you explain how Comedy Central manages to avoid getting 
prosecuted for "Crank Yankers"?


mathew

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On Saturday, Mar 22, 2003, at 13:50 US/Eastern, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 1:02 PM -0500 3/22/03, Damien Morton wrote:
>> At any rate, I tend to think that mailing lists are better handled 
>> using
>> NNTP.
>
> There are plent of reasons not to use NNTP for mailing lists. Privacy, 
> spam control and member control come immediately to mind.

You know that authentication via NNTP is possible, right?

I agree with Damien Morton. Almost all mailing lists would be better as 
newsgroups.

If NNTP was the accepted way to do group discussions, you'd soon see 
yahoogroups and other discussion forum services offering NNTP. (Not 
sure why they don't already.)


mathew

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On Sunday, Mar 23, 2003, at 01:04 US/Eastern, william@elan.net wrote:
> III. As I already mentioned multiple times before this is typical
> "RMX/Mail-From" style proposal which has the following problems:
[deleted]

Also, I don't see how this helps at all on a net where there are 
hundreds of thousands of open relays, all of which we assume would have 
valid designated-sender records and hence be allowed to relay spam to 
you.


mathew

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] rDNS revisited 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 21 Mar 2003 11:02:33 EST."
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 05:32:30 -0500

"M Wild" <asrg@wildm.com> wrote:
> Alrighty then...are there flaws with using rDNS?  Yes there are, many of
> which various posters have covered.  I am not claiming that it is the end
> all/be all solution it just worked on *MY* mail servers.  spam ...
> on my test account went from 180 messages per day to *TWO*  I don't think
> anyone can argue that those numbers show that the test is effective.

  ... for *you*.  It's anecodotal, and may not apply for others.

  This is one of the problems I have with many of the solutions.  The
proponents have tried their proposals, and seen a benefit.  It then
takes great effort to convince them that everyone else may NOT see a
benefit.

  I don't mean to shoot down any proposals, or to deny your
experience, but please understand that it may not be other peoples
experience.  We will need research, statistics, and analysis to
determine which solutions work, and what part of the problem space
they cover.

  Alan DeKok.
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 08:16:22 -0700 (MST)

> To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org

> > > Thus, I think we'd need on the order of *AT LEAST* 10 ghz*minutes of
> ...

> >What is the minimumm speed CPU that you will allow to send mail?  A
> >25 MHz 486 is at least 200 and perhaps 500 or 1000 times slower than
> >a 3 GHz P4.  A 25 MHz 486 needs several minutes to generate 60
> >GHz*seconds of hashcash.  You might fix the problem for mailing lists
> ...

> You're still, I think foolishly, focused on an ISP-oriented 
> solution.  Sender-pays makes them most sense when the client SW is capable, 
> if not singularly empowered, to enforce the payment mechanism at the 
> receiving point.

Ok, but what about the main question?  What is the minimum speed CPU
that you will allow to send mail?  Do you expect everyone from now on
to buy equal speed CPUs?  How else do you ensure that the spammers
don't have CPUs that are 10,000 times faster than spam targets?

> >There are reasons why after at least 6 months the hashcash proposals
> >are still only ideas.
>
> The reason is mostly that there are lots of arm chair generals but fewer 
> competent programmers.

I can't disagree; standards committees, netnews groups, and bars are
always filled with non-players eager to tell the players how to play.
However, a willingess to admit and deal with fundamental design problems
such as the span of real CPU speeds is part of being a competent
programmer.  At the end of the day, competent programmers are those
who have programmed competently.  How is your sender-pays implementation
working?  How much of your incoming mail is sender-paid, and how much
is simply whitelisted?  (If I'm confused about which solution you have
implemented, please forgive me and say how it is working.)

Only about 1% of the spam sent my way gets through my filters, but I
must admit that the DCC is applied to only the leavings of my static
filters.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: [OffTopic - NNTP]
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On Sunday, March 23, 2003, at 07:05  AM, mathew wrote:

> You know that authentication via NNTP is possible, right?

Of course, managing that authentication is something else. A while 
back, I was asked to investigate building a gateway between our 
corporate mail server and our corporate usenet system. With some 1x,000 
internal mailing lists, about 75% of them private and restricted and 
most of those containing confidential data. We abandoned it after 
realizing that managing the authentication of the system would require 
a full time admin (the mail list side is effectively self-administered; 
we found migrating that self-administration out to an NNTP extension 
problematic. YMMV).

You also run into a huge problem with private data on NNTP -- once a 
user authenticates to read it, they also have the ability to move it to 
their server where you've lost control of it for authentication 
purposes. This is also somewhat of a problem with e-mail, of course, 
but a lesser one. there's a huge difference here in potential calamity 
between someone forwarding email to his friends and someone attaching 
to a private newsgroup on a corporate server with his personal NNTP 
server and not realizing it's set up so that private newsgroup will 
accidentally propogate into the main public NNTP feeds. The impact of a 
leak via e-mail is almost always more restricted adn easier to resolve.

That shows one key problem with this idea: it assumes "mailing list" == 
"public discussion lists like this forum", and that's not true. Within 
an organization, most mailing lists are private, which makes an NNTP 
implementation difficult and security of the data problematic. Many of 
those lists also extend outside of the organization, which makes them 
impossible. and cross-organizational mail lists (on a simplistic level, 
any mail list that has at least one subscriber that isn't part of your 
mail server)  you can't do it.

so a significant percentage of the mail lists that exist can't use the 
solution. For those that possibly can, you create administrative and 
security issues to deal with. Will your corporate info-sec folks 
actually let you stuff corporate confidential data into private 
newsgroups on a server that gateways to the outside world (for the rest 
of usenet's groups)? I know mine would have a cow if that data got 
anywhere near a machine that could be touched by the outside world. And 
they should.

> I agree with Damien Morton. Almost all mailing lists would be better 
> as newsgroups.

you think so. So far, I've seen 2 or 3 others on this list make the 
same assertion.

That agrees with what I know from experience: back in 1998, I *did* 
make all of my public mailling lists available via an NNTP interface. 
While the main list server had a unique subscriber base of > 10,000 -- 
about a dozen used the NNTP interface.

The "pro-NNTP" people on this list seem to back up those kind of 
numbers. A very small group of people strongly prefer NNTP over other 
distribution technologies; they tend (based on my experience listening 
to them try to convince me to do the NNTP thing again every few months) 
to feel strongly it's the best thing since sliced bread; their overall 
enthusiasm is quite high; their numbers are tiny. And for the most 
part, they tend to be people who've been on the internet for a fairly 
long time, and are somewhat set in their ways -- their habits trained 
in a day when e-mail clients weren't as featured, and NNTP/Usenet was 
more central to the internet experience.

>
> If NNTP was the accepted way to do group discussions,

which it's not, for many good reasons.


> you'd soon see yahoogroups and other discussion forum services 
> offering NNTP. (Not sure why they don't already.)
>

Because NNTP is a fading, mature protocol. authentication 
administration is a pain. you might as well ask why we don't store 
files on a gopher server any more, either. Most folks don't care, don't 
want to use a separate client tool, and don't see any advantage to it, 
and it doesn't really save bandwidth under most circumstances, and many 
lists can't be wedged into the NNTP reality, so you create user 
confusion because now two things that they think are the same are done 
via different tools in different ways, and they don't understand why.

Since, because of the private list problem, you can't move all mail 
lists off to NNTP anyway, it doesn't solve he problem, it just creates 
complexity and confusion.





-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/


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From: "Gordon Fecyk - Home" <gordonf@pan-am.ca>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Update to DS Protocol draft
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> I. ASRG can not send documents protocols to IETF for
> "protocols", they
> can only be or something that may become "informational" RFC

Semantics.  Whatever.  I'll submit it as a private draft.

> II. What you're proposing is just like SRV RMX record.

Actually, no.  From what I've read on RMX it's not IP based.  It's too easy
to falsify anything else.

> Your point that DNS does not support it yet is not
> appropriate - you expect sites to update software to support
> DS draft but not update their dns software...
> I means if domain has to put  this record in, it might as well
> update dns software, not that complex

Tell that to a Microsoft house[1].  Especially a M$ house not upgrading to
Win2003 Server because they don't trust it.

> III. As I already mentioned multiple times before this is typical
> "RMX/Mail-From" style proposal which has the following problems:
>  1.You only authenticate MAIL FROM header but if "From:" is
> forged, that
>    is what user will see on their MUA, not MAIL FROM.

I'm not interested in the body of the message.  Yes, it's easy to falsify
the headers or the envelope.  I'm saying these forgeries will be easier to
track for sites using DS.

I'm also not deluded into thinking this will solve all mail forgeries.  I'm
only interested in accountability, and this improves accountability
dramatically for little cost - updating the MTA only and adding a few DNS
records.

>  2.Breaks mailing lists (all have to be whitelisted - see:
>
> https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/currest
> /msg00762.html

All mailing lists I subscribe to have either $listname-request@list.host or
a complicated return envelope for tracking bounces.  And I subscribe to
majordomo, listserv, yahoogroups and EMWAC IMS based lists.  I'll show you
some log entries from my mail server:

<B0000025417@srv1.fecyk.ca> [22/Mar/2003:11:19:37] 209.228.33.247
c007.snv.cp.net
blst-errors.300002469.805908187.844622903.008.15118.0@boing.topica.com
mmajor@pan-am.ca
<B0000025514@srv1.fecyk.ca> [22/Mar/2003:22:32:04] 209.228.33.246
c007.snv.cp.net
sentto-113989-4623-1048393919-mmajor=Astronomi-con.com@returns.groups.yahoo.
com mmajor@pan-am.ca
<B0000025510@srv1.fecyk.ca> [22/Mar/2003:22:03:33] 209.119.0.109
cherry.ease.lsoft.com owner-SPAM-L@PEACH.EASE.LSOFT.COM gordonf@FECYK.CA
<B0000025519@srv1.fecyk.ca> [23/Mar/2003:00:51:33] 132.151.1.19
www1.ietf.org asrg-admin@ietf.org gordonf@pan-am.ca
(repeated several times)
<B0000025536@srv1.fecyk.ca> [23/Mar/2003:06:33:12] 65.198.151.222
web8.gemini.dice.com jobs@jobmail.dice.com gordonf@fecyk.ca
<B0000025544@srv1.fecyk.ca> [23/Mar/2003:08:35:50] 207.195.213.10
poet.minstrel.com owner-nordskogen@poet.minstrel.com gordonf@fecyk.ca

You're telling me that these will break under DS protocol and will have to
be whitelisted?  They all have return-paths pointing back to something other
than the original sender, usually the list owner or sometimes a bounce
processor.  These would not be blocked under DS.

Mailing lists that don't do that are broken already.

>  3.Breaks majority of forwarding configurations. Again you have to
>    whitelist servers that may forward email to your server. Here the
>    situation is little worth, because spammers often put the
> use the same
>    domains in their from (ok, used to do it 2 years ago, now
> using free
>    mail services like yahoo or hotmail is more common)

Now these would require changes to MTA software and I freely admitted that.

>  4.Roaming users (like me on IETF conference) can not send
> email directly
>    and have to authentication with their "home" mail server.

SMTP AUTH, POPAUTH, etc take care of this.  It's actually my point - you
should use the resources you're authorized to use.  I can roam, hell I've
even had to sit on someone's Charter connection, then Earthlink, then some
local ISP during my last road trip, and I could still send mail through my
own server.

[1] And you're deluded if you say that anyone running MS server software is
not worthy/asking for trouble/a waste of time/etc.  Fact is, it's out there
and there isn't thing-one we can do about it.

--
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> Also, I don't see how this helps at all on a net where there are
> hundreds of thousands of open relays, all of which we assume
> would have
> valid designated-sender records and hence be allowed to relay spam to
> you.

I cover this as a Security Consideration in the draft.

Let's see, a site running an open relay participating in DS Protocol.  That
doesn't make a whole lot of sense.  Sites choosing to use DS are likely well
aware of the spam problem and have already secured their systems against
relay theft.

--
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 09:34:45 -0800

At 11:38 AM 3/23/2003 +0000, Jon Kyme wrote:
> > >That's standard practice for a requirements list.  First you wish
> > >everything you could possibly want. Then you start to compromise. Ditto
> > >on architectures.
> >
> >
> > I find that from a practical stand point this may be backwards. First,
> > you
> > set down in writing and get written buy-in from the parties in authority
> > (assuming there are any) what the proposed system/product will NOT DO and
>
>Doesn't that make for a rather long list?
>1. Doesn't fly to moon.
>2. Won't make toast
>3. Probibited from kicking cat

Hehe, yes it could.  Still, its amazing what quick progress can be made 
when prohibitions within the "universe" of reasonable system/product 
features are clearly delineated early.

steve

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From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>
Reply-To: asrg@ietf.org
Organization: Vorteon, LLC
To: mathew <meta@pobox.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [MLIST]  Re: [Asrg] Update to DS Protocol draft
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Assuming the DS idea is similar to my idea (outlined at 
http://www.vorteon.com/papers/spam_reduction_through_dns.html ),
this would prevent any open relay from delivering messages to my mail server 
where the real admin of the from domain had their DNS properly configured.
i.e
open relay = 10.3.3.3
MAIL FROM domain = aol.com

my mail server will check with the DNS server at aol.com and discover that the 
open relay at 10.3.3.3 is not a valid aol.com server and will not allow mail 
delivery.  This is a tremendous help as it limits the ability of a spammer to 
abuse an open relay with false message headers.  They could, of course, still 
abuse the open relay using the domain names that it is a legitimate server 
for.

On Sunday 23 March 2003 09:13 am, mathew wrote:
> On Sunday, Mar 23, 2003, at 01:04 US/Eastern, william@elan.net wrote:
> > III. As I already mentioned multiple times before this is typical
> > "RMX/Mail-From" style proposal which has the following problems:
>
> [deleted]
>
> Also, I don't see how this helps at all on a net where there are
> hundreds of thousands of open relays, all of which we assume would have
> valid designated-sender records and hence be allowed to relay spam to
> you.
>
>
> mathew
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Eye for an eye: DDoS against spammers
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 13:08:01 -0500

At 9:05 AM -0500 3/23/03, Dave Lampert wrote:
>Though I'm not an advocate of "eye for an eye" mentality, it may just work
>with spammers.

Ah yes.  I've had many people try to take my eye out as a result of 
spam.  Mail bomb's, threats to my family.  But my favorite response 
was this one:

>>Gather evil into your briars
>>Reflect negativity back to its sender
>>all ill will or any blight
>>Snatch from the air and send it back in flight
>>Seek out the one who did this deed
>>That it return to them thrice
>>by magick's creed
>>Hence more contact made by he
>>spew his negativity back times three.
>>
>>So Mote It Be



>URL DDoS: If, say, 10000 reportings share the same URL (see #3 below), then

And if the spammer includes more than one URL--one of which is to a 
site which they don't like?

>Phone DDoS: If, say, 10000 reportings share the same phone number, then

I know people to whom this has happened.  It works this way.
1. ISP gets spammer in trouble.
2. Spammer sends spam using ISP owner's home phone number as the contact.
3. ISP owner changes home phone number.

You are talking about vigilante justice.  Its a *very* bad idea.

>1. Is it legal for this to occur in all or many countries? For example,
>would it be considered legal harassment for a user to have her computer call
>a number several times if the number were provided as discussed?

Yes, it would be harassment.  Yes you could get in serious trouble.

>2. How would you stop someone framing someone else? If an unscrupulous
>company wants to hurt their competitor, they could send out spam on behalf

You don't.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 13:16:31 -0500

At 10:05 AM -0500 3/23/03, mathew wrote:
>On Saturday, Mar 22, 2003, at 13:50 US/Eastern, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>>At 1:02 PM -0500 3/22/03, Damien Morton wrote:
>>>At any rate, I tend to think that mailing lists are better handled using
>>>NNTP.
>>
>>There are plent of reasons not to use NNTP for mailing lists. 
>>Privacy, spam control and member control come immediately to mind.
>
>You know that authentication via NNTP is possible, right?

Ah.  I understand.  You're talking about the owner of the mailing 
list running an NNTP server, as opposed to actually using Usenet. 
Okay, that makes more sense.  Yes, I wish that were more common.  Of 
course it seriously increases the cost of running a list.  You need 
to have an always up machine with some amount of fixed storage.  And 
we need better newsreaders that make it easier to download new 
messages for off-line reading.

>If NNTP was the accepted way to do group discussions, you'd soon see 
>yahoogroups and other discussion forum services offering NNTP. (Not 
>sure why they don't already.)

I have never understood the resistance to using newsgroups.  Yet 
customers choose web boards (which I despise) over them every time. 
I think it's just a question of what people are used to.  The came to 
the internet via the web and then discovered email (or vice versa). 
Now you want to introduce a third piece of software, and they've 
already got something that manages to do solve the problem so-so. 
They don't want to learn something new that is custom designed to 
deal with this problem, but isn't (general rule of thumb) an order of 
magnitude better.

I think there's a lesson there for people who want to replace email 
with something better.  Inertia is a real powerful force.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 13:24:09 -0500

At 10:13 AM -0500 3/23/03, mathew wrote:
>On Sunday, Mar 23, 2003, at 01:04 US/Eastern, william@elan.net wrote:
>>III. As I already mentioned multiple times before this is typical
>>"RMX/Mail-From" style proposal which has the following problems:
>[deleted]
>
>Also, I don't see how this helps at all on a net where there are 
>hundreds of thousands of open relays, all of which we assume would 
>have valid designated-sender records and hence be allowed to relay 
>spam to you.

It means that the spammer would have to use the relay's domain in the 
envelope from.  And that makes identify the problematic relay that 
much easier.

Of course that assumes that someone who is running an open relay 
would have bothered to update their DNS to support this.  Not likely.

Remember.  None of these non-architectural solutions are going to 
solve the entire problem.  I think what we should be thinking of is a 
jigsaw puzzle.  Can we put enough pieces in place that the entire 
picture is clear--even if there are a few  holes.

Okay, that was a lousy metaphor.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: william@elan.net
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Update to DS Protocol draft
Cc: Gordon Fecyk - Home <gordonf@pan-am.ca>,
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 13:21:22 -0500

At 10:04 PM -0800 3/22/03, william@elan.net wrote:
>II. What you're proposing is just like SRV RMX record. But srv records are
>more advanced. Your point that DNS does not support it yet is not
>appropriate - you expect sites to update software to support DS draft but
>not update their dns software... I means if domain has to put this record
>in, it might as well update dns software, not that complex and if somebody

There's a big difference between adding new entries in your DNS 
database and updating your DNS software.  I'd do the first in a 
second.  The latter requires that I a) wait until my DNS vendor 
supports it and b) am convinced that I need the new feature and want 
to take the risk of new software.

>is going to use the records, they'd have to update mail software, so I do
>not see problem updating dns software. But really this is not a main issue
>with the proposal...

Again.  As I understand the proposal, it's the difference between 
adding a plugin that is very similar to existing DNS checking 
plugins, vs. new libraries and protocols.  Big difference.

People are real reluctant to add new protocols and new software. 
They are much more willing to use something hacked on top of an 
existing system.  When we are making proposals that involve changes 
to millions of computer systems--we have to take this into account. 
Even if it means doing things the "wrong" way.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: william@elan.net
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] The "Human-Shield" effect; the need for end-user
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Cc: Jon Kyme <jrk@merseymail.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 12:56:36 -0500

At 1:50 AM -0800 3/23/03, william@elan.net wrote:
>Clear Consent is when end-user said he wants to receive email from you
>(whitelisting of email address or domain). Clear No Consent is when user
>specifically said he does not want to receive email from you (blacklisting).
>Specifying of other mail filters are consent by user to use specific
>technology to filter out email.

I think that defining consent in terms of filters is very confusing 
and inaccurate.

If I consent to receive a newsletter about books from Example, and 
they start sending me a newsletter about Toys, then they haven't 
listened to my request.  That has absolutely nothing to do with 
whether I've whitelisted newsletter@example.com.

I'm not sure if you are really combining whitelisting with that 
concept of consent, or just using the same term in a different place, 
but I think it would be a good idea not to use the term in both 
places.


-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping)
Cc: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 11:23:52 -0500

At 12:47 AM -0600 3/23/03, Scott A Crosby wrote:
>  > What is the minimumm speed CPU that you will allow to send mail?  A
>>  25 MHz 486 is at least 200 and perhaps 500 or 1000 times slower than
>>  a 3 GHz P4.  A 25 MHz 486 needs several minutes to generate 60
>
>About 7 hours to compute a partial collision stamp. But, if the sender
>already has a valid stamp (previously sent to them by the recipient),
>they may use it with no computations. Recipients can compute
>nonce-stamps at zero cost. Thus the 600ghz*seconds of CPU would only
>be spent on new senders.

So you're saying that it's okay that people on old machines have to 
wait seven hours before they can send a message to someone they 
haven't received a message from?

(And yes, I do have friends and family on machines of that speed. 
And yes, they do send email to people whose address they got over the 
phone or off the web.)

Of course, I suppose it doesn't matter in some sense.  Because the 
odds of anyone writing the hashcash software for their machines is 
pretty close to nil.  They'll just always end up in the junk bin.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: william@elan.net
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] The "Human-Shield" effect; the need for end-user
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 11:33:42 -0500

At 6:24 PM -0800 3/22/03, william@elan.net wrote:
>No, I was thinking of of more complex scenario then just standartized xml
>filter list. While I agree that current spam filters implementations often
>use different methods for representing and getting rule set, I do not

I understand.  It's just that it's a harder job for filter software 
to integrate with it, and there's a tendency to not focus on things 
which make it easier for your clients to switch to a competitor :-). 
But yes.  I think it's possible, and a standard in that area would be 
good.

I would propose however, that if we're going to specify such a 
thing--let's start on the side of the architecture that everyone else 
seems to leave until last. Namely--how does it handle authentication 
and security.  Keep in mind that such a protocol would possibly also 
run over the WAN, as it would provide a way for third-party filtering 
services to manage your mail filtering, while you control the rules. 
(Or vice versa--you do the filtering, and the third party keeps your 
spam filtering rules up-to-date.)

>And I was thinking futher along the line of creating standard header lines
>on what filter has been used (for client MUA to know in standard format)
>and in order to allow for distributed filtering systems and removing
>necessity of applying same filter twice.

That gets harder.  Products like ours and SpamAssassin may apply 
hundreds of rules, and what is far more important than which rule 
fires, is how the combination of results is weighted.  If you are 
specific to the point of "we checked for this string" then you have 
too much data.  And if you're general to the level of "we checked for 
strings" then you haven't really said anything of use to the next 
filter in the line.  (I'm also not a fan of adding lots of new 
headers--but I think this has problems even before we get to that.)
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: mathew <meta@pobox.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: Bounces, was Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 13:09:41 -0500

At 9:19 AM -0500 3/23/03, mathew wrote:
>The way to solve the bounce problem, pre-emptively if possible, is 
>to standardize the format of bounce messages so that they can only 
>contain an error code and the e-mail address of the bounce. They'd 
>then be turned into a description by the client.

Unfortunately we seem to be making up new reasons for bounces on a daily basis.
- insufficient funds in stamp
- go to this url and prove you are human
- blocked by spam filter
...

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Subject: RE: [Asrg] The "Human-Shield" effect; the need for end-user
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 12:49:56 -0500

At 9:36 PM -0500 3/22/03, <asrg@Frankston.com> wrote:
>What I am very worried about is the assumption that you must put what
>are nothing more than social polices deeply into the infrastructure of
>the protocols.

I think that most people here are aware that writing code is another 
way of creating social and pseudo-legal rules.  (If not, they should 
all go read Lessig's "Code and Ither Laws of Cyberspace" 
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0465039138/somewherecom 
and return to this forum when they've finished it.)

The reason we are here is that the code that we currently are running 
has created a society that we are not pleased with.  We would like to 
modify that society, so we are looking for ways to codify a new one.

Why do you think that many of the responses on this forum are so 
virulent?  Why do people publicly chastise other's for forcing us to 
deal with their challenge/response system.  Why do I get so angry at 
sender-pays folks for proposing a system because it does what they 
want--without thinking about what it does for everyone else, or 
whether it meets everyone else's needs.

We're defining social rules.  That's a very emotional process.

>Spam filtering is an app.
>
>If it clogs your dial up lines then buy a screening service.

So your belief is that it's not possible to change the social 
structure without losing necessary benefits.  I think most of the 
people on this list disagree.

>So, what is the problem being solved? Too much traffic in the Internet
>or better applications at the edge to help you manage your availability
>and the flood of information that you are confronted with?

The latter is definitely a problem and needs fixing.  Please go start 
a company and solve it.  I keep trying to persuade DevonTHINK to 
merge their software with Qualcomm.  Feel free to apply your presure.

The former needs to be subdivided.  We are seeing too much traffic on 
the edge.   We are not seeing too much traffic, AS MEASURED IN BITS, 
in the center.

But while you may say that bits are just bits, email bits require far 
more handling than streaming video.  We already *do* provide 
different QoS for email than for video.  There is an expectation that 
the message will get through, or that the sender will be notified if 
it does not.  If we were just talking about bits then spam wouldn't 
be such a problem.  But because email has a higher QoS, the problem 
of fake email is a serious problem.  You can't just throw them on the 
floor because you can't tell which bounce is real and which is fake. 
Determining what is real and what is fake requires processing all 
those bits, do extensive network analysis, and keeping your 
information up-to-date on a daily basis--it's not cheap.

In addition, forgeries have caused serious damage to company 
reputations.  They are seriously damaging the reputation of email as 
a whole.  Spam floods have taken email servers off the air for 
*weeks*.  Never mind the times my systems have crashed because person 
A was spamming person B using my domain.  I've had people threaten to 
rape my wife because of email forgeries.  And Friday I almost lost my 
internet connection because some heavy weight media company fell for 
a forgery.  If my ISP weren't smart enough to ignore it I would not 
be talking to you on this list right now.

This is not an acceptable society.  And telling people to hire some 
filtering company is *not* a sufficient solution.  And that's from 
someone who *runs* a filtering company.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] The "Human-Shield" effect; the need for end-user
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 13:00:29 -0500

At 10:42 AM +0000 3/23/03, Matt Sergeant wrote:
>  > There are some issues.  Your filter server's capabilities may not be
>>  the same as mine, for instance.  But in general, the idea of a common
>>  mechanism for expressing your filter desires (what countries, what
>>  languages, what's the white list, what's the blacklist, what IP's or
>>  RBLs...) is a good idea.  We have already done some preliminary work
>>  in this area with our product.
>
>As have the IETF. See SEIVE.

That looks like an attempt to write a programming language for 
filtering text in email format.  That is *way* more specific than 
simply configuring an existing filter.  Has anyone actually 
implemented it?
(http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3028.txt?number=3028 for those wondering)
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 12:53:15 -0500

Answer:  No it is not a good idea, because it makes the message more 
difficult to read and the context impossible to determine.  You end 
up having to scroll down, read the original, and then scroll up to 
read the current.

Question: Should one put one's reply before the text to which one is replying.

P.S. Nor is it necessary to include the entire text to which you are 
replying.  Just the relevant parts (with attribution) will do fine.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] keeping it accurate
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 12:04:06 -0700 (MST)

A recent message contained the following in a context that had something
to do with bandwidth:

> In urban areas, in developed countries, you *might* continue to
> see the increase in bandwidth that you are talking about. But I
> know a lot of people who's internet connections in the past 10
> years have increased by a stunning 2x. (28.8 to 56). And that's in
> the U.S.. Please think globally.

> My daughter has a fifth grade classmate who spends 15-20 minutes
> during lunch break cleaning the spam out of her in-box--every day.
> And she's not the only one doing it. Do you think those email
> accounts are going to be useable by the time they graduate from
> high school?

15 minutes at 28.8 kbit/sec is enough to move about 3 MBytes of
uncompressed or incompressible data.  It's also enough to move more
than 1000 modest but not tiny spam of 2 KBytes each or 60 unusually
large 50 KByte messages.  A lot of spam has far more SMTP headers than
its 200 or 300 bytes of body consisting of URLs and hashbusting strings.
That student's 15-20 minutes/day spent on  has nothing to do with
network bandwidth, but human attention and thinking.

Years ago I flogged the "postage due" bit about spam.  I stopped,
because it's broken. It's not whatever you want to call "broadband"
this week that invalidated it, but mere 28 kbit/sec modems.  The
computer costs per user to process spam are trivial and will remain
trivial, except in unusual cases.  One typical web page of 30-50 KBytes
is several times the average size of spam.  Only when the cost of
bandwidth is so high that the world wide web is too expensive to use
are the computer costs of spam significant for an individual user.
It is only when you have many users that bandwidth, CPU cycles, and
disk space spent on spam are significant.

The costs of spam are in those 15-20 minutes blocks of human attention.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] The "Human-Shield" effect; the need for end-user control
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 20:05:11 +0000 (GMT)

On Sun, 23 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> At 10:42 AM +0000 3/23/03, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> >  > There are some issues.  Your filter server's capabilities may not be
> >>  the same as mine, for instance.  But in general, the idea of a common
> >>  mechanism for expressing your filter desires (what countries, what
> >>  languages, what's the white list, what's the blacklist, what IP's or
> >>  RBLs...) is a good idea.  We have already done some preliminary work
> >>  in this area with our product.
> >
> >As have the IETF. See SEIVE.
> 
> That looks like an attempt to write a programming language for 
> filtering text in email format.  That is *way* more specific than 
> simply configuring an existing filter.  Has anyone actually 
> implemented it?

Yes, a few. http://www.cyrusoft.com/sieve/#implementations

As I said in another mail, I was thinking of this as something to build 
on, rather than inventing a new syntax (even a syntax of XML).

Matt.

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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 20:14:19 +0000 (GMT)

On Sun, 23 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> >If NNTP was the accepted way to do group discussions, you'd soon see 
> >yahoogroups and other discussion forum services offering NNTP. (Not 
> >sure why they don't already.)
> 
> I have never understood the resistance to using newsgroups.  Yet 
> customers choose web boards (which I despise) over them every time. 

Ease of administration. I actually found it easier to write my own Perl 
NNTP server than it was to setup INN and get it to do what I wanted.

Matt.

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Subject: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping)
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Date: 23 Mar 2003 13:58:31 -0600

On Sun, 23 Mar 2003 11:23:52 -0500, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> writes:

> At 12:47 AM -0600 3/23/03, Scott A Crosby wrote:
> >  > What is the minimumm speed CPU that you will allow to send mail?  A
> >>  25 MHz 486 is at least 200 and perhaps 500 or 1000 times slower than
> >>  a 3 GHz P4.  A 25 MHz 486 needs several minutes to generate 60
> >
> >About 7 hours to compute a partial collision stamp. But, if the sender
> >already has a valid stamp (previously sent to them by the recipient),
> >they may use it with no computations. Recipients can compute
> >nonce-stamps at zero cost. Thus the 600ghz*seconds of CPU would only
> >be spent on new senders.
> 
> So you're saying that it's okay that people on old machines have to
> wait seven hours before they can send a message to someone they
> haven't received a message from?

Correct. Unless they can use out-of-band means to obtain a nonce-stamp
in other ways such as a phone call, solving a CAPTCHA on a website, a
auto-reply robot, that sort of thing.

As the back of the envelope calculation I did earlier showed, its
about $1 for 100,000 ghz*seconds. 10ghz*seconds wouldn't seem to be
enough to stop a spammer, yet would already cost a 25ghz system at
least 7 minutes.

> Of course, I suppose it doesn't matter in some sense.  Because the
> odds of anyone writing the hashcash software for their machines is
> pretty close to nil.  They'll just always end up in the junk bin.

Perhaps.. If there was an easy solution, its likely someone would be
using it by now. And with alternative techniques to obtain a stamp (as
above, it may be incrementally deployable.)

Is anyone collecting system proposals, with their plusses, minuses,
and practicality listed?

Scott
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 20:02:50 +0000

Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
>At 10:42 AM +0000 3/23/03, Matt Sergeant wrote:
>>
>>As have the IETF. See SEIVE.
>
>Has anyone actually implemented it?

http://www.google.com/search?btnI&query=sieve ->
http://www.cyrusoft.com/sieve/#implementations

Tony.
-- 
f.a.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
THE WASH TO NORTH FORELAND: SOUTHEAST 3 OR 4 VEERING SOUTHWEST 3 OR 4. MAINLY
FAIR; SOME MIST PATCHES; SMALL RISK OF A SHOWER MONDAY . MODERATE BUT POOR IN
MIST. SLIGHT.
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Date: 23 Mar 2003 14:07:25 -0600

On Sun, 23 Mar 2003 08:16:22 -0700 (MST), Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> writes:

> > To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
> 

> > if not singularly empowered, to enforce the payment mechanism at
> > the receiving point.
> 
> Ok, but what about the main question?  What is the minimum speed CPU
> that you will allow to send mail?  Do you expect everyone from now on

\epsilon. A hashcash scheme with an 'out' that allows random nonces
does not incur the full cost is still practical and requires little to
no CPU time.

> to buy equal speed CPUs?  How else do you ensure that the spammers
> don't have CPUs that are 10,000 times faster than spam targets?

This is unlikely. Current CPU's are 3ghz, who runs a 300khz CPU
anymore? Even a Commodore 64 or an Apple ][ is faster!

I remember recently reading about a primitive, different from partial
hash collision, that is limited by memory bandwidth, not CPU
speed. Memory bandwidth varies much less that CPU performance. 

I have not looked at it, but it may help deal with this issue.

> > The reason is mostly that there are lots of arm chair generals but fewer 
> > competent programmers.
> 
> I can't disagree; standards committees, netnews groups, and bars are
> always filled with non-players eager to tell the players how to play.
> However, a willingess to admit and deal with fundamental design problems
> such as the span of real CPU speeds is part of being a competent

A competent programmer also tries to keep their numbers accurate
within two orders of magnitude. Fast CPU's are 3ghz. The origional XT
(way before my time) was 4.77mhz, or only 600x slower. Do there exist
many widely deployed systems email systems that are <25mhz? Thats only
120x slower than current machines, not the 10,000x as claimed.

Scott
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 15:01:22 -0500

At 12:04 PM -0700 3/23/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>A recent message contained the following in a context that had something
>to do with bandwidth:

You're right, I was addressing two different issues in those two 
different paragraphs.  However I believe that spam volume is a 
problem at the edge.  Where the edge includes both small mail servers 
and individuals.  Remember too that bandwidth == user's time for a 
dial-up.  That's time they sit there waiting for their email to 
arrive.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Kee Hinckley wrote:

> Unfortunately we seem to be making up new reasons for bounces on a daily 
> basis.
> - insufficient funds in stamp
> - go to this url and prove you are human
> - blocked by spam filter

We really don't need to get that complicated.  Just punt to a URL 
without trying to tell the client what it means.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@irtf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it went badly!) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 20 Mar 2003 21:43:42 PST."
             <8329761334.20030320214342@brandenburg.com> 
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 10:28:57 -0500

Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net> wrote:
> Somehow, I do not think that filling most of the schedule with
> presentations primarily trying to tell us that spam is a problem is
> appropriate. Nor do I think that presentations that present invalid
> statistics or simplistic suggestions are all that helpfuyl.

  Since my background is Nuclear Physics, I understand your concerns
about the methodology use to gather the statistics which were
presented.

  Yet... the stats were about as good as anything else I've seen on
the spam problem.  Yes, it was hand-waving, anecdotal and ad-hoc, but
until ASRG started, there was no industry forum which could gather
global statistics.  Even now, it's not clear to me how one would
gather (or pay for the gathering) of potentially billions of messages
scattered across thousands of domains.

  We can't instrument the core routers to see what traffic is spam.
Without that instrumentation, any statistics will *necessarily* be
self-reported, and incomplete.

> So, yes, we need to make sure we do not review this as if it were a
> working group meeting.  However the meeting failed in plenty of other
> ways.

  I was hoping for presentations like "This is a picture of the
network.  These points are where we see spam coming from.  These are
the stats for spam at those points.  These are the methods by which we
can provably stop some percentage of the spam.  These are the costs of
doing so."


  Since I've been one of the more vocal people here about spam, I
guess I should volunteer to collect some more statistics.  I'll put
out a call for self-reporting of stats, or a poll, later in the week.

  Alan DeKok.
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 10:44:46 -0800 (PST)

That wouldnt matter as system breaks on any relay be it open or close.

On Sun, 23 Mar 2003, mathew wrote:

> On Sunday, Mar 23, 2003, at 01:04 US/Eastern, william@elan.net wrote:
> > III. As I already mentioned multiple times before this is typical
> > "RMX/Mail-From" style proposal which has the following problems:
> [deleted]
> 
> Also, I don't see how this helps at all on a net where there are 
> hundreds of thousands of open relays, all of which we assume would have 
> valid designated-sender records and hence be allowed to relay spam to 
> you.
> 
> 
> mathew
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: rant.. Re: [Asrg] My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it went badly!) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 21 Mar 2003 23:01:29 MST."
             <200303220601.h2M61TU6008233@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 10:33:31 -0500

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> How can anyone honestly expect research to appear in a group that was
> created a matter of weeks before?  What would anyone expect in the
> circumstances but general talk about how bad spam is and a pep ralley
> for the need to work on the problem?

  The problem has been known for years.  Methods of dealing with it
have been known for years.  It's not naive for people to expect that
the meeting would start off with 30 seconds of "everyone knows spam is
bad... now let's start talking about what we might do"

> At the risk of violating IETF canons, I must observe that some of
> the strongest condemnations in the list of whatever happened at
> the meeting came from people who have made the some of the less
> well founded contributions to the mailing list.  From here I can't
> tell what happened, but I wonder if sour grape sentiments from some
> people about their favorite solutions not being adopted by acclamation
> colored other people's perceptions and so reports of the meeting.

  The people I talked with who thought the meeting was unproductive
were not proposing the solutions.  The people who were proposing
solutions were frustrated that they had little (or no) opportunity to
do so.

  The vast majority of the meeting was an "intro to spam".  It was
good for the reporters in the crowd, but less so for the technical
people.

  Alan DeKok.
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 11:18:08 -0800 (PST)

</rant>
 
> Actually, caller ID as sold to residential customers is no better than 
> a From: line. There are autodialer products on sale that will set the 
> caller ID readout to be whatever the telemarketer wants; see RISKS 
> digest recently.
I can attest to that. When I was running dialup ISP with PRIs for incoming 
calls, I also tried outgoing and could set phone# to anything I wanted. I 
even setup system to deliver free pages but setting it to call with 
specific caller-id and then hang-up (so it would be incomplete call but 
I'd still see numeric page), of course its irrelevent as now numeric pages 
are free and text pages are fairly inexpensive.

> It'll be interesting to see if the "do not call" list signed into law 
> results in telemarketers setting up fake caller ID info and calling 
> anyway.
There are other ways to find who the caller is even if they do not want 
to. There are some who setup traps on it and telemarketers will be caught.

</rant>

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From: "Gordon Fecyk - Home" <gordonf@pan-am.ca>
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Subject: [Asrg] "How do you justify your job?"
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>   I was hoping for presentations like "This is a picture of the
> network.  These points are where we see spam coming from.  These are
> the stats for spam at those points.  These are the methods by which we
> can provably stop some percentage of the spam.  These are the costs of
> doing so."
>
>   Since I've been one of the more vocal people here about spam, I
> guess I should volunteer to collect some more statistics.  I'll put
> out a call for self-reporting of stats, or a poll, later in the week.

That would be a great start to solving the problem actually.  Where are the
spam metrics?

I'm seeing the anti-spam "industry" is looking much like the anti-virus
industry before it could've been called an industry.  We know it's a problem
but we don't know how much it really costs us.  Maybe we need to ask
ourselves the same question Rob Rosenberger asked of anti-virus experts:

"How do you justify your job?"

<http://www.vmyths.com/rant.cfm?id=262&page=4>

I'm not suggesting we're not worth what we're being paid (provided we're
even being paid).  I'm suggesting that our bosses might think that.  And the
media.

--
PGP key (0x0AFA039E): <http://www.pan-am.ca/consulting@pan-am.ca.asc>
What's a PGP Key?  See <http://www.pan-am.ca/free.html>
GOD BLESS AMER, er, THE INTERNET. <http://vmyths.com/rant.cfm?id=401&page=4>

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<rant>
> >Phone DDoS: If, say, 10000 reportings share the same phone number, then
> 
> I know people to whom this has happened.  It works this way.
> 1. ISP gets spammer in trouble.
> 2. Spammer sends spam using ISP owner's home phone number as the contact.
> 3. ISP owner changes home phone number.
Yes, happened to me after I took spammer to court.
(He did not show up - default judgement, I did receive the money as 
cachiers check throghh.. but he had all my contact info...)

For 2nd time, I made it so difficult to reliably find who I am without 
appering or just from my email address. I do get mailbombed time-time but 
no phone-bombs any more.
</rant>

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On Sun, 23 Mar 2003 10:28:57 -0500, "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
wrote:

>  I was hoping for presentations like "This is a picture of the
>network.  These points are where we see spam coming from.  These are
>the stats for spam at those points.  These are the methods by which we
>can provably stop some percentage of the spam.  These are the costs of
>doing so."
>
>  Since I've been one of the more vocal people here about spam, I
>guess I should volunteer to collect some more statistics.  I'll put
>out a call for self-reporting of stats, or a poll, later in the week.

Here's an area where I think SpamCon Foundation can be of help. SpamCon
Foundation, one person's observations notwithstanding, is not a
"commercial non-profit organization, as opposed to CAUCE". SpamCon and
CAUCE do different things by design. In fact, CAUCE and SCF share many
participants because of that. 

On behalf of SpamCon Foundation, we'd be happy to commission a project
to develop exactly the type of data ASRG needs to get things going. But
to do that, this group is going to have to start developing a list of
actual needs.  

First, can this group agree as to what type of report *would* be helpful
in the group fulfilling its mission? Alan, you seem to have started that
list. Some more detail behind the desire (such as exactly what stats for
spam emanating from certain points) would be nice. 

- Size?
- Content?
- Routes/Paths through the network?
- Sender/Receipient/Ultimate beneficiaries?

What of the other hundreds, if not thousands, of delimiting factors?

Ted
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 11:55:02 -0800 (PST)

> On Sat, Mar 22, 2003 at 03:07:57PM -0800, william@elan.net wrote
> > I'v thought about all this before. I think it might be worth our time
> > to define standard "mail-filter configuration" protocol. I imagine
> > this being as something that would be located on some central database
> > server and it would have "user configuration" update queries and
> > "mail server check" read-only queries.
> 
>   Why a central database server ?  I could understand it if you mean
> central for the ISP, but not available to the entire internet.  If a
> spammer finds out which domains and addresses you've whitelisted, you're
> in for a whole bunch of spam.
Yes, central to ISP. It would need to have authentication as I already
mentioned (authentication may very well be ip check for read-only).

Actually this info might be "shared" with authorized outside servers in some
way too, but we should be carefull on that and I'd not go so far just now.

> > For client side they could have special program just for filtering 
> > configuration, it could be built into mail client or could be web-based, 
> > but all would be able to access same configuraiton database. Also when 
> > users moves from one isp to another, he could retain his settings, which 
> > is very usefull.
> 
>   Let's put the horse before the cart.  If we have a standard protocol
> for defining filters, that requires that we have a standard list of
> filter features available.  The set of available features is going to
> change over time.  And not every ISP is going to implement them.  A
> "user-friendly menu-driven" configurater will help, but it's going to be
> different at different ISPs.  Or are you asking instead for consistent
> "look-and-feel" for the menus?
Don't really care about menus, that up to MUA or filtering client. But 
some standard menuing choices might be noice. I mean we do have fairly 
standard list of features in any word processing - like Theasaurus, Insert 
Table, etc.

----
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net

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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 12:19:57 -0800 (PST)

> >No, I was thinking of of more complex scenario then just standartized xml
> >filter list. While I agree that current spam filters implementations often
> >use different methods for representing and getting rule set, I do not
> 
> I understand.  It's just that it's a harder job for filter software 
> to integrate with it, and there's a tendency to not focus on things 
> which make it easier for your clients to switch to a competitor :-). 
I was thinking more along the lines of allowing to use multiple products!

> But yes.  I think it's possible, and a standard in that area would be 
> good.
> 
> I would propose however, that if we're going to specify such a 
> thing--let's start on the side of the architecture that everyone else 
> seems to leave until last. Namely--how does it handle authentication 
> and security.  Keep in mind that such a protocol would possibly also 
> run over the WAN, as it would provide a way for third-party filtering 
> services to manage your mail filtering, while you control the rules. 
> (Or vice versa--you do the filtering, and the third party keeps your 
> spam filtering rules up-to-date.)
Standard user/password authentication for updating central repositatory.
Possibly TLS if desired.

SHA1 for reporting filtering in headers for confirmation with key at 
the central server. Or maybe even x.509 to be absolutly sure.

And those are just quick thoughts on that. Proper authentication can be 
done with no problem, we have many examples with other protocols, 
including SMTP.
 
> >And I was thinking futher along the line of creating standard header lines
> >on what filter has been used (for client MUA to know in standard format)
> >and in order to allow for distributed filtering systems and removing
> >necessity of applying same filter twice.
> 
> That gets harder.  Products like ours and SpamAssassin may apply 
> hundreds of rules, and what is far more important than which rule 
> fires, is how the combination of results is weighted.
Actually spamassasin is quite good at reporting what has been checked as is.
I'v no problem with rules being weighted, but I'd like to know what each 
resulted in. And it really not 100s of rules (not yet...), it maybe 100s 
in terms of long filter list but actual top-level rules are about dozen.

> If you are 
> specific to the point of "we checked for this string" then you have 
> too much data. 
Don't want that. 

> And if you're general to the level of "we checked for 
> strings" then you haven't really said anything of use to the next 
> filter in the line
"Checked user-specific whitelists" would be good enough for me.

> (I'm also not a fan of adding lots of new 
> headers--but I think this has problems even before we get to that.)
Possibly. But for example mentioned spamassasin already adds headers and 
so do other filtering products. Each reports in its own way, though.



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I agree. SIEVE filter can be one of filters in the list but not the only 
one.

> That looks like an attempt to write a programming language for 
> filtering text in email format.  That is *way* more specific than 
> simply configuring an existing filter.


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References:  <oydllz5q22q.fsf@bert.cs.rice.edu>
Subject: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping)
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 15:24:31 -0700 (MST)

> From: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>

> ...
> \epsilon. A hashcash scheme with an 'out' that allows random nonces
> does not incur the full cost is still practical and requires little to
> no CPU time.

I cannot see how any "out" that requires little or no CPU time for 
unknown good guys could not be used by unknown bad guys.  As I see it,
a bad guy can always pretend to be 1,000,000 strangers unless you 
add some kind of authentication.


> > to buy equal speed CPUs?  How else do you ensure that the spammers
> > don't have CPUs that are 10,000 times faster than spam targets?
>
> This is unlikely. Current CPU's are 3ghz, who runs a 300khz CPU
> anymore? Even a Commodore 64 or an Apple ][ is faster!

Do you think that the only influence on CPU speed is raw clock speed?
For example, a 25 MHz 386 has a raw clock speed only 100 times less
than a 2.5 GHz P4, but easily 1000 times slower.  Look at the number
of those 40 usec cycles required by 386 CPUs for common instructions.
Then look at the effects of instruction caches.

> I remember recently reading about a primitive, different from partial
> hash collision, that is limited by memory bandwidth, not CPU
> speed. Memory bandwidth varies much less that CPU performance. 

Memory bandwidth varies by by even larger values if you look at real
systems instead of netnews cartoons.  Main memory bandwidths of cheap
systems today only about 6 times faster than they were 10 or 15 years
ago, but memory size and caches more than make up the difference.  On
the other hand, if your CPU burner has a big enough memory footprint
to bust GHz caches (including those with various burst fill schemes),
you'll need to worry about whether it can even run on old systems.
256 MBytes sounds small today, but inconceivably large for systems
of 15 years ago.

> ...
> A competent programmer also tries to keep their numbers accurate
> within two orders of magnitude. Fast CPU's are 3ghz. The origional XT
> (way before my time) was 4.77mhz, or only 600x slower. Do there exist
> many widely deployed systems email systems that are <25mhz? Thats only
> 120x slower than current machines, not the 10,000x as claimed.

That is evidence of other than competence, because raw clock speed is
merely one component of CPU speed.  The original XT was a lot slower
than 600X slower than a 3 GHz P4 because it used an 8088 wiht an 8-bit
bus (good for 4X hit), many instructions took several cycles (good
for another ~4X hit) and there was no I or D cache (good for another
hit of 10-1000X on a pure CPU grinder).  A 5 MHz 8088 based system
was slower than that value of 600*4*4*10 compared to a 3 GHz P4.

Moreover, my number of 10,000 include several future years of Moore's Law
cycles.  I'm "only" claiming a current 1000X span of CPU speeds.



Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 12:28:15 -0800 (PST)

I see your point. Yes, possibly consent by whitelisting is not "clear 
consent" but its best somebody can express in technical terms. I do 
understand though that even after whitelisting somebody may want to run 
some extra filters, but I'd expect this to be rare and when they violate 
your "consent" and send you stock tips instead of anti-spam technology 
letter, then possibly this would mean end of presumed white-listing 
consent... At that point you would go and modify your preferences.

On Sun, 23 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> At 1:50 AM -0800 3/23/03, william@elan.net wrote:
> >Clear Consent is when end-user said he wants to receive email from you
> >(whitelisting of email address or domain). Clear No Consent is when user
> >specifically said he does not want to receive email from you (blacklisting).
> >Specifying of other mail filters are consent by user to use specific
> >technology to filter out email.
> 
> I think that defining consent in terms of filters is very confusing 
> and inaccurate.
> 
> If I consent to receive a newsletter about books from Example, and 
> they start sending me a newsletter about Toys, then they haven't 
> listened to my request.  That has absolutely nothing to do with 
> whether I've whitelisted newsletter@example.com.
> 
> I'm not sure if you are really combining whitelisting with that 
> concept of consent, or just using the same term in a different place, 
> but I think it would be a good idea not to use the term in both 
> places.

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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 15:32:00 -0700 (MST)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> ...
> You're right, I was addressing two different issues in those two 
> different paragraphs.  However I believe that spam volume is a 
> problem at the edge.  Where the edge includes both small mail servers 
> and individuals.  Remember too that bandwidth == user's time for a 
> dial-up.  That's time they sit there waiting for their email to 
> arrive.

If you forget the blarney from anti-spam product salesritters and 
netnews spammer fighters, and actually look at the numbers, you'll
see that's wrong.  The time peole spend sitting waiting for their spam
to arrive is insignificant except in unusual cases.  30 seconds is
enough to download a lot of spam, but only 30 seconds is about the
training time for a pre-56K modem.

The volume of spam is a problem, but only in human attention and not
network bits/second, CPU cycles, or disk space, unless you have 
thousands of users' spam to deal with.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 14:34:19 -0800
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On Sunday, March 23, 2003, at 10:16  AM, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> I have never understood the resistance to using newsgroups.  Yet 
> customers choose web boards (which I despise) over them every time. I 
> think it's just a question of what people are used to.  The came to 
> the internet via the web and then discovered email (or vice versa). 
> Now you want to introduce a third piece of software, and they've 
> already got something that manages to do solve the problem so-so.

to some degree it's a generational gap (not necessarily by calendar 
age, but by how long you've been on the internet). you see these all 
over the place on the ent -- HTML email is another one folks fight 
over, coerced reply-tos on mail lists is a third, and increasingly, IM 
vs. email. the new generation of users is more of an IM first, e-mail 
as backup, where us old pharts tend to live in e-mail and remember 
fondly the days when NNTP was the primary dinosaur.

Which pointed out to me something I think this forum ought to be 
keeping in mind, the issue of parameters for (and barriers to) success. 
Whatever the solution(s) that we come up with, there are certain things 
that can keep any solution from succeeding, so I think perhaps it might 
be reasonable to think about what those parameters and barriers are.

Some of the most obvious things that come to mind for me are:

1) e-mail is easy to use. The more we complicate e-mail to solve this 
problem, the less chance joe typical user will agree to do it. If you 
don't make the benefits cleaerly visible to the user and the ease of 
use reasonable such that my mother and our aunt sally can (and will) 
accept the solution, it's a non-starter, the way PKI and S/MIME 
effectively are. Those things exist, but basically, nobody but geeks 
use it, and even most of them don't, because the hassles outweigh the 
benefits. (think of this as the 'seat belt' problem. almost everyone 
agrees we should wear our seat belts while driving. A good percentage 
of people don't anyway, even though the hassle of wearing one is 
generally trivial. That's a social issue that has to be dealt with of 
the solution won't succeed)

2) It has to save a person/company/ISP/organization/etc money, time, 
hassle. If it doesn't, it won't be implemented by that 
person/company/ISP/organization/etc. show me the money, basically. "for 
the good of the net" will get the EFF to install it. will sony? IBM?

3) If it requires implementation support from large organizations or 
ISPs, any solution that doesn't have buy-in and a hard date 
forimplementation from AOL is a non-starter. To a lesser degree also 
true of Yahoo, MSN/Hotmail, Earthlink, wannadoo, and maybe half a dozen 
of the larger international ISPs. You don't need ALL of those, but 
without AOL, you might as well go home, and until you get half a dozen 
of the top 12-15 ISPs or organizations, network providers, etc, you 
don't have a chance at building critical mass.

4) will it scale through organizations? I've seen a number of 
suggestions that really come across as if the proposer sees all e-mail 
environments as variations of THEIR environment. A solution that isn't 
tied to the individual (which arguably it can't be, since that solves 
none of the network bandwidth problems) has to scale from my site (a 
box on the end of a DSL line serving 6 users, 15 mail lists and a 
couple of hundred messages through those lists a day) to ibm.com or 
microsoft.com, to MSN, to yahoogroups, to hotmail, to AOL. If the 
solution can't scale up OR down to fit those needs, it's going to be a 
hard sell for success.

5) will the senders buy in? If not, isn't it a non-starter again? Not 
just mail list owners like me, or list sites like yahoogroups, but the 
large-volume mail senders, whether it's content (cnn.com) or 
e-marketing? How do you make it work without them? How do you convince 
them to join in?

Other thoughts?

I've found myself, as I've been watching stuff sent back and forth and 
discussed, asking myself things like "how would this affect my 
systems?" "Does it make my life easier or more of a pain?" "does it 
save or cost me money?" and the biggie: "How would we ever convince AOL 
to buy into this?"

think about AOL's position right now. Take, oh, e-stamps, or sender 
pays. how does AOL implement that on its environment? convince it's 
users to use it? migrate its users off of existing email? How long 
would that migration take? What if they weren't willing to change or 
don't upgrade their software? 25 million users, 3-5 billion pieces o' 
email a day, and users who haven't upgraded their software since they 
plugged in that windows machine 4 years ago, and won't upgrade any time 
soon. How do these plans work in THAT environment?

And if you don't get AOL bought into it, given their size adn volume, 
can you make it work without them?

I realize it's way early to get into too much detail on implementation 
issues -- but understanding certain necessary barriers to success will 
allow us to NOT go building things until we know those barriers are 
taken care of. If, for instance, it requires server upgrades by AOL or 
UI changes to the AOL client, for instance, I think it's silly to go 
beyond a certain level of discussion until someone finds out if AOL (or 
hotmail, or yahoogroups, or....) are willing to consider it. If they 
say no, it's better we consider lesser solutions that don't require 
their cooperation than building a better one that'll fail because we 
can't convince them to do it...

To me, that implies a hierarchy of solutions that can help us set 
priorities and understand the complexity and level of cooperation 
needed for success:

on the receiving end:

1) individual: build something an individual can download and 
implement. advantage: easy to do. disadvantage: limited ability to 
manage bandwidth issues, maintenance and user capability. (example: 
Apple's Mail.app junk mail filters)

2) site: things an admin can install to benefit the users of their 
machine. advantage: fewer people need to take the action, can affect 
network bandwidth issues as well as individual mail boxes. 
disadvantages: loss of user configurability (perhaps), loss of 
customization. (example: spamAssassin)

3) organization: things an organization can do to implement solutions. 
further down the scale of size from site, but effectively the same 
issue, scaled to multiple mail servers and a larger user population, 
plus perhaps issues of multiple locations and nationalities, meaning 
different parts of the system, might be regulated by different 
legislation.

4) ISP: seller of services and bandwidth to organizations. (for the 
purposes of what I'm saying, hotmail is a large organization, UUNET is 
an ISP, SpeakEasy is depending on which services you use, some of both)

5) infrastructure: making changes to the underlying structure of the 
internet (root name servers, protocols, etc) and the software that runs 
it. Basic, fundamental changes to how the net operates. (rDNS, new 
protocols for authentication, etc go here).

A) stuff that doesn't cleanly fit in the above, like yahoogroups, large 
volume senders, e-marketers, and stuff I'm forgetting off the top of my 
head...

The further you move from the individual level, the harder it'll be to 
convince everyone to implement, but the more chance you have of 
significant impact on the problems. So I think it's useful to at least 
casually keep in mind where specific proposals fall, so we can scope 
things like complexity of implementation and what buy-ins we need to 
get before we have a realistic chance of success.

(I think it also is a good visual reminder of why we need suites of 
solutions; indvidiual and site solutions to bridge us towards the 
longer-term, more strategic and structural ones -- and who needs to buy 
off on those solutions before we can hope for them to work)



-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/


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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 15:51:13 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>

> ...
>   The vast majority of the meeting was an "intro to spam".  It was
> good for the reporters in the crowd, but less so for the technical
> people.

Meetings are above all about non-technical, human issues.  People
with legitimate claims to being "technical" know that such meetings
are not where research gets done, or is even likely to be first
reported.  Particularly in the IRTF/IETF world, a lot gets reported
first the mailing lists.

I stand by my guess about sour grapes from avocates of silver bullets.
The common silver bullets have nothing but months (e.g. hashcash) and
sometimes years (e.g. authentication and sender-pays money) of
non-technical and often technically inaccurate talk supporting them.

I've previously proposed that one should be ashamed to offer any solution
that requires X% adoption to have X% effectiveness for X>=0.01%.  One
should also have a very good and obvious reason for adovcating any spam
solution that is more than a year old but that has not been implemented.

Talk seems to be almost as cheap in the anti-spam world as the spam world.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: Bounces, was Re: [Asrg] Sender pays vs Forgeries
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 17:45:04 -0500

At 3:18 PM -0500 3/23/03, Chris Lewis wrote:
>>Unfortunately we seem to be making up new reasons for bounces on a 
>>daily basis.
>>- insufficient funds in stamp
>>- go to this url and prove you are human
>>- blocked by spam filter
>
>We really don't need to get that complicated.  Just punt to a URL 
>without trying to tell the client what it means.

If that's a URL that goes to something readable by a machine--then 
perhaps.  Otherwise you've given spammers a wonderful tool for 
getting their message across. I think you'd be better off just 
limiting the size of a plain-text message.

I also think there are serious problems with systems that require 
that you be on the internet when you are reading your email.  And 
more-so with ones that require web access while you are reading your 
email.  People without always-on internet connections very frequently 
read mail off-line.  Ditto for anyone who reads mail on their laptop. 
Additionally, I have worked with very large companies who do not 
allow their users to have outside web access.

I just scanned RFC1894, and it seems to be fairly reasonable.  We 
could make recommendations on how a MUA should deal with such a 
message.  I know that some already do handle them specially.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 14:50:00 -0800


Chuq Von Rospach said:
> to some degree it's a generational gap (not necessarily by calendar 
> age, but by how long you've been on the internet). you see these all 
> over the place on the ent -- HTML email is another one folks fight 
> over, coerced reply-tos on mail lists is a third, and increasingly, IM 
> vs. email. the new generation of users is more of an IM first, e-mail 
> as backup, where us old pharts tend to live in e-mail and remember 
> fondly the days when NNTP was the primary dinosaur.

Worth noting that a lot of this new generation say they don't use email,
precisely *because* the spam load makes it too much work. :(

--j.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 23 Mar 2003 16:27:49 EST."
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Subject: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 13:11:02 -0500

tedgavin@newsguy.com wrote:
> On behalf of SpamCon Foundation, we'd be happy to commission a project
> to develop exactly the type of data ASRG needs to get things going.

  That sounds like an excellent start (and potentially less work for
me.)

> First, can this group agree as to what type of report *would* be helpful
> in the group fulfilling its mission? Alan, you seem to have started that
> list. Some more detail behind the desire (such as exactly what stats for
> spam emanating from certain points) would be nice. 
> 
> - Size?
> - Content?
> - Routes/Paths through the network?
> - Sender/Receipient/Ultimate beneficiaries?

  The stats I'm most interested in are listed below.  Some ISP's may
be concerned about releasing "private" information (total traffic,
etc), so the questions may have to be normalized as percentages,
rather than absolute numbers.

  Having historical numbers would also be good.  e.g. Not just the
current numbers, but numbers for a number of previous years.

  I believe that gathering statistics on spam content or origin will
not currently be useful.  I would like to focus on simple & easily
gathered numbers, which will make the analysis less subject to
personal interpretation.  Similarly, the work (and amiguity) in
analysing network routing of spam & sender/recipients is too difficult
to be helpful right now.

  I would also like to focus the stats on domains reporting more than
10,000 spam messages a day.  That will limit the initial size of the
survey, and will reduce the noise due to systems at the low-end.

  Alan DeKok.

--------  Questionaire on Spam for Mail System Administrators ----

I) Size of the problem
 1. Volume
  a) Total spam volume (Mb/day)
  b) total number of spam messages 
  c) total number of "do-nothing" SMTP connections
     (e.g. connect, EHLO, disconnect)

 2. Relative amount of spam
  a) spam as a percentage of total email (spam messages / total messages)
  b) spam as a percentage of *non-spam* email (spam messages / accepted
     messages)

 3. Count of IP's
  a) number of IP's sending spam
  b) number of IP's sending "valid" email (may overlap with 3a)

 4. Costs associated with dealing with spam
  a) administrative (network support solely due to spam)
  b) technical (end-user) support
  c) additional infrastructure/machine costs
  (costs to end users should be initially avoided, as they're more
   difficult to quantify)

II) Current Solutions which address the problem
 1) blacklists
   a) SMTP conversations blocked due to the blacklist, as a percentage
      of the total
      (blocked conversations / total conversations)
   b) SMTP conversations blocked, as a percentage of non-spam email
      (blocked conversations / allowed conversations)

 2) whitelists
   a) spam which is in the whitelists, as a percentage of the total
      number of SMTP conversations
   b) spam which is in the whiteliests, as a percentage of the
      non-spam SMTP conversations

 3) content filtering
   a) percentage of non-spam marked as spam (false positive)
   b) percentage of spam missed by the filter (false negative)
   c) percentage of spam caught by the filter
-----
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To: Gordon Fecyk - Home <gordonf@pan-am.ca>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Update to DS Protocol draft
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 13:29:08 -0800 (PST)

> > I. ASRG can not send documents protocols to IETF for
> > "protocols", they
> > can only be or something that may become "informational" RFC
> 
> Semantics.  Whatever.  I'll submit it as a private draft.
I agree. I mentioned it for others who were doing drafts.
 
> > II. What you're proposing is just like SRV RMX record.
> 
> Actually, no.  From what I've read on RMX it's not IP based.  It's too easy
> to falsify anything else.
RMX is ip based like MailFrom, like several other proposals

> > Your point that DNS does not support it yet is not
> > appropriate - you expect sites to update software to support
> > DS draft but not update their dns software...
> > I means if domain has to put  this record in, it might as well
> > update dns software, not that complex
> 
> Tell that to a Microsoft house[1].  Especially a M$ house not upgrading to
> Win2003 Server because they don't trust it.
I'v given up on Microsh.t software, especially its dns server portion.
I only expect them to provide client support and on last meeting they 
promised to do so if SRV becomes standard, which RFC2782 is (as opposed 
to 2052).

> > III. As I already mentioned multiple times before this is typical
> > "RMX/Mail-From" style proposal which has the following problems:
> >  1.You only authenticate MAIL FROM header but if "From:" is
> > forged, that
> >    is what user will see on their MUA, not MAIL FROM.
> 
> I'm not interested in the body of the message.  Yes, it's easy to falsify
> the headers or the envelope.  I'm saying these forgeries will be easier to
> track for sites using DS.
Again what do you think is seen by more users - "MAIL FROM" header which 
is kept on the server and only some clients are able to see it or "From:" 
header which everybody assumed is where email came from. As I said before, 
all this may do is to have spammers use some obscure domain for MAILFROM 
which may not have updated their dns and sysadmin there might not care or 
it might be unused domain. But "From:" will remain pointing to msn, 
hotmail, yahoo, etc and users will continue to assume it came from there 
and report it there. The number of mail bombs will not dimish seriously. 

But what will happen is that seeing all this anti-spam filters will begin 
to get updated to compare "MAIL-FROM" to "From:" and deny access when they 
are not the same and this will lead to hotmail situation and necessity to 
whitelist all mailing lists.

> I'm also not deluded into thinking this will solve all mail forgeries.  I'm
> only interested in accountability, and this improves accountability
> dramatically for little cost - updating the MTA only and adding a few DNS
> records.
> 
> >  2.Breaks mailing lists (all have to be whitelisted - see:
> >
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/currest
> > /msg00762.html
> 
> All mailing lists I subscribe to have either $listname-request@list.host or
> a complicated return envelope for tracking bounces.  And I subscribe to
> majordomo, listserv, yahoogroups and EMWAC IMS based lists.  I'll show you
> some log entries from my mail server:
>
> <B0000025417@srv1.fecyk.ca> [22/Mar/2003:11:19:37] 209.228.33.247
> c007.snv.cp.net
> blst-errors.300002469.805908187.844622903.008.15118.0@boing.topica.com
> mmajor@pan-am.ca
> <B0000025514@srv1.fecyk.ca> [22/Mar/2003:22:32:04] 209.228.33.246
> c007.snv.cp.net
> sentto-113989-4623-1048393919-mmajor=Astronomi-con.com@returns.groups.yahoo.
> com mmajor@pan-am.ca
> <B0000025510@srv1.fecyk.ca> [22/Mar/2003:22:03:33] 209.119.0.109
> cherry.ease.lsoft.com owner-SPAM-L@PEACH.EASE.LSOFT.COM gordonf@FECYK.CA
> <B0000025519@srv1.fecyk.ca> [23/Mar/2003:00:51:33] 132.151.1.19
> www1.ietf.org asrg-admin@ietf.org gordonf@pan-am.ca
> (repeated several times)
> <B0000025536@srv1.fecyk.ca> [23/Mar/2003:06:33:12] 65.198.151.222
> web8.gemini.dice.com jobs@jobmail.dice.com gordonf@fecyk.ca
> <B0000025544@srv1.fecyk.ca> [23/Mar/2003:08:35:50] 207.195.213.10
> poet.minstrel.com owner-nordskogen@poet.minstrel.com gordonf@fecyk.ca
> 
> You're telling me that these will break under DS protocol and will have to
> be whitelisted?  They all have return-paths pointing back to something other
> than the original sender, usually the list owner or sometimes a bounce
> processor.  These would not be blocked under DS.
Yes they  (see my answer above). Or if they are not, the system will do 
nothing more then change what is listed at mail-from which might still be 
forgery. 

> Mailing lists that don't do that are broken already.
How nice of you to not care about compatibility with existing email 
infrastracture.
 
> >  3.Breaks majority of forwarding configurations. Again you have to
> >    whitelist servers that may forward email to your server. Here the
> >    situation is little worth, because spammers often put the
> > use the same
> >    domains in their from (ok, used to do it 2 years ago, now
> > using free
> >    mail services like yahoo or hotmail is more common)
> 
> Now these would require changes to MTA software and I freely admitted that.

> >  4.Roaming users (like me on IETF conference) can not send
> > email directly
> >    and have to authentication with their "home" mail server.
> 
> SMTP AUTH, POPAUTH, etc take care of this.  It's actually my point - you
> should use the resources you're authorized to use.  I can roam, hell I've
> even had to sit on someone's Charter connection, then Earthlink, then some
> local ISP during my last road trip, and I could still send mail through my
> own server.
> 
> [1] And you're deluded if you say that anyone running MS server software is
> not worthy/asking for trouble/a waste of time/etc.  Fact is, it's out there
> and there isn't thing-one we can do about it.
Well. If people find that if they do not run microsoft software that they 
can stop spam, this would be the good reason for them to consider switching
to something better :) Will work a loot better then any other ways to 
introduce linux as mainstream os :)

But in reality, no I do think about people running microsoft software, should
be left out, but somehow I suspect any early adapters of any shemes like this
would be the ones who would be willing to update dns and if anythink like 
this becomes mainstream by that time microsoft will support srv.
 
> --
> PGP key (0x0AFA039E): <http://www.pan-am.ca/consulting@pan-am.ca.asc>
> What's a PGP Key?  See <http://www.pan-am.ca/free.html>
> GOD BLESS AMER, er, THE INTERNET. <http://vmyths.com/rant.cfm?id=401&page=4>
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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From: Jamie Lawrence <jal@jal.org>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping)
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 18:28:13 -0500

On Sat, 22 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> There are reasons why after at least 6 months the hashcash proposals
> are still only ideas.

Hashcach is fundamentally flawed. Cool and interesting, but doomed.

Authenticating headers opportunistically can work. Baby steps. 

-j


-- 
Jamie Lawrence                                        jal@jal.org
"What empires lavish abroad, they cannot spend on good republican 
government at home: on hospitals or roads or schools. A distended 
military budget only aggravates America's continuing failure to 
keep its egalitarian promise to itself."
   - John Quincy Adams


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To: Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 13:54:12 -0800 (PST)

I'm curious what are your ideas on how to do it in more in terms of scientific
research. I mean statistics previously given were very "broad". What I see 
that has to be done is first statistics on how much email goes into what 
types of mailservers (i.e. statistics on amount of email at larger isps - 
aol, earthlink, msn) as compared to amount of email at smaller isps as 
compared to amount of email at free email providers (hotmail, yahoo) as 
compared to amount of email at enterprise as compared to amount of email 
at web-hosting companies as compared to email small individual machines
(hosted on dls, cable, etc). After we have this statistics (how?) we a 
certain sample can be chosen for each of the groups and then statistics 
gathered. Just doing sample at aol or at enterprise will not provide 
accurate statistics!

> --------  Questionaire on Spam for Mail System Administrators ----
> 
> I) Size of the problem
>  1. Volume
Add here first - Total number of email messages. Total amount of email 
received (i.e. traffic statistics on SMTP protocol).

>   a) Total spam volume (Mb/day)
>   b) total number of spam messages 
>   c) total number of "do-nothing" SMTP connections
>      (e.g. connect, EHLO, disconnect)
> 
>  2. Relative amount of spam
>   a) spam as a percentage of total email (spam messages / total messages)
>   b) spam as a percentage of *non-spam* email (spam messages / accepted
>      messages)
Would like to all see:  size of spam messages / total size of email messages
			size of regular emails / total size of spam

>  3. Count of IP's
>   a) number of IP's sending spam
Please by geographical area. When reverse dns is present - by country 
(.cn) and by larger isp net (i.e. dsl at verizon, etc)

>   b) number of IP's sending "valid" email (may overlap with 3a)
And its interesting to know how many overlap!!!

>  4. Costs associated with dealing with spam
>   a) administrative (network support solely due to spam
Difficult to quantify ...
>   b) technical (end-user) support
>   c) additional infrastructure/machine costs
>   (costs to end users should be initially avoided, as they're more
>    difficult to quantify)
> 
> II) Current Solutions which address the problem
>  1) blacklists
>    a) SMTP conversations blocked due to the blacklist, as a percentage
>       of the total
>       (blocked conversations / total conversations)
What kind of blacklists!!!

This would be usefull for additional statistics on particular list of 
respondents especially if we really do it on wide basis.

>    b) SMTP conversations blocked, as a percentage of non-spam email
>       (blocked conversations / allowed conversations)
> 
>  2) whitelists
>    a) spam which is in the whitelists, as a percentage of the total
>       number of SMTP conversations
>    b) spam which is in the whiteliests, as a percentage of the
>       non-spam SMTP conversations
>
>  3) content filtering
>    a) percentage of non-spam marked as spam (false positive)
This one is really really hard to tell. Most non-spam marked is spam is 
never seen by readers. So actual percentage that is reported would be very 
very small.

>    b) percentage of spam missed by the filter (false negative)
>    c) percentage of spam caught by the filter
> -----
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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To: Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 13:57:25 -0800 (PST)

FY: I meant statistics previous given were not very "broad" and particular 
to one or couple isps! Stupid of me to forget to add "not"...

On Sun, 23 Mar 2003 william@elan.net wrote:

> I'm curious what are your ideas on how to do it in more in terms of scientific
> research. I mean statistics previously given were very "broad". What I see 
> that has to be done is first statistics on how much email goes into what 
> types of mailservers (i.e. statistics on amount of email at larger isps - 
> aol, earthlink, msn) as compared to amount of email at smaller isps as 
> compared to amount of email at free email providers (hotmail, yahoo) as 
> compared to amount of email at enterprise as compared to amount of email 
> at web-hosting companies as compared to email small individual machines
> (hosted on dls, cable, etc). After we have this statistics (how?) we a 
> certain sample can be chosen for each of the groups and then statistics 
> gathered. Just doing sample at aol or at enterprise will not provide 
> accurate statistics!
> 
> > --------  Questionaire on Spam for Mail System Administrators ----
> > 
> > I) Size of the problem
> >  1. Volume
> Add here first - Total number of email messages. Total amount of email 
> received (i.e. traffic statistics on SMTP protocol).
> 
> >   a) Total spam volume (Mb/day)
> >   b) total number of spam messages 
> >   c) total number of "do-nothing" SMTP connections
> >      (e.g. connect, EHLO, disconnect)
> > 
> >  2. Relative amount of spam
> >   a) spam as a percentage of total email (spam messages / total messages)
> >   b) spam as a percentage of *non-spam* email (spam messages / accepted
> >      messages)
> Would like to all see:  size of spam messages / total size of email messages
> 			size of regular emails / total size of spam
> 
> >  3. Count of IP's
> >   a) number of IP's sending spam
> Please by geographical area. When reverse dns is present - by country 
> (.cn) and by larger isp net (i.e. dsl at verizon, etc)
> 
> >   b) number of IP's sending "valid" email (may overlap with 3a)
> And its interesting to know how many overlap!!!
> 
> >  4. Costs associated with dealing with spam
> >   a) administrative (network support solely due to spam
> Difficult to quantify ...
> >   b) technical (end-user) support
> >   c) additional infrastructure/machine costs
> >   (costs to end users should be initially avoided, as they're more
> >    difficult to quantify)
> > 
> > II) Current Solutions which address the problem
> >  1) blacklists
> >    a) SMTP conversations blocked due to the blacklist, as a percentage
> >       of the total
> >       (blocked conversations / total conversations)
> What kind of blacklists!!!
> 
> This would be usefull for additional statistics on particular list of 
> respondents especially if we really do it on wide basis.
> 
> >    b) SMTP conversations blocked, as a percentage of non-spam email
> >       (blocked conversations / allowed conversations)
> > 
> >  2) whitelists
> >    a) spam which is in the whitelists, as a percentage of the total
> >       number of SMTP conversations
> >    b) spam which is in the whiteliests, as a percentage of the
> >       non-spam SMTP conversations
> >
> >  3) content filtering
> >    a) percentage of non-spam marked as spam (false positive)
> This one is really really hard to tell. Most non-spam marked is spam is 
> never seen by readers. So actual percentage that is reported would be very 
> very small.
> 
> >    b) percentage of spam missed by the filter (false negative)
> >    c) percentage of spam caught by the filter
> > -----
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 18:11:07 -0500

At 12:19 PM -0800 3/23/03, william@elan.net wrote:
>  > That gets harder.  Products like ours and SpamAssassin may apply
>>  hundreds of rules, and what is far more important than which rule
>>  fires, is how the combination of results is weighted.
>Actually spamassasin is quite good at reporting what has been checked as is.
>I'v no problem with rules being weighted, but I'd like to know what each
>resulted in. And it really not 100s of rules (not yet...), it maybe 100s
>in terms of long filter list but actual top-level rules are about dozen.

That's SpamAssassin.  The point is.  How are you going to standardize 
the names of rules when, virtually by definition, the rules are 
constantly changing?  You said the point was so that the next filter 
in line wouldn't run something redundantly.  I don't see how that 
works.  Filters don't work that way.  You give the example of having 
applied a whitelist--but that's about the easiest example.  And I 
don't see how you can put these all in a headers without ending up 
with a lot of junk in the headers.

>  > (I'm also not a fan of adding lots of new
>  > headers--but I think this has problems even before we get to that.)
>Possibly. But for example mentioned spamassasin already adds headers and
>so do other filtering products. Each reports in its own way, though.

Yes.  That doesn't mean we should make the situation worse.  I've 
been real careful to keep our output to one single header--and that's 
primarily for reporting misfiled messages.

Now if you want to have a standard way for filters to report their 
results--that seems like a good idea.  It would certainly make the 
MUA developer's job easier.  I just don't see the point in listing 
what rules fired.  But a way for multiple filters to report their 
results in a standard way sounds good.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 20:01:10 -0500

At 1:54 PM -0800 3/23/03, william@elan.net wrote:
>  >  2. Relative amount of spam
>>    a) spam as a percentage of total email (spam messages / total messages)
>>    b) spam as a percentage of *non-spam* email (spam messages / accepted
>>       messages)
>Would like to all see:  size of spam messages / total size of email messages
>			size of regular emails / total size of spam

I assume that we understand that these numbers are going to be very 
inaccurate?  Because if they were accurate, then presumably we'd know 
how to identify spam and we wouldn't be having this conversation.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>, william@elan.net
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 20:23:24 -0500

At 20:01 -0500 3/23/03, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>At 1:54 PM -0800 3/23/03, william@elan.net wrote:
>>  >  2. Relative amount of spam
>>>    a) spam as a percentage of total email (spam messages / total messages)
>>>    b) spam as a percentage of *non-spam* email (spam messages / accepted
>>>       messages)
>>Would like to all see:  size of spam messages / total size of email messages
>>			size of regular emails / total size of spam
>
>I assume that we understand that these numbers are going to be very 
>inaccurate?  Because if they were accurate, then presumably we'd 
>know how to identify spam and we wouldn't be having this 
>conversation.

discussion reminds me of this...

"Criminal laws in this area are constitutionally limited to hard-core
pornography. I shall not today attempt further to define the kinds of
material I understand to be embraced with that shorthand description. ...
But I know it when I see it."
--Justice Potter Stewart (concurring), Jacobellis v. Ohio, 378 U.S. 
184,  198 (1964).


w/r/t numbers, I ran a 30-day study of my own Hotmail box last year, 
with these results...

			Size(K)	Count
Legitimate messages	406	46
Spams in inbox		1319	269
Spams in junk mail box	3819	552
Total spam		5138	821


"Spam" included only messages from entities I had never had contact 
with, not including advertisements (wanted or unwanted) from vendors 
with whom i'd done business or contacted deliberately.


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In-reply-to: <oydptohq2hk.fsf@bert.cs.rice.edu> (message from Scott A Crosby
	on 23 Mar 2003 13:58:31 -0600)
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping)
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 13:27:01 +1100

Scott,

I don't know if you've considered this approach - rather than the
recipient generating stamps using a computationally expensive method,
why doesn't it just generate a unique stamp using a simple method
(e.g. a random or sequential number), and then encrypt it using it's
private key ?

Private key encryption is not overly expensive, but has the attribute
that it is infeasible for the sender to "guess" cipher text that would
result in a stamp that the recipient consider valid.

When the recipient receives a stamp, it simply decrypts it using its
public key, and compares it against its database of valid stamps.

The "down" side of this is that stamps would be larger - e.g. 512 bits
for a 512 bit RSA key pair. However, I think that this increase in
traffic would be fairly neglibable considering the size of average
emails.

Dave
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In-reply-to: <oydptohq2hk.fsf@bert.cs.rice.edu> (message from Scott A Crosby
	on 23 Mar 2003 13:58:31 -0600)
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping)
References: <oydfzpflati.fsf@bert.cs.rice.edu>
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 13:36:00 +1100

Scott,

> Is anyone collecting system proposals, with their plusses, minuses,
> and practicality listed?

I did post a message suggesting a slightly more formal means of
tracking and displaying important summary information, such as
requirements and proposed solutions. I think that the best place for
this is an official web site.

I haven't yet seen any responses to my proposal.

I think a useful result of this approach would be to reduce the amount
of re-hashed ideas, and also to enable list newbies (like myself) to
quickly get up to speed on the results of the research group so far.

Dave
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Subject: [Asrg] Anybody interested in joining me on a VoIP spam session, Apr 2, San Jose
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 19:18:05 -0800


I'm doing a brief re-bow in to the list (I had to leave due to the immense
volume) to see if anybody is interested in speaking on a panel I'm convening
April 2 at the Pulver.com "Voice on the net" conference (www.pulver.com/von).

This is an interesting conference if you have interest in voice over IP,
SIP and H.323 and the like, which are slowly creating a new generation of
telephony.

However, one of the problems that nobody seems to have thought enough about
in the VoIP world is spam.  If we build an infrastructure of VoIP phones,
with SIP URLs that can be phoned by anybody -- as people hope to do, to
replace the PSTN -- then eventually there will be a spam problem.

As you might guess, it would be attractive to spammers if they can
get an overseas machine to simultaneously phone zillions of IP phones,
and play them audio.  They will use tricks like using a low-bandwidth codec
for the first 20 seconds, and if you don't hang up, switching to a higher
bandwidth one to play you their message.   And predictive dialing tricks
(which get you all those blank phone calls today) will get even worse.  They
will INVITE 1,000 phones, and only play audio to as many as they have
bandwidth to handle, leaving the rest with a blank call.

I usually do a session at this conference on privacy and security issues
and thought this would be a cool topic to address.  I will talk about it,
as well as other issues, but don't want to take the whole hour for myself.

There are lessons from E-mail that might be brought forward.  At the same
time, there are principles to preserve, of an open, end-to-end phone network
where anybody can call anybody, instead of a super-secured one where only
known people can talk to you.   And there are combination solutions, where
people initiate contact with e-mail and move to voice at the agreement of
the recipient.

Unlike E-mail, SIP has not yet taken over the world of the phone and it
still is subject to improvement wrt this issue.

Anyway, interesting problems.  If this appeals to you, send me a direct
E-mail.  Thanks.
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping)
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 20:50:16 -0800

--=====================_41107469==_.ALT
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed

At 08:16 AM 3/23/2003 -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com> wrote:
> > You're still, I think foolishly, focused on an ISP-oriented
> > solution.  Sender-pays makes them most sense when the client SW is 
> capable,
> > if not singularly empowered, to enforce the payment mechanism at the
> > receiving point.
>
>Ok, but what about the main question?  What is the minimum speed CPU
>that you will allow to send mail?  Do you expect everyone from now on
>to buy equal speed CPUs?

"Allow"?   Stamps will in all probability be "sized" at 
60-600GHz-seconds.  Whether someone is willing to tolerate this process 
delay is one based on CPU speed, patience and importance of the email.

>How else do you ensure that the spammers
>don't have CPUs that are 10,000 times faster than spam targets?

Why would it matter?  The hashcash stamp generation process is highly 
asymmetric.  Stamps generated through many GHz-seconds of effort can be 
speedily authenticated by even cellphone or PDA level machines.  Even stamp 
generators constructed from state-of-the-art ASICs are unlikely to make 
stamps more economically than a cluster of x86 blades.


> > >There are reasons why after at least 6 months the hashcash proposals
> > >are still only ideas.
> >
> > The reason is mostly that there are lots of arm chair generals but fewer
> > competent programmers.
>
>I can't disagree; standards committees, netnews groups, and bars are
>always filled with non-players eager to tell the players how to play.
>However, a willingess to admit and deal with fundamental design problems
>such as the span of real CPU speeds is part of being a competent
>programmer.  At the end of the day, competent programmers are those
>who have programmed competently.  How is your sender-pays implementation
>working?  How much of your incoming mail is sender-paid, and how much
>is simply whitelisted?  (If I'm confused about which solution you have
>implemented, please forgive me and say how it is working.)
>
>Only about 1% of the spam sent my way gets through my filters, but I
>must admit that the DCC is applied to only the leavings of my static
>filters.

The following is an edited version of cross-posts from "Eric S. Johansson" 
<esj@harvee.org>, Camram's primary developer:

One of the systems proposed in camram is to switch from proof of work 
stamps to signed messages once you have been properly introduced. This some 
write-ups on this on the camram site but it's kind of obscure because the 
idea wasn't well thought out when I wrote it. The paper at 
http://harvee.org/camram/ is somewhat more illustrative but it's not fully 
documented yet. That is yet another way folks on the cypherpunks lists can 
help. Work out a system by which message has an embedded public key and the 
key is considered "good" after some introduction process involving two 
parties e-mailing each other. Then figure out how to deal with new key 
introductions if the original key has been lost to accident or deliberate 
action. It's a hoot. ;-)

it is safe to assume that these keys will not have any pass phrases because 
this is a crypto system totally invisible to end-users. Argue with me on 
the no pass phrases requirement directly if you wish.

the camram protocol can be embedded: at the client, or at the server. I 
have a mostly working version at the server and could use some help with a 
few things (see end)

one thing folks aren't too aware of is that I have incorporated a Bayesian 
style filter into the camram environment in order to reduce the number of 
"postage do" notices. As many folks justifiably point out, if you don't 
eliminate the need for a "and then the universe changes" step, you won't 
get out of starting gates. The addition of a filter to discriminate e-mail 
into three categories (red/yellow/green) allows me to reduce the number of 
challenge messages to a small fraction what they could be. The feature that 
implements "and friends fly free" allows you to build your communications 
map and reduce the need for stamps in either direction. Again, this works 
at client side or server side.

>What I want is
>- a Eudora plugin to check for hashcash stamps, send bounce messages, auto 
>generate my hashcash stamps, and help create and maintain my white list.
>- a web site which offers a hashcash stamp generator applet and simple 
>instructions for

Figure out how to make Eudora interface with Python code and we are most of 
the way there.

what we have done:
- basic filter sequence consisting of stamp, white list, postage due 
response, basic template
- a stamp generating SMTP proxy prototype.
- spam discriminator prototype based on CRM114
- holding area management for spam and maybe spam mail
- prototype CGI for holding area operations (discarded because UI sucks eggs)
- prototype CGI for browser based stamp generation in response to postage 
due notice

what we need help with:
- holding area operations CGI. Must be simple UI allowing non-computer user 
to correct discriminator mis-recognitions and release improperly filtered 
messages.
- better CGI for browser based stamp generation.
- better SMTP proxy for outbound stamp generation (including proper BCC 
handling)
- proxies for pop 3
- Most of the code has been written in Python.  We're using Java only for 
the postage due notice web page. It needs to be rewritten a bit to be only 
Java 1.1, show only a big fat button that says "send postage" when it is 
done, and probably some other things which I can't think of right now.

any takers?

--=====================_41107469==_.ALT
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"

<html>
At 08:16 AM 3/23/2003 -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite>Steve Schear
&lt;schear@attbi.com&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt; You're still, I think foolishly, focused on an ISP-oriented <br>
&gt; solution.&nbsp; Sender-pays makes them most sense when the client SW
is capable, <br>
&gt; if not singularly empowered, to enforce the payment mechanism at the
<br>
&gt; receiving point.<br><br>
Ok, but what about the main question?&nbsp; What is the minimum speed
CPU<br>
that you will allow to send mail?&nbsp; Do you expect everyone from now
on<br>
to buy equal speed CPUs?&nbsp; </blockquote><br>
&quot;Allow&quot;?&nbsp;&nbsp; Stamps will in all probability be
&quot;sized&quot; at 60-600GHz-seconds.&nbsp; Whether someone is willing
to tolerate this process delay is one based on CPU speed, patience and
importance of the email.<br><br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite>How else do you ensure that the
spammers<br>
don't have CPUs that are 10,000 times faster than spam
targets?</blockquote><br>
Why would it matter?&nbsp; The hashcash stamp generation process is
highly asymmetric.&nbsp; Stamps generated through many GHz-seconds of
effort can be speedily authenticated by even cellphone or PDA level
machines.&nbsp; Even stamp generators constructed from state-of-the-art
ASICs are unlikely to make stamps more economically than a cluster of x86
blades.&nbsp; <br><br>
<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite>&gt; &gt;There are reasons why
after at least 6 months the hashcash proposals<br>
&gt; &gt;are still only ideas.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; The reason is mostly that there are lots of arm chair generals but
fewer <br>
&gt; competent programmers.<br><br>
I can't disagree; standards committees, netnews groups, and bars 
are<br>
always filled with non-players eager to tell the players how to
play.<br>
However, a willingess to admit and deal with fundamental design
problems<br>
such as the span of real CPU speeds is part of being a competent<br>
programmer.&nbsp; At the end of the day, competent programmers are
those<br>
who have programmed competently.&nbsp; How is your sender-pays
implementation<br>
working?&nbsp; How much of your incoming mail is sender-paid, and how
much<br>
is simply whitelisted?&nbsp; (If I'm confused about which solution you
have<br>
implemented, please forgive me and say how it is working.)<br><br>
Only about 1% of the spam sent my way gets through my filters, but 
I<br>
must admit that the DCC is applied to only the leavings of my 
static<br>
filters.</blockquote><br>
The following is an edited version of cross-posts from &quot;Eric S.
Johansson&quot; &lt;esj@harvee.org&gt;, Camram's primary
developer:<br><br>
One of the systems proposed in camram is to switch from proof of work
stamps to signed messages once you have been properly introduced. This
some write-ups on this on the camram site but it's kind of obscure
because the idea wasn't well thought out when I wrote it. The paper at
<a href="http://harvee.org/camram/" eudora="autourl"><font color="#0000FF"><u>http://harvee.org/camram/</a></u></font>
is somewhat more illustrative but it's not fully documented yet. That is yet another way folks on the cypherpunks lists can help. Work out a system by which message has an embedded public key and the key is considered &quot;good&quot; after some introduction process involving two parties e-mailing each other. Then figure out how to deal with new key introductions if the original key has been lost to accident or deliberate action. It's a hoot. ;-)<br><br>
it is safe to assume that these keys will not have any pass phrases because this is a crypto system totally invisible to end-users. Argue with me on the no pass phrases requirement directly if you wish.<br><br>
the camram protocol can be embedded: at the client, or at the server. I have a mostly working version at the server and could use some help with a few things (see end)<br><br>
one thing folks aren't too aware of is that I have incorporated a Bayesian style filter into the camram environment in order to reduce the number of &quot;postage do&quot; notices. As many folks justifiably point out, if you don't eliminate the need for a &quot;and then the universe changes&quot; step, you won't get out of starting gates. The addition of a filter to discriminate e-mail into three categories (red/yellow/green) allows me to reduce the number of challenge messages to a small fraction what they could be. The feature that implements &quot;and friends fly free&quot; allows you to build your communications map and reduce the need for stamps in either direction. Again, this works at client side or server side.<br><br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite>What I want is <br>
- a Eudora plugin to check for hashcash stamps, send bounce messages, auto generate my hashcash stamps, and help create and maintain my white list. <br>
- a web site which offers a hashcash stamp generator applet and simple instructions for</blockquote><br>
Figure out how to make Eudora interface with Python code and we are most of the way there.<br><br>
what we have done:<br>
- basic filter sequence consisting of stamp, white list, postage due response, basic template<br>
- a stamp generating SMTP proxy prototype.<br>
- spam discriminator prototype based on CRM114<br>
- holding area management for spam and maybe spam mail<br>
- prototype CGI for holding area operations (discarded because UI sucks eggs)<br>
- prototype CGI for browser based stamp generation in response to postage due notice<br><br>
what we need help with:<br>
- holding area operations CGI. Must be simple UI allowing non-computer user to correct discriminator mis-recognitions and release improperly filtered messages.<br>
- better CGI for browser based stamp generation.<br>
- better SMTP proxy for outbound stamp generation (including proper BCC handling)<br>
- proxies for pop 3<br>
- Most of the code has been written in Python.&nbsp; We're using Java only for the postage due notice web page. It needs to be rewritten a bit to be only Java 1.1, show only a big fat button that says &quot;send postage&quot; when it is done, and probably some other things which I can't think of right now.<br><br>
any takers?<br>
</html>

--=====================_41107469==_.ALT--

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> I'v given up on Microsh.t software

That's enough.  The rest of your missive isn't even worth quoting.

*plonk*

-- 
PGP key (0x0AFA039E): <http://www.pan-am.ca/consulting@pan-am.ca.asc>
What's a PGP Key?  See <http://www.pan-am.ca/free.html>
GOD BLESS AMER, er, THE INTERNET. <http://vmyths.com/rant.cfm?id=401&page=4>
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On Sunday, March 23, 2003, at 08:54  PM, Gordon Fecyk - Home wrote:

>> I'v given up on Microsh.t software
>
> That's enough.  The rest of your missive isn't even worth quoting.
>

and what you do personally is up to you. Anything that tries to solve 
the problem we're here to solve has to consider and support Microsoft, 
or it's a non-starter.


-- 
Chuq Von Rospach, Architech
chuqui@plaidworks.com -- http://www.plaidworks.com/chuqui/blog/


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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 19:14:32 -0800 (PST)

> On Sunday, March 23, 2003, at 08:54  PM, Gordon Fecyk - Home wrote:
> 
> >> I'v given up on Microsh.t software
> >
> > That's enough.  The rest of your missive isn't even worth quoting.
> >
> 
> and what you do personally is up to you. Anything that tries to solve 
> the problem we're here to solve has to consider and support Microsoft, 
> or it's a non-starter.
 
I agree (unfortunetly). But the particulars of SRV and Microsoft has been
discussed on many many other lists before. Allmost everyone is in agreement
that Microsoft will have to support this and every other protocol is being
developed with SRVs in mind. Just look at multiple RFCs that already have 
that in them and even more drafts.

As far as various dns-mail-from proposals, I find DSDNSBL the best one as
far as dns portion of it. But all these proposals are too easy to 
circumvent by spammers and are too restrictive for existing email 
communication, that is the main reason I'd not support them. Nothing to do 
with SRVs or Microsoft. 
 
-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net

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Date: 23 Mar 2003 23:42:10 -0600

On Sun, 23 Mar 2003 23:30:12 -0500, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> writes:

> At 9:53 PM -0600 3/23/03, Scott A Crosby wrote:
> >  > Ah.  So unsolicited email needs CPU-generated stamps.  Solicited just
> >>  needs a one-time random token.  Thanks, that makes sense.

> 
> Fundamentally what you are doing is saying that the pain of sending
> only needs to happen once, and from then on you've given tokens that
> represent a consent to communicate.  I certainly like it better than
> the pure hash-cash/sender-pays solutions.  And as it represents less
> up-front pain, it's more likely to be accepted.

Hashcash seems utterly ineffective if its anything less than
60ghz*seconds, and more likely 600ghz*seconds. Secondly, for
legitimate bulk-mail senders such as ASRG, that is too high a cost to
put on every message. It would also be nice to send mail to my mother
without burning 10 minutes of CPU. Ergo, if hashcash is to be used,
there *must* be a way to spread around 'cheap' tokens that let those
legitimate bulk senders escape.

For the most part, everything else is just tentative mechanisms to
make it possible to spread around such 'cheap' stamps.

Not that I think this mechanism is great, but I don't think many of
the others that I've heard about are all that practical or desirable
either.

> That said, I don't see yet how it could get past the early-adopter
> phase.  Like the other systems, it offers no real benefits until a
> substantial number of people adopt it.

I can speculate one way. Remember, I haven't stated any policy as what
other means may be available to obtain stamps. I give two required
ways to obtain stamps, but others exist. For instance,
auto-reply-robots that do a two-way handshake or CAPTCHA website
challenges.

One could build this as a 'side' mechanism into a auto-reply robot
whitelisting mechanism similar to TMDA that IETF seperately
standardizes. The robot-replies sucks for older clients, but work. We
make the the stamp-missing control message machine-readible to make
conforming clients check for other valid stamps (or expend the CPU to
create a new stamp). They're also human-readible telling people to
reply to the robot and complete the handshake.

That way conforming clients are actually a benefit for
recipients. Either a sender is sending from a known-good address, or
they implement this protocol. They're also more convenient for
senders, a sender never sees those bounce messages
anymore. Eventually, in 5-10 years we depreciate the white-listing
robot and make all stamp-missing bounce messages only
machine-readible.

Conforming senders interoperate with old recievers, they just attach
some extra headers that get ignored.

Conforming receivers interoperate with old senders. During initial
deployment, they can whitelist based on completing a handshake by
replying to the stamp-missing-bounce-message. Or they can obtain nonce
stamps from a website, or an included CAPTCHA. There's no
authentication, but no worse than current by-sender whitelists.

Eventuallly most recievers will become conforming and the
stamp-missing bounce messages would not be shown to the users anymore;
clients would burn the CPU and resend automatically.

Conforming mailing list systems would keep track of whether a client
appeared to be running this system based on whether a stamp was
attached to the subscription request. Thus switching between a
non-conforming mailing list client and a conforming mailing list
client might cause one to lose list subscriptions, which isn't TOO
bad.

This might almost be the best case. If nothing happens. I can imagine
large ISP's doing the part of this (putting a auto-reply robot
whitelister), and then we'd never get the second half of the
protocol. IMHO, that'd be a horrible mess. We might as well try to use
such an auto-reply whitelister as a bootstrap mechanism to something
better.

> The other interesting thing though, that just came to me, is that
> there is a whole class of solutions (of which this is one) that change
> the nature of email in an interesting way.  Currently email is not
> really a protocol.  It's a one way communication.  (Bounces are the
> exception that prove the rule.)  These solutions change email into
> something that is actually a protocol.  The act of communicating, at
> least initially, involves automated back and forth communication.  The
> reason I find it interesting is that it introduces a whole new set of
> failure modes you need to worry about. Network latency, bounce
> messages, message-delayed messages, lost messages, vacation messages,
> vacations themselves...  All of these things could have interesting
> impacts on the system that we've never really had to think about
> before.

Good point. 

It seems that almost any consent mechanism must make email become a
two-way system.

Scott

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Update to DS Protocol draft
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Obviously you're entitled to your opinion but I don't see this as anything 
more than the slightest bit restrictive for existing communication.

It will require domains to set up authenticated ways of sending e-mail when 
not on your home network which just seems like good sense to me.  And if you 
don't feel like doing that you can just leave it unconfigured and continue to 
enjoy the same lax measures we enjoy today.

As far as being easy to circumvent by spammers, the more you limit what they 
can use in their fake headers the greater the chances they will have to use 
real headers.  Once they're using real headers sensible blocking and/or legal 
complaints actually become feasible.

Currently open relays is a major problem.  This would limit the usefulness of 
open relays and eventually shift the focus from people who had open relays to 
people that didn't have their DS configured.

> As far as various dns-mail-from proposals, I find DSDNSBL the best one as
> far as dns portion of it. But all these proposals are too easy to
> circumvent by spammers and are too restrictive for existing email
> communication, that is the main reason I'd not support them. Nothing to do
> with SRVs or Microsoft.

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Mon Mar 24 01:03:41 2003
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Sun, 23 Mar 2003 22:58:26 -0700 (MST)

> From: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>

> ...
> and what you do personally is up to you. Anything that tries to solve 
> the problem we're here to solve has to consider and support Microsoft, 
> or it's a non-starter.

That is true only of solutions that require large critical masses.  Not
all spam defenses are like that.  Various blacklists are the canonical
example of defenses without significant critical mass requirements.

It is worth remembering that anything that blocks all spam from all
targets is a non-starter.  Some of the net will always be spam-friendly
and will demand and require the right to have lots of spam.  Spam is
always only determined at the mailbox of the target. 

Speaking of Microsoft, it would be swell if the Bcentral sources of
unsolicited bulk email that have been pounding at my mailbox and traps
for years and even this week would stop.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] The "Human-Shield" effect; the need for end-user control
To: "Matt Sergeant"  <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 08:46:52 +0000

> On Sun, 23 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> 
> 
> > At 10:42 AM +0000 3/23/03, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> > > > There are some issues. Your filter server's capabilities may not be
> > >> the same as mine, for instance. But in general, the idea of a common
> > >>  mechanism for expressing your filter desires (what countries, what
> > >> languages, what's the white list, what's the blacklist, what IP's or
> > >> RBLs...) is a good idea. We have already done some preliminary work
> > >>  in this area with our product.
> > >
> > >As have the IETF. See SEIVE.
> > 
> > That looks like an attempt to write a programming language for 
> > filtering text in email format.  That is *way* more specific than 
> > simply configuring an existing filter.  Has anyone actually 
> > implemented it?
> 
> Yes, a few. http://www.cyrusoft.com/sieve/#implementations
> 
> As I said in another mail, I was thinking of this as something to build 
> on, rather than inventing a new syntax (even a syntax of XML).
> 

I'd be really surprised if one could build on a language
which has the intention "...to make it impossible for users to do anything
more complex (and dangerous) than write simple mail filters"
so as to create a general mechanism for configuring arbitary filter
engines.






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For those of you who have tossed around the idea of a hash-stamp or other 
type of stamping protocol, I implore you to check out this proposal.  I 
believe it to be very close to a workable solution, if not one, for 
limiting any type of undesired network communication, but specifically 
eliminating SPAM E-Mail.  I know I've thrown this idea out once before but 
I only received a few responses from people who completely read the 
proposal and understood it's workings.  A web page has been put up 
explaining the idea at http://meor.xwarzone.com/overview.htm  For those of 
you that have read it before, a few paragraphs have been added to the 
beginning of the proposal to more properly introduce the concept and make 
it easier to follow.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Hashstamp-like proposal
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 10:01:40 +0000

> For those of you who have tossed around the idea of a hash-stamp or other
> type of stamping protocol, I implore you to check out this proposal.  I 
> believe it to be very close to a workable solution, if not one, for 
> limiting any type of undesired network communication, but specifically 
> eliminating SPAM E-Mail. I know I've thrown this idea out once before but
> I only received a few responses from people who completely read the 
> proposal and understood it's workings.  A web page has been put up 
> explaining the idea at http://meor.xwarzone.com/overview.htm For those of
> you that have read it before, a few paragraphs have been added to the 
> beginning of the proposal to more properly introduce the concept and make
> it easier to follow.
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> 

DRAWBACKS OF THIS METHOD

1. Requires a new client, server, and protocol in order to be implemented.

Is that all? :-)




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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 10:59:17 +0000
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On Sunday, Mar 23, 2003, at 22:32 Europe/London, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> The volume of spam is a problem, but only in human attention and not
> network bits/second, CPU cycles, or disk space, unless you have
> thousands of users' spam to deal with.

It has become a problem CPU-wise for us. We run *very* aggressive 
filters - 4 anti-virus filters, three types of anti-spam filter, and if 
the customer wants it, a porn filter.

It's quite CPU intensive to deal with all the spam. Or put another way, 
we'd certainly rather not have to ;-)

Matt.

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From: David Finnie <David.Finnie@platypuspartners.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Hashstamp-like proposal
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 22:19:31 +1100

> For those of you who have tossed around the idea of a hash-stamp or other 
> type of stamping protocol, I implore you to check out this proposal.  I 
> believe it to be very close to a workable solution, if not one, for 
> limiting any type of undesired network communication, but specifically 
> eliminating SPAM E-Mail.  I know I've thrown this idea out once before but 
> I only received a few responses from people who completely read the 
> proposal and understood it's workings.  A web page has been put up 
> explaining the idea at http://meor.xwarzone.com/overview.htm  For those of 
> you that have read it before, a few paragraphs have been added to the 
> beginning of the proposal to more properly introduce the concept and make 
> it easier to follow.

I see several potential problems with this method - most importantly
(see below), that I think it can be circumvented by spammers:

- it is patented. Admittedly a free licence is granted for free
  software, but it is fairly clear that's not the case for "for sale"
  software.

- the last time I checked, DSA is patented. I don't know what the
  situation is at the moment re. licensing DSA technologies.

- it doesn't actually "eliminate" spam - spammers may still choose to
  wear the cost of computation. From my reading of the protocol, after
  they succeed in cracking the weak cypher key, the spam message is
  still delivered. That's different to my definition of "eliminate".

- a distribution list could be the way spammers get around this protocol:

  spammer joins ASRG list, starts collecting names

  since ASRG mail server is sending messages to us, it includes its
  public key and a signed piece of info in every message. 

  spammer gathers 1 or more of these signed pieces of info, and send a
  message to the recipients of the list, using the ASRG mail server's
  public key and signed piece of info. Since all of us have (of
  course) included ASRG in our white list, the spammers messages get
  through with no challenge/computation effort.

  Have I missed something ?

Dave
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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Update to DS Protocol draft
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 08:39:41 -0500 (EST)



On Sun, 23 Mar 2003, David Walker wrote:

> As far as being easy to circumvent by spammers, the more you limit what they 
> can use in their fake headers the greater the chances they will have to use 
> real headers.  Once they're using real headers sensible blocking and/or legal 
> complaints actually become feasible.
> 

This point needs some expansion. Is the purpose of the proposal to allow
receipients to block on characteristics other than connection address? To
block only the spammers, and allow the legitimate mail to go through? Why
doesn't this have dangerous incentive effects, that is, MTA maintainers
will lose part of their incentive to block spam at the source because
their own legitimate mail will no longer be at risk of being blocked.

I can certainly see some ISPs giving up on spam control, and just telling
receipients that they should drop forged header mail rather than forward
it to abuse@.

Daniel Feenberg



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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] keeping it accurate
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 07:52:18 -0700 (MST)

> From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>

> > The volume of spam is a problem, but only in human attention and not
> > network bits/second, CPU cycles, or disk space, unless you have
> > thousands of users' spam to deal with.
>
> It has become a problem CPU-wise for us. We run *very* aggressive 
> filters - 4 anti-virus filters, three types of anti-spam filter, and if 
> the customer wants it, a porn filter.
>
> It's quite CPU intensive to deal with all the spam. Or put another way, 
> we'd certainly rather not have to ;-)

It's not entirely clear that resources spent on filtering should be
charged to receving spam, but let's assume they should.

How many CPU-seconds do you spend for each incoming mail mesage and
how man users do you have?

If you spend 1000 CPU cycles on every byte of incoming mail, then I
suspect you spend less than 0.01 CPU seconds of a GHz CPU per typical
less than 5 KByte mail message.  However, assume I'm wrong by a factor
of 10 and you spend 10,000 cycles/byte.  That implies that a cheap GHz
server can handle about 800,000 mail messages/day.  Unless you have
thousands of users, how can you have a problem?

In other words, are you disagreeing with me?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: "'Vernon Schryver'" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: rant.. Re: [Asrg] My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it 
	went badly!)
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 07:28:05 -0800

> I stand by my guess about sour grapes from avocates of silver bullets.
> The common silver bullets have nothing but months (e.g. hashcash) and
> sometimes years (e.g. authentication and sender-pays money) of
> non-technical and often technically inaccurate talk supporting them.

Vernon, you are projecting like mad here.

You are the person that has contributed NO ideas and has made spiteful
comments about every single scheme apart from your own.

Your attacks have been as snide as they are contentless. You don't
even have the guts to address specific people or issues, instead
you throw up lots of FUD against ill defined approaches.

It appears to me that you are the one suffering from sour grapes here.

		Phill
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abuse@ where?  It takes research and guesswork to determine that.

I really don't understand your question.  The purpose of the proposal, (as I 
see it, it isn't my proposal) is to provide a tool I can use to check and see 
if the mail is being sent from an legitimate, acceptable machine under the 
control of the the sender's domain.  Presumably if someone is trying to send 
mail FROM my domain from a machine I have disallowed, then they are not a 
legitimate mail user (a spammer and/or a forger) and should not see their 
message delivered.

There is no reason this proposal would encourage ISPs of spammers to allow 
spam through.  Dropping forged header mail (with an SMTP error code) is just 
good practice.

I think you're confusing MTA maintainers at the forged from site with the MTA 
maintainers running open relays.  With the current design, when someone sent 
out a mail with a forged @grax.com from address the bounce messages came to 
me.  But I have no control whatsoever on who sends mail "from" my domain 
until we get this implemented.


On Monday 24 March 2003 07:39 am, Daniel Feenberg wrote:
> This point needs some expansion. Is the purpose of the proposal to allow
> receipients to block on characteristics other than connection address? To
> block only the spammers, and allow the legitimate mail to go through? Why
> doesn't this have dangerous incentive effects, that is, MTA maintainers
> will lose part of their incentive to block spam at the source because
> their own legitimate mail will no longer be at risk of being blocked.
>
> I can certainly see some ISPs giving up on spam control, and just telling
> receipients that they should drop forged header mail rather than forward
> it to abuse@.
>
> Daniel Feenberg

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> > There are reasons why after at least 6 months the hashcash proposals
> > are still only ideas.
> 
> Hashcach is fundamentally flawed. Cool and interesting, but doomed.
> 
> Authenticating headers opportunistically can work. Baby steps. 

Hashcash is essentially an authorization step, the authorization 
is implicit in spending the time required to send the email.

There is a hierarchy of approaches here.

Authentication 			- Simplest, lowest cost
Authentication + Whitelists	- more maintenance
Non-convertible cash schemes	- require state maintenance
Convertible cash schemes	- require settlements

Convertible cash schemes are very complex as they require settlements
and that is expensive - none of the existing settlement systems in use
today can manage trades for less than tens of cents per transaction.
Convertible cash schemes also involve a new fraud incentive.


The problem I have believing the cash schemes is that the spam senders 
appear to be willing to spend more to create garbage than many users.

Rememberthat 'Authentication' here could involve moving to a pull
protocol rather than a push protocol FOR CERTAIN APPLICATIONS. Here 
NNTP with limited posting rights is a posibility, although its 
failure to manage spam on Usenet means that many will dismiss it, 
probably unfairly. Another possibility is RSS.

There is only a subset of messaging that can be managed that 
way unfortunately. Mailing lists, alerts, newsletters, etc. But
we are not going to find a silver bullet, we need to address each
use independently and accept that there will be need for different 
approaches.

One interesting approach would be to combine RSS with a notification
pig via UDP. So the user subscribes to a stream, the stream says 
something like 'i update every 15 minutes, hour, day, whatever'. The
user can poll, or the user can wait for a UDP packet that gives the 
serial number of the last update, thus allowing updates earlier than
the indicator says.

This system can be made quite robust, unsolicited packets are simply
ignored as there is no point unless there is a subcription. If a user
stops downloading the feed for some time the sender can simply delete
the user's account and stop sending the udp packets.

This type of scheme could operate in parallel as a feature of a 
traditional mailing list agent.

		Phill 
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 23 Mar 2003 20:01:10 EST."
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 05:52:14 -0500

Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
> I assume that we understand that these numbers are going to be very 
> inaccurate?  Because if they were accurate, then presumably we'd know 
> how to identify spam and we wouldn't be having this conversation.

  I'm not quite sure what you're getting at.

- The numbers will be precise
  byte or message counts are easy to calculate correctly

- The numbers may be accurate
  they will count exactly the messages which the ISP's believe to be
  spam, and not any other messages

- The criteria for determining *which* messages are spam is vague,
  imprecise, ill-defined, and subject to personal bias


  However, by measuring data from from biased systems, we can get a
good indication of what those biases may be, how extensive they are,
and even discover the shape of the non-biased systems.

  Pollsters use these methods all the time.  They call people, collect
precise, accurate data about personal biases.  The people may lie, but
with enough data, that bias may be accounted for.

  I'm not saying the numbers will be perfect, or perfectly collected.
I'm coming at it from a method used in physics: A small step forward
is better than sitting still.

  What amazes me is the number of people who would rather do nothing
than use an imperfect system, and the number of people who fight
against something they agree with, because they think it doesn't go
far enough.

  Can we please learn how to walk before we start running?

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics 
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 06:00:34 -0500

william@elan.net wrote:
> I'm curious what are your ideas on how to do it in more in terms of
> scientific research.

  By that, I would mean "research conducted according to established
scientific methods."

> ... After we have this statistics (how?) we a 
> certain sample can be chosen for each of the groups and then statistics 
> gathered. Just doing sample at aol or at enterprise will not provide 
> accurate statistics!

  You're arguing against a position no one advocated.

> >  3. Count of IP's
> >   a) number of IP's sending spam
> Please by geographical area. When reverse dns is present - by country 
> (.cn) and by larger isp net (i.e. dsl at verizon, etc)

  I disagree completely.  Asking for those statistics will likely mean
that many companies will not participate.

> >  4. Costs associated with dealing with spam
> >   a) administrative (network support solely due to spam
> Difficult to quantify ...

  So?  They can pick a ballpark number.  It's still better than
nothing.

> > II) Current Solutions which address the problem
> >  1) blacklists
...
> What kind of blacklists!!!

  That question should be initially avoided.  There is too much
emotion involved in the issue.

  Alan DeKok.
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> From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>

>   Pollsters use these methods all the time.  They call people, collect
> precise, accurate data about personal biases.  The people may lie, but
> with enough data, that bias may be accounted for.

I'd like to add two more statistics to Alan's list:

1) For each IP address, the number of successful RCPT commands issued
   by that client.
2) For each IP address, the number of unsuccessful RCPT commands issued
   by that client.

In spite of derogatory comments by some others earlier, I think it
would be interesting to see if spammers generally have dirtier lists
than non-spammers.

--
David.
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
cc: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 17:24:22 +0000 (GMT)

On Mon, 24 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> How many CPU-seconds do you spend for each incoming mail mesage and
> how man users do you have?

We average about 1 second per email. We process over 10 million emails a 
day for about 1.2 million users. IIRC our average processor is a 1.2Ghz 
Pentium.

Yes, this is an inordinately long period of time.

> In other words, are you disagreeing with me?

I'm never sure ;-) Hence I'm not drawing any conclusions, just trying to 
give the facts as we see them.

Matt.

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics 
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 09:07:27 -0800

I think that the discussion of accuracy is misplaced. I don't think
we need to measure to n decimal places here. In fact I don't think
we need any decimal places.

We have two pieces of information that I think most significant:

1 Spam is growing at an exponential rate (10% a month by the most
conservative estimates).

2 The spam senders are using countermeasures to bypass filtering.


The types of information I think IS interesting is information that
gives a handle on the character of the problem. In particular

  - Proportion that comes from list kiddies (small fry who bought 
	a list) vs garbage creators (major spamhaus)

  - Rates of growth of spam from different sources.

  - Whether certain countermeasures have been applied in more than
	5% of cases.

  - Proportion of spam sent through open relays - to 10% or so.


I am not interested in the precise figures as they will change. We
are dealing with an enemy that will change its behavior in response
to our own.

Clearly there is an s curve here, there is a limit on the exponential,
however 1) I don't know where it is, 2) I have no way of estimating
where it might be and 3) I suspect it depends on us comming up with
a countermeasure.

If no spam sender ever uses forged headers we could cut out a lot
of spam simply by whitelisting for the major ISPs known to implement
rate limiting. I doubt that such will remain the case for very long.

		Phill

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On Mon, 24 Mar 2003 05:52:14 -0500, "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
wrote:

>Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
>> I assume that we understand that these numbers are going to be very 
>> inaccurate?  Because if they were accurate, then presumably we'd know 
>> how to identify spam and we wouldn't be having this conversation.

[snip]

>  I'm not saying the numbers will be perfect, or perfectly collected.
>I'm coming at it from a method used in physics: A small step forward
>is better than sitting still.
>
>  What amazes me is the number of people who would rather do nothing
>than use an imperfect system, and the number of people who fight
>against something they agree with, because they think it doesn't go
>far enough.
>
>  Can we please learn how to walk before we start running?

To that point, if a comprehensive survey is going to be done, my
impression is it should be as thorough as possible. ASRG's mission
necessarily places a lot on our collective plate. However, I have a
responsibility to SpamCon Foundation's donors to not spend their donated
funds on wasted or frivolous efforts. So, before we start throwing away
dollars (in actual costs, time, resources, or getting a university to do
the research project if it becomes large enough), we need to make sure
that the effort is worthwhile.

This group (ASRG) is part of our constituent population, as are each of
the participants here. That being said, this group needs to not only
learn how to walk, but at least have both legs working on the same
effort. To translate - if it's actual data we're looking for, then we
should at least agree, as a group, what data we want.

So, I recommend that the Chair determine the sense of the group and
state whether a survey of the sort we've been discussing here is germane
to this Research Group fulfilling its mission. If so, then perhaps we
all might have some discussion as to what data is necessary for the
survey to be actually useful to the group is fulfilling its mission.


               Ted Gavin * tedgavin@newsguy.com *
 Trustee & Officer, SpamCon Foundation  <http://www.spamcon.org>
              A California Non-Profit Organization
   Protecting email as a medium of communications and commerce
          Donations: <http://www.spamcon.org/donations>
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>DRAWBACKS OF THIS METHOD
>
>1. Requires a new client, server, and protocol in order to be implemented.
>
>Is that all? :-)
I see what you're getting at.  Unfortunately as far as I know there hasn't 
been a good solution presented that doesn't either break SMTP or require a 
consensus among all clients and servers; which in effect is a new protocol.

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>- the last time I checked, DSA is patented. I don't know what the
>   situation is at the moment re. licensing DSA technologies.

If there is an issue with the DSA licensing scheme, I believe this method 
could use any digital signing method in order to get the desired effect.

>- it doesn't actually "eliminate" spam - spammers may still choose to
>   wear the cost of computation. From my reading of the protocol, after
>   they succeed in cracking the weak cypher key, the spam message is
>   still delivered. That's different to my definition of "eliminate".

Well, what this method does, is make it infeasible to make a business out 
of spamming.  When you require connections to identify themselves it 
becomes very easy to make it very hard for a select group of people to 
abuse it.  For instance if a big company emerged and used the domain 
spammers.org or certain IPs that were known, E-Mail host operators could 
easily make it 10 time or 100 times more difficult for a message to be sent 
from that domain or group of IPs.  Knowing that it is so easy for an E-Mail 
host admin to single them out and ramp up difficulty in sending, spammers 
would be very weary of investing a large amount of money in getting more 
processing power.

The difficulty alone in solving the computation task makes it impossible 
for a single CPU or group of them to be effective at spamming.  If mail 
host administrators generally picked a 10-20 second work load for a message 
to be sent, that would mean 10-20 seconds between each message which would 
be a huge detrement to spamming.

>- a distribution list could be the way spammers get around this protocol:
>
>   spammer joins ASRG list, starts collecting names
>
>   since ASRG mail server is sending messages to us, it includes its
>   public key and a signed piece of info in every message.
>
>   spammer gathers 1 or more of these signed pieces of info, and send a
>   message to the recipients of the list, using the ASRG mail server's
>   public key and signed piece of info. Since all of us have (of
>   course) included ASRG in our white list, the spammers messages get
>   through with no challenge/computation effort.
>
>   Have I missed something ?

Well, that is a good idea however I think this "problem" would be solved 
with a good implementation.  If the mail host generated a random message 
and required the client to sign it, there would be no way for a client to 
know what information it would be required to sign and no way for other 
clients to use them.
Second of all, the signed piece of information isn't distributed.  Once 
identity is verified the information is discarded so the only way for a 
spammer to gather signed information would be to be a mail host.  Aside 
from the fact that gathering signed information has no benefit.

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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com>
To: "'tedgavin@newsguy.com'" <tedgavin@newsguy.com>
Cc: "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics 
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 13:34:07 -0500

 The reasons that I do not release my numbers is that, if I tell all of you
how good or how bad my numbers are, I may become a target by a spammer that
either a) Wants to take me on as a personal conquest, or b) Accepts my
percentage of spam that I let through as "acceptable".

 I can tell you that most of my trouble comes from my corporate domain name
and ISP domain name are only differentiated by .com and .net. Most AOL size
spammers don't realize that they are spamming the wrong domain and that
their customer base is not here at .com. As a consequence, we have had to
install ISP size gateways on a corporate size mail system.

 I am VERY familiar with the spam problem. I am not sure what statistics
gathering is going to accomplish, other than justify the continued use of
spam as a marketing tool. Will it help us obtain our goal? I don't think so
because it contains no differentiating research and no control sets. 
 
 Now, I may be willing to send you example spams for some repository to be
used in a research setting but I am sure that you get enough of your own ;-)


Warmest Regards,
Damon






-----Original Message-----
From: Ted Gavin [mailto:tedgavin@newsguy.com]
Sent: Monday, March 24, 2003 12:32 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics 


On Mon, 24 Mar 2003 05:52:14 -0500, "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
wrote:

>Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
>> I assume that we understand that these numbers are going to be very 
>> inaccurate?  Because if they were accurate, then presumably we'd know 
>> how to identify spam and we wouldn't be having this conversation.

[snip]

>  I'm not saying the numbers will be perfect, or perfectly collected.
>I'm coming at it from a method used in physics: A small step forward
>is better than sitting still.
>
>  What amazes me is the number of people who would rather do nothing
>than use an imperfect system, and the number of people who fight
>against something they agree with, because they think it doesn't go
>far enough.
>
>  Can we please learn how to walk before we start running?

To that point, if a comprehensive survey is going to be done, my
impression is it should be as thorough as possible. ASRG's mission
necessarily places a lot on our collective plate. However, I have a
responsibility to SpamCon Foundation's donors to not spend their donated
funds on wasted or frivolous efforts. So, before we start throwing away
dollars (in actual costs, time, resources, or getting a university to do
the research project if it becomes large enough), we need to make sure
that the effort is worthwhile.

This group (ASRG) is part of our constituent population, as are each of
the participants here. That being said, this group needs to not only
learn how to walk, but at least have both legs working on the same
effort. To translate - if it's actual data we're looking for, then we
should at least agree, as a group, what data we want.

So, I recommend that the Chair determine the sense of the group and
state whether a survey of the sort we've been discussing here is germane
to this Research Group fulfilling its mission. If so, then perhaps we
all might have some discussion as to what data is necessary for the
survey to be actually useful to the group is fulfilling its mission.


               Ted Gavin * tedgavin@newsguy.com *
 Trustee & Officer, SpamCon Foundation  <http://www.spamcon.org>
              A California Non-Profit Organization
   Protecting email as a medium of communications and commerce
          Donations: <http://www.spamcon.org/donations>
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Mon Mar 24 14:10:26 2003
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sat, 22 Mar 2003 16:43:17 MST."
             <200303222343.h2MNhHG4009728@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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--==_Exmh_551423346P
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

On Sat, 22 Mar 2003 16:43:17 MST, Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>  said:

> What is the minimumm speed CPU that you will allow to send mail?  A
> 25 MHz 486 is at least 200 and perhaps 500 or 1000 times slower than
> a 3 GHz P4.  A 25 MHz 486 needs several minutes to generate 60
> GHz*seconds of hashcash.  You might fix the problem for mailing lists

Now, Linux BogoMips are called that because they're bogus for anything except
calibrating kernel spin loops, but anyhow, here's some numbers seen in the last
week or so on the linux-kernel list.  Note that ALL the boxes are "currently in
use"(*).

Somebody's linux-based firewall system:
model name      : 486
bogomips        : 12.44

My laptop:
model name      : Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 Mobile CPU 1.60GHz
bogomips        : 3145.72

A dual 2.6GHz P4 Xeon (hardly a "large" system by any means) (yes, 4CPU due
to Intel's Hyperthreading stuff - actual performance is likely 60% of this):
Total of 4 processors activated (20696.26 BogoMIPS).

The current high-end Linux code is being extended to support 64-CPU well, I
don't have any numbers handy for the high-end NUMA/Summit systems....

So I have to agree that "in the field" there's over a 1,000X factor in
relative performance...

/Valdis

(*) There's a report of a 4.77mz 8086 clocking in at 0.02 BogoMIPS, but
I don't classify this box as "current in use".

--==_Exmh_551423346P
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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com>
To: "'meor@mail.SoftHome.net'" <meor@mail.SoftHome.net>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [RANT][RE: [Asrg] Hashstamp-like proposal
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 13:18:39 -0600

 I think that a new protocol or additions to the SMTP protocol are going to
be required, I am not sure how it could be otherwise. There are too many
different mail systems out there, running on too many different operating
systems, hardware, and MTA's.
 To just patch sendmail is a good thing, but how many systems are not
running sendmail?

 For all the nay-sayers, I am sorry, if you can give me any example of how
this can be accomplished otherwise, I would love to hear it. 
 I am all for changing and/or adding protocols. The question is, how much
infrastructure will need to change (cost) or how simple will it be to
incorporate into my current code (effort)?

 My goals are these-

 1) Make everything legitimate. When I read all these posts, that is the
very first question I ask- Will this make the email  I send or receive
legit? Then I ask- [Benefit - (Cost + Effort)]= Is it worth it?
 2) Start tackling sources and a spam economics. (This I cannot affect until
after I know for a fact where they are)
 3) Reap benefits of reduced operating costs due to reduced load and take
numerous vacations in places like Vegas and Tahiti.

Regards, 
Damon Sauer 

-----Original Message-----
From: meor@mail.SoftHome.net [mailto:meor@mail.SoftHome.net]
Sent: Monday, March 24, 2003 1:11 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Hashstamp-like proposal



>DRAWBACKS OF THIS METHOD
>
>1. Requires a new client, server, and protocol in order to be implemented.
>
>Is that all? :-)
I see what you're getting at.  Unfortunately as far as I know there hasn't 
been a good solution presented that doesn't either break SMTP or require a 
consensus among all clients and servers; which in effect is a new protocol.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 24 Mar 2003 13:34:07 EST."
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 09:47:04 -0500

"Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com> wrote:
>  The reasons that I do not release my numbers is that, if I tell all of you
> how good or how bad my numbers are, I may become a target by a spammer that
> either a) Wants to take me on as a personal conquest, or b) Accepts my
> percentage of spam that I let through as "acceptable".

  I wasn't proposing to make the names public.  A trusted source can
reasonably be expected to gather the statistics and analyse them,
without compromising privacy.

>  I am VERY familiar with the spam problem. I am not sure what statistics
> gathering is going to accomplish, other than justify the continued use of
> spam as a marketing tool.

  <sigh> That's why the statistics I was asking for were at the MTA
end, and were focussed on the scope of the current problem, and the
cost and effectiveness of their current solutions.

  There was NOTHING in what I wrote which could be construed as to
measure the effectiveness of spam as a marketing tool.

> Will it help us obtain our goal? I don't think so because it
> contains no differentiating research and no control sets.

  My goal in collecting statistics would be to get a quantitative
indication of WHERE in the network spam is a problem, and HOW MUCH of
a problem it currently is.  Without those statistics, we will have NO
BASIS for measuring the effectiveness of any solution.  Therefore, we
will also have no basis for comparing the solutions, or for knowing
when we've "solved" the problem.

  As for "control sets", they're irrelevant to the question of "how
bad is the problem".  We wouldn't ask 10 ISP's for their input on
spam, and then not ask another 10 as a "control set".  That
methodology is nonsensical.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 24 Mar 2003 09:07:27 PST."
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 09:57:45 -0500

"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:
> We have two pieces of information that I think most significant:
> 
> 1 Spam is growing at an exponential rate (10% a month by the most
> conservative estimates).

  I would like additional data justifying that opinion.  While it's
true anecdotally for most people, I think we need a larger sample to
state it decisively.  (This is also known as "Dave Crocker wasn't
entirely wrong...")

  I would like ASRG to be able to say "we looked at the problem, and
some thousands of MTA administrators reported X amount of
spam. Stastical validy is <foo>.  Data analysis follows.  Therefore,
to address these problems, we have potential solutions A, B, and C.
The cost of these solutions is predicted to be D, E, and F.  The
effectiveness of these solutions is predicted to be G, H, and I."

> 2 The spam senders are using countermeasures to bypass filtering.

  Those are difficult to measure.  We *know* some spam is caught, so
that's an easy number to measure

> The types of information I think IS interesting is information that
> gives a handle on the character of the problem. In particular
> 
>   - Proportion that comes from list kiddies (small fry who bought 
> 	a list) vs garbage creators (major spamhaus)

  I'm not sure how I would tell the two apart, which is why I didn't
ask for those statistics.

>   - Rates of growth of spam from different sources.
> 
>   - Whether certain countermeasures have been applied in more than
> 	5% of cases.
> 
>   - Proportion of spam sent through open relays - to 10% or so.

  That involves asking ISP's to determine which IP's are open relays,
which is difficult.

  The questions to blacklist maintainers would be more likely to get
this kind of information.  e.g.:

  - # of IP's determined (somehow) to be open relays
  - # of MTA's using the blacklist
  - # of queries to the blacklist
  - % of queries which return "in the blacklist"

> If no spam sender ever uses forged headers we could cut out a lot
> of spam simply by whitelisting for the major ISPs known to implement
> rate limiting. I doubt that such will remain the case for very long.

  If spammers rate limited their sending to no more than some small
percentage of an ISP's non-spam email traffic, then I would think that
most people would say the spam problem is largely solved.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: meor@mail.SoftHome.net
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Hashstamp-like proposal
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 12:11:52 -0800

On Mon, Mar 24, 2003 at 03:31:25AM -0600, meor@mail.SoftHome.net wrote:
> For those of you who have tossed around the idea of a hash-stamp or other 
> type of stamping protocol, I implore you to check out this proposal.  I 
> believe it to be very close to a workable solution, if not one, for 
> limiting any type of undesired network communication, but specifically 
> eliminating SPAM E-Mail.  I know I've thrown this idea out once before but 
> I only received a few responses from people who completely read the 
> proposal and understood it's workings.  A web page has been put up 
> explaining the idea at http://meor.xwarzone.com/overview.htm  For those of 
> you that have read it before, a few paragraphs have been added to the 
> beginning of the proposal to more properly introduce the concept and make 
> it easier to follow.

Doesn't seem to be anything new in this system or anything that solves the
major problems of such systems.

In fact, it seems to miss out on the goal of being able to pre-stamp a
message before you send it to a stranger, rather than needing a 
challenge/response protocol on top of the test, which has a number of pitfalls.

On top of this, this system seems to be expecting some sort of PKI to be
in place for authentication.   Or if there is no PKI, I presume it's of the
"First person to declare a key for address X sets the key" form.  While such
schemes have their merits, they are not without some significant flaws, including
the famous nasty denial of service attack (and now you have people motivated
agains the system, unlike mail encryptors, so DoS is a serious worry) and
the problem of people who lose their keys.


In general, while I was the first person in the community I know of to advocate
stamp systems, I now disavow them.  A variety of the reasons are outlined
at www.templetons.com/brad/spume/estamps.html at the bottom.

I do agree that cpu-stamps are superior to money based stamps for a number
of reasons, but this system doesn't seem to do enough to take advantage
of those superiorities.

If you want to do a CPU stamp system and have any chance of its adoption,
what you need is the following:

    When the system decides to reject mail from an unknown due to lack of
    stamp, the "postage-due" notice should contain a URL to a java applet,
    the URL containing full parameters to identify the message.

    The message should be held in a spool.

    The applet should calculate the response to the hard-problem.  Since
    the JVM is probably slow at this, a problem thought of as a 4 second
    problem might well be a 40 second problem, however...

    The applet should do its calculation in the background, in a window
    that is iconized.  It should pause frequently so that it does not
    saturate the CPU of the user.  Thus it might take even minutes to solve
    the problem.

    However, when the applet is done, it returns the calculated value to
    the server from which it was downloaded, and then silently terminates.
    The user does not have to be aware of this.

    The server receives the calculation result and forwards it to the mail
    system that issued the postage-due.  The mail system checks the
    result, and if it is OK, fetches the held mail from the spool and
    delivers it.   If not, it can be deleted or moved to another queue etc.


This is the standard of ease of use that a stamp system has to live up to.
Simply click on a link and forget about it, and your mail will be delivered.

However, even this has flaws:
    a) It requires a JVM (or other fast portable executable platform.  CLR could
       also be a choice.)
    b) It can't be done offline

And it has many of the other flaws of e-stamp systems.   Mailing lists remain
a perpetual problem.  For one, it would be a violation of the standard to
send any challenge to mailing list mail, ie. that which is tagged with a
Precendence: bulk header.

I believe the best solution must permit a global whitelisting of legitimate
mailing list operators, though it can be done through a number of means.
In a way, Habeus is a very basic form of that.
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: meor@mail.SoftHome.net
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Hashstamp-like proposal
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 12:24:39 -0800

On Mon, Mar 24, 2003 at 12:10:35PM -0600, meor@mail.SoftHome.net wrote:
> 
> >DRAWBACKS OF THIS METHOD
> >
> >1. Requires a new client, server, and protocol in order to be implemented.
> >
> >Is that all? :-)
> I see what you're getting at.  Unfortunately as far as I know there hasn't 
> been a good solution presented that doesn't either break SMTP or require a 
> consensus among all clients and servers; which in effect is a new protocol.

Do you mean a good solution involving e-stamps, or in general?  e-stamp
solutions are normally predicated on having new software at both ends,
which is a nearly insumrmountable problem.  It would take a very compelling
case and design to want to do this, and the switch would need to be gradual.

However, there are non-stamp solutions, or solutions which incorporate stamps
as simply one possible way to verify accountability for abuse in an E-mail
which can make use of them.

You need to minimize the number of parties who have to change software.
Recipients of mail are, however, highly motivated to install software to
rid themselves of spam, and sysadmins of MTAs that receive mail are similarly
motivated.

However, anything that requires new software for ordinary senders of mail
seems a non-starter.

Something that requires new software for senders of bulk mail is within the
realm of workability, and since bulk mail is where all the issues like, this
makes sense as the place of minimum damage.   Depending on what volume levels
you define as bulk, the number of people hosting large mailing lists is
manageable, and they as well are incented to get new software it it is
necessary to get their list through.

However, even so, we must consider there are very large numbers of small time
senders of small bulk mail, namely ordinary individuals who send out things
like party invitations, birth announcements and the like to all of their
friends and associates.   They should not be required to get new software.
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Subject: [Asrg] Not again - another challenge/response patent
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 13:00:17 -0800


This is ridiculous. Yet another bloody challenge-response patent. :(

  http://about.mailblocks.com/press_0324_2003.html

  ...  The Mailblocks service, available today, uses its patented technology
  to eliminate spam ...

It's a simple challenge-response system.  Nothing exciting or innovative
involved, as far as I can see.  I can't find any patents in the uspto
database though.  FYI,

--j.
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 13:02:36 -0800
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Alan,

I would appreciate your clarifying your comments.  My confusion is
between survying attitudes vs. surveying behaviors.

Survey research is excellent for assessing people's attitudes.  In this
context, "bias" is about preferences. (Even with this we have remarkable
sensitivity to survey question formulation, making valid and meaningful
survey construction something of a black art.)

Survey research is very nearly useless for assessing people's actual
behaviors., past, present or future. This is because people do not track
and record the behaviors objectively, so their "self-report" is one of
their subjective sense of things.

For very simple assessments of very simple behaviors (did you wake up
yesterday, or which of two candidates will you vote for today) survey
technology can do pretty well.  Not for anything more complicated.

d/

Monday, March 24, 2003, 2:52:14 AM, you wrote:
AD> Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
AD>   However, by measuring data from from biased systems, we can get a
AD> good indication of what those biases may be, how extensive they are,
AD> and even discover the shape of the non-biased systems.

AD>   Pollsters use these methods all the time.  They call people, collect
AD> precise, accurate data about personal biases.  The people may lie, but
AD> with enough data, that bias may be accounted for.

Ad/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 24 Mar 2003 13:02:36 PST."
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 11:45:33 -0500

Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net> wrote:
> I would appreciate your clarifying your comments.  My confusion is
> between survying attitudes vs. surveying behaviors.

  I would say that spam is about personal attitudes and network
behaviours.  Personal attitudes are difficult to measure.  Network
behaviour is not.

> Survey research is excellent for assessing people's attitudes.  In this
> context, "bias" is about preferences. (Even with this we have remarkable
> sensitivity to survey question formulation, making valid and meaningful
> survey construction something of a black art.)
> 
> Survey research is very nearly useless for assessing people's actual
> behaviors., past, present or future. This is because people do not track
> and record the behaviors objectively, so their "self-report" is one of
> their subjective sense of things.

  I agree, so far as your comments apply to individuals.  Individuals
do not objectively record their personal behaviours.  e.g. How many
times did you take a shower last year?  That information is not
generally recorded, and is subject to personal recollection.

 Individuals do, however record some kinds of information about their
public interactions with others (networking).  e.g. What was your
credit card bill for last January?  If you don't know, odds are you
can call the credit card company, and they'll tell you.  e.g. How much
money did you spend last year on your credit card buying flowers for
your wife?  That data is readily available.


  For spam, I was trying to acheive self reporting of behaviours which
are currently recorded, or which were easy to record.  Measuring how
much email an currently MTA gets is trivial.  The data exists, and
it's easy to summarize.  It involves no personal recollection, or
personal bias.

  Deciding *which* emails are spam involves personal bias.  But once
you've decided upon a flavour you like, it's again easy to measure how
you are implementing that bias.  Sufficiently large populations will
result in a bias which can be modelled, and thus accounted for.

> For very simple assessments of very simple behaviors (did you wake up
> yesterday, or which of two candidates will you vote for today) survey
> technology can do pretty well.  Not for anything more complicated.

  Simple behaviours include:

- how many packets were forwarded by your network?
- how many packets were dropped?
- how many SMTP connections did you receive?

  These questions are easy to ask, and easy to answer.  Collecting
such data will allow us to make better statements about how bad the
spam problem really is.  It should also give us some insight as to why
certain behaviours are happening.

  e.g. 10,000 SYN's from spammers a second is a good explanation for
why the ISP has firewalling port 25, and is using a whitelist.


  The point of the gathering these statistics is to gain confidence in
our understanding of the scope of the problem, and of our
understanding of the current methods people use to deal with it.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: jm@jmason.org
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Not again - another challenge/response patent
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 14:08:23 -0800


Here is the patent reference.


  Method and system for filtering electronic messages

Abstract

The present invention provides a system and method for filtering 
unsolicited electronic commercial messages. A system and method 
according to the present invention for screening out unsolicited 
commercial messages comprises the steps of receiving a message from a 
sender, sending a challenge back to the sender, receiving a response to 
the challenge, and determining if the response is a proper response.

Inventors:  Cobb; Christopher Alan (500 Beale St. Apt.120, San 
Francisco, CA 94105) Appl. No.:   921950  Filed:  August 26, 1997


http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtml/search-adv.htm&r=4&f=G&l=50&d=PTXT&p=1&p=1&S1=6,199,102&OS=+6,199,102&RS=6,199,102

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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 15:10:10 -0700 (MST)

> From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>

> ...
> > How many CPU-seconds do you spend for each incoming mail mesage and
> > how man users do you have?
>
> We average about 1 second per email. We process over 10 million emails a 
> day for about 1.2 million users. IIRC our average processor is a 1.2Ghz 
> Pentium.
>
> Yes, this is an inordinately long period of time.

It certainly is!  Are you user you're not counting other costs in that
1 second?  For example, the 3 or more DNS lookups per incoming mail message
(not counting DNS blacklists) can be time consuming.  

On the other hand, from the outside looking in at a bunch of ISPs running
SpamAssassin+DCC, SpamAssassin filtering seems to run at ~1 sec/msg.

> > In other words, are you disagreeing with me?
>
> I'm never sure ;-) Hence I'm not drawing any conclusions, just trying to 
> give the facts as we see them.

I don't see any disagreement with my claim that the computer and network
costs of spam per user are trivial and trivial in the aggregate until
you have thousands of users.  Multiplying a trivial cost by 1,200,000
can yield something non-trivial.

I think the most interesting number you've offered is the 10
msgs/user/day average.  What is the average spam load?  For U.S.
retail ISPs it seems to be 70-85%.  Are your numbers similar to
what I can see of other European ISPs? 
(see http://www.dcc-servers.net/dcc/graphs/comp-rates )


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 22:53:26 +0000 (GMT)

On Mon, 24 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> > From: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
> 
> > We average about 1 second per email. We process over 10 million emails a 
> > day for about 1.2 million users. IIRC our average processor is a 1.2Ghz 
> > Pentium.
> >
> > Yes, this is an inordinately long period of time.
> 
> It certainly is!  Are you user you're not counting other costs in that
> 1 second?  For example, the 3 or more DNS lookups per incoming mail message
> (not counting DNS blacklists) can be time consuming.  

Right. We don't count those as they vary so wildly as to sometimes skew 
the stats, and also we do those lookups in the smtp server, whereas 
scanning takes place in the "backend" (this is qmail-ish). The DNS lookups 
probably push it up a bit, though we try and keep large local caches where 
possible.

> I think the most interesting number you've offered is the 10
> msgs/user/day average.  What is the average spam load?  For U.S.
> retail ISPs it seems to be 70-85%.  Are your numbers similar to
> what I can see of other European ISPs? 

We're an international company, so I can give you a fairly good worldwide 
view...

Spam to overall ratio for December was 1 in 2.13 emails for the US. That's
detected spam (we detect about 95% with low enough FP rates to make errors
insignificant).

For the UK December was 1 in 6.0 emails. Unfortunately this figure gets 
badly skewed because we generate about 1.2 million emails a day in 
server-to-server notices (I've whined about why this is a bad idea, so it 
may get changed eventually), and they end up in the UK pile.

For our Asian customers it was 1 in 6.9, though I'm not convinced by that 
figure - the asian customers may have turned off our heuristics as they're 
very aggressive against asian emails (or at least they have been in the 
past).

Overall that gave us a December figure of 1 in 4.2 emails detected as 
spam.

I can try and get more up to date figures tomorrow - these are just the 
spreadsheets I had to hand. And I have a feeling these spreadsheets count 
total emails as inbound and outbound, and since our customers don't spam 
that skews things a bit too (or does it? - perhaps you'd like both figures 
for completeness sake).

The only issue is generating these figures is time consuming for our stats 
guy, and he is in demand a lot from marketing, so I have to subpeona (sp?) 
his time ;-)

Matt.

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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 16:21:09 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>

> > We have two pieces of information that I think most significant:
> > 
> > 1 Spam is growing at an exponential rate (10% a month by the most
> > conservative estimates).
>
>   I would like additional data justifying that opinion.  While it's
> true anecdotally for most people, I think we need a larger sample to
> state it decisively. ...

10%/month is 2.6X per year.  Spam is increasing but 2.X/year is "most
conservative" only if you also believe "SPEWS blocked all of UUNET."

The number of checksums of spam in the DCC network is increasing faster
than that.  However, I think much of that is due to the appearance of
<!--HTML--> hacks and certain other things and the DCC clients that
still have not installed the countermeasures and so are seeing many
checksums for a few spews.
It's also important to pick durations.  In some weeks spam has increased
by more than 10%, but it has decreased in other weeks (e.g Thanksgiving
and Christmas/New Years)  (again, judging from the number of checksums
in the DCC network)


>   I would like ASRG to be able to say "we looked at the problem, and
> some thousands of MTA administrators reported X amount of
> spam. Stastical validy is <foo>.  Data analysis follows.  Therefore,
> to address these problems, we have potential solutions A, B, and C.
> The cost of these solutions is predicted to be D, E, and F.  The
> effectiveness of these solutions is predicted to be G, H, and I."
> ...

That's going to be hard because so many commentators assume the
inevitability of miraculous deployment.  Even those who agree that
replacing everything is unlikely sometimes slip into claiming that
dividing the deployment problem into stages makes it easy. 
(Counterproofs:  IPv6 and DNSSEC)  You can't really talk about the
quantitative effectiveness of solutions that are as likely to be deployed
and work in the real world as spammers getting religion and stopping
on their own.


] From: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>

] I would appreciate your clarifying your comments.  My confusion is
] between survying attitudes vs. surveying behaviors.
]
] Survey research is excellent for assessing people's attitudes ...

] Survey research is very nearly useless for assessing people's actual
] behaviors. ...

surveying for measurements of relatively abstract numbers like
"total spam" is even more problematic.

Finding representative samples is hard, because spam is so idiosyncratic.
The numbers at http://www.dcc-servers.net/dcc/graphs/comp-rates
show a 2X variation in spam load for some types of oganizations, or at
least some particular outfits.
Note that the names of those outfits are intentionally unstate.  Most
organizations seem to be unenthusiastic about publishing such numbers.


I like seeing numbers that are based on millions of mail messages,
but even they must be viewed as special cases of the global situation.
The more common numbers of the "my personal mailbox has seen X" are
rarely interesting.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "David Anderson" <dave@unixhome.net>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Not again - another challenge/response patent
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 Yes, it is ridicules.  Why not patent the english language as conversations
are like hand shakes?

 Fortunately, to beat a patent you just need to be different and publish it
in the open before it is re-patented.

 I am no patent lawyer, but once an effective solution gets out in the wild
with source, the jeanie will never be back in the bottle.

 Handshaking via mail I think has promise but with twists to what I have
seen so far.  Compute a question into a graphic and send it off.  The
graphic could ask simple questions like spell or type in the word "the" and
reply.  Reads would have to recognize such graphics and display them.
Fonts, colors and thread lines like what is in currency can be added as so
to foul up checksums for easy guessing and OCR technologies.

 Once confirmed, a serial number can be stored by the confirming mailer and
server to avoid future prompts, say a 4096 bit key.  Why such a large key?
Two parts, make it really hard to guess and to make bandwidth impossible for
the spammer.

 Several advantages exist here, one persons spam may be another persons joy.
By using a hash with the key and email address of the recipient both can be
satisfied.

 To subscribe to mail lists like these, sendmail relays need a web interface
for people to go to add in the senders mail address and if the MX matches
the sender, it is allowed through.  If not, just hold open the session....

 One thing all relays fighting spam need to do is make it rude for the
offending parties.  I have found firewall blocks, black holing their packets
drive them crazy enough to (eventually) remove your people from the list.

 And the solution needs to be in C/C++.  Today's computers are relatively
cheap but tossing a million messages a day has to take a few less bytes than
50M to process.

 It needs to be open source so it doesn't bog down in vendor greed.

 Now is anyone working on a open source project like this and need some help
in design and coding?

Dave
----- Original Message -----
From: <jm@jmason.org>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, March 24, 2003 3:00 PM
Subject: [Asrg] Not again - another challenge/response patent


>
> This is ridiculous. Yet another bloody challenge-response patent. :(
>
>   http://about.mailblocks.com/press_0324_2003.html
>
>   ...  The Mailblocks service, available today, uses its patented
technology
>   to eliminate spam ...
>
> It's a simple challenge-response system.  Nothing exciting or innovative
> involved, as far as I can see.  I can't find any patents in the uspto
> database though.  FYI,
>
> --j.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>

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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 16:16:13 -0800

 From NYTimes.com http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/24/technology/24PHIL.html

Start-Up Aims to End Spam
March 24, 2003
By JOHN MARKOFF

>In addition to legislative proposals before Congress and
>state legislatures, there are efforts under way within the
>direct marketing industry to try to deal with spam. And
>last week, the Internet Engineering Taskforce, a committee
>of technology experts that sets Internet standards, met in
>San Francisco to listen to proposals for technical
>solutions to spam.

I've been monitoring and contributing to the mail list associated with this 
IETF function now for about two weeks.  Most of the people are looking for 
a magic bullet to cure spam but I think it will not be that simple.  If it 
were it would have already been done.  It seems all the seemingly good long 
term spam elimination approaches either require notable changes to the 
Internet's email or other infrastructure, make it difficult for some 
classes of current email users, or the require the establishment of new 
services (e.g., financial infrastructure to support real value e-stamps).


>The Mailblocks antispam service is based on a so-called
>challenge-response mechanism to block bulk mail sent
>automatically to e-mail accounts. When a customer receives
>a new message from an unknown correspondent, the system
>will intercept the message and automatically return to the
>sender a digital image of a seven-digit number and a form
>to fill out. Once a human being views that number and types
>it into the form - demonstrating that he or she is a person
>and not an automated mass-mailing machine - the system will
>forward the e-mail to the intended recipient.

E-gold uses this approach. They call it a Turing number (after the British 
mathematician, Alan Turing) 
https://www.e-gold.com/acct/login.html  Challenge responses may eliminate 
spam from bogus addresses but it almost sure to set of an image recognition 
arms race between other spammers and Turing number technologists as the try 
to fashion ever more cleaver images that supposedly can be easily read by 
humans but not machines.  There are already programs to "read" earlier (and 
maybe current versions of E-gold's Turing number images.  I would be 
surprised if these measures proved effective


steve

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From: "Curtis, Jonathan" <jonathan.curtis@bell.ca>
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Subject: [Asrg] Profile of a spammer
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Thought I'd take a second and make sure we're all targeting the same enemy.
The more we know about the enemy, the more we can protect ourselves.

Definition of a Smart Spammer

1. Uses legitimate products to generate revenue and hide behind big
corporations (McAfee or Symantec products)

2. Makes use of open relays, that way his real source IP is hidden which
randomizes their source IP 

3. Uses a common name in the "helo" banner to our SMTP server, such as
[mx1.mail.yahoo.com] Also known as spoofing.

4. Randomizes their return email address 

5. Uses a web link to entice the target user to their scheme 

6. Sends few recipients in each message ( between 6 and 20 ) 

7. Is aware of system limitations. 

8. Works with other spammers to attack

9. Harvests their own e-mail addresses, confirms valid addresses


Then there is the thief spammer

1. Creates a webpage that looks like your billing portal - including your
logos and links back to your other legitimate sites.

2. Spams to your users with an email that looks just like your "Update
Billing Info" notification

3. User receives message, goes to site and give credit card and banking
info. 

4. Thief drains their accounts.

If you have other finger prints or classifications of what the enemy is, I'd
be very interested.

Thanks,

Jonathan

Jonathan Curtis
Bell Canada

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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 19:43:38 -0500



Here is the list of work items that have been identified. If there are other
items that should be added to the list, please propose them. All
conversation on this mailing list must be regarding one of these items. The
subject of each email should begin with the number of the appropriate work
item. For example, "2.a - Spam Measurement Survey Requirements" or "6 -
Proposal for hash-based traceback system". The list volume makes it
difficult to follow individual conversations and to filter the noise. This
will help eliminate both problems. If anyone has a problem following this
convention, please let me know. This is a research group. If you have
constructive feedback, please share it. If you just feel like saying that
"spam can not be stopped" or "this group will fail because I said so", then
you should state those things elsewhere. This mailing list is for the
discussion of ideas that make progress towards the goals of these group as
stated in the charter. I have the option of changing this research group
into a closed research group. If we decide that the noise continues to
affect persons making contributions, then we will exercise that option. 



-----Part 1. Understanding the Problem:

1. Inventory of problems. started by Liudvikas Bukys. I will distribute the
latest version. Liudvikas, would you like to resume ownership of this
document?

2. Characterization of the problems

2.a. Spam Measurements. This works needs to be focused on immediately. This
data will help us understand the current weaknesses in the system and where
efforts should be focused. Requirements need to be set and then we have to
gather the data. I see two separate paths here: One is based on user survey
input. Ted Gavin has volunteered to conduct this. The other data is based on
real spam measurements. Once the requirements are gathered, Brightmail,
CipherTrust, CloudMark and MessageLabs have each volunteered to contribute
information. Any other volunteers?

2.b. Public Trace Data - www.spamarchive.org

2.c. 	Spam Categorization

2.c.1.where it comes from - there was a thread started by someone on this.
Anyone remember the title? This feeds into 7.b. threat model. 2.c.2.
different types - Brightmail has a high-level classification. SurfControl
might also have something here. Ken S. and Susan G., do either of you have
some more granular classifications that you would like to share? Volunteer
to lead this effort?
		
-----Part 2. Propose Solutions:

3. Requirements for solutions: Started by Keith Moore. I distributed Draft 1
based on feedback. Keith, would you like to take over moving this forward?
		
4. Survey of solution

4.a. Taxonomy. Draft three was distributed. There was only one comment. So I
assume we are getting close. 4.b. Survey. Summarize set of solutions and
place into taxonomy. 4.c Bibliography of spam research related work. Frank
de Lange has started this effort.

5. Identification of need for interoperable systems

5.a. Spam Test Message. led by Matt Sergeant

5.b. Opt-out. The idea here is that there should be a standard method of
opting-out so that it can be done by a program. There should also be a way
to systemically verify compliance. volunteer?

5.c. Filtered Message Status. The point here is that messages are dropped by
filters with either no status indication or inconsistent ones. The goal is
to agree on a set of acceptable responses. Perhaps this information is
already specified in SMTP standards and the community needs to be reminded
(best practices?) or perhaps new codes new to be suggested.	volunteer?

6. Proposals of new solutions: We have seen a number of proposals including
those from : Alejandro, Bala, Hadmut. This solutions and others need to be
mentioned in the taxonomy. Other proposals may still be submitted.

7. Best Practices documents

7.a. End-users

7.b. Mail administrators.

7.c. Mass Mailers

-----Part 3. Evaluate Solutions:

8. Evaluation of proposals

8.a. create evaluation model. usefulness and cost. We have a start here
mentioned in the charter. Vernon also made good suggestion based on
deployment needed for effectiveness. This should tie in with requirements.
Volunteer? 8.b. threat model and analysis. Volunteer? 8.c. do evaluations.
Not ready for this yet.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Mon Mar 24 20:19:10 2003
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To: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
cc: "'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: 5b. Opt-Out - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 15:22:29 -0800 (PST)

I'll take opt-out. I had notes on that and identified 3 automated out-out 
paths (sorted by type of distribution/access to such lists):

1. Distributed lists which use some type of encryption to allow validation 
of particular address but not see enter list. Please comment here on all 
types of encryption methods that are available.

2. Opt-out server. Here a special service/server (maybe more then one) is 
located somewhere. Anybody wishing to check of address is opt-out or not 
can connect to that server (with proper authentication if necessary) and 
check validity of particular email address.

3. Opt-out system as part of each mail server. Here new command is added 
to mail server which allows to check if email is opted out or not. 
Separate lists are run by every isp/every email server and are particular 
only to email addresses handled by mail server. Its assumed that before or 
during email connection command would be issues to verify opt-out 
preferences before delivering email. 

Any other distribution means I missed?

On Mon, 24 Mar 2003, Paul Judge wrote:

> 
> 
> Here is the list of work items that have been identified. If there are other
> items that should be added to the list, please propose them. All
> conversation on this mailing list must be regarding one of these items. The
> subject of each email should begin with the number of the appropriate work
> item. For example, "2.a - Spam Measurement Survey Requirements" or "6 -
> Proposal for hash-based traceback system". The list volume makes it
> difficult to follow individual conversations and to filter the noise. This
> will help eliminate both problems. If anyone has a problem following this
> convention, please let me know. This is a research group. If you have
> constructive feedback, please share it. If you just feel like saying that
> "spam can not be stopped" or "this group will fail because I said so", then
> you should state those things elsewhere. This mailing list is for the
> discussion of ideas that make progress towards the goals of these group as
> stated in the charter. I have the option of changing this research group
> into a closed research group. If we decide that the noise continues to
> affect persons making contributions, then we will exercise that option. 
> 
> 
> 
> -----Part 1. Understanding the Problem:
> 
> 1. Inventory of problems. started by Liudvikas Bukys. I will distribute the
> latest version. Liudvikas, would you like to resume ownership of this
> document?
> 
> 2. Characterization of the problems
> 
> 2.a. Spam Measurements. This works needs to be focused on immediately. This
> data will help us understand the current weaknesses in the system and where
> efforts should be focused. Requirements need to be set and then we have to
> gather the data. I see two separate paths here: One is based on user survey
> input. Ted Gavin has volunteered to conduct this. The other data is based on
> real spam measurements. Once the requirements are gathered, Brightmail,
> CipherTrust, CloudMark and MessageLabs have each volunteered to contribute
> information. Any other volunteers?
> 
> 2.b. Public Trace Data - www.spamarchive.org
> 
> 2.c. 	Spam Categorization
> 
> 2.c.1.where it comes from - there was a thread started by someone on this.
> Anyone remember the title? This feeds into 7.b. threat model. 2.c.2.
> different types - Brightmail has a high-level classification. SurfControl
> might also have something here. Ken S. and Susan G., do either of you have
> some more granular classifications that you would like to share? Volunteer
> to lead this effort?
> 		
> -----Part 2. Propose Solutions:
> 
> 3. Requirements for solutions: Started by Keith Moore. I distributed Draft 1
> based on feedback. Keith, would you like to take over moving this forward?
> 		
> 4. Survey of solution
> 
> 4.a. Taxonomy. Draft three was distributed. There was only one comment. So I
> assume we are getting close. 4.b. Survey. Summarize set of solutions and
> place into taxonomy. 4.c Bibliography of spam research related work. Frank
> de Lange has started this effort.
> 
> 5. Identification of need for interoperable systems
> 
> 5.a. Spam Test Message. led by Matt Sergeant
> 
> 5.b. Opt-out. The idea here is that there should be a standard method of
> opting-out so that it can be done by a program. There should also be a way
> to systemically verify compliance. volunteer?
> 
> 5.c. Filtered Message Status. The point here is that messages are dropped by
> filters with either no status indication or inconsistent ones. The goal is
> to agree on a set of acceptable responses. Perhaps this information is
> already specified in SMTP standards and the community needs to be reminded
> (best practices?) or perhaps new codes new to be suggested.	volunteer?
> 
> 6. Proposals of new solutions: We have seen a number of proposals including
> those from : Alejandro, Bala, Hadmut. This solutions and others need to be
> mentioned in the taxonomy. Other proposals may still be submitted.
> 
> 7. Best Practices documents
> 
> 7.a. End-users
> 
> 7.b. Mail administrators.
> 
> 7.c. Mass Mailers
> 
> -----Part 3. Evaluate Solutions:
> 
> 8. Evaluation of proposals
> 
> 8.a. create evaluation model. usefulness and cost. We have a start here
> mentioned in the charter. Vernon also made good suggestion based on
> deployment needed for effectiveness. This should tie in with requirements.
> Volunteer? 8.b. threat model and analysis. Volunteer? 8.c. do evaluations.
> Not ready for this yet.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
cc: "'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 15:25:30 -0800 (PST)

Also this must be added to the list as separate item -

Proposal for new topic to be added to list of ASRG work items (discussion 
topics list) and/or modifications to ASRG work items list. Might want to 
put this as "item 0".

On Mon, 24 Mar 2003, Paul Judge wrote:

> 
> 
> Here is the list of work items that have been identified. If there are other
> items that should be added to the list, please propose them. All
> conversation on this mailing list must be regarding one of these items. The
> subject of each email should begin with the number of the appropriate work
> item. For example, "2.a - Spam Measurement Survey Requirements" or "6 -
> Proposal for hash-based traceback system". The list volume makes it
> difficult to follow individual conversations and to filter the noise. This
> will help eliminate both problems. If anyone has a problem following this
> convention, please let me know. This is a research group. If you have
> constructive feedback, please share it. If you just feel like saying that
> "spam can not be stopped" or "this group will fail because I said so", then
> you should state those things elsewhere. This mailing list is for the
> discussion of ideas that make progress towards the goals of these group as
> stated in the charter. I have the option of changing this research group
> into a closed research group. If we decide that the noise continues to
> affect persons making contributions, then we will exercise that option. 
> 
> 
> 
> -----Part 1. Understanding the Problem:
> 
> 1. Inventory of problems. started by Liudvikas Bukys. I will distribute the
> latest version. Liudvikas, would you like to resume ownership of this
> document?
> 
> 2. Characterization of the problems
> 
> 2.a. Spam Measurements. This works needs to be focused on immediately. This
> data will help us understand the current weaknesses in the system and where
> efforts should be focused. Requirements need to be set and then we have to
> gather the data. I see two separate paths here: One is based on user survey
> input. Ted Gavin has volunteered to conduct this. The other data is based on
> real spam measurements. Once the requirements are gathered, Brightmail,
> CipherTrust, CloudMark and MessageLabs have each volunteered to contribute
> information. Any other volunteers?
> 
> 2.b. Public Trace Data - www.spamarchive.org
> 
> 2.c. 	Spam Categorization
> 
> 2.c.1.where it comes from - there was a thread started by someone on this.
> Anyone remember the title? This feeds into 7.b. threat model. 2.c.2.
> different types - Brightmail has a high-level classification. SurfControl
> might also have something here. Ken S. and Susan G., do either of you have
> some more granular classifications that you would like to share? Volunteer
> to lead this effort?
> 		
> -----Part 2. Propose Solutions:
> 
> 3. Requirements for solutions: Started by Keith Moore. I distributed Draft 1
> based on feedback. Keith, would you like to take over moving this forward?
> 		
> 4. Survey of solution
> 
> 4.a. Taxonomy. Draft three was distributed. There was only one comment. So I
> assume we are getting close. 4.b. Survey. Summarize set of solutions and
> place into taxonomy. 4.c Bibliography of spam research related work. Frank
> de Lange has started this effort.
> 
> 5. Identification of need for interoperable systems
> 
> 5.a. Spam Test Message. led by Matt Sergeant
> 
> 5.b. Opt-out. The idea here is that there should be a standard method of
> opting-out so that it can be done by a program. There should also be a way
> to systemically verify compliance. volunteer?
> 
> 5.c. Filtered Message Status. The point here is that messages are dropped by
> filters with either no status indication or inconsistent ones. The goal is
> to agree on a set of acceptable responses. Perhaps this information is
> already specified in SMTP standards and the community needs to be reminded
> (best practices?) or perhaps new codes new to be suggested.	volunteer?
> 
> 6. Proposals of new solutions: We have seen a number of proposals including
> those from : Alejandro, Bala, Hadmut. This solutions and others need to be
> mentioned in the taxonomy. Other proposals may still be submitted.
> 
> 7. Best Practices documents
> 
> 7.a. End-users
> 
> 7.b. Mail administrators.
> 
> 7.c. Mass Mailers
> 
> -----Part 3. Evaluate Solutions:
> 
> 8. Evaluation of proposals
> 
> 8.a. create evaluation model. usefulness and cost. We have a start here
> mentioned in the charter. Vernon also made good suggestion based on
> deployment needed for effectiveness. This should tie in with requirements.
> Volunteer? 8.b. threat model and analysis. Volunteer? 8.c. do evaluations.
> Not ready for this yet.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Mon Mar 24 20:38:17 2003
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>
Cc: politech@politechbot.com, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] FC: Will new "spam reduction" service result in... more spam?
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 17:32:56 -0800

On Mon, Mar 24, 2003 at 04:16:13PM -0800, Steve Schear wrote:
> E-gold uses this approach. They call it a Turing number (after the British 
> mathematician, Alan Turing) 
> https://www.e-gold.com/acct/login.html  Challenge responses may eliminate 
> spam from bogus addresses but it almost sure to set of an image recognition 
> arms race between other spammers and Turing number technologists as the try 
> to fashion ever more cleaver images that supposedly can be easily read by 
> humans but not machines.  There are already programs to "read" earlier (and 
> maybe current versions of E-gold's Turing number images.  I would be 
> surprised if these measures proved effective

Actually, it is an interesting question of what arms races spammers would
wish to engage in.

From a purely rational standpoint (bear with me on this!) the spammer
simply wants to send as many messages to the best prospects per unit of
time and bandwidth.

This means that if the spammer gets a challenge (or even something as simple
as a temporarily unavailable status) they can do one of two things:
    a) Try to respond to the challenge
    b) Simply move on to delivering the next message in the list.

As long as B is easier than A, the rational thing to do is to just do B.

This changes in two cases.  If most people start issuing challenges or
other such barriers, B is no longer productive, and so you now start the
arms race -- but only until you have enough people to send to again.

Secondly, if you have some idea as to the "quality" of an address, in terms
of probability of making a sale (direct marketers try to measure this all the
time) then you are motiviated to do extra work on the higher "quality"
targets.

Finally, spammers will not be rational, and may wish to get in an arms race
for the spite or challenge of it.   (There's a lot of spite in both directions
in this field.)

Nonetheless, I think people overestimate the arms race.  I have seen challenge
response systems that try to do natural language questions, or embed images
only the human eye can see in graphics.

I wrote a challenge/response system six years ago that simply asks for any
reply at all -- it doesn't put any burden on the other party, and would be
easy to defeat with something as simple as an autoresponder.   Yet it works,
the spammers have not attempted to use this simple defeat.  Once they start,
I will easily enough move to something else, but it is telling that in six
years they have not, even though others have also built a number of
challenge/response systems since then.    Sometimes spammers have autoresponders
for other reasons, but they have been easy for me to eliminate.


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> If there is an issue with the DSA licensing scheme, I believe this method 
> could use any digital signing method in order to get the desired effect.

Agreed. The RSA patent has expired, so I would guess it is a better
solution (all other aspects of this solution ignored).

> The difficulty alone in solving the computation task makes it impossible 
> for a single CPU or group of them to be effective at spamming.  If mail 
> host administrators generally picked a 10-20 second work load for a message 
> to be sent, that would mean 10-20 seconds between each message which would 
> be a huge detrement to spamming.

Yes, I understand the concept. However, I would imagine that even if
every single email person in the world adopted this approach, there
needs to be a way for users who know each other to distrubute keys to
each other. That would certainly be the case for a person signing up
to email for the very first time. The obvious way to distribute this
is to send an email with their PKI public key attached, and to do
this, they would need to resort to the challenge response protocol. So
the challenge response protocol could never be too constraining,
because people's first experience of email would be attrocious. Given
that, I think that spammers who thought they had a very valuable
product may still choose wear the CPU costs of going through the
challenge response protocol.

> Well, that is a good idea however I think this "problem" would be solved 
> with a good implementation.  If the mail host generated a random message 
> and required the client to sign it, there would be no way for a client to 
> know what information it would be required to sign and no way for other 
> clients to use them.

I'm a litte confused by what you are saying here. From my reading of
http://meor.xwarzone.com/overview.htm, it doesn't mention anything at
all about the mail host generating a random message for signing. Here
is the quote from the description:

"When a sender wishes to send a piece of E-Mail to a mail host, it
begins communications to the mail host by sending its public key and a
signed piece of information to the mail host for verification.  The
mail host first checks to see if the public key is on the authorized
white list of the end users mailbox.  If the public key is authorized
by the mailbox, the mail host then verifies the signed piece of
information with the public key to see if the information was
correctly signed.  If it had been correctly signed, the mail host
allows the sender to send its message to the mailbox."

Note that there are some omissions from this text. Primarily, what is
the piece of info that the sender is signing, and how does the sender
get it? I was assuming that because this is an unsoliciting email by
the sender, it has not (necessarily) had any prior communication with
the mail host, and therefore invents its own info to sign. It would
also need to send this info along with the signed version of it.

Are you saying that when the sender uses a public key/signed info
method of connecting that there is some prior communication with the
[recipient] mail host whereby the mail host provides the data to sign
? If that's the case, then that is a vital piece of information
missing from the protocol description.

> Second of all, the signed piece of information isn't distributed.  Once 
> identity is verified the information is discarded so the only way for a 
> spammer to gather signed information would be to be a mail host.  Aside 
> from the fact that gathering signed information has no benefit.

I think this goes back to the method for choosing data to sign. If it
is on a per-recipient basis, and decided by the recipient mail host,
then yes I agree with you. However, that is not stated in the protocol.

David Finnie
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 20:27:00 -0500



I usually would not take the time to respond to obviously flawed and
erroneous statements. However, for the sake of persons on this list that do
not know the details, I will spend just a few minutes stating the truth
here.  As stated by Vernon Schryver: "I must observe that some of the
strongest condemnations in the list of whatever happened at the meeting came
from people who have made the some of the less well founded contributions to
the mailing list.  From here I can't tell what happened, but I wonder if
sour grape sentiments from some people about their favorite solutions not
being adopted by acclamation colored other people's perceptions and so
reports of the meeting." Based on this and other responses, I fear that
without some clarity, others will continue to be confused by the few
radical, negative opinions that have been voiced. There were over 200
attendees and based on the positive feedback that I have heard, I do not
believe that the couple of negative opinions is an accurate reflection of
the thoughts of the attendees.

William, I am sorry that you are so upset that you were not able to present
at the meeting; however, that should not drive you to making clearly false
accusations about the meeting. 

I sent a call for agenda items to the list on March 10th. There were a few
volunteers. I spoke with each of them and by March 12th each was able to
explain to me what they wished to present. For some reason, you were not
able to provide a clear explanation of what you wished to present until 3
days before the meeting on Monday March 17th; in this same email, you stated
"I'v[e] not 100% decided if I'll be able to attend". At this point, the
agenda was being finalized. Then suddenly two days before the meeting you
request a slot on the agenda.

Please see my comments inline.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: william@elan.net [mailto:william@elan.net]
> Sent: Thursday, March 20, 2003 5:13 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it
> went badly!)

> Also it can be noted that AT&T presented technology
> on which 
> they have some patents and IETF has very clear guidelines 
> that this is 
> dscoraged to say the least and group chairs should when two solutions 
> exist (one patented, one not) always choose non-patented 
> solution, same 
> applies for presentations, this should have been screened and 
> patent-related presentation made available if nothing else 
> similar exist.

As stated in Vern Paxson's email: "the IRTF does not have an expressed IPR
policy, though it appears one needs to be developed.  I picture such a
policy requiring that, for any technology discussed within RGs that has
related IPR, that the presence of the possible IPR be disclosed; but not
beyond that.  The AT&T presentation would be in compliance with such a
policy."
> 
> Also have to be noted that most presentations on the live
> meeting were by 
> persons who did not try to participate at the mailing list 
> and are completely unknown to us 

Unknown to whom? There a number of people that you may not know that have a
unique understanding of spam. Who is it that you don't know? John Morris?
Jon Praed? Philip Hallam-Baker? Balachander Krishnamurthy? 

> and this is also against
> general policies for IETF and IRTF 
> as first what are supposed to be presented are work done as 
> part of mailing list efforts (i.e. general work area) usually 
> by people who are most active on the list and only afterwards 
> at the very end are there allowed presentations by other 
> organizations with similar interest or work area (and those 
> presentations should be carefully chose to minimize 
> commercial views). 

As you know, I sent a call for agenda items. Everyone that responded and had
something to talk about was accepted. Commercial views were very minimized
if not non-existent. There were a number of commercial entities in the room
that talked about the problem and not about a product. Again, these may be
people that you don't personally know, but they are very familiar with the
problem. For example, Scott Banister from IronPort, Dick Hardt from
ActiveState, Ken Schneider from BrightMail, Karl Jacob from CloudMark, and
me and others from CipherTrust. There was absolutely no mention of these
products or any proprietary technology from any of these companies. These
are people that are at the meeting to participate in a research group
focused on the problem of spam. BTW, you might want to think about the
amount of spam that is stopped daily by these companies. Not to promote any
of these particular technologies, but my point is that we are quite familiar
with the problem and the state-of-the-art and we gather here to move forward
with better answers to the problem.

 
> In short, like I said in previous email - the presentations were all
> opinions of particular organizations and all commercial (even 
> spamcon is 
> really what I call "commercial" non-profit foundation, as 
> apposed to say 
> CAUSE) and were not individual submission as is supposed to 
> be done at 
> IETF and IRTF. As a result engineers who were attending IETF probably 
> got negative view of our group and our efforts. 

These were presentations by individuals. The fact that many of the people
that have much to say about spam are affiliated with spam-focused
organizations is not a surprise.


> The only
> thing I can think 
> of why chair did something like that would have been to get 
> media exposure, I'm sure media not be research or engineering 
> centric would not see 
> serious downsides that I have noticed. Now I'n not against additional 
> media exposure, but I do not believe we're at the point where this is 
> really needed, what we need are people serious about working 
> on technical 
> solutions and media will provide information about our group 
> to general 
> user audience that would only bring more noise. 

I tapped resources to provide background discussion and different views of
the problem as input to our research group work. This included a view from
the frontline, a view from mass mailers, a view related to endusers and a
view of the relationship between spam legislation and spam technology. Each
of these individuals was highly qualified and very informative. There were
remarks about the scientific merit of some of the stats in the first talk.
However, beyond that the audience was captivated by the information that was
being dispersed. As I explained, this was the inaugural meeting of the
research group that was started just three weeks ago. I felt that we needed
to consume some background information before we dive into the technical
details of our work. This session of the meeting including all four of these
talks was scheduled for 45 minutes; that is less than 1/3 of the scheduled
meeting time. Yes, it went over this time due to lengthy Q&A, speakers
overrunning their slots, and the chair not being extremely stringent on time
requirements. If you want to point out any of those last three things, those
are valid points. However, scheduling 1/3 of an inaugural meeting to focus
on background and relevant views of the area is acceptable and necessary.

I received many more positive comments after the meeting than I did negative
comments from the few people on this list with other ideas about how the
meeting should have been run. There were opportunties to bash the agenda
when it was sent to the list as well as the official agenda bashing portion
of the meeting. No such comments were made at either point. So, I appreciate
the fact that some of you have 20/20 hindsight, but I would be more
impressed with useful contributions.

> 
> In the future meetings done in connection with IETF (are we
> meeting in 
> Vienna?) if we're going to have so many non-technical discussions, I 
> would strongly recommend separting into two sessions, one for this 
> general/media-centric and one for actual engineers to work on 
> technical 
> issues that we may have. 
> 
> I do hope chair takes my comments seriously!
> He really did a bad job today chosing what is to be presented
> (i'm sure he 
> had multiple options), 

As stated above, there were not as many options as you assumed. Everyone
that had a technical solution to discuss (that made this known more than 2
days before the meeting) was allowed to present.

> keeping discussions short (so that
> there was time 
> for additional presentations) 
> or in general being prepared 
> for this life 
> meeting (remember agenda is supposed to be reviewed by mail 
> list and be 
> announced well before the actual meeting, that is just one example).

RFC 2014 states that a draft agenda must be published to the list well in
advance of the meeting. Your comment about not being prepared is amusing.
This group was chartered the last week in February. Within three weeks, the
group was announced, mailing list started, work items identified, iterated
through drafts of certain work items, meeting during IETF was requested,
granted, and scheduled, agenda planned and confirmed, and meeting held. 

Personally, I am content with the progress thus far. Understand that the
research group is three weeks old. Obviously, we will not solve the problem
in the first three weeks. But, we have made some progress and will continue
to make good strides. Just as I tried to explain to you this week, RFC 2014
also states that "A Research Group will conduct much of its business via its
electronic mail distribution list(s)." The way that we will continue to make
progress is from individual contributions. If you are sincerely interested
in helping to solve this problem, then please contribute work and ideas
rather than simply negative opinions. You sent a note to the group about
email address verification on March 12th stating that more detail will be
provided in the next couple of days. More detail was never sent. I look
forward to seeing some actual contributions from you.

Regards,
Paul
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Jon,
JK> If Certs were required to send mail AND were only issued under strict terms
JK> and conditions AND revocation for T&C violation was properly managed.

And if everybody were a nice person, we would not have this problem.

When offering an "If" please discuss the feasibility of implementing the
proposal.



d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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To: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 16:03:12 -0800 (PST)

Also I'd like to add additional topic - IPR. I know IRTF currently does 
not have IPR policy, but I'd like one established just for this research 
group. I think we can do the following:

1. Whenever somebody mentions technology where they know some patent exist
or may possibly apply to the technology, the person should make statement 
about IPR rights. If this patent has not been mentioned before on list, 
there should be information either together with IPR statement or at the 
end of message with either:
 a. If patent is received: US (or other country), Patent#, possibly link 
    to the patent website
 b. If patent is pending - Name of person or organization that filed it 
    and date it was filed, possibly application#

2. I would like to see somebody on the list volunteer to maintain list 
of all patents mentioned (see abobve) and this list provided either 
regularly to email list or located and updated on rg website.

On Mon, 24 Mar 2003, Paul Judge wrote:

> 
> 
> Here is the list of work items that have been identified. If there are other
> items that should be added to the list, please propose them. All
> conversation on this mailing list must be regarding one of these items. The
> subject of each email should begin with the number of the appropriate work
> item. For example, "2.a - Spam Measurement Survey Requirements" or "6 -
> Proposal for hash-based traceback system". The list volume makes it
> difficult to follow individual conversations and to filter the noise. This
> will help eliminate both problems. If anyone has a problem following this
> convention, please let me know. This is a research group. If you have
> constructive feedback, please share it. If you just feel like saying that
> "spam can not be stopped" or "this group will fail because I said so", then
> you should state those things elsewhere. This mailing list is for the
> discussion of ideas that make progress towards the goals of these group as
> stated in the charter. I have the option of changing this research group
> into a closed research group. If we decide that the noise continues to
> affect persons making contributions, then we will exercise that option. 
> 
> 
> 
> -----Part 1. Understanding the Problem:
> 
> 1. Inventory of problems. started by Liudvikas Bukys. I will distribute the
> latest version. Liudvikas, would you like to resume ownership of this
> document?
> 
> 2. Characterization of the problems
> 
> 2.a. Spam Measurements. This works needs to be focused on immediately. This
> data will help us understand the current weaknesses in the system and where
> efforts should be focused. Requirements need to be set and then we have to
> gather the data. I see two separate paths here: One is based on user survey
> input. Ted Gavin has volunteered to conduct this. The other data is based on
> real spam measurements. Once the requirements are gathered, Brightmail,
> CipherTrust, CloudMark and MessageLabs have each volunteered to contribute
> information. Any other volunteers?
> 
> 2.b. Public Trace Data - www.spamarchive.org
> 
> 2.c. 	Spam Categorization
> 
> 2.c.1.where it comes from - there was a thread started by someone on this.
> Anyone remember the title? This feeds into 7.b. threat model. 2.c.2.
> different types - Brightmail has a high-level classification. SurfControl
> might also have something here. Ken S. and Susan G., do either of you have
> some more granular classifications that you would like to share? Volunteer
> to lead this effort?
> 		
> -----Part 2. Propose Solutions:
> 
> 3. Requirements for solutions: Started by Keith Moore. I distributed Draft 1
> based on feedback. Keith, would you like to take over moving this forward?
> 		
> 4. Survey of solution
> 
> 4.a. Taxonomy. Draft three was distributed. There was only one comment. So I
> assume we are getting close. 4.b. Survey. Summarize set of solutions and
> place into taxonomy. 4.c Bibliography of spam research related work. Frank
> de Lange has started this effort.
> 
> 5. Identification of need for interoperable systems
> 
> 5.a. Spam Test Message. led by Matt Sergeant
> 
> 5.b. Opt-out. The idea here is that there should be a standard method of
> opting-out so that it can be done by a program. There should also be a way
> to systemically verify compliance. volunteer?
> 
> 5.c. Filtered Message Status. The point here is that messages are dropped by
> filters with either no status indication or inconsistent ones. The goal is
> to agree on a set of acceptable responses. Perhaps this information is
> already specified in SMTP standards and the community needs to be reminded
> (best practices?) or perhaps new codes new to be suggested.	volunteer?
> 
> 6. Proposals of new solutions: We have seen a number of proposals including
> those from : Alejandro, Bala, Hadmut. This solutions and others need to be
> mentioned in the taxonomy. Other proposals may still be submitted.
> 
> 7. Best Practices documents
> 
> 7.a. End-users
> 
> 7.b. Mail administrators.
> 
> 7.c. Mass Mailers
> 
> -----Part 3. Evaluate Solutions:
> 
> 8. Evaluation of proposals
> 
> 8.a. create evaluation model. usefulness and cost. We have a start here
> mentioned in the charter. Vernon also made good suggestion based on
> deployment needed for effectiveness. This should tie in with requirements.
> Volunteer? 8.b. threat model and analysis. Volunteer? 8.c. do evaluations.
> Not ready for this yet.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: Not again - another challenge/response patent (Prior art)
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 21:05:25 -0500 (EST)

> From: jm@jmason.org
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 13:00:17 -0800
> Subject: [Asrg] Not again - another challenge/response patent

> This is ridiculous. Yet another bloody challenge-response patent. :(
>   http://about.mailblocks.com/press_0324_2003.html

> From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>

> Here is the patent reference.
> Francisco, CA 94105) Appl. No.:   921950  Filed:  August 26, 1997

I have prior art.  I proposed this exact system, to a tee, in 1996:

http://groups.google.ca/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=56luge%246on%40bertrand.ccs.carleton.ca

Although Google lists the date as 17 November 1996, according to my
archive, I posted the article on Sat Nov 16 21:48:50 1996 EST.

--
David.
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 17:13:44 -0800 (PST)

Regarding of failure of delivery due to spam, this is currently what 
systems do:

I. Abort during tranmission by giving usually 5xx error message. Often 
providing comments as part of 5xx error code on that email is not 
accepted because its suspected to be spam.
Topic to work on: 
 a. Check to see what 5xx messages various systems give.
 b. Identify if we need additional 5xx message just for message not 
    accepted dur to content problems (spam)
 c. Identify if we need extended error codes for anti-spam filters and if 
    so only one or multiple ones
 d. Identify if we need to standartize on comments as well (i.e. not 
    accepted because listed in xxxx blacklist with comments used to 
    indicate what blacklist in universally accepted format, etc).

II. Return email after it has been scannded by the filter and found to be 
unacceptable to system/user.

1. These is what included in return email as far as its original:
 a. Only says that particular email (usually identfied by subject) is not 
    accepted but does not include actual email with it
 b. Return email and headers but not content of the email.
 c. Return entire email including content

2. What is included in addition to returned email:
 a. Return email without any information on why this was done
 b. Provide information that email was stopped because its spam with 
    various levels or reporting up to indicating what exactly is wrong
    or what filter was used
 c. Return not the email but request for authentication (such website 
    address where only human would be able to authenicate) so that 
    sender's email address is added to some kind of whitelist

3. There several addesses used for returning email:
 a. MAIL-FROM - most use this and this is appropriate
 b. "From:" - used by some filters that do not see MAIL-FROM or for some 
    reason choose to ignore it
 c. "Reply-To:". Same as above, but this is rare
 d. Send email (even returned ones) to domain.com@abuse.net. Not recommended
    for automated system to do this, but some users configure that anyway.
    But this is done in part because of in many spam emails "MAIL-FROM" is 
    invalid and automated system does need some valid email address to 
    return to.

4. Topics to work on:
 a. What possible formats are used for returning email
 b. Should we standartize format
 c. If standardize what options as far as what information is included
 d. Need to discuss regarding return email address in particular due to 
    spammers using invalid mail form and arrive at standards on what 
    email address is to be used for unaccepted spam emails
 e. For requests for authentication, should we standartize that? Is that 
    possible? How?

Please comment on anything above.

On Mon, 24 Mar 2003, Paul Judge wrote:

> 
> 
> Here is the list of work items that have been identified. If there are other
> items that should be added to the list, please propose them. All
> conversation on this mailing list must be regarding one of these items. The
> subject of each email should begin with the number of the appropriate work
> item. For example, "2.a - Spam Measurement Survey Requirements" or "6 -
> Proposal for hash-based traceback system". The list volume makes it
> difficult to follow individual conversations and to filter the noise. This
> will help eliminate both problems. If anyone has a problem following this
> convention, please let me know. This is a research group. If you have
> constructive feedback, please share it. If you just feel like saying that
> "spam can not be stopped" or "this group will fail because I said so", then
> you should state those things elsewhere. This mailing list is for the
> discussion of ideas that make progress towards the goals of these group as
> stated in the charter. I have the option of changing this research group
> into a closed research group. If we decide that the noise continues to
> affect persons making contributions, then we will exercise that option. 
> 
> 
> 
> -----Part 1. Understanding the Problem:
> 
> 1. Inventory of problems. started by Liudvikas Bukys. I will distribute the
> latest version. Liudvikas, would you like to resume ownership of this
> document?
> 
> 2. Characterization of the problems
> 
> 2.a. Spam Measurements. This works needs to be focused on immediately. This
> data will help us understand the current weaknesses in the system and where
> efforts should be focused. Requirements need to be set and then we have to
> gather the data. I see two separate paths here: One is based on user survey
> input. Ted Gavin has volunteered to conduct this. The other data is based on
> real spam measurements. Once the requirements are gathered, Brightmail,
> CipherTrust, CloudMark and MessageLabs have each volunteered to contribute
> information. Any other volunteers?
> 
> 2.b. Public Trace Data - www.spamarchive.org
> 
> 2.c. 	Spam Categorization
> 
> 2.c.1.where it comes from - there was a thread started by someone on this.
> Anyone remember the title? This feeds into 7.b. threat model. 2.c.2.
> different types - Brightmail has a high-level classification. SurfControl
> might also have something here. Ken S. and Susan G., do either of you have
> some more granular classifications that you would like to share? Volunteer
> to lead this effort?
> 		
> -----Part 2. Propose Solutions:
> 
> 3. Requirements for solutions: Started by Keith Moore. I distributed Draft 1
> based on feedback. Keith, would you like to take over moving this forward?
> 		
> 4. Survey of solution
> 
> 4.a. Taxonomy. Draft three was distributed. There was only one comment. So I
> assume we are getting close. 4.b. Survey. Summarize set of solutions and
> place into taxonomy. 4.c Bibliography of spam research related work. Frank
> de Lange has started this effort.
> 
> 5. Identification of need for interoperable systems
> 
> 5.a. Spam Test Message. led by Matt Sergeant
> 
> 5.b. Opt-out. The idea here is that there should be a standard method of
> opting-out so that it can be done by a program. There should also be a way
> to systemically verify compliance. volunteer?
> 
> 5.c. Filtered Message Status. The point here is that messages are dropped by
> filters with either no status indication or inconsistent ones. The goal is
> to agree on a set of acceptable responses. Perhaps this information is
> already specified in SMTP standards and the community needs to be reminded
> (best practices?) or perhaps new codes new to be suggested.	volunteer?
> 
> 6. Proposals of new solutions: We have seen a number of proposals including
> those from : Alejandro, Bala, Hadmut. This solutions and others need to be
> mentioned in the taxonomy. Other proposals may still be submitted.
> 
> 7. Best Practices documents
> 
> 7.a. End-users
> 
> 7.b. Mail administrators.
> 
> 7.c. Mass Mailers
> 
> -----Part 3. Evaluate Solutions:
> 
> 8. Evaluation of proposals
> 
> 8.a. create evaluation model. usefulness and cost. We have a start here
> mentioned in the charter. Vernon also made good suggestion based on
> deployment needed for effectiveness. This should tie in with requirements.
> Volunteer? 8.b. threat model and analysis. Volunteer? 8.c. do evaluations.
> Not ready for this yet.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
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 <200303211221.h2LCLWrH013650@pindari.platypuspartners.com>
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To: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping)
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 17:47:42 -0500

At 11:42 PM -0600 3/23/03, Scott A Crosby wrote:
>  > That said, I don't see yet how it could get past the early-adopter
>>  phase.  Like the other systems, it offers no real benefits until a
>  > substantial number of people adopt it.


>One could build this as a 'side' mechanism into a auto-reply robot
>whitelisting mechanism similar to TMDA that IETF seperately
>standardizes. The robot-replies sucks for older clients, but work. We
>make the the stamp-missing control message machine-readible to make
>conforming clients check for other valid stamps (or expend the CPU to
>create a new stamp). They're also human-readible telling people to
>reply to the robot and complete the handshake.

Okay.  Now you're making a purchase decision.
1. A system that does challenge/response and whitelists responders.
2. A system that does challenge/response and whitelists responders, 
but also makes it harder for you to send email and requires client 
changes, but eventually will be more reliable.

And no, I don't think I'm a pessimist.  I just think that companies 
make decisions based on short-term economics.

But frankly I think that challenge/response is a non-starter.  It 
fails with all automated email systems.  Worse, it potentially 
removes me from mailing lists when it responds (I assume, since it's 
a delivery notification, it goes to the envelope from?).  So that 
means I have to manually check the queue before I allow it to send 
the challenge.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
References: <oydznnq808p.fsf_-_@bert.cs.rice.edu>
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From: Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>
Organization: Rice University
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping)
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Date: 24 Mar 2003 23:16:56 -0600

On Mon, 24 Mar 2003 17:47:42 -0500, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> writes:

> At 11:42 PM -0600 3/23/03, Scott A Crosby wrote:
> >  > That said, I don't see yet how it could get past the early-adopter
> >>  phase.  Like the other systems, it offers no real benefits until a
> >  > substantial number of people adopt it.
> 
> 
> >One could build this as a 'side' mechanism into a auto-reply robot
> >whitelisting mechanism similar to TMDA that IETF seperately
> >standardizes. The robot-replies sucks for older clients, but work. We
> >make the the stamp-missing control message machine-readible to make
> >conforming clients check for other valid stamps (or expend the CPU to
> >create a new stamp). They're also human-readible telling people to
> >reply to the robot and complete the handshake.
> 
> Okay.  Now you're making a purchase decision.
> 1. A system that does challenge/response and whitelists responders.


> 2. A system that does challenge/response and whitelists responders,
> but also makes it harder for you to send email and requires client
> changes, but eventually will be more reliable.

No, one where conforming clients will *hide* the challenge from the
user, do the partial hash collision, and automatically resend the
email. Only non-conforming clients would use the 'escape hatch' of the
manual challenge-response.

> And no, I don't think I'm a pessimist.  I just think that companies
> make decisions based on short-term economics.
> 
> 
> But frankly I think that challenge/response is a non-starter.  It
> fails with all automated email systems.  Worse, it potentially removes
> me from mailing lists when it responds (I assume, since it's a
> delivery notification, it goes to the envelope from?).  So that means
> I have to manually check the queue before I allow it to send the
> challenge.

Oh, I agree, but this sort of 'fun' is coming, and I'd rather get some
positive usefulness out of it, to use it as a wedge to get a better
solution into email clients.... and soon.

Look at:

    http://news.com.com/2010-1071-992911.html?tag=nl

Wanna take a bet as to whether AOL/MSN/Earthlink are contemplating the
same? 

Its the perfect hack. Its simple, it sorta works, it has great
short-term benefits for those who use it (and strong negatives for
those who don't; but those people don't matter). By Richard Gabriel's
''Worse is Better'', I almost expect it to spread like a weed, and
then we'll be stuck with it for decades.

Scott
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: william@elan.net
Cc: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>,
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Subject: Re: 5b. Opt-Out - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 22:50:46 -0800

On Mon, Mar 24, 2003 at 03:22:29PM -0800, william@elan.net wrote:
> I'll take opt-out. I had notes on that and identified 3 automated out-out 
> paths (sorted by type of distribution/access to such lists):
> 
> 1. Distributed lists which use some type of encryption to allow validation 
> of particular address but not see enter list. Please comment here on all 
> types of encryption methods that are available.
> 
> 2. Opt-out server. Here a special service/server (maybe more then one) is 
> located somewhere. Anybody wishing to check of address is opt-out or not 
> can connect to that server (with proper authentication if necessary) and 
> check validity of particular email address.
> 
> 3. Opt-out system as part of each mail server. Here new command is added 
> to mail server which allows to check if email is opted out or not. 
> Separate lists are run by every isp/every email server and are particular 
> only to email addresses handled by mail server. Its assumed that before or 
> during email connection command would be issues to verify opt-out 
> preferences before delivering email. 
> 
> Any other distribution means I missed?


Unfortunately, distributed lists of hashes of e-mails don't work for secrecy.
Spammers have lists of millions of email addresses.  They can just compare
the hashes against them and turn the list of hashes into a list of real
addresses.   At least for those on the lists.  Which is most of us.  If you
get spam, you're on these lists.   If you don't get spam, you don't have
much reason to get on the opt-out list.

In fact, anything that will "clean" a list of opted-out people is a way to,
using the 50 million email address spammer's database, get almost all the
list of people who opted out.

Now the question is, do you need secrecy of the names?  It certainly would
be nice, since you should ideally not have to declare your address in public
in order to get your privacy!   But there is no great solution here.

In fact, the only solution I have come up with requires us to all get new
E-mail addresses.   This would be a pattern, such as a reserved word lower
level domain part.   Thus william@ns.elan.net  (with "ns" in it) would be
an address declared to have opted out.

That's not very exciting but I am open to other solutions for an opt out list.

The other reason it's necessary is that email addresses are not unique.
Many people own whole domains and get all mail to *@domain.com.  All
sendmail users get all mail to username+*@domain.com.  All qmail users
get all mail to username-*@domain.com.  There are many other examples.

Also, user%domain.com@otherdomain.com is a valid e-mail for you if otherdomain
relays.  There are an infinite number of variations.

That leaves us with option 3, which can deal with that.  Problem is (legit)
relaying.  This requires every MX server to know the policy of every user it
MXs for.


I think it sucks, but a reserved word domain is the only solution I have been
able to come up with.   Thus plus is that while we all have to get new emails
if you want such a system, it's pretty easy to guess the new address from the
old one.


However, in the end, opt-out and opt-in laws are pretty demonstrably fruitless.
We have 25 laws already, and leaving aside their highly debatable
constitutionality, that they are entirely ineffective does not seem subject
to debate any more.

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Subject: [Asrg] a "baby steps" proposal.
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In and around today's various crises, I found myself pondering ways to 
maybe build a solution to part of the spam problem. Without pretending 
this is a formal proposal, or even fully fleshed out, here is an 
approach that came to me -- consider it a talking point to get things 
started.

I was thinking of ways to try to slow down or block the issue of stolen 
domains and forged return addresses, and looked ways to allow domains 
to "take back" their domains. And came up with, conceptually, a new 
flavor of the ident server.

Okay, you get a piece of email from fluxmonger@yahoo.com. Should you 
accept it? right now, there's no way to query yahoo and ask, not 
reasonably.

To avoid making changes to existing protocols, instead of modifying DNS 
for new fields, I thought I'd do it using a well-known host name (which 
also allows a large site to scale with load balancers or perhaps round 
robins, while allowing small sites to simply virtual host it to their 
machine). Call it, say, hostauth.yahoo.com (if mail is from 
lists.apple.com, say, the authorizer is hostauth.lists.apple.com; 
through aliasing, it can all be tied to single server or single 
administration if you want). for sake of simplicity, I'll assign it 
port 5555.

As the site trying to decide on accepting, you can query that server 
two questions: is "fluxmonger@yahoo.com" authorized to send e-mail from 
your domain? and "is this IP address authorized to send e-mail for your 
domain"?

Participation is optional; lack of a server means you don't have the 
information to work with (I assume some users will choose to make lack 
of a server a deciding action; maybe some day). It allows a site to 
explicitly deny mail from non-existant/forged accounts. It allows sites 
to start restricting mail sent from non-local locations (the issue of 
the remote user using an accessible SMTP host is an issue, as are 
backup MXes, among things I've thought of).

For instance, if you query hostauth.plaidworks.com, it'll tell you that 
chuqui@plaidworks.com can send email, but bin@plaidworks.com cannot. 
Neither can fluxmonger@apple.com. Since I send email as plaidworks via 
my work's SMTP while I'm at work, it'd not only tell you that 
64.81.78.180 can send e-mail as plaidworks.com, but so can 
17.254.0.152. If you got email from 216.139.12.17, my server would tell 
you no. the IP ranges are probably tri-state: there will be addresses 
whitelisted by that server, addresses potentially in the "no opinion 
state", and addresses blacklisted (things that admin has found to be 
sources of spam forged with that domain's addresses, or perhaps 
generated out of rbls). If I were sending mail using my 
@employers.domain address using y home SMTP server, whether that'd be 
in the "no opinion" or "blacklist" would be based on the policy of that 
domain owner, which I think is fair, even if it might inconvenience me 
at times.

Data can be cached for some period of time. Once you know my auth 
server approves that address and/or IP address, you don't need to query 
every time you see it; it's safe to assume it's going to stay okay. 
rejections are more problematic, maybe a shorter cache for them.

What's in it for a domain? The ability to better control who's using 
that domain, especially those trying to use it without permission. The 
reduced problems with bounces from forged headers, time spent by admins 
dealing with misdirected abuse mail, etc, etc -- all can help offset 
the cost of creating and maintaining this auth server. It requires no 
new protocols, no massive outlays of engineering or "stuff", no massive 
re-engineering of the universe; it's effectively an RBL built and 
maintained by a domain, about that domain, advertised via a known 
host/known port mechanism.

On the client side: it can be built into anti-spam tools similar to 
existing RBLs; adding support isn't a major issue. Decisions on how to 
use the data can be administered how a domain wants them to be, it's a 
local decision.

A nice side aspect of this is that bogus auth servers can be 
blacklisted. If you catch one lying to you, the receiving side can 
simply flag all mail being authed through that server as bogus, so once 
a server is found to be spam friendly, it gives you a way to deal with 
all of the spam authed by that server. spammers can work around that, 
of course, but it's one more thing for them to have to deal with, and 
the auth server has to be in DNS, so it's harder to hide than using 
open relays or open proxies. It's another tool to force a spammer to 
stand still long enough to find where he is, not where his mail is 
coming from.

basically, it's something that's both an ident server (on a domain 
basis) and an RBL. It'd have a very simple protocol, and should be 
quite fast. for most sites, a flat file configuration ought to suffice; 
for larger organizations, it'll be more complex to keep all of the data 
straight, but it's all engineering, not imagineering).

risks/issues:

any server that does a yes/no on "is this a good address" risks leaking 
those good addresses to spammers.

the 'accept/reject' decision effectively has to happen where the mail 
enters your MX relays, or you risk losing that IP address. the legal 
user part can be done anywhere.

For organizations with lots of sub-domains that send mail, it adds some 
complexity to their DNS administration. I don't consider that a huge 
issue.

to me, at first glance, it seems like it's easily implementable, 
doesn't require re-engineering (beyond tweaking sendmail.cf or 
equivalent), and the only significant risk I see is the exposure risk 
above, but it can be engineered to a tolerable level fairly easily 
through fallback delays or whatever. If seems to give domains better 
control (not perfect, better -- the issue of "this is a legal address 
on our domain, BUT THAT ISN'T HIM isn't resolved at all, unless you can 
nail it with the IP lookup). Basically, it solves one small problem, 
without (I think) creating newer ones of any great size.

Thoughts?



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] RE: My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it went
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 23:09:17 -0800 (PST)

> 
> I usually would not take the time to respond to obviously flawed and
> erroneous statements. 

Well, I do appreciate you finally responding, most of us thought you would not 
and let it die which might actually have been better for you and for the list.

Note though, that I never post "obviously flowed and erroneous" statements.
And I also clearly said in the subject and in several other places that
this was my opinion and nothing more. 

> However, for the sake of persons on this list that do
> not know the details, I will spend just a few minutes stating the truth
> here.  As stated by Vernon Schryver: "I must observe that some of the
> strongest condemnations in the list of whatever happened at the meeting came
> from people who have made the some of the less well founded contributions to
> the mailing list.  From here I can't tell what happened, but I wonder if
> sour grape sentiments from some people about their favorite solutions not
> being adopted by acclamation colored other people's perceptions and so
> reports of the meeting." Based on this and other responses, I fear that
> without some clarity, others will continue to be confused by the few
> radical, negative opinions that have been voiced. There were over 200
> attendees and based on the positive feedback that I have heard, I do not
> believe that the couple of negative opinions is an accurate reflection of
> the thoughts of the attendees.

And based on my personal observations and talking to dozen attendies in 
person and more by email and even more that expressed their opinion on 
this list, everybody thought the meeting did not go that well. The opinion 
have been in range fom "very bad" to "some problems", none have said it was 
"good". So if you put it on scale bad - neutral - good, what I have seen 
in regards to how meeting happened ranged from bad to neutral but never 
above that. I believe that the persons who have seen the meeting as good 
would not be the persons associated with IETF.

> William, I am sorry that you are so upset that you were not able to present
> at the meeting; however, that should not drive you to making clearly false
> accusations about the meeting. 

While I might have been upset about not being able to make presentation,
after seeing what happened I'm now actually quite happy about that fact, 
since people who I wanted to present it to all left by the time we got to 
technical presentations. I believe my sentiment is shared even by those 
who did make a presentation, most would prefer to do be able to do it 
again and in another format of the meeting!

But my opinion about the meeting is irregardless of my presentation and 
would have been exactly the same (or even worse) if I did make it. It is 
based on actual presentations that were made and how meeting turned out, 
not on those that were not made!

I'm sorry if you see me as making any accusations especially considering 
that you say that I'm making "clearly false" accusations, which in my view 
is "clearly" not the case. (note: clearly and false is left to be defined 
by the person reading the message for both your email and mine). Everything I 
said is exactly my view on what happened and I'm not about to take 
anything back.

> I sent a call for agenda items to the list on March 10th. There were a few
> volunteers. I spoke with each of them and by March 12th each was able to
> explain to me what they wished to present. For some reason, you were not
> able to provide a clear explanation of what you wished to present until 3
> days before the meeting on Monday March 17th;

The above answer statement in my view is "clearly false" (see defintion on 
these words above) and also not inline with the facts I've available.

As for the facts, I sent you answer that I wish to send a presentation on 
March 11th. If something I said was not clear enough for you, you 
obviously had an option to respond to my email or ask for phone# to talk 
to me, you decided to opt out and not send any answer at all.

The only reply (two lines, to provide more details about presentation) from 
you I received was on March 17th. It read "William, I'm working on putting
the agenda together. Can you be more specific about what you would want 
to cover". The date is listed in my inbox as "Mon, 17 Mar 2003 03:57:41 -0500"
There were no other attempts to contact me before 17th and clearly agenda 
was not even prepared before then.

> "I'v[e] not 100% decided if I'll be able to attend". At this point, the
> agenda was being finalized. Then suddenly two days before the meeting you
> request a slot on the agenda.

And the same email also said "I'll decide by tomorrow if I go or not". I 
was going to think about it and send you additional email but wanted to 
answer your question on what I'd be presenting since I considered that to 
be most important and not to be delayed. And indeed by the next day I sent 
an additional email that said "I'm attending IETF after all, so I'll be at 
asrg session."

Afterwards you claim that you have not received my email (you would 
have seen it on Tuesday March 18th), but on the same day there were 
messages in asrg to which I've responded which clearly show that I've 
made a decision and was attending and as I was indicating in previous 
email that my answer on if I'm attending or not would be send to you 
be well known by Tuesday, this also should have been a good indication 
that you might have missed my email if that is indeed what happened as
you claim. 

In fact you main basis on why my presentation is not included when I 
finally talked to you in person on Wednesday (and I was waiting to talk to 
you on Tuesday night, but you did not show up) was that you did not 
receive that email. I do understand that some people are really busy with 
email and have lots of them (I for one have > 150,000 emails in my inbox)
but the above description puts that fact in doubt. But I might have been 
content with your answer if all presentations made good and on topic, but 
I was very concerned when I saw the agenda (finally posted to the list on 
Wednesday, but that time I already had slides for presentations prepared 
and sent them to you!) being dominated by commercial-oriented companies, 
and I'v made my opinion known to you privately when I finally had a chance
to talk to you. After the fact and seeing the meeting in realtime 
I'm sure my concerns were exactly right which made me somehat worried 
about what system was used to determine what is to be presented - that is 
what I've indicated in my email to the list.

And Paul, do note that all facts regarding my presentation being accepted 
or not and how are all in my favor and generally not point to me doing 
anything wrong. I suggest you withdraw from the discussion and just admit 
that as group chair you made a decision on what presentations would be 
included based on your view on what presentions should be included 
in the meeting. As a group chair you have full right to make these 
decisions and I'm not disputing this. 

> Please see my comments inline.
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: william@elan.net [mailto:william@elan.net]
> > Sent: Thursday, March 20, 2003 5:13 PM
> > To: asrg@ietf.org
> > Subject: [Asrg] My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it
> > went badly!)
> 
> > Also it can be noted that AT&T presented technology
> > on which 
> > they have some patents and IETF has very clear guidelines 
> > that this is 
> > dscoraged to say the least and group chairs should when two solutions 
> > exist (one patented, one not) always choose non-patented 
> > solution, same 
> > applies for presentations, this should have been screened and 
> > patent-related presentation made available if nothing else 
> > similar exist.
> 
> As stated in Vern Paxson's email: "the IRTF does not have an expressed IPR
> policy, though it appears one needs to be developed.  I picture such a
> policy requiring that, for any technology discussed within RGs that has
> related IPR, that the presence of the possible IPR be disclosed; but not
> beyond that.  The AT&T presentation would be in compliance with such a
> policy."

Clearly my problem was that since I've never worked at IRTF group before, 
some policies here were not known to me and due to irtf website being 
undeveloped right now it would have been hard for me to find this and I'v 
assumed that most that is true for IETF is true for IETF (except that 
IETF works on standards and clear pre-defined goal on what protocol or 
similar would be and IRTF "researches the issue" to decided futher steps but 
can not actually provide any stadards).

As to the issues with IPR, I'v already posted separate email today what I 
think we should do in this regard. And questions about IPR were raised 
before on the list also before and never got any official response from you
or anybody else.
 
> > Also have to be noted that most presentations on the live
> > meeting were by 
> > persons who did not try to participate at the mailing list 
> > and are completely unknown to us 
> 
> Unknown to whom? There a number of people that you may not know that have a
> unique understanding of spam. Who is it that you don't know? John Morris?
> Jon Praed? Philip Hallam-Baker? Balachander Krishnamurthy? 

Its kind of funny when you say that since when talking to you day before 
the presentation I made it clear I actually know most of the mentioned people
(I may not remember everyone personally, but I know the organizations) and 
can imagine what they would present based on presentations done for other 
events and I was not seriously wrong.

As to exactly what I said is that these people are uknown to people on 
ASRG mail list as they did not participate here. Obviously as the 
persons listed are experts in spam (which I do not doubt) it would be of
most interest for us to have them participate here, but it was not the 
case and as such it was clearly their choice on how much involvement with 
this group they want. At least it would have been appropriate for them to 
introduce themselve to the list before the meeting and the agenda was 
posted.

> > and this is also against
> > general policies for IETF and IRTF 
> > as first what are supposed to be presented are work done as 
> > part of mailing list efforts (i.e. general work area) usually 
> > by people who are most active on the list and only afterwards 
> > at the very end are there allowed presentations by other 
> > organizations with similar interest or work area (and those 
> > presentations should be carefully chose to minimize 
> > commercial views). 
> 
> As you know, I sent a call for agenda items. Everyone that responded and had
> something to talk about was accepted.

I'v no way to confirm that except by your words, but have some facts 
indicating this is not so.

> Commercial views were very minimized if not non-existent. 

I'v different view of this as from what I saw every organization was 
presenting what is important to them. The word "commercial" may not be the 
most approriate here as for example legal presentation is not commercial 
but basicly nothing presentated was research-group approved, you did 
presentation of general anti-spam conference that tries to describe how 
hard situation is and what are the view of various organizations (such as 
legit mass mailers, legal, goverment, etc). And nothing of this was really 
"research" just their view on the matter at hand.

But all tech presentations were for "commercialized" solutions, i.e. 
certificates, stamps, etc. often involving patents and so on. I'v personally
(again repeat personally) do not like solutions that are like that.

> There were a number of commercial entities in the room
> that talked about the problem and not about a product. Again, these may be
> people that you don't personally know, but they are very familiar with the
> problem. For example, Scott Banister from IronPort, Dick Hardt from
> ActiveState, Ken Schneider from BrightMail, Karl Jacob from CloudMark, and
> me and others from CipherTrust.

Most companies mentioned (including yours) make anti-spam solutions based 
on filtering on the client end and I recorgine your contributions in this 
area, however the reasons for ASRG is to find end-end solution that would 
as most agree involve some kind of change in communication system that 
involves both source and destination and change so that spam is not sent. 
These solutions might possibly in the future remove need for destination 
filtering or replace it with something else (though I suspect this will 
have to be used anyway no matter how well we're able to protect improper 
communication from happening) and may cause actions solutions that 
diminish need for such solutions that you currently make. But I seriously 
do not think this is a problem, as most people involved in anti-spam 
companies are real really really against spam and the reasons why they got 
involved in the first place, so it may very well be true that all of you 
are quite capable of going against your own business if it means eliminating
spam! But again as I said, most of these commercial solutions are for 
anti-spam filtering on client end, and while this is important, it is not 
main issue of what we're talking on the list and as solutions are often 
quite similar only one of these "filtering" presentations should be made 
(this is for the future...) and best by somebody who're somewhat outside 
and can give overview of not just what one company does but several.

However that people in the above companies have such personal views of 
spam unfortunetly might have caused an counter-effect and seriously 
prolong the meeting by having everyone engaged in the discussion instead 
of trying to stay on agenda which did not provide any time for discussions.
That you knew these people personally only made things worse as you were 
not ready to say no to them and stop the discussions. 

This is probably something to remember for the future - either provide 
time (5min) for discussion after each presentation of do not allow for any 
discusssions and be strong on this point. I'd opt for 5 min personally, 
just add to agenda next time its done.

> There was absolutely no mention of these
> products or any proprietary technology from any of these companies. These
> are people that are at the meeting to participate in a research group
> focused on the problem of spam. BTW, you might want to think about the
> amount of spam that is stopped daily by these companies. 

And I might think about that amount of spamming getting through is rising 
as technologies used by spammers become more complex and filtering on 
content no longer works all that well. We must focus on technologies that 
eliminate spam from the source if possible.

> Not to promote any
> of these particular technologies, but my point is that we are quite familiar
> with the problem and the state-of-the-art and we gather here to move forward
> with better answers to the problem.
>
>  
> > In short, like I said in previous email - the presentations were all
> > opinions of particular organizations and all commercial (even 
> > spamcon is 
> > really what I call "commercial" non-profit foundation, as 
> > apposed to say 
> > CAUSE) and were not individual submission as is supposed to 
> > be done at 
> > IETF and IRTF. As a result engineers who were attending IETF probably 
> > got negative view of our group and our efforts. 
> 
> These were presentations by individuals. The fact that many of the people
> that have much to say about spam are affiliated with spam-focused
> organizations is not a surprise.

Most spam-focused companies are really the work of several very dedicated 
individuals for each organization, I fully recorgnize that. However if 
you're familiar with IETF you'll undetand what I mean when I say there is 
a difference between individual presenting something and organizations 
presenting something and all presentations were clearly organization views
be those organizations mass-mailers, legal, etc.

> > The only
> > thing I can think 
> > of why chair did something like that would have been to get 
> > media exposure, I'm sure media not be research or engineering 
> > centric would not see 
> > serious downsides that I have noticed. Now I'n not against additional 
> > media exposure, but I do not believe we're at the point where this is 
> > really needed, what we need are people serious about working 
> > on technical 
> > solutions and media will provide information about our group 
> > to general 
> > user audience that would only bring more noise. 
> 
> I tapped resources to provide background discussion and different views of
> the problem as input to our research group work. This included a view from
> the frontline, a view from mass mailers, a view related to endusers and a
> view of the relationship between spam legislation and spam technology. Each
> of these individuals was highly qualified and very informative. There were
> remarks about the scientific merit of some of the stats in the first talk.
> However, beyond that the audience was captivated by the information that was
> being dispersed.

In part because you'v spent serious time promoting this group in the media 
which caused number of people in the audience for whom this was "facinating"
as well as even more people from the media. Anybody who has seen the
list of all the media articles about ASRG which you saw kindly collected at
http://www.ciphertrust.com/press/news/index.htm would understand what I mean.

> As I explained, this was the inaugural meeting of the
> research group that was started just three weeks ago. 

As I mentione below, I think there should not have been life meeting so 
soon after group start.

> I felt that we needed
> to consume some background information before we dive into the technical
> details of our work. This session of the meeting including all four of these
> talks was scheduled for 45 minutes; that is less than 1/3 of the scheduled
> meeting time. Yes, it went over this time due to lengthy Q&A, speakers
> overrunning their slots, and the chair not being extremely stringent on time
> requirements. If you want to point out any of those last three things, those
> are valid points. However, scheduling 1/3 of an inaugural meeting to focus
> on background and relevant views of the area is acceptable and necessary.

Indeed I mentioned all of the above. And 1/3 of the time would be ok, but 
we saw what happened... I think for next time considering asking IETF to 
schedule this in two sessions (purely "informational" and purely technical 
- solutions) and not only that but consider making these sessions on 
separate days and last session in a day so that we could stay longer.

> I received many more positive comments after the meeting than I did negative
> comments from the few people on this list with other ideas about how the
> meeting should have been run. 

I'd be surprised if these comments came from people on the mailing list or 
otherwise engaged in IETF work.

> There were opportunties to bash the agenda
> when it was sent to the list as well as the official agenda bashing portion
> of the meeting. 

This I disagree with you entirely. Agenda was presented 1 day before the 
meeting. On IETF groups I'm in agenda was presented week or two before the 
actual meeting. There was absolutly no opportunity to "bash" the agenda on 
the meeting or on the list.

> No such comments were made at either point. 

There were made privately to you by several people who were on the list 
when they saw the agenda.

> So, I appreciate
> the fact that some of you have 20/20 hindsight, but I would be more
> impressed with useful contributions.
> 
> > 
> > In the future meetings done in connection with IETF (are we
> > meeting in 
> > Vienna?) if we're going to have so many non-technical discussions, I 
> > would strongly recommend separting into two sessions, one for this 
> > general/media-centric and one for actual engineers to work on 
> > technical 
> > issues that we may have. 
> > 
> > I do hope chair takes my comments seriously!
> > He really did a bad job today chosing what is to be presented
> > (i'm sure he 
> > had multiple options), 
> 
> As stated above, there were not as many options as you assumed. Everyone
> that had a technical solution to discuss (that made this known more than 2
> days before the meeting) was allowed to present.

You know as well as I do that is not true, in fact in your own email you 
already admitted as much. And on the list we'v seen many other proposed 
solutions too, I'v hard time believing nobody was read to prepare a 
presentation for the meeting.

> > keeping discussions short (so that
> > there was time 
> > for additional presentations) 
> > or in general being prepared 
> > for this life 
> > meeting (remember agenda is supposed to be reviewed by mail 
> > list and be 
> > announced well before the actual meeting, that is just one example).
> 
> RFC 2014 states that a draft agenda must be published to the list well in
> advance of the meeting. 

So do it this way next time, please!

> Your comment about not being prepared is amusing.
> This group was chartered the last week in February. Within three weeks, the
> group was announced, mailing list started, work items identified, iterated
> through drafts of certain work items, meeting during IETF was requested,
> granted, and scheduled, agenda planned and confirmed, and meeting held. 

I completely agree with you that there was not enough time. My option in 
this case would have been to delay first meeting to the next IETF 
conference when we were more ready.

> Personally, I am content with the progress thus far. Understand that the
> research group is three weeks old. Obviously, we will not solve the problem
> in the first three weeks. But, we have made some progress and will continue
> to make good strides. Just as I tried to explain to you this week, RFC 2014
> also states that "A Research Group will conduct much of its business via its
> electronic mail distribution list(s)." The way that we will continue to make
> progress is from individual contributions. If you are sincerely interested
> in helping to solve this problem, then please contribute work and ideas
> rather than simply negative opinions. You sent a note to the group about
> email address verification on March 12th stating that more detail will be
> provided in the next couple of days. More detail was never sent. 

Actually if you'v really read my email you'd see that I said that more 
details on callback would be sent later (not on verification!), my notes 
on verification were almost fully published (see below) I apologize for 
not sending notes on callback before and will do so by the end of this week.

As for more details on verification, it was in the presentation which I 
made available. The particular details not mentioned before are 
to use message tracking protocol for these purposes. I'm now working on 
the draft (actually more then one) when draft is ready I'll post it. But 
actual details are already made available and if you have questions how 
it would work as far as general overview, please feel free to read 
presentation and previous notes and ask me questions.

> I look forward to seeing some actual contributions from you.

You will. And so I hope as well to see contributions and solutions from 
you as well, which beyond the taximony you'v not done and have not actively 
participated in the list that much.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Trying to continue this debate on the personal scale like this between us 
is useless - I'm certain we'll not be able to effect each other's opinion 
about what happened with the first meeting and if it was good or bad and 
for others if they have been on the meeting they also have their own 
opinion and those who were not can not properly accertain it just from our 
words along. I do, however, hope you took critisicim properly, but we'll 
only know it on the next meeting.

And I personally will not remember personal problems for long (I can 
"heat up" very quickly but just as much it does not stay within me 
long) and I do not let it to effect my judgement. Plus, I'v a lot more 
interest in seeing a solution to spam problem then having some personal 
battle with you or anybody else. So, I'd like us to cool our heads, take 
step back, relax and be prepared to work for the future. 

And the most constructive step to this I'v seen today with introduction of 
"ASRG work items", lets hope others follow it and the list actually 
becomes productive and not as much "rant" as this email.

And do note that I'll not reply to any other email on this thread, I'v said
more then enough, especially considering that this was after all my opinion.

----
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net

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To: "'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: 5b. Opt-Out - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 23:22:52 -0800 (PST)

Ok, I'm going to add "Modification of email address to show opt-out 
choice" as #4 in my list. And to a degree this system is already widely 
used when somebody adds "#listname" as part of email address, they show 
choice to be opt-in to specific mail list but not others and afterwards 
they filter based on this choice. 

Regarding #1 (distributed hash list of email address). I'd like somebody 
who has exact proposal on this issue speak up and explain this in detail, 
especially cipher algorithms used, why its safe, etc. (did Verisign 
had some paper, anybody wants to point me?). Then whoever is in 
opposition and think this will not work, should explain problems and 
technical issues in proposal.

Also regarding #3 where there maybe a problem that all mail servers (even 
backups mxs) would need to answer if user is opted out or not, the 
solution to this is to build separate opt-out choice report protocol
and have separarte SRV record for it.  To be honest this is actually my 
preferable choice, I thought to make it a part of "filtering configuration" 
database as public information available from such database where as 
actual filters to be used would be private information. But I consider 
this approach to be subpart of #3 and in the future iteration of choices 
for opt-out will list it as subsection. 

Also should I mention as separate topic for opt-out an enforcement of 
opt-out choices? These can include laws in support of opt-out, distributed 
black lists of those companies that did not honor opt-out, etc.

On Mon, 24 Mar 2003, Brad Templeton wrote:

> On Mon, Mar 24, 2003 at 03:22:29PM -0800, william@elan.net wrote:
> > I'll take opt-out. I had notes on that and identified 3 automated out-out 
> > paths (sorted by type of distribution/access to such lists):
> > 
> > 1. Distributed lists which use some type of encryption to allow validation 
> > of particular address but not see enter list. Please comment here on all 
> > types of encryption methods that are available.
> > 
> > 2. Opt-out server. Here a special service/server (maybe more then one) is 
> > located somewhere. Anybody wishing to check of address is opt-out or not 
> > can connect to that server (with proper authentication if necessary) and 
> > check validity of particular email address.
> > 
> > 3. Opt-out system as part of each mail server. Here new command is added 
> > to mail server which allows to check if email is opted out or not. 
> > Separate lists are run by every isp/every email server and are particular 
> > only to email addresses handled by mail server. Its assumed that before or 
> > during email connection command would be issues to verify opt-out 
> > preferences before delivering email. 
> > 
> > Any other distribution means I missed?
> 
> 
> Unfortunately, distributed lists of hashes of e-mails don't work for secrecy.
> Spammers have lists of millions of email addresses.  They can just compare
> the hashes against them and turn the list of hashes into a list of real
> addresses.   At least for those on the lists.  Which is most of us.  If you
> get spam, you're on these lists.   If you don't get spam, you don't have
> much reason to get on the opt-out list.
> 
> In fact, anything that will "clean" a list of opted-out people is a way to,
> using the 50 million email address spammer's database, get almost all the
> list of people who opted out.
> 
> Now the question is, do you need secrecy of the names?  It certainly would
> be nice, since you should ideally not have to declare your address in public
> in order to get your privacy!   But there is no great solution here.
> 
> In fact, the only solution I have come up with requires us to all get new
> E-mail addresses.   This would be a pattern, such as a reserved word lower
> level domain part.   Thus william@ns.elan.net  (with "ns" in it) would be
> an address declared to have opted out.
> 
> That's not very exciting but I am open to other solutions for an opt out list.
> 
> The other reason it's necessary is that email addresses are not unique.
> Many people own whole domains and get all mail to *@domain.com.  All
> sendmail users get all mail to username+*@domain.com.  All qmail users
> get all mail to username-*@domain.com.  There are many other examples.
> 
> Also, user%domain.com@otherdomain.com is a valid e-mail for you if otherdomain
> relays.  There are an infinite number of variations.
> 
> That leaves us with option 3, which can deal with that.  Problem is (legit)
> relaying.  This requires every MX server to know the policy of every user it
> MXs for.
> 
> 
> I think it sucks, but a reserved word domain is the only solution I have been
> able to come up with.   Thus plus is that while we all have to get new emails
> if you want such a system, it's pretty easy to guess the new address from the
> old one.
> 
> 
> However, in the end, opt-out and opt-in laws are pretty demonstrably fruitless.
> We have 25 laws already, and leaving aside their highly debatable
> constitutionality, that they are entirely ineffective does not seem subject
> to debate any more.




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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>
cc: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] a "baby steps" proposal.
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 07:27:15 -0500 (EST)



On Mon, 24 Mar 2003, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:

> 
> To avoid making changes to existing protocols, instead of modifying DNS 
> for new fields, I thought I'd do it using a well-known host name (which 
> also allows a large site to scale with load balancers or perhaps round 
> robins, while allowing small sites to simply virtual host it to their 
> machine). Call it, say, hostauth.yahoo.com (if mail is from 
> lists.apple.com, say, the authorizer is hostauth.lists.apple.com; 
> through aliasing, it can all be tied to single server or single 
> administration if you want). for sake of simplicity, I'll assign it 
> port 5555.
> 

This moves responsibility for authorizing mail from the connecting host to
the owner of the hostname of the connecting host. Currently the host
itself must prevent relay, and needs to use SMTP AUTH or POPAUTH for
roving users. Under this proposal that would be unecessary because the
receiving host would query the authorizer for authorization. Now the
authorizer is the one that decides if mail is legitimate or not.

What is missing is an argument for why this is better, or is better in
combination. Is there a large group of MTAs who would do this but would
not do SMTP AUTH? Is SMTP AUTH to hard? But a whole new authorization
protocol is not likely to be easier. Are there particular problems with
SMTP AUTH that are insoluble?

Furthermore, the authoriser has less information than the sending host. It
doesn't know the actual sending address, or if the actual sender knows the
login id and password for his account, or anything about the message
content.

I would have guessed that most mail originates from servers that are
controlled by the same entity that controls the DNS server of the host
name, and that therefore this proposal does not shift responsibility in
most cases. However many MTAs are on DSL lines where the ISP has effective
control over DNS but the customer controls the machine itself. In these
cases I would guess there was much less liklihood of this proposal being
effected correctly.

Daniel Feenberg



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Certs required to send mail ?(Was: My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it went badly! ))
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 12:48:30 +0000

> Jon,
> JK> If Certs were required to send mail AND were only issued under strict
> terms
> JK> and conditions AND revocation for T&C violation was properly managed.
> 
> 
> And if everybody were a nice person, we would not have this problem.
> 
> When offering an "If" please discuss the feasibility of implementing the
> proposal.
> 


Dave,
I think you may have missed the context of my reply, 
which was not to make a proposal as such - but to comment on
this point made by Vernon Schryver

>
>If certs were required to send mail, then we'd have big ISPs
distributing
>CDROMs labelled "4000 free hours" and automatically issuing certs
>along with user names and passwords.  There would be no change from
>the current situation, except that the commercial CAs would have
>another revenue stream.
>

(Which might profitably have been quoted in your response)

The feasibility would hang on a CA issuing certs only subject to
strict T&C, taking responsibility for revoking in the case of demonstrated
violation of that T&C and for client software to correctly consult
revocation
lists.  The technology for this is all well-understood but there doesn't
seem to be a body in place offering this facility.  But I'm not proposing
such a system - that's for others with more expertise in this area. And
besides,
its a business problem rather than a technical one.

This is probably equivalent to the CA maintaining a whitelist.
(with some cryptographic overhead :-)  )
As has been suggested previously in this group, a trusted whitelist
is very close approach to a "good solution".

 












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Date: 25 Mar 2003 13:42:23 +0000

On Mon, Mar 24, 2003 at 11:31:39PM -0800, Chuq Von Rospach allegedly wrote:

> As the site trying to decide on accepting, you can query that server 
> two questions: is "fluxmonger@yahoo.com" authorized to send e-mail from 
> your domain? and "is this IP address authorized to send e-mail for your 
> domain"?

> risks/issues:
> 
> any server that does a yes/no on "is this a good address" risks leaking 
> those good addresses to spammers.

eRBL is a variant on this that I've discussed in other forums. The
idea is to reverse the question to be "is this a known bad address".

As the owner of the domain, you get to know about bad addresses
because you get the bounces. In effect, hostauth becomes a cache of
recent bounces to bogus addresses, for some value of recent.

The advantage of this approach is that it doesn't leak addresses and
cannot be used to list-wash.

Using your example, if someone is trying to send mail using
bin@plaidworks.com, in very short order you'll start getting bounces
to that address because spammer lists are rarely perfect. As soon as
you get the bounce and the local delivery/forward fails, the address
gets added into your eRBL.

A query for any other email address returns NXDOMAIN regardless of
whether it's valid or not.


Regards.

_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 08:37:35 -0500

At 5:52 AM -0500 3/24/03, Alan DeKok wrote:
>   However, by measuring data from from biased systems, we can get a
>good indication of what those biases may be, how extensive they are,
>and even discover the shape of the non-biased systems.

If an ISP is not filtering for spam, they can't even answer the 
question, "how much spam do you get".  If they are filtering for spam 
and 20% gets through, they their numbers will be 20% off.  How are 
you--looking at the aggregate information--going to figure that out?

>   Pollsters use these methods all the time.  They call people, collect
>precise, accurate data about personal biases.  The people may lie, but
>with enough data, that bias may be accounted for.

This isn't bias.  This is missing data.

>   What amazes me is the number of people who would rather do nothing
>than use an imperfect system, and the number of people who fight
>against something they agree with, because they think it doesn't go
>far enough.

I did not say do nothing.  I simply pointed out that you should 
realize that there is going to be a lot of error in some of those 
numbers.  Trust me.  If I had meant "do nothing" I would have said 
"do nothing."
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar 25 09:41:16 2003
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Subject: [Asrg] Protocols
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 09:34:54 -0500

A lot of the proposals people have made to this list make a 
fundamental change to how email works, and I don't mean in the 
specifics, but at a very high level.

Currently the process of sending email from point a to point b does 
not involve any protocols.  Yes, the transport does--but from the MUA 
to MUA standpoint there is no back and forth protocol.  You toss 
message over wall.  Sometime later, someone gets it.  This is 
completely one way.  Yes, there are two exceptions to the 
rule--bounces and return-receipts.  And it's probably worth 
considering that neither of those exceptions work very well. 
Return-receipt is unreliable due to gateway issues, as well as social 
ones.  And bounces range from no-bounces-but-not-delivered, to 
did-bounce-but-got-delivered.  In both cases the sending MUA seldom 
has any knowledge of the even that limited protocol.  (It could link 
bounces and return-receipts to the original message, but most do 
not--the protocols are too unreliable.)

When you propose a change to the mail system that *requires* a 
protocol (either through two supporting MUAs, or one supporting MUA 
and one annoyed human :-) you are making a very fundamental change to 
how email works.  You have introduced a dramatic new level of 
complexity.  The difference between drop-and-forget and a real 
protocol with bi-directional communication is huge.  Most 
importantly, it introduces a whole new way for things to fail.

I've seen a lot of proposals.  But I don't believe I've seen any of 
them discuss failure modes.  TCP may guarantee that you deliver a 
packet or know you didn't--but email most certainly does not.  If you 
are designing a protocol on top of email, you've got to think about 
the how things fail.

Here are a few to consider--independent of whether we're talking 
hashcash, sender-pays, challenge/response, or anything else.

- initial message isn't delivered
- initial message is delivered to wrong person
-- intentionally (person left company, new person replies)
-- intentionally (I'm on vacation, forwarded my email to secretary)
-- unintentionally (something went wrong)
-- unintentionally (new person at ISP using old email address)
- protocol reply isn't delivered (gets lost somewhere)
- protocol reply is delivered late (lost in email)
- protocol reply is delivered late (back from six month vacation)
- protocol reply is misdelivered (see above misdelivery cases)
- protocol reply bounces (no account, mailbox over quota)
- protocol reply gets temporary bounce (host unavailable)
- protocol reply bounces without body in reply
- protocol reply gets on-vacation message
- protocol reply is sent return-receipt requested
...

When you design two-way communications, you need to deal with 
failure.  You are building on top of a transport that does not 
reliably tell you when it fails, or how it failed.  Right now even 
trying to figure out when an address has permanently failed so that 
it can be removed from a mailing list is non-trivial.  That is the 
transport you have to deal with.  All the proposals I've seen so far 
assume that the underlying email system is reliable.  It's not.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar 25 09:42:14 2003
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To: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] FC: Will new "spam reduction" service result in...
 more spam?
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 09:13:46 -0500

At 5:32 PM -0800 3/24/03, Brad Templeton wrote:
>I wrote a challenge/response system six years ago that simply asks for any
>reply at all -- it doesn't put any burden on the other party, and would be
>easy to defeat with something as simple as an autoresponder.   Yet it works,
>the spammers have not attempted to use this simple defeat.  Once they start,

If a challenge response system puts messages in the "look at me 
later" queue if you don't respond, then I don't think spammers will 
care.  (And it's not clear that you'll be that much happier as a user 
of the system.  You will have to scan the queue.)

Why is not clear to me is a) how anyone expects your typical user to 
whitelist commercial addresses and mailing lists in advance and b) 
how a challenge response system (which had *better* respond to 
envelope from) avoids getting them removed from said list, or not 
receiving notification about their purchase or what not.

Just consider the following.

1 User sends email to asrg-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe
2 Think quick.  What address should you whitelist?  asrg@ietf.org? 
asrg-request@ietf.org?  Nope.  asrg-admin@ietf.org.  And you knew 
that because...?
3 asrg sends back a confirmation request.  Now as it happens, it does 
this from asrg-admin@ietf.org (envelope) and asrg-request (from). 
But some mailers use a custom address for this.  But let's assume 
we're dealing with the average user here.  They either didn't do 
anything at all (forgot they had to) or their software whitelisted 
based on the To: address (asrg-request).
4.1 A challenge gets sent back to the asrg list.  The result depends 
on a combination of how the list software works and how the challenge 
software constructed its reply.
4.1.1 It's treated as a bounce and the user is not added
4.1.2 It's treated as a confirmation and the user is added
4.1.3 It goes to the admin, who says something I can't repeat and 
throws it in the trash.
4.2 It makes it through because we whitelisted the right thing.
5 The first list message comes through.  If you had whitelisted 
asrg-admin, you're fine.  If you whitelisted asrg-request, we 
challenge it.  If the list software uses a different envelope from 
each time, you got problems.

Now, let's take amazon.com.

I've received automated email from payments-messages@amazon.com, 
orders@amazon.com, auto-confirm@amazon.com, eyes@amazon.com, 
amazon-news-sender@amazon.com, editer-sender@amazon.com, 
science-fiction-editor@amazon.com... and they actually send mail from 
their domain--never mind what happens if they higher m0.net or 
someone to deliver it.

And if you start sending challenges to those--Amazon's going to see 
them as bounces and dump me.

Of course we could just whitelist all of amazon.com.  But I rather 
suspect the spammers might figure that one out.

If you want challenge/response to work, the first thing you should do 
has nothing to do with challenge/response.  The first thing is to 
come up with an RFC for a standard format for challenges so that 
automated mail systems can recognize that they aren't the same as 
bounces.  And come up with a protocol whereby they can reply and say 
"Yo! I'm an automated system you idiot."  Where you go from there I 
don't know.

However, see my next message on "Protocols".
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar 25 09:51:49 2003
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] RE: My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it went 
 badly!)
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 09:43:49 -0500

Look guys.  Can we can this discussion?

I make a general rule of never paying any attention to who I'm 
replying to--but focusing on what they said.  That makes it nice and 
easy to have two simultaneous conversations with someone on two 
topics--in one of which I'm violently disagreeing, and the other I'm 
completely agreeing.

Focus on proposals.  Not motivations and personalities.  This isn't 
net.singles.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar 25 10:16:33 2003
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: "HashStamp" == hashcash? (Re: Stamping) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 24 Mar 2003 23:16:56 CST."
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References: <oydznnq808p.fsf_-_@bert.cs.rice.edu> <200303211221.h2LCLWrH013650@pindari.platypuspartners.com> <oydy938hmb0.fsf@bert.cs.rice.edu> <20030321194608.A5619380@exeter.ac.uk> <oyd8yv8mplc.fsf@bert.cs.rice.edu> <200303212037.h2LKbdv5016004@turing-police.cc.vt.edu> <oyd3clgmnvr.fsf@bert.cs.rice.edu> <p06000d06baa2416a42ba@[192.168.1.104]> <oydhe9vs3f3.fsf@bert.cs.rice.edu> <p06000d0fbaa25874a902@[192.168.1.104]> <oydbs01fmib.fsf@bert.cs.rice.edu> <p06000d39baa437f90cfa@[192.168.1.104]> <oydu1dt8gnh.fsf@bert.cs.rice.edu> <p06000d4abaa539aa712c@[192.168.1.104]>
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On Mon, 24 Mar 2003 23:16:56 CST, Scott A Crosby <scrosby@cs.rice.edu>  said:

> Oh, I agree, but this sort of 'fun' is coming, and I'd rather get some
> positive usefulness out of it, to use it as a wedge to get a better
> solution into email clients.... and soon.
> 
> Look at:
> 
>     http://news.com.com/2010-1071-992911.html?tag=nl
> 
> Wanna take a bet as to whether AOL/MSN/Earthlink are contemplating the
> same? 

Hmm... To quote the article: "Spammers are not yet equipped to handle the kind
of challenge-response technology incorporated into Mailblocks--not yet, at
least."

So is there anything to distinguish this attempt to start a "Gee Kids, be the
first on the block to piss off all your friends by making them go to a web
page" from all the other ones they've tried?  I mean, besides the fact this
guy started the highly sucessful and widely imitated WebTV?

X-WebTV-Stationery: Standard; BGColor=black; TextColor=black

There's somebody at my site I can't send mail to, because his "I don't want
mail unless you click the website" program triggered on something I posted
to a list, I punted it because it was so stupid.. and didn't notice the
"you will only get this notice once" until it was too late.

Now let's see... what are the business benefits of (say) AOL doing this?

1) If they're the first to deploy, they risk losing subscribers who get
upset because all their friends are annoyed.

2) If their user base is large enough to matter, they will start getting
"WTF is this?" support calls when their users send e-mail to each other.

3) It actually makes life worse for their mail system. Let's work it through:

a) It's identifiable as spam.  AOL is certainly NOT going to quarantine it
for a week in hopes the spammer will ID themselves when they can drop it on
the floor and get it out of the queue.  So if your current spam filter is 95%
accurate, then 95% of the time you'd make things worse by deploying it.

b) It's not identified as spam because it isn't spam.  So now you're
annoying the sender the first time, delaying mail, quarantining it, taking
on the whitelist database headaches - and it didn't help any.

c) It's spam that your filters didn't catch.  This is the only place where
it actually does any good. But now, rather than being able to dump it into
a mailbox and get it out of the queue, you need to quarantine it, and all
the queue management hassles that involves...

The basic problem here is that for it to work, you have to accept and
quarantine the mail.  If you're looking to actually make a challenge-response
system work, you need some SMTP extension to provide a 4XX reply code
so the mail *STAYS AT THE SENDER* until the challenge-response is finished.

Unfortunately, (1) this requires an ESMTP extension to do the 4XX pushback
and (2) I've not had enough caffeine to figure out how to prevent the obvious
livelock on the "You must XYZ to confirm" e-mail (part of why it needs to go
in the 4XX not as a reply msg)....

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To: "Mark Delany" <tcrcn-6ugsc@qmda.emu.st>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] a "baby steps" proposal.
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 10:02:55 -0500

At 1:42 PM +0000 3/25/03, Mark Delany wrote:
>eRBL is a variant on this that I've discussed in other forums. The
>idea is to reverse the question to be "is this a known bad address".
>
>As the owner of the domain, you get to know about bad addresses
>because you get the bounces. In effect, hostauth becomes a cache of
>recent bounces to bogus addresses, for some value of recent.

There are an infinitely number of bad addresses and a finite number 
of good ones.  Given that you only know about the bad ones *after* 
the spammer has used them, and given that they can generate a unique 
one in every N messages, I don't see this is a big win.

I bounced over 40,000 different addresses last year.  I have less 
than 40 good addresses.  Extreme yes, but managing good addresses is 
a lot easier.

And of course, it only works if the spammers send to bad addresses 
that bounce.  But if people implement eRBL, then the spammers have an 
easy way to avoid sending to bad addresses.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] a "baby steps" proposal. 
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On Tue, 25 Mar 2003 10:02:55 EST, Kee Hinckley said:
> I bounced over 40,000 different addresses last year.  I have less 
> than 40 good addresses.  Extreme yes, but managing good addresses is 
> a lot easier.

A good point.. and then you said...

> And of course, it only works if the spammers send to bad addresses 
> that bounce.  But if people implement eRBL, then the spammers have an 
> easy way to avoid sending to bad addresses.

You say that like it's a bad thing... ;)

Sites go to incredible lengths to keep usernames secret.. and they they
get dictionary-attacked, which is probably even worse from the mail system
point of view.

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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 08:58:29 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>

> > And if everybody were a nice person, we would not have this problem.

> >If certs were required to send mail, then we'd have big ISPs
> distributing
> >CDROMs labelled "4000 free hours" and automatically issuing certs
> >along with user names and passwords.  There would be no change from
> >the current situation, except that the commercial CAs would have
> >another revenue stream.

> The feasibility would hang on a CA issuing certs only subject to
> strict T&C, taking responsibility for revoking in the case of demonstrated
> violation of that T&C and for client software to correctly consult
> revocation
> lists.  The technology for this is all well-understood but there doesn't
> seem to be a body in place offering this facility.  But I'm not proposing
> such a system - that's for others with more expertise in this area. And
> besides,
> its a business problem rather than a technical one.

No, Dave's response was on target.  If ISPs would enforce strict T&C,
there would be no spam.  User names and passwords are required to send
spam, and ISPs could terminate accounts for spamming.  Expecting ISPs
to revoke certs for spam when they now refuse to termiante accounts
for spam makes no sense.

There is essentailly no spam that is not ultimately the responsibility
of an ISP that is trivial for spam targets with minimal technical
clues to identify.

To send spam, every spammer must identify itself to an ISP.  That ISP
knows every customer using its sevices so that it can bill its customers,
as well as detect bad behavior such as DoS attacks.  It takes time and
effort to sift RAIDUS or other logs to discover that the IP address
10.2.3.4 that sent spam at 10:01 GMT was in use by port 1234 on server
567 and that Joe Spammer had used a CHAP password to identify himself (or
his computer), but no rocket science is needed.  Adding certs to user
names and passwords does not affect what ISPs can and ought to do to stop
spam.

Similarly, every spammer's web pages are hosted by an ISP that could
enforce T&C's against spam.

This applies to open proxies.  Essentially all ISPs prohibit running
open proxies.  Spam whose original ISP is hidden by an open proxy
could be stopped by the second ISP enforcing its T&C against open
proxies.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: "'Kee Hinckley'" <nazgul@somewhere.com>,
        "'asrg@ietf.org'"
	 <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: 5.c. message status - Failure Modes (was RE: [Asrg] Protocols)
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 11:06:14 -0500


Changing the subject to something more descriptive and to follow the
requested format.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Kee Hinckley [mailto:nazgul@somewhere.com] 
> Sent: Tuesday, March 25, 2003 9:35 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Protocols
> 
> 
> A lot of the proposals people have made to this list make a 
> fundamental change to how email works, and I don't mean in the 
> specifics, but at a very high level.
> 
> Currently the process of sending email from point a to point b does 
> not involve any protocols.  Yes, the transport does--but from the MUA 
> to MUA standpoint there is no back and forth protocol.  You toss 
> message over wall.  Sometime later, someone gets it.  This is 
> completely one way.  Yes, there are two exceptions to the 
> rule--bounces and return-receipts.  And it's probably worth 
> considering that neither of those exceptions work very well. 
> Return-receipt is unreliable due to gateway issues, as well as social 
> ones.  And bounces range from no-bounces-but-not-delivered, to 
> did-bounce-but-got-delivered.  In both cases the sending MUA seldom 
> has any knowledge of the even that limited protocol.  (It could link 
> bounces and return-receipts to the original message, but most do 
> not--the protocols are too unreliable.)
> 
> When you propose a change to the mail system that *requires* a 
> protocol (either through two supporting MUAs, or one supporting MUA 
> and one annoyed human :-) you are making a very fundamental change to 
> how email works.  You have introduced a dramatic new level of 
> complexity.  The difference between drop-and-forget and a real 
> protocol with bi-directional communication is huge.  Most 
> importantly, it introduces a whole new way for things to fail.
> 
> I've seen a lot of proposals.  But I don't believe I've seen any of 
> them discuss failure modes.  TCP may guarantee that you deliver a 
> packet or know you didn't--but email most certainly does not.  If you 
> are designing a protocol on top of email, you've got to think about 
> the how things fail.
> 
> Here are a few to consider--independent of whether we're talking 
> hashcash, sender-pays, challenge/response, or anything else.
> 
> - initial message isn't delivered
> - initial message is delivered to wrong person
> -- intentionally (person left company, new person replies)
> -- intentionally (I'm on vacation, forwarded my email to secretary)
> -- unintentionally (something went wrong)
> -- unintentionally (new person at ISP using old email address)
> - protocol reply isn't delivered (gets lost somewhere)
> - protocol reply is delivered late (lost in email)
> - protocol reply is delivered late (back from six month vacation)
> - protocol reply is misdelivered (see above misdelivery cases)
> - protocol reply bounces (no account, mailbox over quota)
> - protocol reply gets temporary bounce (host unavailable)
> - protocol reply bounces without body in reply
> - protocol reply gets on-vacation message
> - protocol reply is sent return-receipt requested
> ...
> 
> When you design two-way communications, you need to deal with 
> failure.  You are building on top of a transport that does not 
> reliably tell you when it fails, or how it failed.  Right now even 
> trying to figure out when an address has permanently failed so that 
> it can be removed from a mailing list is non-trivial.  That is the 
> transport you have to deal with.  All the proposals I've seen so far 
> assume that the underlying email system is reliable.  It's not.
> -- 
> Kee Hinckley
> http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
> http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology 
> and Society
> 
> I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so 
> unwilling to accept responsibility for their own actions, or 
> that they are so eager to regulate everyone else's. 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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In-Reply-To:  <200303251558.h2PFwTqx020008@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Certs required to send mail 
To: "Vernon Schryver"  <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 16:30:22 +0000

>
>
>> > And if everybody were a nice person, we would not have this problem.
>
>> >If certs were required to send mail, then we'd have big ISPs
>> distributing
>> >CDROMs labelled "4000 free hours" and automatically issuing certs
>> >along with user names and passwords.  There would be no change from
>> >the current situation, except that the commercial CAs would have
>> >another revenue stream.
>
>> The feasibility would hang on a CA issuing certs only subject to
>> strict T&C, taking responsibility for revoking in the case of
>demonstrated
>> violation of that T&C and for client software to correctly consult
>> revocation
>> lists.  The technology for this is all well-understood but there doesn't
>> seem to be a body in place offering this facility. But I'm not proposing
>> such a system - that's for others with more expertise in this area. And
>> besides,
>> its a business problem rather than a technical one.
>
>No, Dave's response was on target.  If ISPs would enforce strict T&C,
>there would be no spam.  User names and passwords are required to send
>spam, and ISPs could terminate accounts for spamming.  Expecting ISPs
>to revoke certs for spam when they now refuse to termiante accounts
>for spam makes no sense.

NO, begging your pardon, you're mistaking me - I commented that a *CA* 
(not necc. an *ISP*) revoking a Cert would be required to make something 
like this work.  I know that applications have failed to check back up 
certificate chains for revocation, but if this were done then an ISP would
be unlikely to risk their cert by signing spammers certs.  

Please by all means argue with what I said, but it's most unfair to shoot
me down for saying something that I did not in fact say.

I'm not sure whether this is feasible at all. I don't claim any special
knowledge in this area.


>
>There is essentailly no spam that is not ultimately the responsibility
>of an ISP that is trivial for spam targets with minimal technical
>clues to identify.
>
>
>Similarly, every spammer's web pages are hosted by an ISP that could
>enforce T&C's against spam.
>
>This applies to open proxies.  Essentially all ISPs prohibit running
>open proxies.  Spam whose original ISP is hidden by an open proxy
>could be stopped by the second ISP enforcing its T&C against open
>proxies.


Yes absolutely, and there's currently no sanction against rogue ISPs
except blacklisting.

You implied that the use of certs could have no impact on this issue,
I merely pointed out how it *might*.

I'm sorry that I didn't make myself clear enough.
I hope this helps.



 




--
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] FC: Will new "spam reduction" service result in... more spam?
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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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On Tuesday, March 25, 2003, at 06:13  AM, Kee Hinckley wrote:

>

> Why is not clear to me is a) how anyone expects your typical user to 
> whitelist commercial addresses and mailing lists in advance

I think there has to be a responsibility here for the commercial sender 
to help the user figure this out. In fact, it's one of the issues I'm 
mulling over in revamping system documentation on my lists and other 
things. we're now seeing enough challenges that we have to find a way 
to help users figure this out. (FWIW, we don't respond to challenges. 
We've talked it over and decided if the user hasn't whitelisted us, we 
shouldn't validate from the outside. we ring the bell, we don't turn 
the knob. To me, the risks of validating a whitelist and upsetting 
someone are a lot worse than the risks of someone under a whitelist 
expecting to get a subscription and no realizing why it's not 
happening.)

We're probably going to add language explaining whitelisting issues to 
our stuff down the road, since t seems like whitelists are starting to 
be used fairly widely and I expect that trend to continue.

> 1 User sends email to asrg-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe
> 2 Think quick.  What address should you whitelist?  asrg@ietf.org? 
> asrg-request@ietf.org?  Nope.  asrg-admin@ietf.org.  And you knew that 
> because...?

Because I read the FAQ, and it told me.

> And if you start sending challenges to those--Amazon's going to see 
> them as bounces and dump me.
>
> Of course we could just whitelist all of amazon.com.  But I rather 
> suspect the spammers might figure that one out.

So amazon has to figure out whitelists, too, and help people understand 
what addresses things will come from. With a foot on both sides of this 
cashm, I really feel the sender of this mail shouldn't put the burden 
of responsibility on the user here. They need to help them out.

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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'Alan DeKok'" <aland@freeradius.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics 
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 11:54:07 -0500

"Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com> wrote:
>  The reasons that I do not release my numbers is that, if I tell all of
you
> how good or how bad my numbers are, I may become a target by a spammer
that
> either a) Wants to take me on as a personal conquest, or b) Accepts my
> percentage of spam that I let through as "acceptable".

  I wasn't proposing to make the names public.  A trusted source can
reasonably be expected to gather the statistics and analyse them,
without compromising privacy.

---- Ok. Who? My own mother is just barely above suspect. (just kidding, my
mom puts me on spam lists all the time.. thanks for the internet greeting
card and joke-of-the-day mom!)

>  I am VERY familiar with the spam problem. I am not sure what statistics
> gathering is going to accomplish, other than justify the continued use of
> spam as a marketing tool.

  <sigh> That's why the statistics I was asking for were at the MTA
end, and were focussed on the scope of the current problem, and the
cost and effectiveness of their current solutions.

  There was NOTHING in what I wrote which could be construed as to
measure the effectiveness of spam as a marketing tool.

---- Regardless of how the information is "meant" to be used. Any spammer
can point at these numbers and say- 50% of our junk is getting through <best
Homer voice> Whoo Hoo!. 
 Don't get me wrong, I understand the intent, but the moment you publish the
numbers, every news service in the world is going to pick them up and run
with it. Especially if the data is comprehensive. I would like to know how
exactly do we plan to compile and distribute the information. 
  

> Will it help us obtain our goal? I don't think so because it
> contains no differentiating research and no control sets.

  My goal in collecting statistics would be to get a quantitative
indication of WHERE in the network spam is a problem, and HOW MUCH of
a problem it currently is.  Without those statistics, we will have NO
BASIS for measuring the effectiveness of any solution.  Therefore, we
will also have no basis for comparing the solutions, or for knowing
when we've "solved" the problem.

  As for "control sets", they're irrelevant to the question of "how
bad is the problem".  We wouldn't ask 10 ISP's for their input on
spam, and then not ask another 10 as a "control set".  That
methodology is nonsensical.

---- I believe that you are not looking at control sets in the correct
light. In ANY scientific study you MUST have control sets or the information
is invalid. I submit to you that a control set would be anyone that has no
anti-spam functionality.
 So, your numbers would be compared to the control set. i.e. An entire
domain with no users that accepts all email (honeypot) would be sufficient I
think.

 Control Set = 100% spam getting through.
 Filtering Alone = blocks X%
 Heuristics = blocks Z%
 and so on....

 Now, if you only base your numbers on what anti-spam systems are doing, but
you have no idea if the actual flow has diminished, it would make look as if
the anti-spam component did a wonderful job that day.


Regards,
Damon Sauer







  Alan DeKok.
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 10:04:30 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>

> ...
> >No, Dave's response was on target.  If ISPs would enforce strict T&C,
> >there would be no spam.  User names and passwords are required to send
> >spam, and ISPs could terminate accounts for spamming.  Expecting ISPs
> >to revoke certs for spam when they now refuse to termiante accounts
> >for spam makes no sense.
>
> NO, begging your pardon, you're mistaking me - I commented that a *CA* 
> (not necc. an *ISP*) revoking a Cert would be required to make something 
> like this work.  I know that applications have failed to check back up 
> certificate chains for revocation, but if this were done then an ISP would
> be unlikely to risk their cert by signing spammers certs.  
>
> Please by all means argue with what I said, but it's most unfair to shoot
> me down for saying something that I did not in fact say.
>
> I'm not sure whether this is feasible at all. I don't claim any special
> knowledge in this area.

> ...
> Yes absolutely, and there's currently no sanction against rogue ISPs
> except blacklisting.
>
> You implied that the use of certs could have no impact on this issue,
> I merely pointed out how it *might*.

I didn't understand that the idea was to have CAs revoke the certs of
ISPs when ISPs failed to revoke the certs or terminate the accounts
of spammers.  However, that is even more implausible than expecting
ISPs to start terminating spammers.  UUNet won't terminate its small
resellers that cater to Ralsky and friends.  Why would Verisign revoke
UUnet's certs, merely because third parties complain to Verisign about
getting spam from UUNet's customers?

You must "follow the money" in any proposed solution.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: "Vernon Schryver"  <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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>>
>> You implied that the use of certs could have no impact on this issue,
>> I merely pointed out how it *might*.
>
>I didn't understand that the idea was to have CAs revoke the certs of
>ISPs when ISPs failed to revoke the certs or terminate the accounts
>of spammers.  However, that is even more implausible than expecting
>ISPs to start terminating spammers.  UUNet won't terminate its small
>resellers that cater to Ralsky and friends.  Why would Verisign revoke
>UUnet's certs, merely because third parties complain to Verisign about
>getting spam from UUNet's customers?
>

Well, a better question is why would [ISP name here] buy a certificate
from [CA name here]
with which to sign it's subscribers mail certs (and risk having it revoked
if
they don't revoke subscribers) ?

A. Because (many users at) Hotmail and AOL don't accept mail without it.
(in my fantasy)

See? Following the money. Also (as I've said) a "business" rather
than a "technical" problem. I'm not qualified to judge the business case 
for this - you?

Anyway signing at the ISP is probably cheaper to deploy.
I believe there has been discussion of signing in transport (received
headers?) .

I don't understand why there's this almost "religious" objection to
proposals
based on signing - I guess that that shows how little I understand this
"culture" .

Incidentally, which of "the man"s categories should this thread belong in?
Or should it go off list?















>You must "follow the money" in any proposed solution.
>
>
>Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
>





--
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Jon,
Tuesday, March 25, 2003, 9:32:23 AM, you wrote:
JK> A. Because (many users at) Hotmail and AOL don't accept mail without it.
JK> (in my fantasy)

let's assume that getting them to adopt the mechanism would, in fact,
make the mechanism useful.

have you ever tried to sell anything to either of those two
organizations?  they are predictably unresponsive.  (that's not a
criticism of them, merely an observed fact.)

and pure logic or predictions of the future are not persuasive
arguments.  they need to see very, very high likelihood -- read:
certainty -- that they will directly and immediately benefit from the
change.


JK> I don't understand why there's this almost "religious" objection to
JK> proposals
JK> based on signing

it is not religious.  it is the result of 10 years of direct experience
trying to get large-scale cert-based systems deployed... unsuccessfully.


JK>  - I guess that that shows how little I understand this
JK> "culture" .

it's true that some standards groups tend to ignore experience.  the
ietf commits that sin -- to use a religious reference -- sometimes, but
we try not to.

d/














>>You must "follow the money" in any proposed solution.
>>
>>
>>Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
>>_______________________________________________
>>Asrg mailing list
>>Asrg@ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>>
>>





JK> --
JK> _______________________________________________
JK> Asrg mailing list
JK> Asrg@ietf.org
JK> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 10:08:23 -0800

> I didn't understand that the idea was to have CAs revoke the certs of
> ISPs when ISPs failed to revoke the certs or terminate the accounts
> of spammers.  However, that is even more implausible than expecting
> ISPs to start terminating spammers.  UUNet won't terminate its small
> resellers that cater to Ralsky and friends.  Why would Verisign revoke
> UUnet's certs, merely because third parties complain to Verisign about
> getting spam from UUNet's customers?

VeriSign could only revoke a certificate if either the user had obtained
the certificate fraudulently or had broken the terms of the contract.

This has happened in a number of cases. In one case two certificates
was obtained through fraud and were revoked. In a second case a
certificate was legitimately obtained by an individual who constructed
a malicious Active-X control.

It is not necessary however for the certificate to be revoked or for
the CA to provide the revocation data. In one model a third party
provides attribute certificates that state 'XYZ is a dirty no good
spammer'. In another they simply use OCSP to report status.

I'll be sending out a revised version of NoSpam that describes 
some extended strategies.


ObDisclaimer: VeriSign has issued and pending patents that relate
to certain implementations of this technology.

Observation: We are in the business of selling certificates,
actually certificate management infrastructure services and 
not patent squatting or even patent licensing so don't assume 
apriori that licensing terms will be unacceptable.


		Phill
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 11:14:05 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>

> ..
> Well, a better question is why would [ISP name here] buy a certificate
> from [CA name here]
> with which to sign it's subscribers mail certs (and risk having it revoked
> if
> they don't revoke subscribers) ?
>
> A. Because (many users at) Hotmail and AOL don't accept mail without it.
> (in my fantasy)
>
> See? Following the money. Also (as I've said) a "business" rather
> than a "technical" problem. I'm not qualified to judge the business case 
> for this - you?
> ..

You are qualified to judge the cases that matter to us.  You and I
might not be able to say much about the revenue stream that Verisign
is after, but we can certainly judge the business case for AOL and
Hotmail or AOL and Hotmail users refusing mail from [ISP name here]
because of a lack of a certificate.  We can't know dollar figures,
but we can predict the conclusions of the people in charge from
what they've already decided in essentially identical cases.

If certificates could do as you've proposed, then AOL, Hotmail, and/or
their users could just reject by the IP address or domain name of [ISP
name here] in envelope, header, or body (e.g. URLs).  If there could
be any risk to the cert of [ISP name here], then there would be the
same risk to it's IP address and domain name.

What is the practical difference between the BGP feed of the RBL+ 
and any certifcate system?  Think of an IP address as a certificate.
The IP address of the SMTP client is unique and practically unforgable.
[ISP name here] risks being cut off by not dealing with its spammers
and being listed in the RBL.
(The BGP feed of the RBL+ causes listed outfits to disappear from
the Internet as seen by subscribers.)

Yes, I know the RBL has not ended spam.  The reasons are not
mysterious and apply to all of the propsed certificate or other
authentication schemes.

It's discouraging that people are still saying that authentication
would fix spam years after common MUAs (e.g. Netscape) can send and
check signatures and/or keys and SMTP-AUTH, SUBMIT, and SMTP-TLS are
universally available.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 25 Mar 2003 11:54:07 EST."
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 08:15:08 -0500

"Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com> wrote:
> Regardless of how the information is "meant" to be used. Any spammer
> can point at these numbers and say- 50% of our junk is getting through <best
> Homer voice> Whoo Hoo!. 

  Do we really care about the opinions of spammers?

> I believe that you are not looking at control sets in the correct
> light. In ANY scientific study you MUST have control sets or the information
> is invalid.

  Nonsense.  Data collection doesn't require control sets.

  Data *analysis* may use control sets, but even that depends on how
you analyze the data.  There is no control set required to analyze the
data gathered from asking "how much spam is received by your domain?"

> I submit to you that a control set would be anyone that has no
> anti-spam functionality.

  Even that would be just one more data point in the collection, and
not necessarily a control set.

  And that's a pretty bad control set.  Why not use the same people
for data and control sets?  Collect data while they're filtering spam,
and then collect data while they're not.  Such a methodology is
significantly better than what you're proposing.

>  So, your numbers would be compared to the control set. i.e. An entire
> domain with no users that accepts all email (honeypot) would be sufficient I
> think.

  I think I'll stop here.  I *completely* disagree with your opinions
on data collection and analysis methodology.  I'll appeal to
authority, and let my background as a published nuclear physicist
stand for itself.

  Alan DeKok.
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--==_Exmh_1053383496P
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On Tue, 25 Mar 2003 17:32:23 GMT, Jon Kyme said:
> See? Following the money. Also (as I've said) a "business" rather
> than a "technical" problem. I'm not qualified to judge the business case 
> for this - you?

I believe Douglas Adams had a nice quote about "how many philosophers had
come up with many explanations for mankind's unhappiness, most of which
involved the movement of small green pieces of paper - which was odd, as
in general it wasn't the small green pieces of paper that were unhappy".

AOL and Hotmail aren't gonna do *SQUAT* with certs unless it's clearly
demonstrated to them how it will help their small green pieces of paper
in *THIS* quarter's SEC filings.  Stockholders don't seem to be interested
in the long-term prospects, why should upper management?

> I don't understand why there's this almost "religious" objection to
> proposals
> based on signing - I guess that that shows how little I understand this
> "culture" .

The problem is that even those of us who *believe* in crypto are having a
hard time seeing how to jump-start the PKI on the scale needed to stop
spam.  I sign stuff, and I've advocated that the next release of Sendmail
be shipped to by default advertise STARTTLS (generating a self-signed cert
with openssl if needed) just to piss the Echelon people off.

That doesn't mean I know how we can launch either a PGP or x.509 PKI that's
sufficiently large, robust, *AND* trustworthy to be useful as a one-stop
fix for spam.

The problem is that there's *three* requirements up there, and people want to
make it a solution.  What we seem to be lacking is a general understanding
that any anti-spam solution is going to be "chinese menu - pick one from column
A, B, and C".

A nice column-B ruleset:  If it's signed by a cert that's strong enough to
link it to a person or business entity, it's probably not spam. If it isn't
signed, see column A and C.

A bad column-B ruleset: If it's not signed by a cert, reject/spam/whatever it.

See the difference?

--==_Exmh_1053383496P
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From: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Protocols
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Kee,

Tuesday, March 25, 2003, 6:34:54 AM, you wrote:
KH> Currently the process of sending email from point a to point b does
KH> not involve any protocols.  Yes, the transport does--but from the MUA
KH> to MUA standpoint there is no back and forth protocol.  You toss 
KH> message over wall.  Sometime later, someone gets it.  This is 
KH> completely one way.

Ahh.  So all those services that use one-way UDP mechanisms are not
protocols?

A protocol does not require closed-loop communication.  A protocol is a
set of rules for exchange.  Nothing requires that the exchange be 2-way.

Anything that involves standardized exchange from an originator to a
recipient is a protocol.


KH>  Yes, there are two exceptions to the 
KH> rule--bounces and return-receipts.

closed-loop issues also include replies.  open-jaw (multi-user)
scenarios include forwarding and redirection.


KH> I've seen a lot of proposals.  But I don't believe I've seen any of
KH> them discuss failure modes.

an extremely point to raise.  thank you.

adoption sequence (and dependencies) and failure behavior are probably
the two most important perspectives to evaluate for any new scheme.  it
is almost always true that the scenario for steady-state operation with
a large-scale set of well-behaved participants is not the challenge.


d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 10:59:55 -0800

On Tue, Mar 25, 2003 at 09:13:46AM -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 5:32 PM -0800 3/24/03, Brad Templeton wrote:
> If a challenge response system puts messages in the "look at me 
> later" queue if you don't respond, then I don't think spammers will 
> care.  (And it's not clear that you'll be that much happier as a user 
> of the system.  You will have to scan the queue.)

Any challenge/response system has to put the unresponded messages into a
queue to look at later.  However mine simply mails me a summary at the end
of the day of messages not responded to for over 2 days.  This summary is
just headers and a few lines of body.  You pick any messages you want from
it and they are delivered.  The summary is sorted by spam-score.  I could
use a fancy spam scorer but a very simple one works pretty well.

So on the occasions when somebody does not respond, or mailing list mail comes
in, it shows in the summary and always in the top.  If I were to improve the
UI it would just mean a quick click to correct the mailing list.

It works very well, and as noted I have been running it with success for
six years, and almost no spam gets through it.   I get 240 spam/day
delivered to it.   I don't find it much of a burden at all to browse the summary
once a day.  In fact, it's somewhat amusing since I am interested in spam
trends.

There is a psychological reason for this.  As a heavy email user, I read
mail all day long, so spam is a constant interruption.   When it's once a day,
the attitude is very different.  It's like my paper mailbox, which also gets
lots of junk mail.   Once a day I take it in, hold it over the garbage pail,
and drop the junk mail and take my real mail.   Like most people, I never
felt it was enough of an annoyance worth reworking the postal service over.



> Why is not clear to me is a) how anyone expects your typical user to 
> whitelist commercial addresses and mailing lists in advance and b) 
> how a challenge response system (which had *better* respond to 
> envelope from) avoids getting them removed from said list, or not 
> receiving notification about their purchase or what not.

No autoresponder should respond to a bulk message at all.  No, users will
not whitelist their mailing lists, but my system works reasonably well.

Of course, there is another alternative which also works well at least in
newsgroups, which is to use a filtered address to post to newsgroups and
an unfiltered for mail you send out to everything but mailing lists.  Mailing
lists are a problem.  One would like to use the "public" address in mailing
them, but it's a pain to configure most lists to take mail from an address
other than the one you subscribe under.  Because, the irony not being lost, of
spam.
> 
> Just consider the following.
> 
> 1 User sends email to asrg-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe
> 2 Think quick.  What address should you whitelist?  asrg@ietf.org? 
> asrg-request@ietf.org?  Nope.  asrg-admin@ietf.org.  And you knew 
> that because...?

I think this is a hard problem. Some try to solve it but you can't do it
entirely by looking at outgoing subscribes.  Many people subscribe via
the web.

Another good thing you can do is notice patterns to spot possible mailing
lists you have joined on incoming mail.

> 4.1 A challenge gets sent back to the asrg list.  The result depends 
> on a combination of how the list software works and how the challenge 
> software constructed its reply.

No, only broken autoresponders, which should be taken off the list, would
challenge list mail with a proper Precedence header.

(Oddly, most spammers don't put on proper precedence headers, and if you want
to, you can temporarily use that as an indication of non-spam!)


You won't convince me a challenge/response system won't work, because I have
been using one with great success for 6 years.  It's not a matter of
opinion.  However, they do have flaws, and handling legit mailing lists is one
of them -- they are the killer in almost all spam systems.  They also
have trouble with anonymous mail, which goes into the review queue.

However, I would strongly oppose a challenge/response system without a
regular summary of the blocked mail.  In fact, all spam systems should offer
one.  They can sort it by spam score, and make it infrequent, but it should
always be there.   If your mail is to be blocked, you should know it, and
there should be a way to detect bugs and errors in the blocking software.
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 11:08:22 -0800

On Tue, Mar 25, 2003 at 08:58:29AM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> No, Dave's response was on target.  If ISPs would enforce strict T&C,
> there would be no spam.  User names and passwords are required to send
> spam, and ISPs could terminate accounts for spamming.  Expecting ISPs
> to revoke certs for spam when they now refuse to termiante accounts
> for spam makes no sense.

One can make this case, but I have always felt the IETF's broader goal was
suport of an end-to-end internet.  As such, ISPs are just there to route
packets, not to enforce policy.   Can we attain that 100%?  Probably not,
but we certainly want to try.

The irony of this is amazing.  I remember one day on slashdot there were
two highly active threads.  One was about the value of the end to end
principle, and the other was about a UDP for the largest australian ISP which had
too many spammers on it.  (Blocking all usenet postings from the ISP, even
from the innocent users.)

All day long most of us decry when ISPs and firewalls take policy steps, trying
to ban certain protocols, putting in secret proxies, stopping you from
natting, and we tell them they should worry about their core business, which
is routing packets quickly and reliably.   Then when their downstreams
do something we don't like, we blame them for non-enforcement.

I'm not saying we might not, in the end, have to give up some of the end
to end principle to stop spam.  But we should do so kicking and screaming.
_______________________________________________
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To: "'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RE: My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it went
 badly!)
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 10:14:48 -0800 (PST)

Well considering your responses off list and after rereading my message, I 
guess I did go too far and apologize for doing so on the list, I'll try to 
restrain myself next time. But you should understand I was not the first 
one to start name-calling, there was nothing like that in my original 
email but it was well present in Paul's and he also provided some 
information that was factually incorrect about what happened and I had to 
let it be known, I probably should have just gone with the facts and be 
done with it, next time I will. Again I apologize for going as far as I 
did in the 2nd email and this really will be my last email on this subject,
I'll now work on more constructive things as far as current list work items go.

On Mon, 24 Mar 2003 william@elan.net wrote:

> > 
> > I usually would not take the time to respond to obviously flawed and
> > erroneous statements. 
> 
> Well, I do appreciate you finally responding, most of us thought you would not 
> and let it die which might actually have been better for you and for the list.
> 
> Note though, that I never post "obviously flowed and erroneous" statements.
> And I also clearly said in the subject and in several other places that
> this was my opinion and nothing more. 
> 
> > However, for the sake of persons on this list that do
> > not know the details, I will spend just a few minutes stating the truth
> > here.  As stated by Vernon Schryver: "I must observe that some of the
> > strongest condemnations in the list of whatever happened at the meeting came
> > from people who have made the some of the less well founded contributions to
> > the mailing list.  From here I can't tell what happened, but I wonder if
> > sour grape sentiments from some people about their favorite solutions not
> > being adopted by acclamation colored other people's perceptions and so
> > reports of the meeting." Based on this and other responses, I fear that
> > without some clarity, others will continue to be confused by the few
> > radical, negative opinions that have been voiced. There were over 200
> > attendees and based on the positive feedback that I have heard, I do not
> > believe that the couple of negative opinions is an accurate reflection of
> > the thoughts of the attendees.
> 
> And based on my personal observations and talking to dozen attendies in 
> person and more by email and even more that expressed their opinion on 
> this list, everybody thought the meeting did not go that well. The opinion 
> have been in range fom "very bad" to "some problems", none have said it was 
> "good". So if you put it on scale bad - neutral - good, what I have seen 
> in regards to how meeting happened ranged from bad to neutral but never 
> above that. I believe that the persons who have seen the meeting as good 
> would not be the persons associated with IETF.
> 
> > William, I am sorry that you are so upset that you were not able to present
> > at the meeting; however, that should not drive you to making clearly false
> > accusations about the meeting. 
> 
> While I might have been upset about not being able to make presentation,
> after seeing what happened I'm now actually quite happy about that fact, 
> since people who I wanted to present it to all left by the time we got to 
> technical presentations. I believe my sentiment is shared even by those 
> who did make a presentation, most would prefer to do be able to do it 
> again and in another format of the meeting!
> 
> But my opinion about the meeting is irregardless of my presentation and 
> would have been exactly the same (or even worse) if I did make it. It is 
> based on actual presentations that were made and how meeting turned out, 
> not on those that were not made!
> 
> I'm sorry if you see me as making any accusations especially considering 
> that you say that I'm making "clearly false" accusations, which in my view 
> is "clearly" not the case. (note: clearly and false is left to be defined 
> by the person reading the message for both your email and mine). Everything I 
> said is exactly my view on what happened and I'm not about to take 
> anything back.
> 
> > I sent a call for agenda items to the list on March 10th. There were a few
> > volunteers. I spoke with each of them and by March 12th each was able to
> > explain to me what they wished to present. For some reason, you were not
> > able to provide a clear explanation of what you wished to present until 3
> > days before the meeting on Monday March 17th;
> 
> The above answer statement in my view is "clearly false" (see defintion on 
> these words above) and also not inline with the facts I've available.
> 
> As for the facts, I sent you answer that I wish to send a presentation on 
> March 11th. If something I said was not clear enough for you, you 
> obviously had an option to respond to my email or ask for phone# to talk 
> to me, you decided to opt out and not send any answer at all.
> 
> The only reply (two lines, to provide more details about presentation) from 
> you I received was on March 17th. It read "William, I'm working on putting
> the agenda together. Can you be more specific about what you would want 
> to cover". The date is listed in my inbox as "Mon, 17 Mar 2003 03:57:41 -0500"
> There were no other attempts to contact me before 17th and clearly agenda 
> was not even prepared before then.
> 
> > "I'v[e] not 100% decided if I'll be able to attend". At this point, the
> > agenda was being finalized. Then suddenly two days before the meeting you
> > request a slot on the agenda.
> 
> And the same email also said "I'll decide by tomorrow if I go or not". I 
> was going to think about it and send you additional email but wanted to 
> answer your question on what I'd be presenting since I considered that to 
> be most important and not to be delayed. And indeed by the next day I sent 
> an additional email that said "I'm attending IETF after all, so I'll be at 
> asrg session."
> 
> Afterwards you claim that you have not received my email (you would 
> have seen it on Tuesday March 18th), but on the same day there were 
> messages in asrg to which I've responded which clearly show that I've 
> made a decision and was attending and as I was indicating in previous 
> email that my answer on if I'm attending or not would be send to you 
> be well known by Tuesday, this also should have been a good indication 
> that you might have missed my email if that is indeed what happened as
> you claim. 
> 
> In fact you main basis on why my presentation is not included when I 
> finally talked to you in person on Wednesday (and I was waiting to talk to 
> you on Tuesday night, but you did not show up) was that you did not 
> receive that email. I do understand that some people are really busy with 
> email and have lots of them (I for one have > 150,000 emails in my inbox)
> but the above description puts that fact in doubt. But I might have been 
> content with your answer if all presentations made good and on topic, but 
> I was very concerned when I saw the agenda (finally posted to the list on 
> Wednesday, but that time I already had slides for presentations prepared 
> and sent them to you!) being dominated by commercial-oriented companies, 
> and I'v made my opinion known to you privately when I finally had a chance
> to talk to you. After the fact and seeing the meeting in realtime 
> I'm sure my concerns were exactly right which made me somehat worried 
> about what system was used to determine what is to be presented - that is 
> what I've indicated in my email to the list.
> 
> And Paul, do note that all facts regarding my presentation being accepted 
> or not and how are all in my favor and generally not point to me doing 
> anything wrong. I suggest you withdraw from the discussion and just admit 
> that as group chair you made a decision on what presentations would be 
> included based on your view on what presentions should be included 
> in the meeting. As a group chair you have full right to make these 
> decisions and I'm not disputing this. 
> 
> > Please see my comments inline.
> > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: william@elan.net [mailto:william@elan.net]
> > > Sent: Thursday, March 20, 2003 5:13 PM
> > > To: asrg@ietf.org
> > > Subject: [Asrg] My Opinion regarding ietf asrg session (it
> > > went badly!)
> > 
> > > Also it can be noted that AT&T presented technology
> > > on which 
> > > they have some patents and IETF has very clear guidelines 
> > > that this is 
> > > dscoraged to say the least and group chairs should when two solutions 
> > > exist (one patented, one not) always choose non-patented 
> > > solution, same 
> > > applies for presentations, this should have been screened and 
> > > patent-related presentation made available if nothing else 
> > > similar exist.
> > 
> > As stated in Vern Paxson's email: "the IRTF does not have an expressed IPR
> > policy, though it appears one needs to be developed.  I picture such a
> > policy requiring that, for any technology discussed within RGs that has
> > related IPR, that the presence of the possible IPR be disclosed; but not
> > beyond that.  The AT&T presentation would be in compliance with such a
> > policy."
> 
> Clearly my problem was that since I've never worked at IRTF group before, 
> some policies here were not known to me and due to irtf website being 
> undeveloped right now it would have been hard for me to find this and I'v 
> assumed that most that is true for IETF is true for IETF (except that 
> IETF works on standards and clear pre-defined goal on what protocol or 
> similar would be and IRTF "researches the issue" to decided futher steps but 
> can not actually provide any stadards).
> 
> As to the issues with IPR, I'v already posted separate email today what I 
> think we should do in this regard. And questions about IPR were raised 
> before on the list also before and never got any official response from you
> or anybody else.
>  
> > > Also have to be noted that most presentations on the live
> > > meeting were by 
> > > persons who did not try to participate at the mailing list 
> > > and are completely unknown to us 
> > 
> > Unknown to whom? There a number of people that you may not know that have a
> > unique understanding of spam. Who is it that you don't know? John Morris?
> > Jon Praed? Philip Hallam-Baker? Balachander Krishnamurthy? 
> 
> Its kind of funny when you say that since when talking to you day before 
> the presentation I made it clear I actually know most of the mentioned people
> (I may not remember everyone personally, but I know the organizations) and 
> can imagine what they would present based on presentations done for other 
> events and I was not seriously wrong.
> 
> As to exactly what I said is that these people are uknown to people on 
> ASRG mail list as they did not participate here. Obviously as the 
> persons listed are experts in spam (which I do not doubt) it would be of
> most interest for us to have them participate here, but it was not the 
> case and as such it was clearly their choice on how much involvement with 
> this group they want. At least it would have been appropriate for them to 
> introduce themselve to the list before the meeting and the agenda was 
> posted.
> 
> > > and this is also against
> > > general policies for IETF and IRTF 
> > > as first what are supposed to be presented are work done as 
> > > part of mailing list efforts (i.e. general work area) usually 
> > > by people who are most active on the list and only afterwards 
> > > at the very end are there allowed presentations by other 
> > > organizations with similar interest or work area (and those 
> > > presentations should be carefully chose to minimize 
> > > commercial views). 
> > 
> > As you know, I sent a call for agenda items. Everyone that responded and had
> > something to talk about was accepted.
> 
> I'v no way to confirm that except by your words, but have some facts 
> indicating this is not so.
> 
> > Commercial views were very minimized if not non-existent. 
> 
> I'v different view of this as from what I saw every organization was 
> presenting what is important to them. The word "commercial" may not be the 
> most approriate here as for example legal presentation is not commercial 
> but basicly nothing presentated was research-group approved, you did 
> presentation of general anti-spam conference that tries to describe how 
> hard situation is and what are the view of various organizations (such as 
> legit mass mailers, legal, goverment, etc). And nothing of this was really 
> "research" just their view on the matter at hand.
> 
> But all tech presentations were for "commercialized" solutions, i.e. 
> certificates, stamps, etc. often involving patents and so on. I'v personally
> (again repeat personally) do not like solutions that are like that.
> 
> > There were a number of commercial entities in the room
> > that talked about the problem and not about a product. Again, these may be
> > people that you don't personally know, but they are very familiar with the
> > problem. For example, Scott Banister from IronPort, Dick Hardt from
> > ActiveState, Ken Schneider from BrightMail, Karl Jacob from CloudMark, and
> > me and others from CipherTrust.
> 
> Most companies mentioned (including yours) make anti-spam solutions based 
> on filtering on the client end and I recorgine your contributions in this 
> area, however the reasons for ASRG is to find end-end solution that would 
> as most agree involve some kind of change in communication system that 
> involves both source and destination and change so that spam is not sent. 
> These solutions might possibly in the future remove need for destination 
> filtering or replace it with something else (though I suspect this will 
> have to be used anyway no matter how well we're able to protect improper 
> communication from happening) and may cause actions solutions that 
> diminish need for such solutions that you currently make. But I seriously 
> do not think this is a problem, as most people involved in anti-spam 
> companies are real really really against spam and the reasons why they got 
> involved in the first place, so it may very well be true that all of you 
> are quite capable of going against your own business if it means eliminating
> spam! But again as I said, most of these commercial solutions are for 
> anti-spam filtering on client end, and while this is important, it is not 
> main issue of what we're talking on the list and as solutions are often 
> quite similar only one of these "filtering" presentations should be made 
> (this is for the future...) and best by somebody who're somewhat outside 
> and can give overview of not just what one company does but several.
> 
> However that people in the above companies have such personal views of 
> spam unfortunetly might have caused an counter-effect and seriously 
> prolong the meeting by having everyone engaged in the discussion instead 
> of trying to stay on agenda which did not provide any time for discussions.
> That you knew these people personally only made things worse as you were 
> not ready to say no to them and stop the discussions. 
> 
> This is probably something to remember for the future - either provide 
> time (5min) for discussion after each presentation of do not allow for any 
> discusssions and be strong on this point. I'd opt for 5 min personally, 
> just add to agenda next time its done.
> 
> > There was absolutely no mention of these
> > products or any proprietary technology from any of these companies. These
> > are people that are at the meeting to participate in a research group
> > focused on the problem of spam. BTW, you might want to think about the
> > amount of spam that is stopped daily by these companies. 
> 
> And I might think about that amount of spamming getting through is rising 
> as technologies used by spammers become more complex and filtering on 
> content no longer works all that well. We must focus on technologies that 
> eliminate spam from the source if possible.
> 
> > Not to promote any
> > of these particular technologies, but my point is that we are quite familiar
> > with the problem and the state-of-the-art and we gather here to move forward
> > with better answers to the problem.
> >
> >  
> > > In short, like I said in previous email - the presentations were all
> > > opinions of particular organizations and all commercial (even 
> > > spamcon is 
> > > really what I call "commercial" non-profit foundation, as 
> > > apposed to say 
> > > CAUSE) and were not individual submission as is supposed to 
> > > be done at 
> > > IETF and IRTF. As a result engineers who were attending IETF probably 
> > > got negative view of our group and our efforts. 
> > 
> > These were presentations by individuals. The fact that many of the people
> > that have much to say about spam are affiliated with spam-focused
> > organizations is not a surprise.
> 
> Most spam-focused companies are really the work of several very dedicated 
> individuals for each organization, I fully recorgnize that. However if 
> you're familiar with IETF you'll undetand what I mean when I say there is 
> a difference between individual presenting something and organizations 
> presenting something and all presentations were clearly organization views
> be those organizations mass-mailers, legal, etc.
> 
> > > The only
> > > thing I can think 
> > > of why chair did something like that would have been to get 
> > > media exposure, I'm sure media not be research or engineering 
> > > centric would not see 
> > > serious downsides that I have noticed. Now I'n not against additional 
> > > media exposure, but I do not believe we're at the point where this is 
> > > really needed, what we need are people serious about working 
> > > on technical 
> > > solutions and media will provide information about our group 
> > > to general 
> > > user audience that would only bring more noise. 
> > 
> > I tapped resources to provide background discussion and different views of
> > the problem as input to our research group work. This included a view from
> > the frontline, a view from mass mailers, a view related to endusers and a
> > view of the relationship between spam legislation and spam technology. Each
> > of these individuals was highly qualified and very informative. There were
> > remarks about the scientific merit of some of the stats in the first talk.
> > However, beyond that the audience was captivated by the information that was
> > being dispersed.
> 
> In part because you'v spent serious time promoting this group in the media 
> which caused number of people in the audience for whom this was "facinating"
> as well as even more people from the media. Anybody who has seen the
> list of all the media articles about ASRG which you saw kindly collected at
> http://www.ciphertrust.com/press/news/index.htm would understand what I mean.
> 
> > As I explained, this was the inaugural meeting of the
> > research group that was started just three weeks ago. 
> 
> As I mentione below, I think there should not have been life meeting so 
> soon after group start.
> 
> > I felt that we needed
> > to consume some background information before we dive into the technical
> > details of our work. This session of the meeting including all four of these
> > talks was scheduled for 45 minutes; that is less than 1/3 of the scheduled
> > meeting time. Yes, it went over this time due to lengthy Q&A, speakers
> > overrunning their slots, and the chair not being extremely stringent on time
> > requirements. If you want to point out any of those last three things, those
> > are valid points. However, scheduling 1/3 of an inaugural meeting to focus
> > on background and relevant views of the area is acceptable and necessary.
> 
> Indeed I mentioned all of the above. And 1/3 of the time would be ok, but 
> we saw what happened... I think for next time considering asking IETF to 
> schedule this in two sessions (purely "informational" and purely technical 
> - solutions) and not only that but consider making these sessions on 
> separate days and last session in a day so that we could stay longer.
> 
> > I received many more positive comments after the meeting than I did negative
> > comments from the few people on this list with other ideas about how the
> > meeting should have been run. 
> 
> I'd be surprised if these comments came from people on the mailing list or 
> otherwise engaged in IETF work.
> 
> > There were opportunties to bash the agenda
> > when it was sent to the list as well as the official agenda bashing portion
> > of the meeting. 
> 
> This I disagree with you entirely. Agenda was presented 1 day before the 
> meeting. On IETF groups I'm in agenda was presented week or two before the 
> actual meeting. There was absolutly no opportunity to "bash" the agenda on 
> the meeting or on the list.
> 
> > No such comments were made at either point. 
> 
> There were made privately to you by several people who were on the list 
> when they saw the agenda.
> 
> > So, I appreciate
> > the fact that some of you have 20/20 hindsight, but I would be more
> > impressed with useful contributions.
> > 
> > > 
> > > In the future meetings done in connection with IETF (are we
> > > meeting in 
> > > Vienna?) if we're going to have so many non-technical discussions, I 
> > > would strongly recommend separting into two sessions, one for this 
> > > general/media-centric and one for actual engineers to work on 
> > > technical 
> > > issues that we may have. 
> > > 
> > > I do hope chair takes my comments seriously!
> > > He really did a bad job today chosing what is to be presented
> > > (i'm sure he 
> > > had multiple options), 
> > 
> > As stated above, there were not as many options as you assumed. Everyone
> > that had a technical solution to discuss (that made this known more than 2
> > days before the meeting) was allowed to present.
> 
> You know as well as I do that is not true, in fact in your own email you 
> already admitted as much. And on the list we'v seen many other proposed 
> solutions too, I'v hard time believing nobody was read to prepare a 
> presentation for the meeting.
> 
> > > keeping discussions short (so that
> > > there was time 
> > > for additional presentations) 
> > > or in general being prepared 
> > > for this life 
> > > meeting (remember agenda is supposed to be reviewed by mail 
> > > list and be 
> > > announced well before the actual meeting, that is just one example).
> > 
> > RFC 2014 states that a draft agenda must be published to the list well in
> > advance of the meeting. 
> 
> So do it this way next time, please!
> 
> > Your comment about not being prepared is amusing.
> > This group was chartered the last week in February. Within three weeks, the
> > group was announced, mailing list started, work items identified, iterated
> > through drafts of certain work items, meeting during IETF was requested,
> > granted, and scheduled, agenda planned and confirmed, and meeting held. 
> 
> I completely agree with you that there was not enough time. My option in 
> this case would have been to delay first meeting to the next IETF 
> conference when we were more ready.
> 
> > Personally, I am content with the progress thus far. Understand that the
> > research group is three weeks old. Obviously, we will not solve the problem
> > in the first three weeks. But, we have made some progress and will continue
> > to make good strides. Just as I tried to explain to you this week, RFC 2014
> > also states that "A Research Group will conduct much of its business via its
> > electronic mail distribution list(s)." The way that we will continue to make
> > progress is from individual contributions. If you are sincerely interested
> > in helping to solve this problem, then please contribute work and ideas
> > rather than simply negative opinions. You sent a note to the group about
> > email address verification on March 12th stating that more detail will be
> > provided in the next couple of days. More detail was never sent. 
> 
> Actually if you'v really read my email you'd see that I said that more 
> details on callback would be sent later (not on verification!), my notes 
> on verification were almost fully published (see below) I apologize for 
> not sending notes on callback before and will do so by the end of this week.
> 
> As for more details on verification, it was in the presentation which I 
> made available. The particular details not mentioned before are 
> to use message tracking protocol for these purposes. I'm now working on 
> the draft (actually more then one) when draft is ready I'll post it. But 
> actual details are already made available and if you have questions how 
> it would work as far as general overview, please feel free to read 
> presentation and previous notes and ask me questions.
> 
> > I look forward to seeing some actual contributions from you.
> 
> You will. And so I hope as well to see contributions and solutions from 
> you as well, which beyond the taximony you'v not done and have not actively 
> participated in the list that much.
> 
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> Trying to continue this debate on the personal scale like this between us 
> is useless - I'm certain we'll not be able to effect each other's opinion 
> about what happened with the first meeting and if it was good or bad and 
> for others if they have been on the meeting they also have their own 
> opinion and those who were not can not properly accertain it just from our 
> words along. I do, however, hope you took critisicim properly, but we'll 
> only know it on the next meeting.
> 
> And I personally will not remember personal problems for long (I can 
> "heat up" very quickly but just as much it does not stay within me 
> long) and I do not let it to effect my judgement. Plus, I'v a lot more 
> interest in seeing a solution to spam problem then having some personal 
> battle with you or anybody else. So, I'd like us to cool our heads, take 
> step back, relax and be prepared to work for the future. 
> 
> And the most constructive step to this I'v seen today with introduction of 
> "ASRG work items", lets hope others follow it and the list actually 
> becomes productive and not as much "rant" as this email.
> 
> And do note that I'll not reply to any other email on this thread, I'v said
> more then enough, especially considering that this was after all my opinion.
> 
> ----
> William Leibzon
> Elan Communications Inc. 
> william@elan.net

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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Certs required to send mail 
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 10:27:03 -0800 (PST)

But ISPs do terminate accounts for sending unsolicited emails in any kind 
of large number. There is a reason why all spammers have switched to China.

ISPs that don't terminate spammers make it worth for themselve and can not 
get peering from other isps (i.e. remember AGIS?). And if they are buying 
transit, then it becomes responsibility of their upstream to enforce AUP.

You can not hope to stop spammer who just signed up today at large isp,
but large spammers rely on pemanent connections and try their best to hide 
who they are and where they are sending emails from, these should be our 
primary targets for anti-spam propsals (would be nice to have good 
statistics on how much email really comes from those 150 large spammers, 
but I suspect getting reliable statistics on this is impossible).

> No, Dave's response was on target.  If ISPs would enforce strict T&C,
> there would be no spam.  User names and passwords are required to send
> spam, and ISPs could terminate accounts for spamming.  Expecting ISPs
> to revoke certs for spam when they now refuse to termiante accounts
> for spam makes no sense.

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Vernon,

Sunday, March 23, 2003, 2:32:00 PM, you wrote:
VS> The volume of spam is a problem, but only in human attention and not
VS> network bits/second, CPU cycles, or disk space, unless you have 
VS> thousands of users' spam to deal with.

even with spamassassin doing its thing, i find that resulting stream of
downloadable mail, over a dialup, to have enough false-negative spam to
be a problem.

that's strictly subjective, as well as representing only a single user's
experience, but it's important to *me*...

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'Alan DeKok'" <aland@freeradius.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [unproductive arguement]RE: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering sta
	tistics 
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 14:35:35 -0600



"Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com> wrote:
> Regardless of how the information is "meant" to be used. Any spammer
> can point at these numbers and say- 50% of our junk is getting through
<best
> Homer voice> Whoo Hoo!. 

  Do we really care about the opinions of spammers?

--- "Keep your friends close but keep your enemies closer."

> I believe that you are not looking at control sets in the correct
> light. In ANY scientific study you MUST have control sets or the
information
> is invalid.

  Nonsense.  Data collection doesn't require control sets.

  Data *analysis* may use control sets, but even that depends on how
you analyze the data.  There is no control set required to analyze the
data gathered from asking "how much spam is received by your domain?"

I think I'll stop here.  I *completely* disagree with your opinions
on data collection and analysis methodology.  I'll appeal to
authority, and let my background as a published nuclear physicist
stand for itself.

---- I believe that here we can agree to disagree.. being a published
(anonymously) postmaster, (not sure what nuclear physics has to do with
spam, but I am sure that it has its applications) I know that just by being
"protected" by anti-spam systems that some spammers just give up. My
internal numbers clearly show that 1/3 of all my spam traffic dropped off as
soon as "announced" myself as a site protected by certain anti-spam
measures. I am talking on the order of hundreds of thousands a day. Gone.
 I choose to not argue the point further, maybe I am just misunderstanding
what you intend to measure with the numbers. I usually tend to start
measuring from the beginning of the ruler rather than somewhere in the
middle, but then of course, I don't build nuclear power plants and the such.


Regards,
Damon


*****
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To: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Certs required to send mail
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 10:57:14 -0800 (PST)

AOL & Hotmail would be quite responsive if it meant really reducing amount 
of spam they have to process on their mailservers. After all money means 
something to those folks and they are spending great deal of it on 
bandwidth, storage, abuse support costs, etc as far as spam goes.

The way I see it, if for example we can stop email from being claimed to 
have come from hotmail or aol when email did not, they'll adapt such a 
solution because it means less time spent on processing abuse complaints.

If we can actually reduce the amount of spam their mailserver has to 
process, they'll go for it even more. 

On Tue, 25 Mar 2003, Dave Crocker wrote:

> Jon,
> Tuesday, March 25, 2003, 9:32:23 AM, you wrote:
> JK> A. Because (many users at) Hotmail and AOL don't accept mail without it.
> JK> (in my fantasy)
> 
> let's assume that getting them to adopt the mechanism would, in fact,
> make the mechanism useful.
> 
> have you ever tried to sell anything to either of those two
> organizations?  they are predictably unresponsive.  (that's not a
> criticism of them, merely an observed fact.)
> 
> and pure logic or predictions of the future are not persuasive
> arguments.  they need to see very, very high likelihood -- read:
> certainty -- that they will directly and immediately benefit from the
> change.
> 
> 
> JK> I don't understand why there's this almost "religious" objection to
> JK> proposals
> JK> based on signing
> 
> it is not religious.  it is the result of 10 years of direct experience
> trying to get large-scale cert-based systems deployed... unsuccessfully.
> 
> 
> JK>  - I guess that that shows how little I understand this
> JK> "culture" .
> 
> it's true that some standards groups tend to ignore experience.  the
> ietf commits that sin -- to use a religious reference -- sometimes, but
> we try not to.
> 
> d/
> 
> >>You must "follow the money" in any proposed solution.
> >>
> >>
> >>Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
> >>_______________________________________________
> >>Asrg mailing list
> >>Asrg@ietf.org
> >>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >>
> >>
> 
> JK> --
> JK> _______________________________________________
> JK> Asrg mailing list
> JK> Asrg@ietf.org
> JK> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> 
> 
> d/
> --
>  Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
>  Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
>  Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>
> 
> _______________________________________________
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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
In-Reply-To: Message from Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> 
   of "Tue, 25 Mar 2003 09:34:54 EST." <p06000d0bbaa614964deb@[192.168.1.104]> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Subject: [Asrg] 5.c. message status - Failure Modes
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 13:04:13 -0800


Kee Hinckley said:

> When you propose a change to the mail system that *requires* a 
> protocol (either through two supporting MUAs, or one supporting MUA 
> and one annoyed human :-) you are making a very fundamental change to 
> how email works.  You have introduced a dramatic new level of 
> complexity.  The difference between drop-and-forget and a real 
> protocol with bi-directional communication is huge.  Most 
> importantly, it introduces a whole new way for things to fail.

FWIW, I *strongly* agree with this.  It totally changes the semantics
of mail.

> Here are a few to consider--independent of whether we're talking 
> hashcash, sender-pays, challenge/response, or anything else.
> 
> - initial message isn't delivered
> - initial message is delivered to wrong person
> -- intentionally (person left company, new person replies)
> -- intentionally (I'm on vacation, forwarded my email to secretary)
> -- unintentionally (something went wrong)
> -- unintentionally (new person at ISP using old email address)
> - protocol reply isn't delivered (gets lost somewhere)
> - protocol reply is delivered late (lost in email)
> - protocol reply is delivered late (back from six month vacation)
> - protocol reply is misdelivered (see above misdelivery cases)
> - protocol reply bounces (no account, mailbox over quota)
> - protocol reply gets temporary bounce (host unavailable)
> - protocol reply bounces without body in reply
> - protocol reply gets on-vacation message
> - protocol reply is sent return-receipt requested

I'd add

  - protocol reply is sent to an address intended only to receive errors
    (e.g. automated mail generated by notification component of an
    e-commerce system)

--j.
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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'Alan DeKok'" <aland@freeradius.org>, "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics 
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 I am trying to turn this back into a productive thread. I think it is
important and I don't want to cause it to die because of a disagreement.

 Believe me, I am *really* trying to understand what it is that we are
measuring and for what purpose.
 Maybe if you break your thoughts down for me, I can understand what it is
that we intend to accomplish.

 As I see it, these measurements are in part, useful as a analysis of the
advantage or disadvantage of different types of anti-spam measures. Or are
we even planning on breaking up the data in such components? If not, why
not? The data is available.
 Since just *having* anti-spam measures is a way to deter spam, I think that
showing these numbers is important.
How many spammers give up spamming a host just because they have
anti-spam... and why?

 Any other suggestions on how we can uniquely analyze the data?

Regards, 
Damon


-----Original Message-----
From: Sauer, Damon 
Sent: Tuesday, March 25, 2003 3:36 PM
To: 'Alan DeKok'; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [unproductive arguement]RE: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering
statistics 




"Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com> wrote:
> Regardless of how the information is "meant" to be used. Any spammer
> can point at these numbers and say- 50% of our junk is getting through
<best
> Homer voice> Whoo Hoo!. 

  Do we really care about the opinions of spammers?

--- "Keep your friends close but keep your enemies closer."

> I believe that you are not looking at control sets in the correct
> light. In ANY scientific study you MUST have control sets or the
information
> is invalid.

  Nonsense.  Data collection doesn't require control sets.

  Data *analysis* may use control sets, but even that depends on how
you analyze the data.  There is no control set required to analyze the
data gathered from asking "how much spam is received by your domain?"

I think I'll stop here.  I *completely* disagree with your opinions
on data collection and analysis methodology.  I'll appeal to
authority, and let my background as a published nuclear physicist
stand for itself.

---- I believe that here we can agree to disagree.. being a published
(anonymously) postmaster, (not sure what nuclear physics has to do with
spam, but I am sure that it has its applications) I know that just by being
"protected" by anti-spam systems that some spammers just give up. My
internal numbers clearly show that 1/3 of all my spam traffic dropped off as
soon as "announced" myself as a site protected by certain anti-spam
measures. I am talking on the order of hundreds of thousands a day. Gone.
 I choose to not argue the point further, maybe I am just misunderstanding
what you intend to measure with the numbers. I usually tend to start
measuring from the beginning of the ruler rather than somewhere in the
middle, but then of course, I don't build nuclear power plants and the such.


Regards,
Damon


*****
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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: 5b. Opt-Out - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 15:15:14 -0500

At 3:22 PM -0800 3/24/03, william@elan.net wrote:
>Any other distribution means I missed?

There are psuedo standards (Maybe there's an RFC?  I haven't checked. 
Probably.) such as the one followed by this list:

List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg>,
	<mailto:asrg-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>

I should note that there seems to be some variation in the format of 
that field (I had to write a parser for it last month).

I'm not sure where mail-based opt-out systems fall in what you are 
putting together.

The other two semi-standards are the listname-request@example.com 
(with subject unsubscribe) and listname-off@example.com.

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics 
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 11:42:10 -0800 (PST)

Usefullness of statistics depends directly on how they were gathered. 
I think what we need is to see exactly what is being proposed as far as 
how the data will be gathered, I'm not too happy to have this point left 
to some specific organizations, I'm fine with them conducting surveys but 
only if we know exactly how they will be do it.

On Tue, 25 Mar 2003, Sauer, Damon wrote:

> 
>  I am trying to turn this back into a productive thread. I think it is
> important and I don't want to cause it to die because of a disagreement.
> 
>  Believe me, I am *really* trying to understand what it is that we are
> measuring and for what purpose.
>  Maybe if you break your thoughts down for me, I can understand what it is
> that we intend to accomplish.
> 
>  As I see it, these measurements are in part, useful as a analysis of the
> advantage or disadvantage of different types of anti-spam measures. Or are
> we even planning on breaking up the data in such components? If not, why
> not? The data is available.
>  Since just *having* anti-spam measures is a way to deter spam, I think that
> showing these numbers is important.
> How many spammers give up spamming a host just because they have
> anti-spam... and why?
> 
>  Any other suggestions on how we can uniquely analyze the data?
> 
> Regards, 
> Damon
> 
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Sauer, Damon 
> Sent: Tuesday, March 25, 2003 3:36 PM
> To: 'Alan DeKok'; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [unproductive arguement]RE: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering
> statistics 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com> wrote:
> > Regardless of how the information is "meant" to be used. Any spammer
> > can point at these numbers and say- 50% of our junk is getting through
> <best
> > Homer voice> Whoo Hoo!. 
> 
>   Do we really care about the opinions of spammers?
> 
> --- "Keep your friends close but keep your enemies closer."
> 
> > I believe that you are not looking at control sets in the correct
> > light. In ANY scientific study you MUST have control sets or the
> information
> > is invalid.
> 
>   Nonsense.  Data collection doesn't require control sets.
> 
>   Data *analysis* may use control sets, but even that depends on how
> you analyze the data.  There is no control set required to analyze the
> data gathered from asking "how much spam is received by your domain?"
> 
> I think I'll stop here.  I *completely* disagree with your opinions
> on data collection and analysis methodology.  I'll appeal to
> authority, and let my background as a published nuclear physicist
> stand for itself.
> 
> ---- I believe that here we can agree to disagree.. being a published
> (anonymously) postmaster, (not sure what nuclear physics has to do with
> spam, but I am sure that it has its applications) I know that just by being
> "protected" by anti-spam systems that some spammers just give up. My
> internal numbers clearly show that 1/3 of all my spam traffic dropped off as
> soon as "announced" myself as a site protected by certain anti-spam
> measures. I am talking on the order of hundreds of thousands a day. Gone.
>  I choose to not argue the point further, maybe I am just misunderstanding
> what you intend to measure with the numbers. I usually tend to start
> measuring from the beginning of the ruler rather than somewhere in the
> middle, but then of course, I don't build nuclear power plants and the such.
> 
> 
> Regards,
> Damon
> 
> 
> *****
> "The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to
> which it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary, and/or
> privileged material.  Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use
> of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or
> entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited.  If you received
> this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from all
> computers."
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
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To: william@elan.net
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 15:08:53 -0500

At 5:13 PM -0800 3/24/03, william@elan.net wrote:
>  c. Identify if we need extended error codes for anti-spam filters and if
>     so only one or multiple ones
>  d. Identify if we need to standartize on comments as well (i.e. not
>     accepted because listed in xxxx blacklist with comments used to
>     indicate what blacklist in universally accepted format, etc).

I think that some type of extended response would be very valuable. 
If people are really going to implement challenge/response systems of 
one kind or another, they need a standard mechanism for instructing a 
sender.  This is going to involve, at  minimum, some text followed by 
a URL (which might be as simple as a mailto: for a "white hole" 
address that the sender can send to complain about a blacklist). 
Possibly the text should be split into human readable and machine 
readable sections.

I think this should be specified at both the SMTP and 
returned-message level.  This is the only hope we have of getting 
mailing lists and automated mail systems to work in an environment 
with lots of different anti-spam systems.  We *really* don't want to 
go back to the mess that existed 10-15 years ago with zillions of 
different mail systems providing completely different bounce 
messages.  Been there, done that.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: 5b. Opt-Out - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items 
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On Tue, 25 Mar 2003 15:15:14 EST, Kee Hinckley said:
> At 3:22 PM -0800 3/24/03, william@elan.net wrote:
> >Any other distribution means I missed?
> 
> There are psuedo standards (Maybe there's an RFC?  I haven't checked. 
> Probably.) such as the one followed by this list:
> 
> List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg>,
> 	<mailto:asrg-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>

2369 The Use of URLs as Meta-Syntax for Core Mail List Commands and
     their Transport through Message Header Fields. G. Neufeld, J. Baer.
     July 1998. (Format: TXT=30853 bytes) (Status: PROPOSED STANDARD)

2919 List-Id: A Structured Field and Namespace for the Identification
     of Mailing Lists. R. Chandhok, G. Wenger. March 2001. (Format:
     TXT=18480 bytes) (Status: PROPOSED STANDARD)


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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'jm@jmason.org'" <jm@jmason.org>, Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 5.c. message status - Failure Modes
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 16:55:03 -0500

>> - initial message isn't delivered
>> - initial message is delivered to wrong person
>> -- intentionally (person left company, new person replies)
>> -- intentionally (I'm on vacation, forwarded my email to secretary)
>> -- unintentionally (something went wrong)
>> -- unintentionally (new person at ISP using old email address)
>> - protocol reply isn't delivered (gets lost somewhere)
>> - protocol reply is delivered late (lost in email)
>> - protocol reply is delivered late (back from six month vacation)
>> - protocol reply is misdelivered (see above misdelivery cases)
>> - protocol reply bounces (no account, mailbox over quota)
>> - protocol reply gets temporary bounce (host unavailable)
>> - protocol reply bounces without body in reply
>> - protocol reply gets on-vacation message
>> - protocol reply is sent return-receipt requested

>I'd add

>  - protocol reply is sent to an address intended only to receive errors
>    (e.g. automated mail generated by notification component of an
>    e-commerce system)

Adding more:

- protocol reply intentionally did not accept your message (We have you
blocked)
- protocol reply misformated message (technical issue, not following RFC)


Regards,
Damon




*****
"The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to
which it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary, and/or
privileged material. Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar 25 17:06:42 2003
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To: "'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: 5b. Opt-Out - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
In-Reply-To: <p06000d14baa6689c5e63@[192.168.1.104]>
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 12:03:01 -0800 (PST)

This is slightly different, for once it applies only to mailinglists and 
2nd is that its HOW TO opt out if mailing list you're already on and not 
a system indicating global opt-in/out choice.

But I guess I might need to separate into the section of how to indicate 
that you want to be opt-out for new senders of commercial email and 
section on how to actually opt-out when you're already receiving email.

Or possibly sections should be for global opt-out and specific opt-out to 
particular maillist or particular domain.

P.S. Yes, there is an RFC 2369 on mailing list headers.

On Tue, 25 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> At 3:22 PM -0800 3/24/03, william@elan.net wrote:
> >Any other distribution means I missed?
> 
> There are psuedo standards (Maybe there's an RFC?  I haven't checked. 
> Probably.) such as the one followed by this list:
> 
> List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg>,
> 	<mailto:asrg-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>
> 
> I should note that there seems to be some variation in the format of 
> that field (I had to write a parser for it last month).
> 
> I'm not sure where mail-based opt-out systems fall in what you are 
> putting together.
> 
> The other two semi-standards are the listname-request@example.com 
> (with subject unsubscribe) and listname-off@example.com.
> 

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics 
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 11:55:04 -0500

"Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com> wrote:
>  Believe me, I am *really* trying to understand what it is that we are
> measuring and for what purpose.

  We wish to gain confidence in our understanding of the current
impact spam has on our networks.  Some statistics exist, but as Dave
Crocker pointed out in the meeting, they're small samples, self
reported, and are insufficient for achieving a high level of
confidence.  (That's a loose paraphrase.)

  So we need a survey, with a large number of respondents.  The survey
needs to determine how much spam the respondents are seeing, and what
impact it has on their network.

  The purpose of any survey should be to collect data which is
objective, and requires no subjective judgement on anyone's part.
This will make the survey data much more useful, and will give us more
confidence in the results of any subsequent data analysis.

  There is NO need for any "control" in such a survey.  We will be
asking for statistics about the current traffic on peoples networks.
We will NOT be asking people to compare their networks to others.  We
will NOT be asking about people's opinions about their network
traffic.

>  As I see it, these measurements are in part, useful as a analysis of the
> advantage or disadvantage of different types of anti-spam measures.

  I disagree.

  We have no way of knowing the effectiveness of anti-spam measures
used by the respondents.  There is no question we can ask about that
effectiveness which will give us a meaningfull answer.  The
respondents will be using many different anti-spam methods, some home
brewed.  This makes it nearly impossible to determine what is meant by
"anti-spam measure".  We will therefore NOT know what the data means,
so the data will be useless, and any analysis will be a waste of time.


  In contrast, we can ask the simple question: "How many emails did
you decide were spam?"

  The answer to such a question is objectivem and it's an easy
measurement to make.

  In addition, a survey with the goal of measuring the effectiveness
of anti-spam solutions will be socially contentious.  (Or more so...)

>  Since just *having* anti-spam measures is a way to deter spam, I think that
> showing these numbers is important.
> How many spammers give up spamming a host just because they have
> anti-spam... and why?

  How do you expect to be able to tell?

>  Any other suggestions on how we can uniquely analyze the data?

  Let's not talk about data analysis until such time as we're sure we
can gather meaningful data.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Certs required to send mail
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 14:00:08 -0800


If people are endorsing the idea of certificates on ordinary personal
mail, does this mean they have rejected the principle that we should
tamper as little as possible (and ideally not at all) with individual
person to person mail because:
	a) It is not spam, and
	b) Any attempt to require new software by all senders of mail
	   is an extremely difficult goal to attain.


It seems to me the only way to ever get to a goal like requiring new software
for all senders of mail would be highly draconian -- ie. rejecting or
bouncing mail from them -- and result in a lot of lost mail.  Avoiding lost
mail is surely one of our top goals, if not the highest goal, of any e-mail
standards group.  Yes, even higher than 100% effectivness at stopping spam.


So if you are advocating certificates or any form of system where people
would say, "Get new sending software or risk your mail being bounced"
can you explain why you do so?   Is it because you disagree with the
principles above?   Or is it because you agree with them but have decided
after careful examination that systems in line with the principles are
impossible?   I would be interested to see proof of such an assertion if
you have it.

In my own examination of spam systems, I have grouped them into a few classes,
as far as software is concerned.


a) Some require new software only at the recipient.  These can most easily be
adopted, one user at a time.  However, there are limits on what they can do.
There are also political problems (blacklisting falls in this category.)

(Almost all solutions require some new software at the recipient end but it
can be gradually installed in all proposals I have seen.)

b) Some also require new software by legitimate bulk
mailers.  I consider this a difficult, but attainable task, since the numbers
of such mailers are (comparatively) few compared to the number of users of
all mailing software.

c) Some ask for new software at senders, but do not demand it.  They have
a fallback if the senders don't have the software.  The fallbacks range from
easy to use to hard, and the risk of lost mail varies accordingly.  They 
don't want the fallback to be too easy because they want pressure on senders
to adopt the new protocol, and don't want it to be too hard or too much mail
is lost.

d) Some ask for new software for spammers (for example labelling requirements)
and hope that legal means (such as Lessig's bounty proposal) can force spammers
to run this software.   Good luck!

e) Some demand new software at senders, such as stamp generators, certificates,
etc.   They plan to, at least eventually, insist on it or refuse mail.

f) There has been one case where a software change has been demanded of senders,
namely the closing of open relays.  Though it has taken several years, most
open relays are closed, but not all of them.   There was considerable pain.


My experience of the history of deploying software suggests you will easily
get recipients to install new software if it cuts back on their spam well.
Demands on senders are extremely difficult, especially on MUA senders.  Changes
to MTA senders can happen gradually over the course of perhaps 5 years under
extreme pressure, with pain and dropped mail.

Do any disagree with these conclusions?
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 16:23:09 -0600

I am trying to separate out these suggestions with a little check list of my
own.. I am missing something though.. Suggestions?
I am posting to maybe help others keep score.

 
 Author:
 Subject(s):
 Useful Thread Start/End Date:
 Type Suggestion: (Protocol/ CA/ Filter/ Administrative/ Other)
 Infrastructure: (Complex/Simple/No change)
 Software: (New /Patched/ None)
 Change To RFC Required: (821/ 822/ Other/ None)
 MTA Change required: (Sending computer/ Receiving/ Both)
 Client Change required: (Yes/ No)
 Reliance on systems external to own network other than standard DNS:
(Yes/No)
 Requires more than one protocol: (Yes/No)
 Requires change to DNS protocol: (Yes/No)
 Requires specific knowledge other than SMTP/DNS: (Yes/No) 
 Requires pay service: (Yes/ No)
 Hardware Cost: (More/ Less/ No change)
 Network Cost: (More/ Less/ No change)
 Administrative Cost: (More/ Less/ No change)
 Claims to be "Silver Bullet": (Yes / No)
 Allows for time to implement: (Yes/ No)
 Estimated implementation Time:

 First impression: <-- Bad 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Good -->

 Tone of responses: <-- Bad 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Good -->

 Notes:
 
 

Regards,
Damon 


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Subject: [Asrg] 6. URL "scheme" for whitelisting
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 17:21:38 -0500

At 8:36 AM -0800 3/25/03, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
>I think there has to be a responsibility here for the commercial 
>sender to help the user figure this out. In fact, it's one of the 
>issues I'm mulling

I would go further.  I think we should have a standard mechanism 
(akin to mailto:, but probably using a new scheme name) specifically 
for whitelisting.  If your email client supports whitelisting, it 
should support a url that you can click on to automatically whitelist 
an address.  (And of course, it had better confirm this with the 
user, or the spammers will just embed it in an image tag.)  Then web 
sites can easily provide the user with a way to whitelist the 
necessary address or addresses.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics 
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 17:27:06 -0600

<snip>
>  I disagree.

>  In contrast, we can ask the simple question: "How many emails did
>you decide were spam?"

----- Semantics, but I like the way you stated it better. I agree.


>  The answer to such a question is objectivem and it's an easy
>measurement to make.

----- Mine would not be an easy answer.

>  In addition, a survey with the goal of measuring the effectiveness
>of anti-spam solutions will be socially contentious.  (Or more so...)
>
>  Since just *having* anti-spam measures is a way to deter spam, I think
that
> showing these numbers is important.
> How many spammers give up spamming a host just because they have
> anti-spam... and why?
>
>  How do you expect to be able to tell?

---- I don't -just being thoughtful.

>  Any other suggestions on how we can uniquely analyze the data?
>
>  Let's not talk about data analysis until such time as we're sure we
>can gather meaningful data.

---- Putting the cart before the horse here... while it can be done
successfully it is not very efficient.
 Maybe if we state the analysis that we would like to see, I would be much
more at ease providing specific data rather than giving up my entire
database. And knowing exactly what we are looking for, I may even be able to
provide more granular measurements.

Regards,
Damon





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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
cc: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>,
        Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>, Steve Schear <schear@attbi.com>,
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. URL "scheme" for whitelisting
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 18:17:43 -0500 (EST)



On Tue, 25 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> At 8:36 AM -0800 3/25/03, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:

> I would go further.  I think we should have a standard mechanism 
> (akin to mailto:, but probably using a new scheme name) specifically 
> for whitelisting.  If your email client supports whitelisting, it 
> should support a url that you can click on to automatically whitelist 
> an address.  (And of course, it had better confirm this with the 
> user, or the spammers will just embed it in an image tag.)  Then web 
> sites can easily provide the user with a way to whitelist the 
> necessary address or addresses.
> -- 

Is there something in this proposal to prevent spammers from using
Amazon.com as their return address? Do we assume that mail is securely
signed? Or does the whitelist include the IP address of the connecting
system?

Or if not, would amazon.com eventually get to using a unique from: address
for each receipient, that the spammer couldn't guess? If they didn't, they
would have troubles communicating with customers, because noone would want
to put them in their whitelist. But that means that there can't be any
cooperative whitelists, or sharing of whitelists, which is quite a shame.



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Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="============_-1163486349==_ma============"
Subject: [Asrg] Hotmail caps email (via el reg)
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 15:48:40 -0800

--============_-1163486349==_ma============
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed"

"punters will be barred from sending emails to more than 100 e-mail 
addresses in a 24-hour period"

this is basically what i was proposing in my first post to this list. 
now if only this feature was built into SMTP spammers would be 
screwed... well almost.

http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/29925.html
--============_-1163486349==_ma============
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"

<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<html><head><style type="text/css"><!--
blockquote, dl, ul, ol, li { padding-top: 0 ; padding-bottom: 0 }
 --></style><title>Hotmail caps email (via el
reg)</title></head><body>
<div><font face="Lucida Grande" size="+1"
color="#000000">&quot;punters will be barred from sending emails to
more than 100 e-mail addresses in a 24-hour period&quot;</font></div>
<div><font face="Lucida Grande" size="+1"
color="#000000"><br></font></div>
<div><font face="Lucida Grande" size="+1" color="#000000">this is
basically what i was proposing in my first post to this list. now if
only this feature was built into SMTP spammers would be screwed...
well almost.</font></div>
<div><font face="Lucida Grande" size="+1"
color="#000000"><br></font></div>
<div><font face="Lucida Grande" size="+1"
color="#000000">http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/29925.html</font
></div>
</body>
</html>
--============_-1163486349==_ma============--
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Subject: Re: 5b. Opt-Out - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items 
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 16:29:16 -0800

On Tue, 25 Mar 2003 15:15:14 -0500 
Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
> At 3:22 PM -0800 3/24/03, william@elan.net wrote:

>> Any other distribution means I missed?

> There are psuedo standards (Maybe there's an RFC?  I haven't
> checked. Probably.) such as the one followed by this list:

> List-Unsubscribe: <https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg>,
> <mailto:asrg-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe>

RFC 2369.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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To: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. URL "scheme" for whitelisting
Cc: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>,
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 19:54:06 -0500

At 6:17 PM -0500 3/25/03, Daniel Feenberg wrote:
>On Tue, 25 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>
>>  At 8:36 AM -0800 3/25/03, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
>
>>  I would go further.  I think we should have a standard mechanism
>  > (akin to mailto:, but probably using a new scheme name) specifically


>Is there something in this proposal to prevent spammers from using
>Amazon.com as their return address? Do we assume that mail is securely
>signed? Or does the whitelist include the IP address of the connecting
>system?

Independent issue.  The direction I see a number of people moving in 
this group (and the first productive move I've seen so far :-) is to 
see if we can specify certain standards that would provide a 
framework for anti-spam software.  The goal is (in my mind at least) 
that even if people try a number of different solutions, at least 
there will be some degree of interoperability.  I'm not proposing any 
standard for how whitelisting works.  Just that there should be a 
standard mechanism for a mailing list operator to easily provide the 
necessary information (via a URL) to your whitelisting software.

That was as far as I got.  You've pointed out that of course there 
are different ways whitelisting could work.  Address, domain, IP 
address, certificate, unique token all come to mind.

Clearly which ones a given vendor provides depends on what they feel 
like supporting (may the most popular solution win).

So what probably makes sense is to define a scheme (in the technical 
sense--that thing to the left of the colon) and a set of standard 
arguments, as well as a mechanism for adding items to the standard.

Completely off the top of my head:

email address (possibly wildcarded--although how you do that without 
using legal email characters I don't know off hand--need some 
encoding)
IP range
special token
public key

Those all seem like things that a whitelist system might want to 
know.  And if the client does use one of them, it can ignore it.

Back to your original question.  Won't the spammers just start using 
Amazon's address if they think a substantial number of people have 
whitelisted it.  Yes.  That's a fundamental flaw with whitelists.  On 
the other hand, spammers who do this run far more serious legal 
risks.  But the goal of this proposal wasn't to solve the problem 
with whitelists.  I don't even *like* whitelists :-). The goal is 
simply to make it easier for recipients and senders to use them.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 19:14:09 -0600
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> But ISPs do terminate accounts for sending unsolicited emails in any kind
> of large number. There is a reason why all spammers have switched to
China.

Some do terminate accounts, but I know first hand that some participate
either via pink contracts or selling their lists.  I had an account once
that even my wife didn't know about.  I never gave out it's address either,
yet I got spam.  And an account like abc1200948388dhf@isp.com is not a very
guessable account.

On another occasion I had an ISP that intevened when I sent a nasty gram to
the offending spammer.  My ISP, as it turned out was hosting the sammer
inside their netblock.

But then I also had a large ISP that was very good.  The moral hear is that
many ISPs are good net-citezens, and others are deceptive trash.

> You can not hope to stop spammer who just signed up today at large isp,
> but large spammers rely on pemanent connections and try their best to hide
> who they are and where they are sending emails from, these should be our
> primary targets for anti-spam propsals (would be nice to have good
> statistics on how much email really comes from those 150 large spammers,
> but I suspect getting reliable statistics on this is impossible).

Why couldn't a large ISP stop, or perhaps seriously hinder spam?  If they
implemented a system where every account could only send 25-100 messages it
would seriously discourage spammers.  I suspect the more reputable ISPs do
this, but many don't.  There in is where the problems lye.  It is up to the
receive, not the sender to verify mail.

At home, I just block the China spammers outright, using IPFilter I simply
block out the whole IP range and it massively reduces spam.  But at work I
need to be more selective.  Business people do not understand the smut virus
infected mail came from the same place as a field rep.

Any solution needs to be individualized down to the sender and the receiver.
So certs may have a place.

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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 18:16:20 -0700 (MST)

> From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>

> ...
> One can make this case, but I have always felt the IETF's broader goal was
> suport of an end-to-end internet.  As such, ISPs are just there to route
> packets, not to enforce policy....

That's mistaken.  The end-to-end principle says that ISP routers and
wires should just pass packets and not be smart, but nothing about
enforcing usage policies.  Since at least the 1980's (the equivalents
of) ISPs have been expected to enforce usage policies.  Remember the
NSFNet AUP.  Perhaps the fact that Steve W. only zapped one or two
outfits for violating the AUP and the many gatekeepers at ISPs and
customers (including me) used the threat of the AUP to control their
users is relevant to the failure by modern ISPs to care.

> The irony of this is amazing.  I remember one day on slashdot there were
> two highly active threads.  One was about the value of the end to end
> principle, and the other was about a UDP for the largest australian ISP which had
> too many spammers on it.  (Blocking all usenet postings from the ISP, even
> from the innocent users.)

Again, that is entirely consistent.  The end-to-end principle says nothing
about ignoring violations of AUPs.

> All day long most of us decry when ISPs and firewalls take policy steps, trying
> to ban certain protocols, putting in secret proxies, stopping you from
> natting, and we tell them they should worry about their core business, which
> is routing packets quickly and reliably.   Then when their downstreams
> do something we don't like, we blame them for non-enforcement.
>
> I'm not saying we might not, in the end, have to give up some of the end
> to end principle to stop spam.  But we should do so kicking and screaming.

But you're right that nasty garbage does violate the end-to-end
principle.  Lazy, slumlord ISPs prefer to violate the end-to-end
principle as a cheap hack to enforce AUP restrictions.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 18:27:51 -0700 (MST)

> From: william@elan.net

> But ISPs do terminate accounts for sending unsolicited emails in any kind 
> of large number. There is a reason why all spammers have switched to China.

I wish I thought that was a joke instead of offensive and knowingly
false noise like "SPEWS has listed all of UUNET".

> ISPs that don't terminate spammers make it worth for themselve and can not 
> get peering from other isps (i.e. remember AGIS?). And if they are buying 
> transit, then it becomes responsibility of their upstream to enforce AUP.

Who, pray tell, is upstream of UUNET or Sprint?
(yes, Sprint is rumored to have started actually terminating spammers)

> You can not hope to stop spammer who just signed up today at large isp,
> but large spammers rely on pemanent connections and try their best to hide 
> who they are and where they are sending emails from, ...

Since email spam first became a problem, I have not seen a single
spammer that was able to hide from anyone with minimal technical clues.
They can hide from computer programs (e.g. SpamAssasin and SpamCop)
for a while or linger, but that's only because computers are too stupid
to know about IP routing and so forth



Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Wes Peters <wpeters@stbernard.com>
Organization: St. Bernard Software
To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Authentication (no longer Re: [Asrg] My Opinion...)
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On Thursday 20 March 2003 22:03, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> > None was big help at this point and
> > none (except
> > verisign, though presentation was still one-sided towards
> > S/MIME) tried to
> > see what else similar is available that may not be commercial
> > and may do
> > the same.
>
> Actually if I had had a little more time it would probably have been
> rather clearer that I was proposing a range of authentication
> options, starting with the free ones albiet with certain possible
> counter-strategies.
>
> S/MIME is clearly an authentication option and the most flexible for
> this particular application (PGP is a close second but there is a
> conflict in that the PGP security model is strictly endpoint based
> and hence does not immediately map to a service MTA gateway
> deployment unless a validation service like XKMS is interjected).
> However S/MIME is also the most expensive to deploy - whether you
> issue your own certificates or pay a CA since you need a cert for
> every end user which is expensive to manage, far more expensive than
> an SSL cert.

No, you don't.  All you need is a promise from the "sumitting" MTA (the 
MTA that speaks to the senders MUA) that it has used SOME form of 
authentication to verif the user is who he says he is.

This has been the crux of the problem all along, and one of the reasons 
why I am completely unsympathetic to the cries of the large ISPs that 
they are being inundated by spam.  The spam problem is caused by ISPs 
who allow mail to enter the network without sender authentication.  If 
all ISPs required sender authentication, we wouldn't have this problem.

So here's the simplified version: the submitting MTA "signs" the message 
in some way verifying that it can and will, at the very least, disable 
the end user account associated with the sender if that sender abuses 
the network.  This signature is verifiable and has an abuse coordinator 
associated with it.

The final MTA (the MTA that communicates with the recipients MUA) 
decides if the recipient will receive mail from the verified sender.  

> The only "authentication" strategy I think is bogus is using the
> reverse DNS.

Agreed, it's not strong enough to be useful.

-- 
         "Where am I, and what am I doing in this handbasket?"

Wes Peters                                         Sr. Software Engineer
wpeters@stbernard.com                               St. Bernard Software

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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 18:58:14 -0800

Vernon keeps repeating the lie that I am knowingly misrepresenting spews

Spews has never disputed the assertion in question and keeps no public logs
of its activity. Therefore our observation that the entire uunet network
block our server was in was bloked is currently impossible to prove as a
direct result of spews own behavior.

So unless vernon wants to admit he is a part of the spews cabal - which
would explain a lot, particularly his attitude, I don't see the point in
revisiting this point. Yes spews is completely out of control.
 

 -----Original Message-----
From: 	Vernon Schryver
Sent:	Tue Mar 25 18:04:05 2003
To:	asrg@ietf.org
Subject:	Re: [Asrg] Certs required to send mail

> From: william@elan.net

> But ISPs do terminate accounts for sending unsolicited emails in any kind 
> of large number. There is a reason why all spammers have switched to
China.

I wish I thought that was a joke instead of offensive and knowingly
false noise like "SPEWS has listed all of UUNET".

> ISPs that don't terminate spammers make it worth for themselve and can not

> get peering from other isps (i.e. remember AGIS?). And if they are buying 
> transit, then it becomes responsibility of their upstream to enforce AUP.

Who, pray tell, is upstream of UUNET or Sprint?
(yes, Sprint is rumored to have started actually terminating spammers)

> You can not hope to stop spammer who just signed up today at large isp,
> but large spammers rely on pemanent connections and try their best to hide

> who they are and where they are sending emails from, ...

Since email spam first became a problem, I have not seen a single
spammer that was able to hide from anyone with minimal technical clues.
They can hide from computer programs (e.g. SpamAssasin and SpamCop)
for a while or linger, but that's only because computers are too stupid
to know about IP routing and so forth



Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Asrg mailing list
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Brad Templeton'" <brad@templetons.com>, william@elan.net
Cc: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Certs required to send mail
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 20:23:11 -0800



> 
> So if you are advocating certificates or any form of system 
> where people
> would say, "Get new sending software or risk your mail being bounced"
> can you explain why you do so?   Is it because you disagree with the
> principles above?   Or is it because you agree with them but 
> have decided
> after careful examination that systems in line with the principles are
> impossible?   I would be interested to see proof of such an 
> assertion if
> you have it.

Either or questions of this type are usually unhelpful.

We believe that ad-hoc filtering systems are already negatively
impacting the reliability of email. As does spam itself if left 
unchecked, an email does no good if the reader overlooks it as
spam.

So you filter you loose messages, you don't filter you loose
messages. That is a major problem which can only be addressed
if there is a reliable method of bypassing the filter which in
turn is only acceptable if the method does not create a backdoor
for spam.

I agree with Brad that deployment is a major issue, one that
has to be at the center of any proposal. That is why I believe
that the participation of the major client and server software
vendors is going to be essential, as well as that of the major
ISPs. This is not the only forum that will be necessary to 
advance a winning strategy. However it can provide considerable
assistance in helping direct that strategy, even if the gorillas
and elephants appear to be elsewhere.

As for the 'end to end' principle, on what basis is it asserted
that there are only two ends in this transaction? I see at least
four endpoints, the user relationship is quite separate from the
relationship between the enterprises that provide connectivity
which in turn is separate from the relationship between their
employers if it is an enterprise to enterprise transaction.

I don't think that the end-to-end model Clarke proposed is the
same as the end-to-end ideology that has been created out of it.
If we are going to rathole on this topic lets get Clarke in
on a con-call or some of us go round and discuss it with him.
I really don't beleive that Clarke holds the views being assigned
to him here, he always struck me as being eminently pragmatic.

		Phill
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To: Wes Peters <wpeters@stbernard.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: Authentication (no longer Re: [Asrg] My Opinion...)
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 00:13:40 -0500

At 6:24 PM -0800 3/25/03, Wes Peters wrote:
>This has been the crux of the problem all along, and one of the reasons
>why I am completely unsympathetic to the cries of the large ISPs that
>they are being inundated by spam.  The spam problem is caused by ISPs
>who allow mail to enter the network without sender authentication.  If
>all ISPs required sender authentication, we wouldn't have this problem.

Do we really believe this is true?  As far as I've been able to tell, 
spammer accounts get closed ASAP, as soon as they are reported. 
Having your account closed within hours of sending spam is just a 
cost of business for a spammer.  That's why ISPs have had to resort 
to blocking port 25.

Another question for the survey I suppose.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 22:51:07 -0700 (MST)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

>                     ...  This is the only hope we have of getting 
> mailing lists and automated mail systems to work in an environment 
> with lots of different anti-spam systems.  We *really* don't want to 
> go back to the mess that existed 10-15 years ago with zillions of 
> different mail systems providing completely different bounce 
> messages.  Been there, done that.

Why wouldn't RFC 2919 and RFC 2369 headers be sufficient?

Why wouldn't yet more new SMTP gadgets only make things worse?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 23:24:39 -0700 (MST)

> From: Wes Peters <wpeters@stbernard.com>

> ...
> No, you don't.  All you need is a promise from the "sumitting" MTA (the 
> MTA that speaks to the senders MUA) that it has used SOME form of 
> authentication to verif the user is who he says he is.
>
> This has been the crux of the problem all along, and one of the reasons 
> why I am completely unsympathetic to the cries of the large ISPs that 
> they are being inundated by spam.  The spam problem is caused by ISPs 
> who allow mail to enter the network without sender authentication.  If 
> all ISPs required sender authentication, we wouldn't have this problem.
>
> So here's the simplified version: the submitting MTA "signs" the message 
> in some way verifying that it can and will, at the very least, disable 
> the end user account associated with the sender if that sender abuses 
> the network.  This signature is verifiable and has an abuse coordinator 
> associated with it.
>
> The final MTA (the MTA that communicates with the recipients MUA) 
> decides if the recipient will receive mail from the verified sender.  
> ...

That seems to be based on the common but quite mistaken notion that all
email involves "submitting" MTAs run by a few big ISPs.  In fact SMTP
is and should be a point to point protocol as much as the "file sharing"
protocols.  Many outfits run their own MTAs that talk to "submitting" MTAs.
Essentally all big outfits do this, as well as many smaller organizations
that don't trust the competence of the big ISPs.  Many long time IETF
and IRTF contributors as well as the IETF itself are in this boat.
All of us authenticate and authorize all of the mail our "submitting"
MTAs submit to our MTAs, whether it is spam or not.

All of this is irrelevant to the spam problem.  ISPs don't need to be
involved in signing or authenticating our mail to ensure we are not
sending spam.  Whether we buy raw IP bandwidth to run our own submitting
MTAs or we use the submitting MTAs of our ISPs, our ISPs know who we
are and could terminate our accounts if we send spam.  The problem is
that many ISPs can't be bothered or don't want to lose our business.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Certs required to send mail
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 22:27:54 -0800

On Tue, Mar 25, 2003 at 08:23:11PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> Either or questions of this type are usually unhelpful.

Well, I don't want to cause disruption but from experience in other
standards groups with political issues, I now know that it is vitally
important to agree on goals before moving to solutions.
> 
> We believe that ad-hoc filtering systems are already negatively
> impacting the reliability of email. As does spam itself if left 
> unchecked, an email does no good if the reader overlooks it as
> spam.

Indeed this is true.  The goal is to get rid of spam, but the goal is
also to seriously minimize mail lost, or so I would put forward.  We should
not create an undependable (or more undependable) mail system in fighting
spam, not if there is a way around that.   We also wish to maintain 
end-to-end designs, protect free speech ... there are many other goals which
we've had various discussions of.
> 
> So you filter you loose messages, you don't filter you loose
> messages. That is a major problem which can only be addressed
> if there is a reliable method of bypassing the filter which in
> turn is only acceptable if the method does not create a backdoor
> for spam.

We can control what type of messages will be lost, and how many, and in
particular how many will be affected.   For example, if we come up with
a solution where the only mail lost is mailing list mail, and furthermore
mailing lists hosts can take active steps to eliminate that chance, I think
that's a decent outcome, certainly compared to others where it is
unpredictable what mail will be lost.

In fact, predictable loss which can be eliminated may be preferable at
slightly higher loss levels than unpredictable loss, because you can at
least take steps against the former.    With content based filters, for
example, your doctor might be blocked mailing you e-mail about that blue
erection pill -- I'm afraid to name it in an e-mail for reasons you can all
guess :-) -- because spammers often mail about it, but there's no way to
predict.

This is only one of the goals to be balanced however.   Stamps do meet
this goal, in that you can assure non-blockage by adding stamps, and so
do certificates, but of course they have problems meeting other goals.


> As for the 'end to end' principle, on what basis is it asserted
> that there are only two ends in this transaction? I see at least
> four endpoints, the user relationship is quite separate from the
> relationship between the enterprises that provide connectivity
> which in turn is separate from the relationship between their
> employers if it is an enterprise to enterprise transaction.

In a true end to end system, there would be two endpoints.  However other
realities, primarily intermittently connected endpoints, NATs and underpowered
machines have led most people to do E-mail via a 4-point solution.  However,
that's not true for me.  My mailer, mutt, is running on the very same machine
with my SMTP server.  For me to and from other people like me, E-mail is
fully end to end, as it was designed.

While we want the ability to use proxies, mailbox servers and relays to
get around the limitations above, do we wish to mandate it?  That's another
question.

I am not speaking to anybody's specific views here on end to end designs.
And strictly speaking, they are not even a goal, they are a means to some
other goals (fostering innovation, flexibility of change, and yes, protection
from outside control.)  However, the design principle sits as a proxy (ironic,
that) for the collection of goals.

Nonetheless I am concerned with those who trumpeted behind us when we
struck down laws like the CDA and fought other laws which would blame the ISP
for the packets sent by their users.   (Now if ISPs proxy for their users
that can be another story, of course.)   Today an Hoster in the USA shut down a
Canadian web site which hosted pictures of captured U.S. prisoners because
their ISP (Level3) put pressure on them to do so.

We seem to want to apply pressure to blame the ISP when we don't like the
packets, but want to not have the ISP blamed in other circumstances.

Fortunately, spam should not force us into this dilemma.  Spam violates the
two rules midpoints are allowed to care about in the end to end principle,
high unrequested traffic volume.   We can say, "Stop that user he's sending too
much unwanted traffic" to a midpoint, which is all we need to deal with spam.
We should not be able to ask the midpoint to punish a user because of what's
in the packets, because that way lies madness.
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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Cc: Wes Peters <wpeters@stbernard.com>,
        "Hallam-Baker,     Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Authentication (no longer Re: [Asrg] My Opinion...) 
In-Reply-To: Message from Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> 
   of "Wed, 26 Mar 2003 00:13:40 EST." <p06000d05baa6e734f193@[192.168.1.104]> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 22:27:56 -0800


Kee Hinckley said:
> At 6:24 PM -0800 3/25/03, Wes Peters wrote:
> >This has been the crux of the problem all along, and one of the reasons
> >why I am completely unsympathetic to the cries of the large ISPs that
> >they are being inundated by spam.  The spam problem is caused by ISPs
> >who allow mail to enter the network without sender authentication.  If
> >all ISPs required sender authentication, we wouldn't have this problem.
> 
> Do we really believe this is true?  As far as I've been able to tell, 
> spammer accounts get closed ASAP, as soon as they are reported. 
> Having your account closed within hours of sending spam is just a 
> cost of business for a spammer.  That's why ISPs have had to resort 
> to blocking port 25.

Also, if all ISPs required sender auth, spammers would masquerade as ISPs.
And who provides authorization for all ISPs?

--j.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 23:53:41 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> Vernon keeps repeating the lie that I am knowingly misrepresenting spews
>
> Spews has never disputed the assertion in question and keeps no public logs
> of its activity. Therefore our observation that the entire uunet network
> block our server was in was bloked is currently impossible to prove as a
> direct result of spews own behavior.
>
> So unless vernon wants to admit he is a part of the spews cabal - which
> would explain a lot, particularly his attitude, I don't see the point in
> revisiting this point. Yes spews is completely out of control.

Yes, I do not beat my wife.

I am not associated in any way with SPEWS.  I do not use the SPEWS
DNS blacklist.  I do not approve of SPEWS's policies or procedures. 
I would not say that SPEWS is "completely out of control," but I
wouldn't argue that point with someone honestly trying to make it.
I have in public pointed out statements in the SEWS FAQ that I consider
false and misleading.  As far as I know, I do not know the name of
anyone who might be said to be in the SPEWS cabal.  As far as I know
I have not significantly corresponded with anyone in the SPEWS cabal.
I suspect that a year or so ago I received 2 or 3 anonymous messages
from the SPEWS principal.  Those messages used unauthorized relays
and so were objectionable.

Phillip Hallam-Baker might not know that, but he does know:

  - SPEWS does not answer anyone outside the SPEWS cabal.  Saying that
   SPEWS has not denied Phillip Hallam-Baker's claims proves them true
   is an amazingly clumsy charade.  Even if SPEWS did not have a policy
   consistent silence, a refusal to answer Phillip Hallam-Baker's
   obvious knowingly false claims would not make those false claims true.

  - there is no evidence that SPEWS has ever done as Phillip Hallam-Baker
   has repeatedly claimed and listed all of UUNET.  On the contrary,
   other UUNET customers have said in public that their UUNet IP
   addresses have not been listed by SPEWS.

  - SPEWS might have blocked his employer's SMTP servers, but that could
   have been for any of several reasons, including his employer's long
   and significant history of sending unsolicited bulk email advertising.
   That blocking would not imply that the rest of UUNet's vast blocks
   of IP addresses were blacklisted.
   
As far as I can tell, no statement I have made about Phillip Hallam-Baker
and his statements is false.  On the other hand, it is clear that he
does know that SPEWS has not listed all of UUNET and so forth.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: Justin Mason <jm@jmason.org>
Cc: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>, Wes Peters <wpeters@stbernard.com>,
        "Hallam-Baker,     Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Authentication (no longer Re: [Asrg] My Opinion...)
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 23:18:48 -0800

On Tue, Mar 25, 2003 at 10:27:56PM -0800, Justin Mason wrote:
> 
> Kee Hinckley said:
> > At 6:24 PM -0800 3/25/03, Wes Peters wrote:
> > >This has been the crux of the problem all along, and one of the reasons
> > >why I am completely unsympathetic to the cries of the large ISPs that
> > >they are being inundated by spam.  The spam problem is caused by ISPs
> > >who allow mail to enter the network without sender authentication.  If
> > >all ISPs required sender authentication, we wouldn't have this problem.
> > 
> > Do we really believe this is true?  As far as I've been able to tell, 
> > spammer accounts get closed ASAP, as soon as they are reported. 
> > Having your account closed within hours of sending spam is just a 
> > cost of business for a spammer.  That's why ISPs have had to resort 
> > to blocking port 25.
> 
> Also, if all ISPs required sender auth, spammers would masquerade as ISPs.
> And who provides authorization for all ISPs?
> 

As was noted (I believe here a few weeks ago) spammers are already resorting
to hacking into insecure boxes to send spam.   Another recent trick is finding
web servers and CGI scripts that can be tricked into sending mail to any
address.  Such tricks will continue, though it still can be worthwhile to
make spammers jump through more and more hoops to thin their numbers.

Authentication does present problems for anonymous mail.  Anonymous mail
is not a problem on the net when it is sent in low volumes (ie. single
messages) and should not be interfered with, I would hope.

I mean, we had a guy sending literal explosive bombs through the USPS not
long ago, and anthrax as well, and while they did put a requirement that you
can't send a stamped package over one pound any more, they still haven't
gone so far as to remove the ability to send paper mail anonymously.

I mean spam is a royal pain, but it's about 5 orders of magnitude less pain
than anthrax and letter-bombs.
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Please no flamewars
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 00:04:25 -0800


I have to say one of the things I have found positive about this mailing
list is the lack of ad hominem flamewars.   Unfortunately this is an
exception.

It doesn't matter who starts these things.  It always takes two to tango.
If somebody makes an attack on you directly, rather than addressing your
arguments with facts and reason, do what I do -- don't reply.

We're seasoned folks here.  When we see a post sink down to personal insults,
trust me, we think less of the insulter than of the insulted.  At least until
the insulted joins the fray.   I know it's hard not to reply some times
but it works _amazingly_ well.  If you really feel the need to vent, send
a private email reply and be done with it.  But frankly, when I have given
into the temptation to do that, I have rarely gotten satisfaction.

If you find yourself ever referring to another member of the group by name
person because you want to talk about them rather than refer to their arguments,
just walk away.  It really works, and no, people don't think you're a wimp
for not responding to the bald faced accusations.  I at least will think
you are strong.

Don't answer the ad-hominem attack even with reason, and definitely not in
anger.  About the only working exception I have seen to this is if you can
answer it with comedy to defuse the situation.  But comedy is a serious
business, best left to professionals, so don't try it at home.

On Tue, Mar 25, 2003 at 11:53:41PM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> > From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
> 
> > Vernon keeps repeating the lie that I am knowingly misrepresenting spews
> >
> > So unless vernon wants to admit he is a part of the spews cabal - which
> > would explain a lot, particularly his attitude, I don't see the point in
> > revisiting this point. Yes spews is completely out of control.
> 
> Yes, I do not beat my wife.
> 
>   - SPEWS does not answer anyone outside the SPEWS cabal.  Saying that
>    SPEWS has not denied Phillip Hallam-Baker's claims proves them true
>    is an amazingly clumsy charade.  Even if SPEWS did not have a policy
>    consistent silence, a refusal to answer Phillip Hallam-Baker's
>    obvious knowingly false claims would not make those false claims true.
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 22:57:32 -0800 (PST)

<rant>

On Tue, 25 Mar 2003, Dave Anderson wrote:

> > But ISPs do terminate accounts for sending unsolicited emails in any kind
> > of large number. There is a reason why all spammers have switched to
> China.
> 
> Some do terminate accounts, but I know first hand that some participate
> either via pink contracts or selling their lists.  I had an account once
> that even my wife didn't know about.  I never gave out it's address either,
> yet I got spam.  And an account like abc1200948388dhf@isp.com is not a very
> guessable account.

Depending on how isp servers are setup it may have been possible to "hack" 
into the server and see list usernames. Don't asume they actually "sold" 
your email address.

> On another occasion I had an ISP that intevened when I sent a nasty gram to
> the offending spammer.  My ISP, as it turned out was hosting the sammer
> inside their netblock.
> 
> But then I also had a large ISP that was very good.  The moral hear is that
> many ISPs are good net-citezens, and others are deceptive trash.

Yes there are good and bad isps, but we do work together to get rid of bad 
guys and try to clean up our ranks even if end-users don't see it. And for 
example when I see continuing spam from particular isp, I send them note 
that if they do not stop the abuse, I'll block their entire net from 
accessing my 32,000 ips. You'd be surprised how well this works, I often 
receive human response on what had been on or what real situation had 
been, so continue the behavior and I end up doing what I promised or 
complaining to their upstreams. I know other isps do similar things and 
most of good blacklists are run by ISPs.

> > You can not hope to stop spammer who just signed up today at large isp,
> > but large spammers rely on pemanent connections and try their best to hide
> > who they are and where they are sending emails from, these should be our
> > primary targets for anti-spam propsals (would be nice to have good
> > statistics on how much email really comes from those 150 large spammers,
> > but I suspect getting reliable statistics on this is impossible).
> 
> Why couldn't a large ISP stop, or perhaps seriously hinder spam?  If they
> implemented a system where every account could only send 25-100 messages it
> would seriously discourage spammers. 

Some do, some dont, there are good reasons for either choice.

> I suspect the more reputable ISPs do
> this, but many don't.  There in is where the problems lye.  It is up to the
> receive, not the sender to verify mail.

Perhaps we (ASRG group) should work on that problem and have both be 
responsible for verifying emails and agree how to do it! Any working 
solution should involve both source and destination cooperating and ways 
to distinguish good source from the bad.
 
> At home, I just block the China spammers outright, using IPFilter I simply
> block out the whole IP range and it massively reduces spam.  But at work I
> need to be more selective.  Business people do not understand the smut virus
> infected mail came from the same place as a field rep.

Problem with China is actually more on that they are actively hosting 
spammer websites despite large number of protests and warnings. This and 
other actions (in terms of following internet standards) causes many to 
block china outright on the core routers, but there is also growing 
concerns that this is all being done on purpose and its "goverment 
sponsored" (remeber they control pretty much all ip entrances to 
chinanet) actions and they actually do want china blocked from most of 
world for political reasons and as a way to suppress access to free press.

</rant>

> Any solution needs to be individualized down to the sender and the receiver.
> So certs may have a place.
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Certs required to send mail
To: "Vernon Schryver"  <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 09:16:28 +0000

>What is the practical difference between the BGP feed of the RBL+ 
>and any certifcate system?  Think of an IP address as a certificate.
>The IP address of the SMTP client is unique and practically unforgable.
>[ISP name here] risks being cut off by not dealing with its spammers
>and being listed in the RBL.
>(The BGP feed of the RBL+ causes listed outfits to disappear from
>the Internet as seen by subscribers.)
>
>Yes, I know the RBL has not ended spam.  The reasons are not
>mysterious and apply to all of the propsed certificate or other
>authentication schemes.



Of course. I have said that a cert based scheme might be effectively
equivalent to a whitelist (-ve blacklist). It might provide a revenue to
support the maintainence/verification/reliability/litigation exposure
problems inherent in listing-type schemes.

>
>It's discouraging that people are still saying that authentication
>would fix spam years after common MUAs (e.g. Netscape) can send and
>check signatures and/or keys and SMTP-AUTH, SUBMIT, and SMTP-TLS are
>universally available.
>

I'm sorry, who said that authentication (on it's own) would "fix spam"?
I certainly didn't.  I hope I'm not being shot down for something I
didn't say (again).

As has been said (probably by you): Authentication is not the same as
Authorisation. A cert only establishes (if you think about it) the
existence of a relationship between 2 entities at some time in the past.
The "meaning" of this fact depends on the context it's interpreted in.

The observation that a cert-based scheme to establish *credentials* may
fail
(has failed) doesn't reveal some previously unknown weakness of certs 
- certs don't have that strength of themselves.
It's a weakness of the context in which they're used. 

It's a non sequitur to assert that the lack of a strength in the
cert must result in a lack of that strength in a system employing them.

The strength of "accreditation" is a property of an accreditation system,
not of the tokens used to express accreditation.

I'm not inclined to continue this discussion on this list - I'm sure it's
boring most participants

 




  






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Subject: Re: RE: [Asrg] Certs required to send mail
To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip"  <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 09:33:21 +0000

>
>VeriSign could only revoke a certificate if either the user had obtained
>the certificate fraudulently or had broken the terms of the contract.
>
>This has happened in a number of cases. 


Thank you for that clarification.

Of course it's not required that CA==verisign :-) 
Or that certs issued for particular purposes would be under the same
contract
as certs for other purposes - I guess.

One would hope that a CA generating revenue from this business would
be prepared to spend some on making the certificates useful and not leave
it to 3rd parties to take on the management overhead and exposure to
litigation that revocation would no doubt incur.







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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 23:45:07 -0800 (PST)


Hm, I almost forgot before what kind of group this is. You know at one 
side (ARIN meetings) I'm considered to much into abuse prevention, 
here its the opposite, I'm too linient on isps...

As far as Sprint, UUNET - I do not believe they have unsolicited emailers 
on their network (do not confuse issues of sending email and hosting some 
websites that are sometimes promoted in spam due to bad policies on 
accepting new agents), if it is so, I know who to contact there, in fact 
I'll see of these people in less then two weeks on ARIN meeting in Memphis
and if there is some position that ASRG has on what ISPs should and 
should not do, I can deliver it.

And the issue of abuse, I suspect will be discussed there quite a bit 
there and encorage you to see current proposals and discussion at
http://www.arin.net/policy/discussion.html
But I have to tell you, ISPs (including me) do not view proposal 
2003-2 as a good one as ARIN has no role in actual routing operational 
issues and position on revocations has not been made clear but we can work 
on at least cleaning up whois records and things to help facilitate 
communication and made it easy to track problems to get a response.

In any case if you have interest in these discussions please participate 
at ppml mailing list, make your opinions known, etc.

But in the future please do not assume that ISPs do not have interest in 
stopping spam, on the countrary we're the ones who have largest financial 
losses due to it, losses associated with additional bandwidth, cost of 
additional equipment, support costs for direct handling of spam into the 
network abuse prevention out of the net and we're the ones who have most 
interest in working solution. ISPs are the ones who started blacklists, 
because of your upstreams many of your are not receiving spam and in 
most cases they do it out of their own packet and do not charge you 
anything extra even if it costs us. It would be in the best of this 
group's interests not to alianate ISPs (especially large ones) but work 
together to find suitable solution. And of the solutions that are found 
I'm certain the ones that will be most workable and fastest to 
implement worldwide are the ones that ISPs can use on their end and not 
necessarily the ones that require every user to do something.

> > But ISPs do terminate accounts for sending unsolicited emails in any kind 
> > of large number. There is a reason why all spammers have switched to China.
> 
> I wish I thought that was a joke instead of offensive and knowingly
> false noise like "SPEWS has listed all of UUNET".
>
> 
> > ISPs that don't terminate spammers make it worth for themselve and can not 
> > get peering from other isps (i.e. remember AGIS?). And if they are buying 
> > transit, then it becomes responsibility of their upstream to enforce AUP.
> 
> Who, pray tell, is upstream of UUNET or Sprint?
> (yes, Sprint is rumored to have started actually terminating spammers)
> 
> > You can not hope to stop spammer who just signed up today at large isp,
> > but large spammers rely on pemanent connections and try their best to hide 
> > who they are and where they are sending emails from, ...
> 
> Since email spam first became a problem, I have not seen a single
> spammer that was able to hide from anyone with minimal technical clues.
> They can hide from computer programs (e.g. SpamAssasin and SpamCop)
> for a while or linger, but that's only because computers are too stupid
> to know about IP routing and so forth
> 
> 
> 
> Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
> _______________________________________________
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> 



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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 09:46:44 +0000


> Changes
> to MTA senders can happen gradually over the course of perhaps 5 years
> under
> extreme pressure, with pain and dropped mail.

My wife - she's a clinical scientist - pointed out to me (some time ago
now)
that medico-scientific "advances" are *always* reported in the popular
press
as bearing fruit in the "next five to ten years".

I think we should formally adopt this phraseology - with luck we'll all be
in different jobs by then.







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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 00:00:47 -0800 (PST)


I'd like to ask what people feel about making it a part of anti-spam
system such that if say somebody is sending same content message to more 
then 5-10 recepients on your server, then it has to be considered 
maillist email and has to contain proper maillist headers and opt-out 
information.

Of course, spammers can add all these headers as well but we can make some 
kind of black/whitelist of good well known mailing lists or even do some 
kind of stamp-like system to verify the email is sent from good maillist.

On Tue, 25 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> > From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
> 
> >                     ...  This is the only hope we have of getting 
> > mailing lists and automated mail systems to work in an environment 
> > with lots of different anti-spam systems.  We *really* don't want to 
> > go back to the mess that existed 10-15 years ago with zillions of 
> > different mail systems providing completely different bounce 
> > messages.  Been there, done that.
> 
> Why wouldn't RFC 2919 and RFC 2369 headers be sufficient?
> 
> Why wouldn't yet more new SMTP gadgets only make things worse?
> 
> 
> Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. URL "scheme" for whitelisting
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 00:06:07 -0800 (PST)

Standard way to report things is good. URLs are good, but they are added 
for specific protocols, so do you have a new protocol in mind for 
whitelisting?

On Tue, 25 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> At 8:36 AM -0800 3/25/03, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
> >I think there has to be a responsibility here for the commercial 
> >sender to help the user figure this out. In fact, it's one of the 
> >issues I'm mulling
> 
> I would go further.  I think we should have a standard mechanism 
> (akin to mailto:, but probably using a new scheme name) specifically 
> for whitelisting.  If your email client supports whitelisting, it 
> should support a url that you can click on to automatically whitelist 
> an address.  (And of course, it had better confirm this with the 
> user, or the spammers will just embed it in an image tag.)  Then web 
> sites can easily provide the user with a way to whitelist the 
> necessary address or addresses.

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On Wednesday, Mar 26, 2003, at 08:00 Europe/London, william@elan.net 
wrote:

> I'd like to ask what people feel about making it a part of anti-spam
> system such that if say somebody is sending same content message to 
> more
> then 5-10 recepients on your server, then it has to be considered
> maillist email and has to contain proper maillist headers and opt-out
> information.

I consider it wishful thinking ;-)

Try it as a heuristic on an ISP's mail server and you'll soon see why.

Matt.

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Subject: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 03:07:18 -0800 (PST)

Here are my updated notes on Opt-Out:

I. Use of Opt-Out
   1. How far is opt out applied 
      a. To do global opt-out for all commercial email services
      b. To do opt-out for some special email-list or particular types of email
   2. Timing reference for opting out
     a. For existing ones that already send you email and participate in
        the system. 
     b. For future ones that may want to send you email
     c. For certain period of time (when you're on vacacation)
        and can not receive as much email

I could not yet formulate what is to be said in this section, please help! 

II. How opt-out is delivered

  1. Distributed lists which use some type of encryption to allow validation 
     of particular address but not see enter list. 
     Pros:
	a. Opt-out lists can be easily cleaned up before the transmission
	b. Distribution of lists can be controlled by tightly controlled
     Cons:
        a. Serious issues that the encryption technology maybe broken 
	   later on and as such allow to get clear list of all opted-out 
	   email addresses
	b. Distribution lists can easily go sub-distributed and go beyoned 
	   authenticated base and thereafter abused
	c. Patents relating to the encryption technologies exists
	d. Concerns about who and how will make opt-out lists and distribute
	   them
	e. Concerns that opt-out lists will instead be used to verify if 
	   email address in spammer database is real

  2. Opt-out server. Here special service/server is made available to
     legit bulk-mailers. Anybody wishing to check if the address is 
     opt-out or not can connect to that server and check
     Variations:
	2a. One unified service is made available by the goverment or icann, etc
	2b. A number of special opt-out servers exist in parallel which 

            are used/run by different groups of commercial mailers
     Pros:
	a. Opt-out lists can be cleaned up before the transmission begins
	b. Distribution of lists can be controlled by tightly controlled
	   the authentication means can be well controlled to not allow 
	   distribution certain allowed list of entities
     Cons: 
	a. Special opt-out verification protocol may have to be developed
	b. Concerns about who and how will run opt-out service
	c. Concerns that opt-out service will instead be used to verify if 
	   email address in spammer database is real

  3. Opt-out system maintained together with mail servers on per-domain basis.
     Variations:
      3a. Service made available as part of mail server, new command added 
          to SMTP to check opt-out preference of user on email server
      3b.  Service made available as part of mail transmission and is more 
	  tightly integrated with actually sending email, i.e. email being 
	  sent contains some preference for opt-out check and email server 
	  can based on that return email back with proper error code
	  Note: to a degree this is what some filters already do ...
      3c. Service made available through separate protocol to be run by ISP
	  on per-domain basis. 
     Pros:
	a. An opt-out is controlled by mail server operator and not any 
	   questinable central agency. 
	b. Depending on how system is implemented it maybe a lot harder to 
	   actually gather list of valid email addresses (mail server 
	   operator may choose to answer opted-out for any email address 
	   that does not exist, for example)
     Cons:
	a. A new protocol (or extensions to SMTP) need to be developed
	b. It maybe a lot harder to clean up lists before emailing
	   (maybe this this also good thing?)
	c. If implemented as in 3a all MX servers (even backups) may need 
	   to answer yes on question of opt-out, this created 
	   implementation problems and seems unnecessary

  4. Modification of Email address to show opt-out choice. 
     Variations:
      4a.  General opt-out choice recognized by everybody, which may 
	   actually be some variation of mail service domain/subdomain
      4b.  Opt-in choice specific to particular situation or mailing list 
	   example - email+list@domain.com
     Pros:
	a. Very easy to implement and does not require new technology, 4b 
	   is already actively used by many
	b. Address itself shows optout choice, so spammers can not do
           email address cleanup for purposes of finding valid address
	   Note: this is also a Con!
	c. Opt-out choice is controlled by each individual user and not by 
	   external entity (be it central agency or mail service provider)
     Cons:
	a. This generally requires us to use different email address then 
	   what we already do, often even more then one. It does not address
	   issues with existing currently use email addresses (see
           section I on what we want to do), this is a BIG Con.
	b. Use of "special" email address may also be taken by spammers as 
	   verification that email address is valid!

III. Enforcement of Opt-Out
   Note: #1 and #2 below may well be done in parallel
   1. Done by goverment by legislation to have all commercial email marketers
      participate in some system or abide by specific protocol standards
      Enforcement is afterwards left to courts
      Pros:
	a. There would be clear guidelines for commercial email senders to 
	   follow and if they do not they will pay an actual price for it 
	b. Its a lot more likely commercial businesses will follow the law
      Cons:
	a. This maybe problematic when considering email as global system 
	   and not specific to US or EU laws
	b. It takes some time for laws to be passed and then be verified 
	   in courts to be workable
   2. Enforcement is left to ISP/mail server operators through use of 
      filters if email is found to be from commercial email marketer
      that is known to mail server operator
      Pros:
	a. Filtering is already well adapted technology
	b. When email is found to have violated opt-out choice, stopping 
	   future email from the particular marketer is easy and fast 
	   (blacklist) but it does require marketers to be well identified
      Cons:
	a. Use of filtering means some email will inevitably be filtered 
	b. Filters will never completed stop unwanted email even with 
           opt-out choice, some email marketers may choose not to follow it


------
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar 26 08:17:37 2003
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To: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
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Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 03:14:03 -0800 (PST)

Do you mean that emails by spammers are different between what user they 
are sent (personalized, etc) to and would not be classifiable as mass 
mailing?

Or did you mean that users do send one email to multitude of their 
friends and depending on size of isp they may very well be on the same 
domain?

On Wed, 26 Mar 2003, Matt Sergeant wrote:

> On Wednesday, Mar 26, 2003, at 08:00 Europe/London, william@elan.net 
> wrote:
> 
> > I'd like to ask what people feel about making it a part of anti-spam
> > system such that if say somebody is sending same content message to 
> > more
> > then 5-10 recepients on your server, then it has to be considered
> > maillist email and has to contain proper maillist headers and opt-out
> > information.
> 
> I consider it wishful thinking ;-)
> 
> Try it as a heuristic on an ISP's mail server and you'll soon see why.
> 
> Matt.
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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On Wednesday, Mar 26, 2003, at 11:14 Europe/London, william@elan.net 
wrote:

> Do you mean that emails by spammers are different between what user 
> they
> are sent (personalized, etc) to and would not be classifiable as mass
> mailing?
>
> Or did you mean that users do send one email to multitude of their
> friends and depending on size of isp they may very well be on the same
> domain?

I meant that lots of people regularly post to multiple recipients and 
it's not a mailing list. Business mails and personal mails. If you make 
this a heuristic in a spam detection mechanism it will be next to 
useless. If you make this a *requirement* in a mail system it will 
catch almost nothing but false positives.

PS: Please try not to top post - I had to completely snip the context 
in this reply as I couldn't get it to make sense any more.

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar 26 09:39:10 2003
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To: "'Brad Templeton'" <brad@templetons.com>,
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Subject: SPEWS: RE: [Asrg] Please no flamewars
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 06:34:04 -0800

Unfortunately Vernon keeps calling me a liar, I am not.

It is much easier to ask people not to engage in flamewars 
when they are not the party being libelled. Note that I have
made no comments about Vernon except to ask if he is a
member of the cabal he spends so much time defending and
to point out that his ad-hominem attacks are unhelpful.


SPEWS really did blacklist us and the entire net that we
are on. SPEWS states that it is their policy to blacklist
all of an ISPs customers if they do not respond.

It is not 'obvious' that they do not do what their web site
says they do - blacklist innocent customers of an ISP they
dislike in an attempt to gain leverage against the ISP.

Nor is it obvious that a blacklist could not be out of 
control:

http://archive.salon.com/tech/feature/2001/06/08/orbs/
"MAPS also had a run-in with ORBS. In 1999, MAPS listed ORBS on its Realtime
Blackhole List, in response to several complaints about the way that ORBS
was supposedly abusing networks. The group removed ORBS and stopped blocking
it from its own servers three months later, but not before ORBS threw MAPS
into its own black hole. Even Suespammers.org found itself blocked over a
dispute with ORBS. Until the day the list died, spam fighters who used
Brown's list couldn't access the Suespammers site, a major resource that
might have helped them in their war on unsolicited e-mail. "

http://sources.redhat.com/ml/cygwin/2000-07/msg01235.html
http://news.com.com/2100-1023-218552.html?legacy=cnet

Unless Vernon posts a denial that he is a member of the 
spews cabal I will conclude that Vernon is a member and 
direct any process the lawyers may want to serve in his 
direction if the spews cabal takes similar action in future.

		Phill
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Brad Templeton wrote:

> I mean spam is a royal pain, but it's about 5 orders of magnitude less pain
> than anthrax and letter-bombs.

We get a lot more than 5 orders of magnitude more spam than we get 
anthrax or letter bombs.

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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 06:28:33 -0800 (PST)

Please stop making comparisons like that in actual values. Whatever the 
amount of spam I receive its not worth one human life.

On Wed, 26 Mar 2003, Chris Lewis wrote:

> Brad Templeton wrote:
> 
> > I mean spam is a royal pain, but it's about 5 orders of magnitude less pain
> > than anthrax and letter-bombs.
> 
> We get a lot more than 5 orders of magnitude more spam than we get 
> anthrax or letter bombs.
> 
> _______________________________________________
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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. URL "scheme" for whitelisting
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 11:31:59 -0500

At 12:06 AM -0800 3/26/03, william@elan.net wrote:
>Standard way to report things is good. URLs are good, but they are added
>for specific protocols, so do you have a new protocol in mind for
>whitelisting?

Not for implementing whitelisting.  And not a protocol per-se 
(leastwise I don't tend to think of mailto: as a protocol--it's more 
like a single-call API with an optional set of arguments).  (Then 
again, I've already been chastised once off-list for my loose use of 
the word "protocol" :-).

It seems to me that whitelists have two major drawbacks.

1. User doesn't whitelist in advance, or know what *to* whitelist in advance.
2. Spammers can take advantage of them.

I have no intention of trying to solve #2.  But there seem to be a be 
a lot different solutions out there that depend on whitelisting.  I 
think that they would benefit from a mechanism whereby a 
list-maintainer could provide a simple clickable URL that would 
provide the necessary whitelist information to the whitelisting 
software.  E.g.  "whitelist:list@example.com".  Presumably a set of 
optional arguments would be specified that would allow use by more 
sophisticated whitelisting systems. 
"whitelist:list@example.com?pgpkey=xxxx&iprange=yyy-xxx".

I don't think I'm the right person to do this.  To me whitelisting is 
what someone does when our software has a bug :-).  But if nobody 
else is willing to pick it up then I guess I can try see if I can't 
come up with a list of information used by current whitelisting 
systems.

Again (since I've received a couple messages about this offlist), I 
have no interest in discussing pros and cons of different 
whitelisting systems.  I just want to make life easier for someone 
who maintains a mailing list and is getting sick of the growing 
number of subscriber bounces.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: william@elan.net
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 11:20:32 -0500

At 12:00 AM -0800 3/26/03, william@elan.net wrote:
>I'd like to ask what people feel about making it a part of anti-spam
>system such that if say somebody is sending same content message to more
>then 5-10 recepients on your server, then it has to be considered
>maillist email and has to contain proper maillist headers and opt-out
>information.

Well, first of all it doesn't scale.  Someone who sends to 5-10 
recipients at somewhere.com just exceeded the number of humans with 
addresses there.  Someone who sends to 5-10 AOL users is just in the 
noise.

But more critically.  People send mail to everyone in their address 
book a lot.  (And I've got 40,000+ email messages to 
wormalert@somewhere.com that I can offer as evidence.)  Those 
messages are very likely to exceed that per-server limit.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 11:16:08 -0500

At 10:51 PM -0700 3/25/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>  > From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
>
>>                      ...  This is the only hope we have of getting
>>  mailing lists and automated mail systems to work in an environment
>>  with lots of different anti-spam systems.  We *really* don't want to
>>  go back to the mess that existed 10-15 years ago with zillions of
>>  different mail systems providing completely different bounce
>>  messages.  Been there, done that.
>
>Why wouldn't RFC 2919 and RFC 2369 headers be sufficient?

We were discussing error codes for why a message was rejected and 
what to do about.  Those are list identification RFCs (which ties in 
with another simultaneous discussion--but not this one).

???
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200303261650.h2QGonFw018500@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: SPEWS: RE: [Asrg] Please no flamewars
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 09:50:49 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> ...
> Unfortunately Vernon keeps calling me a liar, I am not.
>
> It is much easier to ask people not to engage in flamewars 
> when they are not the party being libelled. Note that I have
> made no comments about Vernon except to ask if he is a
> member of the cabal he spends so much time defending and
> to point out that his ad-hominem attacks are unhelpful.
> ...

In <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A3110061@vhqpostal6.verisign.com>
Phillip Hallam-Baker also wrote

] Vernon keeps repeating the lie that I am knowingly misrepresenting spews


> SPEWS really did blacklist us and the entire net that we
> are on.

No one has doubted that SPEWS listed CIDR blocks covering some or all
of Verisign, despite the lack of supporting evidence such as a SPEWS
case number.  The claims that SPEWS listed all of UUNET are otherwise.


>         SPEWS states that it is their policy to blacklist
> all of an ISPs customers if they do not respond.

I think that is inaccurate but close enough to SPEWS' apparent policy
of "collateral damage."  In my view that is a major mistake, a change
from what SPEWS claimed to be doing at its start, and a less important
one of the reasons I do not use SPEWS' list.

To pretend to have some relevance to the purpose of this mailing list,
please compare SPEWS to a CA that certifies mail as probably not spam.
By some accounts, SMTP clients not listed by SPEWS rarely send spam.
In effect, SPEWS has issued certs for all of the Internet and revoked
them for those outfits that have shown they are likely to send spam or
approve of or tolerate sending spam.  Checking these certs affects the
processing incoming mail by at most a 30% increase in the DNS operations
done on all incoming mail.  They are an excellent implementation of a
not-spam cert, subject only to questions about non-technical policies
and procedures.


> ...
> Nor is it obvious that a blacklist could not be out of 
> control:
>
> http://archive.salon.com/tech/feature/2001/06/08/orbs/
> "MAPS also had a run-in with ORBS. In 1999, MAPS listed ORBS on its Realtime
> Blackhole List, in response to several complaints about the way that ORBS
> was supposedly abusing networks. ...

I think ORBS was not "out of control" but worse.  I think ORBS was a
sender of unsolicted bulk email (relay scans) that tried to use what
might be called extortion against MAPS and its creditors.  SPEWS was
reportedly created in part in reaction to features of ORBS.


> ...
> Unless Vernon posts a denial that he is a member of the 
> spews cabal I will conclude that Vernon is a member and 
> direct any process the lawyers may want to serve in his 
> direction if the spews cabal takes similar action in future.

That is called a "cartooney" in some circles and may be sufficient to
get Verisign listed by a DNS email blacklist that specializes in
"cartooneys."


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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> and
> direct any process the lawyers may want to serve in his
> direction if the spews cabal takes similar action in future.
>

The lawyer-threat has appeared. It seems to indicate that any possible 
productive use of this forum has now ended, and we should all go home 
now.

If I call all of your fascists, will someone declare Godwin's law for 
me, so we can all go get a latte?


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 6. URL "scheme" for whitelisting
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On Wednesday, March 26, 2003, at 08:31  AM, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> Again (since I've received a couple messages about this offlist), I 
> have no interest in discussing pros and cons of different whitelisting 
> systems.

I can say from looking at what we're seeing come back, whether you like 
whitelists or not is irrelevant. They're here, and they're being 
adopted in with increasing speed. So coming to grips with them as a 
service creator is necessary.

And personally, I've gone from being "not a fan" of whitelists to 
believing it's the way to protect role accounts from the growing abuse 
we're seeing (personal accounts I'm on the fence over, but that's a big 
shift as it is). I've had (or watched) discussions about how whitelists 
suck with people who instead come up with increasingly baroque 
validation schemes for web pages, which, when you boil it down to 
essenticals, is still a challenge/response system, just moved to a 
different point in the process, and whcih does nothing to stop mail 
directly into role accounts. and maybe I'm crazy, but I still have a 
real person who reads postmaster and abuse, and as someone who hates 
getting lost in "press 3 to get lost in our phone tree" voicemail 
systems, I don't want that to change -- when technology bollixes, the 
last thing you want is another piece of technology making sure nobody 
can tell you (and being pissed at you because of it).

All IMHO, of course. But I think it's beyond time to argue about 
whitelists, it's time to figure out how to deal with them and get used 
to responding to them.


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On Wednesday, March 26, 2003, at 08:20  AM, Kee Hinckley wrote:

>> I'd like to ask what people feel about making it a part of anti-spam
>> system such that if say somebody is sending same content message to 
>> more
>> then 5-10 recepients on your server, then it has to be considered
>> maillist email and has to contain proper maillist headers and opt-out
>> information.
>
> Well, first of all it doesn't scale.  Someone who sends to 5-10 
> recipients at somewhere.com just exceeded the number of humans with 
> addresses there.  Someone who sends to 5-10 AOL users is just in the 
> noise.
>
> But more critically.

But more critically, off the top of my head.

It breaks all majordomo installations out there. (all of them would 
have to be updated to either the unreleased Majordomo II, Mailman, 
Sympa, or something). It also breaks any mail list where an admin has 
disabled those headers because he doesn't like them (which, if you 
check out the mailman archives, has been a continuing discussion, 
mostly because, it seems, eudora for windows doesn't hide those 
headers, and admins therefore break the mail list software instead of 
fixing the client. But I'm not bitter)

It breaks all of those people who have extended announce lists in their 
address books.

It breaks all people who set up informal lists via sendmail aliases or 
their equivalent in other MTAs.

It breaks 5-6 emails I send a day to a bunch of individuals. Never does 
it seem to be the same 5-6 individuals.

It breaks all sorts of things. Does it solve anything? No. spammers 
will simply start adding those lines, since there seems to be no intent 
to see if the lines actually are valid or relevant (and how would you?)

In other words, we've re-invented the "Approved: header" in the 
NNTP/USENET protocol, meaning we haven't really invented anything 
useful unless the user population agrees to manage it voluntarily or 
there's some form of cyber-cancel bot to retro-delete the stuff.

Sorry, not a good proposal.


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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 09:12:55 -0800

Lets get away from that particular comparison and instead ask,
if the letter post becomes unsafe due to bio-terrorism, what
alternative do we have?

If there is a repeat attack (the sender is still at large,
there is a high likelihood of copy-cats) we may have to work
out a strategy that allows important mail, bills etc to be
transferred by letter post.

The only personal letter post I receive these days is 
postcards, birthday and Christmas cards. All the rest of 
my personal communication moved to telephone and email
years ago.

Devising a mechanism that allows bills to be sent electronically
is worth doing for its own sake. People are likely to pay
more promptly and there is a much reduced hassle factor.
I would like to be able to link outlook to money or quicken
so that every time a bill arrives from an authenticated
and authorized source I get the relevant notification.

If the need arose we could set up alternative mechanisms
for the elderly and those without internet to manage thier
money via ATMs and telephone links.

I can try to get the note I wrote on this as a contingency 
plan released if there is interest.

		Phill


> Please stop making comparisons like that in actual values. 
> Whatever the 
> amount of spam I receive its not worth one human life.
> 
> On Wed, 26 Mar 2003, Chris Lewis wrote:
> 
> > Brad Templeton wrote:
> > 
> > > I mean spam is a royal pain, but it's about 5 orders of 
> magnitude less pain
> > > than anthrax and letter-bombs.
> > 
> > We get a lot more than 5 orders of magnitude more spam than we get 
> > anthrax or letter bombs.
> 
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Subject: [Asrg] rfc 2822 header
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 18:16:26 +0100

I am new to this list. I have skimmed over the list archive but haven't found
it discussed yet.

As the charter of this group says:
    [ ... ] a framework that allows different systems to be plugged in to
    provide different pieces of the solution [ ... ]
I'd like to suggest standardizing RFC 2822 headers to ease the communication
between those systems.

On our mailserver we use some DNSBLs for blocking and others for tagging,
i.e. we insert rfc2822 headers to indicate that the injecting IP was
listed with some DNSBL. This headers can be utilized by other software
(e.g. spamassassin) to do further processing.
When we implemented the tagging we noticed that there is no consensus
about those headers, so it is time consuming to modify packages to
make use of those headers.
Also, adding those headers could free postprocessing software from the
burden of parsing Received: header lines to find the IP address of the
host that injected the email to the local systems to lookup this IP in
the DNSBLs themselves.

I'd like to suggest the following header line:

RBL-Warning: (fromhost:fromip) base_of_dnsbl; TXT_record_for_fromip_at_dnsbl

   o   if  fromhost  cannot be determined from reverse lookup "unknown"
	should be used
   o   ";" TXT_record_for_fromip_at_dnsbl   is optional

Thus conforming headers would be:
    RBL-Warning: (200-206-136-145.customer.telesp.net.br:200.206.136.145) proxies.relays.monkeys.com
    RBL-Warning: (200-206-136-145.customer.telesp.net.br:200.206.136.145) proxies.relays.monkeys.com; BLOCKED: See http://www.monkeys.com/upl/listed-ip-0.cgi?ip=200.206.136.145
    RBL-Warning: (unknown:200.252.129.26) sbl.spamhaus.org
    RBL-Warning: (unknown:200.252.129.26) sbl.spamhaus.org; Listed on SBL - see http://spamhaus.org/SBL/sbl.lasso?query=SBL7781
    
Thanks for listening,

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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From: "Teo" <vteodorescu@btinternet.com>
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> In my own examination of spam systems, I have grouped them into a few
classes,
> as far as software is concerned.
> a) Some require new software only at the recipient.  These can most easily
be
> adopted, one user at a time.  However, there are limits on what they can
do.
> There are also political problems (blacklisting falls in this category.)
>
> (Almost all solutions require some new software at the recipient end but
it
> can be gradually installed in all proposals I have seen.)
>
> b) Some also require new software by legitimate bulk
> mailers.  I consider this a difficult, but attainable task, since the
numbers
> of such mailers are (comparatively) few compared to the number of users of
> all mailing software.
>
> c) Some ask for new software at senders, but do not demand it.  They have
> a fallback if the senders don't have the software.  The fallbacks range
from
> easy to use to hard, and the risk of lost mail varies accordingly.  They
> don't want the fallback to be too easy because they want pressure on
senders
> to adopt the new protocol, and don't want it to be too hard or too much
mail
> is lost.
>
> d) Some ask for new software for spammers (for example labelling
requirements)
> and hope that legal means (such as Lessig's bounty proposal) can force
spammers
> to run this software.   Good luck!
>
> e) Some demand new software at senders, such as stamp generators,
certificates,
> etc.   They plan to, at least eventually, insist on it or refuse mail.
>
> f) There has been one case where a software change has been demanded of
senders,
> namely the closing of open relays.  Though it has taken several years,
most
> open relays are closed, but not all of them.   There was considerable
pain.
>
>
> My experience of the history of deploying software suggests you will
easily
> get recipients to install new software if it cuts back on their spam well.
> Demands on senders are extremely difficult, especially on MUA senders.
Changes
> to MTA senders can happen gradually over the course of perhaps 5 years
under
> extreme pressure, with pain and dropped mail.
>
> Do any disagree with these conclusions?


There is also some work involving "tarpits" done by Marty Lamb at
http://www.martiansoftware.com/tarproxy

In my opinion this would fall somewhere in the middle of all the options
listed above, and it might actually have the greatest chances of success, as
it doesn't require the cooperation of anyone in particular. As outlined
above, if enough are spread around, pain would start to be felt and
sysadmins will sit up and take notice.

A short description of the principle, in the words of its author:

********************** start quote
"An email message would be fed to the incremental classifier one piece (or
token) at a time. After analyzing each piece, the classifier would respond
with a classification of the message so far, providing a running probability
that the message is spam.

Now imagine that your SMTP server has been provided with an incremental
classifier. You now have a real-time indicator that a message is likely spam
while the spammer is connected.

The Idea

Now we have moved identification of spam to the time of its receipt. But how
can the SMTP server best use this knowledge? I propose that the running
probability from the classifier be used to throttle the connection with the
offending server. If an incoming message looks like spam [1], the connection
could be slowed dramatically, consuming the spammer's resources and wasting
their time [2]. This would transform the server into a sort of dynamic
tarpit, in which the spamminess of the incoming message affects the
viscosity of the tar [3]. As the spam probability goes up, the socket speed
goes down [4].

If enough of these dynamic tarpits were in place (or just a handful were
placed in the right places), the spammers' mail software would bog down,
reducing the rate at which they can send messages, in turn reducing the fees
they can charge their customers. If these tarpits were ubiquitous, they
could completely change the economics of spam, creating a scarcity of
bandwidth experienced only by spammers."***************************** end of
quote

Regards

Teo


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From: Wes Peters <wpeters@stbernard.com>
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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: Authentication (no longer Re: [Asrg] My Opinion...)
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On Tuesday 25 March 2003 21:13, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 6:24 PM -0800 3/25/03, Wes Peters wrote:
> >This has been the crux of the problem all along, and one of the
> > reasons why I am completely unsympathetic to the cries of the large
> > ISPs that they are being inundated by spam.  The spam problem is
> > caused by ISPs who allow mail to enter the network without sender
> > authentication.  If all ISPs required sender authentication, we
> > wouldn't have this problem.
>
> Do we really believe this is true?  As far as I've been able to tell,
> spammer accounts get closed ASAP, as soon as they are reported.

I'm certain this is true for most ISPs.  I'm not certain at all it's 
true of the 2 or 3 biggest national ISPs in the USA, especially those 
who service thousands of new cable/dsl accounts per day.

> Having your account closed within hours of sending spam is just a
> cost of business for a spammer.  That's why ISPs have had to resort
> to blocking port 25.

We've recently been regaled with a description of the network 
architecture of a top tier national ISP in the USA that not only 
doesn't block port 25 outbound, it actually traps port 25 outbound to 
any IP address to their own SMTP servers.  This same ISP is touting 
their efforts at blocking a billion incoming spams per day to anyone 
who will listen, not mentioning that it actually assists in sending 
outbound spam and does nothing to block spam between its own 
subscribers.

> Another question for the survey I suppose.

Yup, I guess so.

-- 
         "Where am I, and what am I doing in this handbasket?"

Wes Peters                                         Sr. Software Engineer
wpeters@stbernard.com                               St. Bernard Software

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> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> ...
> >Why wouldn't RFC 2919 and RFC 2369 headers be sufficient?
>
> We were discussing error codes for why a message was rejected and 
> what to do about.  Those are list identification RFCs (which ties in 
> with another simultaneous discussion--but not this one).
>
> ???

Oh, I was confused.  I think spending time on bounce formats is a
bigger waste of time than "internationalizing" error messages from
programs.  In practice, computer error messages are always opaque
cybercrud to everyone except the priesthood.  "ABEND 12345" may be a
bad joke, but not as bad as the jokes that claim to communicate computer
problems to people who are not experts.  No matter what you put in
mail rejection messages, 99% of their recipients will have no clue
what is intended.  However, I also know that I'm be in the minority
on all variations of this issue.  Besides, even I agree that as long
as newly formalized bounces can be implemented, they're no worse than
a minor distraction and might even do a little good.

That leads to the purpose and future of this mailing list and group.

IRTF groups do not appear, deliver a solution in a few weeks, and
disappear.  Research is not a short term effort.  If it is successful,
this list will endure for years like the end-to-end list, with varyng
relevance and effects.  The best that can be hoped is that it will
collect good ideas and support their developement or at least publication,
like ECN in end2end.  There will always be other sorts of contributions
like IPv8 advocacy and notes from people who confuse TCP with TP0.

I think the immediate official goals have significantly been met:

  - Paul has produced a taxonomy
   I'm not sure how important it will be but it was necesary.  The
   many anti-spam product developers will not use it very precisely.
   We are in competition with each other and spammers, and so will
   keep some things more or less secret.

  - I think communicating consent is hopeless and even a bad idea.  
   Advertisers will never entirely honor anything but "tell me more."
   The only person who can be trusted to honor consent is the end user.
   However, there might be something that could be done in a few months. 

Other things that should be done include:

  - words and definitions for common concepts such as mismatches between
   reverse DNS name and envelope sender  (Please not "forged")

  - common practices such as ways that bulk mail should be identified
   for white-listing.

  - ideas for SMTP headers indicating filter results.
   I've doubts that all of the many mail filter/markers can agree, but
   maybe something is possible.

  - improved mechanisms for opting-out of spam.

  - provide a focus for IETF/IRTF attention to spam.

A problem is tha some of the work this list might do might belong in 
one of the IETF WGs.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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On Wed, 2003-03-26 at 09:12, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> Devising a mechanism that allows bills to be sent electronically
> is worth doing for its own sake. People are likely to pay
> more promptly and there is a much reduced hassle factor.
> I would like to be able to link outlook to money or quicken
> so that every time a bill arrives from an authenticated
> and authorized source I get the relevant notification.

Certs and signatures are one way to authenticate; Richard Bliss came up
with another technique that doesn't have issues of key revocation and
recovery.  It does require something be built in to clients, which is a
serious drawback but might be feasible given enough time.


Q: Okay, what's the idea?
A: Add something RSS-like to email clients, where the client
occasionally (and infrequently) polls "subscribed" sites for new content
and drops any new content into the normal mail stream (so that you could
filter it into folders).  

For example, suppose I want to subscribe to the Floss Recycling
newsletter.  The Floss Recycling Web site gives instructions on the
subscription address and when the newsletter comes out (e.g. "Mondays at
3 PM PST).  I set up my email client to poll every Monday at 4 AM and to
drop the newsletter into my FlossRecycling folder.

Q: Why don't you just go to the Floss Recycling web site every Tuesday
morning?  
A: I could do that, but I'd rather have my software remember for me and
put it somewhere where I can easily see that I need to read it *and*
where I can save it for easy future reference.

Q: So what's one benefit of this?
A: Proof of delivery.  Say Bank of Fred wants to start sending me my
mortgage bill electronically.  If they send it by email, they have no
idea if it actually gets to me.  I could not pay my bill and claim,
"well, you never sent me a statement!" even if I got it.  

If Bank of Fred sets up a personalized pull feed for me instead, then
their server will have a record of when my client fetched the bill.  

(Yes, it needs to be secure, but passwords and SASL might be good
enough.  It's not clear that crooks have a strong incentive to see my
mortgage bill.)

Q: Any other benefits?
A: Well, it puts the unsub control firmly in the hands of the user -- I
don't have to hope that Bank of Fred will in fact unsub me.  It also
eliminates the problem of wanted messages getting false positive'd out
of my sight.

Q: So how on earth would this reduce spam?
A: One of the biggest problems that content analyzers (e.g.
SpamAssassin, spambayes) have is that legitimate commercial newsletters
can look an awful lot like spam.  If we can reroute all of the legit
mass mailers to this RSS-esque scheme, then the content analyzers can be
much more aggressive.

Q: Is RSS your clear and obvious choice for this?
A: Absolutely not.  My "expertise" in RSS is the product of only a few
hours wandering around the Web looking at various Web sites.  I feel
like RSS is off in this parallel universe that I really don't know
anything about.

In particular, it was not obvious to me how the RSS client would figure
out what was new since last checked and what was not.  

RSS does have a big attraction because using it might get rid of a
chicken-and-egg problem.  There's enough content out there that uses RSS
that just the current RSS activity would add competitive advantage to an
RSS-enabled client.  That might make it easier to convince the client
manufacturers to add RSS capability.  (Again, I'm pretty clueless about
RSS.  I might be completely off-base here, and would be very interested
in hearing if that's true.)

Q: Why do you think that you can convince any client vendors to do this?
A: I have *cough* some influence on the email portion of Chandler, the
Open Source Application's PIM.  If RSS is a reasonable vehicle for the
Bliss Technique, then I would like to stuff RSS capability into
Chandler.  (No promises on *when*, however -- there are a lot of things
to put into Chandler.  The more people clamor for a feature, however,
the more likely it will go in.)



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To: william@elan.net
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 10:28:32 -0800

On Wed, Mar 26, 2003 at 12:00:47AM -0800, william@elan.net wrote:
> 
> I'd like to ask what people feel about making it a part of anti-spam
> system such that if say somebody is sending same content message to more 
> then 5-10 recepients on your server, then it has to be considered 
> maillist email and has to contain proper maillist headers and opt-out 
> information.
> 
> Of course, spammers can add all these headers as well but we can make some 
> kind of black/whitelist of good well known mailing lists or even do some 
> kind of stamp-like system to verify the email is sent from good maillist.


This is a reasonable step, but spammers are already quite adept at altering
the content of their emails to individualize them sufficiently to avoid
such tests, as we know.  There is at best an arms race at that.

I do agree that bulk mail should be tagged as bulk mail, and the email specs
already specify the Precedence header though I would have named it differently.

It is risky however to reject untagged mail with just 5-10 recipients since
there are literally millions of "personal" mailing lists with dozens to
hundreds of recipients, that are often sent by ordinary users not using a
mailing list system.  Such mail may not be tagged in such cases.   We
could start enforcing that tagging restriction more carefully, which would
behoove MUAs and MTAs to notice when a user is doing a mailing to his address
book to announce his new baby, and putting on the Precedence: bulk tag.

Long ago I even proposed the tag should be extended, so that it would get
attributes such as the relationship of recipient to sender
(stranger/known/subscriber/customer) and the number of entries in the mailing.

But spammers of course would not tag.  If the government were to make
a law asking the IETF to come up with a tagging system, that's the sort
of one I would propose:

    Precedence: junk; relation=stranger; count=50000

Would be how you tag a spam

    Precedence: bulk; relation=known; count=150

Would be how you tag a baby announcement

    Precedence: bulk; relation=customer; count=10000

Would be how you tag a mailing to customers.

And do on.
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On Wednesday, Mar 26, 2003, at 17:57 Europe/London, Kaitlin Duck 
Sherwood wrote:

> On Wed, 2003-03-26 at 09:12, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>> Devising a mechanism that allows bills to be sent electronically
>> is worth doing for its own sake. People are likely to pay
>> more promptly and there is a much reduced hassle factor.
>> I would like to be able to link outlook to money or quicken
>> so that every time a bill arrives from an authenticated
>> and authorized source I get the relevant notification.
>
> Certs and signatures are one way to authenticate; Richard Bliss came up
> with another technique that doesn't have issues of key revocation and
> recovery.  It does require something be built in to clients, which is a
> serious drawback but might be feasible given enough time.
>
> Q: Okay, what's the idea?
> A: Add something RSS-like to email clients, where the client
> occasionally (and infrequently) polls "subscribed" sites for new 
> content
> and drops any new content into the normal mail stream (so that you 
> could
> filter it into folders).

Hopefully Richard Bliss might not mind the credit for this idea going 
elsewhere... http://www.newsgator.com/ (and that's probably not the 
first implementation - just a very nice looking one).

I think it's an excellent idea, but not something we can force on list 
sources. It's also worth noting that it's only for one-way 
communication, so it doesn't help mailing lists. But I think it's still 
got a great deal of merit.

Matt.

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 <200303261736.h2QHaS5D023747@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 13:34:22 -0500

At 10:36 AM -0700 3/26/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>Oh, I was confused.  I think spending time on bounce formats is a
>bigger waste of time than "internationalizing" error messages from
>programs.  In practice, computer error messages are always opaque
>cybercrud to everyone except the priesthood.  "ABEND 12345" may be a

I would take this as a *reason* to standardize them.  Given that they 
are getting even more confusing.  The point isn't to standardize them 
for humans--but for computers.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Teo <vteodorescu@btinternet.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Certs required to send mail
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 10:41:32 -0800

Tarpits are an interesting idea, but of course they have a risk.  As we
know all spam detectors have false positives, and we must be very sure
we don't tarpit a legitimate mailer.   In one case, when we at the EFF sent
out our newsletter including some notes about spam, SpamAssassin tagged it
as spam.  This would have put us in a tarpit if it used similar algorithms
to SpamAssassin.

However, this can work if you can make an easy system for legitimate mailing
lists to whitelist themselves to be immune from any tarpitting.   I would
recommend a wide variety of means of whitelisting, ranging from the basic
of getting your IP on a list, to certificates, to magic-tags etc.

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To: william@elan.net
Cc: Chris Lewis <clewis@nortelnetworks.com>,
        Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Authentication (no longer Re: [Asrg] My Opinion...)
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 10:52:52 -0800

On Wed, Mar 26, 2003 at 06:28:33AM -0800, william@elan.net wrote:
> Please stop making comparisons like that in actual values. Whatever the 
> amount of spam I receive its not worth one human life.


I agree.  Actually, that was my point.  We have not put in a certificate
requirement or other autentication on postal mail, even though it can kill
you, so that diminishes the case that spam makes it worth requiring
authentication to send e-mail.
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Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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On Wednesday, March 26, 2003, at 10:28  AM, Brad Templeton wrote:
>
>
>     Precedence: bulk; relation=customer; count=10000
>
> Would be how you tag a mailing to customers.
>

the e-marketers would have an issue with disclosing sizes of mailings. 
That'd be hard to fly. Besides, what about personalized stuff? Less and 
less of the legitimate e-marketing stuff is bulk any more, so a good 
argument for count=1 exists, even if it's going out to 10,000 
individuals, or 100,000.




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To: nazgul@somewhere.com
From: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
In-Reply-To: <p06000d17baa7a2faf42b@[192.168.1.104]>
References: <p06000d0fbaa7822d4404@[192.168.1.104]> <200303261736.h2QHaS5D023747@calcite.rhyolite.com> <200303261736.h2QHaS5D023747@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 19:07:59 +0000

Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
>At 10:36 AM -0700 3/26/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>>Oh, I was confused.  I think spending time on bounce formats is a
>>bigger waste of time than "internationalizing" error messages from
>>programs.  In practice, computer error messages are always opaque
>>cybercrud to everyone except the priesthood.  "ABEND 12345" may be a
>
>I would take this as a *reason* to standardize them.  Given that they 
>are getting even more confusing.  The point isn't to standardize them 
>for humans--but for computers.

What's wrong with these?

3461 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Service Extension for
     Delivery Status Notifications (DSNs). K. Moore. January 2003.
     (Format: TXT=76076 bytes) (Obsoletes RFC1891) (Status: DRAFT
     STANDARD)

3462 The Multipart/Report Content Type for the Reporting of Mail
     System Administrative Messages. G. Vaudreuil. January 2003. (Format:
     TXT=12186 bytes) (Obsoletes RFC1892) (Status: DRAFT STANDARD)

3463 Enhanced Mail System Status Codes. G. Vaudreuil. January 2003.
     (Format: TXT=31832 bytes) (Obsoletes RFC1893) (Status: DRAFT
     STANDARD)

3464 An Extensible Message Format for Delivery Status Notifications.
     K. Moore, G. Vaudreuil. January 2003. (Format: TXT=83060 bytes)
     (Obsoletes RFC1894) (Status: DRAFT STANDARD)

Tony.
-- 
f.a.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
NORTH FORELAND TO SELSEY BILL: EAST TO NORTHEAST 3 OR 4 LOCALLY 5. HAZY WITH
MIST PATCHES, AND A RISK OF FOG PATCHES. MODERATE OR POOR WITH A RISK OF FOG
PATCHES. SLIGHT.
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Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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On Wednesday, March 26, 2003, at 10:34  AM, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> I would take this as a *reason* to standardize them.  Given that they 
> are getting even more confusing.  The point isn't to standardize them 
> for humans--but for computers.
>

Exactly. The system I built, though, is getting ~99.6% accuracy in 
auto-processing now, so it can be done with a few hacks. What's left is 
mostly places that are going out of their way to try to "help" (Adobe 
and LLNL both have very helpful 'they aren't here any more' messages 
that are useless for auto-processing) and people building their own 
scripts badly, and a couple of systems like First Class (grr) that 
still seem to think the entire e-mail universe is a local network 
running phonenet or something. First Class is probably half of my 
un-automated bounces, but I'm working on figuring out ways to outsmart 
their stupid mailer short of unsubscribing entire domains in disgust 
(since First Class also tends to bounce stuff to the sender, not the 
envelope, and we've talked to Centrinity about it and they don't see 
this as a problem, when one of them pops up on our list server sites, 
that domain DOES get blacklisted until it gets fixed, preferably with 
real server software...)


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] email pull (was RE: Authentication )
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On Wednesday, March 26, 2003, at 10:29  AM, Matt Sergeant wrote:

>> Q: Okay, what's the idea?
>> A: Add something RSS-like to email clients, where the client
>> occasionally (and infrequently) polls "subscribed" sites for new 
>> content

> Hopefully Richard Bliss might not mind the credit for this idea going 
> elsewhere... http://www.newsgator.com/ (and that's probably not the 
> first implementation - just a very nice looking one).

It's not. Credit for RSS stuff probably circles back to Dave Winer, 
among others. But the blogs have taken RSS onto their own, and a bunch 
of folks are doing interesting things with RSS and that enables people 
to do nice things with RSS aggregators. it's just starting to peek over 
the horizon for most folks, but it's been building for a year or more. 
Fascinating stuff.

It helps mitigate one of my biggest gripes about the high volume 
discussion list, as well as enable people to keep an eye on what I call 
"2nd tier" lists -- the interruption of e-mail being a push technology, 
and the reality that most e-mail lists don't warrant being pushed into 
people's eyeballs. With RSS, people can choose to pull things on their 
schedule. Ultimately, I hope/expect the two technologies to merge to 
allow people to manage their information streams to their preferences.

> I think it's an excellent idea, but not something we can force on list 
> sources. It's also worth noting that it's only for one-way 
> communication, so it doesn't help mailing lists.

Oh, sure it does. A bunch of us on the mailman dev lists hashed out 
this stuff months ago, and one of us (out of the foxhole, Lawrence) 
actually went an implemented a system that seems really pretty good. 
With Mailman as your email core, and web archives (based around 
MHonarc) and RSS, you have a nice distribution setup. He then grafted 
TDMA onto the front end, effectively whitelisting all of his mail 
lists. So on the return mail, you can either subscribe, or you can go 
through a challenge/response to get your message posted.

either way, no spam, no moderator intervention, and users don't have to 
go through the hassle of subscribing to post occasionally, especially 
if they read it via RSS or web. It was one of the things that started 
changing my mindset on whitelists, seeing how they could really enable 
open but secure communication channels without the increasingly bizarre 
"anti spam" restrictions us mail-list geeks have been coming up with to 
try to keep the spammers at bay. Using TDMA basically kills any chance 
of forged header mail getting through, so suddenly, your armed camp of 
a mail list doesn't need all that barbed wire any more.

there was some talk of adding these features to Mailman down the road, 
but it's still in talk stage. But he's got it up and running, and it 
works, and one of these days, I plan on going down that same path. It 
really shows what whitelists can do once you get over the "how dare you 
ask ME for ID?" mental state -- and yes, it took me a while to get over 
it, too... But once I did, I realized whitelists could make various 
aspects of life much easier on all side, especially compared to fuzzy 
gif schemes and all that other stuff.

Lawrence, want to explain your stuff in more detail and point people at 
where they can find out more?


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To: william@elan.net
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 11:32:26 -0800

On Wed, Mar 26, 2003 at 03:07:18AM -0800, william@elan.net wrote:
>         a. Serious issues that the encryption technology maybe broken 
> 	   later on and as such allow to get clear list of all opted-out 
> 	   email addresses

Alas, there is no maybe about it.

    Spammer's List of 50 million E-mail addresses | cleaning service | diff
	
    Will get you effectively all the email addresses that have gone on
    the opt-out list.  I mean, if you aren't on the spammer's lists, you have
    minimal reasons to go on the opt-out list so it is effectively complete.
    (Though corporate sites can put their entire population on the list
    with safety, but in that case why not just list the domain rather than
    the individuals.)
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 12:34:15 -0700 (MST)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>


> >Oh, I was confused.  I think spending time on bounce formats is a
> >bigger waste of time than "internationalizing" error messages from
> >programs.  In practice, computer error messages are always opaque
> >cybercrud to everyone except the priesthood.  "ABEND 12345" may be a
>
> I would take this as a *reason* to standardize them.  Given that they 
> are getting even more confusing.  The point isn't to standardize them 
> for humans--but for computers.

I think standardized error messages for computers has worse problems.
Consider the example of SMTP response coes.  There are only 3 results
answers that computers can deal with, "it worked," "it failed but
might work if you try again later," and "it failed--go away."  In
practice the other literally millions of status codes and extended
status values are wasted bandwidth for humans and computers.

Maybe I'm wrong and you can make something more, such as a super 5yz
that says "not only forget this message and this target address, but
never again send a SYN to this IP address or any related TLD."


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 11:36:29 -0800

What I have not seen an answer to is my point that bulk mailer 
software is already designed to drop connections that are too slow
and so the only effect tarpits is likely to have is on the most naive
spam senders and friendly fire on the innocent.

Another problem is that any hackback system can be abused by hackers.
We saw this in network security, attackers simply co-opted the
hack back systems to attack the targets of their choice.

How many tarpits are set up to be proof against a subversion attack?
Do they authenticate the information they use for targetting? 
What happens if someone poisons the distribution of the RBL?


	Phill

> Tarpits are an interesting idea, but of course they have a 
> risk.  As we
> know all spam detectors have false positives, and we must be very sure
> we don't tarpit a legitimate mailer.   In one case, when we 
> at the EFF sent
> out our newsletter including some notes about spam, 
> SpamAssassin tagged it
> as spam.  This would have put us in a tarpit if it used 
> similar algorithms
> to SpamAssassin.
> 
> However, this can work if you can make an easy system for 
> legitimate mailing
> lists to whitelist themselves to be immune from any 
> tarpitting.   I would
> recommend a wide variety of means of whitelisting, ranging 
> from the basic
> of getting your IP on a list, to certificates, to magic-tags etc.
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>
Cc: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>, william@elan.net, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 11:42:34 -0800

On Wed, Mar 26, 2003 at 11:04:58AM -0800, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
> 
> On Wednesday, March 26, 2003, at 10:28  AM, Brad Templeton wrote:
> >
> >
> >    Precedence: bulk; relation=customer; count=10000
> >
> >Would be how you tag a mailing to customers.
> >
> 
> the e-marketers would have an issue with disclosing sizes of mailings. 
> That'd be hard to fly. Besides, what about personalized stuff? Less and 
> less of the legitimate e-marketing stuff is bulk any more, so a good 
> argument for count=1 exists, even if it's going out to 10,000 
> individuals, or 100,000.

Sorry, I drafted these plans many years ago so I didn't give a complete
description on them.   I actually am not supporting tagging at this time,
simply suggesting that if you are going to do it, these are possible ways
to do it.  (What a nice guy I am :-)

My 5 year old essay, which I need to revise because I no longer endorse all
of it is at...

    http://www.templetons.com/brad/spume/tag.html

However, the key point is that when I use the term "bulk" in dealing with
spam I normally use it from a human sense, not a technical sense of
"identical messages."

What matters in the definition of bulk is did a human being command a mass
mailing.  Even if each message is different in some way, personalized to
the customer, it is still a mass mailing.

It is a more interesting question if, "Ok, sales staff, I want you to all
write personal thank-you letters to all of your customers, and don't cut
and paste text in any of them" is a mass mailing or not.  Fortuantely it's
rare enough (and inherently low volume enough) that I am not worried about
including it in definitions.

However, "Have the computer send a mailing to all customers with recommendations
based on their past purchases" is a mass mailing, even though each message
is different.  It's not a spam, though, because these are customers.

But "Grab a database from Experian with demographic data on each person, and
customize a message to them based on what is known about them in the databases"
is a mass mailing and it is a spam.
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 11:46:39 -0800

> Q: Okay, what's the idea?
> A: Add something RSS-like to email clients, where the client
> occasionally (and infrequently) polls "subscribed" sites for 
> new content
> and drops any new content into the normal mail stream (so 
> that you could
> filter it into folders).  

I think that this is a very good idea and have been advocating
its use.

In particular it would address a lot of the bulk sender issues.

On caveat here is that the mechanism should be limited to
prevent it being subverted by viruses. I think that any such
mechanism should either have no javascript/macro capability
or if it does have that ability it should be off by default
and allow the user to require that the source is 
cryptographically authenticated.

I prefer no active code.

> Q: So what's one benefit of this?
> A: Proof of delivery.  Say Bank of Fred wants to start sending me my
> mortgage bill electronically.  If they send it by email, they have no
> idea if it actually gets to me.  I could not pay my bill and claim,
> "well, you never sent me a statement!" even if I got it.  

Again on point, and you can secure the download via SSL without 
the need for a client certificate.

> In particular, it was not obvious to me how the RSS client 
> would figure
> out what was new since last checked and what was not.  

Those are things we can fix.

> Q: Why do you think that you can convince any client vendors 
> to do this?
> A: I have *cough* some influence on the email portion of Chandler, the
> Open Source Application's PIM. 

That is good enough for proof of concept. I don't see why the other
application vendors would not be interested.

We also need someone to hack majordomo or whatever your favourite 
mailing list software is to generate the RSS data.

		Phill
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: 5c. Message Status
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On Wednesday, March 26, 2003, at 11:34  AM, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> I think standardized error messages for computers has worse problems.
> Consider the example of SMTP response coes.  There are only 3 results
> answers that computers can deal with, "it worked," "it failed but
> might work if you try again later," and "it failed--go away."  In
> practice the other literally millions of status codes and extended
> status values are wasted bandwidth for humans and computers.
>

Not true.

for humans, it's very useful. At least in theory, they can get on the 
phone or send e-mail to a site to say "do you know that your mail is 
returning with xxxxx" -- and some of us still, in fact, do that when we 
can.

for computers, it's less useful but not useless. If anything, I'd like 
to see the standardization for "hard bounce", "soft bounce", 
"processing bounce" to be improved, because we do try to read the tea 
leaves and handle soft bounces (over quota, for instance) differently 
than hard bounces (user unknown), because a soft bounce implies mail 
might stop bouncing sometime in the future, while hard bounce implies 
game over (even though we find hard bounces to actually be soft, and 
soft bounces to actually be hard). And anything that's a "processing 
bounce" (disk full, as opposed to over quota, although many sites 
misrepresent these) ought to be considered very temporary, so they 
ought to be a third category, but for practicality, should be 
considered at least soft bounces. And yes, there are different 
processing regimens for soft and hard bounces, so it matters...


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Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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On Wednesday, March 26, 2003, at 11:42  AM, Brad Templeton wrote:

> It is a more interesting question if, "Ok, sales staff, I want you to 
> all
> write personal thank-you letters to all of your customers, and don't 
> cut
> and paste text in any of them" is a mass mailing or not.  Fortuantely 
> it's
> rare enough (and inherently low volume enough) that I am not worried 
> about
> including it in definitions.
>
> However, "Have the computer send a mailing to all customers with 
> recommendations
> based on their past purchases" is a mass mailing, even though each 
> message
> is different.  It's not a spam, though, because these are customers.
>

Is it? Even if only 20% of the message content is common?

I'm not talking about adding "Dear [[ first name ]] [[ last name ]]" to 
the top and calling it personalized; that's really not.

Where this stuff is headed is in that direction, too. from bulk (50,000 
pieces of email, all alike -- the e-newsletter model) to mass (50,000 
pieces of email, personally addressed but quite similar, sort of like 
the e-newsletter with an auto-pen (smirk)), to, well, something. Not 
sure what term to give it, but it's 50,000 individual emails that work 
from some template but which are customized to the specifics of the 
customer.

To throw an analogy to the wolves, the difference is, well, McDonalds 
(bulk), Subway (mass), and your local italian restaurant (where 
personal email is your home kitchen). It's still turning out volume 
cooking, but...


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 25 Mar 2003 08:37:35 EST."
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 09:51:25 -0500

Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
> If an ISP is not filtering for spam, they can't even answer the 
> question, "how much spam do you get".

  Which is why I proposed asking the question "how many emails did you
mark as spam."  My original post did not make say that, but I tried to
clarify my position in the discussion which followed.

> If they are filtering for spam 
> and 20% gets through, they their numbers will be 20% off.  How are 
> you--looking at the aggregate information--going to figure that out?

  You don't.  You can't.  You have no way of knowing how accurate
their marking system is.  But you DO know that they've marked some
number of messages.

> I did not say do nothing.  I simply pointed out that you should 
> realize that there is going to be a lot of error in some of those 
> numbers.

  Not exactly.  The questions which are asked should be such that any
answers will contain little measurement error.  They may contain
system errors, but since we have no way of quantifying them, there's
little we can do to deal with them.

  However, over large populations, we can assume that the systematic
errors follow some standard distribution (e.g. gaussian).  We can then
correct for their effects.  The important thing is that we can reduce
unknown systematic errors from 1000's of domains to a *model* of
systematic errors with a few well understood parameters (distribution,
mean, variance)

  Alan DeKok.
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Brad Templeton wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 26, 2003 at 06:28:33AM -0800, william@elan.net wrote:

>>Please stop making comparisons like that in actual values. Whatever the 
>>amount of spam I receive its not worth one human life.

> I agree.  Actually, that was my point.

But you've both missed mine.  Spam costs everyone in real dollars, and 
indirectly jobs, and the growth of the Internet.

If you're going to make analogies, you need to compare the whole thing. 
Both from the "damage per incident" and the "frequency of incidents" 
perspectives.

> We have not put in a certificate
> requirement or other autentication on postal mail,

But we certainly have for riding on airplanes, haven't we?



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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> Unfortunately Vernon keeps calling me a liar, I am not.

Did he call you a liar, or simply mistaken? Tho, if the mistakes are 
repeated often enough after the mistakes are pointed out, there's little 
difference.

> SPEWS really did blacklist us and the entire net that we
> are on. SPEWS states that it is their policy to blacklist
> all of an ISPs customers if they do not respond.

Incorrect. It is their policy to escalate blacklists, up to and 
including the entire ISP.  It just hadn't gotten that far yet.

> Nor is it obvious that a blacklist could not be out of 
> control:

Anything can be out of control.  ORBS was clearly rogue.  No sane person 
would have ever used it once any of that came to light.  As it did.

> Unless Vernon posts a denial that he is a member of the 
> spews cabal I will conclude that Vernon is a member

Splorf.  You'll like antispews.org and operation "Sherman Tank".

Regular coffee for me thanks.

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From: Russell Brand <russell-2asrg44all-@zoemail.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] Volunteering to work on the evaluation critera
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I'd like to volunteer to gather, collate, and organize the proposed
evaluation criteria.  It seems that I can best do this by

    (1) to the extent practical, gather up the proposed criteria that
        have been discussed already

    (2) put those into a document and distribute that to the list.

    (3) request that people on the list send to me a list of criteria
        that I have left out

    (4) that I publish and updated list

    (5) request that people send to me any thoughts, arguments,
        explanation as to why any of the various proposed criteria
        might be MUST vs SHOULD vs NICE TO HAVE vs irrelevant

    (6) that I publish an annotated list which include the
        argumentation on all points where there is discussion and the
        consensus answer where one exists.

My email address is

    Russell-2asrg44all-@ZoEmail.com

please put

    EVALUATION CRITERIA       

in the header

Here is my first pass at enumeration of criteria.



                               *draft*

         Proposed Evaluation Criteria for Anti Spam Solutions


                           $Revision: 1.3 $
                   $Date: 2003-03-26 12:19:28-08 $


                           Russell L. Brand
                        brand@responsible.com
                   Russell-2asrg44all-@ZoEmail.com


                               *draft*


1.0 Introduction
================

This is an unordered simple listing of possible criteria for ASRG to
evaluate anti-spam solutions.

I am actively soliciting both additional criteria and also
argumentation/analysis as to which criteria are appropriate and
important and which are not.

2.0 Current List of Criteria
============================

2.1 Inexpensive
---------------

[2.1.1] not computational/storage expensive for the (legitimate) sender 

[2.1.2] not computational/storage expensive for the recipient 

[2.1.3] not computational/storage expensive for relay

[2.1.4] does not (greatly) increase the communications requirements 

[2.1.5] does not (greatly) increase the message size

[2.1.6] makes the bad guys bare the cost rather than the legitimate
users 

2.2 Unencumbered
----------------

[2.2.1] no undisclosed pending "submarine" patents

[2.2.2] no patents

[2.2.3] no patents that won't be readily licensed to all

[2.2.4] no patents that are so ludicrous as to be readily
ignored. 


2.3 easy to use
---------------

[2.3.1] easy for the sender to use for ongoing communication 

[2.3.2] easy for the sender to use for a first contact situation 

[2.3.3] easy for the recipient to use for ongoing communication 

[2.3.4] easy for the recipient to use for a first contact situation  

[2.3.5] easy to use for mailing lists

[2.3.6] easy to use for carbon copies

[2.3.7] easy to remember email addresses

[2.3.8] not needing to change email addresses to start using the
system 

[2.3.9] ability to have only one email addresses if desired

[2.3.10] ability to have an infinite number of (eg: a pattern of) of
email addresses if desired 

[2.3.11] not making it harder than it is now to change email addresses

[2.3.12] not requiring users and companies to get new domain names

2.4 easy to deploy
------------------

[2.4.1] can be deployed incrementally 

[2.4.2] easy to add on to existing software

[2.4.3] doesn't rely on infrastructure that doesn't exist / won't be
adopted

2.5 interoperable 
-----------------

[2.5.1] will work with webmail 

[2.5.2] will work with offline readers (pop3/imap4)

[2.5.3] will work with direct delivery

[2.5.4] will work with direct relays

[2.5.5] will work with other anti-spam systems

[2.5.6] will exchange mail between people using this system and people
not using this system

[2.5.7] practical to use on all operating systems 

[2.5.8] will work with existing email software packages

2.6 highly effective
--------------------

[2.6.1] blocks all undesired email 

[2.6.1] blocks all undesired commercial email 


2.7 persistantly effective
--------------------------

[2.7.1] isn't just a step in an arms race

[2.7.2] will work for a long time 

[2.7.3] will provably work for forever 


2.8 doesn't interfere with the delivery of legitimate mail
----------------------------------------------------------

[2.8.1] legitimate mail is not delayed

[2.8.2] legitimate mail is not lost

[2.8.3] legitimate bounce messages are not lost

[2.8.4] legitimate individual mail

[2.8.5] legitimate bulk mail


2.9 single solution
-------------------

[2.9.1] one solution that will work for all people

[2.9.1] one solution that will work for all the different types of
problems 


2.10 technical rather than legislative
--------------------------------------

[2.10.1] can be made to work without relying on any legislation 

[2.10.2] can be made to work without relying on any new legislation 

[2.10.3] doesn't interfere with current enforcement actions

[2.10.4] the technical solutions provides additional help to legal
enforcement 

2.11 opt-in
-----------

[2.11.1] supports an opt-in bulk mail system

[2.11.2] supports a way to opt out of an opt-in bulk mail system that
one has opt into 


2.12 explainability
-------------------

[2.12.1] easy to explain what it does

2.13 implementability  
---------------------

[2.13.1] is possible to implement 

[2.13.2] is easy to implement 

[2.13.3] has already been implemented 

[2.13.4] a reference implementation is available

[2.13.5] two distinct implementations have been done

[2.13.6] a GPL version exists

2.14 other platforms
--------------------

[2.14.1] works for instant messengers 

[2.14.2] works for receive-only alphanumeric pagers 

[2.14.3] works for two-way alphanumeric pagers 

[2.14.4] works for SMS / phone text messenging 


2.15 Accountability and Anonymity 
---------------------------------

[2.15.1] trace all mail to sending person 

[2.15.2] trace all mail to sending organization 

[2.15.3] trace all mail to sending organization  but not person 

[2.15.4] prevents forged mail sending organization (but permits
unspecified sending organizations)


[2.15.5] prevents forged mail sending individual (but permits
unspecified sending undividuals)

[2.15.6] allow anonymous remailers to continue working.


## end
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>
Cc: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>, william@elan.net, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 12:22:04 -0800

On Wed, Mar 26, 2003 at 11:56:50AM -0800, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
> Is it? Even if only 20% of the message content is common?

Yup.  When it comes to definitions and rules, computers don't break rules.
Only humans break rules.  Computers simply execute commands.

So what matters in all rule making when it comes to definitions for humans is
action by humans.  If a human orders 50,000 mails sent, that's a mass mailing.

I personally feel that attempts to fine tune the defintion get pretty murky
after that.  You don't want to have to answer questions like a threshold of
difference among the messages, or what percentage of the text was the same
from message to message.

You want to use only objective facts where you can.  This particular objective
fact may be one that requires human analysis in some cases, but the goal of
the analysis is an objective fact, not an opinion.  As such it's better.  I
recommend all definitions try to stay as close to factual judgements as
possible.   That's why in past threads I advocated not attempting to judge
the quality of the relationship the recipient has to the sender, just making
a basic judgement of whether the recipient has had voluntary communication in
the past to the sender.  He either has or he hasn't, I think.

And, as it turns out, pure volume is something computers can detect, and it
is the root cause of spam.   "Did this user send out mail to 50,000 destinations"
is a factual question which, for example, their ISP could answer, or a
pooled MX server for many large sites could answer without ambiguity.  Without
having to look at the contents of the message.
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In-Reply-To:  <200303261736.h2QHaS5D023747@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
To: "Vernon Schryver"  <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 20:36:04 +0000

>  - I think communicating consent is hopeless and even a bad idea.  
>   Advertisers will never entirely honor anything but "tell me more."
>   The only person who can be trusted to honor consent is the end user.
>   However, there might be something that could be done in a few months. 


Oh. That's that then. No, hang on, I can think of a number of entities who
might *consult* my consent - including (in a particular order):

My organisation, my ISP, a legitimate mass mailer, the courts.

And why (I know I shouldn't bite) a "bad idea"?

There's probably too much in the way of "voice from the mount"
assertions on this list.





--
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Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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On Wednesday, March 26, 2003, at 12:22  PM, Brad Templeton wrote:

> On Wed, Mar 26, 2003 at 11:56:50AM -0800, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
>> Is it? Even if only 20% of the message content is common?
>
> Yup.  When it comes to definitions and rules, computers don't break 
> rules.
> Only humans break rules.  Computers simply execute commands.

okay, we'll agree to disagree.

> after that.  You don't want to have to answer questions like a 
> threshold of
> difference among the messages, or what percentage of the text was the 
> same
> from message to message.

because it's hard to determine via a program, even if it's important.

> And, as it turns out, pure volume is something computers can detect, 
> and it
> is the root cause of spam.

It's easy to detect, even if it's the wrong thing. I disagree that 
volume is the root cause of spam. consent and the issues surrounding it 
are. Volume is an issue because spam is easy to send and because the 
large amount we're getting creates a high level of frustration -- but 
you're focussing on volume because it's easy to count, not because it's 
the right measure for the job. IMHO, of course.

There are lots of legitimate large volume mailings out there, and lots 
of low volume spam setups, too. Just because someone sends out 10,000 
copies of "Jesus tells you to stop the war" doesn't mean it's more 
legitimate than 1,000,000 copies of your favorite hair restoration 
e-mail....


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Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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On Wednesday, March 26, 2003, at 12:36  PM, Jon Kyme wrote:

>>  - I think communicating consent is hopeless and even a bad idea.
>>   Advertisers will never entirely honor anything but "tell me more."

This is bogus. It's like saying because there are hackers out there, 
all programmers can't be trusted. Let's use an even wider brush for the 
painting, and simply go for the entire human race in one swath.

Smart advertisers have figured out that stuffing messages down user's 
throats when they don't want them makes them a lot more likely to buy 
your products (yeah, right).

Please don't assume that since some sites (like real) are deceptive in 
how they do their consent management and others are outright frauds 
that everyone's like that. that simply polarizes a discussion into 
camps that fight when cooperation is in fact needed.

> There's probably too much in the way of "voice from the mount"
> assertions on this list.
>

"She is a witch! May we burn her?"


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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 12:55:45 -0800

This is why I like the definition of what we want to eliminate to be
'unwanted messages that are sent indiscriminately'.

The weasel word here being indiscriminately, there are a few messages that
could be sent indiscriminately that could be mostly wanted. For example on
9/11 someone could have sent a broadcast to all RIM pagers in the US with
emergency information, I doubt it would have been unwanted in many cases.

The word indiscriminate is of course subjective, just like the term spam.
However a salesperson that sends messages to 10,000 existing customers can
hardly be considered indiscriminate, nor is a salesperson who sends
targetted messages to 100 sales prospects, nor is a message with a CFP for
an anti-spam conference sent to this list.

However sending the message to every IETF list, or to 10,000 sales prospects
etc. is indiscriminate.

		Phill
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> >>Please stop making comparisons like that in actual values. 
> Whatever the 
> >>amount of spam I receive its not worth one human life.

Let us see, if I spend ten minutes daily on spam, over a lifetime that is a
lot of time, if everyone on the Internet does likewise that is a huge number
of wasted lifetimes.

OK trite point but once you do anything on a large scale there start to be
major consequences.

The Nigerian 419 gangs have murdered several people and kidnapped many more,
we have had extortions, theft, fraud, suicides and more. 

At this point, yes the spam issue IS more severe in terms of the damage
being done regardless of the scale you choose to use.

	Phill
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 13:04:31 -0800



> On Wed, Mar 26, 2003 at 03:07:18AM -0800, william@elan.net wrote:
> >         a. Serious issues that the encryption technology 
> maybe broken 
> > 	   later on and as such allow to get clear list of all 
> opted-out 
> > 	   email addresses
> 
> Alas, there is no maybe about it.
> 
>     Spammer's List of 50 million E-mail addresses | cleaning 
> service | diff
> 	
>     Will get you effectively all the email addresses that have gone on
>     the opt-out list.  I mean, if you aren't on the spammer's 
> lists, you have
>     minimal reasons to go on the opt-out list so it is 
> effectively complete.
>     (Though corporate sites can put their entire population 
> on the list
>     with safety, but in that case why not just list the 
> domain rather than
>     the individuals.)

We could add to the list addresses that are not actually valid - like
the striker addresses for example. 

This would mean that the results of the diff would be a mixture of 
good and bad emails. If anything the result of a check would be more 
likely to give a bad email than a good one.

	Phill
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On Wednesday, March 26, 2003, at 12:55  PM, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

> The word indiscriminate is of course subjective, just like the term 
> spam.
> However a salesperson that sends messages to 10,000 existing customers 
> can
> hardly be considered indiscriminate, nor is a salesperson who sends
> targetted messages to 100 sales prospects, nor is a message with a CFP 
> for
> an anti-spam conference sent to this list.
>

but I tend to go further: you can be discriminate here, but still not 
have consent.

This is a rewrite of something I just sent to Brad privately that might 
illuminate what I mean. To preface it, I'll note I think people abuse 
the word spam horribly, to the point where it almost has no meaning any 
more, so any attempt to "stop spam" is going to fail because nobody can 
agree how to define it.

going down the rabbit hole of defining this stuff, I make a hard 
delineation between:

1) spam, which in my mind are those idiots that send stuff fraudulently 
with forged return addresses and all that other stuff.

2) legitimate marketing stuff, where the real issue is a consent issue, 
not a fraud issue.

for (1), the root cause is the easy ability to forge spam and the 
difficulty of stopping people. Since I see this kind of crap as 90% of 
the overall problem (or more), finding ways to lock them out of the 
universe is my top priority.

2) where you have real companies doing stupid things, gets lumped in 
with 1, but is really a different problem, and has nothing to do with 
cheap costs or whatever. It has to do with marketing people who ought 
to be kneecapped for being more worried about how many messages got 
sent and not about how many sales were generated...

In both cases, volume is an accelerator to the process, not a cause.

I think the issues of "solving spam" and "dealing with e-marketing 
consent issues" are skew. One is shutting down fraudulent operations, 
the other is regulating legitimate businesses who's practices might or 
might not be up to snuff. But they tend to get lumped together, and 
that adds complexity to the the problem and confuses the issues, and we 
end up going round and round and accomplishing nothing.

They're separate issues, needing separate solutions. I realize there's 
a segment that thinks all e-marketing is by definition spam, but the 
moderate position understands it's not. And no, I'm not excusing badly 
build e-marketing systems, not at all. but the amount of hassle they 
cause is nothing compared to the spam that's fraudulently stuffed down 
out throats every day. And the solutions are different.

but IMHO, you could fix every freaking e-marketer to have perfect 
systems with perfect consent that updates based on telepathy two days 
before the end-user thinks of unsubscribing -- and the typical user 
wouldn't notice because of all the noise and pain caused by the fraud 
spammers. Worse, the e-marketing stuff keeps getting dumped onto the 
same bonfire by the "burn witches! more witches!" crowd, which 
basically derails the process from allowing anyone to focus on solving 
the first, major problem.

I'd like to suggest that we focus on the first, big problem: the group 
of mass mailers that are overtly avoiding allowing users to define 
consent through various fraudulent means. Until that issue is solved, 
nothing else matters. If folks want to start a sub-group to hash out 
issues of consent and try to work with the legitimate e-mailers to 
build a standard, great, but even if that gets resolved to everyone's 
satisfaction, it won't matter if we all wake up to 45 messages every 
morning with pretty pictures of zebras in them.

I keep thinking this group sidetracks itself by being unable to really 
define the problems it's trying to solve (instead, looking for *a* 
problem and defining *a* solution), and not setting priorities among 
them. In all honesty, if we could cut those 45 messages with zebras to 
20 messages with little bluu pills, this group would still be 
considered massive heroes, but there doesn't seem to be any interest or 
motivation towards fixing a chunk of the problem, and instead we turn 
around and chase our tails.

Don't think for a second I think this group's been useless, by the way. 
There are lots of useful things being done and lots of good mixing and 
sharing and considering. But I'm not seeing it moved to the next step, 
and the group itself seems to be somewhat passive about moving itself. 
And I think that's why the frustration level on the group is building, 
because we're tail chasing now, and nobody's defined which rabbit gets 
chased first...

And the reality is, there are a lot of rabbits and a lot of holes, and 
we need to be careful lest we step in a hole and break our ankle -- but 
right now, I feel like we're sitting in the kennel chasing each other.

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From: "Teo" <vteodorescu@btinternet.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] 4b Survey of solutions and place in taxonomy of solutions
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Taxonomy:

I think that if  IPv6 was operational it will fulfill the requirements of

1. b) ii) Tracking and
2. b) iii) (2) How was it sent - delivery path info

I am not sure what the chances of IPv6 are of ever making it into the real
net, however for completeness reasons we should include its as part of a
solution that will make the job of tracing spammers much easier. Also it
will make blacklisting / watching address blocks possible because of the
hierarchical nature of IPv6 address allocation. There might be something in
the proposed 1to1 mapping between geographical areas and address blocks
allocation.

Spammers will not be able to hide anymore, or make the job of hiding
hardware intensive, therefore more costly, thus changing the business model,
hopefully crossing the line into making it non profitable.


Teo



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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version
Cc: "'Brad Templeton'" <brad@templetons.com>, william@elan.net,
        "'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 16:33:57 -0500

At 1:04 PM -0800 3/26/03, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>We could add to the list addresses that are not actually valid - like
>the striker addresses for example.

How would you validate them?  And if you don't, why wouldn't some 
helpful person do a dictionary attack on the opt-out list in order to 
remove everyone.


-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 16:21:56 -0500

At 9:51 AM -0500 3/26/03, Alan DeKok wrote:
>  > I did not say do nothing.  I simply pointed out that you should
>>  realize that there is going to be a lot of error in some of those
>>  numbers.
>
>   Not exactly.  The questions which are asked should be such that any
>answers will contain little measurement error.  They may contain
>system errors, but since we have no way of quantifying them, there's
>little we can do to deal with them.

I guess that when asking how much spam they have, we should also be 
sure to ask how they are measuring that.  Assuming we have some false 
negative/false positive data on some tools, so that should enable us 
to adjust the results accordingly.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Kaitlin Duck Sherwood <ducky@osafoundation.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] email pull (was RE: Authentication ) 
In-Reply-To: Message from Kaitlin Duck Sherwood <ducky@osafoundation.org> 
   of "26 Mar 2003 09:57:43 PST." <1048701463.4348.235.camel@puddle> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 13:35:51 -0800


Kaitlin Duck Sherwood said:

> Q: Okay, what's the idea?
> A: Add something RSS-like to email clients, where the client
> occasionally (and infrequently) polls "subscribed" sites for new content
> and drops any new content into the normal mail stream (so that you could
> filter it into folders).  
> 
> For example, suppose I want to subscribe to the Floss Recycling
> newsletter.  The Floss Recycling Web site gives instructions on the
> subscription address and when the newsletter comes out (e.g. "Mondays at
> 3 PM PST).  I set up my email client to poll every Monday at 4 AM and to
> drop the newsletter into my FlossRecycling folder.

Kaitlin,

As a datapoint: I receive RSS gated through my mail already (I use Aaron
Swartz' rss2mail script as my blog-reading app, basically), so I can vouch
that this is a good way to receive "newsletters". ;)

Also, I put up a MailMan-to-RSS gateway at http://taint.org/mmrss/ a year
and a bit ago; I hear MM are now looking into producing RSS directly from
their archiver, which is great news.

Summary: I'm well interested in this stuff, and I think it could fly (if
the bulk mailers can be convinced).

--j.
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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: "'Brad Templeton'" <brad@templetons.com>, Teo <vteodorescu@btinternet.com>,
        asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Certs required to send mail 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> 
   of "Wed, 26 Mar 2003 11:36:29 PST." <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A3110069@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 13:44:32 -0800


Hallam-Baker, Phillip said:

> How many tarpits are set up to be proof against a subversion attack?
> Do they authenticate the information they use for targetting? 
> What happens if someone poisons the distribution of the RBL?

There's some incorrect use of terminology here; a "tarpit" simply answers
queries slowly, affecting only the TCP connection from the SMTP client.

There's no "hackback", there's no RBL use, there's nothing there to
subvert in order to cause attacks on third-party targets.

Running an SMTP transaction very very slowly will not cause any damage,
except possibly to cause resource limitation issues if the SMTP client
machine is operating a huge number of connections simultaneously -- ie.
a spammer (or a very large bulk mailer, conceivably).

"Honeypots" may be a different matter, though.

--j.
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 13:53:55 -0800

Validate them???

Like folk might not want to be on the opt-out list???

Wouldn't *.com, *.edu ... be likely a correct first guess :-)

There are plenty of ISPs complaining that they are getting tons of spam sent
to non-existent addresses. It is not a bad idea to have a way to exclude
them.

I guess someone could inherit an email address and complain that they are
not getting the spam they wanted...

		Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Kee Hinckley [mailto:nazgul@somewhere.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, March 26, 2003 4:34 PM
> To: Hallam-Baker, Phillip
> Cc: 'Brad Templeton'; william@elan.net; 'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version
> 
> 
> At 1:04 PM -0800 3/26/03, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> >We could add to the list addresses that are not actually valid - like
> >the striker addresses for example.
> 
> How would you validate them?  And if you don't, why wouldn't some 
> helpful person do a dictionary attack on the opt-out list in order to 
> remove everyone.
> 
> 
> -- 
> Kee Hinckley
> http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
> http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology 
> and Society
> 
> I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so 
> unwilling to accept
> responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so 
> eager to regulate
> everyone else's.
> 
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Justin, I owe you a couple of beers. You just paid for my time spent in 
this list... (grin. seriously). that script's something I was looking 
for to adapt for my stuff.

On Wednesday, March 26, 2003, at 01:35  PM, Justin Mason wrote:

> Also, I put up a MailMan-to-RSS gateway at http://taint.org/mmrss/ a 
> year
> and a bit ago; I hear MM are now looking into producing RSS directly 
> from
> their archiver, which is great news.

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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 22:14:41 +0000 (GMT)

On Wed, 26 Mar 2003, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:

> 
> On Wednesday, March 26, 2003, at 10:29  AM, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> 
> >> Q: Okay, what's the idea?
> >> A: Add something RSS-like to email clients, where the client
> >> occasionally (and infrequently) polls "subscribed" sites for new 
> >> content
> 
> > Hopefully Richard Bliss might not mind the credit for this idea going 
> > elsewhere... http://www.newsgator.com/ (and that's probably not the 
> > first implementation - just a very nice looking one).
> 
> It's not. Credit for RSS stuff probably circles back to Dave Winer, 
> among others.

Dave likes to *ahem* steal credit for RSS, but it was actually Netscape 
who came up with RSS. But this is a digression. I meant the idea of using 
RSS for email pull, not the credit for RSS itself. Not that this matters 
one iota.

> But the blogs have taken RSS onto their own, and a bunch 
> of folks are doing interesting things with RSS and that enables people 
> to do nice things with RSS aggregators. it's just starting to peek over 
> the horizon for most folks, but it's been building for a year or more. 
> Fascinating stuff.

4 years ;-) But yes, the applications of RSS are quite extensive.

> > I think it's an excellent idea, but not something we can force on list 
> > sources. It's also worth noting that it's only for one-way 
> > communication, so it doesn't help mailing lists.
> 
> Oh, sure it does. A bunch of us on the mailman dev lists hashed out 
> this stuff months ago, and one of us (out of the foxhole, Lawrence) 
> actually went an implemented a system that seems really pretty good. 
> With Mailman as your email core, and web archives (based around 
> MHonarc) and RSS, you have a nice distribution setup. He then grafted 
> TDMA onto the front end, effectively whitelisting all of his mail 
> lists. So on the return mail, you can either subscribe, or you can go 
> through a challenge/response to get your message posted.

Neat. Sounds a lot like the work I did on O'Reilly's WebBoard to add RSS
distribution back in 2000 (just in case anyone decides to patent this: I
still have the cvs archives). That meant you could get access to the
discussion groups via NNTP, email, Web browser, or some alternate
interface by pulling RSS files. Shame O'Reilly decided to close their
software division before we finished it ;-)

I'd very much like to see this mailman extension finished.

Matt.

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Subject: [Asrg] The "problem" from an engineering standpoint
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 14:01:31 -0800


While I know the spam definition question, though in the long term unavoidable,
is a quagmire, let me redirect to something that might not be so intractable.


That is, "what is the problem we're here to fix from an engineering perspective?"

Some in the anti-spam community have written like they think the problem
is they got a mail they didn't like or didn't ask for, and this is what
must be solved.

Let me express why I think we're here and see if people agree.


    1) Unwanted E-mail volume is sufficient to put a major burden on servers
	and pipes.
	Goal: Reduce the volume so it is a tiny fraction of desired traffic
	and thus no longer worthy of engineering notice.

    2) Unwanted E-mail volume is sufficent to reduce the signal/noise ratio
        in user E-mail boxes, making them of lower utility to their users.
	For some users (mostly outside USA), noticeable costs are also
	incurred.

	Goal: Reduce that volume to minor nuisance level, so that users are
	not averse to using E-mail because of it.  A S/N of 100 to 1 would
        certainly do this, for example.

    3) Users are afraid to reveal their E-mail address in public, mostly
        because of problem #2.

	Goal: Eliminate that fear.  May be done by eliminating problem 2, but
	there are also other ways to go after this problem.

    4) Service providers suffer undue cost handling complaints about mail
        which originated from their networks, or didn't originate there but
        appeared to originate there.

	Goal: Reduce complaint volume to manageable levels.



So while I have done nothing to rigidly define spam, I hope I have stated
why we are here, why people think there is a need to fight it, for
engineering reasons.  Is this a better place to start?
	
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] email pull (was RE: Authentication )
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Cc: Kaitlin Duck Sherwood <ducky@osafoundation.org>,
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To: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
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On Wednesday, March 26, 2003, at 02:14  PM, Matt Sergeant wrote:
>> It's not. Credit for RSS stuff probably circles back to Dave Winer,
>> among others.
>
> Dave likes to *ahem* steal credit for RSS, but it was actually Netscape
> who came up with RSS. But this is a digression. I meant the idea of 
> using
> RSS for email pull, not the credit for RSS itself. Not that this 
> matters
> one iota.

I'd point out the "among others", but point taken. RSS has been around 
longer, but I think integrating it into Manila was one thing that gave 
it momentum.

> 4 years ;-) But yes, the applications of RSS are quite extensive.

I've only been really watching RSS and CDF and stuff for 18 months, and 
I first discovered it about 2 years ago. What went on before, I haven't 
really researched yet...

> Neat. Sounds a lot like the work I did on O'Reilly's WebBoard to add 
> RSS
> distribution back in 2000 (just in case anyone decides to patent this: 
> I
> still have the cvs archives).

damn. (grin)

>  That meant you could get access to the
> discussion groups via NNTP, email, Web browser, or some alternate
> interface by pulling RSS files. Shame O'Reilly decided to close their
> software division before we finished it ;-)
>

which basically mimics what I did for the Apple lists in 1998, minus 
the RSS. and when I realized that of the many users only 12 were using 
the NNTP interface, I stopped supporting it. Some of them are still 
pissed at me, but from a time perspective, the cost per user was too 
high. Now, I'm looking at redoing all my archives in a nice, 
self-configuring way, adding RSS feeds to them, and than cloaking email 
addresses out of them for safety sake. And then after lunch, deal with 
the posting side of it.. (grin)



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Subject: [Asrg] 8.a. [Asrg]RE: Volunteering to work on the evaluation critera
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 16:21:14 -0500


(Changed title to identify the work item. Please include this in all
responses.)


Thanks, Russell. Actually, evaluation criteria should be highly based on the
requirements that are set forth. It is probably most useful to nail down
req's first. No one has volunteered for sheparding that document. Would you
like to instead focus on this same set of tasks for the requirements
document that has been started?



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Russell Brand [mailto:russell-2asrg44all-@zoemail.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, March 26, 2003 3:22 PM
> To: ASRG
> Subject: [Asrg] Volunteering to work on the evaluation critera
> 
> 
> I'd like to volunteer to gather, collate, and organize the 
> proposed evaluation criteria.  It seems that I can best do this by
> 
>     (1) to the extent practical, gather up the proposed criteria that
>         have been discussed already
> 
>     (2) put those into a document and distribute that to the list.
> 
>     (3) request that people on the list send to me a list of criteria
>         that I have left out
> 
>     (4) that I publish and updated list
> 
>     (5) request that people send to me any thoughts, arguments,
>         explanation as to why any of the various proposed criteria
>         might be MUST vs SHOULD vs NICE TO HAVE vs irrelevant
> 
>     (6) that I publish an annotated list which include the
>         argumentation on all points where there is discussion and the
>         consensus answer where one exists.
> 
> My email address is
> 
>     Russell-2asrg44all-@ZoEmail.com
> 
> please put
> 
>     EVALUATION CRITERIA       
> 
> in the header
> 
> Here is my first pass at enumeration of criteria.
> 
> 
> 
>                                *draft*
> 
>          Proposed Evaluation Criteria for Anti Spam Solutions
> 
> 
>                            $Revision: 1.3 $
>                    $Date: 2003-03-26 12:19:28-08 $
> 
> 
>                            Russell L. Brand
>                         brand@responsible.com
>                    Russell-2asrg44all-@ZoEmail.com
> 
> 
>                                *draft*
> 
> 
> 1.0 Introduction
> ================
> 
> This is an unordered simple listing of possible criteria for 
> ASRG to evaluate anti-spam solutions.
> 
> I am actively soliciting both additional criteria and also 
> argumentation/analysis as to which criteria are appropriate 
> and important and which are not.
> 
> 2.0 Current List of Criteria
> ============================
> 
> 2.1 Inexpensive
> ---------------
> 
> [2.1.1] not computational/storage expensive for the 
> (legitimate) sender 
> 
> [2.1.2] not computational/storage expensive for the recipient 
> 
> [2.1.3] not computational/storage expensive for relay
> 
> [2.1.4] does not (greatly) increase the communications requirements 
> 
> [2.1.5] does not (greatly) increase the message size
> 
> [2.1.6] makes the bad guys bare the cost rather than the 
> legitimate users 
> 
> 2.2 Unencumbered
> ----------------
> 
> [2.2.1] no undisclosed pending "submarine" patents
> 
> [2.2.2] no patents
> 
> [2.2.3] no patents that won't be readily licensed to all
> 
> [2.2.4] no patents that are so ludicrous as to be readily ignored. 
> 
> 
> 2.3 easy to use
> ---------------
> 
> [2.3.1] easy for the sender to use for ongoing communication 
> 
> [2.3.2] easy for the sender to use for a first contact situation 
> 
> [2.3.3] easy for the recipient to use for ongoing communication 
> 
> [2.3.4] easy for the recipient to use for a first contact situation  
> 
> [2.3.5] easy to use for mailing lists
> 
> [2.3.6] easy to use for carbon copies
> 
> [2.3.7] easy to remember email addresses
> 
> [2.3.8] not needing to change email addresses to start using 
> the system 
> 
> [2.3.9] ability to have only one email addresses if desired
> 
> [2.3.10] ability to have an infinite number of (eg: a pattern 
> of) of email addresses if desired 
> 
> [2.3.11] not making it harder than it is now to change email addresses
> 
> [2.3.12] not requiring users and companies to get new domain names
> 
> 2.4 easy to deploy
> ------------------
> 
> [2.4.1] can be deployed incrementally 
> 
> [2.4.2] easy to add on to existing software
> 
> [2.4.3] doesn't rely on infrastructure that doesn't exist / 
> won't be adopted
> 
> 2.5 interoperable 
> -----------------
> 
> [2.5.1] will work with webmail 
> 
> [2.5.2] will work with offline readers (pop3/imap4)
> 
> [2.5.3] will work with direct delivery
> 
> [2.5.4] will work with direct relays
> 
> [2.5.5] will work with other anti-spam systems
> 
> [2.5.6] will exchange mail between people using this system 
> and people not using this system
> 
> [2.5.7] practical to use on all operating systems 
> 
> [2.5.8] will work with existing email software packages
> 
> 2.6 highly effective
> --------------------
> 
> [2.6.1] blocks all undesired email 
> 
> [2.6.1] blocks all undesired commercial email 
> 
> 
> 2.7 persistantly effective
> --------------------------
> 
> [2.7.1] isn't just a step in an arms race
> 
> [2.7.2] will work for a long time 
> 
> [2.7.3] will provably work for forever 
> 
> 
> 2.8 doesn't interfere with the delivery of legitimate mail
> ----------------------------------------------------------
> 
> [2.8.1] legitimate mail is not delayed
> 
> [2.8.2] legitimate mail is not lost
> 
> [2.8.3] legitimate bounce messages are not lost
> 
> [2.8.4] legitimate individual mail
> 
> [2.8.5] legitimate bulk mail
> 
> 
> 2.9 single solution
> -------------------
> 
> [2.9.1] one solution that will work for all people
> 
> [2.9.1] one solution that will work for all the different 
> types of problems 
> 
> 
> 2.10 technical rather than legislative
> --------------------------------------
> 
> [2.10.1] can be made to work without relying on any legislation 
> 
> [2.10.2] can be made to work without relying on any new legislation 
> 
> [2.10.3] doesn't interfere with current enforcement actions
> 
> [2.10.4] the technical solutions provides additional help to 
> legal enforcement 
> 
> 2.11 opt-in
> -----------
> 
> [2.11.1] supports an opt-in bulk mail system
> 
> [2.11.2] supports a way to opt out of an opt-in bulk mail 
> system that one has opt into 
> 
> 
> 2.12 explainability
> -------------------
> 
> [2.12.1] easy to explain what it does
> 
> 2.13 implementability  
> ---------------------
> 
> [2.13.1] is possible to implement 
> 
> [2.13.2] is easy to implement 
> 
> [2.13.3] has already been implemented 
> 
> [2.13.4] a reference implementation is available
> 
> [2.13.5] two distinct implementations have been done
> 
> [2.13.6] a GPL version exists
> 
> 2.14 other platforms
> --------------------
> 
> [2.14.1] works for instant messengers 
> 
> [2.14.2] works for receive-only alphanumeric pagers 
> 
> [2.14.3] works for two-way alphanumeric pagers 
> 
> [2.14.4] works for SMS / phone text messenging 
> 
> 
> 2.15 Accountability and Anonymity 
> ---------------------------------
> 
> [2.15.1] trace all mail to sending person 
> 
> [2.15.2] trace all mail to sending organization 
> 
> [2.15.3] trace all mail to sending organization  but not person 
> 
> [2.15.4] prevents forged mail sending organization (but 
> permits unspecified sending organizations)
> 
> 
> [2.15.5] prevents forged mail sending individual (but permits 
> unspecified sending undividuals)
> 
> [2.15.6] allow anonymous remailers to continue working.
> 
> 
> ## end
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
cc: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>,
        "'Brad Templeton'" <brad@templetons.com>,
        "'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 13:08:02 -0800 (PST)

> >We could add to the list addresses that are not actually valid - like
> >the striker addresses for example.

I think this is called "poison pill" and different pills can be inserted 
into lists that are distributed to different parties. Then if unwanted email 
appears on this email, that can be used as verification that they 
decryppted entire opt-out list. 
 
> How would you validate them?  And if you don't, why wouldn't some 
> helpful person do a dictionary attack on the opt-out list in order to 
> remove everyone.

Similar "poison pill" system can also work for central server that 
provides authentication to get opt-out list. In this case you invent some 
easily guessable email addresses but not actually use it in any email. If 
somebody querries for it and gets opt-out no answer but then there are 
unsolicited emails coming to it, you know who did something wrong.

----
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net

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Subject: [Asrg] Basic Proposals So Far ...
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 16:18:46 -0700


I don't follow this mailing list perhaps as close as I ought to but I 
thought I would make a basic list of ideas.  Some things seem to be a 
variation of these but these are some of the basic ideas that I've seen so far.

These are:

1) Leave the message on the server and let the client retrieve the message 
allowing for unforgeable addresses.  Also allowing for post-sending 
cancelation by a sysadmin.

2) Have the client check with the sending server to see if the server 
actually sent it.

3) Charge for sending e-mail

4) A Turing Test.  (i.e., the e-mail client sends a message back to the 
sender asking some sort of question that only a person could answer.)  I 
personally like this one.  It is fast and easy.

5) Black hole lists or ways to manage them.

6) Digital certificates that say you are who you say you are.

1, 2, 3, and 4 all would only need to be performed the first time a new 
contact is initiated.  (i.e., so for example with #3, you would be charged 
$0.01 per new person you contacted via e-mail each time after that you 
would be added to a whitelist and it would pass through at no charge.)

As has been mentioned various security schemes such as SSL, digital 
signatures, etc. can be added to any/all the above for additional security.


-Art

-- 
Art Pollard
http://www.lextek.com/
Suppliers of High Performance Text Retrieval Engines.

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 16:57:35 -0800

Hang on a second here, I don't think anyone in the crypto world I'd
seriously worried about an atack which woud allow an attacker to find an
eficient inverse function for sha1 and I they did we would be sooo screwed
every other way it would not be funny.

I was thinking we would add boogus email addresses that have already found
their way to the lists...


 -----Original Message-----
From: 	william@elan.net
Sent:	Wed Mar 26 14:59:08 2003
To:	Kee Hinckley
Cc:	Hallam-Baker, Phillip; 'Brad Templeton'; 'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'
Subject:	RE: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version

> >We could add to the list addresses that are not actually valid - like
> >the striker addresses for example.

I think this is called "poison pill" and different pills can be inserted 
into lists that are distributed to different parties. Then if unwanted email

appears on this email, that can be used as verification that they 
decryppted entire opt-out list. 
 
> How would you validate them?  And if you don't, why wouldn't some 
> helpful person do a dictionary attack on the opt-out list in order to 
> remove everyone.

Similar "poison pill" system can also work for central server that 
provides authentication to get opt-out list. In this case you invent some 
easily guessable email addresses but not actually use it in any email. If 
somebody querries for it and gets opt-out no answer but then there are 
unsolicited emails coming to it, you know who did something wrong.

----
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 17:11:12 -0800

On Wed, Mar 26, 2003 at 04:57:35PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> Hang on a second here, I don't think anyone in the crypto world I'd
> seriously worried about an atack which woud allow an attacker to find an
> eficient inverse function for sha1 and I they did we would be sooo screwed
> every other way it would not be funny.
> 
> I was thinking we would add boogus email addresses that have already found
> their way to the lists...

The privacy goals are twofold.  We would like to avoid having to declare
publicly your desire to opt-out, though frankly this is not that much of
a killer.

Secondly, we would want to avoid spammers deliberately spamming all the people
who opted out because they can get a list of all of them.


The seeding idea is interesting.  It doesn't solve the first problem, your
name will still go on a list that can be made public, but as I said we can
probably survive that, it's just somewhat ironic to have to go public to
protect your privacy.

You would need to seed the opt-out list with hashes of tens of millions of fake
addresses, and those fake addresses would need to be ones that can't be
spotted as fake (they don't bounce) and which occur on popular spamming lists,
but which are not anybody's mailbox.

That's a bit of a tall order!


Reversing a secure hash is (of course) not an issue here, you don't need to
do it to turn the list of hashed addresses into real addresses when you have
the database of 50 million valid emails on CD the spammers trade around.  If
you get spam, you're on their lists, so they can make a list of everybody
on the opt-out list who is on a common spammer's list.

Now why they want to spam it I don't know, possibly for spite.  Only well hidden
overseas spammers would do it, but they would.

It is also a DoS attack on people.  If you hate somebody, extract the list of
opted out people, then fake mail from the hated person to thousands of opted
out people.  Presuming the opt-out is working, the recipients will be extra
angry, this would bring down a rain of trouble on the poor soul.

Perhaps this is the greatest danger of the opt-out list.  It also applies to
the special domain I described and all other systems though.  If opt-in were
morally acceptable, it would certainly be easier to implement, but it isn't.
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar 26 20:19:24 2003
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] The "problem" from an engineering standpoint
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I think that is ok for the first order problem, although writing this on a
rim pager, I would like to be able to decide which messages are worth payin
to download.

The second order problem caused by would be solutions is also a major
concern. It really is a prolem if email does not get through because of
filters blacklists etc. It is a problem if a blacklist starts pinging
servers repeatedly every few seconds. It is also a problem if a blacklist
attempts to blackmail me into changing isps with blacklisting based on other
customers behavior.



 -----Original Message-----
From: 	Brad Templeton
Sent:	Wed Mar 26 14:45:41 2003
To:	asrg@ietf.org
Subject:	[Asrg] The "problem" from an engineering standpoint


While I know the spam definition question, though in the long term
unavoidable,
is a quagmire, let me redirect to something that might not be so
intractable.


That is, "what is the problem we're here to fix from an engineering
perspective?"

Some in the anti-spam community have written like they think the problem
is they got a mail they didn't like or didn't ask for, and this is what
must be solved.

Let me express why I think we're here and see if people agree.


    1) Unwanted E-mail volume is sufficient to put a major burden on servers
	and pipes.
	Goal: Reduce the volume so it is a tiny fraction of desired traffic
	and thus no longer worthy of engineering notice.

    2) Unwanted E-mail volume is sufficent to reduce the signal/noise ratio
        in user E-mail boxes, making them of lower utility to their users.
	For some users (mostly outside USA), noticeable costs are also
	incurred.

	Goal: Reduce that volume to minor nuisance level, so that users are
	not averse to using E-mail because of it.  A S/N of 100 to 1 would
        certainly do this, for example.

    3) Users are afraid to reveal their E-mail address in public, mostly
        because of problem #2.

	Goal: Eliminate that fear.  May be done by eliminating problem 2,
but
	there are also other ways to go after this problem.

    4) Service providers suffer undue cost handling complaints about mail
        which originated from their networks, or didn't originate there but
        appeared to originate there.

	Goal: Reduce complaint volume to manageable levels.



So while I have done nothing to rigidly define spam, I hope I have stated
why we are here, why people think there is a need to fight it, for
engineering reasons.  Is this a better place to start?
	
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 15:31:10 -0800 (PST)

> Hang on a second here, I don't think anyone in the crypto world I'd
> seriously worried about an atack which woud allow an attacker to find an
> eficient inverse function for sha1 and I they did we would be sooo screwed
> every other way it would not be funny.
Technology advances, both in terms of scientific research on cryptography
and just pure computational force power. You can never assume it'll not be 
broken... 

In reality I was thinking more in terms of trying to add somewhat easily 
guessable poison email address to catch those doing dictionary attacks 
and using the results improperly.

But Brad is also right, if somebody has 100 million email addresses 
gathered from everywhere else and they wanted to clean it up to real 
addresses, they would check with this opt-out list of 20million addresses, 
there is good bet 99% of those 20million are contained in those 100million
(people would opt-out when they are already receiving too much unwanted 
email and their email is already known), that however does not mean there 
are no valid email addresses in remaining 80million so spammer would 
probably continue to send to all 100million anyway. 

But this does expose the problem that if you distribute list and let 
email marketing company do all validation on their own, they will get 
almost entire list. With cental server, while this is still also possible, 
at least the authority providing the service can gather statistics of how 
many queries each particulr authorized client is doing and if they see 
somebody doing brutal force check of their 100million addresses, they 
probably know its not a legit bulk mailer company. With opt-out specific 
to each domain, the ability to do central verification is gone so even if 
you see somebody doing this kind of check (which is difficult - you only 
know statistics for your domain), its unclear if you can have any serious 
response to it.

> I was thinking we would add boogus email addresses that have already found
> their way to the lists...
> 
> 
>  -----Original Message-----
> From: 	william@elan.net
> Sent:	Wed Mar 26 14:59:08 2003
> To:	Kee Hinckley
> Cc:	Hallam-Baker, Phillip; 'Brad Templeton'; 'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'
> Subject:	RE: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version
> 
> > >We could add to the list addresses that are not actually valid - like
> > >the striker addresses for example.
> 
> I think this is called "poison pill" and different pills can be inserted 
> into lists that are distributed to different parties. Then if unwanted email
> 
> appears on this email, that can be used as verification that they 
> decryppted entire opt-out list. 
>  
> > How would you validate them?  And if you don't, why wouldn't some 
> > helpful person do a dictionary attack on the opt-out list in order to 
> > remove everyone.
> 
> Similar "poison pill" system can also work for central server that 
> provides authentication to get opt-out list. In this case you invent some 
> easily guessable email addresses but not actually use it in any email. If 
> somebody querries for it and gets opt-out no answer but then there are 
> unsolicited emails coming to it, you know who did something wrong.
> 
> ----
> William Leibzon
> Elan Communications Inc. 
> william@elan.net

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Brad Templeton'" <brad@templetons.com>
Cc: "'william@elan.net'" <william@elan.net>,
        "'Kee Hinckley'"
	 <nazgul@somewhere.com>,
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 17:24:50 -0800

The list maintainer need not be one entity. All we need is agreement on the
hash function. I sugest a keyed digest with the key sha1("asrg")

You could give your email address to your participating isp, verisign, the
uspostal service or alan ralsky as you choose.

Most registrars would not keep any record of the addresses listed.


 -----Original Message-----
From: 	Brad Templeton
Sent:	Wed Mar 26 17:11:20 2003
To:	Hallam-Baker, Phillip
Cc:	'william@elan.net'; 'Kee Hinckley'; 'Brad Templeton'; 'Asrg
(asrg@ietf.org)'
Subject:	Re: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version

On Wed, Mar 26, 2003 at 04:57:35PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> Hang on a second here, I don't think anyone in the crypto world I'd
> seriously worried about an atack which woud allow an attacker to find an
> eficient inverse function for sha1 and I they did we would be sooo screwed
> every other way it would not be funny.
> 
> I was thinking we would add boogus email addresses that have already found
> their way to the lists...

The privacy goals are twofold.  We would like to avoid having to declare
publicly your desire to opt-out, though frankly this is not that much of
a killer.

Secondly, we would want to avoid spammers deliberately spamming all the
people
who opted out because they can get a list of all of them.


The seeding idea is interesting.  It doesn't solve the first problem, your
name will still go on a list that can be made public, but as I said we can
probably survive that, it's just somewhat ironic to have to go public to
protect your privacy.

You would need to seed the opt-out list with hashes of tens of millions of
fake
addresses, and those fake addresses would need to be ones that can't be
spotted as fake (they don't bounce) and which occur on popular spamming
lists,
but which are not anybody's mailbox.

That's a bit of a tall order!


Reversing a secure hash is (of course) not an issue here, you don't need to
do it to turn the list of hashed addresses into real addresses when you have
the database of 50 million valid emails on CD the spammers trade around.  If
you get spam, you're on their lists, so they can make a list of everybody
on the opt-out list who is on a common spammer's list.

Now why they want to spam it I don't know, possibly for spite.  Only well
hidden
overseas spammers would do it, but they would.

It is also a DoS attack on people.  If you hate somebody, extract the list
of
opted out people, then fake mail from the hated person to thousands of opted
out people.  Presuming the opt-out is working, the recipients will be extra
angry, this would bring down a rain of trouble on the poor soul.

Perhaps this is the greatest danger of the opt-out list.  It also applies to
the special domain I described and all other systems though.  If opt-in were
morally acceptable, it would certainly be easier to implement, but it isn't.
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: "'Brad Templeton'" <brad@templetons.com>,
        "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] The "problem" from an engineering standpoint
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 17:30:35 -0800

On Wed, Mar 26, 2003 at 05:19:30PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> I think that is ok for the first order problem, although writing this on a
> rim pager, I would like to be able to decide which messages are worth payin
> to download.

Indeed, though the network design will only be moderately influenced by the
needs of small volume users who choose to use particularly expensive channels.
We want to help them, but the ability is more limited.
> 
> The second order problem caused by would be solutions is also a major
> concern. It really is a prolem if email does not get through because of
> filters blacklists etc. It is a problem if a blacklist starts pinging
> servers repeatedly every few seconds. It is also a problem if a blacklist
> attempts to blackmail me into changing isps with blacklisting based on other
> customers behavior.
> 
Absolutely.  There are a number of general goals -- Russell is trying to
enumerate them -- which govern how we can solve the problem.

The first step though is to describe the problem from an engineering standpoint.
What's going wrong, and what is the standard to reach to declare it as
fixied.


I have an extra thing to add to the problem.  I enumerated the trouble of
ISPs handling complaints (valid and invalid) but we should also include
the problem of end users having to deal with bogus complaints.  (We are
not so worried about spammers dealing with legit complaints)

We would like to fix the DoS attack that spam can be, when somebody spams
in your name and you take the flack for it.

Any other items to add to the _problem_ set?  We can also specify the other
goals and constraints that govern now we solve the problem, such as avoiding
invalid blacklisting and so on.

But first we must identify the problem and a test to decide we have solved
it, then outline the other constraints and goals, and come up with the
best solution that solves the problem as well as it can considering the
constraints and other goals.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version
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On Wednesday, March 26, 2003, at 05:11  PM, Brad Templeton wrote:

>

> Secondly, we would want to avoid spammers deliberately spamming all 
> the people
> who opted out because they can get a list of all of them.
>
>
> The seeding idea is interesting.


if we revisit something I mentioned a while ago -- the idea of a 
"robots.txt" for e-mail, to allow a domain to define usage/consent 
rules in a standardized way. It's fairly trivial to extend that concept 
to include traps addresses, ones placed into that file specifically to 
catch people attempting to harvest and use the concent addresses. And 
any IP that mails to a trap address gets blackholed for a period of 
time.

It creates the problem of people using those addresses as an attack 
mode, but the attacks are fairly limited and can be handled: 
subscribing trappaddr@foo.com to emarketer@bar.com only gets people in 
trouble to the degree they try to mail to bar.com, and only to the 
degree that the trap address becomes known outside of the folks 
controlling the domain -- and as it becomes known, its usefulness goes 
away and it should be changed, since the spammers will figure it out 
and wash it, leaving behind only something useful for the trolls...

this is a fairly common way to trap the web robots that misbehave, it'd 
be a reasonable way to both extend consent out for email and protect 
the addresses in the file, since it wouldn't be obvious what addresses 
are the traps, only that there are traps there. and yes, trap discovery 
is an issue, but there are ways to deal with that, also.

>

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar 26 20:39:26 2003
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: "'Brad Templeton'" <brad@templetons.com>,
        "'william@elan.net'" <william@elan.net>,
        "'Kee Hinckley'" <nazgul@somewhere.com>,
        "'Asrg (asrg@ietf.org)'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 17:39:09 -0800

On Wed, Mar 26, 2003 at 05:24:50PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> The list maintainer need not be one entity. All we need is agreement on the
> hash function. I sugest a keyed digest with the key sha1("asrg")
> 
> You could give your email address to your participating isp, verisign, the
> uspostal service or alan ralsky as you choose.
> 
> Most registrars would not keep any record of the addresses listed.

Can you be more specific as to how that solves the problem?

My issue is this.   If you have a system -- any system at all -- which
will "clean" (ie. remove opted out addresses) from a large spammer's master
list (such as the lists they trade around on CD, you all have gotten spams
to buy them) then it is inherent that you will be giving them back a list
of all people on their list not in the opt-out list, and thus a list of
all people on their list who _are_ on the opt-out list.

The only way to avoid that would be what direct marketers do.  The cleaner
also delivers the spam!   You would need bonded companies which send
spam, but remove any opted out address from the mailing.  They are bonded
to not reveal the contents of the list.

This may seem bizarre but in fact is not out of the question.  This is how
the direct marketing business works.  Of course the postal service is the
only company which delivers the mail.  

But if you want to do a direct mailing, the list sellers don't give you a
copy of their list.  They prefer to give it to a trusted 3rd company that
is mailing your ads for you.  (Often they print, stuff and address for you.)
You hand them the ad, and tell them what lists you are buying, and they 
clean the lists (of dups) print, stuff, address and take it to the post
office for you.)

However, larger mailers are trusted to get lists, and for a price you can buy
them.

To avoid people "stealing" the lists, they seed them with special trap addresses.
If they get a direct mailing that they didn't rent the list for, they come and
get you.



So if there were a "official" spamhuases, which respected the opt-out list,
you would not even need to blacklist it, because you could just opt-out and
encourage your users to opt-out.

Spammers who wanted to deliver their own spam would not be able to clean their
lists, and would be subject to the full wrath of anti-spam systems.

This sort of thing has been proposed by spammers in the past, and quite
correctly we have not trusted them.  If the mailing houses however were
approved by us (meaning IETF folks and major ISPs) it's not as silly as it
sounds.   At least until everybody gets on the opt-out list, and the company
becomes moot, and we start over again, unfortunately.
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On Tuesday, Mar 25, 2003, at 18:48 US/Eastern, matthew richards wrote:
> "punters will be barred from sending emails to more than 100 e-mail 
> addresses in a 24-hour period"
>
> this is basically what i was proposing in my first post to this list. 
> now if only this feature was built into SMTP spammers would be 
> screwed... well almost.

Not really. They'd just use 1,000 different open relay SMTP servers and 
send 100 messages via each. Hell, some of them probably do that already.

On the other hand, Hotmail's "solution" has screwed a friend of mine 
who has a legitimate private opt-in low-traffic e-mail list with more 
than 100 recipients.


mathew
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On Tuesday, Mar 25, 2003, at 18:48 US/Eastern, matthew richards wrote:

<excerpt><color><param>0000,0000,0000</param><bigger>"punters will be
barred from sending emails to more than 100 e-mail addresses in a
24-hour period"</bigger></color>


<color><param>0000,0000,0000</param><bigger>this is basically what i
was proposing in my first post to this list. now if only this feature
was built into SMTP spammers would be screwed... well almost.</bigger></color>

</excerpt>

Not really. They'd just use 1,000 different open relay SMTP servers
and send 100 messages via each. Hell, some of them probably do that
already.


On the other hand, Hotmail's "solution" has screwed a friend of mine
who has a legitimate private opt-in low-traffic e-mail list with more
than 100 recipients.



mathew
--Apple-Mail-4--444820144--

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This goes back to the suggestion from myself and others, earlier on.

Once you've moved the mailing list traffic to an RSS-like "pull" 
system, you take the next step, and move all e-mail traffic to it.

Now for someone to send you e-mail, they send you the bare URL of their 
RSS feed from them to you.

The advantage over the current system is that when an ISP closes off an 
account used for spam, all the spam that was sent with that account 
gets un-sent, so those who didn't download it yet never see it.

In addition, it puts the bandwidth burden of spam on the site that's 
used to send it, rather than on the recipients, hopefully making it too 
expensive to leave your mail system insecure.

I have to confess that at this stage I forget what the objections were 
that people came up with :-(  How's that taxonomy of proposed solutions 
coming? I feel it's past time to start cataloging all the proposals on 
the web, assigning them names, and collecting the objections.


mathew

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On Wednesday, Mar 26, 2003, at 16:00 US/Eastern, Hallam-Baker, Phillip 
wrote:
> The Nigerian 419 gangs have murdered several people and kidnapped many 
> more, we have had extortions, theft, fraud, suicides and more.

I can't help thinking that 419 scams point out the danger of stupidity 
and greed, rather than the danger of spam.


mathew

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] If You Don't Fix It, The Politicians Will
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I have actually already suggested such a system. The only differences
were it did not cost anything, and it was not run by a government.

Reference:
https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg01565.html

Absolutely no one commented on it, so it's merits are still totally
unknown. I'm working on a more detailed informational paper
but based on the lack of interest, I have serious doubts I'd be
doing anything but wasting my time sharing it with anyone.

----- Original Message -----
From: "Jed Margolin" <jmsml@jmargolin.com>
To: <Asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Saturday, March 22, 2003 4:17 PM
Subject: [Asrg] If You Don't Fix It, The Politicians Will


> I am dismayed at the report that the IETF session was not productive.
>
> You should consider the following:
>
> 1. The Internet has become an important part of the Civilized World's
> infrastructure.
>
> 2. The Internet is threatened by the increasing volume of spam.
>
> 3. If the world's Internet Experts (that's you) cannot figure out how to
fix
> it, the Politicians *will*.
>
> And how do you think they will do that, considering that politicians
hardly
> ever pass up an opportunity to control things and bring in more revenue?
>
> I expect they will use the Postal Service as a model.
>
> Yes, the Sender will pay.
>
> While you might be thinking, "OK, I'm willing to pay $0.0001 per email if
it
> will eliminate spam," consider that:
>
> 1. The higher cost of snailmail has not stopped snailmail spam (junk
mail).
> [The Post Office makes money from junk mail.]
>
> 2. The higher cost of phone service has not stopped phone spammers
> (Telemarketers). [The phone companies make money from selling telcom
> services to Telemarketers.]
>
> 3. The rates for email will eventually be raised to the levels of
snailmail
> and telephone calls, perhaps higher, because of the value of almost
instant
> delivery.
>
> They will justify it by offering premium services (just like the U.S.
Postal
> Service) of secure encryption (except for the backdoor for the 3-letter
> agencies), certified delivery, delivery confirmation, etc.
>
> They could conceivably require that *all* email be routed through their
> servers in order to maintain proper control. (They'll call it the
Electronic
> Post Office.).
>
> In any event, it will require new protocols and new software for everyone
> wanting to use email.
>
> So, if you don't fix the problem, the politicians will.
>
> Their solution will cost everyone money, the democratic nature of the
> Internet will be lost, everyone will have to get new software anyway, and
it
> won't even stop spam.
>
>
> Jed Margolin
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 20:05:39 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>

> >  - I think communicating consent is hopeless and even a bad idea.  
> >   Advertisers will never entirely honor anything but "tell me more."
> >   The only person who can be trusted to honor consent is the end user.

> might *consult* my consent - including (in a particular order):
> My organisation, my ISP, a legitimate mass mailer, the courts.

The needs of the courts to determine your consent have nothing to do
with network protocols, the IETF, or the IRTF.  That extreme case
illustrates some problems with the other cases.

> And why (I know I shouldn't bite) a "bad idea"?

It's a bad idea because saying "ok, you're ok but no thanks" will get
you more spam.  Any expression sent to almost any mass mailer, no
matter how legitimate, is likely to be "checked," as in "6 months
(weeks, days, or hours) ago you said you didn't want to hear everything
from us.  surely you've changed your mind?"


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 19:15:47 -0800

> My issue is this.   If you have a system -- any system at all -- which
> will "clean" (ie. remove opted out addresses) from a large 
> spammer's master
> list (such as the lists they trade around on CD, you all have 
> gotten spams
> to buy them) then it is inherent that you will be giving them 
> back a list
> of all people on their list not in the opt-out list, and thus 
> a list of
> all people on their list who _are_ on the opt-out list.

What is the risk that you are concerned about here? That the spam
sender might send MORE email to people that don't want it?

If the list has at least as high a percentage of garbage addresses 
as the lists do on average it will be useless as a mechanism for 
validating addresses. Trying to send mail to the junk addresses will
cause bounces.

In fact ISPs receiving lots of email to closed accounts would have an
incentive to list so the list might well end up having more closed
accounts and other bogus emails than addresses of genuine folk who
want to opt out.


		Phill
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 20:32:10 -0700 (MST)

> From: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>

> >>  - I think communicating consent is hopeless and even a bad idea.
> >>   Advertisers will never entirely honor anything but "tell me more."
>
> This is bogus. It's like saying because there are hackers out there, 
> all programmers can't be trusted. Let's use an even wider brush for the 
> painting, and simply go for the entire human race in one swath.
>
> Smart advertisers have figured out that stuffing messages down user's 
> throats when they don't want them makes them a lot more likely to buy 
> your products (yeah, right).
>
> Please don't assume that since some sites (like real) are deceptive in 
> how they do their consent management and others are outright frauds 
> that everyone's like that. that simply polarizes a discussion into 
> camps that fight when cooperation is in fact needed.

Have you ever worked with or otherwise encountered a marketing
organization that will never have an enthusiastic member who will dig
out the old lists to see if any contacts might have changed their
minds?  I've know several marketing organizations up close, including
at very strongly anti-Internet-abuse over the decades, but they've
all had similar problems.

Have you heard of any marketing organization of more than ~50 people
or for a company of more than 1000 employees that has not had and will
not always have occassional spam problems?  I've not.  The difference
between hopelessly enthusiastic spammers like RealNetworks and the
rest of the Fortune 100,000 is in a matter of degree.

In fact no prgrammers can be entirely trusted because some of us are
bad guys.  That is why we have all sorts of access control mechanisms.
I think that any non-trivial "consent mechanisms" would be like root
accounts without passwords, sendmail "debug" switches, and gets() or
sprintf() functions.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] email pull (was RE: Authentication )
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 21:16:55 -0500

At 8:54 PM -0500 3/26/03, mathew wrote:
>This goes back to the suggestion from myself and others, earlier on.
>
>Once you've moved the mailing list traffic to an RSS-like "pull" 
>system, you take the next step, and move all e-mail traffic to it.
>
>Now for someone to send you e-mail, they send you the bare URL of 
>their RSS feed from them to you.

Pull is a great idea, and if we can persuade mailing list operators 
to offer it as a choice, that's great.

But it's not email.  It doesn't have a number of the necessary 
attributes for person-to-person email.
- it requires a server that is up all the time
- it requires storing outgoing email for an indefinite amount of time
- it completely the destroys the go-online, fetch, go-offline model
 From a resource and operational standpoint it looks an awful lot like 
running a web server.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 22:37:20 -0700 (MST)

> From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>

> ...
> Secondly, we would want to avoid spammers deliberately spamming all the people
> who opted out because they can get a list of all of them.
>
> The seeding idea is interesting.  It doesn't solve the first problem, your
> name will still go on a list that can be made public, but as I said we can
> probably survive that, it's just somewhat ironic to have to go public to
> protect your privacy.
> ...

> you get spam, you're on their lists, so they can make a list of everybody
> on the opt-out list who is on a common spammer's list.
>
> Now why they want to spam it I don't know, possibly for spite.  Only well hidden
> overseas spammers would do it, but they would.
> ...

Why do some spammers curently test 10,000 arbitrary user names at many
domain names to see if they are valid with either Rcpt_To "vrfy" or
trial spam?  Whatever their reasons, wouldn't it be far faster and
easier for them to get the same information using the opt-out system?

Imagine that you are a spammer and do not have a current list of
targets.  What if you test against the opt-out system a list of 10,000
or 1,000,000 user names, starting with "tom", "dick, and "harry," and
continuing with zillions of other names including message-IDs and
other strings, all combined with a few 1000 or 1,000,000 domain names?
That would give you a list of many of the entries in the opt-out list.
If you were a spammer who doesn't believe the opt-out list applies
to your important message, could you use such a list?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] email pull (was RE: Authentication )
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On Wednesday, March 26, 2003, at 06:16  PM, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> Pull is a great idea, and if we can persuade mailing list operators to 
> offer it as a choice, that's great.
>
> But it's not email.

No, but it solves THAT problem nicely. I better be careful, or I'll use 
the words "hammer" and "nails" soon. and it helps solve some of the 
e-mail problems, becaues the more you can take this kind of content out 
of the email stream, the easier it is to focus on other issues. 
Effectively, moving this stuff to RSS would whitelist it for us, which 
simplifies the problem we're trying to solve.

>   It doesn't have a number of the necessary attributes for 
> person-to-person email.

not intended to. it's a one to many solution. but a lot of email IS one 
to many.

> - it requires a server that is up all the time

not really. Good RSS readers will retry over time. It needs a server 
that's moderately well connect and moderately useful, but it'd work 
nicely over a dialup for personal stuff.

> - it requires storing outgoing email for an indefinite amount of time

why? RSS generally doesn't do that. it stores the last "N".

> - it completely the destroys the go-online, fetch, go-offline model
> From a resource and operational standpoint it looks an awful lot like 
> running a web server.
>

well, that's because you're running a web server.


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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version
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On Wed, Mar 26, 2003 at 10:37:20PM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> Why do some spammers curently test 10,000 arbitrary user names at many
> domain names to see if they are valid with either Rcpt_To "vrfy" or
> trial spam?  Whatever their reasons, wouldn't it be far faster and
> easier for them to get the same information using the opt-out system?

That is indeed the problem I am pointing out.   I noted dictionary attacks
as another possible avenue.  That's less likely with a cleaning "service"
in that the service could notice that you're trying to clean a dictionary
list, but even then it's hard to fully protect.

One way or another, if there is an opt out list, the spammers will get
ahold of most of it, and presumably abuse it.

However, it should be noted that this would be a particularly strong
offence, sent to people who are known hostile to spam, so doing this would
bring down even harsher penalties, but I wouldn't bank on their effectiveness.

If the list is seeded with tens of millions of addresses which are bogus, it
it becomes harder, but there must be no way for them to find out if those
addresses are bogus -- ie. you must not be able to verify them with vrfy,
and mail servers must accept delivery for them, or they will be quickly
weeded out.   The seeded addresses would of course contain lots of dictionary
style addresses (common names, initial plus common last name etc.)

But it would possibly result in a lot of spams you have to eat just to make
this tactic ineffective.

It was for this reason that I decided that the rather unsatisfactory approach
of getting a new mailing address that had a reserved word in the domain to
indicate opt-out was all that could be done to be immune to this particular
attack.   But it's pretty dramatic, having to get a new email.  (though you
could have an autoresponder on your old email to tell people about your
new one, and even forward the old one for a time etc.)
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From: Joe Hill <joehill@sympatico.ca>
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Could someone link me to a list of known spammer domains?

Thanks.

-- 
Warm regards,

- Joe

"When  the going gets weird, the weird turn pro."
   - H.S.T.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] email pull (was RE: Authentication ) 
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 23:57:13 -0800

On Wed, 26 Mar 2003 22:03:31 -0800 
Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com> wrote:

> not really. Good RSS readers will retry over time. It needs a server
> that's moderately well connect and moderately useful, but it'd work
> nicely over a dialup for personal stuff.

Additionally now that we're inventing whole new transports and formats
there's also nothing to say that the RSS feed wouldn't be available via
BitTorrent or a distributed gnutella-like protocol, thus requiring very
little in the way of connectivity of the original server.  Heck, all we
have to do is add conversational supports and we have NNTP redux.

</cynic>

>> - it requires storing outgoing email for an indefinite amount of time

> why? RSS generally doesn't do that. it stores the last "N".

ObNote: This assumes that the RSS feed is statically generated and not
the result of a (complex) query.  Neither need be true (and neither is
true in the case of systems I'm currently building).

>> - it completely the destroys the go-online, fetch, go-offline model
>> From a resource and operational standpoint it looks an awful lot like
>> running a web server.

> well, that's because you're running a web server.

Gack!

</cynic dammit>

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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To: Teo <vteodorescu@btinternet.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4b Survey of solutions and place in taxonomy of solutions
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 22:11:54 -0800 (PST)

You're wrong here. While ipv6 provides delivery path tracking capabilities 
(which may or may not be supported by in-between routers) for ip 
packets, this is different communication layer and only helps in tracking 
where ip came from and what routers it traversed, this has nothing to do 
with SMTP where each mail in itself can be thought of as packet 
traversing serious of nodes and for email path tracking is basicly the 
received headers. I will not go into more details here, but if you want to 
understand more, please read good book on networking or see:
http://glossary.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/dir-025/_3680.htm
http://www2.rad.com/networks/1997/nettut/protocols.html

IPv4 and IPv4 are network layer, while SMTP is application layer and one 
does not help the other that much at least in our case.

On Wed, 26 Mar 2003, Teo wrote:

> Taxonomy:
> 
> I think that if  IPv6 was operational it will fulfill the requirements of
> 
> 1. b) ii) Tracking and
> 2. b) iii) (2) How was it sent - delivery path info
> 
> I am not sure what the chances of IPv6 are of ever making it into the real
> net, however for completeness reasons we should include its as part of a
> solution that will make the job of tracing spammers much easier. Also it
> will make blacklisting / watching address blocks possible because of the
> hierarchical nature of IPv6 address allocation. There might be something in
> the proposed 1to1 mapping between geographical areas and address blocks
> allocation.
> 
> Spammers will not be able to hide anymore, or make the job of hiding
> hardware intensive, therefore more costly, thus changing the business model,
> hopefully crossing the line into making it non profitable.
> 
> 
> Teo
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 08:48:06 +0000

> 
> On Wednesday, March 26, 2003, at 12:36  PM, Jon Kyme wrote:
> 
> 
> >>  - I think communicating consent is hopeless and even a bad idea.
> >>   Advertisers will never entirely honor anything but "tell me more."
> 

Ooh - please sort out your ascribing - it was V.S. said that.
Thank you.





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From: "Tim Kehres" <kehres@ima.com>
To: "Joe Hill" <joehill@sympatico.ca>, "Antispam Research" <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <20030327023010.0885994f.joehill@sympatico.ca>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] lists of known spammer domains?
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You might try looking at some of the various RBL lists for different sets of
opinions on this.  :-)

Best Regards,

Tim Kehres
International Messaging Associates
http://www.ima.com


----- Original Message -----
From: "Joe Hill" <joehill@sympatico.ca>
To: "Antispam Research" <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, March 27, 2003 3:30 PM
Subject: [Asrg] lists of known spammer domains?


> Could someone link me to a list of known spammer domains?
>
> Thanks.
>
> --
> Warm regards,
>
> - Joe
>
> "When  the going gets weird, the weird turn pro."
>    - H.S.T.

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In-Reply-To:  <200303270305.h2R35dca028024@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
To: "Vernon Schryver"  <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 09:07:13 +0000

>
>
VS>> >  - I think communicating consent is hopeless and even a bad idea.  
>> >   Advertisers will never entirely honor anything but "tell me more."
>> >   The only person who can be trusted to honor consent is the end user.
>
JK>> might *consult* my consent - including (in a particular order):
>> My organisation, my ISP, a legitimate mass mailer, the courts.
>
VS>The needs of the courts to determine your consent have nothing to do
>with network protocols, the IETF, or the IRTF.  That extreme case
>illustrates some problems with the other cases.
>

Sorry, what? Again the non sequitur. You imply consent expression is
useless.
I point out 4 examples of entities who might consult it. The needs of *any*
entity to consult consent are *clearly* a consideration in the formulation
of a consent expression framework (be it expressed through a network
protocol,
proposed through the IETF, the IRTF or written on a matchbook).


>> And why (I know I shouldn't bite) a "bad idea"?
>
>It's a bad idea because saying "ok, you're ok but no thanks" will get
>you more spam.  Any expression sent to almost any mass mailer, no
>matter how legitimate, is likely to be "checked," as in "6 months
>(weeks, days, or hours) ago you said you didn't want to hear everything
>from us.  surely you've changed your mind?"
>

Yes maybe - so they consult your consent again. 
Is there some problem with this?

I can only assume that you see problems (unspecified) with some
particular mechanism (unspecified) of consent expression - and then
make the logical false step which leads you to conclude that
consent expression in general must have those flaws.

This is bad reasoning, and makes for bad argument.






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Subject: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 3rd version
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Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 23:44:23 -0800 (PST)

I'v made futher update to opt-out notes based on what was discussed today.
The notes are now separated into general section on what we want out 
of opt-out, how to we can do it and how to enforce it and first part can 
be used to evaluate opt-out proposals as well. I'm hoping we can finish 
with the general discussion and in the future use the notes when talking 
about actual proposals. And I do actually have idea on trying to mix #2 
and #3 together with some properties of #1

---------------------------------------------------------------

I. Requirements/Goals for Opt-Out
   1. General - To reduce amount of commercial email received 
      Pros:
	a. We all want less commercial mail!!!
	b. If at least some advertisers follow opt-out we should have less 
	   mail unwanted email
      Cons:
        b. Many are afraid that opt-out may instead bring more commercial 
           mail by allowing advertisers to confirm your email addresses

   2. To provide global opt-out system that large number of legitimate
      commercial mail entities can all use at the same time
     Pros:
	a. Standard system that you can apply to large number of lists you 
	   maybe on is convinient
	b. Standard way for marketing companies to find your opt-out 
	   preferences reduces their own cost of emailing and dealing with 
	   unhappy customers
     Cons:
	a. This only works for legitimate business that abide by these 
	   rules, everybody else will continue to do as they wish
	b. Unless we have good enforcement even some legit business may 
	   not agree to this
   3. To provide local opt-out to only particular types of email 
      or even more specific for particular maillist
     Pros:
	a. You could potentially be very specific on what emails you want 
	   to receive. For example if you're loooking for a car you'd be 
	   interested to hear about car dealership offers and advertisers
	   could be very specific to your needs which works in your favor.
	b. If advertisers know what you want they'd be able to a lot 
	   better manage their own resources.
	c. Certain global types is a must, for example children should 
	   not be expected to receive any offers of adult nature or for 
	   alcogol or cigarates and in fact this maybe againt the law 
	   depending on locality and advertisers
     Cons:
	a. Its somewhat difficult to have everybody agree on classification
	   of commercial advertisements though some very broad global 
	   scale maybe possible that will satisfy c.
	b. Even if classification is agreed, some email offers may fall 
	   into multiple categories, or are otherwise not as clear about 
	   exact type, the reality is that classifying email to be sent 
	   into certain category is still up to advertiser and this may 
	   not agree with how user who opted out would classify it
   4. To provide capabilities to temporary reduce amount of email received
     Pros:
	a. In some situations its usefull to be able to opt-out of all
	   commercial email for certain period (when you're on vacation)
	   and opt-in at another  when you actually have time or interest 
	   to read more email
     Cons:
	b. Most opt-out procedures are likely to take longer time then 
	   several day or week that you may actually be on vacation and 
	   temporary opt-out might not work that well, filters or automatic
	   forwarding of certain email to special mailbox maybe better
   5. To filter out legitimate email marketing companies from "true" spammers
     Pros:
	a. There exists email marketing industry that provides real service
           to users who really really opted to receive such emails. But 
	   these companies suffer by being compared to spammers (some are 
           like that) and standards that these companies should follow 
	   will to distiguish good marketing companies from bad.
	b. If we had clear guidelines what email marketing companies need
	   to do to not be considered spammers and this is supported by 
	   law, then they will follow it more often and our we'd have
	   less complaints about improper emails
     Cons:
	a. Bad spammers will inevitably try to diguise themselve as email 
	   marketing companies and this can make things even worse.

Note: 5 points listed above can be used as way to evaluate exact opt-out 
      technology proposals. These proposals would fall into one or more of 
      the below categories:

II. Technlogies for Opt-Out

  1. Distributed lists which use some type of encryption to allow validation 
     of particular address but not see enter list. 
     Pros:
	a. Opt-out lists can be easily cleaned up before the transmission
	b. Distribution of lists can be controlled by tightly controlled.
	   Some improper activities can be prevented by using special
	   email addresses specific for each authorized client
	   c1. Dictionary Attack prevention
	     An email that is not for valid user but easily guessable is
	     introduced. If emails are received to this address, this 
	     indicates dictionary attack was tried 
	   c2. Proper conduct in collecting emails by advertiser
	     Email addresses are added that are not actually used in email
	     (example - addresses added into webpages and collected by spiders)
	     If advertiser checks for these email address, he does not 
	     have properly collected email list 
	d. Because all advertisers that use opt-out lists sign service 
	   agreement both legal and criminal court actions are easier
     Cons:
        a. Because entire list is received by advertiser, its a lot easier 
	   for it to just check very very large list of email addresses 
	   and get practicly entire list of opt-out addresses (see above 
	   c2 how they can possibly be caught)
	b. Distribution lists can easily go sub-distributed and go beyoned 
	   authenticated base and thereafter abused
	c. Patents relating to the encryption technologies exists
	d. Concerns about who and how will make opt-out lists and distribute
	   them
	e. Concerns that opt-out lists will instead be used to verify if 
	   email address in spammer database is real
	f. Its possibly encryption technology maybe broken in some distant 
	   future
	g. It takes longest time to opt-out or change opt-out status with 
	   this technology

  2. Opt-out server. Here special service/server is made available to
     legit bulk-mailers. Anybody wishing to check if the address is 
     opt-out or not can connect to that server and check
     Variations:
	2a. One unified service is made available by the authorized agency
	2b. A number of special opt-out servers exist in parallel which
            are used/run by different groups of commercial mailers
     Pros:
	a. Opt-out lists can be cleaned up before the transmission begins
	b. Distribution of lists can be controlled by tightly controlled
	   with authentication means and distribution beyond authorized
	   advertiser is not allowed. Because its known who is accessing 
	   the list, there exist way to also detect some improper activities
	   c1. Dictionary Attack prevention - see c1 in #1 above
	   c2. Proper conduct in collecting emails by advertiser - see c2 above
	c. If improper activities are detected as in c1 or c2 or if 
	   somebody is trying to access to check way too many addresses
	   (trying to verify their 100 million emails CD), the access 
	   to client can be denied fairly fast!
	d. Because access would involve service agreement, the law may 
	   make it easier to prosecute the offenders
     Cons: 
	a. Special opt-out verification protocol may have to be developed
	b. Concerns about who and how will run opt-out service
	c. Concerns that opt-out service will instead be used to verify if 
	   email address in spammer database is real
	d. Depending how service is setup, it may take long for opt-out to 
	   work (i.e. until maketers do updates to their lists).

  3. Opt-out system maintained together with mail servers on per-domain basis.
     Variations:
      3a. Service made available as part of mail server, new command added 
          to SMTP to check opt-out preference of user on email server
      3b.  Service made available as part of mail transmission and is more 
	  tightly integrated with actually sending email, i.e. email being 
	  sent contains some preference for opt-out check and email server 
	  can based on that return email back with proper error code
	  Note: to a degree this is what some filters already do ...
      3c. Service made available through separate protocol to be run by ISP
	  on per-domain basis. 
     Pros:
	a. An opt-out is controlled by mail server operator and not any 
	   questinable central agency. 
	b. Depending on how system is implemented it maybe a lot harder to 
	   actually gather list of valid email addresses (mail server 
	   operator may choose to answer opted-out for any email address 
	   that does not exist, for example)
     Cons:
	a. A new protocol (or extensions to SMTP) need to be developed
	b. It maybe a lot harder to clean up lists before emailing
	   (maybe this this also good thing?)
	c. If implemented as in 3a all MX servers (even backups) may need 
	   to answer yes on question of opt-out, this created 
	   implementation problems and seems unnecessary
	d. Access to opt-out verification has to be made public (or at 
	   most on per email basis) and no serious authentication of who 
	   can access it can be done. These allows easy avenue for abuse.
  4. Modification of Email address to show opt-out choice. 
     Variations:
      4a.  General opt-out choice recognized by everybody, which may 
	   actually be some variation of mail service domain/subdomain
      4b.  Opt-in choice specific to particular situation or mailing list 
	   example - email+list@domain.com
     Pros:
	a. Very easy to implement and does not require new technology, 4b 
	   is already actively used by many
	b. Address itself shows optout choice, so spammers can not do
           email address cleanup for purposes of finding valid address
	   Note: this is also a Con!
	c. Opt-out choice is controlled by each individual user and not by 
	   external entity (be it central agency or mail service provider)
     Cons:
	a. This generally requires us to use different email address then 
	   what we already do, often even more then one. It does not address
	   issues with existing currently use email addresses (see
           section I on what we want to do), this is a BIG Con.
	b. Use of "special" email address may also be taken by spammers as 
	   verification that email address is valid!

Below are possible ways to deal with those that do not comply with opt-out
standards if any are to be developed

III. Enforcement of Opt-Out
   Note: #1 and #2 below may well be done in parallel
   1. Done by goverment by legislation to have all commercial email marketers
      participate in some system or abide by specific protocol standards
      Enforcement is afterwards left to courts
      Pros:
	a. There would be clear guidelines for commercial email senders to 
	   follow and if they do not they will pay an actual price for it 
	b. Its a lot more likely commercial businesses will follow the law
      Cons:
	a. This maybe problematic when considering email as global system 
	   and not specific to US or EU laws
	b. It takes some time for laws to be passed and then be verified 
	   in courts to be workable
   2. Enforcement is left to ISP/mail server operators through use of 
      filters if email is found to be from commercial email marketer
      that is known to mail server operator
      Pros:
	a. Filtering is already well adapted technology
	b. When email is found to have violated opt-out choice, stopping 
	   future email from the particular marketer is easy and fast 
	   (blacklist) but it does require marketers to be well identified
      Cons:
	a. Use of filtering means some email will inevitably be filtered 
	b. Filters will never completed stop unwanted email even with 
           opt-out choice, some email marketers may choose not to follow it


------
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net

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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 12:04:23 +0100

On Wed, Mar 26, 2003 at 10:37:20PM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> Why do some spammers curently test 10,000 arbitrary user names at many
> domain names to see if they are valid with either Rcpt_To "vrfy" or
> trial spam?

What evidence do you have they do?
I can't see this happen. We host about 10000 domains and we do log VRFY
commands. I see about one VRFY a day and and checking the session it's not
from spammers but someone using a telnet connection to speak SMTP and
playing around.

If you mean by verify that they use
  mail1.asp-platform.com:216.109.92.216 rejected:
    <NOLIST-v1-2667199534-7346-78-ROBHERBER**BAYERN*NET@MAIL2.ASP-PLATFORM.COM>
    to <ROBHERBER@BAYERN.NET>
this would mean that they care for the results. They don't. Although the
above inject results in a permanent error every time, they did exactly
the same sender/recipient pair about 70 times within the last 12 hours.
Probing would mean doing it once, ok maybe 2-3 times to be sure, but not
70 times within 12 hours or 208 times within the last 36 hours or 368
times within the last 60 hours

The last "massive spam attack" were about 5 million bounces where the
spammers used the same username as sender name they used for the recipient,
i.e.
    from	user@bouncevictim.domain
    to		user@target.domain
they didn't get the bounces back. We got them.
They simply don't care and why should they?

I have yet to see a reason why spammers should honor an opt-out list at all.
With snail mail it a massive cost factor, so "robinson lists" save a lot
of money for the sender.
With email nobody cares. And you will never get a law to enforce this
policy. And if you get it in country one they abuse it in country two.
And what worldwide resolutions/agreements mean this days can be seen in
tv and every newspapers for the last few days.

Discussing opt-out list strategies is IMHO a waste of time.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 11:19:43 -0000
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Hi, William

You are of course correct as to the division in layers etc, as per the OSI
model.

However, if something bothers you in one layer (spam email) you can dig in
the underlying layers (maybe not through SMTP, but do we limit ourselves to
SMTP?) to find out where the offending packets came from. You still have to
figure out what to do about it, however at the moment there is much IP
spoofing etc.

If a spam email source was traced to a single computer, then blacklisting
that computer will force the spammer to at least change the network card,
maybe more if the NIC is on the motherboard. The added time / money expended
by spammers might tip the balance into the unprofitable range.

in IPv6 there is a hardware component to the way the IP address is
constructed, also the plan is to allocate the non-hardware ranges by
geographical region. This might also help if you then set your email client
/ server spam filter to only accept mail from your chosen countries, leaving
out the wilder regions of the globe.

Regards

Teo

----- Original Message -----
From: <william@elan.net>
To: "Teo" <vteodorescu@btinternet.com>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, March 27, 2003 6:11 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 4b Survey of solutions and place in taxonomy of
solutions


> You're wrong here. While ipv6 provides delivery path tracking capabilities
> (which may or may not be supported by in-between routers) for ip
> packets, this is different communication layer and only helps in tracking
> where ip came from and what routers it traversed, this has nothing to do
> with SMTP where each mail in itself can be thought of as packet
> traversing serious of nodes and for email path tracking is basicly the
> received headers. I will not go into more details here, but if you want to
> understand more, please read good book on networking or see:
> http://glossary.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/dir-025/_3680.htm
> http://www2.rad.com/networks/1997/nettut/protocols.html
>
> IPv4 and IPv4 are network layer, while SMTP is application layer and one
> does not help the other that much at least in our case.
>
> On Wed, 26 Mar 2003, Teo wrote:
>
> > Taxonomy:
> >
> > I think that if  IPv6 was operational it will fulfill the requirements
of
> >
> > 1. b) ii) Tracking and
> > 2. b) iii) (2) How was it sent - delivery path info
> >
> > I am not sure what the chances of IPv6 are of ever making it into the
real
> > net, however for completeness reasons we should include its as part of a
> > solution that will make the job of tracing spammers much easier. Also it
> > will make blacklisting / watching address blocks possible because of the
> > hierarchical nature of IPv6 address allocation. There might be something
in
> > the proposed 1to1 mapping between geographical areas and address blocks
> > allocation.
> >
> > Spammers will not be able to hide anymore, or make the job of hiding
> > hardware intensive, therefore more costly, thus changing the business
model,
> > hopefully crossing the line into making it non profitable.
> >
> >
> > Teo
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>

_______________________________________________
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 12:46:17 +0100

On Thu, Mar 27, 2003 at 11:19:43AM -0000, Teo wrote:
> in IPv6 there is a hardware component to the way the IP address is
> constructed,

which will most likely never been seen outside the LAN, as routers will
either not route the addresses or will rewrite them.

> also the plan is to allocate the non-hardware ranges by
> geographical region. This might also help if you then set your email client
> / server spam filter to only accept mail from your chosen countries, leaving
> out the wilder regions of the globe.

The plan is obsolete. Current allocation practise has already broken
this concept.
Also blocking mails based on geographical information is not a solution
to the problem.

Current allocation practise is to allocate at least /64 blocks. That are
2^64 addresses. This means everyone will have at least 2^64 addresses.
In a small company this will be fun: Hack one host and grab the
2^64-10 or so free addresses and you can send each spam mail from a
different IPv6 address.

IPv6 will not contribute to solving the spam problem in any way.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 09:26:51 -0500

At 10:03 PM -0800 3/26/03, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
>>   It doesn't have a number of the necessary attributes for 
>>person-to-person email.
>
>not intended to. it's a one to many solution. but a lot of email IS 
>one to many.

I don't disagree.  However there have been a number of proposals made 
to this list that assumed it would be a drop-in replacement for all 
email.

>>- it requires a server that is up all the time
>
>not really. Good RSS readers will retry over time. It needs a server 
>that's moderately well connect and moderately useful, but it'd work 
>nicely over a dialup for personal stuff.

Not for the average end-user.  For someone who was conscious that 
they were running a service, and made an effort to be online a 
reasonable amount of the time, yes.  We've had this discussion on a 
previous thread wrt a proposal to make email end-to-end instead of 
store and forward.

>>- it requires storing outgoing email for an indefinite amount of time
>
>why? RSS generally doesn't do that. it stores the last "N".

True, but RSS also usually points at a web server that has the rest 
of the messages.  Again--primarily an issue if you are trying to 
replace N to N, not so much for 1 to N.

>>- it completely the destroys the go-online, fetch, go-offline model
>>From a resource and operational standpoint it looks an awful lot 
>>like running a web server.
>>
>
>well, that's because you're running a web server.

Precisely.  Again, primarily an issue only if you are trying to 
replace something other than a mailing list.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 09:39:03 -0500

At 7:07 PM +0000 3/26/03, Tony Finch wrote:
>Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
>>At 10:36 AM -0700 3/26/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>>>Oh, I was confused.  I think spending time on bounce formats is a
>>>bigger waste of time than "internationalizing" error messages from
>>>programs.  In practice, computer error messages are always opaque
>>>cybercrud to everyone except the priesthood.  "ABEND 12345" may be a
>>
>>I would take this as a *reason* to standardize them.  Given that they
>>are getting even more confusing.  The point isn't to standardize them
>>for humans--but for computers.
>
>What's wrong with these?

Bear in mind that I've just gone and skimmed these.  So if I've 
misrepresented one, let me knomw.

>
>3461 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Service Extension for
>      Delivery Status Notifications (DSNs). K. Moore. January 2003.
>      (Format: TXT=76076 bytes) (Obsoletes RFC1891) (Status: DRAFT
>      STANDARD)

This requires that the sending MTA request extended result codes 
which makes widespread deployment more difficult.

>3463 Enhanced Mail System Status Codes. G. Vaudreuil. January 2003.
>      (Format: TXT=31832 bytes) (Obsoletes RFC1893) (Status: DRAFT
>      STANDARD)

Right idea, but the semantics we are looking for aren't covered 
there, and I think they are complex enough that we're going to have 
to specify standard contents for the text part of the response as 
well as the numeric code.

>
>3464 An Extensible Message Format for Delivery Status Notifications.
>      K. Moore, G. Vaudreuil. January 2003. (Format: TXT=83060 bytes)
>      (Obsoletes RFC1894) (Status: DRAFT STANDARD)


This looks like a good base for the replies.  What we need to do is 
standardize on a set of headers that fit within the framework.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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On Thursday, March 27, 2003, at 03:04  AM, Markus Stumpf wrote:

> I have yet to see a reason why spammers should honor an opt-out list 
> at all.
> With snail mail it a massive cost factor, so "robinson lists" save a 
> lot
> of money for the sender.
>
It's yet another example of lumping the e-marketers in with the 
fraudulent spammers, and assuming they're one in the same in search of 
"a solution". The e-marketing segment is a different beast (and a much 
tinier problem) to the problem of all that forged garbage. The folks 
who are already hiding themselves won't deal with opt-out lists, other 
than to grab them to spam to them, also. Opt-out lists would be great 
with the e-marketing segment, but 100% compliance in that segment 
woldn't even be noticed if we don't fix the bigger problem.


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On Thursday, March 27, 2003, at 06:26  AM, Kee Hinckley wrote:

>
>>> - it requires a server that is up all the time
>>
>> not really. Good RSS readers will retry over time. It needs a server 
>> that's moderately well connect and moderately useful, but it'd work 
>> nicely over a dialup for personal stuff.
>
> Not for the average end-user.

But the users we're talking about already aren't running those 
services. Or if they are, it's as a yahoogroup. So I see that as a 
non-issue. Although frankly, some of the stuff being done with MacOS X 
shows ways we can make it point and click friendly for them, too.


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> From: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>

> ...
> > Pull is a great idea, and if we can persuade mailing list operators to 
> > offer it as a choice, that's great.
> >
> > But it's not email.
>
> No, but it solves THAT problem nicely. I better be careful, or I'll use 
> the words "hammer" and "nails" soon. and it helps solve some of the 
> e-mail problems, becaues the more you can take this kind of content out 
> of the email stream, the easier it is to focus on other issues. 
> Effectively, moving this stuff to RSS would whitelist it for us, which 
> simplifies the problem we're trying to solve.
> ...

Who is we and what is our prblem, kemo sabe?

Collaboration, text messaging, and information sharing mechanisms
other than mailing lists sound interesting, but here they are as
relevant as flamewars about who is really behind SPEWS or lying about
whether SPEWS listed all of UUNET.  For better or worse, we're supposed
to fix the hammer that is email so that it drives fewer crooked spam
nails.  If the word "hopeless" fits expecting 500,000,000 users and
30,000,000 system administrators to install new email software to fix
spam (it does fit), then what is the word for expecting many of those
500M people to switch to something that is not email?

Would it make sense for this mailing list to conclude with "spam can't
be fixed, so stop using email"?  Perhaps so, but discussions of the
replacement for email would be off-topic.

I've found the talk of RSS interesting, but it seems off-topic here.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 16:56:02 +0100

On Wed, Mar 26, 2003 at 04:18:46PM -0700, Art Pollard wrote:
> 1) Leave the message on the server and let the client retrieve the message 
> allowing for unforgeable addresses.

What I never understood with this setup is:
   How do I as a person know that some server somewhere has a message for me
   without the server sending me an email/notification telling me he has
   email for me.

Alice wants to send me a email. She opens her mail client and writes the
text, fills in my email address.
What happens next?
Do I get a short notification that Alice's server has a message for me
waiting? This would really be a big gain. I have the notice in my
mailbox and I have to make a connection to another server, do some sort
of authentication there (otherwise everyone could retrieve my email).
And of course I would also get a lot of those "notifications" from
spammers. And I would have to wade through them and delete them. What is
the difference to just delete the spam message.
Ok, my mailbox isn't filled with spam, but it's filled with messages
telling me spam is waiting on the servers.

And what if Alice chooses to change the provider? Then she writes from
a different server, even if the has the same email address.
Would you trust the new server or would you just delete the notification?
What is the gain with this system if spammers continue to fake sender
addresses just like they do now?

> Also allowing for post-sending cancelation by a sysadmin.

You mean like "the sender wishes to reclaim the message sent to you
earlier?" Surely not without (strong) cryptography. And that would
require a - non existant - distributed Internet wide PKI.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 08:57:18 -0700 (MST)

> From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>


> > Why do some spammers curently test 10,000 arbitrary user names at many
> > domain names to see if they are valid with either Rcpt_To "vrfy" or
> > trial spam?  Whatever their reasons, wouldn't it be far faster and
> > easier for them to get the same information using the opt-out system?
>
> That is indeed the problem I am pointing out.   I noted dictionary attacks
> as another possible avenue.  That's less likely with a cleaning "service"
> in that the service could notice that you're trying to clean a dictionary
> list, but even then it's hard to fully protect.

I don't understand that.  I am talking about a dictionary attack on
the opt-out list.  Separately, anyone running an SMTP server and paying
any attention notices some current dictionary attacks.  Some dictionary
attack spamware seems to be multi-threaded and hits SMTP servers with
100s of names per second.

> ...
> If the list is seeded with tens of millions of addresses which are bogus, it
> it becomes harder, but there must be no way for them to find out if those
> addresses are bogus -- ie. you must not be able to verify them with vrfy,
> and mail servers must accept delivery for them, or they will be quickly
> weeded out.   The seeded addresses would of course contain lots of dictionary
> style addresses (common names, initial plus common last name etc.)
> ...

Enough people already use trap lists such as
http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/dict-attack.html so that there are
millinos of such traps.  They are somewhat effective for things like
the DCC, but they're certainly not The Final Solution To Spam.

> ...
> It was for this reason that I decided that the rather unsatisfactory approach
> of getting a new mailing address that had a reserved word in the domain to
> indicate opt-out was all that could be done to be immune to this particular
> attack.   But it's pretty dramatic, having to get a new email.  (though you
> could have an autoresponder on your old email to tell people about your
> new one, and even forward the old one for a time etc.)

I don't understand that because it seems to imply that people either
opt-out of everything or nothing.  Anyone who want's to opt-out of
everything is best served by not having an address, or at least not
having an address that is ever given to anyone but very close personal
friends who won't pass it on.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 11:04:36 -0500

 
I am new to this list, but thought I would see if I could contribute
a bit here or there.

I have been programming for quite a while(30 yrs or so), worked on every
thing from simple applications to device drivers.  

I do have some questions about the solutions/ideas talked about.  I
was wondering why not have the "TO:" field be required to be verifiable
from each stop.   I know this would increase the bandwidth requirements
of each email, but it would also prevent unidentified emails (99% of
the spam I get are unidentified).   If the MTA would validate on 
arrival and unvalidated email gets rejected, you at least have an identified
user to squash when spammed.  

Next, I do think you need federal legislation that creates the email
equivalent of a "do not call" list that any legitimate bulk emailer
must consult.  I think it must be accepted that bulk emailers are
going to be around, will operate with/without your consent...

The problem I see is that on the sending end, anyone can create a
bulk email business for virtually no cost.
 
I personally use a whitelist for most of my expected email, but expect
to get several that are unexpected, but not spam.  The unexpected are
filtered, I get false positive and false negatives, I still have to 
get rid of the junk...(interesting enough, 99% of my spam is in html
email which I never read, if it gets to me as html and valid I tell
the person to use plain text and add them to my whitelist).  
 
Any solution that requires users to change their tools/upgrade/do something
different is OK, they have the incentive to do it so as to 
get rid of spam.
 
Any solution that requires an ISP to change/upgrade/do something different
is much less likely to happen since you still have open relys out there
that haven't been updated in years...  If it costs money it aint 
gonna happen.   Besides, my ISP could get into trouble if they started
blocking emails I wanted...  
 
The problem has to be solved on the sending end or you do not have
a solution.  The only ideas that seem to make sense are the idea of
validating the sender at each hop (then as more and more MTAs get 
updated to do this, the sender is better identified and can be blocked)
and the idea of estamps.
 
Tony Preston
Systems Engineer - AS&T Corp, Division of L3
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 09:14:39 -0700 (MST)

> From: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>

> ...
> > Why do some spammers curently test 10,000 arbitrary user names at many
> > domain names to see if they are valid with either Rcpt_To "vrfy" or
> > trial spam?
>
> What evidence do you have they do?
> I can't see this happen. We host about 10000 domains and we do log VRFY
> commands. I see about one VRFY a day and and checking the session it's not
> from spammers but someone using a telnet connection to speak SMTP and
> playing around.

I see almost no use of the SMTP VRFY or EXPN commands.  Instead I and
many others see uses of the SMTP RCPT_To command (sometimes followed by
DATA) to get the same effect as VRFY.  Note that sendmail does not
normally log RCTP_To commands used in place of VRFY.

> ...
> I have yet to see a reason why spammers should honor an opt-out list at all.

Spammers vary.  Some don't want to offend prospective customers and
see everyone as a prospect.  Others don't have as as much foresight
and don't care if they offend non-customers.

> ...
> Discussing opt-out list strategies is IMHO a waste of time.

I think "arranging deck chairs on the Titanic" fits.  It's not a
complete waste, but so far the benefits seem unlikely to be enduring.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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On Thursday, Mar 27, 2003, at 15:45 Europe/London, Vernon Schryver 
wrote:

> Who is we and what is our prblem, kemo sabe?

TINW.

The problem (ok, just one of the problems) is to stop spam without 
harming legitimate business needs to get their subscriber info out.

To make this relevant to the DCC, the DCC marks bulk mail. If you could 
get legit bulk mailers (newsletters) to switch to pull, then more of 
the bulk mail is spam, and this makes the DCC more of an effective tool 
to combat spam.

I don't think it's irrelevant here at all. We all acknowledge that we 
need a multiple of solutions (no single solution), and this might 
fulfill some needs here.

Matt.

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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 17:31:26 +0100

On Thu, Mar 27, 2003 at 11:04:36AM -0500, Preston, Tony wrote:
> The problem has to be solved on the sending end or you do not have
> a solution.  The only ideas that seem to make sense are the idea of
> validating the sender at each hop (then as more and more MTAs get 
> updated to do this, the sender is better identified and can be blocked)
> and the idea of estamps.


What exactly do you mean with "validating".
We have some 1000 POP3/IMAP customers that use our mailservers also for
relaying.
Should we disallow our customers to send emails with a different
envelope sender than the one they have authenticated (SMTP AUTH) with?
How about small companies that host their own mailserver?

If not and he uses  joe@example.com, the SMTP server could go down a
chain of LDAP/X.500 server and query the server for example.com whether
joe@example.com exists.

This leads at least to three problems:
1) Those LDAP/X.500/whatever servers will be vulnarable to dict query
   attacks and will reveal valid email addresses that helps the bad guys
   to clean up and populate their databases
2) it reveals nothing about the identity of the sender. Everyone could
   use  joe@example.com  and no MTA has a chance to know whether it's
   real or fake.
3) it doesn't prevent spammers to allocate another 12345abcde.com domain
   for two weeks, set up a LDAP/X.500/whatever server that always
   answers "validated" and spam on.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 17:48:06 +0100

On Thu, Mar 27, 2003 at 09:14:39AM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> DATA) to get the same effect as VRFY.  Note that sendmail does not
> normally log RCTP_To commands used in place of VRFY.

I use a heavily patched qmail and I see everything ;-) like
   12-247-32-83.client.attbi.com:12.247.32.83
	allowed: <MikeRiley22@optinnow.net> to <ann@space.net>
using this method against a qmail smtpd doesnt make sense at all, as
qmail will accept all messages, except for blocked sender addresses
(badmailfrom).

> Spammers vary.  Some don't want to offend prospective customers and
> see everyone as a prospect.  Others don't have as as much foresight
> and don't care if they offend non-customers.

I have talked to a former customer (a publisher of computer magazines)
who did a spam mailing to about 50000 addresses to get new subscribers.
He said he doesn't care much about offending. The users that read it
and find it interesting aren't offended and do a trial or become
subscribers at once. The ones that are not interested may be offended,
but he doesn't care about them.
IMHO the problem with spam is that it still works, 'cause if they are
interested they say "damn, it's spam, but it's interesting" and they
but it.

I also know about a smaller ISP that fought (and fights) spam whenever
possible. But when one of the admins was spammed with a offering for
cheap USENET news service via satellite they signed the contract with
that company. *sigh*

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 17:57:24 +0100

On Thu, Mar 27, 2003 at 04:16:33PM +0000, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> If you could 
> get legit bulk mailers (newsletters) to switch to pull,

They won't.
There already is a "pull" method, it's called HTTP and it doesn't work.
Think about a weekly newsletter. You surf the Web, find it interesting
and subscribe. You get it delivered each week straight to you mailbox.
Would you use the "pull" method and visit the website every week, just
to pull? Would you come back, if there is one issue that isn't too
interesting?
Nearly every company I know of has their product infos ready for "pull".
But they use push mailinglists to contact their customers and refresh
their memory and deliver information just in time and when it's
relevant.
They won't want to loose that instrument.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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william@elan.net wrote:
>    2. To provide global opt-out system that large number of legitimate
>       commercial mail entities can all use at the same time
>      Pros:
> 	a. Standard system that you can apply to large number of lists you 
> 	   maybe on is convinient
> 	b. Standard way for marketing companies to find your opt-out 
> 	   preferences reduces their own cost of emailing and dealing with 
> 	   unhappy customers
>      Cons:
> 	a. This only works for legitimate business that abide by these 
> 	   rules, everybody else will continue to do as they wish
> 	b. Unless we have good enforcement even some legit business may 
> 	   not agree to this

I think it needs to be stated explicitly: the business models of most 
"mailing houses", legitimate or otherwise, provide a financial 
disincentive to following any "global opt-out list".  Ie: mailing houses 
charge "per impression". The global opt-out reduces their "impression" 
count...

If global opt-out were to work in any meaningful sense of the term, it 
has to be _forced_, either by legal means or a clear fear of impending 
legal means.

I think the eMPS provides ample proof that a strictly voluntary one 
isn't working.

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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 13:18:54 -0600


 Concerning some of the threads I have read (and have participated in) that
turned into flame wars.

 I do believe that I can be a valuable and contributing member of this
group.
 I am a real world postmaster and I blocked over 1.1 billion spam messages
in 2000-2001 for a corporation that had just over 100k email addresses. Some
of you know me personally and know that I am a really easy going person. I
am also very busy, and as you can imagine, I do not have time to read every
single email as thoroughly as I would like. I can sometimes fail to state my
opinions in concise and formatted statements... I am therefore apologizing
in advance.

 I really want this group to be successful. It literally means millions of
dollars to me in resources that are currently only being used to combat
spam.

 So I will make these statements:

 I will not pretend to know something I don't.
 I will try not to sound authoritative on something that I don't know much
about.
 My spam is not better than your spam.
 You are most likely much smarter than I.
 You can pee-pee much further than me, I don't care to compete.
 If I ask you to read my mind, please tell me not to. (unless you actually
can, in which case, sorry for the misspellings)
 I do not want to fix SMTP, I want to break spam. 
 I am a FIRM believer in rDNS of some type.


 Would anyone care to add to my list?

Regards,
Damon Sauer

 
 


*****
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> From: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
> To: "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] My ideas...
> Organization: SpaceNet AG, Muenchen, Germany
>
> On Thu, Mar 27, 2003 at 11:04:36AM -0500, Preston, Tony wrote:
> > The problem has to be solved on the sending end or you do not have
> > a solution.  The only ideas that seem to make sense are the idea of
> > validating the sender at each hop (then as more and more MTAs get
> > updated to do this, the sender is better identified and can be
blocked)
> > and the idea of estamps.
>
>
> What exactly do you mean with "validating".
> We have some 1000 POP3/IMAP customers that use our mailservers also
for
> relaying.
> Should we disallow our customers to send emails with a different
> envelope sender than the one they have authenticated (SMTP AUTH) with?
> How about small companies that host their own mailserver?
>
What I mean is that if joe@example.com is the FROM user, he should exist
on example.com, a query to example.com would check to see if that is
true.

This would at least give you a user on a site that is responsible for
sending.  I realize
that a spammer just sets up the account joe.  What this does do is that
the first hop
from example.com will validate that there is the user joe and add the
validation header
to the email.   Each hop would ask the same question.

This is a lot of overhead in the email, it would happen on every email
on every hop.
The affect would be similar to the tarpit idea since it would hit the
guy doing the
sending with 10000 requests times the hops if he sends out 10000
emails...
Even if the headers are faked, you still know you got the email from the
current
connection, you can record it.  This gives you the ip address of the
spammer
and can be blocked.   If the validation fails, it would have to be
resolved before
the user joe could send email.

Sending email with a different envelope would have to be handled by
having a
validated FROM that will give the "THIS IS OK".   Sending with a fake
email
that will not validate gets the email bounced.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: [Asrg] Requirements for gathering statistics
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 09:42:07 -0500

  I've received a significant amount of private mail about this topic.
Most express concerns about bias due to "who decides what is spam, and
how do they do that."

  I am in the process of writing a draft document which proposes
reasons for gathering data, goals, which measurements to make about
spam, how to make them, and how the data analysis is done.  When I'm
done (within a week, I hope), I will post it here for further
comments.

  The document will include an introduction to data collection
methodology, and examples which will hopefully make it clear that:

  a) we CAN gather meaningful statistics about spam
  b) analysis of that data will help us understand the current scope
     of the problem.

  Alan DeKok.
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To: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 15:16:18 -0500
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Hmmm well given that I work part-time as a psychic, I will accept all of those
for myself except the mind-reading one *grins*

I agree Damon and Im a newbie to this world but struggling with the learning
curve so I won't claim to any expertise at all. Im sure you are all smarter than
me.

"Sauer, Damon" wrote:

>  Concerning some of the threads I have read (and have participated in) that
> turned into flame wars.
>
>  I do believe that I can be a valuable and contributing member of this
> group.
>  I am a real world postmaster and I blocked over 1.1 billion spam messages
> in 2000-2001 for a corporation that had just over 100k email addresses. Some
> of you know me personally and know that I am a really easy going person. I
> am also very busy, and as you can imagine, I do not have time to read every
> single email as thoroughly as I would like. I can sometimes fail to state my
> opinions in concise and formatted statements... I am therefore apologizing
> in advance.
>
>  I really want this group to be successful. It literally means millions of
> dollars to me in resources that are currently only being used to combat
> spam.
>
>  So I will make these statements:
>
>  I will not pretend to know something I don't.
>  I will try not to sound authoritative on something that I don't know much
> about.
>  My spam is not better than your spam.
>  You are most likely much smarter than I.
>  You can pee-pee much further than me, I don't care to compete.
>  If I ask you to read my mind, please tell me not to. (unless you actually
> can, in which case, sorry for the misspellings)
>  I do not want to fix SMTP, I want to break spam.
>  I am a FIRM believer in rDNS of some type.
>
>  Would anyone care to add to my list?
>
> Regards,
> Damon Sauer
>
>
>
>
> *****
> "The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to
> which it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary, and/or
> privileged material.  Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use
> of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or
> entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited.  If you received
> this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from all
> computers."
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

--
Michael Ellis, IAPP
Privacy Manager
Date.com
  Phone   (416) 306-0022 ext 620
  Fax     (416) 306-0023

Date.com - "The New Way To Date"



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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Thu Mar 27 16:13:06 2003
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Subject: [Asrg] 7.c Mass Mailers, reliability, and lack thereof
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 16:07:16 -0500

  There have been complaints by mass mailers about their emails not
reaching intended recipients.  Internet email to residential accounts is
not five-nines reliable today, never was in the past, and never will be.
Deal with it.

  The advertisers are *DEMANDING* that their spam^H^H^H^H "legitimate
commercial email" *NOT* be blocked.  This results in the more cynical
amongst us feeling that the "JamSpam" initiative might be better named
"JamSWpamDownYourThroat"

  Enough of my criticisms; have I got a better solution?  What if all
those millions of recipients *REALLY* *REALLY* *REALLY* want those
"newsletters", etc?  Personally, I think that claim is a sick joke on
par with claiming that people love to have their supper interrupted by
telemarketers.  However, I'm willing to give e-marketers the opportunity
to prove me wrong.  Let's assume, for the sake of argument, all those
people on the "Millions CDs" really *DID* want those ads.

  There is a very simple solution that would not require any
conferences, or standards, or legislation.  The email marketers could
set up their own "legitimate commercial email delivery" ISP, which they
would control, and willing "newsletter subscribers" could join that ISP.
Not only will they have the end-to-end-control necessary to guarantee
delivery of their messages to willing subscribers, but those people who
buy stock early in the new ISP will MAKE_MONEY_FAST as the stock shoots
up through the roof when millions of newsletter-starved subscribers come
crawling in on their hands and knees, begging to be allowed to join up.
The financial carnage amongst today's big ISPs will be horrendous when
people find out about all the "exciting offers" they've been missing and
abandon today's big names in droves.

  OK e-marketers, if you're really telling the truth about all your
millions of eager "double-opt-in-subscribers", this is your opportunity
to...
  - guarantee email delivery *TO WILLING RECIPIENTS ONLY*
  - and make a financial killing
  - and prove that you aren't out to JamSpamDownTheThroats of unwilling
    recipients

  I'm even willing to be there to cut the ribbon at the opening ceremony
for that ISP.  ***PUT UP OR SHUT UP***.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
An infinite number of monkeys pounding away on keyboards will
eventually produce a report showing that Windows is more secure,
and has a lower TCO, than linux.
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On Thursday, March 27, 2003, at 01:07  PM, waltdnes@waltdnes.org wrote:

> Let's assume, for the sake of argument, all those
> people on the "Millions CDs" really *DID* want those ads.

Yet another case of lumping legitimate e-marketing operations in with 
the spammers. No wonder nobody makes any progress on this stuff (and no 
wonder they won't talk to you about issues, walt)

As long as people carry these kinds of attitudes around, why should 
anyone be surprised that the legitimate e-marketers avoid you like the 
plague, anyway? it's not useful, not productive, and it doesn't help 
solve anything here.

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On Thursday, March 27, 2003, at 11:20  AM, Tony Preston wrote:

> What I mean is that if joe@example.com is the FROM user, he should 
> exist
> on example.com, a query to example.com would check to see if that is
> true.
>

Minor semantical change (but important): joe@example.com should be 
AUTHORIZED to send email from example.com. You will have both addresses 
that exist to send e-mail but aren't users, and users that exist that 
shouldn't be sending email. If you just check for existance of the 
user, spammers can simply start sending all of their mail from, say, 
bin@example.com, or uucp@example.com, or root@example.com, things that 
exist.

Better to be able to explicitly decouple user from permission, and set 
up a permission scheme that allows you to have users, but not send 
e-mail, to get away from forged role account issues.


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Subject: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out Notes, ver 3.1
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 12:03:46 -0800 (PST)

Did updates based on two relevant emails by Vernon and Chris, very few 
comments today, so seems I probably got it right. I'll offer my proposal 
on opt-out next.

---------------------------------------------------------------

I. Requirements/Goals for Opt-Out
   1. General - To reduce amount of commercial email received 
      Pros:
	a. We all want less commercial mail!!!
	b. If at least some advertisers follow opt-out we should have less 
	   mail unwanted email
      Cons:
        b. Some are afraid that opt-out may instead bring more commercial 
           mail by allowing advertisers to confirm your email addresses
   2. To provide global opt-out system that large number of legitimate
      commercial mail entities can all use at the same time
     Pros:
	a. Standard system that you can apply to large number of lists you 
	   maybe on is convinient
	b. Standard way for marketing companies to find your opt-out 
	   preferences reduces their own cost of emailing and dealing with 
	   unhappy customers
     Cons:
	a. This only works for legitimate business that abide by these 
	   rules, everybody else will continue to do as they wish
	b. Commercial mailers of any kind have financial disincentive on 
	   following global opt-out list as they derive their revenue on 
	   per-email basis and opt-out lists reduce the revenue stream.
	   In order to work the system must be forced to them by either 
           internet community or the goverment and good enforcement 
	   mechanisms have to be in place.
   3. To provide local opt-out to only particular types of email 
      or even more specific for particular maillist
     Pros:
	a. You could potentially be very specific on what emails you want 
	   to receive. For example if you're loooking for a car you'd be 
	   interested to hear about car dealership offers and advertisers
	   could be very specific to your needs which works in your favor.
	b. If advertisers know what you want they'd be able to a lot 
	   better manage their own resources.
	c. Certain global types is a must, for example children should 
	   not be expected to receive any offers of adult nature or for 
	   alcogol or cigarates and in fact this maybe againt the law 
	   depending on locality and advertisers
     Cons:
	a. Its somewhat difficult to have everybody agree on classification
	   of commercial advertisements though some very broad global 
	   scale maybe possible that will satisfy c.
	b. Even if classification is agreed, some email offers may fall 
	   into multiple categories, or are otherwise not as clear about 
	   exact type, the reality is that classifying email to be sent 
	   into certain category is still up to advertiser and this may 
	   not agree with how user who opted out would classify it
   4. To provide capabilities to temporary reduce amount of email received
     Pros:
	a. In some situations its usefull to be able to opt-out of all
	   commercial email for certain period (when you're on vacation)
	   and opt-in at another  when you actually have time or interest 
	   to read more email
     Cons:
	b. Most opt-out procedures are likely to take longer time then 
	   several day or week that you may actually be on vacation and 
	   temporary opt-out might not work that well, filters or automatic
	   forwarding of certain email to special mailbox maybe better
   5. To filter out legitimate email marketing companies from "true" spammers
     Pros:
	a. There exists email marketing industry that provides real service
           to users who really really opted to receive such emails. But 
	   these companies suffer by being compared to spammers (some are 
           like that) and standards that these companies should follow 
	   will to distiguish good marketing companies from bad.
	b. If we had clear guidelines what email marketing companies need
	   to do to not be considered spammers and this is supported by 
	   law, then they will follow it more often and our we'd have
	   less complaints about improper emails
     Cons:
	a. Bad spammers will inevitably try to diguise themselve as email 
	   marketing companies and this can make things even worse.

Note: 5 points listed above can be used as way to evaluate exact opt-out 
      technology proposals. These proposals would fall into one or more of 
      the below categories:

II. Technlogies for Opt-Out

  1. Distributed lists which use some type of encryption to allow validation 
     of particular address but not see enter list. 
     Pros:
	a. Opt-out lists can be easily cleaned up before the transmission
	b. Distribution of lists can be controlled by tightly controlled.
	   Some improper activities can be prevented by using special
	   email addresses specific for each authorized client
	   c1. Dictionary Attack prevention
	     An email that is not for valid user but easily guessable is
	     introduced. If emails are received to this address, this 
	     indicates dictionary attack was tried 
	   c2. Proper conduct in collecting emails by advertiser
	     Email addresses are added that are not actually used in email
	     (example - addresses added into webpages and collected by spiders)
	     If advertiser checks for these email address, he does not 
	     have properly collected email list 
	d. Because all advertisers that use opt-out lists sign service 
	   agreement both legal and criminal court actions are easier
     Cons:
        a. Because entire list is received by advertiser, its a lot easier 
	   for it to just check very very large list of email addresses 
	   and get practicly entire list of opt-out addresses (see above 
	   c2 how they can possibly be caught)
	b. Distribution lists can easily go sub-distributed and go beyoned 
	   authenticated base and thereafter abused
	c. Patents relating to the encryption technologies exists
	d. Concerns about who and how will make opt-out lists and distribute
	   them
	e. Concerns that opt-out lists will instead be used to verify if 
	   email address in spammer database is real
	f. Its possibly encryption technology maybe broken in some distant 
	   future
	g. It takes longest time to opt-out or change opt-out status with 
	   this technology

  2. Opt-out server. Here special service/server is made available to
     legit bulk-mailers. Anybody wishing to check if the address is 
     opt-out or not can connect to that server and check
     Variations:
	2a. One unified service is made available by the authorized agency
	2b. A number of special opt-out servers exist in parallel which
            are used/run by different groups of commercial mailers
     Pros:
	a. Opt-out lists can be cleaned up before the transmission begins
	b. Distribution of lists can be controlled by tightly controlled
	   with authentication means and distribution beyond authorized
	   advertiser is not allowed. Because its known who is accessing 
	   the list, there exist way to also detect some improper activities
	   c1. Dictionary Attack prevention - see c1 in #1 above
	   c2. Proper conduct in collecting emails by advertiser - see c2 above
	c. If improper activities are detected as in c1 or c2 or if 
	   somebody is trying to access to check way too many addresses
	   (trying to verify their 100 million emails CD), the access 
	   to client can be denied fairly fast!
	d. Because access would involve service agreement, the law may 
	   make it easier to prosecute the offenders
     Cons: 
	a. Special opt-out verification protocol may have to be developed
	b. Concerns about who and how will run opt-out service
	c. Concerns that opt-out service will instead be used to verify if 
	   email address in spammer database is real
	d. Depending how service is setup, it may take long for opt-out to 
	   work (i.e. until maketers do updates to their lists).

  3. Opt-out system maintained together with mail servers on per-domain basis.
     Variations:
      3a. Service made available as part of mail server, new command added 
          to SMTP to check opt-out preference of user on email server
      3b.  Service made available as part of mail transmission and is more 
	  tightly integrated with actually sending email, i.e. email being 
	  sent contains some preference for opt-out check and email server 
	  can based on that return email back with proper error code
	  Note: to a degree this is what some filters already do ...
      3c. Service made available through separate protocol to be run by ISP
	  on per-domain basis. 
     Pros:
	a. An opt-out is controlled by mail server operator and not any 
	   questinable central agency. 
	b. Depending on how system is implemented it maybe a lot harder to 
	   actually gather list of valid email addresses (mail server 
	   operator may choose to answer opted-out for any email address 
	   that does not exist, for example)
     Cons:
	a. A new protocol (or extensions to SMTP) need to be developed
	b. It maybe a lot harder to clean up lists before emailing
	   (maybe this this also good thing?)
	c. If implemented as in 3a all MX servers (even backups) may need 
	   to answer yes on question of opt-out, this created 
	   implementation problems and seems unnecessary
	d. Access to opt-out verification has to be made public (or at 
	   most on per email basis) and no serious authentication of who 
	   can access it can be done. These allows easy avenue for abuse.

  4. Modification of Email address to show opt-out choice. 
     Variations:
      4a.  General opt-out choice recognized by everybody, which may 
	   actually be some variation of mail service domain/subdomain
      4b.  Opt-in choice specific to particular situation or mailing list 
	   example - email+list@domain.com
     Pros:
	a. Very easy to implement and does not require new technology, 4b 
	   is already actively used by many
	b. Address itself shows optout choice, so spammers can not do
           email address cleanup for purposes of finding valid address
	   Note: this is also a Con!
	c. Opt-out choice is controlled by each individual user and not by 
	   external entity (be it central agency or mail service provider)
     Cons:
	a. This generally requires us to use different email address then 
	   what we already do, often even more then one. It does not address
	   issues with existing currently use email addresses (see
           section I on what we want to do), this is a BIG Con.
	b. Use of "special" email address may also be taken by spammers as 
	   verification that email address is valid!
	c. The special email address would only work on global basis while 
	   it is usefull to be able to do opt-out specific to particular 
           type of email, etc. This may result in need of large number of 
	   special email addresses and entire system will not be easily 
           managable.
	d. There is no way to implement temporary opt-out with this system

III. Enforcement of Opt-Out
   Note: #1 and #2 below may well be done in parallel
   1. Done by goverment by legislation to have all commercial email marketers
      participate in some system or abide by specific protocol standards
      Enforcement is afterwards left to courts
      Pros:
	a. There would be clear guidelines for commercial email senders to 
	   follow and if they do not they will pay an actual price for it 
	b. Its a lot more likely commercial businesses will follow the law
      Cons:
	a. This maybe problematic when considering email as global system 
	   and not specific to US or EU laws
	b. It takes some time for laws to be passed and then be verified 
	   in courts to be workable
   2. Enforcement is left to ISP/mail server operators through use of 
      filters if email is found to be from commercial email marketer
      that is known to mail server operator
      Pros:
	a. Filtering is already well adapted technology
	b. When email is found to have violated opt-out choice, stopping 
	   future email from the particular marketer is easy and fast 
	   (blacklist) but it does require marketers to be well identified
      Cons:
	a. Use of filtering means some email will inevitably be filtered 
	b. Filters will never completed stop unwanted email even with 
           opt-out choice, some email marketers may choose not to follow it


------
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Thu Mar 27 17:09:30 2003
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: waltdnes@waltdnes.org
Cc: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7.c Mass Mailers, reliability, and lack thereof
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 14:08:51 -0800

On Thu, Mar 27, 2003 at 04:07:16PM -0500, waltdnes@waltdnes.org wrote:
>   There have been complaints by mass mailers about their emails not
> reaching intended recipients.  Internet email to residential accounts is
> not five-nines reliable today, never was in the past, and never will be.
> Deal with it.

Hmm.  While I agree that current E-mail is not fully reliable, I would
disagree with the suggestion that it could not be made fully reliable and
should not be made so.   I don't believe that's the province of this research
group, but nor is it for us to say that his won't happen.
> 
>   The advertisers are *DEMANDING* that their spam^H^H^H^H "legitimate
> commercial email" *NOT* be blocked.  This results in the more cynical
> amongst us feeling that the "JamSpam" initiative might be better named
> "JamSWpamDownYourThroat"

We have to accept that spammers, and near-spammers will indeed put their
support for selfish reasons behind principles of reliable mail delivery,
eliminating mail blockage and many of the other principles that we value
here.   Child pornographers and holocaust deniers also give their cheering
support to our free speech efforts, however that in no way is an argument
to diminish those efforts.

There actually are a significant number of legit mails that have been
blocked by anti-spam techniques.  It's real, and it's a flaw in those techniques,
and it is to be eliminated.  One of the classic examples was a simultaneous
mailing to hundreds of Yale (IIRC) applicants telling them they had been
accepted at Yale.  Safe to say those people wanted to get that E-mail, and
that it was a serious error for the blocking software to have discarded it,
and a more serious error to have the discard not be reported to those who would
care about it.

Stories of innocent sites improperly blacklisted are legion.

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>  However, I'm willing to give e-marketers the 
> opportunity
> to prove me wrong.  Let's assume, for the sake of argument, all those
> people on the "Millions CDs" really *DID* want those ads.

The majority of this mail has NOTHING to do with marketing.

Hint, you are currently receiving a bulk email, it is from a 
mailing list.

Yes, lots of people on the net subscribe to Bruce Schnier's 
Cryptogram and other newsletters and YES THEY DO WANT TO GET THEM.

The problem is that other people send newsletters that are
not requested, not wanted etc.

	Phill
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 12:47:59 -0800 (PST)


In my head and partially on paper I'v worked out system that I think can 
be effectively and securily used for opt-out and it has benefits of both
technologies #2, #3 and even #1 on my list. Here is how I imagine it:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Commercial emailers agree to general classification of email based on 
subject of what is being advertised (i.e. for example adult, internet 
services, other service, electronic goods, sports goods, etc)

2. There is setup a certain number of opt-out authoritive agencies probably
couple per region or country if necessary but not too many - i.e. dozen 
worldwide is probably a max. Each agency may have its own AUP and its own 
principals of operations (clearly published) and these agencies also deal 
with handling of complaints (in fact user can not go to court when complaining
aboutg email and has to go through proper agency first).

3. Each mail server operator can choose one agency to handle commercial 
email control on per-domain basis, this information is published through 
special record in dns zone file in domain. 

4. Users send their preferences for opt-out to their mail operator (see 
below on how they can also do it directly to agency) if they participate 
in this system and have this special dns record. The operator does not 
send their actual email but instead encrypts it and sends SHA1 based hash 
list to the agency (so agency does not actually have list of emails, this 
all stays locally on mail server) and in addition sends a special set 
of keys (either separate key on per-email basis or one global key for 
entire domain).

5. When commercial mailer wants to send somebody an email, they check dns 
for that domain and obtain id of the agency. They have to contact the 
agency and got authorization to use its services (probably pay them too) 
and agency needs to verify whatever it can about the commecial mailer.
Once verified commercial mailer is granted authorized access to agencie's 
database and can verify email addresses.

6. Email addresses are verified through the agency on the basis of each 
commercial email type that commercial mailer wants to send, i.e. it has to 
specifically ask if user is opted out of receiving all adult emails. As an 
answer agency provides special encrypted verification code, which is 
actually encryption of DATE of the request for opt-out verification, 
ID of the mass mailer (as listed in agencies database) and TYPE of email 
mass mailer intended to send and FROM address of where email would come 
from (as far as email of commercial mailer or their client). Each request 
gives only limited time authorization to send email (say 1 month) and the 
code is encrypted with the key that has been provided to the agency by 
domain mail operator or end-user.

7. When commecial mail operator is sending email, they HAVE TO include 
special header in the email indicating that this is commercial mail and of 
what type and they HAVE TO include the verification code that they 
received from the agency. When email is received, mail server operator can 
use its key to decrypt the verficiation code and they can then verify that:
 1. Email is sent no more then month after verification has been obtained
 2. From email address email would have to come from
 3. Type of this commercial email
In addition to that mail operator can check its database for updates for 
opt-out preferences by this user. If between time opt-out verification by 
commercial emailer was done and when email is received, user has changed 
preferences and no longer wants to receive commercial email of this type, 
then email would still need to be rejected with special REPLY and email 
server operator must send updates to the agency so mass mailer could 
verify that preferences have changed. Additional special rejection REPLY 
is if user is opting out temporary (vacation) in this case time when the 
black-out period is over should be sent to mass-emailer and they can 
choose resent email after that time.
 If there were no changes user opt-out preferences and they are in 
accordinace with what is listed in verification code, then email has to be 
"whitelisted" and accepted for delivery by mail operator.

8. A special case is allowed when mail server operator does not support 
this opt-out system but user still wants it, then one particular agency is 
considered to be default and user can contact it and send opt-out 
preferences directly to that agency. Commercial mailers in abcense of 
special dns record for opt-out agency for domain have to check this 
default agency. In this case all verification of email is done on the 
client MUA and it can accept email into proper user inbox, reject it, etc.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

The above combines best of #2 and #3 from my notes, in particular having
central agency means mass-emailers are all authenticated and can not 
easily verify all of their 100 million email addresses and even more 
particularly because they say exactly what type of email they will send
and from who, their request is very specific and they can not assume user
opt-out preferences for different type of email. Plus having specific time 
that they are given to send email means they have to do opt-out checks 
often enough to catch all the changes and they have to stay a client of 
the agency to continue to send email to user.

In addition to that all control of opt-out is really local and agency does 
not even have your email address (for privacy reasons for example; though 
they can obviously find it based on requests, but really they shouldn't be 
doing it) and user can change preferences locally as well. 

Verificaition code (its something similar to a stamp actually) provides 
strong authentication control over email that is being sent and can be 
used ONLY by the mass mailer that obtained it and can ONLY be verified by 
the recepient.

Agency also shields acts to facilitate abuse control and shields commercial
mailers from potential legal action if they act properly. But it should 
setup its own court-like system to hear officially filed abuse complaints
and if complaint is rejected user can go to court (same system as public 
utilities commisions that regulate telcos in many us states). Agencies 
can be specific to laws of particular region - i.e. agency for US, agency 
for EU and can thus apply laws properly as are done in that region.


Ok, I'm done. Let me know what you think of this idea.

----
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net

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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 18:12:53 -0500

> 1. Commercial emailers agree to general classification of email based on 

PICS.

> 2. There is setup a certain number of opt-out authoritive agencies

Some jurisdictions are opt-in, some opt-out.

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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 13:39:12 -0800 (PST)


> > 1. Commercial emailers agree to general classification of email based on 
> 
> PICS.
That is fine by me. 
 
> > 2. There is setup a certain number of opt-out authoritive agencies
> 
> Some jurisdictions are opt-in, some opt-out.
Ok. So we add additional default domain preference that mail operator is 
sending back. If they are in jurisdiction that is opt-out, the default 
preference is "yes" if jurisdiction is opt-in default is no. 

I suspect that commercial mailers & marketers will only agree to such a 
system if we actually call it "opt-out"... 

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net

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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 20:34:22 -0500

We are now getting RBLs who will remove your host from their 
blacklist for a fee.  (See http://www.blars.org/errors/block.html for 
an example.)

And yes, people actually subscribe to these.  And yes, they do block 
non-spamming ISPs.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 20:45:50 -0500

I'd like to back up a second here on opt-out.

I don't believe this group should recommend a global opt-out 
solution.  I believe that opt-out is 100% the wrong way to manage 
bulk mailings.  It is fundamentally flawed, and it will make the 
current spam situation far worse than it currently is.

First of all.  Look at the world as it is.  Who sends you bulk email?

1. People whom you told to send you email.
2. People to whom you gave your email address to (e.g. product 
registrations, online purchases) but didn't specifically tell them 
they could send you email.
3. Affiliates of #1 or #2.
4. People who bought your address from #1 or #2.
5. People who bought the assets of #1 or #2.
6. People who snarfed your address off the web or from another 
location which did not carry any implied consent for bulk email.
7. People who bought from #6.

This is how I think most people feel about each of those. I'm sure 
there's a range, and it's not like I've gone out and done a survey. 
But I think it's roughly like this.  Please don't get picky if your 
personal moral slider moves it in one direction or the other.

1. Fine if I can opt-out
2. Iffy, depending on content, but okay if I can opt-out
3. More iffy, but okay if I can a) stop the spread and b) opt-out
4. Probably crossing the line (no way to stop the spread)
5. Wrong, but the courts say it's okay, hopefully can opt-out
6. Wrong
7. Wrong

Now, let's consider an opt-out list.  Who will it impact?

1. No
2. No
3. Possibly, but probably not
4. Yes
5. Possibly
6. No (they'll ignore it)
7. No (they'll ignore it)

So.  An opt-out list will stop people who bought your list from 
someone you gave your email address to.  You don't *want* it to stop 
the people you explicitly gave permission to.  It might stop people 
who bought the assets of a defunct company.  It probably won't stop 
affiliates of a company (e.g. multiple catalog companies owned by a 
single entity) because they probably had fine print saying that you 
gave permission to all of them (that's certainly what they do now).

It will have zero impact on existing spammers.

That's the good news.  Here's the bad news.

A global opt-out list is a tacit statement that it's okay to spam 
random email addresses.  After all, if you didn't want email, you 
would have put your name on the list, right?  This is exactly the 
*wrong* way to go.  We do not want "100 million email address CDs" to 
become legitimate sales tools just because they were cleaned by the 
opt-out list.  You do *not* want every company in the country 
broadcasting email address to every address they can find.

"But," you say, "If you don't want that, just put your name on the 
opt-out list."

I assert that if we tacitly support opt-out, we will create a mail 
situation so bad that you won't be able to function unless you 
opt-out.  *Everyone* will want to opt out.  And what is the point of 
an opt-out system in which every person in the world is required to 
opt out?  Furthermore, as has been mentioned numerous times.  It's 
not just a question of email addresses, it's a question of domains 
and bounces as well.

Opt-out can work for phone numbers because there are a finite number 
of phone numbers.  There are *not* a finite number of email 
addresses.  It should not be mandatory that every time you reserve a 
domain you have to go and opt-out all possible email addresses in 
that domain.  That makes no sense whatsoever.

To sum it up.

1. Opt-out doesn't affect the majority of the people we are trying to stop.
2. Opt-out will make things worse.
3. There is no point in an opt-out system that everyone has to join.

Even if you don't believe #2, #1 and #3 still stand.  As do my points 
concerning domains and infinite email addresses.

I strongly believe that this group should make absolutely no 
recommendations for a global opt-out system.  I further believe that 
it should recommend that opt-out is, with regards to email, 
fundamentally flawed.

I believe that we could make positive recommendations for opt-in, but 
I want to keep that discussion separate from this one.  The point 
here is simple.  We should not recommend *any* opt-out system.



As an aside; other differences between email and phones.  Email 
addresses change more frequently, causing aging problems.  Many 
people manage more email addresses (sometimes *lots* more) than they 
do phone numbers, making managing opt outs (especially if they 
age-out) far more difficult.  Email addresses reach inside companies, 
where phone numbers often don't.  Phone opt-outs can be verified 
against an address to avoid do-gooders opt-ing out lots of people. 
Email addresses cannot be verified except via confirmation email--and 
that rules out wildcard, bouncing address and domain opt-out 
possibilities.  (I don't personally have a problem with someone 
writing a program that opts out everyone in the world--but I don't 
believe the marketing companies will accept an opt-out system that 
doesn't have verification or other barriers against excessive ease of 
use.)
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7.c Mass Mailers, reliability, and lack thereof
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 20:48:41 -0500

At 2:08 PM -0800 3/27/03, Brad Templeton wrote:
>Stories of innocent sites improperly blacklisted are legion.

This has a certain irony for me.  Several weeks ago I signed up for 
several of the JamSpam lists.  The lack of traffic on those lists 
(none) kind of surprised me, but I was busy, so I didn't think much 
about it.

Yesterday I decided to test the lists.  After a bit of 
experimentation I discovered that in fact I'd never been signed up. 
Topica, which runs the lists, is dropping all mail from my domain on 
the floor without any notification.

That's particularly ironic, given that Topica has, on more than one 
occasion, allowed *other* people to sign my addresses up for their 
lists without confirmation.

P.S. And we won't get into how Topica's web confirmation system 
falsely implies that I won't be able to join until I give them a 
bunch of personal information.  And *that* was when I was trying to 
sign up for the JamSpam privacy list!
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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Date: 27 Mar 2003 21:24:17 -0500

Did you look at the NO UCE/NO UBE banner proposal that I described
about a week ago?  It does everything a global opt-out list is
supposed to with far fewer privacy problems at much less cost.
Furthermore, legislators in multiple states are aware of it and have
said they'd be willing to write laws that use it.

Also, are you aware of the number of global opt-out systems that have
been proposed and implemented, from the DMA's eMPS and Rodney Joffe's
SafeEPS down to various spammer fronts?  SafeEPS and eMPS were both
implemented by technically sophisticated and well-funded entities, yet
they both failed to stop any noticible amount of spam.

Since every opt-out plan to date has failed, I'm surprised that nobody
seems to be analyzing why that happened, and it's not because they
didn't include the magic IETF seal of approval.  Unless you identify
and solve the problems that have killed them all, why would you expect
another similar plan to work any better?

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer Commissioner
"A book is a sneeze." - E.B. White, on the writing of Charlotte's Web


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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for Opt-Out
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Oh, I think many people feel opt-out systems won't be very effective.

I just presumed members of the group were no doubt free to draft
technical proposals on on such systems (and other unworkable or politically
unacceptable solutions) and seek input on them to prepare something for
the group.  At which point the group can reject it as unworkable.

Of course, if you know in advance that the group is not likely to judge
it as workable, you are probably wasting your time and should work on
something else.

As for opt-out systems, I will say this.  Some of the people pushing for
laws are pushing for laws that (though they may not realize it) call for
changes to protocols.   In fact, there have been several laws which have
respecified the format of the Subject line, demanding that it contain
"ADV:" (some jurisdictions) "Advert:" (some jurisdictions) and other such
tags, plus extra tags like "Adv+Adult:" and so on.

I doubt I have to convince anybody here that the government should not
be writing protocol changes into the law.  Especially incompatible ones.

What that does mean however is that if they insist on drafting laws, the
laws should say, "The appropriate standards body for the E-mail system in
question shall be asked to define a format extension to use to tag the
thing we are naming in this law, and this law shall compell obedience to
that protocol."

So we might be asked to come up with tagging and opt-out systems as
these are among the more popular laws.

I personally oppose them.  The evidence so far is that the current 25 spam
laws do nothing, and I hold no optimism for the success of future ones in
a global net, not on their own.  Plus most of them are unconstitutional
anyway, but that doesn't really matter since they have to work before you
even get to that debate.

However, we may need to be ready for them nonetheless.
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: "John R. Levine" <johnl@iecc.com>
Cc: william@elan.net, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 19:30:53 -0800

On Thu, Mar 27, 2003 at 09:24:17PM -0500, John R. Levine wrote:
> Did you look at the NO UCE/NO UBE banner proposal that I described
> about a week ago?  It does everything a global opt-out list is
> supposed to with far fewer privacy problems at much less cost.
> Furthermore, legislators in multiple states are aware of it and have
> said they'd be willing to write laws that use it.

Where is the draft of it.  Most banner proposals have had a number of
problems.

    1) "Banner" implies they occur on connection, however you don't yet
	know the policies of the target users until you get a RCPT command.
	You can have a site opt-out at corporate sites, where one entity
        technically owns every mailbox on the site, but servers that hold
	mailboxes for different entities need a way to give them individual
	control.   You certainly don't want to have your ability to opt-out
	or in require you to switch ISPs.

    2) There's no good way to deal with the question of legitimate relaying,
       ie. MX records.  All your MXs and other relays need to know the
       preference of every _user_ they relay for, unless they relay only for
       single-user sites.

    3) Likewise, what do outgoing relays do?  For many mails, the user sends
       mail to an outgoing MTA, that relays to an MX, which relays to the
       target MTA.   The only way to deal with this is to require the
       outgoing user to label, so that the MTA which finally talks to the
       final destination can know what to do if it's informed about a
       policy after it issues the RCPT TO:

I wrote a few drafts in this area many years ago, but in the end I felt
these problems were difficult to surmount.  Since a policy system effectively
turns into a tagging system, my not just have a tag, and put it in the envelope
so you can reject based on it, rather than trying to implement a policy
language in addition to a tagging language?
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for Opt-Out
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 18:11:32 -0800 (PST)


Opt-out will not be effective all by itself. 

If we do opt-out now with email protocol completely open as it is and laws 
ineffective then it'll not work, we'v already seen it. So do not assume 
that what I offered is a solution for spam, not at all, this should even 
be tried now until we find some way to fix the protocol.

On Thu, 27 Mar 2003, Brad Templeton wrote:

> Oh, I think many people feel opt-out systems won't be very effective.
> 
> I just presumed members of the group were no doubt free to draft
> technical proposals on on such systems (and other unworkable or politically
> unacceptable solutions) and seek input on them to prepare something for
> the group.  At which point the group can reject it as unworkable.
> 
> Of course, if you know in advance that the group is not likely to judge
> it as workable, you are probably wasting your time and should work on
> something else.
> 
> As for opt-out systems, I will say this.  Some of the people pushing for
> laws are pushing for laws that (though they may not realize it) call for
> changes to protocols.   In fact, there have been several laws which have
> respecified the format of the Subject line, demanding that it contain
> "ADV:" (some jurisdictions) "Advert:" (some jurisdictions) and other such
> tags, plus extra tags like "Adv+Adult:" and so on.
> 
> I doubt I have to convince anybody here that the government should not
> be writing protocol changes into the law.  Especially incompatible ones.
> 
> What that does mean however is that if they insist on drafting laws, the
> laws should say, "The appropriate standards body for the E-mail system in
> question shall be asked to define a format extension to use to tag the
> thing we are naming in this law, and this law shall compell obedience to
> that protocol."
> 
> So we might be asked to come up with tagging and opt-out systems as
> these are among the more popular laws.
> 
> I personally oppose them.  The evidence so far is that the current 25 spam
> laws do nothing, and I hold no optimism for the success of future ones in
> a global net, not on their own.  Plus most of them are unconstitutional
> anyway, but that doesn't really matter since they have to work before you
> even get to that debate.
> 
> However, we may need to be ready for them nonetheless.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Date: 27 Mar 2003 23:13:45 -0500

> Where is the draft of it.  Most banner proposals have had a number of
> problems.

www.cauce.org/proposal, same place it's been for years

Please keep in mind that the point of his proposal is to provide a spec
for laws that want to provide server operators with a consistent way to
provide notice to senders that they don't want UBE or UCE.  As Hamidi,
Compuserve v. Cyberpromo, and many other cases have established, server
operators are quite entitled to tell unwanted visitors to go away.

>     1) "Banner" implies they occur on connection, however you don't yet
> 	know the policies of the target users until you get a RCPT command.

The banner displays the policy of the server owner.

Every ISP has terms of service, no ISP provides an unlimited unfiltered
bit pipe to and from the entire rest of the world, and no ISP will receive
an unlimited amount of mail for its users.  It's perfectly reasonable for
the terms to say that they don't accept incoming spam unless you pay
extra, just like they say that your mailbox is only 10MB (or whatever),
and if you want to get bigger messages than that, you're ouf of luck
unless you switch to their higher priced service with bigger mailboxes.

If for some reason a server owner wanted to sell a higher priced service
for people who want spam, he could set up a subdomain with a separate
server (most likely on the same physical equipment) that doesn't say NO
UCE or NO UBE.

>     2) There's no good way to deal with the question of legitimate relaying,
>        ie. MX records.

The banners on a domain's MXes are the domain's policies.  If a domain has
more than one MX, it would be a good idea if they all published the same
policy, but that's not a technical issue.  Outgoing relays before the
transaction to the MX or incoming relays after that transaction don't
matter, since the MX is where the mail is handed from the sender's agent
to the recipient's.

I realize that you can construct scenarios where a mailbox on server A
without a NO UBE policy is forwarded to a mailbox on server B which does
have a NO UBE policy, but humans interpreting a law wouldn't have any
trouble dealing with that; if the forward was authorized by the user on
server B, it's solicited, if not, it's server A's problem to control his
network.

>        All your MXs and other relays need to know the
>        preference of every _user_ they relay for, unless they relay only for
>        single-user sites.

This is the "every user's entitled to receive all spam" fallacy again.

>     3) Likewise, what do outgoing relays do?  For many mails, the user sends
>        mail to an outgoing MTA, that relays to an MX, which relays to the
>        target MTA.

That wouldn't be a good way to send mail that needs to obey a NO UCE or NO
UBE policy.  So don't do that.  Every ISP I know of doesn't let you send
spam through their MTAs anyway, so this would not be a change to current
practice.

>        The only way to deal with this is to require the
>        outgoing user to label, so that the MTA which finally talks to the
>        final destination can know what to do if it's informed about a
>        policy after it issues the RCPT TO:

Not at all.  They could either listwash before sending the mail (we have
sample code on the web site), or hire a mailing service that washes on the
fly.

This proposal does make it somewhat harder, but not overwhelmingly so, to
send UBE or UCE to people who will accept it.  I don't see that as a
problem, since it pushes the cost of spamming back on the spammers.  It's
a content neutral (for NO UBE at least) time and manner regulation.

This has the significant advantage over other proposals I've seen that it
doesn't require any software work by the recipient server operators other
than editing the server banner one time to add the appropriate text,
something that is easy to do with all the SMTP servers I know.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer Commissioner
"A book is a sneeze." - E.B. White, on the writing of Charlotte's Web

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Blacklist blackmail
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Date: 27 Mar 2003 22:14:36 -0600

In <p06000d07baa9567f9e7a@[192.168.1.104]> Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> writes:

> We are now getting RBLs who will remove your host from their blacklist
> for a fee.  (See http://www.blars.org/errors/block.html for an
> example.)

If by "now", you mean within the last year or so, then ok.  The
last modification time on that web page was about a year ago.

And if by "blackmail" you mean charging money for services rendered
rather than the traditional dictionary definition of "blackmail", then
I guess that is ok also.


> And yes, people actually subscribe to these.

So what?  Can't people do what they want with their own machines?


>                                               And yes, they do block
> non-spamming ISPs.

So what?


If you send email to someone and it is block because they use Blars
DNSBL, you have three choices:

1) Don't bother sending that person (or ISP) email anymore.

2) Try to convince the person (or ISP) you sent email to that they
   shouldn't be using that DNSBL, but understand that they are under
   no obligation to change.

3) Try to convince Blars DNSBL to remove you.  In this particular
   case, you will have to put down a sizable deposit and if Blars
   decides that you were correctly listed, you will probably end up
   paying that deposit to him.


DNSBLs are like restaurant reviews.  Yeah, some of them like the
NYTimes reviews can make a significant impact on the restaurant, but
that is only because they are well respected.  Anyone can create a
restaurant review if they want, but it is unlikely that many will be
interested in it.


Personally, I doubt that many clueful person (or ISP) use Blars DNSBL
to block email and I would almost certainly choose option 1.


-wayne


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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: John R Levine <johnl@iecc.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 20:50:16 -0800

On Thu, Mar 27, 2003 at 11:13:45PM -0500, John R Levine wrote:
> >     1) "Banner" implies they occur on connection, however you don't yet
> > 	know the policies of the target users until you get a RCPT command.
> 
> The banner displays the policy of the server owner.


Then it is, unfortunately, only a limited solution.   The problem is that
if it were the only solution, it would put a lot of pressure for conformity
on ISP users.  The whole site must make a simultaneous decision for all of
its users, and the only alternative is to leave the host (and change your
e-mail address) if you don't agree with the policy.  This is true both
for people who want an open mailbox at a site which wants to declare a
blocking policy, and those who want a blocking policy at a site that wants
open.

We would want to be careful about releasing a solution which solves some
people's problems and because it doesn't solve others, pidgeonholes them
into the site-wide approach, and thus does not meet the goal of providing
individual user choice.   

> Every ISP has terms of service, no ISP provides an unlimited unfiltered
> bit pipe to and from the entire rest of the world, and no ISP will receive
> an unlimited amount of mail for its users.  It's perfectly reasonable for
> the terms to say that they don't accept incoming spam unless you pay
> extra, just like they say that your mailbox is only 10MB (or whatever),
> and if you want to get bigger messages than that, you're ouf of luck
> unless you switch to their higher priced service with bigger mailboxes.

It is indeed possible for most ISPs to change their terms of service on
their customers, however this would not meet the goal of facilitating user
choice, so this can only be one prong in a broader set of solutions.
> 
> If for some reason a server owner wanted to sell a higher priced service
> for people who want spam, he could set up a subdomain with a separate
> server (most likely on the same physical equipment) that doesn't say NO
> UCE or NO UBE.

Indeed they could but that would require all those users to change their
e-mail address, something I think we are loathe to accept as a solution,
unless there are not other alternatives I hope you would agree.

> The banners on a domain's MXes are the domain's policies.  If a domain has
> more than one MX, it would be a good idea if they all published the same
> policy, but that's not a technical issue.  Outgoing relays before the
> transaction to the MX or incoming relays after that transaction don't
> matter, since the MX is where the mail is handed from the sender's agent
> to the recipient's.

But this makes the above forced-aggregation-of-decision problem even worse.
Not only must all users at a site have the same policy, but this must match
at all mail relayers.  Again, this seems very much at odds with the goal of
end-user control.  We would only adopt it if it became very clear that
end-user control was not attainable.

I think it's clear as well that this approach, though I used to favour it,
would quickly result in the same policy being applied to everybody, with
no alternative but to change your email address to express your will.

> >        All your MXs and other relays need to know the
> >        preference of every _user_ they relay for, unless they relay only for
> >        single-user sites.
> 
> This is the "every user's entitled to receive all spam" fallacy again.

I believe that many people do believe that it is ideal to leave the choice
of filtering in the hands of the end-user.  This does not mean, by the way,
that an ISP can't charge you for e-mail received by the megabyte above some
limit (as some ISPs do) as a way of strongly encouraging you to follow a
given policy.

But I don't believe the IETF would ever want to, in technical specifications,
push policy decisions on users or service providers.   Rather we would wish
to provide tools and protocols to implement policy decisions.   Many believe
in preserving the end to end nature of internet protocols as much as possible,
sacrificing it with great reluctance or not at all.

> >     3) Likewise, what do outgoing relays do?  For many mails, the user sends
> >        mail to an outgoing MTA, that relays to an MX, which relays to the
> >        target MTA.
> That wouldn't be a good way to send mail that needs to obey a NO UCE or NO
> UBE policy.  So don't do that.  Every ISP I know of doesn't let you send
> spam through their MTAs anyway, so this would not be a change to current
> practice.

Nonetheless it is the way mail works, and the relays are generally designed
to be "dumb" -- their job is to forward the traffic, not be involved in
decisions.   ISPs unfortunately have many definitions of spam in their
TOS, and while that might be reconciled, in some cases users may not even
be aware that they are using a relay.  Some ISPs redirect traffic on port
25 through their relay, no matter what IP you attempt to send it to.


> This proposal does make it somewhat harder, but not overwhelmingly so, to
> send UBE or UCE to people who will accept it.  I don't see that as a
> problem, since it pushes the cost of spamming back on the spammers.  It's
> a content neutral (for NO UBE at least) time and manner regulation.

Indeed, it's much more workable on the UBE side of things, but you have
made note of UCE as a possible policy a number of times, so naturally that
is a concern, since single mails will continue to be sent through normal
channels in which such a policy banner system would not be workable. 

> This has the significant advantage over other proposals I've seen that it
> doesn't require any software work by the recipient server operators other
> than editing the server banner one time to add the appropriate text,
> something that is easy to do with all the SMTP servers I know.

Actually, there are several proposals that work at this level.  About 6 years
ago, I even had an SMTP banner which made such a declaration, as did many
other people.

Which comes to the other point.   How effective would such a scheme be,
do you think?   One would presume that it would need laws to back it up,
but even then, but it's pretty clear now that laws resembling any of
the existing ones don't work, some would argue they never can in a global
net.
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7.c Mass Mailers, reliability, and lack thereof 
From: pattib@gammon.com
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 27 Mar 2003 16:07:16 EST."
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 21:03:45 -0800

While I've switched careers (at least temporarily) out of the
high-tech industry, I have worked for a legitimate email marketer.
And I can tell you for a fact that there are people who *do* 
want to receive opt-in email marketing.  They want to be notified
of new homes for sale in their neighborhood, when mortgage rates
fluctuate, what new classical music CDs have come out this week,
and when airfares to Newark have dropped.  Why they want to go to
Newark is beyond me, but they want to know how to get there cheaply.

Many of these people are your Aunt Mildred-- they signed up for AOL
because it was easy to use and Bertha next door usd it.  They aren't
technically literate, and they aren't about to switch ISPs just to
be able to get their weekly Cheez-Wiz recipe fix, but they *do* want 
to get this mail.

Legit email marketers are pretty far away from the millions-of-
addresses CDs; they clients tend to get the signups from their own
websites-- "Want to know when tuna is $.25 off at your neighborhood
grocery store?  Enter your address here."  They don't always follow
anti-spam best practices, and sometimes they even screw up, but in
general, legit email marketers will try pretty damned hard not to send
mail to people who don't want it.

There has to be a solution that allows solicited commercial email to
get through (fairly) reliably, while at the same time stopping
unsolicited mail.  Lumping the two together is counter-productive.

-Patti
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: [Asrg] Re: 5c. Message Status
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 00:06:14 -0500

At 12:34 PM -0700 3/26/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>I think standardized error messages for computers has worse problems.
>Consider the example of SMTP response coes.  There are only 3 results
>answers that computers can deal with, "it worked," "it failed but
>might work if you try again later," and "it failed--go away."  In
>practice the other literally millions of status codes and extended
>status values are wasted bandwidth for humans and computers.

The point of extending status codes would not be to give the MTA more 
options--but to allow it to return something intelligent to the MUA. 
A large number of the proposals we have seen have weird return values 
like:
	- insufficient cpu - run this java applet
	- insufficient funds - go to the bank
	- blocked due to naughty word - send here to bypass
	- blocked due to rogue RBL - click here to complain
	- blocked due to lack of intelligence - prove you are a human
and so on.

As you may have gathered from my examples, I'm not fond of these 
ideas.  Nonetheless, they exist now, and they are growing.

If these systems are going to interoperate with existing transports, 
they need to provide some kind of response which the transport can 
pass back to the human or back to an MTA or MUA which actually does 
understand them.

I think we run the risk of having hundreds of systems all using 
different mechanisms.  So the question is....

Can we specify a standard MTA response format which will let us 
modify MTAs *once*, regardless of the particular scheme the recipient 
(and possibly sender) are using?  Bonus points if we can degrade 
gracefully for non-enhanced MTAs (e.g. specify a standard format for 
the text portion that goes along with an existing numeric response).

Like my proposal for a new whitelisting scheme, I'm proposing this 
not because I like the systems people are implementing--but because I 
don't want to live in a world where everyone implements incompatible 
solutions.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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To: "Preston, Tony" <Tony.Preston@acs-inc.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] My ideas...
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 00:19:42 -0500

At 11:04 AM -0500 3/27/03, Preston, Tony wrote:
>I do have some questions about the solutions/ideas talked about.  I
>was wondering why not have the "TO:" field be required to be verifiable
>from each stop.   I know this would increase the bandwidth requirements

I'm not clear on what you mean by "To:" field.  The To: field is what 
the user and the MUA decide to put in the letter.  It has nothing to 
do with what gets delivered--that's on the envelope, which doesn't 
get seen by the user--just the transport.  There are lots of very 
valid reasons why you may not want everyone to see who is in the To: 
field, which is why mail programs provide Bcc.

But what does it mean to validate a To:?  How is that different from 
either receiving or bouncing the email message?

>Next, I do think you need federal legislation that creates the email
>equivalent of a "do not call" list that any legitimate bulk emailer
>must consult.  I think it must be accepted that bulk emailers are
>going to be around, will operate with/without your consent...

See my posting on "RE: [Asrg] 5b. Opt-Out, 2nd version".  Email is 
not like the phone system.  Not only is opt-out unlikely to impact 
any of your spam, it's quite likely to increase it.


>get rid of the junk...(interesting enough, 99% of my spam is in html
>email which I never read, if it gets to me as html and valid I tell
>the person to use plain text and add them to my whitelist).

A common techie comment.  However based on my involuntary wormalert 
survey (which is to say, I'm getting the email involuntarily--but I 
might as well use it while I have it), about 60% of "end-user" email 
is HTML.

>Any solution that requires users to change their tools/upgrade/do something
>different is OK, they have the incentive to do it so as to
>get rid of spam.

Only if the pain of the new something is less than the pain of spam.

>Any solution that requires an ISP to change/upgrade/do something different
>is much less likely to happen since you still have open relys out there
>that haven't been updated in years...  If it costs money it aint

You forget the numbers.  ISPs number in the thousands.  Users in the 
hundred millions.  ISP upgrades are more likely.  Those open servers 
aren't ISP servers--they are small companies and clueless users. 
Different problem.

>gonna happen.   Besides, my ISP could get into trouble if they started
>blocking emails I wanted...

They almost certainly already do.

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: "Paul Tenny" <pwtenny@earthlink.net>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] If You Don't Fix It, The Politicians Will
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 00:10:17 -0500

At 9:02 PM -0500 3/26/03, Paul Tenny wrote:
>I have actually already suggested such a system. The only differences
>were it did not cost anything, and it was not run by a government.
>
>Reference:
>https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg01565.html

Actually you don't seem to mention who would run it.  However, what 
you proposed was taking something that is currently highly 
distributed and centralizing it.  I don't think that's going to fly.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 00:25:13 -0500

At 6:11 PM -0800 3/27/03, william@elan.net wrote:
>Opt-out will not be effective all by itself.

Of the proposals we have seen so far, which would change the dynamics 
of opt-out as I've described them?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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Date: 28 Mar 2003 00:42:19 -0500

> Then it is, unfortunately, only a limited solution.

I suppose, but I'd think that a 99% solution would be preferable to the 0%
alternatives that are on offer.

> We would want to be careful about releasing a solution which solves some
> people's problems and because it doesn't solve others, pidgeonholes them
> into the site-wide approach, and thus does not meet the goal of providing
> individual user choice.

Server banners in practice give users a whole lot more choice than they
have now.  No ISP offers unfiltered mail, since their spool disks would
fill up in seconds.

> [ higher priced service ]
> Indeed they could but that would require all those users to change their
> e-mail address, something I think we are loathe to accept as a solution,
> unless there are not other alternatives I hope you would agree.

They don't have to change their address.  The "send me spam" address could
easily be in addition to their original address, e.g., fred@isp.com would
add fred@sendmespam.isp.com.  Since the sendmespam mailbox would always be
over quota, you'd want to keep it separate for practical reasons anyway.

> But this makes the above forced-aggregation-of-decision problem even worse.
> Not only must all users at a site have the same policy, but this must match
> at all mail relayers.

Well, yeah.  So what?  If you want a backup MX, find one with a compatible
UBE policy.  Maybe my experience is atypical, but don't know of very many
domains with multiple MXes not under the same management, and I don't know
of any at all where compatible UBE policies would be an issue.

> I believe that many people do believe that it is ideal to leave the choice
> of filtering in the hands of the end-user.

No argument there.  Since end-users currently have in practice no
alternative but to use filters, frequently pretty incompetent ones, a
simple published policy would be a big improvement.

And since we know that the people who don't want spam vastly outnumber the
ones who do, it's reasonable to design a system that makes the common case
easy while making the uncommon case possible, just like it's possible to
get a mailbox that can receive gigabyte messages, even though it's not
common or cheap.  If you want spam, get an extra mailbox for it.  Or, of
course, sign up on a few FFA sites in which case it's not U so you can use
any mailbox you want.

> But I don't believe the IETF would ever want to, in technical specifications,
> push policy decisions on users or service providers.   Rather we would wish
> to provide tools and protocols to implement policy decisions.

Right.  How does giving server operators the option to publish a NO UBE
policy force a policy decision on them?  For the 99.99999999% of server
operators and their users who don't want spam they publish a standard NO
UBE banner.  For toad.com, they don't.  It's up to them.

> > That wouldn't be a good way to send mail that needs to obey a NO UCE or NO
> > UBE policy.  So don't do that.  Every ISP I know of doesn't let you send
> > spam through their MTAs anyway, so this would not be a change to current
> > practice.
>
> Nonetheless it is the way mail works, ...

Could you list two or three ISPs that let users send spam through their
outgoing mail servers?  Or for that matter, who let retail users send bulk
non-spam mail through them?  That's the way that individual mail works,
which wouldn't be affected by a NO UBE policy, but it's not the way that
bulk mail, spam or otherwise, works.  You know that.

> Indeed, it's much more workable on the UBE side of things, but you have
> made note of UCE as a possible policy a number of times, so naturally that
> is a concern, since single mails will continue to be sent through normal
> channels in which such a policy banner system would not be workable.

I would cheerfully strike non-bulk UCE from the proposal.  Sen. Bowen's
bill in California which bans all UCE refers to it and I argued fairly
strenuously with the aide drafting the bill that any such law needs a
carve out for non-bulk mail.  I think she got it, although I haven't
looked at the draft lately.  The reason that UCE is still in the proposal
is pragmatic.  Most of the interest is in banning UCE which I'm trying to
deflect into banning UBCE, without a UCE spec there's no basis to start
working with them.

> Actually, there are several proposals that work at this level.  About 6 years
> ago, I even had an SMTP banner which made such a declaration, as did many
> other people.

Same here.  Mine's still there, since I don't change mail servers very
often.

> Which comes to the other point.   How effective would such a scheme be,
> do you think?

In the absence of laws, as ineffective as any other opt-out proposal.
With a federal law, I'd expect it to be about as effective as the TCPA,
which hasn't eradicated junk faxes but has kept them down to a level that
keeps our fax machines usable.

> but even then, but it's pretty clear now that laws resembling any of
> the existing ones don't work,

If you compare the level of junk faxes now to the pre-TCPA level, it's
hard to argue that it doesn't work.  I'm aware of the "spammers will move
offshore" argument, but of course a U.S. law applies to a U.S. advertiser
no matter how or where the ads are sent, and the majority of spam is still
for US stuff.

By the way, do you think the TCPA should be repealed?  It means that even
if you're willing to change your phone number, you can't get one where
junk faxes are permitted.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer Commissioner
"I dropped the toothpaste", said Tom, crestfallenly.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 19:52:31 -0800 (PST)

> www.cauce.org/proposal, same place it's been for years

  Its well known draft. And I usually do not like to critisize CAUCE, I 
actually think its one of the best anti-spam organizations, but you're 
beeing too one-sided here. 
  The problem is that your proposal forces all forces the same settings on 
all users of the isp and does not make any distintion on type of UCE. It 
also does not solve the problem on when user game some company consent to 
send emails about new MP3s and they begin to send him credit card offers 
for example, claiming full consent to send user whatever they like and 
afterwards company goes out of business and email list is sold to another 
company (as part of merger process) and now they claim consent, etc etc.
  What we need is system to regular the cases above where some type of 
opt-in happened but comapny is not behaving properly and along with that 
regular all those semi-legit business that buy your email "opt-in" email 
lists from failed .coms. I'm not talking about trying to regular 
completely unsolicited email, that is trying send some fraud offer, these 
we need to completely stop. Now as far as regulation, marketing is big 
business in US and they have powerfull friends that will fight in court 
any attempts to pass a law that allows isp to choose unified policy for 
all its subscribers, but if system is such that user can CHOOSE to opt-in 
or opt-out on per-user basis, they will not be able to challenge this kind 
of law (though, I'm sure they'll try...). 
  I always try to find compromise between different positions and what you 
saw in my proposal is such a compromise - its complex, but it allows for 
local control of opt-in preferences through isp (which can set default 
opt-out everyting for its users) or directly by end user, it allows for 
some goverment regulation and has privacy issues dealt as best possibe 
(i.e. your email does not go outside your isp for example) and as well as 
using such encryption techniques that do not allow advertisers to sell 
permission to email you to somebody else or use it for different purpose. 
I can't think of any other proposal that goes as far and has so many 
options which I believe should satisfy all sides. Yes, its complex - most 
of my proposals are, that is what I'm good at - finding good points in 
different solutions and trying to combine them together to offer good in 
each at the same time eliminating weeknesses that one particular solution 
may have, you'll probably see this in my other proposals.

P.S. Keep in mind my opt-out proposal is not designed to regulate UBE, its 
designed to regulate opt-in and semi opt-in marketing companies and only 
those that operate under the law.

> > Where is the draft of it.  Most banner proposals have had a number of
> > problems.
> 
> 
> Please keep in mind that the point of his proposal is to provide a spec
> for laws that want to provide server operators with a consistent way to
> provide notice to senders that they don't want UBE or UCE.  As Hamidi,
> Compuserve v. Cyberpromo, and many other cases have established, server
> operators are quite entitled to tell unwanted visitors to go away.
> 
> >     1) "Banner" implies they occur on connection, however you don't yet
> > 	know the policies of the target users until you get a RCPT command.
> 
> The banner displays the policy of the server owner.
> 
> Every ISP has terms of service, no ISP provides an unlimited unfiltered
> bit pipe to and from the entire rest of the world, and no ISP will receive
> an unlimited amount of mail for its users.  It's perfectly reasonable for
> the terms to say that they don't accept incoming spam unless you pay
> extra, just like they say that your mailbox is only 10MB (or whatever),
> and if you want to get bigger messages than that, you're ouf of luck
> unless you switch to their higher priced service with bigger mailboxes.
> 
> If for some reason a server owner wanted to sell a higher priced service
> for people who want spam, he could set up a subdomain with a separate
> server (most likely on the same physical equipment) that doesn't say NO
> UCE or NO UBE.
> 
> >     2) There's no good way to deal with the question of legitimate relaying,
> >        ie. MX records.
> 
> The banners on a domain's MXes are the domain's policies.  If a domain has
> more than one MX, it would be a good idea if they all published the same
> policy, but that's not a technical issue.  Outgoing relays before the
> transaction to the MX or incoming relays after that transaction don't
> matter, since the MX is where the mail is handed from the sender's agent
> to the recipient's.
> 
> I realize that you can construct scenarios where a mailbox on server A
> without a NO UBE policy is forwarded to a mailbox on server B which does
> have a NO UBE policy, but humans interpreting a law wouldn't have any
> trouble dealing with that; if the forward was authorized by the user on
> server B, it's solicited, if not, it's server A's problem to control his
> network.
> 
> >        All your MXs and other relays need to know the
> >        preference of every _user_ they relay for, unless they relay only for
> >        single-user sites.
> 
> This is the "every user's entitled to receive all spam" fallacy again.
> 
> >     3) Likewise, what do outgoing relays do?  For many mails, the user sends
> >        mail to an outgoing MTA, that relays to an MX, which relays to the
> >        target MTA.
> 
> That wouldn't be a good way to send mail that needs to obey a NO UCE or NO
> UBE policy.  So don't do that.  Every ISP I know of doesn't let you send
> spam through their MTAs anyway, so this would not be a change to current
> practice.
> 
> >        The only way to deal with this is to require the
> >        outgoing user to label, so that the MTA which finally talks to the
> >        final destination can know what to do if it's informed about a
> >        policy after it issues the RCPT TO:
> 
> Not at all.  They could either listwash before sending the mail (we have
> sample code on the web site), or hire a mailing service that washes on the
> fly.
> 
> This proposal does make it somewhat harder, but not overwhelmingly so, to
> send UBE or UCE to people who will accept it.  I don't see that as a
> problem, since it pushes the cost of spamming back on the spammers.  It's
> a content neutral (for NO UBE at least) time and manner regulation.
> 
> This has the significant advantage over other proposals I've seen that it
> doesn't require any software work by the recipient server operators other
> than editing the server banner one time to add the appropriate text,
> something that is easy to do with all the SMTP servers I know.
> 
> Regards,
> John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
> Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer Commissioner
> "A book is a sneeze." - E.B. White, on the writing of Charlotte's Web
> 



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To: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Blacklist blackmail
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 00:43:20 -0500

At 10:14 PM -0600 3/27/03, wayne wrote:
>In <p06000d07baa9567f9e7a@[192.168.1.104]> Kee Hinckley 
><nazgul@somewhere.com> writes:
>
>>  We are now getting RBLs who will remove your host from their blacklist
>>  for a fee.  (See http://www.blars.org/errors/block.html for an
>>  example.)
>
>If by "now", you mean within the last year or so, then ok.  The
>last modification time on that web page was about a year ago.

First I've heard of it.  So for me it was "now".  Your point?

>And if by "blackmail" you mean charging money for services rendered
>rather than the traditional dictionary definition of "blackmail", then
>I guess that is ok also.

I think that advertising a RBL, getting people to use it, adding 
innocent ISPs to it, and then charging them to get off is pretty 
close to blackmail.

>  > And yes, people actually subscribe to these.
>
>So what?  Can't people do what they want with their own machines?

Certainly.  I was simply trying to point out that there are serious 
problems with some of the RBLs.  Your point?

>  >                                               And yes, they do block
>>  non-spamming ISPs.
>
>So what?

Oh, nothing.  I thought we were trying to solve problems on this 
list.  Sorry, must have been a wrong number.

>If you send email to someone and it is block because they use Blars
>DNSBL, you have three choices:
>
>1) Don't bother sending that person (or ISP) email anymore.

Thank God the phone system doesn't work that way.

>
>2) Try to convince the person (or ISP) you sent email to that they
>    shouldn't be using that DNSBL, but understand that they are under
>    no obligation to change.

I'm sure my father would figure that one out on his own.

>
>3) Try to convince Blars DNSBL to remove you.  In this particular
>    case, you will have to put down a sizable deposit and if Blars
>    decides that you were correctly listed, you will probably end up
>    paying that deposit to him.

You're assuming that "I" am someone who runs their own mail server.

Please get real here.

Your father (or grandfather, as the case may be) gets an email bounce 
with some nonsensical garbage in it about being blocked.  He 
complaints to his ISP.  His ISP tries to solve the problem and 
discovers that it's going to cost them several thousand dollars to 
fix the problem.

Now tell me which part of this system is working well?

>Personally, I doubt that many clueful person (or ISP) use Blars DNSBL
>to block email and I would almost certainly choose option 1.

In this case, the RBL is used by another RBL.  Osirusoft. Do you 
suppose that people who subscribe to Osirusoft's RBL are aware that 
they are aiding this kind of thing?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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> We are now getting RBLs ...

It would be better to say "blacklist," "blocklist," DNS blacklist,"
or something else other than "RBL" or "Realtime BlackList" unless
you are talking the real RBL.  It's not only that "RBL" seems
to be a registered trademark or "servicemark" of MAPS, but that 
the other blacklists differ significantly from MAPS's RBL or RBL+.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 20:32:47 -0800 (PST)

On Fri, 28 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> At 6:11 PM -0800 3/27/03, william@elan.net wrote:
> >Opt-out will not be effective all by itself.
> 
> Of the proposals we have seen so far, which would change the dynamics 
> of opt-out as I've described them?
The proposals offered so far are incomplete, that is why we all can not 
decide on any one... But I'll tell general solution:

1. We stop forgeries of mail headers and force all senders to reveal 
their name (but that I mean source, not actual name for personal emails, 
etc).

2. We provide means for mail servers to authenticate in such a way that 
spammer can not easily change just their domain or their ip and begin 
sending email again (they'd soon be detected and their mail server 
blacklisted). 

3. Law outlaws sending unsolicited commercial email

4. ISPs use filtering to get rid of unwanted spam that may still path 
through the cracks (i.e. spammer got new mail server and it has not been 
blacklisted yet or they hijacked the server, etc. etc.)

This leaves commercial opt-in email lists where company is setup as real 
business that does not hide itself and they get permission to send user an 
information on their product (airline ticket offers) but you do not want 
to receive "extra" advertisements of credit card offers as you're not 
interested in that. This is where opt-out system comes in and helps, 
it regulates commercial email and forces them to respect your wishes.
Now the system I described allows for automated white-listing of certain 
commercial emails where users want to receive them - that will help on 
filters and allow them to be more effective and have less false-positives.

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net


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On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 12:42:19AM -0500, John R Levine wrote:
> They don't have to change their address.  The "send me spam" address could
> easily be in addition to their original address, e.g., fred@isp.com would
> add fred@sendmespam.isp.com.  Since the sendmespam mailbox would always be
> over quota, you'd want to keep it separate for practical reasons anyway.

Ah.  This may be the source of disagreement.  You are assuming perhaps that
the reason people would not want a policy decided for them is because they
want spam?   I can't say I have run into anybody that wants spam -- for
their definition of it.

There are several reasons why people would want individual choice.
The primary one would be they don't agree with the particular program
and definitions decided upon.   Particularly ones that might affect non-bulk
mail as those who use the term UCE have been known to suggest.

There are also those who simply defend the principle of individual choice,
and don't want to make decisions for others when it comes to something
as fundamental to a free society as blocking communications.  Even when
an immense majority are likely to agree with a choice, or will take it if
it is all that were offered.

> And since we know that the people who don't want spam vastly outnumber the
> ones who do, it's reasonable to design a system that makes the common case
> easy while making the uncommon case possible, just like it's possible to

Except we live in a society where permitting communications, especially
unsolicited communications, is the default.   It's more than that it's a
hard-fought for and hard-won right.  It wasn't discarded over things vastly
more important than spam in the grand scheme.  However, to get into this
debate, I would point to the long history of policy making on this issue,
but this is really not the place.  Nonetheless the history is strongly in
favour of rejecting proposals which whould, in practice cause almost everybody
to adopt the same policy.

> Right.  How does giving server operators the option to publish a NO UBE
> policy force a policy decision on them?  For the 99.99999999% of server
> operators and their users who don't want spam they publish a standard NO
> UBE banner.  For toad.com, they don't.  It's up to them.

This is where it gets messy.  As noted, this approach very stronly encourages
only domain-wide policy.   Then it has to deal with the questions of what
policies can be expressed.  If you go to very simple policies like only a
tag that means "No UBE" with some definition agreed on to the parameters of
that, then people can have only a binary choice of policy.  If you make a
more complex policy language, you make it more complex for senders.  My earlier
drafts had the ability to specify expressions like "No mail if total unsolicited
recipients > N" and the like.  But I didn't find an easy middle ground.

But mostly I abandoned this course because I didn't see how it would actually
be effective.  However, we can certainly draft how to do it if it could
become effective.

> Could you list two or three ISPs that let users send spam through their
> outgoing mail servers?  Or for that matter, who let retail users send bulk

I can name many ISPs who let users send what _some_ people include in their
definition of spam.   This, actually, is why I have argued without much luck
for finding the "intersection" definition of spam that still covers almost
all spam but is narrow so that everybody can agree it's spam.

> In the absence of laws, as ineffective as any other opt-out proposal.
> With a federal law, I'd expect it to be about as effective as the TCPA,
> which hasn't eradicated junk faxes but has kept them down to a level that
> keeps our fax machines usable.

I would rate the TCPA as highly ineffective.  I have gone to court with
TCPA lawsuits, and even won and even collected the $500 damages.  It was
not a productive use of my time. 
> 
> By the way, do you think the TCPA should be repealed?  It means that even
> if you're willing to change your phone number, you can't get one where
> junk faxes are permitted.

We can discuss that offline if you like, but I believe the recorded voice
robodialer portion of the TCPA is mostly constitutional.  The do-not-call
list portion is useless and being replaced.  I got lots of junk faxes when
I had an open fax.

However, again, there is almost nobody who wants junk fax (by their definition)
and nobody who wants spam (by their definition.)   The problem with a
binary policy flag is that it effectively applies the same policy decision
to all, and I believe policy decisions should rest with the individual, and
nobody's mail should be blocked in a way they don't wish it to be blocked.
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----- Original Message -----
From: "Preston, Tony" <Tony.Preston@acs-inc.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, March 27, 2003 11:04 AM
Subject: [Asrg] My ideas...


> I do have some questions about the solutions/ideas talked about.  I
> was wondering why not have the "TO:" field be required to be verifiable
> from each stop.   I know this would increase the bandwidth requirements
> of each email, but it would also prevent unidentified emails (99% of
> the spam I get are unidentified).   If the MTA would validate on
> arrival and unvalidated email gets rejected, you at least have an
identified
> user to squash when spammed.

Welcome Tony - Reading this message I get the sense that you want to
validate the From: address rather than the To:  I am contemplating clueing
my MTA's in to actual valid users in the domain so that I can reject mail
that I know I won't be able to deliver.  The thought here is to reduce the
bounce messages to likely invalid free email accounts.  If the list members
have any thoughts on why this would be a Bad Plan(tm) I am open to hearing
them.  My first thougth on it is that my MTA will assist the spammers in
weeding out invalid accounts in my domain however that is balanced by not
having to send bounce messages (to the tune of 28000 I'm getting rid of now
just to get some spool space back) to sometimes unresponsive mail hosts.

> Any solution that requires users to change their tools/upgrade/do
something
> different is OK, they have the incentive to do it so as to
> get rid of spam.

Um...I don't know.  I never ceased to be amazed by the number of customers
that we have that are using sub 200MHz Pentium boxes using IE 3.02/Microsoft
Mail as their client software.  Some folks just don't have the patience for
a 25MB download.

> Any solution that requires an ISP to change/upgrade/do something different
> is much less likely to happen since you still have open relys out there
> that haven't been updated in years...  If it costs money it aint
> gonna happen.   Besides, my ISP could get into trouble if they started
> blocking emails I wanted...

I am contemplating MTA configuration changes to try to reduce the load on my
servers.  IF there were an effective solution (IMHO) for spam would I
change/update/reconfigure my software?  In a heartbeat.  Adding horsepower
only puts off the day where the spam load overwhelms the aggregate capacity
of my mail servers.  It astounds me that I have more computing horsepower
than it took to put a man on the moon and the system still can't keep
up...ad this is with approximately 3500 mailboxes.  *sigh*

> The problem has to be solved on the sending end or you do not have
> a solution.  The only ideas that seem to make sense are the idea of
> validating the sender at each hop (then as more and more MTAs get
> updated to do this, the sender is better identified and can be blocked)
> and the idea of estamps.

I disagree on this point.  I cannot control what other folks do with their
MTA's  I *CAN* control how my mail servers are configured, what software
they run and whatever else it takes to, if not solve, at least reduce the
problem.  This paragraph also supports my initial assertion that you want to
validate From: addresses.  This has been proposed in other threads and the
question that comes to my mind is "Isn't that what VRFY is for?"  I may be
mistaken.  Again, I appeal to the collective wisdom of the list.

Regards
Mike

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Date: 28 Mar 2003 02:06:08 -0500

> There are several reasons why people would want individual choice.
> The primary one would be they don't agree with the particular program
> and definitions decided upon.   Particularly ones that might affect non-bulk
> mail as those who use the term UCE have been known to suggest.

Don't get hung up on non-bulk mail.  I think we can agree that the spam
problem is due to scaling issues with bulk mail and there's no compelling
state interest to regulate non-bulk mail, U, C, or otherwise, any more
strongly than any other individual communication.  I suppose I should
adjust the proposal to make that clear, NO UCE means no UBCE.  (But the
fact that it's spelled "NO UCE" is good because that helps preempt an
unwise non-bulk rule.)

I'll skip over all the non-bulk issues, since I don't think we disagree
there.

> > Right.  How does giving server operators the option to publish a NO UBE
> > policy force a policy decision on them?  For the 99.99999999% of server
> > operators and their users who don't want spam they publish a standard NO
> > UBE banner.  For toad.com, they don't.  It's up to them.
>
> This is where it gets messy.  As noted, this approach very stronly encourages
> only domain-wide policy.  Then it has to deal with the questions of what
> policies can be expressed.  If you go to very simple policies like only a
> tag that means "No UBE" with some definition agreed on to the parameters of
> that, then people can have only a binary choice of policy.

Given that there must be hundreds of millions of domains and subdomains on
the net, a domain strikes me as a pretty fine level of granularity.  And
you can have any policy you want, with NO UBE as a baseline.  If you put
on a NO UBE banner and publish a policy somewhere saying "we welcome all
mail about kittens to meow@templetons.com", kitten mail to that address,
even if bulk, is not U any more.  Laws and software are not the same and
it's a really bad idea to try to encode every legal statement you might
want to make into software, which is one of the reasons I think the
complicated opt-out list proposal is a non-starter.

> I would rate the TCPA as highly ineffective.  I have gone to court with
> TCPA lawsuits, and even won and even collected the $500 damages.  It was
> not a productive use of my time.

The goal of the TCPA is not to pay you $500, it's to keep fax machines
usable.  I have a stack of junk faxes like everyone else, but my fax
machine is still useful.  My email inbox is rapidly approching the place
that my fax machine was pre-TCPA, with all the paper on the floor filled
with junk and none left for the real faxes.

> The problem with a binary policy flag is that it effectively applies the
> same policy decision to all,

Uh, no.  See note above.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer Commissioner
"I dropped the toothpaste", said Tom, crestfallenly.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 23:23:10 -0800

On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 02:06:08AM -0500, John R Levine wrote:
> 
> Given that there must be hundreds of millions of domains and subdomains on
> the net, a domain strikes me as a pretty fine level of granularity.  And
> you can have any policy you want, with NO UBE as a baseline.  If you put
> on a NO UBE banner and publish a policy somewhere saying "we welcome all
> mail about kittens to meow@templetons.com", kitten mail to that address,

Problem is, get practical.  Do you have any doubt, any doubt at all, that
this would make the banner the almost universal netwide default policy?
As you know, de facto universal policies are often viewed the same as laws.
If everybody picks the same thing, you have by definition not given them
really a choice.   Everybody in Iraq voted for Saddam, remember -- but the
fact that they did means they didn't actually have a choice.

In a proper engineering solution, you seek a means to actually give people
a choice.  Do you feel this meets that test?  For example, if the banner had
a numeric parameter concerning the size of the mailing (and the rules
doing appropriate things to avoid any attempt to game the number, because
remember -- computers don't send e-mail, human beings do) then we might see
a variety of choices being expressed, which would be a valid purpose for
a protocol.

However, putting in a protocol so that everybody can set it is silly from
a technical standpoint.  Same with a law.

> > The problem with a binary policy flag is that it effectively applies the
> > same policy decision to all,
> 
> Uh, no.  See note above.

Within the grounds of the protocol it does.  

To put forward analogy, say you wanted to propose a protocol for expressing
policy on the size of messages.   And you only allowed it to say, "no
messages over 1 petabyte, please."   Well, of course everybody would set
it and it would be meaningless.   Or if it said "no messages over 100 bytes"
then nobody would set it.   You would want to have it actually express
something to be a technically meaningful tool.
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From: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
To: "Kee Hinckley" <nazgul@somewhere.com>, "wayne" <wayne@midwestcs.com>
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On Fri, 28 Mar 2003 00:43:20 -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:

>>1) Don't bother sending that person (or ISP) email anymore.
>Thank God the phone system doesn't work that way.

In fact it works precisely that way on modern telephone exchanges,
which provide the option to refuse calls from call-originators who
block transmission of Caller ID data.  The ID-blocking caller
receives a message he can't complete the call.

Jeffrey Race

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Date: 28 Mar 2003 02:49:10 -0500

> > you can have any policy you want, with NO UBE as a baseline.  If you put
> > on a NO UBE banner and publish a policy somewhere saying "we welcome all
> > mail about kittens to meow@templetons.com", kitten mail to that address,
>
> Problem is, get practical.  Do you have any doubt, any doubt at all, that
> this would make the banner the almost universal netwide default policy?

I certainly hope so.  Since we've learned that UBE is rapidly making
e-mail unusable, the practical options are some sort of ban on UBE or no
e-mail at all.  I would guess that we'd also agree that any sort of system
that allowed people to opt out of UBE would be universally taken up, so
the effect of your position here is to oppose any limits on UBE.  Surely
that's not what you want.

> As you know, de facto universal policies are often viewed the same as laws.
> If everybody picks the same thing, you have by definition not given them
> really a choice.

People can ask for any e-mail they want.  That's a real and useful choice.

Choices have to make a meaningful difference to be important.  I don't
have the choice to drive down the left side of the road, but that doesn't
limit my ability to get where I want to go.

> In a proper engineering solution, you seek a means to actually give people
> a choice.  Do you feel this meets that test?  For example, if the banner had
> a numeric parameter concerning the size of the mailing ...

Forget it, that's too complicated.  The point here is to come up with
something that is useful but still simple enough that it can be referred
to in a law and interpreted by judges who are not dumb but don't have a
software background.  I can confirm that explaining NO UCE and NO UBE to
legislators and staffers is pretty easy, since I've done it.

> However, putting in a protocol so that everybody can set it is silly from
> a technical standpoint.  Same with a law.

There's an entirely sensible reason for definining it this way, which I
suspect you already know.  Server banners allow laws to be phrased in
terms of property rights, as opposed to laws that would completely ban
classes of mail which get tied up in knots with arguments about free
speech.  I happen to think the free speech arguments are misguided,
particularly in view of the strong recent appellate opinion upholding the
junk fax law, but it's clear that a pure NO UBE or NO UBCE law isn't going
to happen.  Politics is the art of the possible, and NO UBE is possible
and achieves a result with negligible practical downside, since it still
lets every user ask for and get any mail that he or she wants.

Any sort of opt out or tagging rule or any other limit on spam is
meaningless without a legal stick to whack violators, so I don't see much
point in defining constructs that have no chance of having the necessary
stick attached.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer Commissioner
"I dropped the toothpaste", said Tom, crestfallenly.

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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 00:32:40 -0800

On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 02:49:10AM -0500, John R Levine wrote:
> People can ask for any e-mail they want.  That's a real and useful choice.

Indeed, but not one in this protocol proposed.

But in the end, I see this banner as effectively equivalent to writing
into SMTP, "Senders MUST NOT send UBE"

Which might indeed be what most people want, but it's not for the IETF
to do, and as you point out, it's not that meaningful without a law behind
it, which is also not for the IETF to do.  The IETF defines protocols that
lets users specify their choices.

The goal here is not to give users a choice, the reality is it is to
have everybody specify the same choice, for who wouldn't want to say they
don't want spam?  I am concerned by defining a technically meaningless option.
It's like "Mail-type: Electronic"

> There's an entirely sensible reason for definining it this way, which I
> suspect you already know.  Server banners allow laws to be phrased in
> terms of property rights, as opposed to laws that would completely ban
> classes of mail which get tied up in knots with arguments about free
> speech.  I happen to think the free speech arguments are misguided,

Well, you know I have many thoughts on these issues, but I will refrain from
going onto them on this list, where I prefer to discuss the merits of
engineering solutions.

The engineering question here is, "Do users need a way to refect their
UBE preferences during the SMTP dialog, and if so, how should they be able
to do it in a way that meets their desires."   I'm not sure a basic banner
would meet that test, but the concept can be explored more.  However, it's
only really meaningful in the concept of law.


> Any sort of opt out or tagging rule or any other limit on spam is
> meaningless without a legal stick to whack violators, so I don't see much
> point in defining constructs that have no chance of having the necessary
> stick attached.

Well, that's certainly true, though in fact this does not require the
congress.  For example, ISP TOS can and do have the ability to cut off
users for sending traffic that is in violation of protocols.  In many ways
it can be clearer than just the no spam rule.

However, they can't apply this sort of test if the ISP has its own relay
server since the proposed protocol does not allow the user of a relay server
to even see the policy.

On the nearly-technical side, I am also concerned about how much success there
will be in defining the terms.  Some what Solicited to be implied on a pre-existing
relationship (possibly with a "respect unsubscribe requests" rule) and others
want solicited to mean explicit subscription.  I would hope they can be
reconciled.  And there are arguments on bulk in either case and where the
cutoff should be, though in truth all low cutoffs are probably enough to solve
the spam problem -- if they were obeyed.   Alas, I have poor faith on any
of this being obeyed.   As you know, a significant fraction of the spam
sent today is already illegal under non-spam laws --- fraud, illegal medical
sales and all the rest -- so I see little hope in those spammers obeying
the No-UBE sign we might hope to put up on our mailbox.


Back to the technical, I would still recommend that any protocol defined
in this matter allow individual choice.  Thus an ability to express desires
after a RCPT command, in addition to at the banner, with a requirement that
new mail tools SHOULD support this while older ones may only support the banner.
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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 20:05:33 +1100

At 20:50 27/03/03 -0800, Brad Templeton wrote:
>On Thu, Mar 27, 2003 at 11:13:45PM -0500, John R Levine wrote:
> > The banner displays the policy of the server owner.
>
>Then it is, unfortunately, only a limited solution.   The problem is that
>if it were the only solution, it would put a lot of pressure for conformity
>on ISP users.

Hence BMPP and BMTP. BMPP provides the preferences on a per-recipient 
basis. BMTP provides an alternative transport designed for bulk.

--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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To: IRTF Anti-Spam Research Group <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Blacklist blackmail
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On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 12:43:20AM -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> I think that advertising a RBL, getting people to use it, adding 
> innocent ISPs to it, and then charging them to get off is pretty 
> close to blackmail.

Sure. And your proof of innocent ISP's getting listed is exactly where?
Notice that proof of listing is not enough. Let us know the IP's
involved so others can decide for themselves if the listing was
justified.


> In this case, the RBL is used by another RBL.  Osirusoft. Do you 
> suppose that people who subscribe to Osirusoft's RBL are aware that 
> they are aiding this kind of thing?

How is Osirusoft's bl using blars (pointers, please)? Sure, the www
lookup on Osirusoft's site queries blars as well, but I fail to see any
information regarding Osirusoft's bl using blars.

Yours,

esa


-- 
"I'm really excited by George Bush's latest reason forbombing Iraq: he's
running out of patience. And soam I! For some time now I've been really
p1ssed offwith Mr Johnson, who lives a couple of doors down thestreet."
http://radio.weblogs.com/0114406/2003/03/11.html
YIM: reunaesa ICQ: 160631289 AIM: punkkinen MSN: esahi5@hotmail.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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I'm farily new to this list (but not the issues and problems), so if I say
something that's allready been hashed over, please be gentle with me...
:-)

I've seen several messages over the past few days that exhibit in various
degress part of the following sections I'll quote -so my focus is not solely
no this particular message or text.

> On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 02:49:10AM -0500, John R Levine wrote:
> > People can ask for any e-mail they want.  That's a real and useful
choice.
>
> Indeed, but not one in this protocol proposed.
>
> But in the end, I see this banner as effectively equivalent to writing
> into SMTP, "Senders MUST NOT send UBE"
>
> Which might indeed be what most people want, but it's not for the IETF
> to do, and as you point out, it's not that meaningful without a law behind
> it, which is also not for the IETF to do.  The IETF defines protocols that
> lets users specify their choices.

To be extremely blunt on this - while the intent of laws are all well and
good (which I do support), relying on them for real world impact is not
practical.   It never has been and never will.  Enact as many laws as you
want it whatever juristdiction you happen to be in, and the bad guys will
simply move elsewhere.  I happen to be at the moment in Hong Kong.   Why
should I be concerend with laws in the US or Europe?  And if it gets to the
point where I would be, I can simply move my bad guy operation to a
neighboring country, pay off the law enforcement people, and I'm in business
indefinitely.  Without naming any names, trust me on the later - it is the
reality in many places.    :-(

The vigalante nature of most of the blacklist organizations brings their own
set of problems that are well known to most here.

It seems to me that our best hope for a solution is in a group such as
this - however we are not dealing with problems as black and white (at least
in technical terms) as most other IETF groups work with.  Coming up with
things like the MIME and DSN recommendations was pretty black and white as
an example - most issues were purely technical.    Not the case with SPAM.

My preference would be to rephrase your last comment as "The IETF should be
defining protocols and solutions to let users solve real problems."   The
difference is that the scope is a bit wider here - and can encompass areas
not specifically covered by protocol design.

> Well, you know I have many thoughts on these issues, but I will refrain
from
> going onto them on this list, where I prefer to discuss the merits of
> engineering solutions.

I'm not sure what you are trying to imply here.    Most engineering designs
have to take into consideration the technologies available, their costs, and
at the end of the day build something that works for people.   It's the
later part of the equation that is most often the most difficult, and most
certainly the case here.

> The engineering question here is, "Do users need a way to refect their
> UBE preferences during the SMTP dialog, and if so, how should they be able
> to do it in a way that meets their desires."   I'm not sure a basic banner
> would meet that test, but the concept can be explored more.  However, it's
> only really meaningful in the concept of law.

It has already been shown that the bad guys have no respect for protocol or
laws.   Hey, we've even had one spammer recently that we uncovered that was
simply ingoring all the SMTP failure codes (after we detected they were a
spammer), and simply continued blindly along sending the message.   I think
we do a disconnect now rather than continue the SMTP dialog, but it just
goes to show that SMTP extensions will not be effective for those you are
trying to pull the reigns in on.   These are not your normal law abiding
citizens, and never will be, so don't expect for them to conform to
standards or recommendations designed to keep them out.

> > Any sort of opt out or tagging rule or any other limit on spam is
> > meaningless without a legal stick to whack violators, so I don't see
much
> > point in defining constructs that have no chance of having the necessary
> > stick attached.
>
> Well, that's certainly true, though in fact this does not require the
> congress.  For example, ISP TOS can and do have the ability to cut off
> users for sending traffic that is in violation of protocols.  In many ways
> it can be clearer than just the no spam rule.

To be effective, solutions need to be devised that do NOT rely upon legal
enforcement for the reasons cited above.    If you don't believe me, check
the archives of many of the anit-spam lists that have discussed this over
the past several years.  This is not a new concept - in fact many have
believed it to be the silver bullet to enforce policies, however time and
time again it has been shown to be a false assumption.

> On the nearly-technical side, I am also concerned about how much success
there
> will be in defining the terms.  Some what Solicited to be implied on a
pre-existing
> relationship (possibly with a "respect unsubscribe requests" rule) and
others
> want solicited to mean explicit subscription.  I would hope they can be
> reconciled.  And there are arguments on bulk in either case and where the
> cutoff should be, though in truth all low cutoffs are probably enough to
solve
> the spam problem -- if they were obeyed.   Alas, I have poor faith on any
> of this being obeyed.   As you know, a significant fraction of the spam
> sent today is already illegal under non-spam laws --- fraud, illegal
medical
> sales and all the rest -- so I see little hope in those spammers obeying
> the No-UBE sign we might hope to put up on our mailbox.

Exactly!   To expand on this, it is my opinion, despite how hard it is to
come to consensus, that a common definition of what we believe SPAM to be is
established.   Everyone has their own definitions, from the DMA, to those
that think that anything they were not expecting in their inbox (regardless
of content, sender, or any other criteria) would be considered SPAM.  A well
understood definition needs to be established before a system to deal with
it can be properly designed.    Otherwise, how will you ever know if you've
reached your goal, if the target keeps moving?

Anyway, hope I've not strayed too far off topic here - if so, please be kind
in your rebuttles...   :-)

Best Regards,

-- Tim

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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 11:50:09 +0000

I'm sure many people have seen this:
http://www.dti.gov.uk/cii/regulatory/telecomms/telecommsregulations/comms_d
pd.shtml

So if you have, please ignore.

The EC Directive (annex 1) requires
<quote>
40) Safeguards should be provided for subscribers against intrusion of
their privacy by unsolicited communications for direct marketing purposes
in particular by means of automated calling machines, telefaxes, and
e-mails, including SMS messages. These forms of unsolicited commercial
communications may on the one hand be relatively easy and cheap to send and
on the other may impose a burden and/or cost on the recipient. Moreover, in
some cases their volume may also cause difficulties for electronic
communications networks and terminal equipment. For such forms of
unsolicited communications for direct marketing, it is justified to require
that prior explicit consent of the recipients is obtained before such
communications are addressed to them. The single market requires a
harmonised approach to ensure simple, Community-wide rules for businesses
and users.
</quote>

The UK draft regulation proposes:

22.1.b 
<quote>
Except in the circumstances referred to in paragraph (3), a person shall
not transmit, or instigate the transmission of, unsolicited communications,
for the purposes of direct marketing, by means of electronic mail, unless –
the recipient of the electronic mail has previously notified the sender
that he consents for the time being to such communications being sent by,
or at the instigation of, the sender for direct marketing purposes; and
</quote>

and
A subscriber shall not permit his line to be used in contravention ...


Now IANAL but that looks like it seeks to make spam *transmission* illegal
in the UK

The draft also provides for the "voiding" of contracts inconsistent
with the regulations.


Good huh?




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In-Reply-To: <002801c2f495$ddbde7b0$3f6ca8c0@PRESTON>; from tony.preston@acs-inc.com on Thu, Mar 27, 2003 at 02:20:02PM -0500
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 13:03:20 +0100

On Thu, Mar 27, 2003 at 02:20:02PM -0500, Tony Preston wrote:
> What I mean is that if joe@example.com is the FROM user, he should exist
> on example.com, a query to example.com would check to see if that is
> true.

There is such a identification method that was widelier used years ago.
It still exists and it's called IDENT (RFC 931) ... and it doesn't work.
It's all a matter of trust and you can't trust anybody or any system that
you haven't full control over.

I currently have in my queue the following emails (bounces) to
    cathy781672@hotjuicycunt.com
    cathy161126@hotjuicycunt.com
    cathy381564@hotjuicycunt.com
the emails spamvertise the website
    http://www.hotjuicycunt.com/

Where is the problem for the spammer to set up an identification/validation
service for  hotjuicycunt.com  and answer all questions with "yes".
Instead of a full featured system a 100 line program will do it for
spammers. Would it have stopped the spam? No.

> This would at least give you a user on a site that is responsible for
> sending.

No it won't.
And there is always a user responsible, either the sysadmin for being a
loser or a spammer. And I doubt you will get a private home user
convicted for running an open proxy or being attacked by a virus that
installed an open proxy and being abused as spam relay.
So responsibility is not a spam breaker.

> connection, you can record it.  This gives you the ip address of the
> spammer and can be blocked.

My database contains roughly 20 millions of those IP addresses and all
are blocked. I have no problems getting about 150000 new each day from
my logs. All I currently have to do is grep for
    HELO earthling.net
    HELO mail.worldnet.att.net
    HELO cyberproxy.com
and block the hosts identifying that way.

Also, the implication for every single person to be listed or for
mailinglists that use VERP are enormous. And, as I said before, those
systems can be attacked with dictionary queries that make it worse, more
than it will help.

	\Maex

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Subject: [Asrg] Notes on Callback SMTP Transmission
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 03:13:34 -0800 (PST)

As promised I'm sending you notes on callback tranmission. This notes 
are similar format as verification notes I sent before and in fact I had 
them done together. Callback tranmission has use in verifying server 
listed in EHLO (this can also be done by pure dns) and prohibiting use of 
mail relays and proxies. If callback is additionally delayed it can also 
be used to determine "bulkness" of email (since you assume spammer would 
have many emails waiting for you at his server all of same or similar 
content) but drawback of delayed email communications is too great. What 
is listed in #2 and #4 are probably best as far as callback ideas. 

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Introduction:

In normal email transmission, email communication is one way from the 
source to destination. The actual transmission may involve multiple hops
(mail servers) but in all cases the email travels one way, each time 
source or previous server in the mail path contacts next server and sends 
the data stream. As a comparison in POP3 protocol, mail is retrieved and 
there client (which is destination where mail message would end up) calls 
the server and requests to download the message.

With callback transmission, the above are combined, so now source contacts 
the destination and informs that it wants to send an email, but instead of 
actually sending email, the actual data is retrieved by destination from 
the source server. 

Technical Details on Callback proposals

1. SSMTP (from http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-nunn-ssmtp-00.txt)
 Email is initiated as normal SMTP, instead of issuing EHLO command 
 the source issues "SHLO domain.com", if destination server supports SSMTP
 it means it knows this protocol and "after receiving a SHLO from the 
 source, desitnation mail server performs an MX lookup, then connects to 
 the IP address over port 25 and issues X-RECEIVEMAIL command (as opposed 
 to EHLO or SHLO) and if successfull answer is received, that means it 
 reached server that initiated contact (in which case original tranmission 
 source-> desttination is dropped) and destination then retrieves the 
 message using this new connection
 Pros:
    a. This allows verification that address listed in HELO is for domain 
       where email server that is sending email to the target
    b. The system completely prohibits use of mail relays and proxies that 
       are so favorite by spammers
    c. This guarantees that source server is actual server handling email 
       for that particular domain
 Cons:
    a. This will work only if there is one and only one MX listed for 
       domain in SHLO and only one server can send the message. Obviously 
       in most cases there are log more then one MX and in many cases 
       email is transmitted outbound from different servers then received 
       inbound.
    b. This will not work when source is from location under firewall 
       where firewall closed port25 or is only redirecting it to specific 
       other server, it'll not work for NAT, it'll not work for roaming users.
    c. This requires modifications to SMTP protocol or new protocol
    d. Issues to be worked out on actual retrieval (i.e. MAIL FROM, DATA 
       command susually initiated by sender, here its by receiver, but 
       receiver can only give status codes).
    e. The source server may have nothing to do with server listed in MAIL 
       FROM or From, so it does not help with forged headers
  Summary:
    This proposal is not very usefull because of the way how SMTP is extended
    and because it assumes only one MX exists for domain in SHLO. But it 
    can be noted that draft actually has a lot more good ideas and 
    extensions then just callback and as a whole it can be improved and 
    is a possible base for futher work.

2. Real-time callback to domain listed in EHLO
 Source mail server connects to destination mail server and issues 
 "EHLO server.domainname.com" command indicating its actual name. 
 The destination mail server answers and provides list of extensions it 
 supports, if one of the extensions is callback and source mail server 
 also supports and wants this function, then source server issues command 
 to request callback (CALLBACK callid). Destination server thens calls 
 source on port 25 and issues retrieve command (RETRIEVE callid), which 
 source server answers with status and immediatly with EHLO. Afterwards
 communication continues as if source server originally called in.
 Pros:
    a. This allows verification that address listed in HELO is for domain 
       where email server that is sending email to the target
    b. The system completely prohibits use of mail relays and proxies that 
       are so favorite by spammers
    c. This will work for most roaming users, for maillists, for forwarders
       as long as they all support new extensions
 Cons:
    a. This will not work when source is from location under firewall 
       where firewall closed port25 or is only redirecting it to specific 
       other server, it'll not work for NAT or for other places where 
       calling server can not listed on port 25.
    b. This requires modifications to SMTP protocol
    c. The source server may have nothing to do with server listed in MAIL 
       FROM or From, so it does not help with forged headers
    d. All mail servers in mail path need to support callback for this 
       system to be usefull and its absolutly no way to know from mail 
       connections if this true
 Summary:
   This proposal is quite usefull for verification of EHLO server and as 
   well as at stopping use of mail relays and proxies but it does require
   all mail servers to support callback

3. Delayed callback to domain listed in EHLO
 The technology is exactly the same as listed in #2, except that callback
 is not immediate and can be done within certain period of time specified 
 as answer to CALLBACK command. The destination when calling  the source 
 does not not require active previous connection and it can be noted that 
 if multiple emails are pending for destination from the same source, all 
 the email can be retrieved together in one callback session.
 Pros:
    a. This allows verification that address listed in HELO is for domain 
       where email server that is sending email to the target
    b. The system completely prohibits use of mail relays and proxies that 
       are so favorite by spammers
    c. This will work for maillists, for forwarders as long as they all 
       support new extensions
    d. This will prohibit dialup users or "hit-run" spammers from being 
       able to send email
    e. When emails are retrieved from the server if there are multiple and 
       they are all of the same or similar content, this is very good 
       estimation that this is a spam (easier to determination if emails
       are bulk, especially since spammers would generally send all emails 
       within same day)
 Cons:
    a. This will not work when source is from location under firewall 
       where firewall closed port25 or is only redirecting it to specific 
       other server, it'll not work for NAT or for other places where 
       calling server can not listed on port 25 and will not work for 
       roaming users and other locations that do not have permanent 
       internet connection.
    b. This requires modifications to SMTP protocol
    c. The source server may have nothing to do with server listed in MAIL 
       FROM or From, so it does not help with forged headers
    d. There is a presumption in email communication that emails should be 
       delivered quickly, this breaks this system as emails can be delayed  
       for unknown period of time. Discussion in emaillist is very difficult.
    e. All mail servers in mail path need to support callback for this 
       system to be usefull and its absolutly no way to know from mail 
       connections if this true
 Summary:
   This proposal is quite usefull for verification of EHLO server and as 
   well as at stopping use of mail relays and in addition helps to distinguish
   bulk emails, but tranmission time for email communication time is severely
   impacted which generally overshadows the good points.

4. Callback to server with MAIL FROM extensions.
  The source server connects to destination and destination should show 
 callback extensions support during EHLO. The source server shows support 
 for callback by listing "CALLBACK=callbackservername,calllbackid" as 
 extended parameter during MAIL FROM command. In this case either during 
 MAIL FROM or after RCPT TO, the destination server can request callback 
 by giving back special statuscode. 
  If statuscode is received, source server prepares for callback - if 
 source server is not the one listed in CALLBACK parameter as callback 
 server, the source server internally within its network connects to that 
 server and sends email there with callback id (this is done by  using 
 CALLBACK mailfrom extension and if server sees that its name as 
 callbackserver, it understands that its a client mail server within 
 same network that wants it to do relay for callback and as its within 
 same network server should know how to authenticate that client). After 
 preparation for callback are complete, source server gives command 
 "NOOP" and disconnects, at this time time destination server checks in 
 dns if callback server it got from as part of MAIL FROM is one of the 
 servers listed as MX server for domain listed in MAIL FROM.
  If this is so, destination server calls on port 25 that callback server
 and after going through typical EHLO it issues "CALLBACK callid" command.
 This should be followed by 200 ok code at which time server "change 
 positions" and the callback server sends EHLO command followed by
 RCPT TO and MAIL FROM. The destination server should verify that MAIL 
 FROM and RCPT TO are the same as it got during original call and if it 
 is so, it can accept the email.
 Pros:
    a. This allows verification that address listed in HELO is for domain 
       where email server that is sending email to the target
    b. This allows verification that email address in MAIL FROM is in fact 
       for the network that is theh source of the mail tranmission.
    c. This will work for properly setup maillists, for forwarders as long 
       as they all support new extensions and put their address for MAIL FROM.
    d. This will work for systems behind firewall and NAT and roaming 
       users, but they will all need to automaticly relay email through
       central domain server (which should have some way to authenticate 
       such firewall/roaming systems).
    d. This will prohibit dialup users or "hit-run" spammers from being 
       able to send email
    e. The system completely prohibits use of mail relays and proxies that 
       are so favorite by spammers
 Cons:
    a. Locations under firewall, roaming users and in fact any server
       that is not one listed as MX for the domain must relay the email 
       through central callback ready MX server and be able to authenticate
       there.
    b. This requires modifications to SMTP protocol
    c. All mail servers in mail path need to support callback for this 
       system to be usefull and its absolutly no way to know from mail 
       connections if this true
 Summary:
   Probably most usefull of callback proposals as it also verified use of 
   MAIL FROM but does have restrictions that all non-central mail servers 
   from domain must relay email through one of main source domain server.
   To be effective this must be implemented on all servers in mail path.

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From: James Lick <jlick@drivel.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Asrg digest, Vol 1 #133 - 14 msgs
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On Fri, 28 Mar 2003, Markus Stumpf wrote:
> Where is the problem for the spammer to set up an identification/validation
> service for  hotjuicyspam.com  and answer all questions with "yes".

On the other hand, I could use such a facility to automatically say "no"
to any address verification for pleasure.com, a domain of mine which is
frequently forged and which I never use on outgoing email.  Bingo, no more
spam forged from that domain name.  If yahoo, hotmail and AOL deploy it,
you can no longer just randomly generate forged mail from that.

The problem such a facility solves is to make spam forgery more difficult,
and to force spammers into sending mail in a way that it can be tracked
back.  So my response to you is that your problem is actually a feature.
Whoever is running hotjuicyspam.com and merrily saying all addresses are
valid has just painted a huge bullseye target on himself making it easier
for me to reject his mail or take more extreme steps like suing him or
getting his connection yanked.

This system is akin to rejecting non-existant domains from sending mail.
Easily circumvented.  Standard practice for years.  Idiot spammers still
using fake domains like crazy.  Not nearly as much as before, but it still
blocks an awful lot of spam.

More serious aspects of such a system are that it may drive spammers to
forge spam from real addresses instead of fake, and that they may use such
facilities to do address verification or dictionary attack harvesting.

I would also like to say that I am disappointed in a lot of the criticisms
of spam blocking/prevention techniques.  A lot of people are rejecting
systems outright for having one or more flaws, when the system can still
be effective despite those flaws.  Rather, one should evaluate a system
not on whether it can be circumvented, but instead focus on the benefits
of making things more difficult for the spammers.  Even if it is just a
minor hassle to get around, it is still causing pain for the spammers.
Deploying many of these techniques in total means that eventually the
spammers are painted into a corner.

--- James Lick --- é»Žå»ºæº¥ --- jlick@drivel.com --- http://drivel.com.tw/ ---
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Kee Hinckley'" <nazgul@somewhere.com>, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Blacklist blackmail
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 05:37:48 -0800

The paragraph in question being:

If you would like a site be added or removed from BlarsBL, you may hire
Blars at his normal consulting rates (currently $250/hour, 2 hour minimum,
$1000 deposit due in advance for non-established customers) to investigate
your evidence about the site. If it is found that the entry was a mistake,
no charge will be made and the entire deposit will be refunded. Send Blars
email from a non-listed account to verify current rates and arrange payment.



There is precedent here for this being considered outright blackmail. It is
not unusual for someone to call up a major software vendor to report a
'security problem' and demand to be paid a 'consulting fee' to fix it,
otherwise the 'security problem' will appear on Bugtraq or the like and
cause bad publicity for the company.

In this instance we have a threat to continue to advertise a statement about
the users of an IP address block unless a fee is paid. In most
jurisdicitions it does not matter whether the statement being made is true
or not. It is still blackmail if someone threatens to expose a true
statement such as reveal an affair, homosexuality etc.

Somewhat amusing is the following code points describing the reasons for
listing:

.8 Wants spam compainers to jump through hoops 

Would charging a $250/hr consulting fee constitute jumping through hoops?


Interesting side point, consider the MEDIA3/MAPS case:
http://www.mail-abuse.org/pressreleases/2001-01-02-media3.pdf

Here the court denies a preliminary injunction for the sole reason that
insufficient harm is demonstrated which in turn is shown by the fact Media3
waited 6 months to file the application. One of the side effects of this
case is that it implies that anyone who has been wrongly or maliciously
listed on a blacklist should apply for an injunction as a FIRST resort
rather than as a LAST resort because delay is likely to weaken their case. 

Another interesting point here, the ruling is typed on what appears to be
either a 1970s vintage Remington portable or someone messing with our minds
with software deliberately tricked up to look like one, complete with the
variable impact pressure of different keys etc. I suspect the former, so
deep in the home state of MIT courts who have yet to make it into the 1980s
with word-processing are deciding cases on the use of the Internet...

		Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Kee Hinckley [mailto:nazgul@somewhere.com]
> Sent: Thursday, March 27, 2003 8:34 PM
> To: Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Blacklist blackmail
> 
> 
> We are now getting RBLs who will remove your host from their 
> blacklist for a fee.  (See http://www.blars.org/errors/block.html for 
> an example.)
> 
> And yes, people actually subscribe to these.  And yes, they do block 
> non-spamming ISPs.
> -- 
> Kee Hinckley
> http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
> http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology 
> and Society
> 
> I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so 
> unwilling to accept
> responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so 
> eager to regulate
> everyone else's.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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Date: 28 Mar 2003 08:20:37 -0600

In <p06000d14baa98f13e128@[192.168.1.104]> Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> writes:

> At 10:14 PM -0600 3/27/03, wayne wrote:
> > In <p06000d07baa9567f9e7a@[192.168.1.104]> Kee Hinckley
> > <nazgul@somewhere.com> writes:
> >
> >>  We are now getting RBLs who [ ... ]
> >
> >If by "now", you mean within the last year or so, then ok.  [ ... ]
> 
> First I've heard of it.  So for me it was "now".  Your point?

My point is that people have been expressing their opinions about spam
sources via DNSBLs for a long time and many of those opinions haven't
been worth the bits they were printed on.  Contrary to your
implication, this is not something new.


> I think that advertising a RBL, getting people to use it, adding
> innocent ISPs to it, and then charging them to get off is pretty close
> to blackmail.

I don't think it is at all close to blackmail.  First, Blars isn't
threatening to expose information if you don't pay him money, he *is*
exposing information.  Secondly, there is nothing wrong with charging
people money when those people ask you to do some work.  Third, my
take on his "fees" is that he doesn't want to hear from anyone about
how he runs his blacklist, but it is more effect to say "I will ignore
you unless you pay me big bucks" than "I don't want to hear from you."


> >  > And yes, people actually subscribe to these.
> >
> >So what?  Can't people do what they want with their own machines?
> 
> Certainly.  I was simply trying to point out that there are serious
> problems with some of the RBLs.  Your point?

I guess the thing that triggered my to respond is that we get enough
proposals to solve spam to this list as is and many of those proposals
have serious problems.  We don't need to bring up every example of
spam "solutions" that are badly implemented.  Shall we start
discussing all the bogus spam content filters that are out there and
somehow use them to imply that all content filters have serious
problems?  What about ISPs that don't enforce the TOSs and AUPs?

Bringing up this DNSBL, implying that it is "new" and calling it
"blackmail" is very close to flame bait.


> >1) Don't bother sending that person (or ISP) email anymore.
> 
> Thank God the phone system doesn't work that way.

Uh, the phone system does work that way.  If I call you and you tell
me you don't want to hear from me, I better stop or I will find police
at my door.


> >2) Try to convince the person (or ISP) you sent email to that they
> >    shouldn't be using that DNSBL, but understand that they are under
> >    no obligation to change.
> 
> I'm sure my father would figure that one out on his own.

Well, yeah, but the same goes for all other spam filter systems.  


> >3) Try to convince Blars DNSBL to remove you.  In this particular
> >    case, you will have to put down a sizable deposit and if Blars
> >    decides that you were correctly listed, you will probably end up
> >    paying that deposit to him.
> 
> You're assuming that "I" am someone who runs their own mail server.
> 
> Please get real here.

I am "real" here.  These are your choices.  Well, I guess I should
have also included "4) switch ISPS".  If some of the choices are too hard
for you, then you need to choose a different one.

Sending email to someone is not a right.  Your ISP probably restricts
you from sending mass mailings to random people.  If you don't like
this restriction, you basically have the same four choices.  If the
destination email address has restrictions, whether DNSBLs or
otherwise, then again you have those four choices.


> >Personally, I doubt that many clueful person (or ISP) use Blars DNSBL
> >to block email and I would almost certainly choose option 1.
> 
> In this case, the RBL is used by another RBL.  Osirusoft. Do you
> suppose that people who subscribe to Osirusoft's RBL are aware that
> they are aiding this kind of thing?

Ok, I was not aware that Osirusoft was using Blars DNSBL, however,
this really isn't that important to me.  My testing of particular
Osirusoft DNSBLs that I actually use show very low false positive
rates.  So, either Blars DNSBL isn't used by those particular
Osirusoft DNSBL, or Blars doesn't block very much valid email.


-wayne

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In <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A3110088@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> writes:

>                                                        In most
> jurisdicitions it does not matter whether the statement being made is true
> or not. It is still blackmail if someone threatens to expose a true
> statement such as reveal an affair, homosexuality etc.

Right.

So what Blars is doing is *not* blackmail because he is not
threatening to release information.  He *has* released information.

It might be consider extortion if you think that Blars is intimidating
people by expressing his opinions, but I doubt that any court would
agree.  Blars doesn't seem very intimidating to me.

Blars is expressing his opinions via a DNSBL.  He is giving you the
option, for a fee, to have him reconsider his opinion.  I personally
don't think his opinions are worth the bits they are printed on.


-wayne

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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 15:42:56 +0100

On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 05:36:34AM -0800, James Lick wrote:
> The problem such a facility solves is to make spam forgery more difficult,

No, not really.
What is the probability to fake <name>@hotmail.com or <name@yahoo.com>
and get a hit? I'd say if you do it halfway intelligent it's about 98%.
So you get mail from
    susan23@hotmail.com
it gets verified by hotmail.com as existant.
What exactly help in this situation to eliminate spam?

> and to force spammers into sending mail in a way that it can be tracked
> back.

I don't understand this.
    Mar 28 14:58:39 pid 38745: unknown:210.82.89.177 allowed:
	<Grove@yahoo.com> to <4566@sf.com>
4566@sf.com does not exist and never did. I haven't looked at the
message but I'd say with 99% probability that this was spam.

    220 YSmtp mta590.mail.yahoo.com ESMTP service ready
    RCPT TO: <Grove@yahoo.com>
    250 recipient <grove@yahoo.com> ok

How exactly did the verification help in tracking back the message or
force them to send the message in a trackable form?

> So my response to you is that your problem is actually a feature.
> Whoever is running hotjuicyspam.com and merrily saying all addresses are
> valid has just painted a huge bullseye target on himself making it easier
> for me to reject his mail or take more extreme steps like suing him or
> getting his connection yanked.

1) what is wrong, if I accept all addresses @lamer.de to say that all
   addresses are valid? Why do I get a big bullseye target pointing on me?
2) If I don't want to accept emails from @hotjuicyspam.com I don't need
   any validation service as an argument. I simply don't do it.
3) If they use   susi<n>@hotjuicyspam.com  the way the number is used in
      owner-spamtools+<n>=maex-spamtools=space.net@lists.abuse.net
   and respond with yes for every susi*@hotjuicyspam.com what exactly
   makes the difference and helps you suing them - more than the reasons
   and arguments you already have now?

> This system is akin to rejecting non-existant domains from sending mail.
> Easily circumvented.  Standard practice for years.  Idiot spammers still
> using fake domains like crazy.  Not nearly as much as before, but it still
> blocks an awful lot of spam.

Yes. And now they fake existing domains.

> I would also like to say that I am disappointed in a lot of the criticisms
> of spam blocking/prevention techniques.  A lot of people are rejecting
> systems outright for having one or more flaws, when the system can still
> be effective despite those flaws.  Rather, one should evaluate a system
> not on whether it can be circumvented, but instead focus on the benefits
> of making things more difficult for the spammers.

Forcing the spammers to use existing domain names by doing A and MX
lookups helped the situation for a short time. Now they fake real
addresses and things are worse than before, because the "system" was
too easy to circumvent.
I don't see the goal of this group to find a new method that works
for 2-6 months and after that it's worse than before.

> Deploying many of these techniques in total means that eventually the
> spammers are painted into a corner.

We already have many of these techniques and they are used. A lot of
them can easily be circumvented. What do they help? Does the spam volume
decline?
Having thousands of sysadmins plugin nitty gritty tools will not solve
the problem.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Mar 28 10:15:10 2003
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To: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@space.net>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Asrg digest, Vol 1 #133 - 14 msgs
In-Reply-To: <20030328154256.D24104@Space.Net>
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 05:21:33 -0800 (PST)

Most (if not all) proposed verification methods and what they can and can 
not do are found in my presentation: 
http://www.elan.net/~william/asrg-emailpathverification-presentation.pdf
(I still have not found time to put this into htm for website, sorry...)

On Fri, 28 Mar 2003, Markus Stumpf wrote:

> On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 05:36:34AM -0800, James Lick wrote:
> > The problem such a facility solves is to make spam forgery more difficult,
> 
> No, not really.
> What is the probability to fake <name>@hotmail.com or <name@yahoo.com>
> and get a hit? I'd say if you do it halfway intelligent it's about 98%.
> So you get mail from
>     susan23@hotmail.com
> it gets verified by hotmail.com as existant.
> What exactly help in this situation to eliminate spam?
> 
> > and to force spammers into sending mail in a way that it can be tracked
> > back.
> 
> I don't understand this.
>     Mar 28 14:58:39 pid 38745: unknown:210.82.89.177 allowed:
> 	<Grove@yahoo.com> to <4566@sf.com>
> 4566@sf.com does not exist and never did. I haven't looked at the
> message but I'd say with 99% probability that this was spam.
> 
>     220 YSmtp mta590.mail.yahoo.com ESMTP service ready
>     RCPT TO: <Grove@yahoo.com>
>     250 recipient <grove@yahoo.com> ok
> 
> How exactly did the verification help in tracking back the message or
> force them to send the message in a trackable form?
> 
> > So my response to you is that your problem is actually a feature.
> > Whoever is running hotjuicyspam.com and merrily saying all addresses are
> > valid has just painted a huge bullseye target on himself making it easier
> > for me to reject his mail or take more extreme steps like suing him or
> > getting his connection yanked.
> 
> 1) what is wrong, if I accept all addresses @lamer.de to say that all
>    addresses are valid? Why do I get a big bullseye target pointing on me?
> 2) If I don't want to accept emails from @hotjuicyspam.com I don't need
>    any validation service as an argument. I simply don't do it.
> 3) If they use   susi<n>@hotjuicyspam.com  the way the number is used in
>       owner-spamtools+<n>=maex-spamtools=space.net@lists.abuse.net
>    and respond with yes for every susi*@hotjuicyspam.com what exactly
>    makes the difference and helps you suing them - more than the reasons
>    and arguments you already have now?
> 
> > This system is akin to rejecting non-existant domains from sending mail.
> > Easily circumvented.  Standard practice for years.  Idiot spammers still
> > using fake domains like crazy.  Not nearly as much as before, but it still
> > blocks an awful lot of spam.
> 
> Yes. And now they fake existing domains.
> 
> > I would also like to say that I am disappointed in a lot of the criticisms
> > of spam blocking/prevention techniques.  A lot of people are rejecting
> > systems outright for having one or more flaws, when the system can still
> > be effective despite those flaws.  Rather, one should evaluate a system
> > not on whether it can be circumvented, but instead focus on the benefits
> > of making things more difficult for the spammers.
> 
> Forcing the spammers to use existing domain names by doing A and MX
> lookups helped the situation for a short time. Now they fake real
> addresses and things are worse than before, because the "system" was
> too easy to circumvent.
> I don't see the goal of this group to find a new method that works
> for 2-6 months and after that it's worse than before.
> 
> > Deploying many of these techniques in total means that eventually the
> > spammers are painted into a corner.
> 
> We already have many of these techniques and they are used. A lot of
> them can easily be circumvented. What do they help? Does the spam volume
> decline?
> Having thousands of sysadmins plugin nitty gritty tools will not solve
> the problem.
> 
> 	\Maex

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Mar 28 10:20:58 2003
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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
cc: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Blacklist blackmail
In-Reply-To: <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A3110088@vhqpostal6.verisign.com>
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 05:28:09 -0800 (PST)

I don't think its blackmail since they are not threatening to report to 
blacklist (the person is already on blacklist). But what they are doing 
isn't right be me either way and it maybe breaking some kind of law, 
though I can't immediatly see which one. If this is officially sanctioned 
by blacklist operator, I'd strongly advice not to use this blacklist.

On Fri, 28 Mar 2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

> The paragraph in question being:
> 
> If you would like a site be added or removed from BlarsBL, you may hire
> Blars at his normal consulting rates (currently $250/hour, 2 hour minimum,
> $1000 deposit due in advance for non-established customers) to investigate
> your evidence about the site. If it is found that the entry was a mistake,
> no charge will be made and the entire deposit will be refunded. Send Blars
> email from a non-listed account to verify current rates and arrange payment.
> 
> 
> 
> There is precedent here for this being considered outright blackmail. It is
> not unusual for someone to call up a major software vendor to report a
> 'security problem' and demand to be paid a 'consulting fee' to fix it,
> otherwise the 'security problem' will appear on Bugtraq or the like and
> cause bad publicity for the company.
> 
> In this instance we have a threat to continue to advertise a statement about
> the users of an IP address block unless a fee is paid. In most
> jurisdicitions it does not matter whether the statement being made is true
> or not. It is still blackmail if someone threatens to expose a true
> statement such as reveal an affair, homosexuality etc.
> 
> Somewhat amusing is the following code points describing the reasons for
> listing:
> 
> .8 Wants spam compainers to jump through hoops 
> 
> Would charging a $250/hr consulting fee constitute jumping through hoops?
> 
> 
> Interesting side point, consider the MEDIA3/MAPS case:
> http://www.mail-abuse.org/pressreleases/2001-01-02-media3.pdf
> 
> Here the court denies a preliminary injunction for the sole reason that
> insufficient harm is demonstrated which in turn is shown by the fact Media3
> waited 6 months to file the application. One of the side effects of this
> case is that it implies that anyone who has been wrongly or maliciously
> listed on a blacklist should apply for an injunction as a FIRST resort
> rather than as a LAST resort because delay is likely to weaken their case. 
> 
> Another interesting point here, the ruling is typed on what appears to be
> either a 1970s vintage Remington portable or someone messing with our minds
> with software deliberately tricked up to look like one, complete with the
> variable impact pressure of different keys etc. I suspect the former, so
> deep in the home state of MIT courts who have yet to make it into the 1980s
> with word-processing are deciding cases on the use of the Internet...
> 
> 		Phill
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Kee Hinckley [mailto:nazgul@somewhere.com]
> > Sent: Thursday, March 27, 2003 8:34 PM
> > To: Asrg@ietf.org
> > Subject: [Asrg] Blacklist blackmail
> > 
> > 
> > We are now getting RBLs who will remove your host from their 
> > blacklist for a fee.  (See http://www.blars.org/errors/block.html for 
> > an example.)
> > 
> > And yes, people actually subscribe to these.  And yes, they do block 
> > non-spamming ISPs.
> > -- 
> > Kee Hinckley
> > http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
> > http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology 
> > and Society
> > 
> > I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so 
> > unwilling to accept
> > responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so 
> > eager to regulate
> > everyone else's.
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> > 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Mar 28 10:23:45 2003
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 08:18:31 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Tim Kehres" <kehres@ima.com>

> I'm farily new to this list (but not the issues and problems),...

See http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/objections/kehres.html


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com

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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 10:39:34 -0500 (EST)

> From: william@elan.net
> Subject: [Asrg] Notes on Callback SMTP Transmission

> As promised I'm sending you notes on callback tranmission. This notes
> are similar format as verification notes I sent before and in fact I had
> them done together.

Callback transmission is an interesting idea, but consider:

1 - NastySpammer sends millions of connections from thousands of 0wned hosts,
and suddenly poor victim gets a DDoS from all the callbacks from hosts
attempting to receive the purported mail.

2 - How does this fix open SMTP relays?  An open SMTP relay will presumably
set itself as the host to call back.  In fact, how does this interoperate
with SMTP relaying?

--
David.

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Folks,

wen>         b. If at least some advertisers follow opt-out we should have less
wen>            mail unwanted email

The above statement reflects a frequent orientation towards many
proposals that are offered. However it misses two, very basic issues:

1. Implementing and using a proposal is not free. It costs time, money
and effort. It can affect email infrastructure performance. It can
affect the user experience. So any proposal must balance these very-real
costs against the hoped-for benefits.

2. Barriers to adoption and use are key to the success of any proposal.
They need to be considered explicitly and realistically.

If this group wants to be productive, it needs to develop a framework
for evaluating proposals that forces useful rigor onto the developers of
a proposal.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for Opt-Out
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 05:52:16 -0800 (PST)

> So.  An opt-out list will stop people who bought your list from 
> someone you gave your email address to.  
Correct

> You don't *want* it to stop 
> the people you explicitly gave permission to.
Opt-out should be specific enough that you could blacklist entire category 
of commercial email but whitelist particular sender. So basicly even if 
you gave them your email to say notify of updates and they are instead 
trying to pitch you new product or service you could stop that depending 
how well opt-out is both technology and laws.

>  It might stop people 
> who bought the assets of a defunct company. 
Correct and I'v had real problems with these companies. It seems my email 
from excite.com was bought by about 100 other companies (it had very 
specific nic and address) and I'v been trying to find way to do global 
opt-out there and even went to court twice to force an issue and find a 
source who's selling my email. But still every week I blacklist at least 
one company that again got my email address and is trying to send me some 
ad (I suspect its all the same companies, whenver I blacklist them they 
begin to use different domain and different company name but it can all be 
the same entity that controls it - too many addresses are in Florida).

> It probably won't stop 
> affiliates of a company (e.g. multiple catalog companies owned by a 
> single entity) because they probably had fine print saying that you 
> gave permission to all of them (that's certainly what they do now).
It'll stop it if opt-out is made specific to type of email.

> It will have zero impact on existing spammers.
Partial impact. By that I mean there are some spammers that try to appear 
to operate legally (they send from their own domain and have real address 
or po box, usually in florida), they do not try to sell you fraud or 
snake-oil but instead pitch vacations and credit card offers. These kind 
of spammers the opt-out should stop.

> That's the good news.  Here's the bad news.
> 
> A global opt-out list is a tacit statement that it's okay to spam 
> random email addresses.
I hope I did not make it appear as if that is true!

> After all, if you didn't want email, you 
> would have put your name on the list, right?  This is exactly the 
> *wrong* way to go.  We do not want "100 million email address CDs" to 
> become legitimate sales tools just because they were cleaned by the 
> opt-out list. 
Technology for opt-out should be good enough to prevent use of the email 
list by anybody but authorized bulk mailer. So spammers would not be able 
to verify your address either one way or another, other means should be 
used to stop those (i.e. technology to stop improper headers and after its 
possible to trace the spammers, legal means to outlaw their activity and 
get them out of business at the same time filters still to be used for 
small period of time when spammer is still able to send emails). Also 
proper laws should stop people like Al Ralsky who operate from US but have 
servers overseas. They should be considered commercial mailers and would 
either have to abide by opt-out laws and actually get your opt-in permission
before sending email or they should have civil/criminal penalties, for any 
email sent from company they control no matter from where the email was 
sent from.

> You do *not* want every company in the country 
> broadcasting email address to every address they can find.
I did not understand this.
 
> "But," you say, "If you don't want that, just put your name on the 
> opt-out list."
> 
> I assert that if we tacitly support opt-out, we will create a mail 
> situation so bad that you won't be able to function unless you 
> opt-out.  *Everyone* will want to opt out. 
I do not believe you're right. 

But a lot of people will opt-out and expect a lot less spam, while opt-out 
only help to get rid of unwanted commercial emails that are not generally 
spam. So that is why we need to find solution for real spam before 
starting to implement opt-out.

> And what is the point of 
> an opt-out system in which every person in the world is required to 
> opt out?  Furthermore, as has been mentioned numerous times.  It's 
> not just a question of email addresses, it's a question of domains 
> and bounces as well.
> 
> Opt-out can work for phone numbers because there are a finite number 
> of phone numbers.  There are *not* a finite number of email 
> addresses.  It should not be mandatory that every time you reserve a 
> domain you have to go and opt-out all possible email addresses in 
> that domain.  That makes no sense whatsoever.
> 
> To sum it up.
> 
> 1. Opt-out doesn't affect the majority of the people we are trying to stop.
I Agree.

> 2. Opt-out will make things worse.
I do not agree.

> 3. There is no point in an opt-out system that everyone has to join.
This point can be right or wrong depending on opt-out technology. In what 
I proposed it would be wrong.
 
> Even if you don't believe #2, #1 and #3 still stand.  As do my points 
> concerning domains and infinite email addresses.
> 
> I strongly believe that this group should make absolutely no 
> recommendations for a global opt-out system. 
If you look at the asrg charter, it specifically says
"Possible components of such a framework may include: 

Consent Expression Component: This involves recipients expressing a policy 
that gives consent or non-consent for certain types of communications"

So it seems we will have to make these "recomendations".

----
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net

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Does a post-Palladium world provide another perspective on the
successful execution of SMTP-NG?  Is the TCPA (Microsoft) vision of
filtering out unsigned messages relevant to the successful execution of
a new protocol?

"Microsoft claims that Palladium will stop spam, viruses and just about
every other bad thing in cyberspace - if so, then the antivirus
companies, the spammers, the spam-filter vendors, the firewall firms and
the intrusion detection folk could all have their lunch stolen." 
-- http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/tcpa-faq.html

..Scott



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] TCPA & Palladium 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 28 Mar 2003 08:44:06 MST."
             <000901c2f540$e0dee010$cf00000a@SCOTT> 
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--==_Exmh_-453521920P
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

On Fri, 28 Mar 2003 08:44:06 MST, Scott Chasin <scott@mxlogic.com>  said:
> 
> Does a post-Palladium world provide another perspective on the
> successful execution of SMTP-NG?  Is the TCPA (Microsoft) vision of
> filtering out unsigned messages relevant to the successful execution of
> a new protocol?
> 
> "Microsoft claims that Palladium will stop spam, viruses and just about
> every other bad thing in cyberspace - if so, then the antivirus
> companies, the spammers, the spam-filter vendors, the firewall firms and
> the intrusion detection folk could all have their lunch stolen." 
> -- http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/tcpa-faq.html

If there's a buffer overflow in IIS, it will still quite happily execute
in the IIS security context, just as it does now.  What Palladium is REALLY
for is to support DRM - so you can't open your own files unless the vendor's
app says it's OK.

Now combine Palladium with the Kazaa "all your resources are belong to us" EULA,
and you have a distributed spam engine that the user CANT TURN OFF!!

Ouch.

--==_Exmh_-453521920P
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To: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Notes on Callback SMTP Transmission
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 06:27:46 -0800 (PST)

> > As promised I'm sending you notes on callback tranmission. This notes
> > are similar format as verification notes I sent before and in fact I had
> > them done together.
> 
> Callback transmission is an interesting idea, but consider:
I never said its "best" of my ideas. It just something that I considered 
when evaluating various verification schemes and I actually saw some more 
problems with callback then just the ones you noticed or the ones I included
in the notes. I ended up selecting message tracking as the one I'd write 
actual draft on. But callback can still be usefull, I may come back to it.

> 1 - NastySpammer sends millions of connections from thousands of 0wned hosts,
> and suddenly poor victim gets a DDoS from all the callbacks from hosts
> attempting to receive the purported mail.
Which proposal was this for #2 or #4? If #2 (callback to server listed in 
EHLO), the connection must still be maintained with the original source
that is making transmission so they'll be found pretty quickly by network 
engineers. I mean DoS is still possible but it requires the same amount of 
resource that they can otherwise already do from those same hosts to 
attack site directly, so it does not change the picture.

If its #4 (callback to domain listed in MAIL FROM command), I see your 
point since connection is made after original server closes it. But 
change to keep connection open just like in #2 can also be made.
 
> 2 - How does this fix open SMTP relays?
I meant existing ones... but that probably does not matter since they'll 
not support new system. But it certainly does get rid of proxying.

> An open SMTP relay will presumably
> set itself as the host to call back.  In fact, how does this interoperate
> with SMTP relaying?
Since this is per-tranmission technology it'll require each relay to do 
callback.

What was not included is another is version of callback proposal 4 which 
does it differently:
  If email is received with MAIL FROM and CALLBACK and email would need to 
go futher (be relayed), this email server (relay) will try to call the next 
server that it'd otherwise going to send email to and if next server 
support callback, it'd be make a connection and provide same commands
(RCPT TO, MAIL FROM with CALLBACK) as the original call to this server 
and in this case the actual callback has to be done by that next or final 
destination server.

In the above the relay just passes on origin information and last server 
in chain that was going to deliver email does callback to pick the actual 
email data. This makes open relay effectively useless as far as spammer is 
concerned.

----
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net

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Cc: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>, william@elan.net, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history 
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--==_Exmh_-443637976P
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

On Thu, 27 Mar 2003 23:13:45 EST, John R Levine said:

> >        All your MXs and other relays need to know the
> >        preference of every _user_ they relay for, unless they relay only fo
r
> >        single-user sites.
> 
> This is the "every user's entitled to receive all spam" fallacy again.

No.  This is the "PSMTP.COM" problem.  This *ONE* site is the MX for literally
kajillions of domains - I have one Listserv box that has routed 4,985 pieces
of mail there in the last week, and that's for 156 different domains.  And
that's just *MY* one server.  There's no way they can advertise the correct
policy for all 156 domains unless there is a one-size-fits-all policy at
psmtp.com.


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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com>
To: "'Markus Stumpf'" <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@space.net>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: Asrg digest, Vol 1 #133 - 14 msgs
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 11:30:34 -0500

>> The problem such a facility solves is to make spam forgery more
difficult,
>
>No, not really.
>What is the probability to fake <name>@hotmail.com or <name@yahoo.com>
>and get a hit? I'd say if you do it halfway intelligent it's about 98%.
>So you get mail from
>    susan23@hotmail.com
>it gets verified by hotmail.com as existant.
>What exactly help in this situation to eliminate spam?


 ----- It makes the sending server legitimate. This is the number one thing
that needs to be addressed.

	There are some very smart people participating, but like most smart
people, we are trying to over design it.

 	I submit to you that there will never ever be a way to stop someone
from sending spam if they really wanted to. What needs to happen is making
this process as difficult as possible and making the true source
*accountable* for the email that they send. 

	Let's break spam and not SMTP. The more difficult it is for a
spammer to send spam successfully to valid addresses, the lower the return
for the spammer. Eventually the economic model for UCE will be broken and
you will only get two types. Spam from people with deep pockets and
*legitimate* offerings.

	After you legitimize the source of the email, everything else is an
administration issue.

How do we do this?
 
 A reverse DNS (rDNS) lookup.

 eg.

<< HELO 90.67.80.1
>> Sending server has a valid A or MX record.
<< mail from: susyq123@yahoo.com
>> rDNS lookup of YAHOO.com RMX record shows that the IP address 90.67.80.1
is not a member of any of its mail servers' SUBNETS.
<< 550 Spam-B-Gone 

 The RMX record will either be a subnet in the case of multiple mta's,
multiple subnets in the case of multiple MTA's on different subnets or a
single IP address for domains with only one MTA. Listing all the specific IP
addresses for all MTA's that a host owns is cumbersome and unnecessary.


What does this mean for the following example:

<< HELO 90.67.80.1
>> Sending server has a valid A or MX record
<< mail from: susyq123@pornspam.com
>> rDNS lookup of pornspam.com RMX record shows that the IP address of
90.67.80.1 IS a member of its mail servers' subnets.
>> Ok- Send your email.


Yes.. that is right, the spam is coming. The HUGE difference here is that I
can block the RMX record of the domain, that will block ALL of the spammers
subnets or single MTA, whatever the case may be. I can now block the IP,
hostname, domain name, etc without fear of it being forged. I realize that
DNS can be forged, but this runs into 2 problems for a spammer... he is now
subject to federal criminal laws and faces potential long prison sentences
and huge fines and he must do many technical things first before he can
start spamming, which breaks the economic model or spam. It also removes
Joe-the-plumber as a spammer because he is no longer able to just let it fly
when he is at work. Right now, spamming requires no real special skills. How
many spammers and how much spam did I just kill?

	Now that I have killed all the untechnical spammers and the spoofing
spammers, I can now concentrate on what is left.
	How do I deal with those- RBLS, pressure on the ISP (because we now
know it is *really* coming from them), new or improved laws (I realize that
this does not scare a relay owner in Japan, but when was the last time you
received a spam asking you to pay up in YEN?!). My point is that even though
they are relays, the money is here. Since the amount of spam has been
drastically reduced, this leaves investigators free to concentrate on the
big guys.


 Ok.. What did I just say-

 You do not need to over design anything. Legitimize email and make it
difficult to spam. Destroy the economic model. Resolve other issues through
administration and tools. Send the big guys to court... Whether it be
criminal court or bankruptcy court, the outcome is the same. Force ISP's to
mend their ways. Spam *problem* resolved.



Regards,
Damon





*****
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From: James Lick <jlick@drivel.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Asrg digest, Vol 1 #133 - 14 msgs
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I'm probably not going to be able to convince you, but...

On Fri, 28 Mar 2003, Markus Stumpf wrote:
> We already have many of these techniques and they are used. A lot of
> them can easily be circumvented. What do they help? Does the spam volume
> decline?

Each of the techniques now in use at one time was extremely effective.
Each of them still blocks spam in bucketfulls.  Together, current
techniques can still block 90% of spam.  Nothing at all that we do with
blocking will ever cause a decline in spam volume, and if anything, it
causes the spammers to increase their volume.  But ultimately that volume
goes up whether we try blocking it or not.  Are you suggesting we just
give up?

Most spam blocking techniques have the attribute that to circumvent it,
one either has to expose himself or resort to a more unethical/illegal
manner of sending the mail.  The fact that spammers more often than not
choose the unethical/illegal route is not a failing of the spam blocking
techniques, but a failure in the spammer's moral compass.  Such practices
only highlight the fact that spammers cannot be considered ethical.
Whatever we can do to push them to expose this should be encouraged.

--- James Lick --- é»Žå»ºæº¥ --- jlick@drivel.com --- http://drivel.com.tw/ ---
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Cc: "'william@elan.net'" <william@elan.net>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Proposal for Opt-Out
Organization: Information Brokers, Inc.
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 11:32:31 -0500
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Hello all; (new to the RG and list...

This message I think presents a fundamental problem that I have not seen 
addressed (or at least referred to to-date) in the discussion, perhaps a 
reading of the archives is in order or a document archive contains such.  What 
I am referring to is a Statement of Requirements that enumerates an acceptable 
solution.  Below is such a beginning, and without such a document I don't think 
much headway can be made.

In addition, methods for addressing this "engineering" issue could quickly 
devolve to a 'religious war' of principle OR, an unwanted debate that has no 
objective technical basis.  As this is the case, and with due reference to the 
discussion below, I feel a discussion thread or drafting activity - which would 
be happy to participate in 
http://new.infobro.com/AboutUS/People/EricWilliams/ericwilliams.html - on a 
specific, logical and concise requirement document is suggested.

Taking a language from the note below:

> 1. We stop forgeries of mail headers and force all senders to reveal
> their name (but that I mean source, not actual name for personal emails,
> etc).

Requirement 1)  The proposal MUST address the issue of RFC821 [or envelope 
protocol] originating MTA/MUA authenticity.

> 2. We provide means for mail servers to authenticate in such a way that
> spammer can not easily change just their domain or their ip and begin
> sending email again (they'd soon be detected and their mail server
> blacklisted).

See Requirement 1).

> 3. Law outlaws sending unsolicited commercial email

Requirement 2) The proposal SHOULD be amenable to legislation, in place or 
pending as close as possible.

> 4. ISPs use filtering to get rid of unwanted spam that may still path
> through the cracks (i.e. spammer got new mail server and it has not been
> blacklisted yet or they hijacked the server, etc. etc.)

Requirement 3) The proposal MUST provide a flexibility for integration with 
other ANTI-SPAM (UBE/UCE) approaches [it shouldn't break anything].

Requirement 4) The proposal SHOULD provide implementation specifics that 
address the issues of privacy, security and which reflect end use choices, of 
either providers or users.

Requirement 5) The proposal SHOULD/MAY [not sure how strong this would be as a 
requirement] include a mechanism for implementation in messaging relay systems 
(MX hosts), end use 'post offices' (MTAs), and end node mail recipient systems 
(MUAs).  Proposals that include only one of these messaging system components 
MUST include mechanisms for interaction with the other components.

Requirement 6) The proposal MAY include a method for extension to or 
integration with other protocols, e.g. HTTP, that may be used to relay 
messages.

I feel there are many more 'technical' requirements which can be discussed in 
turn, but first some requirements may be in order.  In any event, these at 
least provide a strawman from which further discussion may be derived and do 
appear to satisfy the framework described in the charter.

my $.02

-----
Eric Williams
PGP Public Key
http://new.infobro.com/KeyServ/EricDWilliams.asc
Finger Print: 1055 8AED 9783 2378 73EF  7B19 0544 A590 FF65 B789

On Thursday, March 27, 2003 11:33 PM, william@elan.net [SMTP:william@elan.net] 
wrote:
> On Fri, 28 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>
> > At 6:11 PM -0800 3/27/03, william@elan.net wrote:
> > >Opt-out will not be effective all by itself.
> >
> > Of the proposals we have seen so far, which would change the dynamics
> > of opt-out as I've described them?
> The proposals offered so far are incomplete, that is why we all can not
> decide on any one... But I'll tell general solution:
>
> 1. We stop forgeries of mail headers and force all senders to reveal
> their name (but that I mean source, not actual name for personal emails,
> etc).
>
> 2. We provide means for mail servers to authenticate in such a way that
> spammer can not easily change just their domain or their ip and begin
> sending email again (they'd soon be detected and their mail server
> blacklisted).
>
> 3. Law outlaws sending unsolicited commercial email
>
> 4. ISPs use filtering to get rid of unwanted spam that may still path
> through the cracks (i.e. spammer got new mail server and it has not been
> blacklisted yet or they hijacked the server, etc. etc.)
>
> This leaves commercial opt-in email lists where company is setup as real
> business that does not hide itself and they get permission to send user an
> information on their product (airline ticket offers) but you do not want
> to receive "extra" advertisements of credit card offers as you're not
> interested in that. This is where opt-out system comes in and helps,
> it regulates commercial email and forces them to respect your wishes.
> Now the system I described allows for automated white-listing of certain
> commercial emails where users want to receive them - that will help on
> filters and allow them to be more effective and have less false-positives.
>
> --
> William Leibzon
> Elan Communications Inc.
> william@elan.net
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Mar 28 11:47:54 2003
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From: "John R Levine" <johnl@iecc.com>
To: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: "Brad Templeton" <brad@templetons.com>, william@elan.net, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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Date: 28 Mar 2003 11:43:48 -0500

> > >  All your MXs and other relays need to know the preference ...
> >
> > This is the "every user's entitled to receive all spam" fallacy again.
>
> No.  This is the "PSMTP.COM" problem.  This *ONE* site is the MX for literally
> kajillions of domains - I have one Listserv box that has routed 4,985 pieces
> of mail there in the last week, and that's for 156 different domains.  And
> that's just *MY* one server.  There's no way they can advertise the correct
> policy for all 156 domains unless there is a one-size-fits-all policy at
> psmtp.com.

156 domains is nothing.  At vuurwerk.nl the mail servers handle over
100,000 domains, and at schlund.de they have mail servers that handle over
a million.

Since psmtp.com is Postini, which is a spam filtering company, I suspect
that their policy for all of their incoming mail is NO UBE.  But even if
it's not, it's not a big deal.  They can have one MX that publishes NO UBE
and one that doesn't, probably on a single set of hardware.  (This is one
of the reasons that NO UBE flag is deliberately a single bit, not a
complex set of knobs and dials.)  The customers who want spam can stay on
the MX without the notice, the other 99% on the MX with the notice.  Same
with Vuurwerk or Schlund.

This isn't rocket science, nor is it even complicated programming.  If
they don't want to use NO UBE, all they have to do is nothing.

Why do people want this to be so much more complicated?

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer Commissioner
"I dropped the toothpaste", said Tom, crestfallenly.

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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 5.b. Opt out ? EC / UK govt proposals == Strict Opt in?
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At 11:50 AM +0000 3/28/03, Jon Kyme wrote:
>Except in the circumstances referred to in paragraph (3), a person shall
>not transmit, or instigate the transmission of, unsolicited communications,
>for the purposes of direct marketing, by means of electronic mail, unless ñ
>the recipient of the electronic mail has previously notified the sender
>that he consents for the time being to such communications being sent by,
>or at the instigation of, the sender for direct marketing purposes; and
></quote>

Lacking there is a requirement for the sender to provide evidence of consent.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 10:24:07 -0500

At 8:32 PM -0800 3/27/03, william@elan.net wrote:
>On Fri, 28 Mar 2003, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>
>>  At 6:11 PM -0800 3/27/03, william@elan.net wrote:
>>  >Opt-out will not be effective all by itself.
>>
>>  Of the proposals we have seen so far, which would change the dynamics
>>  of opt-out as I've described them?
>The proposals offered so far are incomplete, that is why we all can not
>decide on any one... But I'll tell general solution:

That's a very long wishlist.  You've postulated a world where the 
only people who send you non-opt-in email are either people who 
bought your address from people who forced you to agree to let them 
sell it, or people who can't seem to distinguish between the 
different types of email they want to send you.  You then see opt-out 
as the way to stop that.

I don't see that that changes anything.  Legitimize opt-out and all 
companies will buy and sell email addresses.  After all, you can 
always opt-out.

And the technical issues (aging, timeout, validation, opting out 
invalid email addresses...).  Those still remain as well.

Frankly, opt-out scares the hell out of me.

But do go ahead and spell out the best possible system.  If we 
understand the problem technically then that gives us the ability to 
shoot down bad proposals even before we get to the social argument. 
Let's just try and keep those unintended consequences in mind.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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To: James Lick <jlick@drivel.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Asrg digest, Vol 1 #133 - 14 msgs
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 10:41:03 -0500

At 5:36 AM -0800 3/28/03, James Lick wrote:
>More serious aspects of such a system are that it may drive spammers to
>forge spam from real addresses instead of fake, and that they may use such

The good news there is that if they do that, the legal hit is 
considerably higher.

I think most people have agreed on this list that address 
verification would be useful in preventing fake addresses.  It 
wouldn't stop spam, but it would help stuff the spammers into a 
smaller box.

What doesn't seem to have any agreement is *how* to do address verification.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: william@elan.net
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
Cc: John R Levine <johnl@iecc.com>, Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>,
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 10:25:25 -0500

At 7:52 PM -0800 3/27/03, william@elan.net wrote:
>   The problem is that your proposal forces all forces the same settings on
>all users of the isp and does not make any distintion on type of UCE. It

Not to mention all the domains hosted by that mail server--even more 
problematic with MXs.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Asrg digest, Vol 1 #133 - 14 msgs 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 28 Mar 2003 05:36:34 PST."
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 06:45:36 -0500

James Lick <jlick@drivel.com> wrote:
> The problem such a facility solves is to make spam forgery more difficult,
> and to force spammers into sending mail in a way that it can be tracked
> back.

  I agree whole-heartedly.  An 'ident' style requirement will never
solve all of the spam problem, but it may help.

> Whoever is running hotjuicyspam.com and merrily saying all addresses are
> valid has just painted a huge bullseye target on himself making it easier
> for me to reject his mail or take more extreme steps like suing him or
> getting his connection yanked.

  The owner of the domain name has also lost plausibile deniability.

  When email "from" some domain comes from a random IP which is not
verifiable to be associated with that domain, then we can have:

 - the domain owner claiming the mail was forged, so he's not
   responsible for
 - the owner of the IP claiming the IP was sub-let to someone else
 - the sub-letter claiming the box was "hacked", and he's not
   responsible, either.


  Having a domain publicly admit to be associated with an email makes
the work of assigning responsibility that much simpler.

> I would also like to say that I am disappointed in a lot of the criticisms
> of spam blocking/prevention techniques.  A lot of people are rejecting
> systems outright for having one or more flaws, when the system can still
> be effective despite those flaws.  Rather, one should evaluate a system
> not on whether it can be circumvented, but instead focus on the benefits
> of making things more difficult for the spammers.  Even if it is just a
> minor hassle to get around, it is still causing pain for the spammers.

  If the hassle to non-spammer is worse than the hassle to spammers,
then the "solution" has problems.

  But in general, I agree that we will need multiple imperfect, but
over-lapping solutions.

  Alan DeKok.
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To: pattib@gammon.com
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7.c Mass Mailers, reliability, and lack thereof
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 10:14:53 -0500

At 9:03 PM -0800 3/27/03, pattib@gammon.com wrote:
>While I've switched careers (at least temporarily) out of the
>high-tech industry, I have worked for a legitimate email marketer.
>And I can tell you for a fact that there are people who *do*
>want to receive opt-in email marketing.  They want to be notified

Isn't that the definition of "opt-in"?  Someone came and said they 
wanted to receive it?  (Whether the mailer verified that the idiot 
who entered the email address is actually the owner of the address of 
course is (unfortunately) a different issue.)

But telling company A you want to receive something is *not* the same 
as telling company B.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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To: "M Wild" <asrg@wildm.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] My ideas...
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 10:12:40 -0500

At 5:21 PM -0500 3/27/03, M Wild wrote:
>validate the From: address rather than the To:  I am contemplating clueing
>my MTA's in to actual valid users in the domain so that I can reject mail
>that I know I won't be able to deliver.  The thought here is to reduce the
>bounce messages to likely invalid free email accounts.  If the list members
>have any thoughts on why this would be a Bad Plan(tm) I am open to hearing
>them.  My first thougth on it is that my MTA will assist the spammers in

It is usually preferable to bounce messages at the SMTP prompt rather 
than later.  Most MTAs do know what accounts are valid.  Bouncing 
later makes things worse for everyone.

>Um...I don't know.  I never ceased to be amazed by the number of customers
>that we have that are using sub 200MHz Pentium boxes using IE 3.02/Microsoft
>Mail as their client software.  Some folks just don't have the patience for
>a 25MB download.

There's a 25MB download to upgrade the speed of your Pentium?! :-)

Seriously, if they are running 200Mhz Pentium boxes, the odds that 
that 25MB upgrade is going to run at any reasonable speed on their 
box is pretty slim.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: "John R Levine" <johnl@iecc.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
Cc: "Brad Templeton" <brad@templetons.com>, william@elan.net, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 10:34:07 -0500

At 12:42 AM -0500 3/28/03, John R Levine wrote:
>Server banners in practice give users a whole lot more choice than they
>have now.  No ISP offers unfiltered mail, since their spool disks would
>fill up in seconds.

You lost me there.  You're claiming that there are no ISPs that don't 
filter spam?  That isn't true.

You claim that this allows anyone to opt-out, but anyone who doesn't 
will be flooded with too much email.  Why bother having opt-out then? 
Just make it illegal.

Which leads me to the final point.  The courts have already ruled (in 
the U.S.) that an ISPs AUP is sufficient (even if not read by the 
spammer) to make spam illegal. (Watch the legal presentation at the 
MIT spam conference.) So the banner is not necessary.  And a 
web-based AUP is far easier to implement, doesn't require the support 
of MX servers, and can be done on a per-domain basis.

Note that the fact that this makes spam illegal hasn't particularly 
changed anything.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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To: "Dr. Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Blacklist blackmail
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 10:42:21 -0500

At 2:46 PM +0700 3/28/03, Dr. Jeffrey Race wrote:
>On Fri, 28 Mar 2003 00:43:20 -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>
>>>1) Don't bother sending that person (or ISP) email anymore.
>>Thank God the phone system doesn't work that way.
>
>In fact it works precisely that way on modern telephone exchanges,
>which provide the option to refuse calls from call-originators who
>block transmission of Caller ID data.  The ID-blocking caller
>receives a message he can't complete the call.

No.  That's the individual's decision.  In this case it's the ISP's 
decision.  It's as though your phone company decided to block all 
calls to you from Kalamazoo.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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To: Esa Laitinen <esa@laitinen.org>
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 10:55:30 -0500

At 12:05 PM +0200 3/28/03, Esa Laitinen wrote:
>On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 12:43:20AM -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>>  I think that advertising a RBL, getting people to use it, adding
>>  innocent ISPs to it, and then charging them to get off is pretty
>>  close to blackmail.
>
>Sure. And your proof of innocent ISP's getting listed is exactly where?
>Notice that proof of listing is not enough. Let us know the IP's
>involved so others can decide for themselves if the listing was
>justified.

It's very odd that anytime anyone says anything negative about a 
blacklist they promptly get accused of being loose with the facts. 
Doesn't seem to happen on any other topic on this list.

The World. 199.172.62.105.  Do you think Barry's been spamming lately?

>  > In this case, the RBL is used by another RBL.  Osirusoft. Do you
>>  suppose that people who subscribe to Osirusoft's RBL are aware that
>>  they are aiding this kind of thing?
>
>How is Osirusoft's bl using blars (pointers, please)? Sure, the www
>lookup on Osirusoft's site queries blars as well, but I fail to see any
>information regarding Osirusoft's bl using blars.

I have seen the bounce message.  The sender was at The World.  The 
receiver said he was using Osirusoft.  Since Osirusoft's web site is 
down, and I don't know their DNS lookup addresses, I'm afraid you're 
on your own for the rest.

Of course, if we follow the typical course of these discussions, the 
IP will no longer be on the blacklist, and you can tell me that I'm 
wrong and that the message actually didn't bounce for that reason.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: "'John R Levine'" <johnl@iecc.com>, Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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On Friday, March 28, 2003 2:06 AM, John R Levine [SMTP:johnl@iecc.com] wrote:
...
> > > Right.  How does giving server operators the option to publish a NO UBE
> > > policy force a policy decision on them?  For the 99.99999999% of server
> > > operators and their users who don't want spam they publish a standard NO
> > > UBE banner.  For toad.com, they don't.  It's up to them.
> >
> > This is where it gets messy.  As noted, this approach very stronly
> > encourages
> > only domain-wide policy.  Then it has to deal with the questions of what
> > policies can be expressed.  If you go to very simple policies like only a
> > tag that means "No UBE" with some definition agreed on to the parameters of
> > that, then people can have only a binary choice of policy.
>
> Given that there must be hundreds of millions of domains and subdomains on
> the net, a domain strikes me as a pretty fine level of granularity.  And
> you can have any policy you want, with NO UBE as a baseline.  If you put
> on a NO UBE banner and publish a policy somewhere saying "we welcome all
> mail about kittens to meow@templetons.com", kitten mail to that address,
> even if bulk, is not U any more.  Laws and software are not the same and
> it's a really bad idea to try to encode every legal statement you might
> want to make into software, which is one of the reasons I think the
> complicated opt-out list proposal is a non-starter.
...

This addresses a policy which must be interpreted by the sending end node of 
such a policy AND a content 'descriptor' that could be applied, difficult at 
best I think.  In addition if we follow the logic of this approach than we must 
concede that the spammer will send 'kittenized' U mail to the effect that it 
circumvents the policy boundary, that does not actually contain 'kitten' mail, 
do we not?  With respect to this witness the U mail at present, how many are 
really related to the topic in the subject v. how many have misleading 
subjects.  We all know content filtering as a proposal is not a good idea for a 
solution, this to me seems to be an extension of that concept.

>
> > The problem with a binary policy flag is that it effectively applies the
> > same policy decision to all,
>
> Uh, no.  See note above.

With respect to this I think the following requirement should be considered:

Requirement 5) The proposal SHOULD/MAY [not sure how strong this would be as a 
requirement] include a mechanism for implementation in messaging relay systems 
(MX hosts), end use 'post offices' (MTAs), and end node mail recipient systems 
(MUAs).  Proposals that include only one of these messaging system components 
MUST include mechanisms for interaction with the other components.


Regards,

Eric

-----
Eric Williams
PGP Public Key
http://new.infobro.com/KeyServ/EricDWilliams.asc
Finger Print: 1055 8AED 9783 2378 73EF  7B19 0544 A590 FF65 B789

>
> Regards,
> John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for
> Dummies",
> Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer
> Commissioner
> "I dropped the toothpaste", said Tom, crestfallenly.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Mar 28 12:07:40 2003
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'John R Levine'" <johnl@iecc.com>, Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
Cc: "william@elan.net" <william@elan.net>, "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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I think the following argument makes the point for these requirements:

Requirement 2) The proposal SHOULD be amenable to legislation, in place or 
pending as close as possible.

Requirement 4) The proposal SHOULD provide implementation specifics that 
address the issues of privacy, security and which reflect end use choices, of 
either providers or users.

Is there some concurrence on this?

Eric

On Friday, March 28, 2003 2:49 AM, John R Levine [SMTP:johnl@iecc.com] wrote:
> > > you can have any policy you want, with NO UBE as a baseline.  If you put
> > > on a NO UBE banner and publish a policy somewhere saying "we welcome all
> > > mail about kittens to meow@templetons.com", kitten mail to that address,
> >
> > Problem is, get practical.  Do you have any doubt, any doubt at all, that
> > this would make the banner the almost universal netwide default policy?
>
> I certainly hope so.  Since we've learned that UBE is rapidly making
> e-mail unusable, the practical options are some sort of ban on UBE or no
> e-mail at all.  I would guess that we'd also agree that any sort of system
> that allowed people to opt out of UBE would be universally taken up, so
> the effect of your position here is to oppose any limits on UBE.  Surely
> that's not what you want.
>
> > As you know, de facto universal policies are often viewed the same as laws.
> > If everybody picks the same thing, you have by definition not given them
> > really a choice.
>
> People can ask for any e-mail they want.  That's a real and useful choice.
>
> Choices have to make a meaningful difference to be important.  I don't
> have the choice to drive down the left side of the road, but that doesn't
> limit my ability to get where I want to go.
>
> > In a proper engineering solution, you seek a means to actually give people
> > a choice.  Do you feel this meets that test?  For example, if the banner
> > had
> > a numeric parameter concerning the size of the mailing ...
>
> Forget it, that's too complicated.  The point here is to come up with
> something that is useful but still simple enough that it can be referred
> to in a law and interpreted by judges who are not dumb but don't have a
> software background.  I can confirm that explaining NO UCE and NO UBE to
> legislators and staffers is pretty easy, since I've done it.
>
> > However, putting in a protocol so that everybody can set it is silly from
> > a technical standpoint.  Same with a law.
>
> There's an entirely sensible reason for definining it this way, which I
> suspect you already know.  Server banners allow laws to be phrased in
> terms of property rights, as opposed to laws that would completely ban
> classes of mail which get tied up in knots with arguments about free
> speech.  I happen to think the free speech arguments are misguided,
> particularly in view of the strong recent appellate opinion upholding the
> junk fax law, but it's clear that a pure NO UBE or NO UBCE law isn't going
> to happen.  Politics is the art of the possible, and NO UBE is possible
> and achieves a result with negligible practical downside, since it still
> lets every user ask for and get any mail that he or she wants.
>
> Any sort of opt out or tagging rule or any other limit on spam is
> meaningless without a legal stick to whack violators, so I don't see much
> point in defining constructs that have no chance of having the necessary
> stick attached.
>
> Regards,
> John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for
> Dummies",
> Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer
> Commissioner
> "I dropped the toothpaste", said Tom, crestfallenly.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 28 Mar 2003 15:42:56 +0100."
             <20030328154256.D24104@Space.Net> 
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Subject: [Asrg] Multiple overlapping solutions
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 07:00:09 -0500

Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@space.net> wrote:
> > The problem such a facility solves is to make spam forgery more difficult,
> 
> No, not really.
> What is the probability to fake <name>@hotmail.com or <name@yahoo.com>
> and get a hit? I'd say if you do it halfway intelligent it's about 98%.
> So you get mail from
>     susan23@hotmail.com
> it gets verified by hotmail.com as existant.
> What exactly help in this situation to eliminate spam?

  When coupled with a system like RMX, the effectiveness of an 'ident'
increases substantially.  Messages can be shown (with some confidence)
to be legitimately from a domain.

  Together, these two techniques ensure that spammers are either
traceable, or more likely to be easily determined to be spammers.

> I don't see the goal of this group to find a new method that works
> for 2-6 months and after that it's worse than before.

  None of these solutions are proposed in isolation.  Can we please
STOP assuming that any solution will be the ONLY one implemented, and
attacking it based it's imperfections when used in isolation?

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] TCPA & Palladium 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 28 Mar 2003 08:44:06 MST."
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 07:04:47 -0500

"Scott Chasin" <scott@mxlogic.com> wrote:
> Does a post-Palladium world provide another perspective on the
> successful execution of SMTP-NG?  Is the TCPA (Microsoft) vision of
> filtering out unsigned messages relevant to the successful execution of
> a new protocol?

  It only works if everyone buys in.

  As a hint to Microsoft: Not everyone in the world is subject to
U.S. laws.  Many people outside of the U.S. even refuse to buy
software or hardware from the U.S. which attempts to enforce U.S. laws
on them.

> "Microsoft claims that Palladium will stop spam, viruses and just about
> every other bad thing in cyberspace -

  I fail to see how running Palladium on my machine will prevent
spammers from sending spam, or me from receiving it.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for Opt-Out
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On Friday, March 28, 2003, at 07:24  AM, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> Frankly, opt-out scares the hell out of me.


and any opt-out system is either going to have to have the buy-in of 
the e-marketers voluntarily, or be stuffed down their throat through 
legislation. And you can bet if they aren't interested in voluntarily 
buying into it, it won't go easy being legislated.

So any opt-out system has to also deal with the needs and interests of 
the e-marketers. If it's designed and built unilaterally, it'll be a 
non-starter, and while this is a technical forum, it shouldn't be 
coming up with things that are politically infeasible, since that's a 
waste of time.

So if there's going to discussions of building systems that other 
groups have to agree to use, those groups need to be involved at some 
level, too. Maybe not now, but liason to them one decisions are made to 
go in that direction.

(I'll say again, however, that you can fix every legitimate e-marketer 
in existance perfectly, exactly the way you want it in your dreams, and 
most users won't ever notice because of all of the spam in their 
mailboxes. I think opt-out systems are worthy of exploring, NEXT. Until 
the issue of spam and spam volumes are dealt with, nothing else matters 
here. Opt-out systems are polishing the brass on the Titanic. Deal with 
the iceberg first!)

I think the problem is we keep migrating back into "fixing the 
e-marketing space" because we at least can find and talk to those 
folks, where spam is a much nastier, intractable problem. the problem, 
though, is that it ends up solving problems that don't solve the 
problem, which is that 42% of the mail that I wake up to every morning 
is spam, and I have a high-volume inbox. And I compare that with the 
10-15 pieces of email a week I get from e-marketers (amazon, orbitz, 
etc), and frankly, that's just not The Problem here. It's sara and her 
pet zebra. Twelve times.

Working with the e-marketing people is a good thing. Coming up with 
standards for consent systems (whether they're opt-in, opt-out or 
whatever, it boils down to a consent system) is a good thing. 
Standardizing EULAs and how they're presented is a very good thing. 
Anything we can do to help users get a more standard environment that 
works reliably in that space is a very good thing -- but it won't solve 
the problem, and even if all of that got implemented perfectly, this 
forum would be an abject failure if sara's e-mail keeps showing up in 
my mailbox every day.

Yes, it's the tougher problem, but if it's not solved, nothing else 
matters.

IMHO, of course.

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|From: "M Wild" <asrg@wildm.com>
|To: <asrg@ietf.org>
|Subject: Re: [Asrg] My ideas...
|Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 17:21:36 -0500
|
|> I do have some questions about the solutions/ideas talked about.  I
|> was wondering why not have the "TO:" field be required to be
verifiable
|> from each stop.   I know this would increase the bandwidth
requirements
|> of each email, but it would also prevent unidentified emails (99% of
|> the spam I get are unidentified).   If the MTA would validate on
|> arrival and unvalidated email gets rejected, you at least have an
|identified
|> user to squash when spammed.
|
|Welcome Tony - Reading this message I get the sense that you want to
|validate the From: address rather than the To:  I am contemplating
clueing
|my MTA's in to actual valid users in the domain so that I can reject
mail
|that I know I won't be able to deliver.  The thought here is to reduce
the
|bounce messages to likely invalid free email accounts.  If the list
members
|have any thoughts on why this would be a Bad Plan(tm) I am open to
hearing
|them.  My first thougth on it is that my MTA will assist the spammers
in
|weeding out invalid accounts in my domain however that is balanced by
not
|having to send bounce messages (to the tune of 28000 I'm getting rid of
now
|just to get some spool space back) to sometimes unresponsive mail
hosts.


Your right, I was thinking FROM: and typed TO:   I was not thinking it
would
be all that much of a benifit for a spammer to send you tons of mail
that all
bounced since that identifies his IP address for blocking.
|> Any solution that requires users to change their tools/upgrade/do
|something
|> different is OK, they have the incentive to do it so as to
|> get rid of spam.
|
|Um...I don't know.  I never ceased to be amazed by the number of
customers
|that we have that are using sub 200MHz Pentium boxes using IE
3.02/Microsoft
|Mail as their client software.  Some folks just don't have the patience
for
|a 25MB download.
I guess my view is that if a user wants to get rid of spam they must do
something
(like upgrade their mail tools, pressure their isp to upgrade) or I have
little
sympathy.
|> The problem has to be solved on the sending end or you do not have
|> a solution.  The only ideas that seem to make sense are the idea of
|> validating the sender at each hop (then as more and more MTAs get
|> updated to do this, the sender is better identified and can be
blocked)
|> and the idea of estamps.
|
I| disagree on this point.  I cannot control what other folks do with
their
|MTA's  I *CAN* control how my mail servers are configured, what
software
|they run and whatever else it takes to, if not solve, at least reduce
the
|problem.  This paragraph also supports my initial assertion that you
want to
|validate From: addresses.  This has been proposed in other threads and
the
|question that comes to my mind is "Isn't that what VRFY is for?"  I may
be
|mistaken.  Again, I appeal to the collective wisdom of the list.
|
|Regards
|Mike
That is my point, you cannot control what other people do, but on your
system
you upgrade to the super-duper spam detector and you help all those
downstream
to your system.  It reduces your load because you only receive them and
don't have to send them on.   The closer you get to the sender at
stopping spam,
the greater the benifit.



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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7.c Mass Mailers, reliability, and lack thereof 
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 07:14:02 -0500

pattib@gammon.com wrote:
> Legit email marketers are pretty far away from the millions-of-
> addresses CDs ...  They don't always follow anti-spam best
> practices, and sometimes they even screw up, but in general, legit
> email marketers will try pretty damned hard not to send mail to
> people who don't want it.

  The 'legitimaate' emails would appear to satisfy the following
criteria:

 a) send a lot of email
 b) are willing to publicly state who they are, and why
    they're sending the email
 c) are willing to remove people from their lists
 d) try to have only 'opt-in' lists


  The amount of mail from bulk emailers who *don't* satisfy all of
those criteria is probably a thousand, to a million times worse than
the amount of mail from bulk emailers who do satisfy those criteria.

  Spam solutions should affect 'legitimate' bulk emailers as little as
possible.  But if we can agree on that, the "problem" of email from
bulk emailers is so small that it's irrelevant to the discussion about
spam.

  Alan DeKok.
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To: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
cc: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Proposal for Opt-Out
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 07:33:51 -0800 (PST)

> This message I think presents a fundamental problem that I have not seen 
> addressed (or at least referred to to-date) in the discussion, perhaps a 
We have this on our "Work Items" list and nobody before did it. 
I think you just volunteered - congrats and thank you!

> reading of the archives is in order or a document archive contains such.
There were couple emails early on that I remember that contained
some kind of list of requirements. I'll try to find it out and send to you
and the list to help it out.

> Requirement 1)  The proposal MUST address the issue of RFC821 [or envelope 
> protocol] originating MTA/MUA authenticity.
There is actually some difference between authenticity between MTAs and 
authenticiy of origin (i.e. so that email headers are not forged). That
is why I put it as #1 & #2. I have to think a little bet to see if I can 
find how to fraze requirement for my #2 below.
 
> > 2. We provide means for mail servers to authenticate in such a way that
> > spammer can not easily change just their domain or their ip and begin
> > sending email again (they'd soon be detected and their mail server
> > blacklisted).
>
> See Requirement 1).
> 
> > 3. Law outlaws sending unsolicited commercial email
> 
> Requirement 2) The proposal SHOULD be amenable to legislation, in place or 
> pending as close as possible.
Good. I don't like wording "pending as close as possible". Just "amenable 
to legislation" is enough.
 
> Requirement 3) The proposal MUST provide a flexibility for integration with 
> other ANTI-SPAM (UBE/UCE) approaches [it shouldn't break anything].
Ok with above 

But there should be SEPARATE requirement that 
"Proposal SHOULD NOT break existing email communication infrastructure"

> Requirement 4) The proposal SHOULD provide implementation specifics that 
> address the issues of privacy, security and which reflect end use choices, of 
> either providers or users.
Make it "providers and end-users"
 
> Requirement 5) The proposal SHOULD/MAY [not sure how strong this would be as a 
> requirement] include a mechanism for implementation in messaging relay systems 
> (MX hosts), end use 'post offices' (MTAs), and end node mail recipient systems 
> (MUAs).  Proposals that include only one of these messaging system components 
> MUST include mechanisms for interaction with the other components.
I'm ok with the above, I did not quite understand why it needed.

> Requirement 6) The proposal MAY include a method for extension to or 
> integration with other protocols, e.g. HTTP, that may be used to relay 
> messages.
Because it says "MAY" this can not be part of the REQUIREMENTS. And I do 
not see why fraze like that is needed.

----
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net

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> Requirement 2) The proposal SHOULD be amenable to legislation, in place or
> pending as close as possible.
>
> Requirement 4) The proposal SHOULD provide implementation specifics that
> address the issues of privacy, security and which reflect end use choices, of
> either providers or users.
>
> Is there some concurrence on this?

Sure, so long as you realize there's some tension between the two.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer Commissioner
"I dropped the toothpaste", said Tom, crestfallenly.

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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 12:17:03 -0500

At 3:42 PM +0100 3/28/03, Markus Stumpf wrote:
>On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 05:36:34AM -0800, James Lick wrote:
>>  The problem such a facility solves is to make spam forgery more difficult,
>
>No, not really.
>What is the probability to fake <name>@hotmail.com or <name@yahoo.com>
>and get a hit? I'd say if you do it halfway intelligent it's about 98%.
>So you get mail from
>     susan23@hotmail.com
>it gets verified by hotmail.com as existant.
>What exactly help in this situation to eliminate spam?

1. It makes it more obvious to the clueless that spam is not 
legitimate.  Sending email with a fake address is very different from 
sending email using someone's real address.
2. It gives us a better legal hammer with which to hit spammers. 
Damages are more clear (some of the early spam suits were of this 
type), and a number of existing laws come into play as soon as you 
send something while pretending to be someone else.

Nobody is claiming this will stop spam.  However it will limit a 
certain type of abuse which is now extremely common.

In addition, such a mechanism has the potential to be used to verify 
that addresses entered on a web form are valid *before* they are sent 
email.  I'm sure I'm not the only one running a domain that would 
greatly benefit from that check.

>  > This system is akin to rejecting non-existant domains from sending mail.
>  > Easily circumvented.  Standard practice for years.  Idiot spammers still
>  > using fake domains like crazy.  Not nearly as much as before, but it still
>>  blocks an awful lot of spam.
>
>Yes. And now they fake existing domains.

Right.  We've limited their return address options.  Add the ability 
to check addresses and we limit them more.  This seems like a move in 
the correct direction.

>We already have many of these techniques and they are used. A lot of
>them can easily be circumvented. What do they help? Does the spam volume
>decline?
>Having thousands of sysadmins plugin nitty gritty tools will not solve
>the problem.

Agreed.  But the alternative is replacing them all with a new system. 
And that's not going to happen.  So we work with what we have.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7.c Mass Mailers, reliability, and lack thereof 
From: pattib@gammon.com
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 28 Mar 2003 10:14:53 EST."
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 09:31:59 -0800

>Isn't that the definition of "opt-in"?  Someone came and said they 
>wanted to receive it?  (Whether the mailer verified that the idiot 
>who entered the email address is actually the owner of the address of 
>course is (unfortunately) a different issue.)

Yes, it is.  In an ideal (i.e. spam-free) world, I could just go off
to my hairdresser's website, slap my address in where it says "let me
know when you start using a new brand of shampoo", and that would be it.

Sure, there would occasionally be abuse-- someone could get pissed
at you and slam your name onto two dozen mailing lists, for example.
But in this dream spamn-free world that would only be a mild annoyance,
since you could just unsubscribe and be done with it.

The start of this thread was someone who lumped in genuine opt-in
marketing email with millions-of-addresses-on-CD spammers.  I wanted
to show that they are two very different things.



>But telling company A you want to receive something is *not* the same 
>as telling company B.

That depends upon who companies A and B are.

If company A is the abovementioned hairdresser, and company B provides
the actual mechanics of sending out the new-shampoo mail, then I think
it is the same thing.  This assumes, of course, that company B is
providing that service honestly and carefully, and doesn't use my
address for anything other than sending mail from my hairdresser.
(This is the kind of company I worked for.)


How about the next tier?  "We're providing you with this free service.
In exchange, you agree to let some of our buddies send you ads."  Can
that be workable?  While that email is generally less interesting to
the recipient, I think it can also be workable if it's done well.

In this case, the address would either need to be kept in-house, or
passed off to one responsible vendor who serves as an agent.  This
allows for a reliable single-point-of-unsubscribe mechanism for all
mail sent as a result of your affiliation with free-service-provider.
You definitely don't want the address passed off to multiple entities,
since turning off the flow would then be significantly more difficult.

I'm making some assumptions about the email vendors in all of this--
they promptly and reliably honor unsubscribe requests, carefully
protect the privacy and security of mailing lists, etc.  But there
*are* email vendors like that out there-- I worked for one.  (You would
not believe how many technical hoops I jumped through to ensure that
every single unsubscribe request was honored during every conceivable
flavor of system downtime.)  

They also impose some stringent restrictions on their clients about how
addresses are acquired and managed, to avoid sending mail to people who
don't want it.  I'll admit that most vendors are probably not quite as
good about this as they should be, but they *are* trying.

These vendors are as far from make-money-fast-with-a-bigger-penis-and-
hot-lolitas-and-viagra-to-15-million-addresses as you can get.

-Patti
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To: william@elan.net
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for Opt-Out
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 12:08:00 -0500

At 5:52 AM -0800 3/28/03, william@elan.net wrote:
>  > You don't *want* it to stop
>>  the people you explicitly gave permission to.
>Opt-out should be specific enough that you could blacklist entire category
>of commercial email but whitelist particular sender. So basicly even if
>you gave them your email to say notify of updates and they are instead
>trying to pitch you new product or service you could stop that depending
>how well opt-out is both technology and laws.

That gets pretty complex and subjective.  Nice in concept though.


>  > A global opt-out list is a tacit statement that it's okay to spam
>>  random email addresses.
>I hope I did not make it appear as if that is true!

I don't see how it can be otherwise.  If I put my email address on my 
web site (e.g. support@example.com), why won't they assume that it's 
okay to send anything to that address so long as it's not on an 
opt-out list?


>  > After all, if you didn't want email, you
>  > would have put your name on the list, right?  This is exactly the
>  > *wrong* way to go.  We do not want "100 million email address CDs" to
>  > become legitimate sales tools just because they were cleaned by the
>  > opt-out list.
>Technology for opt-out should be good enough to prevent use of the email
>list by anybody but authorized bulk mailer. So spammers would not be able
>to verify your address either one way or another, other means should be

No verification necessary.  Just remove opted-out people from the CD 
and sell it.

>  > You do *not* want every company in the country
>>  broadcasting email address to every address they can find.
>I did not understand this.

Umm. Yes, well it would help if I'd written it in a known language.

What I meant to say was, "You do *not* want every company in the 
country sending email to every address they can find that isn't on 
the opt-out list."

>  > I strongly believe that this group should make absolutely no
>>  recommendations for a global opt-out system.
>If you look at the asrg charter, it specifically says
>"Possible components of such a framework may include:
>
>Consent Expression Component: This involves recipients expressing a policy
>that gives consent or non-consent for certain types of communications"
>
>So it seems we will have to make these "recomendations".

Absolutely.  I'm saying that we should recommend against opt-out as 
means of consent.  There are other, much simpler, ways to define 
consent.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history 
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On Fri, 28 Mar 2003 11:43:48 EST, John R Levine said:

> it's not, it's not a big deal.  They can have one MX that publishes NO UBE
> and one that doesn't, probably on a single set of hardware.  (This is one
> of the reasons that NO UBE flag is deliberately a single bit, not a
> complex set of knobs and dials.)  The customers who want spam can stay on
> the MX without the notice, the other 99% on the MX with the notice.  Same
> with Vuurwerk or Schlund.
> 
> This isn't rocket science, nor is it even complicated programming.  If
> they don't want to use NO UBE, all they have to do is nothing.
> 
> Why do people want this to be so much more complicated?

I didn't say it was complicated.  I was pointing out that the problem
wasn't "everybody's entitled to get spam", but that you *do* have to think
about things like "two seperate MX".  So I think we're in agreement here. ;)

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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Brad Templeton'" <brad@templetons.com>, John R Levine <johnl@iecc.com>
Cc: "william@elan.net" <william@elan.net>, "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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Brad,

You make a good point for an additional requirement:

Requirement 7)  The proposal SHOULD describe a working definition of 
Unsolicited, Solicited, Bulk and other terms used to describe messaging 
commonly referred to as SPAM.

Eric

On Friday, March 28, 2003 3:33 AM, Brad Templeton [SMTP:brad@templetons.com] 
wrote:
...
>
> On the nearly-technical side, I am also concerned about how much success
> there will be in defining the terms.  Some what Solicited to be implied on a 
pre-
> existing relationship (possibly with a "respect unsubscribe requests" rule) 
and others
> want solicited to mean explicit subscription.  I would hope they can be
> reconciled.  And there are arguments on bulk in either case and where the
> cutoff should be, though in truth all low cutoffs are probably enough to
> solve the spam problem -- if they were obeyed.   Alas, I have poor faith on 
any
> of this being obeyed.   As you know, a significant fraction of the spam
> sent today is already illegal under non-spam laws --- fraud, illegal medical
> sales and all the rest -- so I see little hope in those spammers obeying
> the No-UBE sign we might hope to put up on our mailbox.
>
>
> Back to the technical, I would still recommend that any protocol defined
> in this matter allow individual choice.  Thus an ability to express desires
> after a RCPT command, in addition to at the banner, with a requirement that
> new mail tools SHOULD support this while older ones may only support the
> banner.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 28 Mar 2003 17:47:42 GMT."
             <CHILKAT-MID-7dd444db-775b-48cb-86ab-8debb067250b@NTSP4744.ns.mailkey.com> 
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 07:53:09 -0500

  Can I ask the chair to remove this person from the mailing list?

> From: tim@mailkey.com
...
> 
> The email you sent to me with the subject line as above has been rejected due to the fact that my email account is protected from SPAM by MailKey.   You are not (yet) on my 'A-list' of approved senders, and the mail did not contain a valid MailKey. 
> 
> To successfully send the email to me, you need to obtain a MailKey from the MailKey website. 
...
> The service is free, is very easy, and should take less than 1 minute to use!

  Posting to the list should NOT be taken as an excuse to spam people
with advertisements for commercial services.

  Alan DeKok.
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 10:13:19 -0800
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speaking of whitelists, someone doesn't have his set up properly for 
this list (grin)

of course, he probably won't get this one, either.

Begin forwarded message:

> From: tim@mailkey.com
> Date: Fri Mar 28, 2003  9:49:27  AM US/Pacific
> To: chuqui@plaidworks.com
> Subject: RE:- RE: [ASRG] PROPOSAL FOR OPT-OUT
>
> The email you sent to me with the subject line as above has been 
> rejected due to the fact that my email account is protected from SPAM 
> by MailKey.   You are not (yet) on my 'A-list' of approved senders, 
> and the mail did not contain a valid MailKey.

_______________________________________________
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Mar 28 13:21:41 2003
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Date: 28 Mar 2003 13:19:49 -0500

Can we agree that this sort of stuff is not an appropriate way to
fight spam.  Jump through a hoop, visit a web site, pick up a magic
string, then paste it into subsequent mail I send.  I don't know very many
people who I'm that desperate to sent e-mail to.

I was responding to a message he sent me; evidently he's too busy to read
answers to questions he asks.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer Commissioner
"I dropped the toothpaste", said Tom, crestfallenly.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 18:03:45 +0000
From: tim@mailkey.com
To: johnl@iecc.com
Subject: RE:- RE: [ASRG] OPT-OUT NOTES: TOO COMPLICATED, IGNORING HISTORY

The email you sent to me with the subject line as above has been rejected due to the fact that my email account is protected from SPAM by MailKey.   You are not (yet) on my 'A-list' of approved senders, and the mail did not contain a valid MailKey.

To successfully send the email to me, you need to obtain a MailKey from the MailKey website.

A MailKey is a short unique code which will allow the email to be delivered  you simply insert the MailKey anywhere in the subject line, and re-send the email to me.

The service is free, is very easy, and should take less than 1 minute to use!

Please go to http://www.mailkey.com/pklookup.aspx?to=xxx@xxxxxxx.com&amp;from=xxxxx@xxxx.com to obtain the MailKey you need.

To retrieve the email you sent please go to http://www.mailkey.com/retrievebody.aspx?id=xxxx

If you want to use the free MailKey service to lock out SPAM from your email account, or find out more about MailKey, please go to http://www.mailkey.com



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--==_Exmh_-414004288P
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On Fri, 28 Mar 2003 10:13:19 PST, Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>  said:
> speaking of whitelists, someone doesn't have his set up properly for 
> this list (grin)
> 
> of course, he probably won't get this one, either.

Somebody needs to record the URL of the original msg to the list, so we can
reference it the next time somebody things whitelists are the best thing
since sliced bread and will cure AIDS, the common cold, cancer, and blackheads.

:)

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On Friday, March 28, 2003, at 10:20  AM, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:

>

> Somebody needs to record the URL of the original msg to the list, so 
> we can
> reference it the next time somebody things whitelists are the best 
> thing
> since sliced bread and will cure AIDS, the common cold, cancer, and 
> blackheads.
>

you forgot that it adds three inches..... (oh, never mind)

whitelists are far from a panacea. I simply now consider them a lesser 
evil...


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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Mar 28 13:30:53 2003
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Date: 28 Mar 2003 13:30:16 -0500

> > People can ask for any e-mail they want.  That's a real and useful choice.
>
> Indeed, but not one in this protocol proposed.

I don't get it.  People can already ask for all the bulk mail they want,
by signing up for newsletters and discussion groups.  That part of the
e-mail infrastructure works fine, with or without adding NO UBE.  Why is
it important or even useful to reinvent that?

> But in the end, I see this banner as effectively equivalent to writing
> into SMTP, "Senders MUST NOT send UBE"

Don't be silly.  If you want to run a system that accepts all spam, or
uses some other scheme to decide what mail it'll accept, you can keep
doing so, and senders can keep sending it to you.  Nothing here changes
the status quo for people who don't want to change their mail servers.

> The goal here is not to give users a choice, the reality is it is to
> have everybody specify the same choice, for who wouldn't want to say they
> don't want spam?

Saying this over and over again doesn't make it any more true and only
distracts from your valid arguments.  Nothing coerces server managers to
use NO UBE (other than, perhaps, a desire for self-preservation which
neither of us is likely to change).  If a server manager doesn't want to
use NO UBE, nobody other than his users will care in the least.

> The engineering question here is, "Do users need a way to refect their
> UBE preferences during the SMTP dialog, and if so, how should they be able
> to do it in a way that meets their desires."

No, the question is whether server managers need a standardized way to
publish the policy they already have.  If you want to invent a system full
of knobs and dials with a langugage that allows users to state in
excruciating detail what kind of mail they want and under what conditions,
you can certainly do so, but that's not what this is.

> On the nearly-technical side, I am also concerned about how much success there
> will be in defining the terms.  Some what Solicited ...

This argument has been thrashed out in telemarketing and junk fax laws and
court cases.  It's not a technical question, so we don't need to redo that
here.

> Back to the technical, I would still recommend that any protocol defined
> in this matter allow individual choice.

Users can already ask for all the mail they want, so the principle of
parsimony tells us that it's unwise to invent a new mechanism that
duplicates (badly) what they already have.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer Commissioner
"I dropped the toothpaste", said Tom, crestfallenly.



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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 10:43:43 -0800

Slight difference to the wording.

It should be clear what the person if opting out from. We don't have to
define spam, just the solicitations that they are opting out from.

		Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Eric D. Williams [mailto:eric@infobro.com]
> Sent: Friday, March 28, 2003 12:43 PM
> To: 'Brad Templeton'; John R Levine
> Cc: william@elan.net; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
> 
> 
> Brad,
> 
> You make a good point for an additional requirement:
> 
> Requirement 7)  The proposal SHOULD describe a working definition of 
> Unsolicited, Solicited, Bulk and other terms used to describe 
> messaging 
> commonly referred to as SPAM.
> 
> Eric
> 
> On Friday, March 28, 2003 3:33 AM, Brad Templeton 
> [SMTP:brad@templetons.com] 
> wrote:
> ...
> >
> > On the nearly-technical side, I am also concerned about how 
> much success
> > there will be in defining the terms.  Some what Solicited 
> to be implied on a 
> pre-
> > existing relationship (possibly with a "respect unsubscribe 
> requests" rule) 
> and others
> > want solicited to mean explicit subscription.  I would hope 
> they can be
> > reconciled.  And there are arguments on bulk in either case 
> and where the
> > cutoff should be, though in truth all low cutoffs are 
> probably enough to
> > solve the spam problem -- if they were obeyed.   Alas, I 
> have poor faith on 
> any
> > of this being obeyed.   As you know, a significant fraction 
> of the spam
> > sent today is already illegal under non-spam laws --- 
> fraud, illegal medical
> > sales and all the rest -- so I see little hope in those 
> spammers obeying
> > the No-UBE sign we might hope to put up on our mailbox.
> >
> >
> > Back to the technical, I would still recommend that any 
> protocol defined
> > in this matter allow individual choice.  Thus an ability to 
> express desires
> > after a RCPT command, in addition to at the banner, with a 
> requirement that
> > new mail tools SHOULD support this while older ones may 
> only support the
> > banner.
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
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> 
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 19:50:52 +0100

On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 10:41:03AM -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> I think most people have agreed on this list that address 
> verification would be useful in preventing fake addresses.  It 
> wouldn't stop spam, but it would help stuff the spammers into a 
> smaller box.

It wouldn't even reduce the amount of spam.
Is it just me or why do I get the impression that a lot of people think
that spammers are dumb idiots and that telling them "nanana, you can't
do this anymore" will change a thing?
I am rather sure they are on this list and watch closely to be prepared
and they are no idiots.

Has anybody noticed spam like e.g. (addresses are envelope information):

unknown:66.118.181.5 HELO gfpqkw.com
unknown:66.118.181.5 rejected: <jicgpmdiehc@hotmail.com> to <bob@space.net>
unknown:66.118.181.5 rejected: <ucowrngrdcq@hotmail.com> to <bob@space.net>
unknown:66.118.181.5 rejected: <wgrcmjflvib@hotmail.com> to <bob@space.net>

What's so unusual about it?
It's not a  1:n  relation, but a  n:1  relation in one connection from
the same host. Spammers no longer depend on the multi RCPT_TO feature
and it still works.
It shouldn't be too big a problem to combine pairs from their databases
(just like a lot of outlook viruses already do from the addressbook)
and use the same ole algorithms.
Or let the software abuse the domain of the abused mailserver (ok, that's at
least more fair than using the domain of anyone unrelated).
The changes to the existing software should be minimal, I'd assume.

The spammers software is evolving and the time when it was "dumb"
is long gone.

I have skimmed over Williams slides at
   http://www.elan.net/~william/asrg-emailpathverification-presentation.pdf
and what I am really missing in the scenarios are e.g. the thousands of
small companies on a dynamic DSL connection that depend on running their
own mailserver, because they are connected to "ISPs" that don't offer
this service. Have you ever asked them what they think about DUL?
What will they think about validating services or RMX? From my
experience 80% won't even understand what you are talking about.

I really don't know ... does hotmail, yahoo etc all provide SMTP
relay services or do you have to use their web interfaces?
If they don't provide SMTP relay there is also missing a solution for
the thousands of public mail service provider users that use those
addresses for this and that, from Internet cafes or from their
mailbox.

We need a rather easy and widely adoptable solution or it won't work.

And really I don't want to "attack" all the discussed solutions, but if any
such system should be a workable approach, using a "all or nothing" system
if probably the worst. Also a solution that needs a "if you support system
X it's nice, if you don't I'll take it too" is rather absurd.

When designing such a system
- think about universities ... will they set up validation mechanisms
  for ten thousands of users?
- think about medium sized companies ... will they change to the new
  system?

The more we burden the end user (and in this area small/medium companies
qualify as end user) the system will fail, because they won't go through
the hassle. And if they don't do it nobody will. As an ISP I can't change
to a system on 1.1.2004 that is used by 5% of all users and tell my
customers "too bad. And no it won't stop spam but it makes it harder,
and sorry that you cannot talk to your clients any more". And if there
are reasons ISPs can't (easily) migrate, they won't at all.

IMHO an integral part of all those discussions should be

- benefit
	how much spam will it stop MORE
- costs
	how much will it cost to install and maintain the system
	What is the cost of adding one new user to the system.
	(think small companies .. hiring a technician and paying big
	bucks for adding an email account will distract them).
- usability
	how much has every user to do more to send email to another
	person? How complicated is it? Will they want to do it?
	Do they need new software?
- transition
	are there pitfalls during a transition period? Will hosts
	that have [not] changed be isolated? How much percent of email
	users in total will take part right at the start at a specified
	date. what is the estimated period that we expect users to switch
	to the system.

Besides I am not too convinced behind the ideas of all systems discussed,
most badly fail at least 2 of the above topics.
And no, I don't have a resourceful solution. If I had I wouldn't discuss
here but wade in money.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 7:52 PM -0800 3/27/03, william@elan.net wrote:
> 
>>   The problem is that your proposal forces all forces the same 
>> settings on
>> all users of the isp and does not make any distintion on type of UCE. It

> Not to mention all the domains hosted by that mail server--even more 
> problematic with MXs.

The whole world doesn't consist of ISPs and multiple-domain MTAs.

Corporate and private domains need to be able to specify a choice.

"No UBE" is corporate policy here. Indeed, much of the content UBE'd 
here would get the recipient in serious trouble if they actually took 
the UBE'er up on it.  The recipients _don't_ have a choice.  LEgally, 
neither do we.

And even with ISPs, a UBE banner would trivially allow them to 
differentiate service levels, and a low pain migration path should be 
easy to specify.

At the volumes we're seeing, the people who'd actually want take 
advantage of the choice of "unfiltered" are vanishingly small.

Remember the choice here w.r.t. survival is between "controlling UBE" or 
preventing it outright.


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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
Cc: "'John R Levine'" <johnl@iecc.com>, Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>,
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 10:52:07 -0800


Russell Brand is working on building a list of all the proposed goals that
have been discussed here.  Nobody will agree with the complete set but
there should be a core that can be found in it.  This is a worthwhile
project, in that I don't think you can take a real stab at solving
a problem until you have a clear common view of what the problem is and
what would constitute a solutions and what constraints (technical and
philosophical and legal) there are on those solutions.

However, it is fine in this group to bring forward possible solutions, debate
and refine them, and see if they can be made to fit our goals.  That
include things like opt-out systems, policy-declaration banners and so on.

However, it may be the case that in the final light, some of these may be
judged wanting for not adequately meeting some of the goals that have been
expressed, such as facilitating end-user choice, and not depending on
limited jurisdictional laws.  (This is not a USA-only organization, nor a USA
only problem, after all.)


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 28 Mar 2003 14:01:02 EST."
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 08:55:20 -0500

"Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:
> And even with ISPs, a UBE banner would trivially allow them to 
> differentiate service levels, and a low pain migration path should be 
> easy to specify.

  And no one is requiring that ISP's have the *same* UBE banner on all
of their MTA's.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: John R Levine <johnl@iecc.com>
Cc: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>, william@elan.net, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 11:17:24 -0800

On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 01:30:16PM -0500, John R Levine wrote:
> > > People can ask for any e-mail they want.  That's a real and useful choice.
> >
> > Indeed, but not one in this protocol proposed.
> I don't get it.  People can already ask for all the bulk mail they want,
> by signing up for newsletters and discussion groups.  That part of the
> e-mail infrastructure works fine, with or without adding NO UBE.  Why is
> it important or even useful to reinvent that?

It isn't.  But the context here is that we started with an open end-to-end,
anybody-can-mail-anybody e-mail system, which is consistent both with
deeply held philosophical principles as well as consensus IETF engineering
principles.

The spam problem forces us to look at limiting that, reluctantly.

You seem to assume sometimes in this debate that people would not think
this banner is the best solution because they think somebody wants spam.
I've not run into anybody like that.   I have, however, run into many people
who believe that if E-mail is to be restricted, individuals should be the
decision makers in how it is to be restricted.  This is a part of the end to
end design philosophy.

But as you agree you are aware, every site would use this flag if it were
what was available to them.  So this is really not about providing users
with choice on how their mail operates, but is in fact about setting a global
network spam policy.   And you may want a global network spam policy, but
it's not consistent with that philosophy that I should be the master of my
own mailbox.

This may be a subtle point for some not used to the history of this sort of
politics of technology.  At the EFF we deal with it every day.   The DRM
battle is another perfect example.  You try to avoid making global decisions
for people on how their mail will be filtered.

Now I am not against the ability to put up a "no UBE" or similar sign on
my mailbox that might have similar legal force to a no trespassing sign on
my gate.   However, we don't have the mayor of the city put up a No Tresspassing
sign at the entrance to the city, and tell people if they don't like the
policy, they are free to move to another town.


> Don't be silly.  If you want to run a system that accepts all spam, or
> uses some other scheme to decide what mail it'll accept, you can keep
> doing so, and senders can keep sending it to you.  Nothing here changes
> the status quo for people who don't want to change their mail servers.

Again, you bring up this straw man.  I have not met anybody who wants spam
(by their definition of spam.)  I found it odd that somebody cited toad.com
as a site that wants spam, clearly whoever that was has no knowledge of the
situation there.

There is no question on whether users want the ability to stop spam.  The
issue is how, from a technical standpoint, we will give them the tools
to implement their own decisions on the matter.

> 
> Users can already ask for all the mail they want, so the principle of
> parsimony tells us that it's unwise to invent a new mechanism that
> duplicates (badly) what they already have.

Just about everybody agrees that we don't want any systems interfering
with solicited mail.   Our focus is on various forms of unsoclited mail.
(With alas, different definitions of unsolicited.)

Users are fare from one mind on that, however.

In particular, as has been noted before, I, and literally millions of others,
send unsolicited bulk e-mail.   We do it to people we have met before, not to
strangers.  But some I speak to seem to strongly feel that simply meeting
somebody is not a solicitation for them to send you e-mail.  It's a quagmire.
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Unhelpful "helpful" solutions
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References: <CHILKAT-MID-7dd444db-775b-48cb-86ab-8debb067250b@NTSP4744.ns.mailkey.com> <E18ytM5-0002Nz-00@mail.nitros9.org>
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 11:20:31 -0800

On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 07:53:09AM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
>   Can I ask the chair to remove this person from the mailing list?
> 
> > From: tim@mailkey.com
> ...
> > 
> > The email you sent to me with the subject line as above has been rejected due to the fact that my email account is protected from SPAM by MailKey.   You are not (yet) on my 'A-list' of approved senders, and the mail did not contain a valid MailKey. 
> > 
> > To successfully send the email to me, you need to obtain a MailKey from the MailKey website. 
> ...
> > The service is free, is very easy, and should take less than 1 minute to use!
> 
>   Posting to the list should NOT be taken as an excuse to spam people
> with advertisements for commercial services.
> 


Actually, it might be interesting to draft an RFC that simply gathers together
principles already established in other RFCs that might apply to anti-spam
tools.     For example, it looks like this user has violated the rule that
says that autoresponders should not respond to mailing list mail, except
for well-formatted bounces, which may cause the user to be removed from the
list.

Or did you get this when you replied to a mailing this person sent, and thus
were sending mail directly to him?
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Unhelpful "helpful" solutions
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 11:20:00 -0800

Looks like a Best Practices, or maybe a 'worst practices' draft 
is the answer here.

We cannot affect the whole world but we can certainly police
our own lists. It is very likely that others will follow our 
guidelines. This is how Netiquette evolves.


There is a problem in that mail clients can't distinguish mail 
sent from MOST mailing lists. The ietf lists are different in
that they do actually implement the List-Id feature so there
is no excuse not to recognise that the email came from a list.

These bounceback schemes are unacceptable and unscalable. In
effect every person who subscribes creates a spam for every
email they receive from someone not whitelisted.

Even more anoying is the people like Dan Bernstein who send
you a patronising message explaining that you were not important
enough to be whitelisted.

Email callback authentication is acceptable for mailing lists
where it is done to protect the recipient. It is not acceptable
for individuals to use it indiscriminately. It is possibly 
acceptable as a last resport for messages identified as being 
probable spam. For example a filter rates the probability of 
a mail being spam as 90% so the agent sends a response back 
saying 'the message you sent was identified as being 90% likely
spam so we are checking just in case it is genuine'.

People should not receive multiple callback messages from the same
address. Whitelisting MUST be automatic.


	Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Alan DeKok [mailto:aland@freeradius.org]
> Sent: Friday, March 28, 2003 7:53 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Unhelpful "helpful" solutions
> 
> 
>   Can I ask the chair to remove this person from the mailing list?
> 
> > From: tim@mailkey.com
> ...
> > 
> > The email you sent to me with the subject line as above has 
> been rejected due to the fact that my email account is 
> protected from SPAM by MailKey.   You are not (yet) on my 
> 'A-list' of approved senders, and the mail did not contain a 
> valid MailKey. 
> > 
> > To successfully send the email to me, you need to obtain a 
> MailKey from the MailKey website. 
> ...
> > The service is free, is very easy, and should take less 
> than 1 minute to use!
> 
>   Posting to the list should NOT be taken as an excuse to spam people
> with advertisements for commercial services.
> 
>   Alan DeKok.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 14:23:19 -0500

I just got two of these.

1. I never sent mail to tim@mailkey.com.  I've gone through my 
outbox.  As far as I can tell this is a reply to mail he received 
from the list, incorrectly sent to the From instead of the 
Return-Path.  I'd report the bug to the mailkey folks, but in order 
to contact them they force me to use their system.  Why should I 
waste my time any more than I already have?  Welcome to the 
fundmental flaw in challenge-response--it assumes that the sender 
cares more about sending than the receiver cares about receiving.

2. It's is nice that every once in a while someone joins the list and 
demonstrates the kind of broken adhoc solutions that we are here to 
try and prevent.

3. Love the all caps subject.  It's so 70's.


At 6:03 PM +0000 3/28/03, tim@mailkey.com wrote:
>Return-Path: <tim@mailkey.com>
>Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 18:03:48 +0000
>X-Mailer: Chilkat ActiveX Mail Control (www.chilkatsoft.com)
>To: nazgul@somewhere.com
>From: tim@mailkey.com
>Subject: RE:- RE: [ASRG] RE: ASRG DIGEST, VOL 1 #133 - 14 MSGS
>
>The email you sent to me with the subject line as above has been 
>rejected due to the fact that my email account is protected from 
>SPAM by MailKey.   You are not (yet) on my 'A-list' of approved 
>senders, and the mail did not contain a valid MailKey.
>
>To successfully send the email to me, you need to obtain a MailKey 
>from the MailKey website.
>
>A MailKey is a short unique code which will allow the email to be 
>delivered  you simply insert the MailKey anywhere in the subject 
>line, and re-send the email to me.
>
>The service is free, is very easy, and should take less than 1 minute to use!
>
>Please go to 
>http://www.mailkey.com/pklookup.aspx?to=tim@mailkey.com&amp;from=nazgul@somewhere.com 
>to obtain the MailKey you need.
>
>To retrieve the email you sent please go to 
>http://www.mailkey.com/retrievebody.aspx?id=1596
>
>If you want to use the free MailKey service to lock out SPAM from 
>your email account, or find out more about MailKey, please go to 
>http://www.mailkey.com

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 20:33:23 +0100

On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 08:30:42AM -0800, James Lick wrote:
> I'm probably not going to be able to convince you, but...

:-))

> causes the spammers to increase their volume.  But ultimately that volume
> goes up whether we try blocking it or not.  Are you suggesting we just
> give up?

No. What I'd like to have is a situation like with a desease (e.g. influenza).
You can use some medicine to ease headache and another to ease cough,
i.e. cure the symptoms.
Or you can fight the virus causing all the problems at the root.

> only highlight the fact that spammers cannot be considered ethical.
> Whatever we can do to push them to expose this should be encouraged.

Do you think there is one person on the Internet that uses email for
longer than 3 month that is not aware of this? But
- others do it and they don't go to jail, so why shouldn't I do it
  I suffer from them so they can also suffer a bit because of me.
- ethics are fine, but if your company is bankrupt, because you are
  ethical and the unethical guy next door earns millions of dollars,
  how would you decide? How will 90% of the world population decide?
  And remember, it's sad, but spam really works :(
So just pushing someone in the unethical corner won't help :-((

And: if a spammer is forced to use your email address to send out the crap
because using totally faked ones is impossible, because we wanted him to
expose that he is unethical, you'll wish he wasn't pushed that hard.

I can sue him then, you'll want to argue, right?
We're located in Germany. Our domain was abused. About 5 million bounces.
A few hundred complaints that our abuse Team had to deal with.
The spam was injected via dialup accounts in Mexico, Brasil and Argentina.
The contact address is
    Power Publishing, P.O. Box 7138, North Port, FL 34287
What do you think the chances of any successful legal action are like?
IANAL, but I'd say zero.
There is no evidence that the above company is the originator of the
spam. They could argue some competitor did it to mischief them. Case
closed.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 20:37:43 +0100

On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 07:00:09AM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
>   None of these solutions are proposed in isolation.  Can we please
> STOP assuming that any solution will be the ONLY one implemented, and
> attacking it based it's imperfections when used in isolation?

The more different solutions you will need to work together "to make it
work" the lower are the chances any of these will be adopted, because
the migration pathes will be too complicated or even not working at all.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
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 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 14:53:10 -0500

At 9:31 AM -0800 3/28/03, pattib@gammon.com wrote:
>How about the next tier?  "We're providing you with this free service.
>In exchange, you agree to let some of our buddies send you ads."  Can
>that be workable?  While that email is generally less interesting to
>the recipient, I think it can also be workable if it's done well.

Does anyone do that well?  (Just idly curious.)
I got burned by Jackpot.com a little over a year ago.  Someone signed 
up on their web site using my email address.  Within a matter of 
minutes Jackpot had given my email address to a dozen affiliates who 
promptly started a barrage of email advertisements.  The process was 
*not* reversible.  Jackpot had no way to say, "Oops, we take that 
address back."  I had to fight it out which each individual 
affiliate.  My only payment for this pain?  One of the affiliates 
lost their ISP account as a result.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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> It wouldn't even reduce the amount of spam.
> Is it just me or why do I get the impression that a lot of 
> people think
> that spammers are dumb idiots and that telling them "nanana, you can't
> do this anymore" will change a thing?

Lightweight authentication by IP address will reduce the amount
of spam in the short term. In most part the same way that car
alarms reduce the chance that YOUR car is the one stolen.

> I am rather sure they are on this list and watch closely to 
> be prepared
> and they are no idiots.

Some are idiots, quite a lot in fact and yes it would be 
rather good if those millions of CDROMs with email addresses
on started to become useless.


> It shouldn't be too big a problem to combine pairs from their 
> databases
> (just like a lot of outlook viruses already do from the addressbook)
> and use the same ole algorithms.

That is whay any authentication mechanism has to be set up
so that it can progress from lightweight authentication on
the sender IP address to more robust, cryptographic means.

Eventually we are going to have to deploy DNSSEC or SSL mail
certificates to defeat the bastards but we don't need to do 
that on day one to reduce the problem. 

> Have you ever asked them what they think about DUL?
> What will they think about validating services or RMX? From my
> experience 80% won't even understand what you are talking about.

Clearly the distinction between Dial up lists ceases to have
any utility once everyone is using DSL. Plenty of companies are
legitimately using DSL to support mail servers. DSL has plenty
of capacity for that task - heck not so long ago the whole of CERN
had less bandwidth than my cable provider gives me for my house.

There is an important point here, what appears to be expensive
to geekdom can be cheap to businesses, what appears cheap can
be very very expensive. In particular IETF solutions tend to
view geek time as being free. There is perhaps even a conflict
of interest here since many of the people who press for geek
intensive solutions then go out to sell expensive consulting
services. 

So proposing that someone use SSL and get a CA issued certificate
for $350 is a no-no, but devising an obfusticated and complex 
protocol that requires many days of $2000/day consultancy is OK.

Err... right.

 
> I really don't know ... does hotmail, yahoo etc all provide SMTP
> relay services or do you have to use their web interfaces?
> If they don't provide SMTP relay there is also missing a solution for
> the thousands of public mail service provider users that use those
> addresses for this and that, from Internet cafes or from their
> mailbox.

The only mechanisms I can think of that is currently deployable
for that application would be to either relay email through a
hotmail SMTP relay (with appropriate authentication of course),
or to issue the users with S/MIME certificates, probably as
part of a 'premium account' package.

Of course the volumes of the certificates involved would probably
make the cost per cert pretty minor.

[In cae you are wondering why I don't suggest PGP, well first,
Hotmail and AOL are both parts of companies that produce S/MIME
products so it is very unlikely they would support a competing
spec, second the authentication model of PGP is not at all easy to
automate for the customers who use Hotmail, Yahoo, Earthlink and 
AOL.]


> We need a rather easy and widely adoptable solution or it won't work.

Amen.

> Also a solution that needs a "if you 
> support system
> X it's nice, if you don't I'll take it too" is rather absurd.

What is needed is a way for Hotmail to say 'we support system X,
everything else should be rejected'.

			Phill 
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AMEN,

It does not appear to address the fundamentals and is easily circumvented using 
easily implemented methods (not the least of which is exploiting relays and/or 
causing DoS to 'get revenge' on some poor unsuspecting user group.  It is well 
thought through however and to me represents an attempt at addressing of a 
requirement.  IMHO, a requirement that addresses (My requirement #1 in a later 
thread on this list):

The proposal MUST address the issue of RFC821 [or envelope protocol] 
originating MTA/MUA authenticity.

However, after reviewing the draft I would make the following points:

+ Some of the elements appear to mix RFC822 header functionality with RC821 
envelope functionality, is this intended or just begging for yet another 
revision to 821?

+ The section 4.0 stuff is a bit mis-leading, errors in the message 
verification checks suggested (bogus verification checks) a client could 
potentially lead to loss of message, for instance a so-called bogus message 
verification token may have a name space collision with a valid message or with 
a message in 'transit'.  What are the client validation message (so that the 
server does not arbitrarily drop messages on 'validation') envelope semantics, 
e.g. how does the server know the verifying client is the recipients client?


Thanks,

Eric


On Friday, March 28, 2003 10:40 AM, David F. Skoll 
[SMTP:dfs@roaringpenguin.com] wrote:
> > From: william@elan.net
> > Subject: [Asrg] Notes on Callback SMTP Transmission
>
> > As promised I'm sending you notes on callback tranmission. This notes
> > are similar format as verification notes I sent before and in fact I had
> > them done together.
>
> Callback transmission is an interesting idea, but consider:
>
> 1 - NastySpammer sends millions of connections from thousands of 0wned hosts,
> and suddenly poor victim gets a DDoS from all the callbacks from hosts
> attempting to receive the purported mail.
>
> 2 - How does this fix open SMTP relays?  An open SMTP relay will presumably
> set itself as the host to call back.  In fact, how does this interoperate
> with SMTP relaying?
>
> --
> David.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Cc: "'Dave Crocker'" <dhc@dcrocker.net>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] cost vs. benefit
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Thanks Dave. :-)

I think the charter presents a fairly accurate framework.  What I suggest is a 
requirements document, and you are of course (to me at least) articulating the 
exact reason for development of a Requirements statement.  To that end let me 
include in this note the requirements I have cobbled together from this lists 
threads so far:

Requirement 1)  The proposal MUST address the issue of RFC821 [or envelope 
protocol] originating MTA/MUA authenticity.

Requirement 2) The proposal SHOULD be amenable to legislation, in place or 
pending as close as possible.

Requirement 3) The proposal MUST provide a flexibility for integration with 
other ANTI-SPAM (UBE/UCE) approaches [it shouldn't break anything].

Requirement 4) The proposal SHOULD provide implementation specifics that 
address the issues of privacy, security and which reflect end use choices, of 
either providers or users.

Requirement 5) The proposal SHOULD/MAY [not sure how strong this would be as a 
requirement] include a mechanism for implementation in messaging relay systems 
(MX hosts), end use 'post offices' (MTAs), and end node mail recipient systems 
(MUAs).  Proposals that include only one of these messaging system components 
MUST include mechanisms for interaction with the other components.

Requirement 6) The proposal MAY include a method for extension to or 
integration with other protocols, e.g. HTTP, that may be used to relay 
messages.

Requirement 7)  The proposal SHOULD describe a working definition of 
Unsolicited, Solicited, Bulk and other terms used to describe messaging 
commonly referred to as SPAM.

-e

-----
Eric Williams
PGP Public Key
http://new.infobro.com/KeyServ/EricDWilliams.asc
Finger Print: 1055 8AED 9783 2378 73EF  7B19 0544 A590 FF65 B789

On Friday, March 28, 2003 10:39 AM, Dave Crocker [SMTP:dhc@dcrocker.net] wrote:
> Folks,
>
> wen>         b. If at least some advertisers follow opt-out we should have
> less
> wen>            mail unwanted email
>
> The above statement reflects a frequent orientation towards many
> proposals that are offered. However it misses two, very basic issues:
>
> 1. Implementing and using a proposal is not free. It costs time, money
> and effort. It can affect email infrastructure performance. It can
> affect the user experience. So any proposal must balance these very-real
> costs against the hoped-for benefits.
>
> 2. Barriers to adoption and use are key to the success of any proposal.
> They need to be considered explicitly and realistically.
>
> If this group wants to be productive, it needs to develop a framework
> for evaluating proposals that forces useful rigor onto the developers of
> a proposal.
>
> d/
> --
>  Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
>  Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
>  Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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Cc: "'Markus Stumpf'" <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@space.net>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 14:11:20 -0600

On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 12:01:44PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> 
> > Have you ever asked them what they think about DUL?
> > What will they think about validating services or RMX? From my
> > experience 80% won't even understand what you are talking about.
> 
> Clearly the distinction between Dial up lists ceases to have
> any utility once everyone is using DSL. Plenty of companies are
> legitimately using DSL to support mail servers. DSL has plenty
> of capacity for that task - heck not so long ago the whole of CERN
> had less bandwidth than my cable provider gives me for my house.

We block IP address ranges which are used for dialup/dynamic addresses.
As far as we're concerned, if you don't have a static address for which
we can reach you at Postmaster@[IPaddress] later on, you have no business
sending us email from that address.  Such users are told to route their
email through their ISP or obtain a static IP address for their MTA.
-- 

Steven F. Siirila			Office: Lind Hall, Room 130B
Internet Services			E-mail: sfs@umn.edu
Office of Information Technology	Voice: (612) 626-0244
University of Minnesota
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Please remove tim@mailkey.com from the mailing list
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 12:09:30 -0800

No, not THE flaw, A flaw.

Remember the challenge/response anti-spam house that decided
to spam everyone they had sent a challenge to with a marketting
message?


> I just got two of these.
> 
> 1. I never sent mail to tim@mailkey.com.  I've gone through my 
> outbox.  As far as I can tell this is a reply to mail he received 
> from the list, incorrectly sent to the From instead of the 
> Return-Path.  I'd report the bug to the mailkey folks, but in order 
> to contact them they force me to use their system.  Why should I 
> waste my time any more than I already have?  Welcome to the 
> fundmental flaw in challenge-response--it assumes that the sender 
> cares more about sending than the receiver cares about receiving.
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 21:18:14 +0100

On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 02:11:20PM -0600, Steven F Siirila wrote:
> As far as we're concerned, if you don't have a static address for which
> we can reach you at Postmaster@[IPaddress] later on, you have no business
> sending us email from that address.  Such users are told to route their
> email through their ISP or obtain a static IP address for their MTA.

If the DSL provider charges extra bucks for use of their mailserver or
doesn't have a mailserver at all and the client of a customer of yours
(we're an ISP) tells your customer "manage to receive my email or I'll
cancel the contract" what would you tell your customer?
How many of your own customers can you afford to loose because of that?

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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        "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Asrg digest, Vol 1 #133 - 14 msgs
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 14:23:49 -0600

On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 09:18:14PM +0100, Markus Stumpf wrote:
> On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 02:11:20PM -0600, Steven F Siirila wrote:
> > As far as we're concerned, if you don't have a static address for which
> > we can reach you at Postmaster@[IPaddress] later on, you have no business
> > sending us email from that address.  Such users are told to route their
> > email through their ISP or obtain a static IP address for their MTA.
> 
> If the DSL provider charges extra bucks for use of their mailserver or
> doesn't have a mailserver at all and the client of a customer of yours
> (we're an ISP) tells your customer "manage to receive my email or I'll
> cancel the contract" what would you tell your customer?
> How many of your own customers can you afford to loose because of that?

How many customers can we afford to lose if we continue to allow the huge
amounts of spam that were coming in via dialups?  ;-)  As always, tradeoffs.
Actually, we've had little to no complaints.  Our user base is about 100,000.
-- 

Steven F. Siirila			Office: Lind Hall, Room 130B
Internet Services			E-mail: sfs@umn.edu
Office of Information Technology	Voice: (612) 626-0244
University of Minnesota
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 12:26:53 -0800

On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 08:55:20AM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
> "Chris Lewis" <clewis@nortelnetworks.com> wrote:
> > And even with ISPs, a UBE banner would trivially allow them to 
> > differentiate service levels, and a low pain migration path should be 
> > easy to specify.
> 
>   And no one is requiring that ISP's have the *same* UBE banner on all
> of their MTA's.

Yes, actually, that was what I believe he was proposing, a binary choice.
Either a No UBE banner, or no banner.
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Steven F Siirila'" <sfs@tc.umn.edu>,
        Markus Stumpf
	 <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@space.net>
Cc: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: Asrg digest, Vol 1 #133 - 14 msgs
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 12:45:29 -0800


We need to get beyond mechansisms that rely on listing 
dialup blocks etc. There is simply too much hassle involved
getting blocks listed and unlisted etc. Blacklists are
not a cheap solution, maintaining them properly is very 
expensive. What happens when someone is assigned an IP
block that has previously been identified as dialup?
how do they even know the listing exists? Similar problems
are being seen with the listing of IP blocks that were
previously 'unassigned' and hijacked by spamers, now
people are being assigned new IP blocks and finding that 
they are blacklisted before they ever send a mail.

Complaint volume is not a good guide here, how does someone
know why or even if you are blacklisting them? All they
know is that there is a university with a faulty mail service.

We need to move from these ad-hoc mechanisms to mechanisms
that are not tied to ad-hoc assumptions about how the
network works.

My broadband DHCP address may in theory be 'dynamic' but
it has been stable for the past two years. Lots of 
companies run mail servers off machines with DHCP addresses.

The only Internet protocol that requires a static IP 
address is DNS.

postmaster@IPaddress is never guaranteed to work. We move
machines arround all the time. This email could go out
via any one of a number of email servers that are hosted
in completely different IP address blocks.

The SMTP client tells the server which address it wants
complaints sent to when it does the initial SMTP HELO
command.

		Phill



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Steven F Siirila [mailto:sfs@tc.umn.edu]
> Sent: Friday, March 28, 2003 3:24 PM
> To: Markus Stumpf
> Cc: Steven F Siirila; Hallam-Baker, Phillip; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Asrg digest, Vol 1 #133 - 14 msgs
> 
> 
> On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 09:18:14PM +0100, Markus Stumpf wrote:
> > On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 02:11:20PM -0600, Steven F Siirila wrote:
> > > As far as we're concerned, if you don't have a static 
> address for which
> > > we can reach you at Postmaster@[IPaddress] later on, you 
> have no business
> > > sending us email from that address.  Such users are told 
> to route their
> > > email through their ISP or obtain a static IP address for 
> their MTA.
> > 
> > If the DSL provider charges extra bucks for use of their 
> mailserver or
> > doesn't have a mailserver at all and the client of a 
> customer of yours
> > (we're an ISP) tells your customer "manage to receive my 
> email or I'll
> > cancel the contract" what would you tell your customer?
> > How many of your own customers can you afford to loose 
> because of that?
> 
> How many customers can we afford to lose if we continue to 
> allow the huge
> amounts of spam that were coming in via dialups?  ;-)  As 
> always, tradeoffs.
> Actually, we've had little to no complaints.  Our user base 
> is about 100,000.
> -- 
> 
> Steven F. Siirila			Office: Lind Hall, Room 130B
> Internet Services			E-mail: sfs@umn.edu
> Office of Information Technology	Voice: (612) 626-0244
> University of Minnesota
> 
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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'Hallam-Baker, Phillip'" <pbaker@verisign.com>,
        "'Markus Stumpf'" <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@space.net>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: Asrg digest, Vol 1 #133 - 14 msgs
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 14:49:11 -0600


>> It wouldn't even reduce the amount of spam.
>> Is it just me or why do I get the impression that a lot of 
>> people think
>> that spammers are dumb idiots and that telling them "nanana, you can't
>> do this anymore" will change a thing?

>Lightweight authentication by IP address will reduce the amount
>of spam in the short term. In most part the same way that car
>alarms reduce the chance that YOUR car is the one stolen.

--- I can tell you that when we added LDAP to our 821 process, the volume of
spammers actually trying to make connections dropped by over 1/2 and has
stayed down since Sept of last year. Real world example of just saying
"nanana" actually reduces over-all spam connection load.

Regards,
Damon


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Cc: "'Steven F Siirila'" <sfs@tc.umn.edu>,
        Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@space.net>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Asrg digest, Vol 1 #133 - 14 msgs
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 14:56:12 -0600

On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 12:45:29PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> 
> We need to get beyond mechansisms that rely on listing 
> dialup blocks etc. There is simply too much hassle involved
> getting blocks listed and unlisted etc. Blacklists are
> not a cheap solution, maintaining them properly is very 
> expensive. What happens when someone is assigned an IP
> block that has previously been identified as dialup?
> how do they even know the listing exists? Similar problems
> are being seen with the listing of IP blocks that were
> previously 'unassigned' and hijacked by spamers, now
> people are being assigned new IP blocks and finding that 
> they are blacklisted before they ever send a mail.

I don't dispute the maintenance headaches with such lists.

> Complaint volume is not a good guide here, how does someone
> know why or even if you are blacklisting them? All they
> know is that there is a university with a faulty mail service.

Our rejection messages include a 550 with an embedded URL containing
encrypted information where the user can go to find out why they were
blocked and how they can request an override from our user.  I guess
the fact that we allow our users to override our default blocking is
what allows us to be heavier-handed in the first place.

> postmaster@IPaddress is never guaranteed to work. We move
> machines arround all the time. This email could go out
> via any one of a number of email servers that are hosted
> in completely different IP address blocks.

I had thought this was an RFC requirement.  I could be wrong.

> The SMTP client tells the server which address it wants
> complaints sent to when it does the initial SMTP HELO
> command.

Now I know that is not standardized.  How would I know that's what you meant
by putting an IP address in the HELO?  Most sites ignore the HELO parameter
as it is really only a comment, strictly speaking.
-- 

Steven F. Siirila			Office: Lind Hall, Room 130B
Internet Services			E-mail: sfs@umn.edu
Office of Information Technology	Voice: (612) 626-0244
University of Minnesota
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Blacklist blackmail
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In <p06000d0bbaaa1de4d284@[192.168.1.104]> Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> writes:

> 
> I have seen the bounce message.  The sender was at The World.  The
> receiver said he was using Osirusoft.  Since Osirusoft's web site is
> down, and I don't know their DNS lookup addresses, I'm afraid you're
> on your own for the rest.

I really don't think this is the place to discuss specific problems
with specific blacklists (or other systems).  However, in order to
help diagnose a specific problem, I would need more details, such as
the complete email of the bounce, including all headers.

Osirusoft runs several different blocklists, so I would need to know
exactly which blacklist the receiver is using.  In particular, if the
sender is using blocktest.osirusoft.com, then it is quite likely that
The World is on the list.

The Osirusoft website is not exactly down, but I have had to try about
10 times to get each web page.  I was able to confirm that
relays.osirusoft.com does not claim to use the blars DNSBL.

You can read Osirusoft's FAQ webpage via googles cache at:
http://216.239.39.100/search?q=cache:KPIM79Ow8X8C:relays.osirusoft.com/faq.html&hl=en&ie=UTF-8


In any case, making a claim that blacklists "are now" charging money
to be added or removed from blacklists is not something that is new.
Nor is this blackmail.  Nor did you explain that the reason you posted
your original email was because of a specific problem.


-wayne

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To: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
Cc: "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>, "'Dave Crocker'" <dhc@dcrocker.net>
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 13:24:36 -0800

On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 03:11:10PM -0500, Eric D. Williams wrote:
> Thanks Dave. :-)
> 
> Requirement 1)  The proposal MUST address the issue of RFC821 [or envelope 
> protocol] originating MTA/MUA authenticity.

Hmm.  I would venture that that is just one tool against spam, and not a
necessary one.  A working group on email authentication really is an
independent issue.     I would consider this a MAY, not a MUST.

Again, this is an implementation approach, not a goal.  Or rather, if SMTP
envelope authentication is a goal in and of itself, it's not a goal of
this RG, which is researching solutions to the spam problem.

> 
> Requirement 2) The proposal SHOULD be amenable to legislation, in place or 
> pending as close as possible.

Also a MAY.  Legislation is inherently local.  This is an international
engineering body.   We can provide tools to help a general legislative
framework where it might exist, but we should not do anything specific to
local laws like U.S. laws.    And be very wary of "pending" legislation.
There's always tons of "pending" legislation that doesn't have a snowball's
chance of passing, and it would be a serious error to design protocols with
any attention to it.

> 
> Requirement 3) The proposal MUST provide a flexibility for integration with 
> other ANTI-SPAM (UBE/UCE) approaches [it shouldn't break anything].

It is required not to break any existing and adopted RFCs but I can see no
reason why it should be constrained by various anti-spam tools out there.
For example, there are now many challenge/response systems out there and I
fully expect that any effort to standardize such activity (for example a
new SMTP response) would possibly break some of them.
> 
> Requirement 4) The proposal SHOULD provide implementation specifics that 
> address the issues of privacy, security and which reflect end use choices, of 
> either providers or users.

Russell is working on a much more detailed list for debate of such goals and
constraints which I am sure we will go over in detail.
> 
> Requirement 5) The proposal SHOULD/MAY [not sure how strong this would be as a 
> requirement] include a mechanism for implementation in messaging relay systems 
> (MX hosts), end use 'post offices' (MTAs), and end node mail recipient systems 
> (MUAs).  Proposals that include only one of these messaging system components 
> MUST include mechanisms for interaction with the other components.

You're getting way to deep into implementation details for a statement of goals.

The broad goal is that whatever is proposed should work within the context
of existing mail transport mechanisms (which of course include MUAs, MTAs,
outgoing relays and incoming relays)
> 
> Requirement 6) The proposal MAY include a method for extension to or 
> integration with other protocols, e.g. HTTP, that may be used to relay 
> messages.

Not sure what you are mean here.   We MAY propose any system that will address
the spam problem, of course.  IS there something specific about HTTP you have
in mind.
> 
> Requirement 7)  The proposal SHOULD describe a working definition of 
> Unsolicited, Solicited, Bulk and other terms used to describe messaging 
> commonly referred to as SPAM.

An important goal for some applications, though based on experience, not one
I think we'll accomplish.

Indeed, any proposal that is of the form, "Mail which meets the [definition of
spam] shall do this, or shall not do that" needs such a definition.

Proposals that instead rely simply on new rules for bulk mail (which I think
we can successfully define) could exist without a definition of spam itself.

There are many components in the various definitions of spam out there, and
proposals can be created to deal with these sub-components, and thus become
tools for people to build tools to attack their vision of what spam is.  Amongst
those sub components are:
		Bulk(volume) vs. Person to Person
		Subscribed (Explicitly, directly solicited) vs. Unsubscribed
		Reply vs. Origination
		Existing Relationship vs. Stranger
These are all components of spam definitions which we can work with without
laying down a spam definition.   Some other components much harder to define are:
		Parameters of implicit solicitation
		Degrees of existing relationship
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Blacklist blackmail
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On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 10:55:30AM -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> It's very odd that anytime anyone says anything negative about a 
> blacklist they promptly get accused of being loose with the facts. 
> Doesn't seem to happen on any other topic on this list.
> 
> The World. 199.172.62.105.  Do you think Barry's been spamming lately?

Dunno. There are reports about spam coming from that address space (two
from this year in NANAS). I don't know if they've been too busy (or
unable) to deal with them (or some other, not mentioned in NANAS). The
response from blars bl is 127.1.0.33, which indicates spam sending
domain and hosting spammer web sites. I just wish blars gave more 
information about the listing.

Currently that address is not listed in osirusoft as far as I can tell, 
but it is listed in blars, so I think the reference to osirusoft is 
false.

I ran into a curious snippet of information: apparently Barry isn't too 
worried about a few false positives either, see 
http://www.internetweek.com/story/INW20021219S0003
QUOTE: "The one thing I won't do is spend a remaining minute of our time 
talking about false positives. If we all go down in blazes, I don't care 
any more," Shein said. 

Anyway, it seems that the listing is a bit extreme to my taste, but then 
again I don't have all the facts. But I would like to check into the 
mental state of a person that uses blars for blocking, after reading the 
listing criteria.

> Of course, if we follow the typical course of these discussions, the 
> IP will no longer be on the blacklist, and you can tell me that I'm 
> wrong and that the message actually didn't bounce for that reason.

Notice, I didn't claim that you're wrong ;-). But it is quite feasible 
that the message that the bounce has has an error (not the first time 
this has happened).

-- 
"I'm really excited by George Bush's latest reason forbombing Iraq: he's
running out of patience. And soam I! For some time now I've been really
p1ssed offwith Mr Johnson, who lives a couple of doors down thestreet."
http://radio.weblogs.com/0114406/2003/03/11.html
YIM: reunaesa ICQ: 160631289 AIM: punkkinen MSN: esahi5@hotmail.com
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Alan DeKok'" <aland@freeradius.org>, "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] 7.c Mass Mailers, reliability, and lack thereof 
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A new requirement for the list from Alan (where the definition, criteria for 
'legitimate' are covered by Req 7)

>   Spam solutions should affect 'legitimate' bulk emailers as little as
> possible.

Requirement 8) The proposal SHOULD NOT attempt to affect legitimate messaging 
system uses for bulk mailing.  [This may also be covered by Req 3 but IMHO, 
this is more discreeet in the approach.]

-e

On Friday, March 28, 2003 7:14 AM, Alan DeKok [SMTP:aland@freeradius.org] 
wrote:
> pattib@gammon.com wrote:
> > Legit email marketers are pretty far away from the millions-of-
> > addresses CDs ...  They don't always follow anti-spam best
> > practices, and sometimes they even screw up, but in general, legit
> > email marketers will try pretty damned hard not to send mail to
> > people who don't want it.
>
>   The 'legitimaate' emails would appear to satisfy the following
> criteria:
>
>  a) send a lot of email
>  b) are willing to publicly state who they are, and why
>     they're sending the email
>  c) are willing to remove people from their lists
>  d) try to have only 'opt-in' lists
>
>
>   The amount of mail from bulk emailers who *don't* satisfy all of
> those criteria is probably a thousand, to a million times worse than
> the amount of mail from bulk emailers who do satisfy those criteria.
>
>   Spam solutions should affect 'legitimate' bulk emailers as little as
> possible.  But if we can agree on that, the "problem" of email from
> bulk emailers is so small that it's irrelevant to the discussion about
> spam.
>
>   Alan DeKok.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Unhelpful "helpful" solutions
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 13:31:28 -0800
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>>> From: tim@mailkey.com
>>

> tools.     For example, it looks like this user has violated the rule 
> that
> says that autoresponders should not respond to mailing list mail, 
> except
> for well-formatted bounces, which may cause the user to be removed 
> from the
> list.
>

Worse. Mailkey is a service the user has subscribed to -- it's a 
whitelisting company, one of many that are springing up. So at some 
level, you can't blame the user unless you expect him to know the 
details of how the service operates. Blame the people who wrote it for 
not following basic protocols, when in fact their job is (or should be) 
knowing them and getting it right.

free service, premium upgrades, and they own your email account, too. 
what a bargain.


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for Opt-Out
To: "Kee Hinckley"  <nazgul@somewhere.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 21:54:55 +0000

> >Consent Expression Component: This involves recipients expressing a
> policy
> >that gives consent or non-consent for certain types of communications"
> >
> >So it seems we will have to make these "recomendations".
> 
> Absolutely.  I'm saying that we should recommend against opt-out as 
> means of consent.  There are other, much simpler, ways to define 
> consent.


I'm not sure that "simpler" is the right word. Some of the possible
applications of consent expression that have been mentioned in the group
include opt-out, configuration of up-stream filters and (I'd add) opt-in.

It's a key problem - I believe an explicit consent expression mechanism
would be a significant *enabling* technology.







--
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 16:37:43 -0500

At 8:33 PM +0100 3/28/03, Markus Stumpf wrote:
>And: if a spammer is forced to use your email address to send out the crap
>because using totally faked ones is impossible, because we wanted him to
>expose that he is unethical, you'll wish he wasn't pushed that hard.

The interesting thing from a historical perspective is that forging 
real email addresses and the domains of third-party companies is far 
*less* common that it used to be.  The major ISPs still get a lot of 
it, but the days when it was some random company (or somewhere.com) 
seem to have stopped.

Would they come back if we forced authentication?  Maybe.  But 
authentication solves a lot of other problems as well.  Overall it 
sounds like a win if we can come up with a scaleable plan.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 16:34:32 -0500

At 7:50 PM +0100 3/28/03, Markus Stumpf wrote:
>On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 10:41:03AM -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>>  I think most people have agreed on this list that address
>>  verification would be useful in preventing fake addresses.  It
>>  wouldn't stop spam, but it would help stuff the spammers into a
>>  smaller box.
>
>It wouldn't even reduce the amount of spam.

So? I repeat.  "It would help stuff the spammers into a smaller box." 
Smaller box.  Easier target for blocking.

>Is it just me or why do I get the impression that a lot of people think
>that spammers are dumb idiots and that telling them "nanana, you can't
>do this anymore" will change a thing?

That is not my impression of this list.

>I am rather sure they are on this list and watch closely to be prepared
>and they are no idiots.

Yep.

>It shouldn't be too big a problem to combine pairs from their databases
>(just like a lot of outlook viruses already do from the addressbook)
>and use the same ole algorithms.

Yep. Already being done to some extent.  One reason why 
from-whitelisting is a short term solution.

>and what I am really missing in the scenarios are e.g. the thousands of
>small companies on a dynamic DSL connection that depend on running their
>own mailserver, because they are connected to "ISPs" that don't offer

That's a flaw with IP-based solutions.  As I said.  The concept has 
support, the disagreement is with the implementation.

>- think about universities ... will they set up validation mechanisms
>   for ten thousands of users?

They already do.  Bad addresses bounce.  That's not because the 
accounts are delivered by the outside mail server.  It's because the 
told the outside mail server what accounts were.

But you are missing the main advantage of sender validation.  It's 
not an advantage that helps fight spam immediately.  But it *is* one 
that helps it get deployed.

You don't have to deploy it if you don't care about people forging 
your domain.  In other words--the cost of deployment is laid at the 
feet of the people who care most.

>The more we burden the end user (and in this area small/medium companies
>qualify as end user) the system will fail, because they won't go through
>the hassle. And if they don't do it nobody will. As an ISP I can't change
>to a system on 1.1.2004 that is used by 5% of all users and tell my
>customers "too bad. And no it won't stop spam but it makes it harder,
>and sorry that you cannot talk to your clients any more". And if there
>are reasons ISPs can't (easily) migrate, they won't at all.

I agree 100% with your deployment arguments.  The majority of my 
messages to this list have been against systems with ridiculous 
deployment plans.  I just don't understand what you consider cost. 
You are complaining about sender validation.  Of all the proposals 
people have made here, it's one of the ones that has the *smallest* 
cost.  If you don't think that's doable, what exactly do you consider 
manageable?

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 16:45:24 -0500

At 2:01 PM -0500 3/28/03, Chris Lewis wrote:
>At the volumes we're seeing, the people who'd actually want take 
>advantage of the choice of "unfiltered" are vanishingly small.
>
>Remember the choice here w.r.t. survival is between "controlling 
>UBE" or preventing it outright.

I've got it.

Let's modify the SMTP RFC to require that the banner message reject UBE!
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
Cc: "'Eric D. Williams'" <eric@infobro.com>,
        "'Brad Templeton'"	 <brad@templetons.com>,
        John R Levine <johnl@iecc.com>, william@elan.net, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 16:43:51 -0500

At 10:43 AM -0800 3/28/03, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>Slight difference to the wording.
>
>It should be clear what the person if opting out from. We don't have to
>define spam, just the solicitations that they are opting out from.

Doesn't that just lead to multiple email lists at the same company? 
"We know you opted out of information about our mail product.  But 
this is our anti-virus mailing list.  We thought you'd be interested 
in that."  (To paraphrase a response I got from marketing at Sendmail 
when I flamed them.  (And yes, later the techies apologized.))
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@space.net>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Multiple overlapping solutions
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 16:25:25 -0500

At 8:37 PM +0100 3/28/03, Markus Stumpf wrote:
>The more different solutions you will need to work together "to make it
>work" the lower are the chances any of these will be adopted, because
>the migration pathes will be too complicated or even not working at all.

You're assuming that everybody has to install N solutions.

It appears that the direction we are heading is: Everybody may 
install one instance of N different solution types.

As to whether this will be adopted over replacing the system with 
something entirely new, I think the market has already spoken. 
Content filtering.  DNSBLs.  Custom blocking.  Spam Traps.

The market already *is* installing lots of migration patches. 
Because incremental changes, no matter how horrible from an 
architectural standpoint, are easier and safer (from a sysadmin 
standpoint) than wholesale change.  This is especially true when 
there are competing solutions.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Kee Hinckley'" <nazgul@somewhere.com>,
        "Hallam-Baker, Phillip"
	 <pbaker@verisign.com>
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        "'Brad Templeton'"
	 <brad@templetons.com>,
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 14:04:31 -0800

Not if the definition is set bu the maintainer of the opt-out list.

There is no way that opt-out lists can work if I have to individually opt
out of every list. I am not going to tell each of the List-kiddies who buy a
cdrom individually that they can't send me spam.

The key here is establishing mechanisms that ease the enforcement of laws. I
don't expect that many of the garbage creators will take notice of the
opt-out lists but courts will and until Ralsky leave the country and sells
all his US assets he is subject to US law, regardless of where he hosts his
servers.

	Phill

> At 10:43 AM -0800 3/28/03, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> >Slight difference to the wording.
> >
> >It should be clear what the person if opting out from. We 
> don't have to
> >define spam, just the solicitations that they are opting out from.
> 
> Doesn't that just lead to multiple email lists at the same company? 
> "We know you opted out of information about our mail product.  But 
> this is our anti-virus mailing list.  We thought you'd be interested 
> in that."  (To paraphrase a response I got from marketing at Sendmail 
> when I flamed them.  (And yes, later the techies apologized.))
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Asrg digest, Vol 1 #133 - 14 msgs 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 28 Mar 2003 12:45:29 PST."
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 17:12:15 -0500

--==_Exmh_-354795880P
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

On Fri, 28 Mar 2003 12:45:29 PST, "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" said:

> The only Internet protocol that requires a static IP 
> address is DNS.

Even that isn't totally true.

2136 Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System (DNS UPDATE). P. Vixie,
     Ed., S. Thomson, Y. Rekhter, J. Bound. April 1997. (Format: TXT=56354
     bytes) (Updates RFC1035) (Updated by RFC3007) (Status: PROPOSED
     STANDARD)

Even the NS RR can point at a dunamic address if you play games with the TTL ;)

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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 22:18:15 +0000

Could those people who read the list digest *please*
edit the subject of their replies so as to be
meaningful?

It's really doing my head in.





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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'wayne'" <wayne@midwestcs.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Blacklist blackmail
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 14:20:10 -0800


>In any case, making a claim that blacklists "are now" charging money
>to be added or removed from blacklists is not something that is new.
>Nor is this blackmail.  Nor did you explain that the reason you posted
>your original email was because of a specific problem.

I beleive that as a matter of law you are wrong. Extortion statues
have been applied to behaviour of that precise type. 

If threaten to publish or continue publishing information about 
someone unless they pay you that is considered extortion under
English Common Law and most US state laws. It does not matter whether
the information is true or false.

Specifically -

http://resource.lawlinks.com/Content/Legal_Research/US_code/Title_18/title_1
8_41.htm
CITE      18 USC Sec. 875
01/26/98
EXPCITE   TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
          PART I - CRIMES
          CHAPTER 41 - EXTORTION AND THREATS
  (d) Whoever, with intent to extort from any person, firm,
  association, or corporation, any money or other thing of value,
  transmits in interstate or foreign commerce any communication
  containing any threat to injure the property or reputation of the
  addressee or of another or the reputation of a deceased person or
  any threat to accuse the addressee or any other person of a crime,
  shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two
  years, or both.

The precedent in the MAPS case against Media3 indicates that a
blacklisting could injure the reputation of a party. Note that
the refusal of an injunction in the MAPS case was on the degree
of the injury being sufficient, not the fact of injury. Had the
pleading established that the monetary damages were significant
the injuction would probably have been issued on the reasoning
given.

So yes, this type of behavior is criminal extorition, whether
or not the statement thrreatened is true or not.

A blacklist cannot legally charge people for removal.

		Phill
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 14:28:27 -0800


OK run a DNS server on a dynamic address.

i don't think dynamic DNS is quite THAT dynamic yet.

	Phill
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu [mailto:Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu]
> Sent: Friday, March 28, 2003 5:12 PM
> To: Hallam-Baker, Phillip
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Asrg digest, Vol 1 #133 - 14 msgs 
> 
> 
> On Fri, 28 Mar 2003 12:45:29 PST, "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" said:
> 
> > The only Internet protocol that requires a static IP 
> > address is DNS.
> 
> Even that isn't totally true.
> 
> 2136 Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System (DNS UPDATE). P. Vixie,
>      Ed., S. Thomson, Y. Rekhter, J. Bound. April 1997. 
> (Format: TXT=56354
>      bytes) (Updates RFC1035) (Updated by RFC3007) (Status: PROPOSED
>      STANDARD)
> 
> Even the NS RR can point at a dunamic address if you play 
> games with the TTL ;)
> 
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From: "John R Levine" <johnl@iecc.com>
To: "Kee Hinckley" <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Date: 28 Mar 2003 17:48:53 -0500

> >It should be clear what the person if opting out from. We don't have to
> >define spam, just the solicitations that they are opting out from.
>
> Doesn't that just lead to multiple email lists at the same company?
> "We know you opted out of information about our mail product.  But
> this is our anti-virus mailing list.  We thought you'd be interested
> in that."

Yes, it does.  But if acquaintance spam were the worst problem we had to
deal with, we'd be in pretty good shape.  Companies who do that very often
start getting responses along the line of "opt me out of every list you
have, used to have, or ever will have because I'll never do business with
you slimeballs again."  I've certainly said that to Verisign, multiple
times since they are chronically unable to manage their lists, and I know
I'm far from the only one to do so.

The significant spam problem is UBE from strangers, so it's probably more
productive to focus on that.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer Commissioner
"I dropped the toothpaste", said Tom, crestfallenly.

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From: Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Blacklist blackmail
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 10:00:04 +1100

At 14:20 28/03/03 -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>If threaten to publish or continue publishing information about
>someone unless they pay you that is considered extortion under
>English Common Law and most US state laws. It does not matter whether
>the information is true or false.
>
>Specifically -
>
>http://resource.lawlinks.com/Content/Legal_Research/US_code/Title_18/title_1
>8_41.htm
>CITE      18 USC Sec. 875
>01/26/98
>EXPCITE   TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
>           PART I - CRIMES
>           CHAPTER 41 - EXTORTION AND THREATS
>   (d) Whoever, with intent to extort from any person, firm,
>   association, or corporation, any money or other thing of value...

This is not helpful since it requires a definition of "extort". There must 
be "intent to extort" for the provision to operate, which means that the 
provision itself does not assist in deciding what constitutes extortion.

It is probably sufficient for present purposes to point out that the 
situation is not nearly as simple as you suggest. In offences related to 
larceny (which includes extortion other than perhaps extortion in public 
office), there is a particular defence of "claim of right", and in this 
case, you can even be mistaken about the law as long as you believed you 
had a legal right to what you are claiming. No doubt this defence could be 
argued.

It's not a good idea for blacklists to make demands for payment for the 
"service" of removal, but it's not unambiguously illegal.
--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 28 Mar 2003 07:53:09 EST."
             <E18ytM5-0002Nz-00@mail.nitros9.org> 
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 18:26:52 -0500

--==_Exmh_-337503136P
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

On Fri, 28 Mar 2003 07:53:09 EST, Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>  said:
>   Can I ask the chair to remove this person from the mailing list?
> 
> > From: tim@mailkey.com

While we're at it, can we pass the hat to hire a few people from <insert
ethnic extra-legal entrepreneur group here> to "explain" to the bozos
responsible the concept of only sending *one* notice to each recipient,
not one for each piece of mail??? ;)

/Valdis (who just got ANOTHER one. Gaak)

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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 00:46:02 +0100

Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com> writes:

> Actually, it might be interesting to draft an RFC that simply gathers together
> principles already established in other RFCs that might apply to anti-spam
> tools.     For example, it looks like this user has violated the rule that
> says that autoresponders should not respond to mailing list mail, except
> for well-formatted bounces, which may cause the user to be removed from the
> list.

See draft-moore-auto-email-response-00.txt.  I don't know what has
become of it.
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 16:09:39 -0800


> It is probably sufficient for present purposes to point out that the 
> situation is not nearly as simple as you suggest. 

OK you go ahead and try it and if you are right you don't
go to jail.

I think the point is made closely enough to justify calling
this type of behavior 'extortion'. Particularly if you
want to use the 'didn't know' defense:-

> In offences related to 
> larceny (which includes extortion other than perhaps 
> extortion in public 
> office), there is a particular defence of "claim of right", 
> and in this 
> case, you can even be mistaken about the law as long as you 
> believed you 
> had a legal right to what you are claiming. No doubt this 
> defence could be 
> argued.

In the UK the favorite dictum the courts like to repeat is
that 'ignorance of the law is no excuse'. I think you are
incorrect here as to the claim of right applicability,
that would be if you thought you owned the good in question.

It is unlikely this defense would be available if a letter
was sent stating that 1) the listing is disagreed with on
[specified] grounds and 2) any demands for payment for 
de-listing will be considered to be extortion demands.

OK so you could claim you didn't believe the notice but
the twinkie defense is about as likely to work.

	Phill
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Blacklist blackmail
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 11:27:50 +1100

At 16:09 28/03/03 -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>In the UK the favorite dictum the courts like to repeat is
>that 'ignorance of the law is no excuse'. I think you are
>incorrect here as to the claim of right applicability,
>that would be if you thought you owned the good in question.

The "claim of right" defence to larceny and related crimes is an exception 
to the "ignorantia juris quod quisque scire tenetur non excusat" maxim.

>It is unlikely this defense would be available if a letter
>was sent stating that 1) the listing is disagreed with on
>[specified] grounds and 2) any demands for payment for
>de-listing will be considered to be extortion demands.

The person sending the letter can consider it whatever they like - it 
doesn't change how a court will view it. The only relevant mental state is 
that of the defendant.

As I previously indicated, the behaviour impugned is not clearly criminal. 
That is not the same as saying it's clearly legal, or even as saying that 
it's clearly not criminal. To reach such a conclusion would require 
spending more time than I currently have at my disposal.
--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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Subject: Re: Fwd: - RE: [ASRG] PROPOSAL FOR OPT-OUT
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 00:37:27 +0000 (GMT)

On Fri, 28 Mar 2003, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:

> speaking of whitelists, someone doesn't have his set up properly for 
> this list (grin)
> 
> of course, he probably won't get this one, either.

An entirely capitals subject line probably didn't help either...

(MailStripper picked up on that one, and swung the bias towards it being 
spam - though that is by no means its only consideration.)

> Begin forwarded message:
> 
> > From: tim@mailkey.com
> > Date: Fri Mar 28, 2003  9:49:27  AM US/Pacific
> > To: chuqui@plaidworks.com
> > Subject: RE:- RE: [ASRG] PROPOSAL FOR OPT-OUT
> >
> > The email you sent to me with the subject line as above has been 
> > rejected due to the fact that my email account is protected from SPAM 
> > by MailKey.   You are not (yet) on my 'A-list' of approved senders, 
> > and the mail did not contain a valid MailKey.
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

-- Michael "Soruk" McConnell
Eridani Linux  --  http://www.eridani.co.uk  --  Linux Distros on CD-ROM
MailStripper -- http://www.eridani.co.uk/MailStripper -- strips out spam
              ** A tachyon: A gluon that isn't dry yet. **

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From: "Tim Kehres" <kehres@ima.com>
To: "Vernon Schryver" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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Vernon,

I'm not sure what your point is here.   If you are trying to characterize me
as a pro-spam activist, you have missed the mark by about 180 degrees.

In my previous postings, and which I still contend, the way we use email has
changed considerably over the years.   What was perfectly acceptable 20, or
hey, even 5 years ago is at best a grey area these days in many cases.   The
definition of what is acceptable, and to whom is a moving target.   This is
my point.  There was even a message to this list in this thread today
suggesting that list traffic a user deliberately signed up for could be
considered spam or ube.   Is this a valid definition for this?   I suspect
not, but who knows?   One thing for sure is that several years back, there
is no way that most would categorize it this way.

Another point that I'm trying to drive home is that legislation, while it
has its place, is not apt to help in this fight, for practical reasons.
Again, please don't try to twist this into something it is not - I'm only
trying to outline how simple legislation is to circumvent, hence the need
for solutions that do not rely solely on it.

In a separate message by Brad Templeton today, it was stated that
identification of exactly what we are trying to solve here is necessary in
order to get going properly.   For me at least, this was one of the most
positive statements I've seen.   With it, I hope we can also define in
concrete terms what at least we feel  spam/ube is defined to be, so that we
can minimize the effects of designing to a moving target.

Can we move on from here?   If not, and we need to has this out offline,
just let me know - I'd hate to see misperceptions get in the way of moving
forward.

Regards,

-- Tim


----- Original Message -----
From: "Vernon Schryver" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Friday, March 28, 2003 11:18 PM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history


> > From: "Tim Kehres" <kehres@ima.com>
>
> > I'm farily new to this list (but not the issues and problems),...
>
> See http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/objections/kehres.html
>
>
> Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
>

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Multiple overlapping solutions 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 28 Mar 2003 20:37:43 +0100."
             <20030328203743.J24104@Space.Net> 
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 15:28:15 -0500

Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@space.net> wrote:
> The more different solutions you will need to work together "to make it
> work" the lower are the chances any of these will be adopted, because
> the migration pathes will be too complicated or even not working at all.

  I understand.  But we keep looking for magic solutions, we'll never
get anywhere.

  Any solution, or set thereof, which can be demonstrated to work and
to be less costly than current solutions will quickly gain wide-spread
adoption.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Multiple overlapping solutions
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> On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 07:00:09AM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
> >   None of these solutions are proposed in isolation.  Can we please
> > STOP assuming that any solution will be the ONLY one implemented, and
> > attacking it based it's imperfections when used in isolation?
>
> The more different solutions you will need to work together "to make it
> work" the lower are the chances any of these will be adopted, because
> the migration pathes will be too complicated or even not working at all.
>
> \Maex

I don't think this is necessarily the case.  In fact, I don't personally
believe that there is a single one solution that we can apply that will
solve the entire problem.   For instance, there are things you can do at
SMTP connection time (reverse DNS validation, sender/recipient checks, and
others that have been mentioned here).   These types of checks simply are
not practical after receipt.   On the other hand, detailed header analysis,
content analysis and filtering and such for most systems is not practical to
perform during the SMTP session for performance reasons.

I believe we have a farily complex problem here to solve.   As with most
such systems, breaking it down into smaller, more managible components, can
often lead to a quicker and better solutions.  And there is nothing to say
that further down the road many of these smaller solutions can't be combined
once the problems and their resolution are better understood.

Best Regards,

-- Tim

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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> Another point that I'm trying to drive home is that 
> legislation, while it
> has its place, is not apt to help in this fight, for 
> practical reasons.
> Again, please don't try to twist this into something it is 
> not - I'm only
> trying to outline how simple legislation is to circumvent, 
> hence the need
> for solutions that do not rely solely on it.

We know. However we would prefer the legislation that
gets passed to be as useful as it can be and do as little
damage as possible. The DMA is lobbying for pro-SPAM
legislation under the guise of rationalizing state
spam laws. I particular proposals that would force
ISPs to accept any mail sent to them.

I doubt any good spam legislation will be passed during
a war but that is not going to stop someone trying to
do the DMA a favor with a rider in committee.

There have already been succefful civil actions against
spam senders. A substantial amount of spam is sent by
outright criminals and anti-spam laws provide a useful
tool for investigators.

	Phill
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 18:07:10 -0800

More clueless bounces going on, tried to tell Troy that the only
latin phrase understood in the US these days is 'oderint dum metuant'
and I got bounced (see bellow)

So why is this clueless, well troy just SENT me a message direct
to me so why is the system now bouncing mails sent in response?

OK I understand the architectural issue here and that the end-to-end
ideology might mandate this type of behavior but the system is not
working the way it should.

BTW I don't mind if the IETF gives me a definitive statement 'we
don't fix that type of stuff', just don't then go and complain when
I find somewhere that does fix that sort of stuff and start 
modifying protocols in ways the IETF does not like. 


The original message was received at Fri, 28 Mar 2003 16:33:07 -0800 (PST)
from verisign.com [65.205.251.57] (may be forged)

   ----- The following addresses had permanent fatal errors -----
<asrg@troy.rollo.name>
    (reason: 550 "We do not accept junk mail. Any attempt to bypass these
filters constitutes acceptance of a $5000 fee per message.")

   ----- Transcript of session follows -----
... while talking to troy.rollo.name.:
>>> DATA
<<< 550 "We do not accept junk mail. Any attempt to bypass these filters
constitutes acceptance of a $5000 fee per message."
550 5.1.1 <asrg@troy.rollo.name>... User unknown
<<< 503 valid RCPT command must precede DATA
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From: "Paul Tenny" <pwtenny@earthlink.net>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <000f01c2f0b8$6ba7c140$5880bbd0@kit> <00d401c2f404$f97312f0$0100000a@darwin> <p06000d11baa9897a914f@[192.168.1.104]>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] If You Don't Fix It, The Politicians Will
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Depends on how much is centralized. If you don't keep a
central repository for logins, you could keep one for "registered"
servers that follow guidelines, which would allow you to enforce
things with them that are best standard practices. I didn't go any
further than what I said because nobody seemed interested in
discussing it. I'm happy to however, there's an entire world
worth of possible options when working with a new system.

Centalizing things isn't necessarily bad, and that's not neccesiarly
exclusive. Filesharing networks found out that they can work
if they are decentralized, but they work *better* with at least some
coordination. I suspect the same goes for DNS, if you took away
the root servers it'd be almost useless.

----- Original Message -----
From: "Kee Hinckley" <nazgul@somewhere.com>
To: "Paul Tenny" <pwtenny@earthlink.net>
Cc: <Asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Friday, March 28, 2003 12:10 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] If You Don't Fix It, The Politicians Will


> At 9:02 PM -0500 3/26/03, Paul Tenny wrote:
> >I have actually already suggested such a system. The only differences
> >were it did not cost anything, and it was not run by a government.
> >
> >Reference:
>
>https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg01565.htm
l
>
> Actually you don't seem to mention who would run it.  However, what
> you proposed was taking something that is currently highly
> distributed and centralizing it.  I don't think that's going to fly.
> --
> Kee Hinckley
> http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
> http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society
>
> I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
> responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to
regulate
> everyone else's.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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From: "Tim Kehres" <kehres@ima.com>
To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>,
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Asrg digest, Vol 1 #133 - 14 msgs
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> We need to get beyond mechansisms that rely on listing
> dialup blocks etc. There is simply too much hassle involved
> getting blocks listed and unlisted etc. Blacklists are
> not a cheap solution, maintaining them properly is very
> expensive. What happens when someone is assigned an IP
> block that has previously been identified as dialup?
> how do they even know the listing exists? Similar problems
> are being seen with the listing of IP blocks that were
> previously 'unassigned' and hijacked by spamers, now
> people are being assigned new IP blocks and finding that
> they are blacklisted before they ever send a mail.

Our home DSL connection has been blacklistsed for a few years now, along
with other DSL networks the territory.   Personally, given the cheap cost of
such connections and the high penetration of such connections in the local
community, I think that this is most likely a good thing.  It was pretty
simple to for us  to determine this - when we originally configured our mail
servers we got mail back saying we were denied because of the IP address
which we originated from.  It is a common problem here unfortunately.

We have gotten around this problem here and on other networks in other
countries by employing a combination of BSMTP for inbound and authenticated
SMTP for outbound mail to our head office, effectively tunneling through the
ISP.  But that can be problematic as some ISP's are now also blocking
OUTBOUND smtp from their dialup/DSL pools.   I suspect that these numbers
will rise as more get clued into trying to combat the spam problems
originating from their networks.   To add insult to injury, at least in this
part of the world (Asia), getting connected with an ISP that provides
reliable IP *AND* provides a reliable mail relay can be a daunting task.

What you bring up is a significant problem that needs to be addressed.   I'm
not convinced that this is the right place for it however.   On the other
hand, it would not be the first time I  was wrong...   :-)

> postmaster@IPaddress is never guaranteed to work. We move
> machines arround all the time. This email could go out
> via any one of a number of email servers that are hosted
> in completely different IP address blocks.

Exactly!

Best Regards,

-- Tim

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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> We know. However we would prefer the legislation that
> gets passed to be as useful as it can be and do as little
> damage as possible. The DMA is lobbying for pro-SPAM
> legislation under the guise of rationalizing state
> spam laws. I particular proposals that would force
> ISPs to accept any mail sent to them.

I see your point - I was thinking primarily about legislation aimed at the
spammers, who most likely would be out of the jurisdiction of the laws,
rather than the ISP and carriers that are inside.   This indeed would be a
very bad thing.

> I doubt any good spam legislation will be passed during
> a war but that is not going to stop someone trying to
> do the DMA a favor with a rider in committee.

I'd be more worried about the later - what better time than now to get
something pushed through unnoticed?

Best Regards,

-- Tim

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces
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At 18:07 28/03/03 -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>More clueless bounces going on, tried to tell Troy that the only
>latin phrase understood in the US these days is 'oderint dum metuant'
>and I got bounced (see bellow)

It's not a "clueless bounce". It's a black listing. It's there because 
Verisign (your employer), is a spammer. Perhaps you are the clueless one 
for not realising this.

--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Brad Templeton'" <brad@templetons.com>
Cc: "'John R Levine'" <johnl@iecc.com>,
        "william@elan.net"
	 <william@elan.net>,
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Opt-Out Notes: too complicated, ignoring history
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I am glad that Russell is working on a list of goals, but what about 
requirements for a solution or a set of solutions that best leverage existing 
technologies?  I look forward to seeing the list, and agree that it is a very 
worthwhile (I think you're understating Brad), however a do good list of goals 
will be IMHO a little shy of a clear baseline list of requirements, no?  Also, 
I do not think a solution should ever be limited by any countries legal 
requirements, and that should in fact be considered during defining the broader 
set of goals (that is where the goals are best stated).

However, I think a proposal for a solution MUST meet some baseline to even be 
considered and those requirements should be set out to clear the table of the 
chaff (those in the possible solution set v. those in the whole universe of 
solutions).

my $.02

-e

On Friday, March 28, 2003 1:52 PM, Brad Templeton [SMTP:brad@templetons.com] 
wrote:
>
> Russell Brand is working on building a list of all the proposed goals that
> have been discussed here.  Nobody will agree with the complete set but
> there should be a core that can be found in it.  This is a worthwhile
> project, in that I don't think you can take a real stab at solving
> a problem until you have a clear common view of what the problem is and
> what would constitute a solutions and what constraints (technical and
> philosophical and legal) there are on those solutions.
>
> However, it is fine in this group to bring forward possible solutions, debate
> and refine them, and see if they can be made to fit our goals.  That
> include things like opt-out systems, policy-declaration banners and so on.
>
> However, it may be the case that in the final light, some of these may be
> judged wanting for not adequately meeting some of the goals that have been
> expressed, such as facilitating end-user choice, and not depending on
> limited jurisdictional laws.  (This is not a USA-only organization, nor a USA
> only problem, after all.)

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Subject: Requirements - was - RE: [Asrg] Proposal for Opt-Out
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William,

I guess I did volunteer, so be it ;-).  I would appreciate the forwards, 
thanks. More below...

On Friday, March 28, 2003 10:34 AM, william@elan.net [SMTP:william@elan.net] 
wrote:
> > This message I think presents a fundamental problem that I have not seen
> > addressed (or at least referred to to-date) in the discussion, perhaps a
> We have this on our "Work Items" list and nobody before did it.
> I think you just volunteered - congrats and thank you!
>
> > reading of the archives is in order or a document archive contains such.
> There were couple emails early on that I remember that contained
> some kind of list of requirements. I'll try to find it out and send to you
> and the list to help it out.
>

Again TIA.

> > Requirement 1)  The proposal MUST address the issue of RFC821 [or envelope
> > protocol] originating MTA/MUA authenticity.
> There is actually some difference between authenticity between MTAs and
> authenticiy of origin (i.e. so that email headers are not forged). That
> is why I put it as #1 & #2. I have to think a little bet to see if I can
> find how to fraze requirement for my #2 below.

That is why I included MUA, but I don't think message headers can be completely 
authenticated without signifigant changes to the infrastructure or an 
additional protocol implementation.  If however, we can stipulate on 
'authentication' of the originating MTA then we do come close on addressing 
later issues as in two below, e.g. origination of domains NOT valid for the 
originating MTAs IP or domain. For isntance we must recognize that the envelope 
MAIL FROM has nothing to do with the 822-header From: line, that is a simple 
fact.  Not to mention the RCPT TO, I will work on it as a requirement statement 
and post a proposition.

> > > 2. We provide means for mail servers to authenticate in such a way that
> > > spammer can not easily change just their domain or their ip and begin
> > > sending email again (they'd soon be detected and their mail server
> > > blacklisted).
> >
> > See Requirement 1).
> >
> > > 3. Law outlaws sending unsolicited commercial email
> >
> > Requirement 2) The proposal SHOULD be amenable to legislation, in place or
> > pending as close as possible.
> Good. I don't like wording "pending as close as possible". Just "amenable
> to legislation" is enough.

I will work up some different wording or just drop the pending/in place.

> > Requirement 3) The proposal MUST provide a flexibility for integration with
> >
> > other ANTI-SPAM (UBE/UCE) approaches [it shouldn't break anything].
> Ok with above

Ok.

> But there should be SEPARATE requirement that
> "Proposal SHOULD NOT break existing email communication infrastructure"


Done.

> > Requirement 4) The proposal SHOULD provide implementation specifics that
> > address the issues of privacy, security and which reflect end use choices,
> > of
> > either providers or users.
> Make it "providers and end-users"

Ok.  How about MUST instead of SHOULD?

> > Requirement 5) The proposal SHOULD/MAY [not sure how strong this would be 
as
> > a
> > requirement] include a mechanism for implementation in messaging relay
> > systems
> > (MX hosts), end use 'post offices' (MTAs), and end node mail recipient
> > systems
> > (MUAs).  Proposals that include only one of these messaging system
> > components
> > MUST include mechanisms for interaction with the other components.
> I'm ok with the above, I did not quite understand why it needed.

I think it is needed for the following reasons:

	1) We do not want to limit the proposals to a total solution for the problem, 
so I can change it to an 'either this, that, those or all' requirement 
statement.
	2) If a proposal is a good one but only for a 'single component' of the 
messaging system (MS) then it should provide for interfaces to other 
interoperable (at least on paper and from the same requirement framework) 
solutions.
	3) A solution may be for core components (MTAs/MXs) AND also provide a 
solution set for the final end-user component, BUT not give implementation 
specifics.  This is what is needed I think as a statement to cover those 
contigencies.

> > Requirement 6) The proposal MAY include a method for extension to or
> > integration with other protocols, e.g. HTTP, that may be used to relay
> > messages.
> Because it says "MAY" this can not be part of the REQUIREMENTS. And I do
> not see why fraze like that is needed.

I agree.  I will make a wish list to attach as an appendix or additional 
section to the requirements proper.

> ----
> William Leibzon
> Elan Communications Inc.
> william@elan.net

Regards,

-e
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Mar 28 23:12:05 2003
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To: "'David F. Skoll'" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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AMEN,

It does not appear to address the fundamentals and is easily circumvented using 
easily implemented methods (not the least of which is exploiting relays and/or 
causing DoS to 'get revenge' on some poor unsuspecting user group.  It is well 
thought through however and to me represents an attempt at addressing of a 
requirement.  IMHO, a requirement that addresses (My requirement #1 in a later 
thread on this list):

The proposal MUST address the issue of RFC821 [or envelope protocol] 
originating MTA/MUA authenticity.

However, after reviewing the draft I would make the following points:

+ Some of the elements appear to mix RFC822 header functionality with RC821 
envelope functionality, is this intended or just begging for yet another 
revision to 821?
+ The semantics seemed confusing to me.


my $.02

-e


On Friday, March 28, 2003 10:40 AM, David F. Skoll 
[SMTP:dfs@roaringpenguin.com] wrote:
> > From: william@elan.net
> > Subject: [Asrg] Notes on Callback SMTP Transmission
>
> > As promised I'm sending you notes on callback tranmission. This notes
> > are similar format as verification notes I sent before and in fact I had
> > them done together.
>
> Callback transmission is an interesting idea, but consider:
>
> 1 - NastySpammer sends millions of connections from thousands of 0wned hosts,
> and suddenly poor victim gets a DDoS from all the callbacks from hosts
> attempting to receive the purported mail.
>
> 2 - How does this fix open SMTP relays?  An open SMTP relay will presumably
> set itself as the host to call back.  In fact, how does this interoperate
> with SMTP relaying?
>
> --
> David.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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I agree there is tension but that should not mitigate the requirement or cause 
us to try to much compromise unless it can not be solved (which I think it 
can).

-e

On Friday, March 28, 2003 12:31 PM, John R Levine [SMTP:johnl@iecc.com] wrote:
> > Requirement 2) The proposal SHOULD be amenable to legislation, in place or
> > pending as close as possible.
> >
> > Requirement 4) The proposal SHOULD provide implementation specifics that
> > address the issues of privacy, security and which reflect end use choices,
> > of
> > either providers or users.
> >
> > Is there some concurrence on this?
>
> Sure, so long as you realize there's some tension between the two.
>
> Regards,
> John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for
> Dummies",
> Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer
> Commissioner
> "I dropped the toothpaste", said Tom, crestfallenly.
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On Friday, March 28, 2003, at 08:09  PM, Troy Rollo wrote:

> It's not a "clueless bounce". It's a black listing. It's there because 
> Verisign (your employer), is a spammer. Perhaps you are the clueless 
> one for not realising this.
>

Imminent death of this list predicted. I'm selling tickets. Anyone want 
popcorn?


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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Troy Rollo'" <asrg@troy.rollo.name>,
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It is completely clueless of you to send email to people who
you have on your bounce list. You have sent me three emails 
today directly to me, but you don't want to look at any replies?

I would think that most people would recognise that there
is a problem when this sort of thing happens...

And as has been frequently pointed out, blacklisting does not
indicate anything. SPEWS originally listed us because we chose
an ISP they decided to dislike, or at least so what little 
notification they provided indicated. Heck, after pointing
out how SPEWS carries on we are probably on that list for 
however long SPEWS survives.

		Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Troy Rollo [mailto:asrg@troy.rollo.name]
> Sent: Friday, March 28, 2003 11:09 PM
> To: Hallam-Baker, Phillip; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces
> 
> 
> At 18:07 28/03/03 -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> >More clueless bounces going on, tried to tell Troy that the only
> >latin phrase understood in the US these days is 'oderint dum metuant'
> >and I got bounced (see bellow)
> 
> It's not a "clueless bounce". It's a black listing. It's 
> there because 
> Verisign (your employer), is a spammer. Perhaps you are the 
> clueless one 
> for not realising this.
> 
> --
> Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
> asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE
> 
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To: Steven F Siirila <sfs@tc.umn.edu>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Asrg digest, Vol 1 #133 - 14 msgs
Cc: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>,
        "'Steven F Siirila'" <sfs@tc.umn.edu>,
        Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@space.net>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 00:00:36 -0500

At 2:56 PM -0600 3/28/03, Steven F Siirila wrote:
>Our rejection messages include a 550 with an embedded URL containing
>encrypted information where the user can go to find out why they were
>blocked and how they can request an override from our user.  I guess

I have a bounce message that has several sentences in plain English 
telling the sender to stop sending email to the address in question. 
Yet it gets ignored by people.  When I ask why (assuming that I can 
get the person to reply), the common response is:

"I didn't recognize the sender (mailer-daemon), and I know I'm not 
supposed to open mail from people I don't know, so I deleted it."

And you expect them to click on an encrypted URL?

I think it works for you because you are a university.  You're 
dealing with a user-base that tends to be more technical and less 
mission-critical.  You aren't going to lose customers because of a 
block.

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Blacklist blackmail (NOT)
Cc: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 23:39:14 -0500

Umm.  I know I started this thread.  But I don't really think it's 
productive for it to continue.

I was simply trying to point out that BLs are not always part of the 
solution, they can be part of the problem, especially wrt false 
positives.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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To: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Unhelpful "helpful" solutions
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 23:32:28 -0500

At 6:26 PM -0500 3/28/03, Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu wrote:
>While we're at it, can we pass the hat to hire a few people from <insert
>ethnic extra-legal entrepreneur group here> to "explain" to the bozos
>responsible the concept of only sending *one* notice to each recipient,
>not one for each piece of mail??? ;)
>
>/Valdis (who just got ANOTHER one. Gaak)

Yeah, well be thankful you don't post to this group as much as I do.

I was actually pissed enough that I've gone to the trouble of getting 
a mailkey so that I can flame their support email address.  (Which, 
by the way, they do not mail a mailto link on their site, although 
they do other addresses, and which they specifically say will take a 
long time to get a reply to... because of demand.)

Here was the process.

Go to web site.
Click on Contact Page.
Click on button indicating that you want to talk to them.
Enter the email address to which you wish to talk, and the email 
address from which you will send (twice).
On the next page you will see a graphic.  Type in the result.
On the next page  you will be given a number.
Send email to support@mailkey.com, with that number somewhere in the subject.

In return for all of this work, I get the privilege of reporting 
several bugs to them.  But the truth of the matter is that there is 
no way I was going to go to all of that trouble just to report that 
their software is buggy.  (BTW, if you have them send one of your 
messages to you, the resultant email message has an introduction with 
typos.)  The real reason I put up with the garbage was for the 
pleasure of telling them that they have done an excellent job of 
demonstrating to this group how *not* to write anti-spam software.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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To: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Opt-In  (Was Re: [Asrg] Proposal for Opt-Out)
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 23:53:42 -0500

At 9:54 PM +0000 3/28/03, Jon Kyme wrote:
>  > means of consent.  There are other, much simpler, ways to define
>>  consent.
>
>
>I'm not sure that "simpler" is the right word. Some of the possible
>applications of consent expression that have been mentioned in the group
>include opt-out, configuration of up-stream filters and (I'd add) opt-in.
>
>It's a key problem - I believe an explicit consent expression mechanism
>would be a significant *enabling* technology.

The most popular consent mechanism right now is straight opt-in. 
That requires no additional technology, but has serious problems with 
proof (anyone can type a random email address on a web site, and 
anyone often does).

The most popular system mentioned in anti-spam circles is probably 
confirmed opt-in.  That also doesn't require any special technology, 
but I think could be greatly improved by specifying a set of 
conventions.

So let's try.  Here's a first quick pass.

User == person who has (in theory) requested email
Provider == person who will be sending mail

1. User provides email address via some mechanism (phone, web, email...)

2. Provider stores that email address along with documentation of the 
mechanism.  (E.g. date, address and mechanism).

3. Provider sends a brief message to the user stating the following 
(and only the following):
	- what they believe the user has consented too
	- documentation of the initial contact mechanism
	- an optional web address for confirming
	- a contact address (web/email and optionally phone) for complaints
The message is sent From:/Reply-To: a confirmation address.  The 
envelope From is set to a bounce handler.

4. If User does not not confirm by either replying (From/Reply-To) or 
clicking on the confirmation url within 30 days, the Provider does 
one of two things:
a. If this is the only contact from User, they *delete* the email 
address from their database.  (Not mark it as do-not send--but Delete 
it).  (Counter point--maybe they should track it to avoid abuse, in 
which case they'd need to store it (or a hash)).
b. If this is a request from an existing User, they mark that user as 
not wanting any further messages from this list.

5. If the user confirms that they do want the information, they store 
the confirmation.

Possible addition (which requires more software).  This relates to a 
proposal at the Spam Conference (by Praed I believe) that bulk mail 
should always provide a bonded contact where one can obtain proof of 
subscription.  (This is akin to erotica having to have archives 
proofing all models were of legal age.)

I wouldn't call this proposal something that requires "significant" 
technology.  Most of the pieces are already there.  Some list 
software already has the option of storing all confirmations.  What 
it primarily defines is a process.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 00:08:25 -0500

On Thu, Mar 27, 2003 at 09:07:13AM +0000, Jon Kyme wrote

[ ...Vernon said... ]
> >It's a bad idea because saying "ok, you're ok but no thanks" will get
> >you more spam.  Any expression sent to almost any mass mailer, no
> >matter how legitimate, is likely to be "checked," as in "6 months
> >(weeks, days, or hours) ago you said you didn't want to hear everything
> >from us.  surely you've changed your mind?"

[ ...Jon said... ]
> Yes maybe - so they consult your consent again. 
> Is there some problem with this?

  Yes.  It doesn't scale.  Imagine several million businesses on this
planet "just checking" with you every six months.  I don't really see
any difference between my inbox overflowing with a thousand spams per
day or a thousand "requests-for-you-to-please-opt-in,-pretty-please".

  To summarize... I'd love to see a truly working "Global opt-out list"
where I could say "No" once, and be done with bulk solicitions until
such time as I log in and change my prefs.  What I do *NOT* want is a
system where I have to say "No, no, a thousand times no" every day.
Even a system that generates 1000 requests per day that you can ignore
is still mailbombing.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
An infinite number of monkeys pounding away on keyboards will
eventually produce a report showing that Windows is more secure,
and has a lower TCO, than linux.
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To: Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces
Cc: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 00:13:57 -0500

At 3:09 PM +1100 3/29/03, Troy Rollo wrote:
>At 18:07 28/03/03 -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>>More clueless bounces going on, tried to tell Troy that the only
>>latin phrase understood in the US these days is 'oderint dum metuant'
>>and I got bounced (see bellow)
>
>It's not a "clueless bounce". It's a black listing. It's there 
>because Verisign (your employer), is a spammer. Perhaps you are the 
>clueless one for not realising this.

You know.  It's responses like this that really make me understand 
why most of the ISPs I talk to hate the anti-spam organizations more 
than the spammers.

Let's try two basic principals and work from there.

1. It is extremely rude to bounce email from people on this list. 
*Especially* people whom you have sent email to.  If you have filters 
that might block email from people on this list, then whitelist the 
list.  If you can't do that, then use a different address.  (Can we 
put something like this on the list's web page?)

2. If you can't say something nice.  Don't say anything at all.

Sheesh.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: 28 Mar 2003 23:26:55 -0600

In <4745695B-619E-11D7-8191-0003934516A8@plaidworks.com> Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com> writes:

> 
> Imminent death of this list predicted. I'm selling tickets. Anyone
> want popcorn?

*munch* *munch*

The IP address that Phillip was using (verisign.com [65.205.251.57])
is listed in block.blars.org as 127.1.0.33.  I guess Phillip now has a
chance to test his legal theories.


-wayne

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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 22:29:00 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>

> ...
>   The 'legitimaate' emails would appear to satisfy the following
> criteria:
>
>  a) send a lot of email
>  b) are willing to publicly state who they are, and why
>     they're sending the email
>  c) are willing to remove people from their lists
>  d) try to have only 'opt-in' lists
> ...

Would most Internet push advertising professionals consider Topica
legitimate?  I suspect so, in part because Topica uses the Habeas mark
for some of their bulk mail.

As far as I can tell Topica does not really satisfy (c)--at least not
permanently. They certainly do not satisfy (d) for that part of their
bulk mail that does not carry the Habeas mark.  (I think I've fairly
recent Topica spam in my logs that does not carry the Habeas mark.)

>   The amount of mail from bulk emailers who *don't* satisfy all of
> those criteria is probably a thousand, to a million times worse than
> the amount of mail from bulk emailers who do satisfy those criteria.
>
>   Spam solutions should affect 'legitimate' bulk emailers as little as
> possible.  But if we can agree on that, the "problem" of email from
> bulk emailers is so small that it's irrelevant to the discussion about
> spam.

Yes, but as far as I can tell, there are no major bulk mailers that
satisfy all four of your criteria.  Dell Computers is a poster child
for this fact of life.  Years after some owners of accounts @rhyolite.com
dealt with Dell, opted-out of mail about special offers, and eventually
cancelled their @rhyolite.com accounts, Dell started sending those
accounts monthly "newsletters" about wonderfully cheap offers.

Another example is Qwest.  Every few weeks an account I created
especially and gave Qwest repair a couple years ago is sent spam by
"Qwest partners" flogging business data services.  This drivel started
about 18 months after the need for that account.

I bet that each of the Fortune 5000 is guilty of this sort of thing.

I'm not pointing this out to criticize the Qwest, Dell or any other
marketing or sales professionals including even Topica, but only to
establish a fact of life and human nature that contradicts assumptions
or claims common in some areas.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 00:34:42 -0500

On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 05:36:34AM -0800, James Lick wrote

> On the other hand, I could use such a facility to automatically say
> "no" to any address verification for pleasure.com, a domain of mine
> which is frequently forged and which I never use on outgoing email.
> Bingo, no more spam forged from that domain name.  If yahoo, hotmail
> and AOL deploy it, you can no longer just randomly generate forged
> mail from that.

  To which, my response was going to be...

> More serious aspects of such a system are that it may drive spammers
> to forge spam from real addresses instead of fake, and that they
> may use such facilities to do address verification or dictionary
> attack harvesting.

..bingo.

> I would also like to say that I am disappointed in a lot of the
> criticisms of spam blocking/prevention techniques.  A lot of people
> are rejecting systems outright for having one or more flaws, when
> the system can still be effective despite those flaws.  Rather,
> one should evaluate a system not on whether it can be circumvented,
> but instead focus on the benefits of making things more difficult
> for the spammers.  Even if it is just a minor hassle to get around,
> it is still causing pain for the spammers.

  Spammers *WILL* adapt.  Spammers may have started off as primitive
pond scum, but today they're highly evolved pond scum.  If a system can
be trivially circumvented, it *WILL* be circumvented.  Here's where I
disagree with you.  You are evaluating a sample of spam in your inbox,
and asking "How much will be blocked if I implement rule X?".  I feel
that you should also ask "How easy is it to circumvent without the
consequence of reduced delivery of spam?".  The blocking of anonymizing
relays can be "circumvented" by not using them, but other avenues of
delivery aren't as "good" from the spammer's viewpoint.  Forging an
existing address instead of a non-existing address is relatively easy.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
An infinite number of monkeys pounding away on keyboards will
eventually produce a report showing that Windows is more secure,
and has a lower TCO, than linux.
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From: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 21:32:42 -0800
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Folks,

This groups needs to settle on a single, precise, operational definition
of "spam".  A definition that permits objective, reliable tests for
qualification.

We might or might not be able to get software to make that assessment,
but it at least needs to satisfy what the courts call objective.

Unless and until we start treating this topic as a technical activity,
we are certain to make no progress, and to consume quite a bit of
bandwidth while doing it.
d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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Vernon,

>> I'm farily new to this list (but not the issues and problems),...
VS> See...

Vernon -- do you have a response that pertains to the actual content of
Tim's posting?

No doubt there is a scenario that Tim could initiate that would make it
important to know what you think of his past behavior, but I don't see
how it relates to the content of his current posting.

If we are going to run a discussion where each participant gets to say
why we should discount each other poster, because of their deficient
character, past sins, or bad style of dress, we are not going to operate
very productively.

d/

ps. I am sending this as a matter of general principle, but it also
happens that I thought the content of Tim's note was pragmatic and useful.

--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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The list of requirements reminds me just how difficult it is to write
requirements.  They need to talk in terms of high-level behavior of the
system, rather than providing requirements for implementation details.
Therefore they need to be general.  However if they are too general,
they have no meaning.

My following comments are not intended to claim or demonstrate that any
of your suggested requirements are wrong. (In fact, some of the
questions will seem remarkably basis; that's intentional.) I think your
list provides a fertile ground for trying to understand what the
requirements need to achieve, and on what basis:


EDW> Requirement 1)  The proposal MUST address the issue of RFC821 [or envelope
EDW> protocol] originating MTA/MUA authenticity.

You wish to have mechanisms for authentication.  Why at the MUA/MTA
level?  What problem is this solving?  Why at the envelope or transfer
protocol level, rather than some other, such as content signature?


EDW> Requirement 2) The proposal SHOULD be amenable to legislation, in place or
EDW> pending as close as possible.

As noted, legislation has a minor problem of scope.  US laws will not
affect a spammer from another country.  To the extent that anyone thinks
we can enforce the laws of one country on another, we need to assume
that none of this will happen anytime soon and possibly not in our
lifetime.  In any event, we again need to state what problem we see this
as solving and what limitations we expect to encounter.


EDW> Requirement 3) The proposal MUST provide a flexibility for integration with
EDW> other ANTI-SPAM (UBE/UCE) approaches [it shouldn't break anything].

I have no idea what to do with the requirement, at any practical level.
There are no standards for email spam suppression, so there is no formal
basis for knowing what we might break or must not break.


EDW> Requirement 4) The proposal SHOULD provide implementation specifics that
EDW> address the issues of privacy, security and which reflect end use choices, of
EDW> either providers or users.

Again, I have no idea what any of this means.  I can't even guess how to
apply it to specific work.


EDW> Requirement 5) The proposal SHOULD/MAY [not sure how strong this would be as a
EDW> requirement] include a mechanism for implementation in messaging relay systems
EDW> (MX hosts), end use 'post offices' (MTAs), and end node mail recipient systems
EDW> (MUAs).  Proposals that include only one of these messaging system components
EDW> MUST include mechanisms for interaction with the other components.

Please clarify what you mean by "a mechanism for implementation in...".
I am guessing you are looking for a system-wide perspective in any
specific proposal, but I might be misunderstanding.


EDW> Requirement 6) The proposal MAY include a method for extension to or
EDW> integration with other protocols, e.g. HTTP, that may be used to relay
EDW> messages.

Why is this a requirement?  What is the concern?


EDW> Requirement 7)  The proposal SHOULD describe a working definition of
EDW> Unsolicited, Solicited, Bulk and other terms used to describe messaging
EDW> commonly referred to as SPAM.

amen, except that I class precise definitions as a MUST.  right now,
spam is whatever you choose to define it as, or I choose, or...



d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 19:45:17 -0800 (PST)

Callback is not intended to be used by itself as a solution. As with most 
of my notes, they are intermediate step when I'm evaluating ideas, I look 
at good and bad in each one and look at more general idea, then I try to 
mix several ones keeping good and eliminating bad points. So what you saw 
in notes are more like bricks or building blocks that could be used in 
the actual proposal. The reason why I posted callback notes is because it 
has not been considered or discussed before and I did promise two weeks ago
to send you these notes (when I sent verification notes). My actual 
proposal is based on message tracking verification and its briefly 
described  in last two pages of the presentation I'v already posted 
multiple times, the proposal would verify both 822 header and 821 
envelope (actually as you'll see pretty in one other draft soon I'll try 
to minimize the distinction).

Now the answers for callback are below inline

> AMEN,
> 

> It does not appear to address the fundamentals 
Callback is by design design to provide MTA<->MTA verification which is 
envelope (not headers which is most users see).

> and is easily circumvented using 
> easily implemented methods (not the least of which is exploiting relays
Relays can exist but can not be exploited with callback, same for proxies.
These are some of the good points that are solved.

> and/or causing DoS to 'get revenge' on some poor unsuspecting user 
> group. 
Possibbility of DoS is a problem and has to be looked at seriously.

> It is well 
> thought through however and to me represents an attempt at addressing of a 
> requirement.  IMHO, a requirement that addresses (My requirement #1 in 
> a later thread on this list):
>
> 
> The proposal MUST address the issue of RFC821 [or envelope protocol] 
> originating MTA/MUA authenticity.
>
> However, after reviewing the draft I would make the following points:
> 
> + Some of the elements appear to mix RFC822 header functionality with RC821 
> envelope functionality, is this intended or just begging for yet another 
> revision to 821?
Because of the way callback works it can not address headers and only 
verifies envelope. The MAIL FROM is from ENVELOPE by design - not from 
headers. Its absolutly true that most users will see forged headers and
consider what is listed in "From:" header to be the sender and this issue 
must be addressed, just focusing on MAIL FROM is not a solution to spam 
(which is one of my objections to RMX, other being that it breaks mailing 
lists). 

> + The semantics seemed confusing to me.
> 
> 
> my $.02
> 
> -e
> 
> 
> On Friday, March 28, 2003 10:40 AM, David F. Skoll 
> [SMTP:dfs@roaringpenguin.com] wrote:
> > > From: william@elan.net
> > > Subject: [Asrg] Notes on Callback SMTP Transmission
> >
> > > As promised I'm sending you notes on callback tranmission. This notes
> > > are similar format as verification notes I sent before and in fact I had
> > > them done together.
> >
> > Callback transmission is an interesting idea, but consider:
> >
> > 1 - NastySpammer sends millions of connections from thousands of 0wned hosts,
> > and suddenly poor victim gets a DDoS from all the callbacks from hosts
> > attempting to receive the purported mail.
> >
> > 2 - How does this fix open SMTP relays?  An open SMTP relay will presumably
> > set itself as the host to call back.  In fact, how does this interoperate
> > with SMTP relaying?
> >
> > --
> > David.
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


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> From: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu

> > speaking of whitelists, someone doesn't have his set up properly for 
> > this list (grin)
> > 
> > of course, he probably won't get this one, either.
>
> Somebody needs to record the URL of the original msg to the list, so we can
> reference it the next time somebody things whitelists are the best thing
>since sliced bread and will cure AIDS, the common cold, cancer, and blackheads.
>
> :)

That might be a good point if this nonsense were the only thing that
is commonly and reasonably called a "whitelist."  It's not, but is
instead some kind of challenge-response probably supplemented with a
whitelist.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces
Cc: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 16:40:26 +1100

At 00:13 29/03/03 -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>At 3:09 PM +1100 3/29/03, Troy Rollo wrote:
>>At 18:07 28/03/03 -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>>>More clueless bounces going on..
>>
>>... Perhaps you are the clueless one for not realising this.
>
>You know.  It's responses like this that really make me understand why 
>most of the ISPs I talk to hate the anti-spam organizations more than the 
>spammers.

Actually, it was rather restrained given that the quoted provocation.

>1. It is extremely rude to bounce email from people on this list. 
>*Especially* people whom you have sent email to.  If you have filters that 
>might block email from people on this list, then whitelist the list.

The filter doesn't block email from the list. It blocks on other criteria 
that would not affect list traffic.

>2. If you can't say something nice.  Don't say anything at all.

All things considered, that *was* the nice version.
--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 16:48:52 +1100

At 20:51 28/03/03 -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>It is completely clueless of you to send email to people who
>you have on your bounce list. You have sent me three emails
>today directly to me, but you don't want to look at any replies?

Ah, I see. You define "clueless" as "things Phillip Hallam-Baker doesn't 
like". Call it rude, if you like, but calling it clueless is baseless 
idiocy (by the way, this is still polite compared to the response your 
original accusation deserved - want to try to ratchet it up again?). I know 
the consequences of my choice, and that's the way I want it to operate. And 
it doesn't affect anybody except people who are willing to work for spammers.

My domain, my rules. I don't want email from Versign, period. List traffic 
- on list traffic, is an exception, primarily because it isn't affected by 
the same rules, but also for other reasons.

>And as has been frequently pointed out, blacklisting does not
>indicate anything. SPEWS originally listed us because we chose
>an ISP they decided to dislike, or at least so what little
>notification they provided indicated.

This isn't a third party black list. This is *my* black list based on spam 
*I* have received from Verisign. Verisign will come off that list (as well 
as the no doubt tens of thousands of other private black lists its on) 
approximately when hell freezes over.
--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 23:37:20 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Tim Kehres" <kehres@ima.com>

> I'm not sure what your point is here.   If you are trying to characterize me
> as a pro-spam activist, you have missed the mark by about 180 degrees.

  - Your organization sent me unsolicited bulk email as captured in
    http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/objections/kehres-spam.txt

  - You claimed it was not spam with your words "We don't deal with
   unsolicited bulk advertising" and other words in
   http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/objections/kehres-obj1.txt

  - I showed it was bulk with substantially identical unsolicited
   copies others received and reported in
http://groups.google.com/groups?q=%22ima.%2Bcom%22+group%3A*net-abuse.sightings

In your initial message to this list you wrote about vigilanttes running
blacklists as if that were a problem that needs to be solved.  That cant
is too familiar in certain contexts.


> In my previous postings, and which I still contend, the way we use email has
> changed considerably over the years.   What was perfectly acceptable 20, or
> hey, even 5 years ago is at best a grey area these days in many cases.

Your organization's unsolicited bulk email advertising would have been
unacceptable 20 years ago on either Usenet or the NSFNET.  It was also
unacceptable 5 years ago on the Internet and 2 years ago when it was sent.

>                                                                       The
> definition of what is acceptable, and to whom is a moving target.   This is
> my point.

That point is wrong.

>            There was even a message to this list in this thread today
> suggesting that list traffic a user deliberately signed up for could be
> considered spam or ube.

I don't recall seeing that statement.  If it was made, it was wrong.

> ...
> In a separate message by Brad Templeton today, it was stated that
> identification of exactly what we are trying to solve here is necessary in
> order to get going properly.   For me at least, this was one of the most
> positive statements I've seen.   With it, I hope we can also define in
> concrete terms what at least we feel  spam/ube is defined to be, so that we
> can minimize the effects of designing to a moving target.

I agree that it would be good to get some defintions, or some good
words.  The word "spam" is a lost cause and permanently ill-defined
because advertisers insist it is "that which we don't do" while others
say it is "any mail I don't (or even no longer) want."

"UBE" is well enough defined.


> Can we move on from here?   If not, and we need to has this out offline,
> just let me know - I'd hate to see misperceptions get in the way of moving
> forward.

You and I cannot continue offline, because I cannot see any likelihood
that ima.com will be removed from
http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/spammers-i.html or more accurately,
from the sendmail access_DB those pages represent.  That access_DB
makes it impossible for me to receive private mail from you or other
mail from ima.com.

However, if you will stop saying things like "UBE is not defined" and
related things common in certain circles, then I will pretend ima.com
has not sent me unsolicited bulk email advertising.  As I've written
elsewhere, all big outfits send some spam.  Occassional spam puts an
outfit beyond the pale only when the outfit claims its unsolicited bulk
advertising is not spam, because that suggests it won't try to stop.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 22:50:41 -0800

On Sat, 29 Mar 2003 00:08:25 -0500 
waltdnes  <waltdnes@waltdnes.org> wrote:

> To summarize... I'd love to see a truly working "Global opt-out list"
> where I could say "No" once, and be done with bulk solicitions until
> such time as I log in and change my prefs.  What I do *NOT* want is a
> system where I have to say "No, no, a thousand times no" every day.
> Even a system that generates 1000 requests per day that you can ignore
> is still mailbombing.

I'm uncomfortable with global-queryable state for me in almost any
regard.  Too reminiscent of a slippery slope.  I'd much rather see
something at the MX level which can be queried, with the MX config
optionally storing state or forwarding the query on to the MUA/LDA 
(ie an asynchronous query).

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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Subject: Re: Opt-In  (Was Re: [Asrg] Proposal for Opt-Out)
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 00:01:10 -0700 (MST)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> ...
> 4. If User does not not confirm by either replying (From/Reply-To) or 
> clicking on the confirmation url....

Clicking on confirmation URLs turns out to be a bad idea.  Anything
that reveals the contents of the message can cause confirmation by bad
third parties, or plausibly deniable opt-out pretending to be opt-in.

For example, there is a robot that "clicks" on all URLs seen in
news.admin.net-abuse.sightings with a very few minutes after your NNTP
server transmits.  (If you run an HTTP server, you can check this with
the obvious test.  Except for the IP address, I don't know who or
why.)  A few days ago I received an unsolicited, probably bulk
"confirmation" to some "auction" mailing lists.  I censored at least
some of the confirmation URLs and reported it to NANAS to make a record
in case it was bulk.  A day later I received a "welcome" notice from
the lists and stuff started flowing.  Did I miss one of the URLs in
a perfectly innocent confirmation or was the "confirming" just a
pretense?  You tell me, because I don't know.

If you run a mailing list, there is no substitute for a message in
your logs with trustworthy Received headers pointing to the subscribing
address so that you can defend yourself from idiots crying "SPAM!" to
unsubscribe.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 02:06:45 -0500

On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 12:01:44PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote

> > Have you ever asked them what they think about DUL?
> > What will they think about validating services or RMX? From my
> > experience 80% won't even understand what you are talking about.
> 
> Clearly the distinction between Dial up lists ceases to have
> any utility once everyone is using DSL. Plenty of companies are
> legitimately using DSL to support mail servers. DSL has plenty
> of capacity for that task - heck not so long ago the whole of CERN
> had less bandwidth than my cable provider gives me for my house.

  You're missing the whole point.  It's *NOT* a question of whether the
underlying technology is DSL/Cable/two-cans-connected-with-copper-wire.
The important point is *STATIC* versus *DYNAMIC* IP addresses, and the
accountability issue.  If somebody spams from a static IP address, I can
block the address, and not have to block anybody else.  If the spam
comes from a "cloud" of addresses, and is different every day, I have to
block the entire cloud.  If a business can't get *ONE* static IP address
I really have to question their competence.

> What is needed is a way for Hotmail to say 'we support system X,
> everything else should be rejected'.

..without losing 90% of their customers when they find out that the
rest of the planet doesn't talk "HMTP" (Hotmail Mail Transfer Protocol).
AOL or MSN *MIGHT* get away with this, because...
  a) they're big enough
  b) unlike Yahoo, they have their own internal content.  I'm sure that
     AOL would *LOVE* to go back to the days of their "walled garden".

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
An infinite number of monkeys pounding away on keyboards will
eventually produce a report showing that Windows is more secure,
and has a lower TCO, than linux.
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To: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 23:18:06 -0800

On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 09:32:42PM -0800, Dave Crocker wrote:
> Folks,
> 
> This groups needs to settle on a single, precise, operational definition
> of "spam".  A definition that permits objective, reliable tests for
> qualification.

Actually, our charge is to investigate ways to solve an engineering problem --
servers, pipes and mailboxes overloaded to bursting with unwanted messages,
costing resources and damaging the utility of mail.

We may or may not need to define spam to do that, but so far I haven't
seen much luck.

I had always thought the best solution was to take all the major definitions,
and then take the _intersection_ of those definitions.  Then look at that
intersection and say, "how much of the problem does this cover?"  And more
to the point, "Does this cover enough of it to take back our mailboxes?"

The reason to go with an intersection, is that if a message is in this
subset, everybody agrees it is spam.  They may think that there are other
things which are spam of course, but in theory if those are just a tiny
fraction of the intersection set, they should be happy.

This seems like the logical approach, but it has the curious consequence
that the definition it produces is possibly not identical to anybody's specific
definition. 

Remarkably, some people fight a lesser definition than what they prefer, even
if they will agree that the spams not in that definition are well under 1%
of the total.   They feel it is particularly important to get every last one.
I'm not sure why, I don't see an engineering goal.  I suspect it's because
the spammers make us so angry many are not satisfied until they are all
crushed.

My current impression of the intersection definition is mail that is:

		    Sent as part of a mass mailing, which is to say some
			person commanded that mail be sent to more than
			a few hundred people

		    The recipient never solicited the mailing, nor has
			had voluntary contact with the sender in the past

		    Is commercial (Many people request this in the definition,
			but usually only if not including the mass mailing
			component, so this might not stay)

		    The sender has not been asked to stop mailing the
			recipient

		    If was not directly solicited (ie. is sent due to
			an existing relationship) the sender adheres to
			a reasonable and operational system to allow the
			recipient to ask not to be mailed again (See #4)



		    


	
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boy, I'm obscure reference guy today.

who will watch the watchers?


On Friday, March 28, 2003, at 09:48  PM, Troy Rollo wrote:

> --
> Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
> asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 18:35:42 +1100

At 23:27 28/03/03 -0800, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
>On Friday, March 28, 2003, at 09:48  PM, Troy Rollo wrote:
>
>>--
>>Troy Rollo                              Chairman, CAUBE.AU
>>asrg@troy.rollo.name                    Executive Director, iCAUCE
>
>boy, I'm obscure reference guy today.
>
>who will watch the watchers?

I don't see what you're getting at here. Certainly neither of those roles 
is free of responsibility (in the sense of being answerable) to others. 
There is a board of both organisations, and each organisation has a system 
of membership that the board is answerable to.
--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 00:58:01 -0700 (MST)

> From: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>

> This groups needs to settle on a single, precise, operational definition
> of "spam".  A definition that permits objective, reliable tests for
> qualification.
>
> We might or might not be able to get software to make that assessment,
> but it at least needs to satisfy what the courts call objective.
>
> Unless and until we start treating this topic as a technical activity,
> we are certain to make no progress, and to consume quite a bit of
> bandwidth while doing it.

That's all true, except that we can't use the word "spam." 
It is waste of time to try to define it because many unsolicited bulk
mail advertisers will always define it as "that which we don't send"
while others insist it is "that which we don't want to receive (any more)".
It's best to pick a new word or phrase and use that.

There are even people who define "UBE" as "that which we don't send
even if what we sent was unsolicited and involved substantially
identical copies except for salutations."


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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On Friday, March 28, 2003, at 11:35  PM, Troy Rollo wrote:
>> who will watch the watchers?
>
> I don't see what you're getting at here.

no, you don't, do you? But that's okay.



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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Brad,

BT>                     Sent as part of a mass mailing, which is to say some
BT>                         person commanded that mail be sent to more than
BT>                         a few hundred people

if 10,000 separate senders each mail to targeted lists of 50 people,
soliciting money, is that not spam?


BT>                     The recipient never solicited the mailing, nor has
BT>                         had voluntary contact with the sender in the past

Anyone you have ever had contact with is thereby authorized to send you
a solicitation?


BT>                     Is commercial (Many people request this in the definition,
BT>                         but usually only if not including the mass mailing
BT>                         component, so this might not stay)

Unsolicited political or religious mailings are acceptable?


BT>                     The sender has not been asked to stop mailing the
BT>                         recipient

Everyone gets one free shot at abusing (or, ummm, rather "stuffing")
your mailbox?


BT>                     If was not directly solicited (ie. is sent due to
BT>                         an existing relationship) the sender adheres to
BT>                         a reasonable and operational system to allow the
BT>                         recipient to ask not to be mailed again (See #4)

ok.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: Opt-In  (Was Re: [Asrg] Proposal for Opt-Out)
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At 12:01 AM -0700 3/29/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>  > From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
>
>>  ...
>>  4. If User does not not confirm by either replying (From/Reply-To) or
>>  clicking on the confirmation url....
>
>Clicking on confirmation URLs turns out to be a bad idea.  Anything

Damned if you do, damned if you don't.  I agree that the email reply 
offers more proof.  But then again, I've seen one confirmed-opt-in 
system treated a *bounce* as confirmation (hey, the subject matched 
:-).  And then of course, there's Microsoft's vacation messages, 
which go to the wrong address.  And our challenge/response friend 
from yesterday would apparently have automatically confirmed any list 
anyone sent him a confirmation for.

Also, as has been pointed out to me offlist.  Average users have 
serious problems with the whole email confirmation process.  But 
given a URL you get a chance to hold their hand.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7.c Mass Mailers, reliability, and lack thereof
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 04:03:31 -0500

At 10:29 PM -0700 3/28/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>As far as I can tell Topica does not really satisfy (c)--at least not
>permanently. They certainly do not satisfy (d) for that part of their
>bulk mail that does not carry the Habeas mark.  (I think I've fairly
>recent Topica spam in my logs that does not carry the Habeas mark.)

Yes.  The Habeas use on Topica is either new, or restricted to 
confirmed-opt-in lists (which I believe is a Habeas requirement). 
I've had more than a few Topica lists show up in my inbox unwanted. 
In fact, my guess is that the reason Topica is currently silently 
dropping all email from somewhere.com is that they decided that 
instead of fixing their lists, they'd just remove the complainer.

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces
Cc: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 04:20:40 -0500

At 4:40 PM +1100 3/29/03, Troy Rollo wrote:
>>1. It is extremely rude to bounce email from people on this list. 
>>*Especially* people whom you have sent email to.  If you have 
>>filters that might block email from people on this list, then 
>>whitelist the list.
>
>The filter doesn't block email from the list. It blocks on other 
>criteria that would not affect list traffic.

Sorry.  I don't buy it.  When you sign up for the list, you sign up 
for conversations with people on the list.  Those conversations may 
be on the list, off the list or (more likely) both.  We are here 
having this discussion because we want to *preserve* this aspect of 
email--not destroy it. Everyone else whose anti-spam solutions have 
interfered with the operation of this list has managed to fix the 
problem or leave.  If you're truly looking for solutions, please have 
the courtesy of doing the same.

At 4:48 PM +1100 3/29/03, Troy Rollo wrote:
>I know the consequences of my choice, and that's the way I want it 
>to operate. And it doesn't affect anybody except people who are 
>willing to work for spammers.

I don't suppose it ever occurred to you that some people on this list 
might be here because they want to ensure that their companies 
*don't* spam?

Chuq.  Where's that damn popcorn?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces
Cc: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 21:47:03 +1100

At 04:20 29/03/03 -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>Sorry.  I don't buy it.  When you sign up for the list, you sign up for 
>conversations with people on the list.

This is manifestly false. You sign up for list traffic. There is nothing 
whatever to require you to accept mail from any particular individual on 
the list.

>Everyone else whose anti-spam solutions have interfered with the operation 
>of this list has managed to fix the problem or leave.

My block has nothing whatsoever to do with the list. On-list traffic is 
entirely unaffected.

>At 4:48 PM +1100 3/29/03, Troy Rollo wrote:
>>I know the consequences of my choice, and that's the way I want it to 
>>operate. And it doesn't affect anybody except people who are willing to 
>>work for spammers.
>
>I don't suppose it ever occurred to you that some people on this list 
>might be here because they want to ensure that their companies *don't* spam?

I consider employment with Verisign fundamentally incompatible with 
honestly seeking a solution to spam in any event, since Verisign's spam 
problem, like their other major privacy and ethics violations, is a problem 
going all the way to the top. The company itself is by nature morally bankrupt.

In any event, having reviewed other messages from Mr Hallam-Baker to the 
list, it is clear that he is in major denial on this point. He has 
repeatedly tried to blame the blocks of Verisign on others, claiming 
Verisign was blocked because UUNET was (without apparently providing 
evidence of this and then insisting others provide evidence that this was 
never the case), when in fact it would be more likely for UUNET to be 
blocked because of Verisign.

Furthermore, he consistently pushes as "the only solution", something that 
would (if it were even a desirable approach or possible to implement) 
generate more revenue for his employer. How is this relevant? You suggested 
his motive for being here, but a motive-based analysis would suggest that 
his interest is not in stopping spam, but in generating revenue.
--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 23:06:30 +1100

At 00:16 29/03/03 -0800, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:

>On Friday, March 28, 2003, at 11:35  PM, Troy Rollo wrote:
>>>who will watch the watchers?
>>
>>I don't see what you're getting at here.
>
>no, you don't, do you? But that's okay.

Well, unless you have completely misunderstood the nature of CAUBE.AU and 
iCAUCE, your comment simply has no bearing on that to which you attempted 
to relate it, but since your non-elucidations suggests you (despite 
protestations to the contrary) seem to prefer the ad-hominem, I guess we 
have to leave it.

(And yes, I admit to having used ad-hominems against one poster here, but 
only in response to a baseless ad-hominem that poster directed at me, and I 
didn't rely solely on the ad-hominems as you have).
--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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On Friday, March 28, 2003, at 11:24 PM, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
>> It's not a "clueless bounce". It's a black listing. It's there 
>> because Verisign (your employer), is a spammer. Perhaps you are the 
>> clueless one for not realising this.
> Imminent death of this list predicted. I'm selling tickets. Anyone 
> want popcorn?

*plops down next to Chuq*

Cheezy Poofs, anyone?

Seriously, the goals of this list are noble and all, but I think NANAE 
has a higher S:N ratio.

D

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Troy Rollo'" <asrg@troy.rollo.name>,
        Kee Hinckley
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> In any event, having reviewed other messages from Mr 
> Hallam-Baker to the 
> list, it is clear that he is in major denial on this point. He has 
> repeatedly tried to blame the blocks of Verisign on others, claiming 
> Verisign was blocked because UUNET was (without apparently providing 
> evidence of this and then insisting others provide evidence 
> that this was 
> never the case), when in fact it would be more likely for UUNET to be 
> blocked because of Verisign.

It would be more likely for the block to be listed for the reason 
that the blacklist stated, attempting to blackmail us into changing
ISPs through intentional 'collateral damage'.


> Furthermore, he consistently pushes as "the only solution", 
> something that 
> would (if it were even a desirable approach or possible to implement) 
> generate more revenue for his employer. How is this relevant? 
> You suggested 
> his motive for being here, but a motive-based analysis would 
> suggest that 
> his interest is not in stopping spam, but in generating revenue.

Completely untrue, I have pushed every solution except for those 
that create as many problems as they try to solve. 

Read my paper before you make such demonstrably untrue statements.

Since you are presenting yourself as the self appointed 'executive
director' of what purports to be an international lobbying group
on the subject you might want to think about your obnoxious
behavior. In particular you might just find that the people you
are needlessly antagonizing might have some influence. Hint, who
do you think had the idea of a Whitehouse web site in the first
place?

	Phill


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To: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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There are 2 classes of messages we should be investigating.

Messages of a commercial or pseudo-commercial nature sent using fake e-mail 
headers and/or underhanded techniques.  

Messages of a commercial or pseudo-commercial nature sent using legitimate 
techniques (no fake headers) or semi-legitimate techniques but sent to 
individuals who either opted out or never opted in to receiving mails from 
the sender.

I think the fake header e-mail should be a priority of this group and a lower 
priority should be enforceable opt-in/opt-out lists.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces
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From: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>
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Date: 29 Mar 2003 07:23:08 -0600

In <p06000d36baab133c53bc@[192.168.1.104]> Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> writes:

> Sorry.  I don't buy it.  When you sign up for the list, you sign up
> for conversations with people on the list.  Those conversations may be
> on the list, off the list or (more likely) both.

No way!

Many popular mailing lists, and it wouldn't surprise me if that
includes this list, have spammers who sign up to collect email
addresses.  My consent to receive list traffic *DOES NOT* transfer to
consent to receiving email from anyone who happens to be on the list.
I certainly do not want to hear the kinds of "conversations" that
spammers would send my way.


>                        Everyone else whose anti-spam solutions have
> interfered with the operation of this list has managed to fix the
> problem or leave.  If you're truly looking for solutions, please have
> the courtesy of doing the same.

I agree that signing up on the list commits you to making sure you
don't interfere with the list (via spam filters or whatever).


I have spam filters that I run also.  Due to the discussions on this
mailing list, I have recently switch back to using DNSBLs at the MTA
level instead of the MUA level.  If someone sends me email that
originates from an open relay used by spammers, they will now likely
receive a bounce.  Before, they would likely have just received a high
score from SpamAssassin and been placed in a mail folder that I don't
check very carefully (or often).  I think generating a bounce on a
false positive is better than silently having the false positive be
overlooked.

If it really is the consensus of this list that I must turn off my
spam filtering or leave the list, please let me know.  I will
certainly be willing to leave the list.


-wayne

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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 05:50:42 -0800


> You know.  It's responses like this that really make me understand 
> why most of the ISPs I talk to hate the anti-spam organizations more 
> than the spammers.

prompted by one of the other threads on the list I took a look at Vernon's
pages to find the following:

http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/
"Mail from domains on a list of free providers is rejected at rhyolite.com,
because of spam claiming to be from them. Rejecting mail supposedly from
free mail providers is an extremely effective tactic for avoiding spam or
unsolicited bulk mail. "

Hmm, so authentication is absolutely no use eh? Just blacklist the whole
domain. now lets look at some of the domains in this list.

yahoo.com, hotmail.com  - Of COURSE everyone from these 
		domains is a spammer
freeserve.co.uk		- The largest ISP in the UK, you 
		pay by the minute through the local phone toll.

Apparently these domains are effective against '90%' of spam. So if you
could identify the genuine email sent from these sources and the sources
implement rate limiting on egress (most do already) you could block 90% of
spam with NO false positives.

Of course false positives probably aren't a problem if you only really care
about getting email from longstanding netizens with their own email domain. 

I find it somewhat interesting that the people complaining loudest about
solutions that might involve cost are also the people who are quickest to
cut off free internet access. Just what is going on here?

		Phill
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Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 14:09:47 +0000

> 
> [ ...Jon said... ]
> > Yes maybe - so they consult your consent again. 
> > Is there some problem with this?
> 
VS>   Yes.  It doesn't scale.  Imagine several million businesses on this
VS> planet "just checking" with you every six months.  I don't really see
VS> any difference between my inbox overflowing with a thousand spams per
VS> day or a thousand "requests-for-you-to-please-opt-in,-pretty-please".

No - of course it doesn't scale.
Who said that your consent can only be consulted by sending an email?

Clearly - another mechanism for expressing and consulting consent is
desirable.






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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 14:09:50 +0000

> 
> [ ...Jon said... ]
> > Yes maybe - so they consult your consent again. 
> > Is there some problem with this?
> 
VS>   Yes.  It doesn't scale.  Imagine several million businesses on this
VS> planet "just checking" with you every six months.  I don't really see
VS> any difference between my inbox overflowing with a thousand spams per
VS> day or a thousand "requests-for-you-to-please-opt-in,-pretty-please".

No - of course it doesn't scale.
Who said that your consent can only be consulted by sending an email?

Clearly - another mechanism for expressing and consulting consent is
desirable.






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Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 14:10:49 +0000

> 
> [ ...Jon said... ]
> > Yes maybe - so they consult your consent again. 
> > Is there some problem with this?
> 
>   Yes.  It doesn't scale.  Imagine several million businesses on this
> planet "just checking" with you every six months.  I don't really see
> any difference between my inbox overflowing with a thousand spams per
> day or a thousand "requests-for-you-to-please-opt-in,-pretty-please".

No - of course it doesn't scale.
Who said that your consent can only be consulted by sending an email?

Clearly - another mechanism for expressing and consulting consent is
desirable.






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In-Reply-To:  <61186118354.20030328213242@brandenburg.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
To: "Dave Crocker"  <dhc@dcrocker.net>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 14:18:12 +0000

> Folks,
> 
> 
> This groups needs to settle on a single, precise, operational definition
> of "spam".  A definition that permits objective, reliable tests for
> qualification.
> 
> We might or might not be able to get software to make that assessment,
> but it at least needs to satisfy what the courts call objective.
> 
> Unless and until we start treating this topic as a technical activity,
> we are certain to make no progress, and to consume quite a bit of
> bandwidth while doing it.
> d/

Well (referring to the charter) how about:
A communication for which there is no consent given by the intended
recipient.

done.






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On Saturday, March 29, 2003, at 04:37  AM, Derek J. Balling wrote:

>> Imminent death of this list predicted. I'm selling tickets. Anyone 
>> want popcorn?
>
> *plops down next to Chuq*
>
> Cheezy Poofs, anyone?
>
> Seriously, the goals of this list are noble and all, but I think NANAE 
> has a higher S:N ratio.
>

Here. I just opened a bag. I'm putting on the video to Monty Python and 
the Holy Grail.

"What do we burn apart from witches?"

"More Witches!"


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To: Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces
Cc: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>, asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 10:49:57 -0500

At 9:47 PM +1100 3/29/03, Troy Rollo wrote:
>At 04:20 29/03/03 -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>>Sorry.  I don't buy it.  When you sign up for the list, you sign up 
>>for conversations with people on the list.
>
>This is manifestly false. You sign up for list traffic. There is 
>nothing whatever to require you to accept mail from any particular 
>individual on the list.

I'm sorry that you don't understand the social assumptions implicit 
in human conversation. However that does not excuse your anti-social 
behavior. I assume that if we were at a meeting, you would only talk 
to him while sitting at the table, but spit in his face if he tried 
to talk with you in the hallway?

>>I don't suppose it ever occurred to you that some people on this 
>>list might be here because they want to ensure that their companies 
>>*don't* spam?
>
>I consider employment with Verisign fundamentally incompatible with 
>honestly seeking a solution to spam in any event, since Verisign's 
>spam problem, like

Thank you for clarifying what I already believed.  You aren't 
interested in solving spam.  You're interested in retribution.

Of all the companies currently involved in this, and the related 
JamSpam discussions, Verisign is by no means the worst.  JamSpam is 
*hosted* by Topica.  Take a lesson from South Africa, Northern 
Ireland, Nicaragua and a few other political hot spots.  If you want 
to find a solution, you've got to put the past behind you.

Verisign is by no means my favorite company--even before they bought 
Network Solutions.  Ask Phillip what the first message I sent him 
off-list said.  (On second thought, don't ask him.  Sorry, I forgot, 
you can't.)  I wouldn't even say that Phillip is my favorite person 
on this list.  But I'm not going to let either of those things get in 
the way of our finding solutions to spam.  If you are, then I'd say 
you're betraying the trust of your organization.

>Furthermore, he consistently pushes as "the only solution", 
>something that would (if it were even a desirable approach or 
>possible to implement) generate more revenue for his employer. How 
>is this relevant? You suggested his motive for being here, but a 
>motive-based analysis would suggest that his interest is not in 
>stopping spam, but in generating revenue.

It would appear that your motive is "getting even."  I'd consider the 
motive of earning money for Verisign--even if true--potentially far 
more compatible with the goals of this list than yours.

Since you obviously don't give a damn as to whether Phillip has 
anything worthwhile to say--being blinded by the twelve letters to 
the left of his at-sign.  I suggest that in the future you restrict 
your messages to this list to ones that do *not* reply (directly or 
indirectly) to anything he posts to this list.  I see that you have 
continued to send him email throughout this discussion (see the To: 
and Cc: headers).  If nothing else, that's just plain rude.  If 
there's one thing I despise more than spammers, it's spam fighters 
who lash out at people while hiding behind barriers so that they 
don't have to read the response.  I know why the spammers do it, but 
you don't have an excuse.  S fighters should know better; and they 
certainly should be held to higher standards.  I'm sorry that you are 
so blind to the damage that you are doing to our cause.

And to anyone else still listening.  I will attempt to make this my 
last on-list posting on this subject.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Jon,


JK> Well (referring to the charter) how about:
JK> A communication for which there is no consent given by the intended
JK> recipient.

I hear that you are the world's expert on ice cream.  I want to hire you
to help my ice cream manufacturing business.  We have never met.  I send
you an email.

The above definition classifies my email as spam.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Blocking dynamic IP ranges
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 09:55:36 -0600

On Sat, Mar 29, 2003 at 02:06:45AM -0500, waltdnes@waltdnes.org wrote:
> On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 12:01:44PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote
> 
> > > Have you ever asked them what they think about DUL?
> > > What will they think about validating services or RMX? From my
> > > experience 80% won't even understand what you are talking about.
> > 
> > Clearly the distinction between Dial up lists ceases to have
> > any utility once everyone is using DSL. Plenty of companies are
> > legitimately using DSL to support mail servers. DSL has plenty
> > of capacity for that task - heck not so long ago the whole of CERN
> > had less bandwidth than my cable provider gives me for my house.
> 
>   You're missing the whole point.  It's *NOT* a question of whether the
> underlying technology is DSL/Cable/two-cans-connected-with-copper-wire.
> The important point is *STATIC* versus *DYNAMIC* IP addresses, and the
> accountability issue.  If somebody spams from a static IP address, I can
> block the address, and not have to block anybody else.  If the spam
> comes from a "cloud" of addresses, and is different every day, I have to
> block the entire cloud.  If a business can't get *ONE* static IP address
> I really have to question their competence.

Precisely.  I know many people around here who have DSL with static IP address
blocks and their own domain name and reverse DNS.  This is residential.
I cannot imagine why, then, a legitimate business/organization would have to
resort to running an MTA on dynamic IP addresses.

Again, this is really a matter of what works for an organization.  And for
ours, this is just one of many effective "tools" for fighting the onslaught
of spam.

> -- 
> Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
> An infinite number of monkeys pounding away on keyboards will
> eventually produce a report showing that Windows is more secure,
> and has a lower TCO, than linux.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

-- 

Steven F. Siirila			Office: Lind Hall, Room 130B
Internet Services			E-mail: sfs@umn.edu
Office of Information Technology	Voice: (612) 626-0244
University of Minnesota
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 11:21:07 -0500

At 9:55 -0600 3/29/03, Steven F Siirila wrote:

>Precisely.  I know many people around here who have DSL with static IP address
>blocks and their own domain name and reverse DNS.  This is residential.
>I cannot imagine why, then, a legitimate business/organization would have to
>resort to running an MTA on dynamic IP addresses.
>
>Again, this is really a matter of what works for an organization.  And for
>ours, this is just one of many effective "tools" for fighting the onslaught
>of spam.

Just because some can have it, does not mean that all can have it.
Legitimate businesses/organizations come in many sizes with varied ability
to handle much of anything. If they can only have PPPOE, for example, then
what happens with IP and DNS is anybody's guess.
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To: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>, "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
Cc: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 11:23:28 -0500

At 7:38 -0800 3/29/03, Dave Crocker wrote:
>JK> Well (referring to the charter) how about:
>JK> A communication for which there is no consent given by the intended
>JK> recipient.
>
>I hear that you are the world's expert on ice cream.  I want to hire you
>to help my ice cream manufacturing business.  We have never met.  I send
>you an email.
>
>The above definition classifies my email as spam.

Not that it's a solution, but it seems such a person could give blanket consent
for potential collaborators or customers to contact him for professional
reasons related to ice cream, and if JK happens to be an eccentric ice cream
inventor who talks to nobody, then he would presumably not give such consent
because he truly does not care to be contacted/hired.
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Subject: [Asrg] Will someone PLEASE remove Tim@mailkey.com?
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 12:02:48 -0500

My Dear God this is annoying. Would someone PLEASE remove this guy 
from the list?
Please?

disclaimer: I do not and never have worked for, and barely can spell, Verisign.


>From: tim@mailkey.com
>Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 16:55:48 +0000
>X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
>To: jim@media.mit.edu
>Subject: RE:- RE: [ASRG] BLOCKING DYNAMIC IP RANGES
>X-Virus-Scanned: by amavisd-new
>
>The email you sent to me with the subject line as above has been 
>rejected due to the fact that my email account is protected from 
>SPAM by MailKey.   You are not (yet) on my 'A-list' of approved 
>senders, and the mail did not contain a valid MailKey.
>
>To successfully send the email to me, you need to obtain a MailKey 
>from the MailKey website.
>
>A MailKey is a short unique code which will allow the email to be 
>delivered  you simply insert the MailKey anywhere in the subject 
>line, and re-send the email to me.
>
>The service is free, is very easy, and should take less than 1 minute to use!
>
>Please go to 
>http://www.mailkey.com/pklookup.aspx?to=tim@mailkey.com&amp;from=jim@media.mit.edu 
>to obtain the MailKey you need.
>
>To retrieve the email you sent please go to 
>http://www.mailkey.com/retrievebody.aspx?id=2330
>
>If you want to use the free MailKey service to lock out SPAM from 
>your email account, or find out more about MailKey, please go to 
>http://www.mailkey.com

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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Jim,

>>I hear that you are the world's expert on ice cream.  I want to hire you
>>to help my ice cream manufacturing business.  We have never met.  I send
>>you an email.
>>
>>The above definition classifies my email as spam.

JY> Not that it's a solution, but it seems such a person could give blanket consent
JY> for potential collaborators or customers to contact him for professional
JY> reasons related to ice cream, and if JK happens to be an eccentric ice cream
JY> inventor who talks to nobody, then he would presumably not give such consent
JY> because he truly does not care to be contacted/hired.

1.  Multi-level marketing schemes solicit your participation in an
activity that can easily be classed at "potential collaboration".  Yet
most people would class those solicitations as spam.

2.  Given that this is a technical research body, how does one go about
offering that consent, in a service with 100 million participants, and
how does one enforce it?

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
Cc: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 12:32:26 -0500

At 9:05 -0800 3/29/03, Dave Crocker wrote:
>Jim,
>
>>>I hear that you are the world's expert on ice cream.  I want to hire you
>>>to help my ice cream manufacturing business.  We have never met.  I send
>>>you an email.
>>>
>>>The above definition classifies my email as spam.
>
>JY> Not that it's a solution, but it seems such a person could give 
>blanket consent
>JY> for potential collaborators or customers to contact him for professional
>JY> reasons related to ice cream, and if JK happens to be an 
>eccentric ice cream
>JY> inventor who talks to nobody, then he would presumably not give 
>such consent
>JY> because he truly does not care to be contacted/hired.
>
>1.  Multi-level marketing schemes solicit your participation in an
>activity that can easily be classed at "potential collaboration".  Yet
>most people would class those solicitations as spam.
>
>2.  Given that this is a technical research body, how does one go about
>offering that consent, in a service with 100 million participants, and
>how does one enforce it?

I said it wasn't a solution, was just pointing out that if you are going to get
into the morass of consent, well, there are ways to declare consent, and some
workable-or-not technological solutions have already been stated 
here. Legally, it's
possible to define consent generally. If you ring my doorbell a lot, 
for example,
the police can be engaged to make you stop. On the other hand, if 
you're bringing me
some money every time, I won't mind it.

As for offering consent, well, we've made it pretty far in 
civilization with a personal
concept of consent/access in every medium but e-mail, so there are 
means. As far as
enforcement goes, the social contract in most places is that 
government enacts laws
that enable civil action, so, "no means no" can be enforced, were it 
to come to that.

Personally, I think that a definition of wanted or unwanted 
communications is mostly
a personal thing. Given that, I feel the most fruitful activity for 
machinery between
message-sender and message-recipient is to help define the character 
of the message,
using info known at those places that's not necessarily known at the 
recipient end...
then disposition can be controlled at or near final delivery. Maybe I 
would adopt a
profile made available by like-minded people, but that's still a 
personal decision.

And that has nothing to do with consent, except that if I personally 
have sense of what
I care to allow, I may encode that policy near me, in a way that 
doesn't necessarily
affect anyone else except when I generate a bounce or a fresh 
complaint, and thus a
new message that's subject to someone else's sense of "consent."


- Jim
(regretting this reply, because I'll get another annoying message, or several,
from tim@mailkey.com, who has never seen any of this, and I did not 
_consent_ to be
hounded by his mailserver until I click the link it wants me to click).
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Will someone PLEASE remove Tim@mailkey.com?
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 09:52:55 -0800

> My Dear God this is annoying. Would someone PLEASE remove this guy 
> from the list?
> Please?

Seconded, this guy is sending me more SPAM than the whole of Nigeria.

For some reason the emails keep bypassing my spam filters.

Perhaps someone could forge an UNSUBSCRIBE to the mailbot? Oh 
forgot, there is no such thing as forged mails...

> disclaimer: I do not and never have worked for, and barely 
> can spell, Verisign.

That is VeriSign, the s is capitalized, don't ask me why, once
upon a time there was a company called MicroSoft that did the
same thing, try sys 6502 on your Commodore PET...


		Phill
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 10:19:14 -0800
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Jim,

Saturday, March 29, 2003, 9:32:26 AM, you wrote:
JY> into the morass of consent, well, there are ways to declare consent, and some
JY> workable-or-not technological solutions have already been stated 
...
JY> As for offering consent, well, we've made it pretty far in 
JY> civilization with a personal
JY> concept of consent/access in every medium but e-mail, so there are 
JY> means.

Given that this is a technical research group, the distinction between
workable and non-workable is rather important.  If something is believed
to be unworkable, it is distracting to discuss it.

Noting that other media have developed workable solutions for consent is
extremely important. Assuming that they apply to email is dangerous,
especially when the physical scope of absolute control for email is
uniquely non-existent for so much of email.


JY> I feel the most fruitful activity for
JY> machinery between
JY> message-sender and message-recipient is to help define the character
JY> of the message,
JY> using info known at those places that's not necessarily known at the
JY> recipient end...

1.  I do not understand the reference to "known at those places", given that you
then say "not necessarily known at the recipient end".

2. How does it help to rely on the sender's defining the character of
the message, when the senders are non-cooperative rogue players?


JY> And that has nothing to do with consent, except that if I personally
JY> have sense of what
JY> I care to allow, I may encode that policy near me,

Let's assume that there is some way to embody "what you care to allow"
in software and some way to detect whether an incoming piece of email
conforms to what you care to allow.  (The heuristics currently required
for such a mechanism are useful but highly flawed.)

This leaves us with the problem of massive bandwidth and processing
being consumed along the path from the sender to your filter.  These
resources are not free and they have become a significant problem for
ISPs.


JY> (regretting this reply, because I'll get another annoying message, or several,
JY> from tim@mailkey.com, who has never seen any of this, and I did not 
JY> _consent_ to be
JY> hounded by his mailserver until I click the link it wants me to click).

And this is a perfect example of why some recipient-based filtering will
remain essential. My own email client let's me easily place an entry
into a special address book and discard all mail from anyone in that
address book...


d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 10:29:51 -0800


Alas, now we see how hard it is to get consensus on this.

> BT>                     Sent as part of a mass mailing, which is to say some
> BT>                         person commanded that mail be sent to more than
> BT>                         a few hundred people
> 
> if 10,000 separate senders each mail to targeted lists of 50 people,
> soliciting money, is that not spam?

If the 10,000 people are, as you say, separate, and not caused to do so by one
entity, then no, it would not be under this definition. 

Have we seen a lot of this happening?   I think it is vital in this issue
not to solve hypotheticals that are not actually taking place, so if you
wish to add to the definition (rather than take away, since this is an
intersection definition I propose we seek) please let us know what real
world experience leads you to feel it needs adding. 
> 
> 
> BT>                     The recipient never solicited the mailing, nor has
> BT>                         had voluntary contact with the sender in the past
> 
> Anyone you have ever had contact with is thereby authorized to send you
> a solicitation?

Sure.  Again, how much of your "spam" is coming from parties who are not
strangers to you?  And in this case, how many problems have you had with
getting removed from their lists?   If you have some numbers, let me know.
My own experience is that UBE from parties known to me is rare, and for those
parties not to honour a remove request immediately is extremely rare.
In fact, I have only had a few instances in the past 5 years of non-immediate
removal wrt known parties, and even there it just took a few days longer.

And that's with personally receiving several hundred thousand spams, in other
words, a non-problem.

I am curious as to what numbers others have on this issue.  What are yours?

> 
> 
> BT>                     Is commercial (Many people request this in the definition,
> BT>                         but usually only if not including the mass mailing
> BT>                         component, so this might not stay)
> 
> Unsolicited political or religious mailings are acceptable?

As you can tell from my comment, this one is not mine.  Nonetheless, it has
been in many definitions that people have put forward.
> 
> 
> BT>                     The sender has not been asked to stop mailing the
> BT>                         recipient
> 
> Everyone gets one free shot at abusing (or, ummm, rather "stuffing")
> your mailbox?

Actually, under this definition, everybody _you_ talk to gets one "free shot."

In my experience, this does not create a problem, because the number of
people you voluntarily communicate with is inherently limited.

Again, I am curious as to the numbers that lead you to your view.  Have
you seen a significant problem in spam from people you have communicated
with in the past?   What fraction of your total spam is it?

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Date: 29 Mar 2003 12:31:28 -0600

In <p06000d39baab6a96ccba@[192.168.1.104]> Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> writes:

> I'm sorry that you don't understand the social assumptions implicit in
> human conversation. However that does not excuse your anti-social
> behavior. I assume that if we were at a meeting, you would only talk
> to him while sitting at the table, but spit in his face if he tried to
> talk with you in the hallway?

You can check the archive, but Phillip was the first to call someone
"clueless".  I think you analogy would be closer to "I assume that if
we were at a meeting, you would only talk to him while sitting at the
table, but spit in his face if he first spit in your face in the
hallway?"  Spitting in people's faces isn't very nice, even when "he
started it".  However, you (Ken) might want to try and be more even
handed in your lectures.



> Of all the companies currently involved in this, and the related
> JamSpam discussions, Verisign is by no means the worst.  JamSpam is
> *hosted* by Topica. 

A funny story about the JamSpam folks.  I looked into signing up on
their mailing lists, but I refuse to have to disclose things like my
birth date to be use for advertising purposes just to subscribe to a
mailing list.  I sent email to admin@jamspam.org asking if there was
another way to follow the discussions.  Unfortunately, the
admin@jamspam.org email address apparently ends up eventually going to
jamspam-admin@kavi.com which *bounces* with a "Unable to chdir to
maildir. (#4.2.1)" error.


*sigh*

And JamSpam are the folks that think they can make internet email more
reliable?


-wayne

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Will someone PLEASE remove Tim@mailkey.com?
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Date: 29 Mar 2003 12:35:57 -0600

In <200303291701.h2TH1FlD029761@new.agentzero.com> Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu> writes:

> My Dear God this is annoying. Would someone PLEASE remove this guy
> from the list?
> 
> Please?


I have added mailkey.com to my personal blacklist.  I now expect to be
lectured by Ken about how I don't understand the social assumptions
implicit in human conversation and how rude it is to blacklist anyone
who is on this mailing list.  Ken will probably even tell me that I'm
doing this as retribution because it is unlikely that I will ever
remove this ban.


-wayne


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From: <asrg@bobf.frankston.com>
To: "'Brad Templeton'" <brad@templetons.com>,
        "'Dave Crocker'" <dhc@dcrocker.net>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] define spam
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There is something fundamentally wrong with defining spam. Spam is
whatever the end user thinks is spam. The goal should simply be to give
the user tools for dealing with spam more effectively. And more
important is semi-spam - all the gray stuff in the middle.

Reducing traffic is a technical issue that shouldn't depend on a
definition of spam since I can easily imagine other messaging that is
voluminous and wanted such as TV programming being sent via email --
that's simply whole-program buffering.

Fraud is another issue that should be separated out.

Wrapping all this stuff in a tight bundle is what got us into the .COM
mess.

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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name>
Cc: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>,
        "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 10:43:10 -0800

On Sat, Mar 29, 2003 at 09:47:03PM +1100, Troy Rollo wrote:
> At 04:20 29/03/03 -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> >Sorry.  I don't buy it.  When you sign up for the list, you sign up for 
> >conversations with people on the list.
> 
> This is manifestly false. You sign up for list traffic. There is nothing 
> whatever to require you to accept mail from any particular individual on 
> the list.

While I would agree that there is nothing that inherently bounds a list
to this policy, I believe that the default policy for most lists is that
people can reply privately to postings to the list, and I certainly only
want to particpate in lists which use such a policy.

If you place impediments in replying directly to a list posting, you push
people into sending their messages to the entire audience, even when they
are not meant for the entire audience.  This pointlessly increases the
volume of mail on the list to the detriment of all, increases flamewars,
and is generally a terrible idea.

USENET was actually revolutionary in the days of BBSs in that you could reply
to a poster by E-mail and were in fact encouraged to do so.  In the early
days it was not at all uncommon to get many more e-mail replies to a posting
than followups.  "Reply to the poster and she'll summarize for the net" was
a standard mantra when global posting was expensive and e-mail of course
much cheaper in terms of total traffic to the uucp net.

This is one of the things spam destroyed.  People now are afraid to put their
real e-mail in their postings.  Sometimes there is none, sometimes you can find
it if you dig around in the posting to see it written in a form you must
rewrite.  It sucks, and spam has done this to us.

Let it not do it to this list.  I would hope this list would make a policy that
if you are not willing to quickly and easily take e-mail replies to your
postings on this list, you should not post to the list.  You are free to
read it.

An easy challenge/response to new replyers is fine, but much more than that
seems inappropriate.  (I don't know the particulars as I haven't mailed
Mr. Rollo before.  I am about to find out...)
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Is Tim@mailkey.com spamming?
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In <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A301AE21F9@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> writes:

> > My Dear God this is annoying. Would someone PLEASE remove this guy 
> > from the list?
> > Please?
> 
> Seconded, this guy is sending me more SPAM than the whole of Nigeria.

Ok, this might make an interesting test case.

Is tim@mailkey.com spamming people?

Are we, by all subscribing to this list, consenting to email from
others who are on this list?

All of the emails from tim@mailkey.com are slightly different, so do
they count as bulk?

Are these messages commercial?


-wayne

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To: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 13:57:25 -0500

At 10:19 -0800 3/29/03, Dave Crocker wrote:
>Jim,
>
>Saturday, March 29, 2003, 9:32:26 AM, you wrote:
>JY> into the morass of consent, well, there are ways to declare 
>consent, and some
>JY> workable-or-not technological solutions have already been stated
>...
>JY> As for offering consent, well, we've made it pretty far in
>JY> civilization with a personal
>JY> concept of consent/access in every medium but e-mail, so there are
>JY> means.
>
>Given that this is a technical research group, the distinction between
>workable and non-workable is rather important.  If something is believed
>to be unworkable, it is distracting to discuss it.

at the risk of sounding glib, if this is to be a technical research 
group, it's going to need a tighter mission than what it's diverged 
into.

Globally valid definitions of such context-dependent concepts as 
"spam" and "consent" probably
cannot be written.

However, I think it's not ridiculous to say that one could still 
fairly allow that "spam" (which is slang, not a technical term) for 
our purposes does mean "messages that arrive without consent" 
provided that consent is defined only as a matter of personal policy, 
and left at that. Yeah, I can't write some code to deal with that, 
but maybe that's okay.

And what is "personal" as in "personal policy"? Whose? Any mail 
server operator, ISP, or recipient along the path that a message 
travels asserts a personal policy already. Do they care to handle 
this message? If not, they already can and do reject enroute, e.g. 
too-large, too many hops, unknown recipient, no-relaying-for-you, 
mailbox full...


>Noting that other media have developed workable solutions for consent is
>extremely important. Assuming that they apply to email is dangerous,
>especially when the physical scope of absolute control for email is
>uniquely non-existent for so much of email.

Every other mode of human interaction in the history of civilization 
has some concept of consent. I think it's over the top to assume that 
electronic communications are so very different. Consent is a feature 
of civil law at most places i'm aware of. In the US we recognize 
"quiet enjoyment".

>JY> I feel the most fruitful activity for
>JY> machinery between
>JY> message-sender and message-recipient is to help define the character
>JY> of the message,
>JY> using info known at those places that's not necessarily known at the
>JY> recipient end...
>
>1.  I do not understand the reference to "known at those places", 
>given that you
>then say "not necessarily known at the recipient end".

My ISP's mail server understands, or could understand, some things 
about the handling of a given message that my mail client does not. 
For example, how many other messages like this one did it receive in 
the last 30 minutes? How many of those recipients have already 
complained? What's happening at other servers regarding messages 
"like" this? ("Like" seems to call into play sketchy heuristics, but 
nobody's shown that it absolutely _must_ be that way).


>2. How does it help to rely on the sender's defining the character of
>the message, when the senders are non-cooperative rogue players?

If you cannot punish those who do not cooperate either because they 
can't be reached or because of spillover to uninvolved parties, you 
can reward those who do cooperate. (Yes, that's vague. that's one 
spot to plug in some research)


>JY> And that has nothing to do with consent, except that if I personally
>JY> have sense of what
>JY> I care to allow, I may encode that policy near me,
>
>Let's assume that there is some way to embody "what you care to allow"
>in software and some way to detect whether an incoming piece of email
>conforms to what you care to allow.  (The heuristics currently required
>for such a mechanism are useful but highly flawed.)

I'm not projecting anything beyond what's already happening; to a 
certain extent
we already do encode these policies. Some do it by selecting a spam-safe ISP
(e.g Earthlink's ad campaign), others by filtering or rules in mail servers or
in personal mail-delivery code (my .procmailrc) or in clients (worst 
place imo).


>This leaves us with the problem of massive bandwidth and processing
>being consumed along the path from the sender to your filter.  These
>resources are not free and they have become a significant problem for
>ISPs.

The greater issue is that e-mail may become unusable. For some, it already
has. Deal with that, the other solution will follow naturally.


>And this is a perfect example of why some recipient-based filtering will
>remain essential. My own email client let's me easily place an entry
>into a special address book and discard all mail from anyone in that
>address book...

I would very much prefer that Mr. "Click the link or my bot will keep 
mailing you"
be subjected to civil enforcement.


My interest is in considering the problem from an economic 
perspective because I think that's the only way workable and solid 
solutions will ever be found. And I'm not necessarily talking about 
real money.

1.
How can the cost of spamming and of not-spamming be made very 
disproportionate turned such that good conduct is more productive 
that bad?

2.
Is there a mechanism that can be deployed by personal choice (at the 
level of a person, a mailbox, a mail server, and/or an ISP) that 
improves (even marginally) the quality of the adopter's 
communications, that also has the property that the more who use it, 
the better it works? Such a thing has a hope of popular adoption. Not 
much else does, and without popular adoption, a distributed solution 
(the only thing that can possibly work) will never take hold. This 
may be seen by some as a holy grail sort of pursuit, but I do feel 
that we would find, if we started to measure and estimate, that 
*everyone* needn't adopt such a thing in order to get to really good 
results.

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Subject: [Asrg] Opt out vs opt in
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I have been reading the threads on the various opt out proposals.  I have a
philosophical problem with opt out, to wit, "Why should I have to opt out of
something I never asked for in the first place?"  We recommend to our
customers to *NEVER* respond to a spam email with the exception of requests
to "legitimate senders"  The decision on what constitutes a legitimate
sender is left as an exercise to the customer however the example I give is
a company known to you, the mail comes from @example.com and the unsubscribe
address is also from @example.com and/or is in the form
http://www.example.com/unsubscribe.cgi  I also specifically warn against
unsubscribes to email addresses at any one of the free email providers (ex.
nomoremailxxxx@hotmail.com)  or http://999.999.999.999/unsubscribe.cgi  My
attention is my property.  I know what I want to look at and if I'm
interested enough I'll actually search it out (I spent about an hour
attempting to determine how to subscribe to this list...it is not obvious
from the IETF website...or maybe I was having a clueless moment :-/ )  My
take is the *ONLY* way a sender should be sending me bulk mail is if I
verifiably *ASK* for it...ex. a double opt-in consisting of the request and
then a verification reply from me that says "Yes I really asked for this"
This does not preclude an individual sender from emailing me out of the blue
in response to something they saw that I said.  I've invited feedback from
the list on a number of issues...that mail, to me *IS* solicited even if I
didn't really know who I was soliciting mail from.  My judgment is that most
folks preference would be don't talk to me unless I ask for it.  Opt out
violates that principle.  Verifiable opt in is needed to address the sites
that this email is sent to you because you visited our site or one of our
affiliates and requested communications of this type addressed to nobody,
daemon or MAILER-DAEMON at my domain.  My favorite is spam responses to a
personal ad to mailer-daemon...makes me wonder what my mail servers are up
to on those lonely nights that I'm wasting a couple hours sleeping.  A
single or limited number of opt out sites may alleviate this problem but I
simply don't have time to opt out from spammera.com and then start receiving
mail from spammerb.com...same company.  The marketer may say "Well
spammera.com *HAS* stopped sending you mail"  How does that solve the
problem from the ten gazillion others?  I think this is opt out's fatal
flaw.

Regards
Mike

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To: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 14:45:52 -0500

At 12:54 PM -0600 3/29/03, wayne wrote:
>Ok, this might make an interesting test case.
>
>Is tim@mailkey.com spamming people?

No.  There is simply a bug in the software he is using.

His software, without or without the bug, is extremely anti-social, 
and is (in my view) grounds for expulsion from this particular list. 
But that's a social problem specific to challenge/response systems.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 14:53:33 -0500

At 12:31 PM -0600 3/29/03, wayne wrote:
>You can check the archive, but Phillip was the first to call someone
>"clueless".  I think you analogy would be closer to "I assume that if

No.  He called the blacklist of his IP address clueless.  Personally 
I don't take it as a insult when someone calls a decision made by my 
software "clueless".  Nor, for that matter, do I consider "clueless" 
much of an insult.  I probably manage to attain that state several 
times a day.

>A funny story about the JamSpam folks.  I looked into signing up on
>their mailing lists, but I refuse to have to disclose things like my
>birth date to be use for advertising purposes just to subscribe to a
>mailing list.  I sent email to admin@jamspam.org asking if there was

Yes.  This is a bit of Topica sliminess.  I reached the same 
conclusion, and while I was composing my flame to Berlind, I got 
confirmation of being added to the list.  If you read Topica's 
confirmation web page very carefully you'll discover that while they 
very strongly imply that you won't be subscribed until you fill it 
out--in fact that don't come out and say that.

However it does appear that you can't read the archives without 
giving up private information.  Given that I was subscribing to a 
list about privacy and spam, I found that particularly ironic.  I'm 
currently attempting to see if we can have the lists moved to a host 
without these problems (namely, mine).
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Is Tim@mailkey.com spamming?
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 11:53:40 -0800

On Sat, Mar 29, 2003 at 12:54:10PM -0600, wayne wrote:
> Ok, this might make an interesting test case.
> 
> Is tim@mailkey.com spamming people?

Sort of -- but what he's really doing is violating the rule, fairly well
established though not RFCd properly, that an autoresponder MUST NOT respond
to mail which has a "Precedence: bulk" header.

This is not the first time this has come up.  Every so often somebody writes
a broken Vacation program or other autoresponder which responds to mailing
list mail, and everybody who posts to the list gets a response from it,
and they all get annoyed, and the person is taken off the list until they
get better software.  (Or sometimes the list manager realizes they should
be putting the Precdence: bulk header on the list mail.)

> 
> Are we, by all subscribing to this list, consenting to email from
> others who are on this list?

Independent question.  Unless otherwise specified, then yes, by POSTING to 
the list, you are indeed soliciting replies to your postings.   Subscribing
to the list only solicits mails from the list, of course.

The idea that if you send me E-mail (by whatever means, be it directly or
a list) that I can't reply to you seems ludicrous to me.  If anti-spam thought
has led people to that conclusion, it's another sign of the emotional damage
spam has caused.

Can I auto-reply to you?  If I'm the list manager, certainly.  If I am a list
member, probably not, but it's a purely technical question, not so much a spam
one.   This question is far older than the spam problem.

(Though I will note that the term spam came into its current meaning not
to refer to commercial postings but in fact to runaway robot softare which
flooded first MUDs, and later USENET.    In fact, Monday is the 10th
anniversary of the first use of the term "spam" on USENET to refer to a
mass posting.  In this case, it was Dick Depew's AARM program which went amok
and flooded news.admin!)

Also coming up (I am going to do a small article) in May is the 25th anniversary
of the first E-mail spam, sent by a DEC salesman to everybody on the Arpanet
on the west coast.)

> 
> All of the emails from tim@mailkey.com are slightly different, so do
> they count as bulk?

> 
> Are these messages commercial?

To me that's not relevant, though I know some consider it relevant to spam.
Do we even know this guy works at mailkey, or could he just be somebody
with a mailbox there.   
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
To: "John R. Levine"  <johnl@iecc.com>
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 20:11:54 +0000

>>Well (referring to the charter) how about:
>>A communication for which there is no consent given by the intended
>>recipient.
>
>
>Hmmn.  Is this message spam?  I don't have any consent from you on
>file.

The message of of itself fits the definition. However, it has a context (is
part of an ongoing communication with a list - and within the declared
ambit of the list) such that it's probably not reasonable to consider it
"spam".

Next!

:-)

>
>Regards,
>John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for
>Dummies",
>Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer
>Commissioner
>"More Wiener schnitzel, please", said Tom, revealingly.
>
>





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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 20:18:59 +0000

> Jon,
> 
> 
> 
> JK> Well (referring to the charter) how about:
> JK> A communication for which there is no consent given by the intended
> JK> recipient.
> 
> I hear that you are the world's expert on ice cream.  I want to hire you
> to help my ice cream manufacturing business.  We have never met.  I send
> you an email.
> 
> The above definition classifies my email as spam.

My knowledge of ice-cream manufacturing is rightly world renowned. I'm not
sure why you didn't use my published address for this sort of message:

contactme@simplythebesticeream.co.uk

Then it wouldn't have been spam.

Next!

:-)





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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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> Not that it's a solution, but it seems such a person could give blanket
> consent
> for potential collaborators or customers to contact him for professional
> reasons related to ice cream, and if JK happens to be an eccentric ice
> cream
> inventor who talks to nobody, then he would presumably not give such
> consent
> because he truly does not care to be contacted/hired.
> 
> 

Absolutely - yes. Many possible mechanisms for advertising consent
before the fact.







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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
To: "Dave Crocker"  <dhc@dcrocker.net>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 20:43:55 +0000

> Given that this is a technical research body, how does one go about
> offering that consent, in a service with 100 million participants, and
> how does one enforce it?
> 

The group has a charter to which it's profitable to refer from time to time
(I'd say). I'm sure working up a mechanism for expressing consent (here I
go again) will be difficult - but I think it's a job for the group. It's
fairly easy to envisage consent expression propagating up to the ISP or MTA
(from individual users) enabling consent to be consulted at a single point
for a domain (or set of domains). As for enforcing it, it's not clear
that's a purely technical problem.

 




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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 12:51:34 -0800


Is RCPT TO bundling (the ability to have multiple RCPT TOs in a single
envelope) necessary for the proposed solution, or can (not should) we
drop that allowance and thus exploit VERP-like mechanics?

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
To: "John R Levine"  <johnl@iecc.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 20:55:35 +0000

>> >Hmmn.  Is this message spam?  I don't have any consent from you on
>> >file.
>>
>> The message of of itself fits the definition. However, it has a context
>(is
>> part of an ongoing communication with a list - and within the declared
>> ambit of the list) such that it's probably not reasonable to consider it
>> "spam".
>
>
>I find it hard to think of any circumstance where it's useful to consider
>a one-to-one message to be spam.  It may be annoying for some other
>reason, but without bulk, there's no spam problem.
>

I'm the naked man in a glass room - I have no way of knowing how many
recipients the message has. I can never know I've been spammed?

Next!






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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam 
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 12:56:20 -0800

On Sat, 29 Mar 2003 20:43:55 +0000 
Jon Kyme <jrk@merseymail.com> wrote:

> I'm sure working up a mechanism for expressing consent (here I go
> again) will be difficult - but I think it's a job for the group. It's
> fairly easy to envisage consent expression propagating up to the ISP
> or MTA (from individual users) enabling consent to be consulted at a
> single point for a domain (or set of domains). 

Is there a driving need for the consent acquisition process to be both
synchronous and fast?  What if it were asynchronous with few guarantees
on reply latency?

> As for enforcing it, it's not clear that's a purely technical problem.

Quite.  I tend to see the primary problem as one of making the Bad Guys
more like misguided Good Guys who can be accurately targeted and whacked
via appropriate real world means.  Solving what in essence are social
behavioral problems via protocol design is a much bigger ticket that I'm
not sure is possible.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 21:03:12 +0000

>naked man ? glass room ?

That last glass of wine may have been too much - 

apologies.




--
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 16:03:51 -0500


>                     ... consent expression propagating up to the ISP or MTA
> (from individual users) enabling consent to be consulted at a single point
> for a domain (or set of domains) ...

There exists a grammer, for the purpose (pardon the double ententdre)
of expressing the purpose of endpoint identifier data.

Coincidently, this grammer contains mechanisms for expressing the temporal
property of an instance of policy, as well as the temporal property of the
policied data, 

It contains other constructs that may be relevant, or not.

The awkward bit, I suspect, is that the grammer describes data collection,
by collectors, not data surrender, by surrenderers. In any event, it can
not be used by this group.

Eric
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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 07:07:22 +1100

At 14:53 29/03/03 -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>At 12:31 PM -0600 3/29/03, wayne wrote:
>>You can check the archive, but Phillip was the first to call someone
>>"clueless".  I think you analogy would be closer to "I assume that if
>
>No.  He called the blacklist of his IP address clueless.

The blacklist is on what is obviously my private domain. It can therefore 
be fairly assumed that *I* put it there. An inanimate thing cannot be 
"clueless", because a label of cluelessness is a comment about knowledge. 
It is necessarily directed at the person who has done the action to put 
that thing in place. This is logic 101 - in fact in a logic course it would 
usually be given as an example of an ad hominem.

--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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On Saturday, March 29, 2003, at 11:53  AM, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> Yes.  This is a bit of Topica sliminess.

My topica amusement came when I signed up for the high volume jamspam 
and posted to it, only to get three (count them) three vacation/OOF 
messages in reply. I was in the middle of a good rant when I stopped to 
check, and sure enough, the topica mail list was missing any precedence 
header at all. So I changed the rant...

(eyes rolling. It's not brain surgery. at least, I don't think so)


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> I have added mailkey.com to my personal blacklist.  I now expect to be
> lectured by Ken about

Oh, great. This place is now a USENET group, and we're having a meta 
fight over kill files.

At the rate this discussion is moving forward, we're about two weeks 
from "Mr. Watson. Come here. I need you"

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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: Jon Kyme <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: John R Levine <johnl@iecc.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 13:44:40 -0800

On Sat, Mar 29, 2003 at 08:55:35PM +0000, Jon Kyme wrote:
> I'm the naked man in a glass room - I have no way of knowing how many
> recipients the message has. I can never know I've been spammed?
> 
> Next!

Really?   I must say I have the exact opposite experience.  Almost never
to I get a spam that I can't immediately identify that it was not written
personally for me.   That alone of course doesn't prove that it's bulk
but it's a remarkably accurate indicator.

If you are building a bulk detector to prove bulk (for example to enforce
a legal regime) the next step is fairly obvious -- forward any messages
you get which _look_ to your fairly accurate intuition as bulk to a common
spot, where messages that meet similarity metrics can easily be pooled for
confirmation.

Of course, that's only if you want to do things based on individual action.
Clearly the mail servers for a large body of users can detect bulk the old
fashioned way, but getting multiple messages.  Brightmail has hundreds of
thousands of spamtraps, and detects bulk that way (but also just uses the
old fashioned human inspection trick on messages that come to the traps too)

And as I have proposed, a set of MXs representing millions of users and pooling
data can easily detect bulk by simply looking at delivery volume from network
blocks, no need to even look at the content.   


To my mind, trying to figure if a message was written for me, or is part of
a mass mailing, is remarkably easy and accurate.  I would be curious to hear
if others have had trouble doing so as Mr. Kyme appears to report.
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 13:51:51 -0800

> No.  He called the blacklist of his IP address clueless.  

Actually I called the architecture which causes mail to be
bounced even though the recipient had just sent an email
TO the same address to be clueless. 

And in point of fact, Troy initiated the insults with his
deliberately insulting bounce message. A response to someone
that you have just sent mail to is NOT spam, if you send
a message to someone you implicitly solicit a reply, end
of argument.

If Alice sends an email to Bob, Alice should be able to 
recieve the reply without any further intervention. THAT
is the part of the architecture that is 'clueless'. The 
reason for the blacklisting is irrelevant, Troy has sent
five emails to my _personal_ email inbox but does not feel 
inclined to accept mail from me. I doubt that most people
whose email is blacklisted would have the same attitude
and if their ISP unilatterally introduced a blocking system
of that sort would consider it unacceptable.

It is not that difficult to fix, but it does require a 
more sophisticated conection between the email client
and the email server than we have today. In particular
the email client needs to be able to direct the filtering
of mail as it is downloaded, or the server needs to tag the
email in a standardized form the client can act on.

Exchange has some of these mail handling semantics, but
they are a holdover from the X.400 core of Exchange 5.5.
They are not Internet standards (yet).

I don't see any reason not to fix problems like this 
when it is easy and simple to do so.

		Phill
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> The blacklist is on what is obviously my private domain. It 
> can therefore 
> be fairly assumed that *I* put it there. An inanimate thing cannot be 
> "clueless", because a label of cluelessness is a comment 
> about knowledge. 
> It is necessarily directed at the person who has done the 
> action to put 
> that thing in place. This is logic 101 - in fact in a logic 
> course it would 
> usually be given as an example of an ad hominem.

First off, ad hominem is not a necessarily invalid line of 
argument, as in 'the claims made by XYZ cannot be believed,
he is a known liar and a very bad man'. Ad Hominem was and
is accepted as a valid argument for accepting purely factual
statements that cannot be assesed in any other way. Read
any historical text and you will see one ad hominem argument
after another.

Secondly, yes inaniate objects can be described as clueless.
Most inanimate objects are clueless. In this case I ascribed
the cluelessness to the email architecture that divides the 
client and server operations in a way that neither has 
sufficient information to operate correctly. 

		Phill


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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Jon,

>> Not that it's a solution, but it seems such a person could give blanket
>> consent
>> for potential collaborators or customers to contact him for professional
>> reasons related to ice cream, and if JK happens to be an eccentric ice
>> cream
>> inventor who talks to nobody, then he would presumably not give such
>> consent
>> because he truly does not care to be contacted/hired.

JK> Absolutely - yes. Many possible mechanisms for advertising consent
JK> before the fact.


This is a technical forum. Please list any of the technical mechanisms
that are reasonable candidates for use, in an environment with 100
million users and tens or hundreds of thousands of independent
administrative localities.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 08:30:10 +1100

At 05:15 29/03/03 -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>Since you are presenting yourself as the self appointed 'executive
>director' of what purports to be an international lobbying group
>on the subject

Clue 1: I was not self-appointed. I was asked to fill the role - I'd rather 
somebody else have done it, but so be it. In fact I'm pretty sure the 
constitution on the web site explains how the appointment is made. (By the 
way, I only include that information in my signature here for context and 
disclosure).

>  you might want to think about your obnoxious
>behavior.

Clue 2: Glass houses. (Actually I figured this was why you didn't call me 
rude to begin with, but I guess you're less enlightened about yourself than 
I previously thought - at least I *know* I'm rude at times).

>In particular you might just find that the people you
>are needlessly antagonizing might have some influence.

Clue 3: Don't overestimate your own importance.

>Hint, who
>do you think had the idea of a Whitehouse web site in the first
>place?

Clue 4: Who cares? Namedropping is the last refuge of the insecure and 
self-important, but of course I didn't need you to do this to realise this 
about you, since you have also been known use membership affiliation 
letters after your name, which is a similar indicator.

> >Furthermore, he consistently pushes as "the only solution",
> > something that
> > would (if it were even a desirable approach or possible to implement)
> > generate more revenue for his employer.

>Completely untrue, I have pushed every solution except for those
>that create as many problems as they try to solve.

I apologise for saying that you were pushing this as the "only" solution - 
it was based on a single statement of yours that, when viewed in the 
context of the whole, has a different character to my initial take. However 
I do think the substance is fair in that you do seem to turn up on mailing 
lists whenever there is the possibility of profit to your employer to 
promote solutions that would yield that profit. This behaviour would not be 
inconsistent with the belief that part of your job description is to do 
exactly that.

In fact you have even used marketing speak - about the "reasonable rates" 
Verisign offers.

>... Troy initiated the insults with his
>deliberately insulting bounce message...

I'm sorry you feel personally slighted by a bounce message that relates to 
your domain being a repeated source of spam, but I fail to understand 
taking offence at an automated message which, in 99.9% of cases it would 
have been activated, is entirely accurate.

>...The
>reason for the blacklisting is irrelevant, Troy has sent
>five emails to my _personal_ email inbox but does not feel
>inclined to accept mail from me.

That's rude, not clueless. I admit to being rude, deal with it.

In any event, I try to avoid off-list copies unless:

         (1) the message I am replying to had off-list copies; and
         (2) The message retains some relevance to the people who
             are being copied.

Of course this doesn't always occur, but I wouldn't interpret the sending 
of a private copy of an on-list message to mean any personal intention to 
send a private copy.

>Secondly, yes inaniate objects can be described as clueless.
>Most inanimate objects are clueless.

If you want to travel down that path, all inanimate objects are clueless, 
so the comment is utterly redundant unless intended to be directed at the 
most proximate human actor.

>Ad Hominem was and
>is accepted as a valid argument for accepting purely factual
>statements that cannot be assesed in any other way.

True, however yours was not such a case.

Kee Hinkley wrote:
>Since you obviously don't give a damn as to whether Phillip has anything 
>worthwhile to say--being blinded by the twelve letters to the left of his 
>at-sign.

Actually, I have been (to the degree reasonable on such a high volume list) 
paying attention to what he has to say. However I assume that if he has 
something to say that is worth reading it will be said on-list.

>I'd consider the motive of earning money for Verisign--even if 
>true--potentially far more compatible with the goals of this list than yours.

Well there we'll have to differ - like many, I consider anything that gives 
more power (or even revenue) to Verisign is a bad thing.

But of course I also consider anything that sacrifices the availability of 
anonymity in email to be a bad thing.
--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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To: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>, "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 17:30:20 -0500

At 14:20 -0800 3/29/03, Dave Crocker wrote:
>Jon,
>
>>>  Not that it's a solution, but it seems such a person could give blanket
>>>  consent
>>>  for potential collaborators or customers to contact him for professional
>>>  reasons related to ice cream, and if JK happens to be an eccentric ice
>>>  cream
>>>  inventor who talks to nobody, then he would presumably not give such
>>>  consent
>>>  because he truly does not care to be contacted/hired.
>
>JK> Absolutely - yes. Many possible mechanisms for advertising consent
>JK> before the fact.
>
>This is a technical forum. Please list any of the technical mechanisms
>that are reasonable candidates for use, in an environment with 100
>million users and tens or hundreds of thousands of independent
>administrative localities.

These sorts of minute-by-minute challenges are unlikely to lead to anything
useful. Why can't you just say that if someone wants to promote the idea
of a consent mechanism, that they should announce a research thread and
pursue it.

I'm not going to sit here and pretend that I can answer an old question with
a few minutes of head-scratching just because someone has thrown down 
the gauntlet.

I'm not particularly interested in the topic, however I do seem to 
subscribe to a more wide
interpretation of "consent" than you do... As I mentioned earlier, 
consent is already
implied in the acceptance or rejection of mail at every step of the 
process already.
Perhaps the small "consent" steps that exist now can be better 
formalized to at least
provide more consistent results than are achieved now in a manner 
that does not require
every last mailer on the net to be on board to work. I don't know, 
really... research
and experimentation might tell us something about that. arguing about 
it probably won't.
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 14:54:11 -0800


Once again, let me state that I doubt anybody cares who insulted who
first in a flamewar.   The rule for flamewars is very simple.  It takes
two to tango.  If one person tries a flamewar on his own, I find that
usually he gives up or people killfile/block him.

If somebody insults you rather than addressing factual arguments, just
let it go.  Really.   It's amazing how well this works.  I know it's
hard to do.  I know it's hard to stay perfect at it, so I don't expect
you to manage every time.  But please, manage most of the time.

When somebody posts an ad hominem, I think less of the _poster_, not the
target.  I only start thinking less of the target if the target responds.
There is no debate to be had when it gets personal, no point which will
be settled.

Just walk away.  This is an IETF list, so we can't bounce people for
responding to flames, but sometimes I sure wish we could. 

Yes, it's hard.  Respond to the flamer in e-mail if this will satisfy
you somehow.   If they block your email then the world will live if
you don't e-mail them.  Get on with the facts.

"But I have to correct false accusations!" you might say.  Well, you
actually don't.  We're really a lot smarter than we look.  We can tell
a smear when we see it.   If somebody politely calls you a pig fucker,
then you can politely deny it, but if he jumps up and down and calls
you that, trust us, we don't give it any credit.

Please don't tell us who started it.  It only makes us think less of
you.


Let's get back to engineering problems:

    a) Refine and agree on the statement of the problem.
    b) Refine and agree on goals to solve the problem and metrics to
       determine success
    c) Refine and agree on technical and philosophical constraints on
       solutions.
    d) Propose and test solutions to the problem
    e) Evaluate how well they solve the problem and fit the constraints.
    f) ...
    g) Profit!
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To: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>
cc: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>,
        Kaitlin Duck Sherwood <ducky@osafoundation.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] email pull (was RE: Authentication )
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   of "Wed, 26 Mar 2003 11:23:18 PST." <6662ECE6-5FC0-11D7-83EE-0003934516A8@plaidworks.com>
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From: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 14:54:23 -0800

On Wed, 26 Mar 2003 11:23:18 -0800
Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com> wrote:
> On Wednesday, March 26, 2003, at 10:29 AM, Matt Sergeant wrote:

>>> Q: Okay, what's the idea?  A: Add something RSS-like to email
>>> clients, where the client occasionally (and infrequently) polls
>>> "subscribed" sites for new content

>> Hopefully Richard Bliss might not mind the credit for this idea going
>> elsewhere... http://www.newsgator.com/ (and that's probably not the
>> first implementation - just a very nice looking one).

> It's not. Credit for RSS stuff probably circles back to Dave Winer,
> among others. But the blogs have taken RSS onto their own, and a bunch
> of folks are doing interesting things with RSS and that enables people
> to do nice things with RSS aggregators. it's just starting to peek
> over the horizon for most folks, but it's been building for a year or
> more. Fascinating stuff.

Absolutely.  I'm using Aaron's rss2email setup (as locally hacked) to
dump RSS feeds into my mail spool and thus thru procmail for key
word/signal/interest/etc filing.  Very neat stuff.

> It helps mitigate one of my biggest gripes about the high volume
> discussion list, as well as enable people to keep an eye on what I
> call "2nd tier" lists -- the interruption of e-mail being a push
> technology, and the reality that most e-mail lists don't warrant being
> pushed into people's eyeballs. With RSS, people can choose to pull
> things on their schedule. Ultimately, I hope/expect the two
> technologies to merge to allow people to manage their information
> streams to their preferences.

I view this not as a transport problem, but a filtering and presentation
problem.  It doesn't matter how or when the data gets to my system in
general terms, it matters how and when it is brought to my attention,
and what tools I have to readily pace and present that data to me.

Computers have all the time in the world and utter freedom to handle
scheduling asynchronously from me.  I see no reason I need to build
automated systems wrapped around my archaic notions of time when that's
a UI/presentation/MVC problem.

>> I think it's an excellent idea, but not something we can force on
>> list sources. It's also worth noting that it's only for one-way
>> communication, so it doesn't help mailing lists.

> Oh, sure it does. A bunch of us on the mailman dev lists hashed out
> this stuff months ago, and one of us (out of the foxhole, Lawrence)
> actually went an implemented a system that seems really pretty
> good.

Eeek!

> With Mailman as your email core, and web archives (based around
> MHonarc) and RSS, you have a nice distribution setup. He then grafted
> TDMA onto the front end, effectively whitelisting all of his mail
> lists. So on the return mail, you can either subscribe, or you can go
> through a challenge/response to get your message posted.

Some rapid high points, if you want details, ask:

  1) Lists are run thru Mailman.  This is significant only in the degree
  and extent that TMDA directly supports reading Mailman subscriber
  lists.

  2) List traffic is archived via MHonArc which generates PHP pages (see
  http://www.kanga.nu/archives/) The PHP pages have a reply feature
  which generates messages with proper In-Reply-To and References
  headers, as well as properly quoted messages bodies.  See:
  http://www.kanga.nu/archives/Meta-L/2001Q2/msg00134.php for an example
  of a message written this way.

  3) TMDA is setup in front of all lists, and all role addresses, using
  the subscriber rosters for the lists as de facto whitelists.  TMDA
  then passes all subscriber mails straight thru to the list, but mail
  from non-subscribers is held until confirmed (at which point you can
  whitelist or not).

Results:

  No more problems with posters from non-subscribed addresses.  They
  have a subscription to _GET_ mail and to define an allowed posting
  address.  They can (trivially) define additional allowed posting
  addresses by just posting from them and confirming the post to get on
  the whitelist.  You're now essentially back in the old days of the
  1980s when we could safely run open lists.

  Almost all SPAM disappears. They don't confirm.  How much is all?  I
  used to get 50+ spam per day per role address, and that's not counting
  virus mail.  Since installing this TMDA-based system its down to
  single digits in the last year for spam and virus mail together for
  ALL my role addresses combined..

> either way, no spam, no moderator intervention, and users don't have
> to go through the hassle of subscribing to post occasionally,
> especially if they read it via RSS or web.

I haven't yet exported my list archives as an RSS feed.  That's coming.
The current approach which is still in dev is:

  Mailman list gated bi-directionally to moderated local newsgroup.

  NNTP access is available with the spool containing the entire history
  of the list (list members who want to data mine love this idea)

  TMDA in front of the lists and inn2 etc as above.

  Searchable web archives of newsgroup ala GMane (well, different
  implementation).

  Posting from web archives ala above.

  Export of web archives via RSS/RDF with built-in URLs to the Reply-To
  pages on the web archives.

Something I'm currently actively considering doing is having a
TMDA-filter in front of inn2 and rewriting all messages as they are
requested.  Background:

  TMDA allows for a number of special address types, the most useful of
  which (for me) are:

    -- Dated addresses which work for only a defined period, after which
    they fall back to confirmation required, or auto-discard.

    -- Sender addresses which work only for the specified sender address
    after which they fall back to confirmation required or auto-discard.

What I'm considering is using TMDA to generate dated addresses to
replace all the email addresses in messages at request time (leaving
GECOS fields intact).  The dated addresses would then auto-forward to
the original address within the date rage, and drop back to confirmation
required outside the date range.

> It was one of the things that started changing my mindset on
> whitelists, seeing how they could really enable open but secure
> communication channels without the increasingly bizarre "anti spam"
> restrictions us mail-list geeks have been coming up with to try to
> keep the spammers at bay.

I have a couple thousand list members that have been subjected to my
experiments with TMDA.  As they are primarily online game designers,
they're a rather technically savvy audience, even if not a terribly
Internet or email savvy group.  In the last year plus since deploying
the above (not the rewrites, the list fronting etc) I've had zero
complaints or accusations of its being too complex, too invasive, too
confusing, or too difficult.  In fact, I've received multiple
compliments, especially from my less technical members as to how easy
and obvious the process is.

Background stats for the last year plus:

  To date I've had ~40 addresses confirm thru TMDA.

  8 valid posts from 7 different addresses were not confirmed.
  Breakdown:

    -- Four reposted their messages from already
    confirmed/subscribed addresses.

    -- In one case a misconfigured mail systems at his ISP put an
    invalid Return-Path on his messages so the TMDA confirmation queries
    bounded.

    -- One stated that he'd reconsidered his message after reading it in
    the confirmation request, and had decided to not post it.

    -- In the final case the domain fell off the net before I was able
    to query/investigate.

  Almost a dozen members have exclaimed at various lengths how easy,
  simple, etc the system was (a few had previously stated how concerned
  they were by it -- none that had expressed such a prior concern,
  didn't also exclaim its simplicity and ease).

  Total number of spam and virus email caught by the system in the last
  year without human intervention or attention: more than 130,000.

  Total number of spammers who successfully confirmed thru TMDA: One.
  To handle I merely moved her address (richannm@attbi.com for those
  interested) from the whitelist to the blacklist.

> Using TDMA basically kills any chance of forged header mail getting
> through, so suddenly, your armed camp of a mail list doesn't need all
> that barbed wire any more.

This is partially due to TMDA authenticating on envelope AND From:.

> there was some talk of adding these features to Mailman down the road,
> but it's still in talk stage. But he's got it up and running, and it
> works, and one of these days, I plan on going down that same path.

Those that want to experiment I run a list expressly for this purpose:
test@kanga.nu.  Email there and you'll receive a confirmation message
etc.

> It really shows what whitelists can do once you get over the "how dare
> you ask ME for ID?" mental state -- and yes, it took me a while to get
> over it, too... But once I did, I realized whitelists could make
> various aspects of life much easier on all side, especially compared
> to fuzzy gif schemes and all that other stuff.

<nod> I don't like non-automatic whitelist methods for interpersonal
mail.  Making sure that my message gets thru to JoeBlow in general is
just not that important to me.  However for discussion groups and more
formalised settings its very much worth it to me.  I want that message
to get to the list, and thus the list populace, while I may not care in
particular whether that weird Chuq guy gets it or not.

That's one of the reason I'd like to see a recipient-specific MUA and
MTA agnostic consent token system which allows revocation without sender
consent.  That's one of the reasons I asked the RCPT TO bundling
question.  If we drop RCPT TO bundling and use TMDA-like sender-specific
consent tokens which have to be expressed in a mail header for automatic
receipt...

  Think about it.  The subscription handshake with a list or marketing
  division automatically acquires and maintains the consent token.  The
  recipient can at any time revoke the token, or any tokens relating to
  a sender address.  Tokens can be date limited and can automagically be
  updated/renewed by the same acquisition method, etc etc etc. All
  that's needed is a little bit of email robot support in the MUA,
  perhaps some complicity from the LDA and/or MTA for efficiency, and
  some not-very-hard UI work for the users.

The other thing I'd like to see is a way to make the Received: header
trail validly auditable, but I haven't finished working that idea thru
my noggin yet.  However, were it done and sufficiently widely deployed
it would effectively identify the sources of spam (in the network sense)
for appropriate real-world targeting (I don't believe that spam can be
handled with purely technical solutions as the definition of spam is
explicitly subjective).

> Lawrence, want to explain your stuff in more detail and point people
> at where they can find out more?

Err, umm, as in more than the above?  There's a HOWTO I wrote which is
in the Mailman user FAQ (http://www.python.org/cgi-bin/faqw-mm.py) which
I think got picked up by the TMDA FAQ as well (haven't checked), my
MHonArc RCs, scripts and PHP bits are available at ftp.kanga.nu, and
err, my consulting rates are reasonable and I'm susceptible to flattery.

-- 
J C Lawrence
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas.
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces 
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 15:00:19 -0800

On Sun, 30 Mar 2003 08:30:10 +1100 
Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name> wrote:

> But of course I also consider anything that sacrifices the
> availability of anonymity in email to be a bad thing.

Please clarify.  Do you limit that to human identity, or both human and
network identity?  

I largely suspect that the problem per se can't be handled until/unless
we have full audit trails which can be tracked backward to the point
where a given message entered the "mail network".  The trust metrics
involved can be pretty soft -- the primary NO GO zone for me is removing
the autonomous decentralised peer-to-peer nature of SMTP, or its
store-and-forward characteristics.  I'd like to preserve deliberate
anonymity, but I'm willing for those cases to be clearly visible (big
flashing neon signs, "THE AUTHOR MADE THIS ANONYMOUS" etc).

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces
References: <p06000d36baab133c53bc@[192.168.1.104]>
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 16:17:55 -0700 (MST)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> ...
> Sorry.  I don't buy it.  When you sign up for the list, you sign up 
> for conversations with people on the list.  Those conversations may 
> be on the list, off the list or (more likely) both.  We are here 
> having this discussion because we want to *preserve* this aspect of 
> email--not destroy it. Everyone else whose anti-spam solutions have 
> interfered with the operation of this list has managed to fix the 
> problem or leave.  If you're truly looking for solutions, please have 
> the courtesy of doing the same.
> ...

NO!

Your reasoning would require removal of blocks against Cyberpromo and Alan
Ralsky's many domains should Spamford or Ralsky subscribe to this list.

When I sign up to any source of bulk mail, I only sign up for that
particular stream of mail from that particular source.  I do not sign
up for anything else, no matter what any third party might think, even
if that third party provides content that is published in the list.

When I give a comemrcial outfit permission to send me mail, I don't
give permission to all of their suppliers to contact me.

Subscribing to a newsletter does not give all advertisers and contributors
to the newsletter the right to contact you "privately."


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 09:20:28 +1100

At 15:00 29/03/03 -0800, J C Lawrence wrote:
>On Sun, 30 Mar 2003 08:30:10 +1100
>Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name> wrote:
>
> > But of course I also consider anything that sacrifices the
> > availability of anonymity in email to be a bad thing.
>
>Please clarify.  Do you limit that to human identity, or both human and
>network identity?

That would be human identity - network anonymity is (currently) problematic 
except in reasonably controlled situations (like anonymous relays, which 
can deal with the worst of the problems, but tend to be inconvenient for 
casual use).

Having said that, it may be that as things progress and it becomes more 
common for the network identity to be capable of being associated with the 
human identity, then this needs to be also capable of being treated 
anonymously, or at least of limiting the externally visible identity so 
that a person is identifiable only as somebody in a reasonably large group.
--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200303292339.h2TNdAPR006566@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Is Tim@mailkey.com spamming?
References: <x4znneqa0d.fsf@footbone.midwestcs.com>
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 16:39:10 -0700 (MST)

> From: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>

> ...
> Is tim@mailkey.com spamming people?
>
> Are we, by all subscribing to this list, consenting to email from
> others who are on this list?
>
> All of the emails from tim@mailkey.com are slightly different, so do
> they count as bulk?
>
> Are these messages commercial?

Some commentators to the contrary, "commercial" is not a suitable part
of any definition of "spam" that the IETF/IRTF can consider, because
it is impossible for computers or even people to consistently decide
whether a message is "commercial."

The word "spam" is also not useful, because it is impossible to
get the world to agree on a definition.

However, the messags from tim@mailkey.com are clearly both unsolicited
and bulk.  

Because I've white-listed this mailing list, I've had to take other
steps to deal with the tim@mailkey.com UBE.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces 
In-Reply-To: Message from Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
   of "Sat, 29 Mar 2003 16:17:55 MST." <200303292317.h2TNHtAA004857@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
References: <p06000d36baab133c53bc@[192.168.1.104]>  <200303292317.h2TNHtAA004857@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 15:43:19 -0800

On Sat, 29 Mar 2003 16:17:55 -0700 (MST) 
Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:

> When I sign up to any source of bulk mail, I only sign up for that
> particular stream of mail from that particular source.  I do not sign
> up for anything else, no matter what any third party might think, even
> if that third party provides content that is published in the list.

While that may be what you intend to do, that is not apparent from your
actions, and even more so, that is not implied by the information you
reveal should you post to that list.  This is simple information theory
stuff.

In the general case when you post to the forum you reveal yourself,
willy nilly, to all the members of that forum at that time, and (very
likely) everybody who may every find or discover that forum for the rest
of time (archives and associative bleed being what they are).  Those are
the explicit audiences to whom you've provided your contact data.  If
that doesn't describe what you want to do, then DON'T DO THAT.
Attempting to retroactively assign riders or etiquette contracts
regarding your provided data is unlikely to work.

If that's really what you want to do, then participate via a contract
address that is limited to the sender of that forum (eg a TMDA sender
address).  Then the data you reveal matches the contract you wish that
data used under.
  
  Note: Such an approach makes it difficult to fork a thread off-list.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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AMEN - a kick-start from Brad.

On Friday, March 28, 2003 4:25 PM, Brad Templeton [SMTP:brad@templetons.com] 
wrote:
There are many components in the various definitions of spam out there, and
proposals can be created to deal with these sub-components, and thus become
tools for people to build tools to attack their vision of what spam is. 
 Amongst
those sub components are:
		Bulk(volume) vs. Person to Person
		Subscribed (Explicitly, directly solicited) vs. Unsubscribed
		Reply vs. Origination
		Existing Relationship vs. Stranger
These are all components of spam definitions which we can work with without
laying down a spam definition.   Some other components much harder to define 
are:
		Parameters of implicit solicitation
		Degrees of existing relationship

Now this was presented as an argument for why we can't define 'spam' but I 
think it is these terms exactly that must be defined to get to a workable 
solution.

-e

On Saturday, March 29, 2003 12:33 AM, Dave Crocker [SMTP:dhc@dcrocker.net] 
wrote:
> Folks,
>
> This groups needs to settle on a single, precise, operational definition
> of "spam".  A definition that permits objective, reliable tests for
> qualification.
>
> We might or might not be able to get software to make that assessment,
> but it at least needs to satisfy what the courts call objective.
>
> Unless and until we start treating this topic as a technical activity,
> we are certain to make no progress, and to consume quite a bit of
> bandwidth while doing it.
> d/
> --
>  Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
>  Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
>  Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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All;

I could not agree more with Dave here.  It is difficult to cobble a list of 
requirements and NOT implementation specifics (especially for me ;) concerning 
any solution that may be proposed in this, a multi faceted, problem.  Giving 
some context for the list below before moving forward consider the list a 
paper-man (not even a strawman yet) list of requirements(?) generally intended 
to glean some of the thought processes I have derived from reading previous 
postings after joining the list.

I really appreciate the input, and perhaps for a short time we can marry a 
thread of discussion on the issue of requirements and join that with a critical 
view of the current and on-going research into approaches, while moving 
forward.

I also agree that it is much more granular in some cases or over-reaching in 
others then is required, but as I revise it I hope we can draw some consensus 
on key solution requirements, so the bandwidth of this discussion becomes more 
manageable.  And, yes, hopefully it will give of some basis point of 
origination for evaluating the proposals and whether they meet our consensus 
"model" of a solution.

Some enlightenment on my treatment of this issue.  I will use X.400 
nomenclature to describe the infrastructure components AND some common internet 
application protocol semantics to describe how many of the elements interact 
(e.g. MX, MAIL FROM, etc.) I will attempt not to confuse anyone, I am sure most 
are familiar with these terms.  To wit:

MTA = Message Transfer Agent (classic mail servers, e.g., exim, sendmail, etc.)
MTS = Message Transfer System (the entire infrastructure)
MS  = Message Store (a post office MTA, ok?)
MUA = Mail User Agent (your typical end-user mail software, e.g. Eudora, 
Outlook, Hotmail web app, etc.)

On Saturday, March 29, 2003 12:18 AM, Dave Crocker [SMTP:dhc@dcrocker.net] 
wrote:
>
> The list of requirements reminds me just how difficult it is to write
> requirements.  They need to talk in terms of high-level behavior of the
> system, rather than providing requirements for implementation details.
> Therefore they need to be general.  However if they are too general,
> they have no meaning.
>
> My following comments are not intended to claim or demonstrate that any
> of your suggested requirements are wrong. (In fact, some of the
> questions will seem remarkably basis; that's intentional.) I think your
> list provides a fertile ground for trying to understand what the
> requirements need to achieve, and on what basis:
>
>
> EDW> Requirement 1)  The proposal MUST address the issue of RFC821 [or 
envelope
> EDW> protocol] originating MTA/MUA authenticity.
>
> You wish to have mechanisms for authentication.  Why at the MUA/MTA
> level?  What problem is this solving?  Why at the envelope or transfer
> protocol level, rather than some other, such as content signature?
>
Noted.

Why at the MUA/MTA level? --  What I picked up from the various threads and my 
own experience is that a traditional way of dealing with 'spam' is to attempt 
authentication of the originating/sending MTA or MUA (in the case of MTA/MS 
providers) and block that MTA or MUA from transferring further messages into 
the MTS.  My sense is that the case for many is to review 822 header 
information and attempt to authenticate using that, then establish 
authorization rules, others may attempt some type of reverse address mapping 
authentication on connection to validate stated identity (HELO/EHLO 
server.anywhere.net) and then process authorization based on some rules. 
 Integral to each of these methodologies is some form of authentication of the 
origination point.

What problem is this solving? - The attempt is to solve the problem of forgery 
of origination information so that, in either case, the rules established are 
effective for either MTA or MUA origination.

Why at the envelope or transfer protocol level, rather than some other such as 
content signature? - I agree that this should not be so detailed that it 
describes a method for the process, but it sets a bar on solving the issue at 
the earliest point of entry into the MTS.

Revision: Req. 1) The proposal MUST address the issue of originator or 
originating MTA/MUA authentication.

>
> EDW> Requirement 2) The proposal SHOULD be amenable to legislation, in place 
or
> EDW> pending as close as possible.
>
> As noted, legislation has a minor problem of scope.  US laws will not
> affect a spammer from another country.  To the extent that anyone thinks
> we can enforce the laws of one country on another, we need to assume
> that none of this will happen anytime soon and possibly not in our
> lifetime.  In any event, we again need to state what problem we see this
> as solving and what limitations we expect to encounter.

What problem is this solving? - This requirement attempts to address the issue 
of marrying a technical solution with public policy or community consensus on 
acceptable use.

Revision: Req. 2) The proposal SHOULD be congruent with community consensus on 
acceptable use of the MTS.

>
> EDW> Requirement 3) The proposal MUST provide a flexibility for integration 
with
> EDW> other ANTI-SPAM (UBE/UCE) approaches [it shouldn't break anything].
>
> I have no idea what to do with the requirement, at any practical level.
> There are no standards for email spam suppression, so there is no formal
> basis for knowing what we might break or must not break.

What problem is this solving? - The requirement attempted to address the issue 
of interoperation with other methods that conform with this list of 
requirements.

Revision: Req. 3) Tabled.

> EDW> Requirement 4) The proposal SHOULD provide implementation specifics that
> EDW> address the issues of privacy, security and which reflect end use 
choices, of
> EDW> either providers or users.
>
> Again, I have no idea what any of this means.  I can't even guess how to
> apply it to specific work.

What problem is this solving? - This requirement is for the proposal to provide 
in its description or methodology a 'device' or 'process' that allows user 
control of parameters that govern certain operational aspects such as privacy, 
security.  The parameters could be set either by end users or providers.

Revision: Req. 4) Tabled.

>
> EDW> Requirement 5) The proposal SHOULD/MAY [not sure how strong this would 
be as a
> EDW> requirement] include a mechanism for implementation in messaging relay 
systems
> EDW> (MX hosts), end use 'post offices' (MTAs), and end node mail recipient 
systems
> EDW> (MUAs).  Proposals that include only one of these messaging system 
components
> EDW> MUST include mechanisms for interaction with the other components.
>
> Please clarify what you mean by "a mechanism for implementation in...".
> I am guessing you are looking for a system-wide perspective in any
> specific proposal, but I might be misunderstanding.

What problem is this solving? -  1) We do not want to limit the proposals to a 
total system-wide solution for the problem, so I can change it to an 'either 
this, that, those or all' requirement statement;	2) If a proposal is a good one 
but only for a 'single component' of the messaging system (MTS) then it should 
provide for interfaces to other interoperable solutions (at least on paper for 
a start and from the same requirement framework); 3) A solution may be for core 
components (MTAs) AND also provide a solution set for the final end-user 
component (MUA), BUT not give implementation specifics.  This is what is needed 
I think as a statement to cover those contingencies.

Revision: Req. 5) Proposals that do not cover all components of the MTS MUST 
include an interface description for use of other components.

>
> EDW> Requirement 6) The proposal MAY include a method for extension to or
> EDW> integration with other protocols, e.g. HTTP, that may be used to relay
> EDW> messages.
>
> Why is this a requirement?  What is the concern?
>
What problem is this solving? - None, extensibility to other protocols for MTS 
e.g. MSMQ.

Revision: Req. 6 - moved) Add a 'wish list' as an appendix to the requirements 
list, or as a considerations section.

> EDW> Requirement 7)  The proposal SHOULD describe a working definition of
> EDW> Unsolicited, Solicited, Bulk and other terms used to describe messaging
> EDW> commonly referred to as SPAM.
>
> amen, except that I class precise definitions as a MUST.  right now,
> spam is whatever you choose to define it as, or I choose, or...
>

What problem is this solving? - This attempts to solicit a consensus set of 
semantics to 'SPAM' (which is an archaic term).  I choose the term 'working 
definition' because I think as we converge on precise definitions we may go 
through some changes.  I choose SHOULD because I was using a soft mallet.

Revision: Req. 7) The proposal MUST describe in precise definitions terminology 
used to identify messaging commonly referred to as "SPAM".

Requirement 8) The proposal SHOULD NOT attempt to affect legitimate messaging
system uses for bulk mailing.  [This may also be covered by Req 3 but IMHO,
this is more discreeet in the approach.]

What problem is this solving? - Attempts to address the problems associated 
with legitimate uses of the MTS.  This seems redundant.

Revision: Dropped.

Result from this approach:
Revision: Req. 1) The proposal MUST address the issue of originator or 
originating MTA/MUA authentication.
Revision: Req. 2) The proposal SHOULD be congruent with community consensus on 
acceptable use of the MTS.
Revision: Req. 3) Tabled.
Revision: Req. 4) Tabled.
Revision: Req. 5) Proposals that do not cover all components of the MTS MUST 
include an interface description for use of other components.
Revision: Req. 6 - moved) Add a 'wish list' as an appendix to the requirements 
list, or as a considerations section.
Revision: Req. 7) The proposal MUST describe in precise definitions terminology 
used to identify messaging commonly referred to as "SPAM".
Revision: Req. 8) Dropped - redundant.


>
> d/
> --
>  Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
>  Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
>  Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

Regards,

-e
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Brad Templeton'" <brad@templetons.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] cost vs. benefit
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Thanks for the input Brad.

On Friday, March 28, 2003 4:25 PM, Brad Templeton [SMTP:brad@templetons.com] 
wrote:
> On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 03:11:10PM -0500, Eric D. Williams wrote:
> > Thanks Dave. :-)
> >
> > Requirement 1)  The proposal MUST address the issue of RFC821 [or envelope
> > protocol] originating MTA/MUA authenticity.
>
> Hmm.  I would venture that that is just one tool against spam, and not a
> necessary one.  A working group on email authentication really is an
> independent issue.     I would consider this a MAY, not a MUST.
>
> Again, this is an implementation approach, not a goal.  Or rather, if SMTP
> envelope authentication is a goal in and of itself, it's not a goal of
> this RG, which is researching solutions to the spam problem.
>
> >
> > Requirement 2) The proposal SHOULD be amenable to legislation, in place or
> > pending as close as possible.
>
> Also a MAY.  Legislation is inherently local.  This is an international
> engineering body.   We can provide tools to help a general legislative
> framework where it might exist, but we should not do anything specific to
> local laws like U.S. laws.    And be very wary of "pending" legislation.
> There's always tons of "pending" legislation that doesn't have a snowball's
> chance of passing, and it would be a serious error to design protocols with
> any attention to it.
>
> >
> > Requirement 3) The proposal MUST provide a flexibility for integration with
> >
> > other ANTI-SPAM (UBE/UCE) approaches [it shouldn't break anything].
>
> It is required not to break any existing and adopted RFCs but I can see no
> reason why it should be constrained by various anti-spam tools out there.
> For example, there are now many challenge/response systems out there and I
> fully expect that any effort to standardize such activity (for example a
> new SMTP response) would possibly break some of them.
> >
> > Requirement 4) The proposal SHOULD provide implementation specifics that
> > address the issues of privacy, security and which reflect end use choices,
> > of
> > either providers or users.
>
> Russell is working on a much more detailed list for debate of such goals and
> constraints which I am sure we will go over in detail.
> >
> > Requirement 5) The proposal SHOULD/MAY [not sure how strong this would be 
as
> > a
> > requirement] include a mechanism for implementation in messaging relay
> > systems
> > (MX hosts), end use 'post offices' (MTAs), and end node mail recipient
> > systems
> > (MUAs).  Proposals that include only one of these messaging system
> > components
> > MUST include mechanisms for interaction with the other components.
>
> You're getting way to deep into implementation details for a statement of
> goals.
>
> The broad goal is that whatever is proposed should work within the context
> of existing mail transport mechanisms (which of course include MUAs, MTAs,
> outgoing relays and incoming relays)
> >
> > Requirement 6) The proposal MAY include a method for extension to or
> > integration with other protocols, e.g. HTTP, that may be used to relay
> > messages.
>
> Not sure what you are mean here.   We MAY propose any system that will
> address
> the spam problem, of course.  IS there something specific about HTTP you have
> in mind.
> >
> > Requirement 7)  The proposal SHOULD describe a working definition of
> > Unsolicited, Solicited, Bulk and other terms used to describe messaging
> > commonly referred to as SPAM.
>
> An important goal for some applications, though based on experience, not one
> I think we'll accomplish.
>
> Indeed, any proposal that is of the form, "Mail which meets the [definition
> of
> spam] shall do this, or shall not do that" needs such a definition.
>
> Proposals that instead rely simply on new rules for bulk mail (which I think
> we can successfully define) could exist without a definition of spam itself.
>
> There are many components in the various definitions of spam out there, and
> proposals can be created to deal with these sub-components, and thus become
> tools for people to build tools to attack their vision of what spam is.
>  Amongst
> those sub components are:
> 		Bulk(volume) vs. Person to Person
> 		Subscribed (Explicitly, directly solicited) vs. Unsubscribed
> 		Reply vs. Origination
> 		Existing Relationship vs. Stranger
> These are all components of spam definitions which we can work with without
> laying down a spam definition.   Some other components much harder to define
> are:
> 		Parameters of implicit solicitation
> 		Degrees of existing relationship
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
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On Wednesday, Mar 26, 2003, at 21:16 US/Eastern, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 8:54 PM -0500 3/26/03, mathew wrote:
>> This goes back to the suggestion from myself and others, earlier on.
>>
>> Once you've moved the mailing list traffic to an RSS-like "pull" 
>> system, you take the next step, and move all e-mail traffic to it.
>>
>> Now for someone to send you e-mail, they send you the bare URL of 
>> their RSS feed from them to you.
>
> Pull is a great idea, and if we can persuade mailing list operators to 
> offer it as a choice, that's great.
>
> But it's not email.  It doesn't have a number of the necessary 
> attributes for person-to-person email.
> - it requires a server that is up all the time

So does conventional e-mail. With current e-mail systems, I fail to get 
the mail if my messaging server (at my ISP) is down. With e-mail pull, 
I fail to get the mail if the sender's messaging server (at his ISP) is 
down. In addition, I won't get mail from people I don't know that I 
need to poll unless my messaging server at my ISP is up. A small 
tradeoff in reliability, but one I think I'd take to cut spam.

I mean, the web often requires that both my ISP and the appropriate web 
site have their servers operational when I want to read a web page. Yet 
people still use the web.

> - it requires storing outgoing email for an indefinite amount of time

The current system requires storing incoming e-mail for an indefinite 
amount of time.

Both of these are the whole point of the system. The whole idea is to 
move the storage, uptime and network requirements to the sender's 
messaging server, so that it's easier to take action against abuse, and 
so that server operators suffer direct consequences if they fail to 
secure their systems.

> - it completely the destroys the go-online, fetch, go-offline model

Not really. It just means that my mail client would go online, fetch my 
e-mail from a dozen different systems instead of just one, then 
disconnect.


mathew

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To: Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Anonymity 
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   of "Sun, 30 Mar 2003 09:20:28 +1100." <4.3.1.2.20030330091417.026b8e80@mail> 
References: <Message from Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name> <4.3.1.2.20030330070859.026a4a60@> <4.3.1.2.20030330070859.026a4a60@>  <4.3.1.2.20030330091417.026b8e80@mail> 
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On Sun, 30 Mar 2003 09:20:28 +1100 
Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name> wrote:
> At 15:00 29/03/03 -0800, J C Lawrence wrote:
>> On Sun, 30 Mar 2003 08:30:10 +1100 Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name>
>> wrote:
 
>>> But of course I also consider anything that sacrifices the 
>>> availability of anonymity in email to be a bad thing.
 
>> Please clarify.  Do you limit that to human identity, or both human
>> and network identity?

> That would be human identity - network anonymity is (currently)
> problematic except in reasonably controlled situations (like anonymous
> relays, which can deal with the worst of the problems, but tend to be
> inconvenient for casual use).

Gotcha.

> Having said that, it may be that as things progress and it becomes
> more common for the network identity to be capable of being associated
> with the human identity, then this needs to be also capable of being
> treated anonymously, or at least of limiting the externally visible
> identity so that a person is identifiable only as somebody in a
> reasonably large group.

Okay, so at what level do those anonymising methods need to be
implemented?  Should they be generic and wide spread, endemic to the
protocol stack as it were (and is now), or, like for instance the
current mixmaster setup, is it acceptable if there is a fairly limited
number of methods of anonymising mail, which requires some hoop jumping,
but if those hoops are jumped the mail is efficiently (and obviously)
anonymous?

My temptation is to make anonymous mail difficult but not impossible,
and in particular to explicitly limit the number of vectors by which
anonymous mail can enter the network while being recognised as,
"acceptable".  More simply I suspect it would be a Good Thing if we
removed (almost) all possibility of accidental/unintentional anonymous
mail, leaving the forms that are truly anonymous both deliberate and
limited.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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On Friday, Mar 28, 2003, at 10:39 US/Eastern, David F. Skoll wrote:
> 1 - NastySpammer sends millions of connections from thousands of 0wned 
> hosts, and suddenly poor victim gets a DDoS from all the callbacks 
> from hosts attempting to receive the purported mail.

That's really no different from the same person having the 0wned hosts 
directly DDoS the victim, or having the 0wned hosts send out ping 
packets with the victim's IP address. Already illegal most places, and 
the spammer already has the capability, so the proposal isn't making 
anything worse.

I think that objecting to a proposal because it allows bad guys to 
mount an attack they can already mount is a bit nit-picky.


mathew

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On Saturday, Mar 29, 2003, at 00:48 US/Eastern, Troy Rollo wrote:
> My domain, my rules. I don't want email from Versign, period. List 
> traffic - on list traffic, is an exception, primarily because it isn't 
> affected by the same rules, but also for other reasons.

Well, that's all fine, and I think that Verisign sucks too... However, 
do you really not see how perverse it is to send personal e-mail to 
people at Verisign, when you've already decided that you don't want to 
hear from them, and when any e-mail that comes from them will only 
annoy you?

The whole idea of putting someone in a spam filter and then continuing 
to e-mail him is just silly. It's like kids in a playground shouting 
insults and then sticking their fingers in their ears and saying "Nyaah 
nyaah nyaah can't hear you!"


mathew

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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 18:47:39 -0700 (MST)

> From: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>

> > When I sign up to any source of bulk mail, I only sign up for that
> > particular stream of mail from that particular source.  I do not sign
> > up for anything else, no matter what any third party might think, even
> > if that third party provides content that is published in the list.
>
> While that may be what you intend to do, that is not apparent from your
> actions, and even more so, that is not implied by the information you
> reveal should you post to that list.  This is simple information theory
> stuff.

"Information theory stuff" is stuff and nonsense in this context.  If
you want to talk about Shannon's work and so forth, we could, but such
talk would have nothing to do with the charter of this mailing list
or this digression.

> In the general case when you post to the forum you reveal yourself,
> willy nilly, to all the members of that forum at that time, and (very
> likely) everybody who may every find or discover that forum for the rest
> of time (archives and associative bleed being what they are).  Those are
> the explicit audiences to whom you've provided your contact data.  If
> that doesn't describe what you want to do, then DON'T DO THAT.
> Attempting to retroactively assign riders or etiquette contracts
> regarding your provided data is unlikely to work.
> ...

That position is indistinguishable from spammers who claim that
publishing an address is tantamount to soliciting anything they care
to send you, until you opt-out, and that any future publication of
your contact information is a new request to be spammed back to the
19th Century.  Please note that I am not saying you are a spammer,
but only that those words express perfectly the position of spammers
that they have the right to spam you if you don't hide your address.

I think subscribing or contributing to a mailing list amounts to
nothing more than subscribing or contributing to a mailing list.
In the absense of explicit agreement to the contrary, subscribing
to a mailing list does not solicit any mail from anyone except from
that mailing list.

It is reasonable for a stranger to assume that you at least tolerate
non-bulk, polite, private messages on any topic that the sender
reasonably believes interests you.  That the sender infers your interest
from a web page, netnews article, mailing list submission, business
card, roadside sign, or mental telepathy is irrelevant.  Submitting
something to a mailing list does not grant anyone any right to send
you mail that they would not already have without your submission.

However, that permission can be assumed to extend only to non-bulk,
polite message and only in the absense of knowledge to the contrary.
That permission to send mail to you be withdrawn at any time with no
more notice than an SMTP status message or an email message.

>   Note: Such an approach makes it difficult to fork a thread off-list.

There are cases where the only discussions that are possible are public
because there is insufficient mutual regard for private discussions.
Despite such problems, public discussions can be fruitful.

Public statements do not obligate you to private discussions with anyone.

To put it another way, if you think your response to someone's public
remark is inapprorpriate for the public forum, then you should consider
the possibility that you shouldn't make it in private.

In yet other words, are you really advocating the notion that I must
receive bulk noise about keys because I've subscribed to this mailing
list?  If so, what about urgent messages about escrow accounts in Nigeria?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>
Cc: Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Anonymity
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 17:50:12 -0800

On Sat, Mar 29, 2003 at 04:31:22PM -0800, J C Lawrence wrote:
> On Sun, 30 Mar 2003 09:20:28 +1100 
> My temptation is to make anonymous mail difficult but not impossible,
> and in particular to explicitly limit the number of vectors by which
> anonymous mail can enter the network while being recognised as,
> "acceptable".  More simply I suspect it would be a Good Thing if we
> removed (almost) all possibility of accidental/unintentional anonymous
> mail, leaving the forms that are truly anonymous both deliberate and
> limited.

Would it not be sufficient simply to assure anonymous mail can not be
sent in large volumes?   That is what most anonymous remailers do to avoid
being used as spam gateways today.
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Subject: Re: 5c. Message Status - Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 20:56:13 -0500

On Wed, Mar 26, 2003 at 12:55:45PM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote

> For example on 9/11 someone could have sent a broadcast to all RIM
> pagers in the US with emergency information, I doubt it would have
> been unwanted in many cases.

  And what would it have accomplished that CNN couldn't ?  Asides from
tying up bandwidth which could've been used by people to let relatives
know they were safe ?

> The word indiscriminate is of course subjective, just like the term spam.
> However a salesperson that sends messages to 10,000 existing customers can
> hardly be considered indiscriminate,

  Except that some of them will quickly become ex-customers.

> nor is a salesperson who sends targetted messages to 100 sales prospects,

  Most participants in this group seem to be male.  Therefore, ads for
penis enlargement, meet-lonely-women, and viagra would definitely be
"targetted messages" by your criteria.

> nor is a message with a CFP for an anti-spam conference sent to
> this list.

  It would be on-topic for this group.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
An infinite number of monkeys pounding away on keyboards will
eventually produce a report showing that Windows is more secure,
and has a lower TCO, than linux.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] 7.c Mass Mailers, reliability, and lack thereof 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 28 Mar 2003 22:29:00 MST."
             <200303290529.h2T5T0GW005331@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 21:09:11 -0500

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> Yes, but as far as I can tell, there are no major bulk mailers that
> satisfy all four of your criteria.

  Then they have an opportunity to learn how to sell to potential
customers in a friendly manner.

> I'm not pointing this out to criticize the Qwest, Dell or any other
> marketing or sales professionals including even Topica, but only to
> establish a fact of life and human nature that contradicts assumptions
> or claims common in some areas.

  So my statement about "legitimate" bulk emailers doesn't include
Fortune 500 companies.  Too bad for them.  Others have noted corporate
opposition to anti-spam laws, which says to me that those corporations
are knowingly and intentionally engaging in unfriendly and soon-to-be
illegal behaviour.

  ASRG should be about solving the spam problem, not about punishing
Ralsky while Fortune 500 companies do the same thing.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200303300202.h2U22Ofx022696@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 19:02:24 -0700 (MST)

> From: mathew <meta@pobox.com>

> ...
> The whole idea of putting someone in a spam filter and then continuing 
> to e-mail him is just silly. It's like kids in a playground shouting 
> insults and then sticking their fingers in their ears and saying "Nyaah 
> nyaah nyaah can't hear you!"

Did the other person send mail to the gentleman at Verisign?  I guessed
from context that the only private mail was from the Verisign employee
to the other person, probably consisting of additional, private copies
of the Verisign employee's public messages.  Is that guess wrong?

If that guess is right, wouldn't it be best for everyone to stop
sending those duplicate copies?

Sending extra private copies of one's words when one knows they are
unwelcome seems like the equivalent of trying to scream them over
"Nyaah nyaah nyaah can't hear you!" chanting, and so worse than the
chanting.  That seems particularly true in this mailing list where
consent to receive mail is a central issue.

For decades I've felt that extra, private copies of one's public words
suggest an unseemly belief that their importance that justifies heroic
efforts to ensure they are not lost.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam 
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 21:15:03 -0500

Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com> wrote;
> I had always thought the best solution was to take all the major definitions,
> and then take the _intersection_ of those definitions.  Then look at that
> intersection and say, "how much of the problem does this cover?"  And more
> to the point, "Does this cover enough of it to take back our mailboxes?"

  It's a good start.

> Remarkably, some people fight a lesser definition than what they prefer, even
> if they will agree that the spams not in that definition are well under 1%
> of the total.   They feel it is particularly important to get every last one.
> I'm not sure why, I don't see an engineering goal.

  It allows people to believe they're still working against the
problem, while not having to actually do anything involving real
"work".

  "Every journey begins with a single step."

> 		    Is commercial (Many people request this in the definition,
> 			but usually only if not including the mass mailing
> 			component, so this might not stay)

  Only crazy people spend money to send out thousands of messagesm and
don't expect a monetary return.  They're usually fairly easy to track
down, because of this.  They're also a tiny part of the spam problem.
Witness the crazies on Usenet, years before Cantor & Siegel.  The
problems they caused were annoying, but they didn't cause the furor
resulting from the first "spam" message.

  Alan DeKok.
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 21:22:50 -0500

On Wed, Mar 26, 2003 at 01:34:26PM -0800, Chuq Von Rospach wrote

> going down the rabbit hole of defining this stuff, I make a hard 
> delineation between:
> 
> 1) spam, which in my mind are those idiots that send stuff fraudulently 
> with forged return addresses and all that other stuff.
> 
> 2) legitimate marketing stuff, where the real issue is a consent issue, 
> not a fraud issue.

  I don't consent to 1) and I don't consent to 2).  I do not see any
difference.


> I think the issues of "solving spam" and "dealing with e-marketing 
> consent issues" are skew. One is shutting down fraudulent operations, 
> the other is regulating legitimate businesses who's practices might or 
> might not be up to snuff. But they tend to get lumped together,

  Waddles like a duck, quacks like a duck, flies like a duck, it *IS* a
duck.  A pearl of wisdom from "The Rules of Spam"...
Sharp's Corollary: Spammers attempt to re-define "spamming" as that
which they do not do.


> They're separate issues, needing separate solutions. I realize there's 
> a segment that thinks all e-marketing is by definition spam, but the 
> moderate position understands it's not. And no, I'm not excusing badly 
> build e-marketing systems, not at all. but the amount of hassle they 
> cause is nothing compared to the spam that's fraudulently stuffed down 
> out throats every day. And the solutions are different.

  The *ONLY* difference is that the people behind "legitimate marketing
stuff" make campaign contributions, and there's less liklihood of the
"legitimate" spam advertising stuff that's blatantly illegal.  Folks,
it's about *CONSENT* not *CONTENT*.


> Worse, the e-marketing stuff keeps getting dumped onto the same
> bonfire by the "burn witches! more witches!" crowd, which basically
> derails the process from allowing anyone to focus on solving the
> first, major problem.

  It's *ALL* non-consensual e-marketing.  Whether it's a guy in a suit
or a guy in sleazy spamhaus makes no difference.  Fraud-artists at Enron
are really no different from a career criminal kiting cheques.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
An infinite number of monkeys pounding away on keyboards will
eventually produce a report showing that Windows is more secure,
and has a lower TCO, than linux.
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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 12:29:16 +1000

At 19:02 29/03/03 -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>Did the other person send mail to the gentleman at Verisign?  I guessed
>from context that the only private mail was from the Verisign employee
>to the other person, probably consisting of additional, private copies
>of the Verisign employee's public messages.  Is that guess wrong?

There were some copies of on-list messages, but no strictly private messages.

>For decades I've felt that extra, private copies of one's public words
>suggest an unseemly belief that their importance that justifies heroic
>efforts to ensure they are not lost.

I think that's a little over the top, but yes, I would normally regard 
private copies as unnecessary, except in limited circumstances.
--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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>   And what would it have accomplished that CNN couldn't ?  Asides from
> tying up bandwidth which could've been used by people to let relatives
> know they were safe ?

Try getting CNN in the aftermath of an earthquake when the power is
out. 

> > nor is a salesperson who sends targetted messages to 100 
> sales prospects,
> 
>   Most participants in this group seem to be male.  Therefore, ads for
> penis enlargement, meet-lonely-women, and viagra would definitely be
> "targetted messages" by your criteria.

No, some of us don't suffer from the problems these products purport
to cure and if we did we would not buy quack remedies sold in this
fashion. So yes, the messages are indiscriminate. They are sent in
the knowledge that they will be unwanted by the vast majority of 
the people receiving them.

We could use that as an alternative definition if you like, a 
message is spam if the sender knows or should know that there
is a very high probability that the recipient will not want
to receive it. I don't like that quite as much though because
it allows weasel room for our friend tim@mailkey.spam and 
folk who send email to private, off-list addresses and don't
bother to accept replies.

I worked out that if the remedies actually worked as promised and 
I bought and used all the products spammed to me over a year a 
certain part of my anatomy would be the size of the empire state 
building. as for the breast enlargement products, has anyone
seen Woody Allen's film Sleeper?

> > nor is a message with a CFP for an anti-spam conference sent to
> > this list.
> 
>   It would be on-topic for this group.

Exactly, it would be discriminating, but sending the same announcement
to the IPSEC list would not be on topic.


		Phill
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> Did the other person send mail to the gentleman at Verisign?  

Yes, he did, on five occasions at the last count. Mail sent
to pbaker@verisign.com is treated very differently by my mail
processing here to mail sent to the list. A mail sent to the
list will only show up on my exchange account, a mail sent to
my personal email will go to my Rim pager.

> I guessed
> from context that the only private mail was from the Verisign employee
> to the other person, probably consisting of additional, private copies
> of the Verisign employee's public messages.  Is that guess wrong?

Actually I was sending an off list comment about their lobbying
work, looking to see if coordination might be possible. But at
this stage I have come to a conclusion about Troy's organization.


> If that guess is right, wouldn't it be best for everyone to stop
> sending those duplicate copies?

Actually that is another issue, which I mentioned under 'lets
fix mailing lists'. The problem as I see it is that there should be
three options for mailing list messages, reply to the original 
author, reply to the list and reply to all.

The ad-hoc mailing lists that accumulate through mailing list
reply-to start to get very annoying.

This is something that can be addressed through a BCP draft.

> For decades I've felt that extra, private copies of one's public words
> suggest an unseemly belief that their importance that justifies heroic
> efforts to ensure they are not lost.

Sometimes it is useful to know that everyone will get the reply,
for example some people may be CC'd who are not on the list.
This can lead to a whole series of sticky problems, how to fix that
one without revealing whether someone is on the list or creating
a relay?

		Phill
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 22:15:23 -0500

On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 09:18:14PM +0100, Markus Stumpf wrote

> If the DSL provider charges extra bucks for use of their mailserver

..and the customer is a cheap bastard ?

> or doesn't have a mailserver at all and the client of a customer
> of yours (we're an ISP) tells your customer "manage to receive my
> email or I'll cancel the contract" what would you tell your customer?

  The concept of an alleged "ISP" that provides neither a mailserver nor
a static IP address boggles the mind.  If you were the only "ISP" in
town, your customer would have to purchase service from another provider
elsewhere who would allow them to either ssh-tunnel or smtp-auth to
their mail server.

> How many of your own customers can you afford to loose because of that?

  How about providing your customers with the service they need ?  That
tends to keep customers loyal.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
An infinite number of monkeys pounding away on keyboards will
eventually produce a report showing that Windows is more secure,
and has a lower TCO, than linux.
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] It's not spam, it's ooga-booga... Was: 5c. Message Status 
From: pattib@gammon.com
In-reply-to: Your message of "Sat, 29 Mar 2003 21:22:50 EST."
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 19:16:51 -0800

>  I don't consent to 1) and I don't consent to 2).  I do not see any
>difference.

Ah, but some people *do* consent to 2), and they would like to receive
the weekly cheez-wiz recipes that they've otped into.

>  The *ONLY* difference is that the people behind "legitimate marketing
>stuff" make campaign contributions, and there's less liklihood of the
>"legitimate" spam advertising stuff that's blatantly illegal.  Folks,
>it's about *CONSENT* not *CONTENT*.

False.  The difference is that legitimate email marketers try pretty
hard to only send mail to people who want to receive it.  Just because
you don't want to know what's on sale over at piggly wiggly doesn't
mean that I don't.  In fact, I subscribe to somewhere between one and
two dozen separate email marketing streams right now.

Legitimate honest-to-goodness email marketers exist, and while they aren't
always perfect, they can do a pretty damned good job.  I can count on
one hand the number of unsolicited messages I've received from Digital
Impact in the last few years, for example, and I never got a single
piece from my former employer.  That's not just because I worked there...
none of their clients ever brought in a dirty list that I was on.
I consider that quite remarkable, since my various email addresses have
been well-publicized over the years.

An opt-in email marketer who tries very hard never to send unsolicited
email, and who responds promptly and correctly if there is an
occasional screw-up, is not a spammer.


I will grant you, however, that there's a decent-sized grey area in
between hot-teen-lolitas spammers and the best of the bunch.

-Patti
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam 
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 17:36:29 -0800 (PST)

From NOIE (Australian Goverment) Study on Spam:

"
Spam- Towards a Working Definition

Spam is the common reference to unsolicited bulk electronnc messages, 
usually electronic mail messages but increasingly SMS messages (text 
messages delivered to mobile phones), that are transmitted to a large 
number of recipients who have not requested those messages. They are 
usually - but not necessarily  commercial in nature; ie, they
generally promote or sell products or services. The bulk of spam messages 
also share one or more of the following characteristics:
 - they are sent in a largely untargeted and indiscriminate manner, often by 
   automated means
 - they include or promote illegal or offensive content
 - their purpose is fraudulent or otherwise deceptive
 - they could collect personal information in breach of the National Privacy 
   Principles (the recent extensions of the Privacy Act to business)
 - they are sent in a manner that disguises the originator; eg, from an
   Internet address other than that shown in the message as received, often
   involving the unauthorised use of an innocent third party's e-mail server;
 - they do not offer a working address to which recipients may send messages 
   opting-out of receiving further unsolicited messages.
While such characteristics are not essential to whether a message should 
be regarded as "unsolicited" or sent in "bulk", most commentators would 
probably not regard as spam direct marketing communications with all the 
following characteristics:
 - they do not include promote or include illegal content;
 - they are not deceptive in any way that would breach common law or
   statute law
 - they do not collect or use personal information in breach of the NPPs
 - they are sent to recipients who have dealt voluntarily with the sender 
   before and, on the basis of that existing relationship, can reasonably 
   be assumed by the sender as prepared to accept messages of the type 
   being sent (ie, the messages would not be unexpected).
"

The entire study is available at, hope it helps:
http://www.noie.gov.au/projects/confidence/Improving/Spam/Interim_Report/Interim-report.PDF

Also I'm currently reviewing all ASRG messages in archive for this first 
month preparing to make summary of work (its organized in same structure 
as work items list sent by paul) consisting mostly of links to some 
archived messages. It should be ready early next week and I'll post a 
link to that. There are already several messages I identified that 
are from "What is SPAM" discussions (note - I'v only reviewed 10% of 
archive so far - we really had lots of messages being posted first few 
days...):

What is SPAM?.
- Various discussions and definitions:
(see last part of email): 
https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00026.html
https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00171.html 
- Discussions of definitions based on consent:
https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00155.html
- On definition of SPAM as "Unsolicited Bulk Email":
https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00109.html
https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00128.html
- Defintion from Brad Templeton's essays:
https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00075.html 
http://www.templetons.com/brad/spume/define.html 

----
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net

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To: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Will someone PLEASE remove Tim@mailkey.com?
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 19:55:38 -0500

At 12:35 PM -0600 3/29/03, wayne wrote:
>I have added mailkey.com to my personal blacklist.  I now expect to be
>lectured by Ken about how I don't understand the social assumptions
>implicit in human conversation and how rude it is to blacklist anyone
>who is on this mailing list.  Ken will probably even tell me that I'm
>doing this as retribution because it is unlikely that I will ever
>remove this ban.

Now all we need to do is find this mysterious "Ken" and let him know.

But if Tim's contribution to this list has been human conversation, 
then so is the neighbor's car alarm going off all night.

Just make sure you don't bounce his auto-replies--these guys probably 
send responses to MAILER-DAEMON as well.  :-)
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
Cc: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>, ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 19:59:56 -0500

At 7:38 AM -0800 3/29/03, Dave Crocker wrote:
>Jon,
>
>
>JK> Well (referring to the charter) how about:
>JK> A communication for which there is no consent given by the intended
>JK> recipient.
>
>I hear that you are the world's expert on ice cream.  I want to hire you
>to help my ice cream manufacturing business.  We have never met.  I send
>you an email.
>
>The above definition classifies my email as spam.

Where did you get my email address?  Did you also send that message 
to one thousand other experts on ice cream?

Unfortunately consent is even harder to define than spam.  Very much 
dependent on context and implicit assumptions.

We started down the "let's define spam" path on this list a week or 
so ago and then gave up.  I think that was wise.

How about another approach.  Define what the problem with spam 
is--and then instead of focusing on defining the specifics of spam, 
focus on solutions to the problems that spam (and possibly other 
email) causes.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: "John R Levine" <johnl@iecc.com>
To: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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> >I find it hard to think of any circumstance where it's useful to consider
> >a one-to-one message to be spam.  It may be annoying for some other
> >reason, but without bulk, there's no spam problem.
>
> I'm the naked man in a glass room - I have no way of knowing how many
> recipients the message has. I can never know I've been spammed?

Of course you can.  It doesn't take much intelligence to tell an actual
individual message from a human from faux personalized junk mail.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer Commissioner
"More Wiener schnitzel, please", said Tom, revealingly.

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To: Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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On Sat, Mar 29, 2003 at 09:15:03PM -0500, Alan DeKok wrote:
> > 		    Is commercial (Many people request this in the definition,
> > 			but usually only if not including the mass mailing
> > 			component, so this might not stay)
> 
>   Only crazy people spend money to send out thousands of messagesm and
> don't expect a monetary return.  They're usually fairly easy to track
> down, because of this.  They're also a tiny part of the spam problem.
> Witness the crazies on Usenet, years before Cantor & Siegel.  The
> problems they caused were annoying, but they didn't cause the furor
> resulting from the first "spam" message.
> 

Actually, that's not true.  I regularly receive spam whose motive is
charity (please help my dying kid) or political and even sometimes religious.

In addition, a significant number of spams I recieve are not commercial at
all, but illegal for other reasons.  They tell me somebody wants to transfer
32 MILLION DOLLARS from Nigeria into my bank account.   It's not an ad of
any type, just a confidence trick.

Thus I am not sure if commercial can fit in the definition or not.  I just
know a number of people put it in.   I think the primary reason they do so
is they look at the problem from a legal perspective, and incorrectly believe
that they will have a better chance of passing a law regulating commercial
spam than one regulating all of it.  (See Cincinatti vs. Discovery Network for
why the supreme court ruled this may be a mistaken impression.)

Myself, I am loathe to regulate of filter mail based on what it says rather
than how it is sent, but again, I include this because others have pushed
for it.  If they all want to disclaim it, it need not be listed.
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To: "'Dave Crocker'" <dhc@dcrocker.net>, "'Jim Youll'" <jim@media.mit.edu>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] define spam
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On Saturday, March 29, 2003 1:19 PM, Dave Crocker [SMTP:dhc@dcrocker.net] 
wrote:
> Jim,
...
>
> 2. How does it help to rely on the sender's defining the character of
> the message, when the senders are non-cooperative rogue players?
>

That I think is an integral issue, if we are attempting to define 'spam' then 
we should not get into a definition of content description.  Jim and Dave you 
accurately point out that one man's garbage is another man's treasure but I 
don't see how this approaches a definition of what 'spam' is.  I think I will 
give it try.

SPAM - 1. Messaging in the MTS which violates best current practices for MTA 
providers to assure proper canonical representation of it's originator. 2. A 
message that does not reflect accurate information for its originator or that 
is transmitted with simulated information nominally used to trace origination 
[that's a tight squeeze as it ignores incorrect configurations].  3) A message 
with fraudulent tracking information that is in fact flawed at origination to 
obfuscate its origin.

SPAMMER - A user, company or other end entity that engages in introducing SPAM 
into the MTS.

I think these may be a start because they do not address intent or content of 
the message sent, quantity sent, transport used or who receives it.  to me the 
basic problem is you have problems applying any effective filters or blocks 
against it because of the improper information used to construct it.

> JY> And that has nothing to do with consent, except that if I personally
> JY> have sense of what
> JY> I care to allow, I may encode that policy near me,
>
> Let's assume that there is some way to embody "what you care to allow"
> in software and some way to detect whether an incoming piece of email
> conforms to what you care to allow.  (The heuristics currently required
> for such a mechanism are useful but highly flawed.)
>
> This leaves us with the problem of massive bandwidth and processing
> being consumed along the path from the sender to your filter.  These
> resources are not free and they have become a significant problem for
> ISPs.
>
>
> JY> (regretting this reply, because I'll get another annoying message, or
> several,
> JY> from tim@mailkey.com, who has never seen any of this, and I did not
> JY> _consent_ to be
> JY> hounded by his mailserver until I click the link it wants me to click).

That's hilarious :-)

> And this is a perfect example of why some recipient-based filtering will
> remain essential. My own email client let's me easily place an entry
> into a special address book and discard all mail from anyone in that
> address book...

And the definition above I think respects that policy boundary with the 
additional qualification that it's efficacy is only as good as the information 
you base your decision upon.

>
> d/
> --

my $.02

-e


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To: "'Hallam-Baker, Phillip'" <pbaker@verisign.com>,
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Phill,

	You hit an interesting point, for me, in this post - though not intentionally 
I think.  In the example you cite the issue is not the provider of service at 
all it is the choice of the recipient MTA manager.  And 'spam' origination from 
the providers you listed in the post is not the problem either, it seems in 
fact to be the 'use of illegitimate/forged addressing' so that the majority of 
'spam' originating from who knows where is passed by 90% of filters because 
most managers do not block the free mail services.

	Blocking at the 822 level is indeed troublesome as information is so easily 
forged.  Policy edge MTAs, I think need a common method to 'qualify' and yes 
authenticate sending entities to compare to this managers choice of methods. 
 Until then I think most would agree that deepest "Recieved by" headers are a 
best bet, at least better than "From:" headers or last hop "Recieved by" which 
are the most easily forged.

-e

On Saturday, March 29, 2003 8:51 AM, Hallam-Baker, Phillip 
[SMTP:pbaker@verisign.com] wrote:
>
> > You know.  It's responses like this that really make me understand
> > why most of the ISPs I talk to hate the anti-spam organizations more
> > than the spammers.
>
> prompted by one of the other threads on the list I took a look at Vernon's
> pages to find the following:
>
> http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/
> "Mail from domains on a list of free providers is rejected at rhyolite.com,
> because of spam claiming to be from them. Rejecting mail supposedly from
> free mail providers is an extremely effective tactic for avoiding spam or
> unsolicited bulk mail. "
>
> Hmm, so authentication is absolutely no use eh? Just blacklist the whole
> domain. now lets look at some of the domains in this list.
>
> yahoo.com, hotmail.com  - Of COURSE everyone from these
> 		domains is a spammer
> freeserve.co.uk		- The largest ISP in the UK, you
> 		pay by the minute through the local phone toll.
>
> Apparently these domains are effective against '90%' of spam. So if you
> could identify the genuine email sent from these sources and the sources
> implement rate limiting on egress (most do already) you could block 90% of
> spam with NO false positives.
>
> Of course false positives probably aren't a problem if you only really care
> about getting email from longstanding netizens with their own email domain.
>
> I find it somewhat interesting that the people complaining loudest about
> solutions that might involve cost are also the people who are quickest to
> cut off free internet access. Just what is going on here?
>
> 		Phill
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 23:00:13 -0500

On Thu, Mar 27, 2003 at 12:47:59PM -0800, william@elan.net wrote

> 1. Commercial emailers agree to general classification of email based on 
> subject of what is being advertised (i.e. for example adult, internet 
> services, other service, electronic goods, sports goods, etc)

> 5. When commercial mailer wants to send somebody an email, they check dns 
> for that domain and obtain id of the agency. They have to contact the 
> agency and got authorization to use its services (probably pay them too) 
> and agency needs to verify whatever it can about the commecial mailer.
> Once verified commercial mailer is granted authorized access to agencie's 
> database and can verify email addresses.

  You're effectively saying that an advertiser is going to blast out
to the adresses on a "Millions CD", and there'll be an on-the-fly
listwashing conducted.  If the sender doesn't already have confirmation
from individual users that they want the mailing, it *IS* spam.

> 7. When commecial mail operator is sending email, they HAVE TO
> include special header in the email

  And the "special header in the email" will be in the DATA: block, and
can only be parsed if you accept the entire email.  Oh, did I mention
that broadband ISPs in Canada now surcharge extra if you exceed your
monthly bandwidth quota ?  Accepting the email, even if it is discarded
immediately, counts on your quota.  In other words, it can cost actual
money.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
An infinite number of monkeys pounding away on keyboards will
eventually produce a report showing that Windows is more secure,
and has a lower TCO, than linux.
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 22:48:25 -0500

At 7:27 PM -0500 3/29/03, mathew wrote:
>>But it's not email.  It doesn't have a number of the necessary 
>>attributes for person-to-person email.
>>- it requires a server that is up all the time
>
>So does conventional e-mail. With current e-mail systems, I fail to 
>get the mail if my messaging server (at my ISP) is down. With e-mail 
>pull, I fail to get the mail if the sender's messaging server (at 
>his ISP) is down. In addition, I won't get mail from people I don't 
>know that I need to poll unless my messaging server at my ISP is up. 
>A small tradeoff in reliability, but one I think I'd take to cut 
>spam.

Currently you have a single point of failure that is close to you on 
the network.  It's down infrequently, and when it is, you simply wait 
and it comes up.

With pull you are relying on the availability of dozens, hundreds or 
even thousands (depending on how much email you get) of different 
servers scattered across the world.  You go from a situation where 
all of your email is there most of the time, to one where some of 
your email is never there most of the time.

>I mean, the web often requires that both my ISP and the appropriate 
>web site have their servers operational when I want to read a web 
>page. Yet people still use the web.

Different expectations of service, and different scale.  I get mail 
from far more servers than I surf in a given day.

>>- it requires storing outgoing email for an indefinite amount of time
>
>The current system requires storing incoming e-mail for an 
>indefinite amount of time.

Nope.  Only until the end user picks it up.

>
>Both of these are the whole point of the system. The whole idea is 
>to move the storage, uptime and network requirements to the sender's 
>messaging server, so that it's easier to take action against abuse, 
>and so that server operators suffer direct consequences if they fail 
>to secure their systems.

I understand that that is the goal.  However you need to look not 
just at what it does to spammers, but what it does to normal mail 
users.  And what it does in that case is make email delivery less 
reliable.

>>- it completely the destroys the go-online, fetch, go-offline model
>
>Not really. It just means that my mail client would go online, fetch 
>my e-mail from a dozen different systems instead of just one, then 
>disconnect.

No. You go online.  Get a list of different email systems, decide 
which ones you  want to fetch, and then go online again to fetch them.

And that points out the biggest flaw of the system.  Not only have 
you not stopped the spammers (sure, they need to find a host 
somewhere, or lots of hosts, but that's not that big a deal).  But 
you've made it *way* harder for me to tell whether something is spam. 
The initial "you have mail" message doesn't provide enough 
information.  I can no longer use content filters on it.  Instead I 
have to go try and fetch it.  The spammer is sure to have an 
overloaded server, so now I'm not only going to try and fetch it--but 
try multiple times!
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 23:22:30 -0500

On Fri, Mar 28, 2003 at 09:31:59AM -0800, pattib@gammon.com wrote

> The start of this thread was someone who lumped in genuine opt-in
> marketing email with millions-of-addresses-on-CD spammers.  I wanted
> to show that they are two very different things.

  I started the thread, and no, I did *NOT* lump in "genuine opt-in
marketing email".  I'm talking about "opt-out marketing email", which up
til now has meant saying "No, no, a thousand times no".  I wouldn't mind
a one-shot "global opt-out" that really worked, but that seems to be a
tooth-fairy-land idea.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
An infinite number of monkeys pounding away on keyboards will
eventually produce a report showing that Windows is more secure,
and has a lower TCO, than linux.
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Subject: [Asrg] Consent
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 20:33:02 -0800

> >  The *ONLY* difference is that the people behind "legitimate marketing
> >stuff" make campaign contributions, and there's less liklihood of the
> >"legitimate" spam advertising stuff that's blatantly illegal.  Folks,
> >it's about *CONSENT* not *CONTENT*.


This phrase may be the crux of one large division in the anti-spam
community.

There are a number of people who do believe it's about consent.  If
they simply meant "explicit consent", it would be something which could
be the subject of debate, but unfortunately when I have seen this used
it is always about a fairly unspecified sort of implicit consent, whose
definition varies from person to person.

Now, that alone would be reason to avoid trying to work in terms of
consent, but there is a much greater fundamental flaw with this concept.

One which will shock some anti-spam folks at first.

In free societies, you don't need advance consent to communicate with
somebody else.   Consent can be rescinded, as in "go away" but it is always
on by default.

And since, on the internet, there is _no_ communication without use of the
private property of the other party to the communication, it means you don't
need advance consent to use somebody else's property to communicate with
them.   We have declared many times we don't have a right to be annoyed, only
a right not be harassed.

To define communication without advance consent as some sort of offence
would turn our definitions of a free society and an open communications system
upside-down.   If somebody gave you a URL, you could not click on it without
knowing if the web host consented to you clicking on it.  If you got a referral
where I told you to e-mail my friend, you could not mail him for fear you did
not have his consent.   And If I want to mail you to flame you about how stupid
the opinion you posted on your web site is, well, who would suspect you give
your consent to be flamed?

In our society you can, by default, go up to somebody on the street and
talk to them.   That is sometimes annoying, but it's a right we actually
fight hard to protect.  You can send them postal mail, without their consent.
It is always assumed to exist in advance.   It can be rescinded -- through
restraining orders, harassment charges, blockages at the post office etc. but
it is always on by default.  People can even come onto your private land to
come to talk to you unless you explicitly mark it no trespassing.

So because consent would be incredibly difficult to define, and it's a bad idea
to bring it into the spam definition, I respectfully submit that other
courses should be followed.
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 18:43:52 -0800 (PST)


> > 1. Commercial emailers agree to general classification of email based on 
> > subject of what is being advertised (i.e. for example adult, internet 
> > services, other service, electronic goods, sports goods, etc)
> 
> > 5. When commercial mailer wants to send somebody an email, they check dns 
> > for that domain and obtain id of the agency. They have to contact the 
> > agency and got authorization to use its services (probably pay them too) 
> > and agency needs to verify whatever it can about the commecial mailer.
> > Once verified commercial mailer is granted authorized access to agencie's 
> > database and can verify email addresses.
> 
>   You're effectively saying that an advertiser is going to blast out
> to the adresses on a "Millions CD", and there'll be an on-the-fly
> listwashing conducted.  If the sender doesn't already have confirmation
> from individual users that they want the mailing, it *IS* spam.
Not on-the-fly - reread the proposal, it says that they need to clear 
their database prior to mailing if possible (up to one month prior is 
allowed). And this is intended as global opt-out, after the the fact they 
you gave some advertiser your email address.
 
> > 7. When commecial mail operator is sending email, they HAVE TO
> > include special header in the email
> 
>   And the "special header in the email" will be in the DATA: block, and
> can only be parsed if you accept the entire email.  Oh, did I mention
> that broadband ISPs in Canada now surcharge extra if you exceed your
> monthly bandwidth quota ?  Accepting the email, even if it is discarded
> immediately, counts on your quota.  In other words, it can cost actual
> money.
The system is intended to be used by MTAs not by MUAs (though this is 
still an option), so email would be discarded if the encrypted hash is not 
available and either never reaches MUA or is placed is possible-spam folder.

As for header being part of DATA block and that being difficulty for some 
MTAs, we'll talk about this point again in 15-20 days when I'm ready to 
submitone particular draft I'm working on.

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net



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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Jon Kyme'" <jrk@merseymail.com>, Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
Cc: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] define spam
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I do not think 'consent' really has anything to do with a definition of 'spam' 
in the context of this problem.  I feel that consent with respect to messaging 
is TOTALLY subjective and what a real definition addresses is the issue of 
policy or 'consent' enforcement after solicitation.  I think enforcement comes 
via the technical solution we come up with.

-e

On Saturday, March 29, 2003 3:44 PM, Jon Kyme [SMTP:jrk@merseymail.com] wrote:
> > Given that this is a technical research body, how does one go about
> > offering that consent, in a service with 100 million participants, and
> > how does one enforce it?
> >
>
> The group has a charter to which it's profitable to refer from time to time
> (I'd say). I'm sure working up a mechanism for expressing consent (here I
> go again) will be difficult - but I think it's a job for the group. It's
> fairly easy to envisage consent expression propagating up to the ISP or MTA
> (from individual users) enabling consent to be consulted at a single point
> for a domain (or set of domains). As for enforcing it, it's not clear
> that's a purely technical problem.
>
>
>
>
>
>
> --
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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To: "John R Levine" <johnl@iecc.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
Cc: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>, "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 23:55:14 -0500

At 10:32 PM -0500 3/29/03, John R Levine wrote:
>  > >I find it hard to think of any circumstance where it's useful to consider
>>  >a one-to-one message to be spam.  It may be annoying for some other
>>  >reason, but without bulk, there's no spam problem.
>>
>>  I'm the naked man in a glass room - I have no way of knowing how many
>>  recipients the message has. I can never know I've been spammed?
>
>Of course you can.  It doesn't take much intelligence to tell an actual
>individual message from a human from faux personalized junk mail.

Exhibit 1.

A message asking to be added to my mailing list.  Spam was simply the 
URL in the .signature.  I would have fallen for it but they went a 
touch too far and included a picture as well.

Exhibit 2.

A message to abuse complaining about spam.  The spam was the message 
that they were "complaining" about.

Exhibit 3.

Message asking me to attend a conference.  (You've probably seen these.)
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>, wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Will someone PLEASE remove Tim@mailkey.com?
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I did and they do.
(I only bounced one so I don't know if this thing loops)

On Saturday 29 March 2003 06:55 pm, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 12:35 PM -0600 3/29/03, wayne wrote:
> >I have added mailkey.com to my personal blacklist.  I now expect to be
> >lectured by Ken about how I don't understand the social assumptions
> >implicit in human conversation and how rude it is to blacklist anyone
> >who is on this mailing list.  Ken will probably even tell me that I'm
> >doing this as retribution because it is unlikely that I will ever
> >remove this ban.
>
> Now all we need to do is find this mysterious "Ken" and let him know.
>
> But if Tim's contribution to this list has been human conversation,
> then so is the neighbor's car alarm going off all night.
>
> Just make sure you don't bounce his auto-replies--these guys probably
> send responses to MAILER-DAEMON as well.  :-)

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To: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 22:57:08 -0500

At 1:40 PM -0800 3/29/03, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
>My topica amusement came when I signed up for the high volume 
>jamspam and posted to it, only to get three (count them) three 
>vacation/OOF messages in reply. I was in the middle of a good rant 
>when I stopped to check, and sure

You aborted the rant?  Then maybe I should finish the one I was about to send.

>enough, the topica mail list was missing any precedence header at all. So I

I don't see that the Precedence header is required for the rant.  A 
vacation notice is a notice of non-delivery.  It should go to the 
envelope from.  (Never mind that it shouldn't go to any message that 
doesn't list you in the headers--but that part doesn't have an RFC to 
back it up.)
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces AND social contracts
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 23:07:29 -0500

At 4:17 PM -0700 3/29/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>  > Sorry.  I don't buy it.  When you sign up for the list, you sign up
>  > for conversations with people on the list.  Those conversations may

>NO!
>
>Your reasoning would require removal of blocks against Cyberpromo and Alan
>Ralsky's many domains should Spamford or Ralsky subscribe to this list.

Should they engage in the conversation of this list (as opposed to 
sending spam), then I would say "yes".

But if you would like an escape hatch--I have no problem with not 
replying to messages from people.  And the sender can't tell the 
difference between not replying and dropping on the floor.  So 
there's your out.  Rude, yes.  But not a slap in the face.

-----

In a desperate attempt to bring this conversation somewhat on topic. 
I will point out that this conversation is so emotional for precisely 
the same reason that discussions of spam are emotional.  We are 
discussing social contracts.  We have certain expectations about 
communication.  These are based on our real life experiences, and our 
virtual life experiences.  There are cultural differences as well.  I 
seriously doubt that it's a coincidence that the people I've seen 
supporting my case are people whom I've seen on the net for the past 
twenty years. Our expectations are different.

Normally you only run into these types of social disagreements when 
you literally have cultural conflicts.  We are in the unusual 
position of trying to patch a virtual culture.  Think how you would 
feel if someone came in and gave you a new set of rules for when you 
should and shouldn't say hello to people on the street.  Told you 
whether or not you were allowed to say thank you.  Or put 
communications restrictions on people in the real world similar to 
the ones we are creating the virtual world.  "Hello Mr. Smith.  How 
are you..."  "Sorry, if you want to talk to me, first you have to pay 
me ten cents."

Is it any wonder that this is an emotional process?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200303300509.h2U594rL017197@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces AND social contracts 
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 22:09:04 -0700 (MST)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> 

> > Your reasoning would require removal of blocks against Cyberpromo and Alan
> > Ralsky's many domains should Spamford or Ralsky subscribe to this list.

> Should they engage in the conversation of this list (as opposed to
> sending spam), then I would say "yes".

How do I know whether Ralsky has subscribed?  Whenever I subscribe to
a mailing list, do you say I should remove all spam defenses in case
Ralsky has already subscribed and wants to send some private non-spam?

Should every new subscriber to a list post an announcement so that 
current subscribers can lower filters?

What if Ralsky subscribes, engages in the conversation of this list,
and continues to spam?  As far as I can tell, your reasoning requires
that I permanently turn off my defenses against his spam so that he
can send me private mail related to the list.  Perhaps you'll answer
that I'm only required to turn off my defenses from the time I subscribe
until his next spew.  I wouldn't like that, because I think that I
should never turn off my defenses for the mere possibility of receiving
non-spam from him.

Whatever your reasoning really says instead of my guesses, it seems
awfully complicated.  I think it all becomes simple, clear, predictable,
and even polite if subscribing to public mail grants permission only
to the list reflector, and that all other permissions and consents
remain unchanged.  Sending private mail is almost always less polite
than silence.  I think expecting strangers to listen to you or presuming
to take offense at having strangers slam doors in your face is more
rude than the door slamming.

The only bad thing of separating subscribing to mailing lists from
granting free-passes in spam filters is the shock and horror of  people
who don't (or refuse to) realize how their own reputations or the
reputations of their employers preceed them.  The shock, horror, and
anger of people who have discovered that their reputations are not what
they hoped is familiar, predictable, and understandable.  Such is life.


Note again that I'm not saying that people should not send private,
polite, non-bulk mail to the public addresses of a stranger if they
reasonably believe that the stranger might be interested.  If they
have reason to think otherwise (e.g. by virtue of sending from a widely
blacklisted domain name), they should not be surprised to meet a
slammed door.  In any case, they have no standing to take offense at
a slammed door.  Every stranger has the right to say "go away" to
anyone at any time without any explanation, and not be considered
"rude" or violating some sort of new superhypeway etiquette.

Consent to receive mail is always determined by the target!

This etiquette rule that requires listening to all private mail in order
to subscribe to a list is news to me, and I've been receiving email as
"vjs" since 1968, albeit not via SMTP until the last 20 years.  Do the
filters on the main IETF list currently against at least one person
violate this new etiquette rule?  What about the IETF-Censored list?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Sun Mar 30 00:22:17 2003
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces AND social contracts 
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Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 19:32:41 -0800 (PST)

I generally agree with you - if you engage in discussion on the list, there 
is no requirements that you talk to the same person offlist.

However for the benifits of this list's subscribers (and because this maillist 
usually puts original poster's address in "cc:" and you end up sending 
email reply both to them and to the list), I think you should let through 
any email that is a reply to previous asrg email even if it comes directly 
from subscriber to your emailbox (i'm afraid the only way to do it is by 
subject and whitelist subjects that have [Asrg] in them), if you really do 
not want to, then at least do not bounce these emails (/dev/null them if 
you want)

On Sat, 29 Mar 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> > From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> 
> 
> > > Your reasoning would require removal of blocks against Cyberpromo and Alan
> > > Ralsky's many domains should Spamford or Ralsky subscribe to this list.
> 
> > Should they engage in the conversation of this list (as opposed to
> > sending spam), then I would say "yes".
> 
> How do I know whether Ralsky has subscribed?  Whenever I subscribe to
> a mailing list, do you say I should remove all spam defenses in case
> Ralsky has already subscribed and wants to send some private non-spam?
> 
> Should every new subscriber to a list post an announcement so that 
> current subscribers can lower filters?
> 
> What if Ralsky subscribes, engages in the conversation of this list,
> and continues to spam?  As far as I can tell, your reasoning requires
> that I permanently turn off my defenses against his spam so that he
> can send me private mail related to the list.  Perhaps you'll answer
> that I'm only required to turn off my defenses from the time I subscribe
> until his next spew.  I wouldn't like that, because I think that I
> should never turn off my defenses for the mere possibility of receiving
> non-spam from him.
> 
> Whatever your reasoning really says instead of my guesses, it seems
> awfully complicated.  I think it all becomes simple, clear, predictable,
> and even polite if subscribing to public mail grants permission only
> to the list reflector, and that all other permissions and consents
> remain unchanged.  Sending private mail is almost always less polite
> than silence.  I think expecting strangers to listen to you or presuming
> to take offense at having strangers slam doors in your face is more
> rude than the door slamming.
> 
> The only bad thing of separating subscribing to mailing lists from
> granting free-passes in spam filters is the shock and horror of  people
> who don't (or refuse to) realize how their own reputations or the
> reputations of their employers preceed them.  The shock, horror, and
> anger of people who have discovered that their reputations are not what
> they hoped is familiar, predictable, and understandable.  Such is life.
> 
> 
> Note again that I'm not saying that people should not send private,
> polite, non-bulk mail to the public addresses of a stranger if they
> reasonably believe that the stranger might be interested.  If they
> have reason to think otherwise (e.g. by virtue of sending from a widely
> blacklisted domain name), they should not be surprised to meet a
> slammed door.  In any case, they have no standing to take offense at
> a slammed door.  Every stranger has the right to say "go away" to
> anyone at any time without any explanation, and not be considered
> "rude" or violating some sort of new superhypeway etiquette.
> 
> Consent to receive mail is always determined by the target!
> 
> This etiquette rule that requires listening to all private mail in order
> to subscribe to a list is news to me, and I've been receiving email as
> "vjs" since 1968, albeit not via SMTP until the last 20 years.  Do the
> filters on the main IETF list currently against at least one person
> violate this new etiquette rule?  What about the IETF-Censored list?
> 
> 
> Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

_______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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Date: 30 Mar 2003 00:24:10 -0500

> Exhibit 1.
>
> A message asking to be added to my mailing list.  Spam was simply the
> URL in the .signature.  I would have fallen for it but they went a
> touch too far and included a picture as well.

Did they actually want to get on your list, or was the return address a
fake?  I've seen some pretty egregious wallpaper in legit mail.

> Exhibit 2.
>
> A message to abuse complaining about spam.  The spam was the message
> that they were "complaining" about.

Seen some of those, never had much trouble figuring them out.

> Exhibit 3.
>
> Message asking me to attend a conference.  (You've probably seen these.)

Indeed.  They struck me as instantly spamous because of the lack of any
plausible reason they'd invite me.  (I may be famous, but I'm not THAT
famous.)

I can certainly imagine situations where spam could masquerade as
individual messages well enough to fool some people, but I don't see that
as a big problem.  So long as most of the recipients can figure out that
it's spam, any negative feedback scheme we invent will still work.

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Information Superhighwayman wanna-be, http://iecc.com/johnl, Sewer Commissioner
"A book is a sneeze." - E.B. White, on the writing of Charlotte's Web

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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 15:26:33 +1000

At 20:33 29/03/03 -0800, Brad Templeton wrote:
>In free societies, you don't need advance consent to communicate with
>somebody else.   Consent can be rescinded, as in "go away" but it is always
>on by default.

This is not entirely accurate. In common law jurisdictions, no amount of 
consent or withdrawal of consent can affect the right to communicate per 
se. If you are in public, somebody can yell at you all they like, subject 
to any statutes to the contrary (such as statutes establishing public order 
offences), and you can't do anything about it. On the other hand, if you 
are on your own land, and somebody is yelling at you in such a way that it 
interferes with your use of the land (complications arise here), then the 
person doing the yelling commits a nuisance, and if they refuse to stop you 
are legally entitled to slap them around until they do stop (of course I 
wouldn't recommend this approach because in an individual case you may be 
mistaken about the extent of their act and the extent of your right to abate).

>And since, on the internet, there is _no_ communication without use of the
>private property of the other party to the communication, it means you don't
>need advance consent to use somebody else's property to communicate with
>them.

Now here you come closer - when you use the private property of another you 
do need consent to use the property, but the consent is implied in the 
cases you appear to be worried about. Elsewhere, YMMV, for example in 
Scotland there appears to be no requirement for consent to merely use 
another person's chattels.

>To define communication without advance consent as some sort of offence
>would turn our definitions of a free society and an open communications system
>upside-down.

Well yes, if you mean "all communication", but it's not an "all or nothing" 
rule. Implied consent as understood by the law deals very well with this. 
To determine what is covered by implied consent you look at:

         a. What is necessary for the function of society in
            the circumstances;
         b. What is accepted by society; and
         c. What can reasonably be inferred by the actions of
            the possessor of the property.

These are not necessarily exclusive factors. There may be other relevant 
factors in individual cases, but these factors cover most everyday 
situations, and the factors in individual cases will often be referable 
back to one or more of these. For example, in the case of email, the fact 
that SMTP as a protocol demonstrates a design centred on person to person 
messages and another protocol (NNTP) demonstrates a design centred on 
broadcast messages (even having substantially the same message format) 
would be a relevant factor for determining what is necessary, and what can 
be inferred.

For example, having an open shop front entails implied consent to enter for 
the purpose of shopping, but if you enter for the purpose of shoplifting, 
you enter as a trespasser. If you enter for the purpose of soliciting 
customers to your nearby competing shop, you also enter as a trespasser. 
The implied consent is not an unbounded consent to enter, but is a consent 
limited to the purpose that is in that case necessary, accepted, and 
reasonably inferred.

In the case of a private residence, there is implied consent to enter via a 
marked path to knock on the front door, but if you enter for the purposes 
of breaking in, or if the path goes past the main bedroom window and you 
enter for the purpose of peeping, then you trespass as soon as you set foot 
on the private land.

>    If somebody gave you a URL, you could not click on it without
>knowing if the web host consented to you clicking on it.

This is clearly within the scope of implied consent, because it is (a) 
necessary, (b) accepted, and (c) reasonably inferred by the actions in 
putting up a web site.

>If you got a referral where I told you to e-mail my friend, you could not 
>mail him for fear you did not have his consent.

Person to person email is clearly within the scope of implied consent and 
testing against the three criteria clearly indicates that this would be so.

>    And If I want to mail you to flame you about how stupid
>the opinion you posted on your web site is, well, who would suspect you give
>your consent to be flamed?

This one is a little more difficult. Arguments on the "necessity" of this 
could go either way. It is probable that inference from conduct would go 
against, since most people don't like to be flamed. The acceptance test 
would suggest that society accepts the need to infer implied consent for 
flames, although this may vary depending on the free speech beliefs of the 
particular society.

I would come down on the side of personal flames being within the scope of 
implied consent, even though the recipient probably doesn't want them.

>it is always on by default.  People can even come onto your private land to
>come to talk to you unless you explicitly mark it no trespassing.

"No trespassing" is probably insufficient for this purpose. The sign would 
have to make it clear that implied consent is withdrawn, or withdrawn for a 
particular class. For example, "No hawking" clearly withdraws consent for 
door-to-door salespeople, but "No trespassing" per se is redundant, since 
if there is consent (even implied consent) there is no trespass.

>So because consent would be incredibly difficult to define, and it's a bad 
>idea to bring it into the spam definition

If you define spam as "unsolicited bulk", then it fails the necessity, 
acceptance and inference tests.

If you define spam as "unsolicited commercial" (such that an individual 
message is spam), then you are in a less certain area. All three criteria 
can be argued either way, and I suspect acceptance is diminishing over 
time. I would still come down on the side of "unsolicited commercial" but 
"personal" as being within the scope of implied consent.
--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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To: "'mathew'" <meta@pobox.com>, "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
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I think the point is that the attack may result from a mis-configured MTA that 
loops on the 'spam' or soem other anomaly, I don't think it would take a 
malicious user to do it, I will look again (because I like the idea of call 
back).

-e

On Saturday, March 29, 2003 7:41 PM, mathew [SMTP:meta@pobox.com] wrote:
> On Friday, Mar 28, 2003, at 10:39 US/Eastern, David F. Skoll wrote:
> > 1 - NastySpammer sends millions of connections from thousands of 0wned
> > hosts, and suddenly poor victim gets a DDoS from all the callbacks
> > from hosts attempting to receive the purported mail.
>
> That's really no different from the same person having the 0wned hosts
> directly DDoS the victim, or having the 0wned hosts send out ping
> packets with the victim's IP address. Already illegal most places, and
> the spammer already has the capability, so the proposal isn't making
> anything worse.
>
> I think that objecting to a proposal because it allows bad guys to
> mount an attack they can already mount is a bit nit-picky.
>
>
> mathew
>
> _______________________________________________
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> Asrg@ietf.org
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On Saturday, March 29, 2003 5:30 PM, Jim Youll [SMTP:jim@media.mit.edu] wrote:
> At 14:20 -0800 3/29/03, Dave Crocker wrote:
> >Jon,
> >
> >>>  Not that it's a solution, but it seems such a person could give blanket
> >>>  consent
> >>>  for potential collaborators or customers to contact him for professional
> >>>  reasons related to ice cream, and if JK happens to be an eccentric ice
> >>>  cream
> >>>  inventor who talks to nobody, then he would presumably not give such
> >>>  consent
> >>>  because he truly does not care to be contacted/hired.
> >
> >JK> Absolutely - yes. Many possible mechanisms for advertising consent
> >JK> before the fact.
> >
> >This is a technical forum. Please list any of the technical mechanisms
> >that are reasonable candidates for use, in an environment with 100
> >million users and tens or hundreds of thousands of independent
> >administrative localities.
>
> These sorts of minute-by-minute challenges are unlikely to lead to anything
> useful. Why can't you just say that if someone wants to promote the idea
> of a consent mechanism, that they should announce a research thread and
> pursue it.

I think they will.  Personally, what I am getting is a sense that every body is 
talking about there own pet solutions and framework for describing the problem 
and no one is trying to scratch their head and write down the issues and derive 
the solution (or solution sets); I do not think if you can successfully 
describe consent in a technically bounded context then you can not prove a 
solution is viable for further research.  At least that's what I think (not 
know).  I don't particularly think this Anti-Spam RG is a commiseration society 
but a technical forum.  Yeah, consent is a 'concept' we all agree has some 
perception impact and drives what many 'feel' is spam but can it be quantified 
to such an exeunt that we can formulate a technical solution.
> I'm not going to sit here and pretend that I can answer an old question with
> a few minutes of head-scratching just because someone has thrown down
> the gauntlet.
>

I don't see that myself.

> I'm not particularly interested in the topic, however I do seem to subscribe
> to a more wide interpretation of "consent" than you do... As I mentioned 
earlier, consent is
> already implied in the acceptance or rejection of mail at every step of the 
process
> already.

Are you referring to the 'consent' of an MTA to 'accept' a message for storage 
or relay?  I call that policy.

> Perhaps the small "consent" steps that exist now can be better formalized to
> at least provide more consistent results than are achieved now in a manner 
that does
> not require every last mailer on the net to be on board to work. I don't 
know, really...
> research and experimentation might tell us something about that. arguing 
about it
> probably won't.


my $.02

-e
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On Saturday, March 29, 2003, at 04:27  PM, mathew wrote:

>  With e-mail pull, I fail to get the mail if the sender's messaging 
> server (at his ISP) is down.

Or if the network between us is down, or if the server is overloaded 
because someone who didn't know any better something to everyone in his 
address book 100 times.

If someone forwards the mail, who's server is responsible for it? What 
server (if any) keeps the message for future reference? What if it's a 
person who never deletes his e-mail? Or reads it 1000 times (DOS 
attack?). How long does a server have to keep a message to be read? 
What if the message is forwarded? what if the person posts a URL to 
access it to slashdot?

How does e-mail pull work in large environments where you have round 
robins, load forwarders, and large strings of MX relays today? How 
about through firewalls?

I hate to say it, but email pull seems like a bad idea with a lot of 
complexity for questionable improvement. It might make more sense if it 
could be stored until I tell my server to go and get it from your 
server, but even then, how does that scale?



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I disagree. But I agree it's open to discussion. I think this is a 
rabbit hole like whether lists should carry a coerced reply-to, so I 
won't go there, since I don't think there is a right answer the way 
things are implemented these days.


On Saturday, March 29, 2003, at 07:57  PM, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> I don't see that the Precedence header is required for the rant.  A 
> vacation notice is a notice of non-delivery.  It should go to the 
> envelope from.

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mark me down for agreeing with every word Brad says here...

On Saturday, March 29, 2003, at 08:33  PM, Brad Templeton wrote:

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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I think it's trivial to define consent.

I tell you to go away, you go away. You don't come back in three months 
to see if I'm still mad at you, you don't change your corporation name 
and contact me as a new entity, you go away. Consent is easy, at the 
base of it.

What's missing is a standard way to communicate consent, as well as a 
standard way to define consent expectations (i.e., no generally 
accepted way to put up a "no solicitors" sign on your front door.). The 
lack of that no solicitors sign doesn't give you the right to walk into 
the living room to talk to me, but it does mean you can knock. If the 
sign is there and you still knock, silly you.

On the other hand, spammers are about consent the way burglars are 
about knocking. Since there's no consent model spammers will ever 
follow, it won't solve the spam problem, and solving any other problem 
doesn't matter until the spam problem is solved.

(it won't be solved by lumping everyone in as spammers, either, but 
that seems to be, increasingly, the attitude I see on this list. Oh, 
well)




On Saturday, March 29, 2003, at 04:59  PM, Kee Hinckley wrote:

> Unfortunately consent is even harder to define than spam.

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On Saturday, March 29, 2003, at 08:54  PM, Eric D. Williams wrote:

> and no one is trying to scratch their head and write down the issues 
> and derive
> the solution (or solution sets);

there have been some small attempts. They haven't gotten traction.

Part of the problem is that this group can't agree one what problem 
it's trying to solve. Or even that there are multiple problems that 
need to be solved, and to choose one. Every time it tries, it gets 
sidetracked back into arguments over what needs to be solved.

Aspects of the problem are REALLY TOUGH TO SOLVE. So the discussion 
keeps shifting off to solvable problems (mass marketers vs. spammers, 
consent models vs. stopping spam), even though they are (except to a 
tiny activitist group) a small part of the problem. People are, 
effectively, afraid to try to fix the spam problem because it's hard 
work, hasn't succeeded to date, unclear how to do it, and might not 
succeed. It's natural to migrate to something more tractable and easier 
to deal with -- the problem is, if you're seeing this iceberg bearing 
down on you, pulling our the brass polish because you know how to 
spiffy things up isn't the answer.

There are personality conflicts. boy howdy, are there personality 
conflicts. and people are letting those conflicts and their private 
agendas interfere with the overall workings of this group.

and there are people who are convinced that their vision of the 
problem, or their vision of the solution, are the real things that need 
to be addressed, and they are pushing those agendas to the exclusion of 
what anyone else thinks and without much interest or willingness in 
other viewpoints, much less collaboration or compromise. (this is the 
"let's all agree to do it my way" problem).

And between all of these issues, the attempts to actually get much 
accomplished gets lost in the noise. I've just about given up, I think 
the dogmatic viewpoints and personality conflicts have likely doomed 
this group unless people will check their egos at the door and act 
professionally. My worry is, these people think they are.

But this place makes a great case study of how tough the problem is and 
why the net's done such a poor job of dealing with the problem. We're 
how many years into it? and we're still arguing what the problem is. 
and there's no end in sight.

this place also makes a great case study why ultimately these issues 
will be (and are, as we speak) moving out of the tech community 
increasingly into the political world, and why decisions will move from 
the geeks and administrators to the politicians and lawyers and 
management. And since marketing organizations know how to talk to 
politicians and geeks generally disdain them, guess who's voices will 
be heard? You may not like the DMA, but they know how to deal with 
Congress. And as long as people in this forum see the e-marketers as a 
foe to be fought instead of an ally to work with to solve the bigger 
problem (spam), those forces will stay divided and the one with 
political savvy will end up setting the legislation and political 
agendas. 'cause you may not want to believe it, but the e-marketing 
worlds sees the spammers as enemies, not the people in this group. 
Except for the ones who've declared war on emarketers, of course.

but next time someone says "keep the politicians out of it and let the 
geeks solve the problem!" think about how well the geeks have solved it 
in this forum...

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam 
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On Saturday, March 29, 2003, at 05:36  PM, william@elan.net wrote:

> "
> Spam- Towards a Working Definition
>

FWIW, here's MY definition of spam. I want to take content completely 
out of it to the greatest extent possible.

Spam is email where there is not legitimate attempt to allow receivers 
to define their consent agreement, or no legitimate attempt to honor it.

spam is that stuff that tries to hide it's consent agreement with me 
through forged identification, tries to prevent me from changing that 
consent agreement through fraudulent or missing return communication 
paths, or ignores those change requests and doesn't intend to honor 
them if I do actually get a request to them.

Spam has nothing to do with content. It has everything to do with not 
allowing me to stop receiving it. How they prevent me from changing my 
consent agreement is irrelevant; that they prevent me from changing it 
makes it spam.



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On Saturday, March 29, 2003, at 07:08  PM, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

> Actually that is another issue, which I mentioned under 'lets
> fix mailing lists'. The problem as I see it is that there should be
> three options for mailing list messages, reply to the original
> author, reply to the list and reply to all.
>

Mailman 2.1 has put some significant work in this area. By supporting 
the List-* headers, it makes reply/reply-all/reply-list possible, if 
only mail clients would support it. The information is now there. its' 
also gone a step further, and allows users to "opt out" of the message 
from the list if the list sees that address in the To: or CC: lines, so 
that the user will end up only getting one copy, thus (mostly) ending 
that argument....


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me, I 4xxed the domain in my access file. I hope it amuses them when 
they notice.


On Saturday, March 29, 2003, at 09:04  PM, David Walker wrote:

> I did and they do.
> (I only bounced one so I don't know if this thing loops)

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<>
Thanks for the NOIE (gov of oz) Study text.

Folks with access to other policy-wonk texts, please post pointers,
or meta-pointers.

TiA


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To: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Anonymity 
In-Reply-To: Message from Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com> 
   of "Sat, 29 Mar 2003 17:50:12 PST." <20030330015012.GS9659@main.templetons.com> 
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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 00:04:15 -0800

On Sat, 29 Mar 2003 17:50:12 -0800 
Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com> wrote:
> On Sat, Mar 29, 2003 at 04:31:22PM -0800, J C Lawrence wrote:

> Would it not be sufficient simply to assure anonymous mail can not be
> sent in large volumes?  

Is that the function of a protocol definition, or of policy and
configuration at a protocol-supporting node?

> That is what most anonymous remailers do to avoid being used as spam
> gateways today.

Quite, and rather my point.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
To: "Brad Templeton"  <brad@templetons.com>
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> On Sat, Mar 29, 2003 at 08:55:35PM +0000, Jon Kyme wrote:
> > I'm the naked man in a glass room - I have no way of knowing how many
> > recipients the message has. I can never know I've been spammed?
> > 
> > Next!
> 
> 
> Really?   I must say I have the exact opposite experience.  Almost never
> to I get a spam that I can't immediately identify that it was not written
> personally for me.   That alone of course doesn't prove that it's bulk
> but it's a remarkably accurate indicator.
> 

Brad, there's a question mark at the end there.

I'm sorry I didn't make myself clear - it's now the morning and the coffee
is starting to kick in.

My point was that I don't need a measure of bulkiness to (personally)
categorise a message as spam. And neither do you. We're in agreement on
this.





--
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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In-Reply-To: Message from Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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On Sat, 29 Mar 2003 18:47:39 -0700 (MST) 
Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
>> From: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu> 

>> While that may be what you intend to do, that is not apparent from
>> your actions, and even more so, that is not implied by the
>> information you reveal should you post to that list.  This is simple
>> information theory stuff.

> "Information theory stuff" is stuff and nonsense in this context.  

I'll disagree as I find it critical to the accurate definition and
design of protocols.

> If you want to talk about Shannon's work and so forth, we could, but
> such talk would have nothing to do with the charter of this mailing
> list or this digression.

I don't see the discussion of IF as on-topic for this list, but its
applications to the topics of this list most certainly are.

>> In the general case when you post to the forum you reveal yourself,
>> willy nilly, to all the members of that forum at that time, and (very
>> likely) everybody who may every find or discover that forum for the
>> rest of time (archives and associative bleed being what they are).
>> Those are the explicit audiences to whom you've provided your contact
>> data.  If that doesn't describe what you want to do, then DON'T DO
>> THAT.  Attempting to retroactively assign riders or etiquette
>> contracts regarding your provided data is unlikely to work.  ...

> That position is indistinguishable from spammers who claim that
> publishing an address is tantamount to soliciting anything they care
> to send you, until you opt-out, and that any future publication of
> your contact information is a new request to be spammed back to the
> 19th Century.  

True, and that's part of my point.  I may not like or agree with the
view, and its certainly not one I practice, but their logic is sound.
The only difference between the two positions are arbitrary OOB value
decisions that are not demonstrated by the data in any fashion.  More
simply, wouldn't a system which does state (or enforce) the expectations
of the poster be better than the current please-guess-nicely approach?

We already know that we are dealing with people who are not operating on
the same social assumptions and mores as we, and that we have no direct
method of either communicating our expectations in a manner such that
they'll be honored, or in making them use our data in the manner we
wish.  It seems inescapable that the appropriate response is to provide
data which only operates within the expectations/contracts we desire.

> Please note that I am not saying you are a spammer, but only that
> those words express perfectly the position of spammers that they have
> the right to spam you if you don't hide your address.

Thanks.  I get enough of that as a list operator.

> I think subscribing or contributing to a mailing list amounts to
> nothing more than subscribing or contributing to a mailing list.  In
> the absense of explicit agreement to the contrary, subscribing to a
> mailing list does not solicit any mail from anyone except from that
> mailing list.

I was careful in my original text to distinguish between joining a list
and posting to a list.  The former case I firmly believe to be a
properly protected state (and is something I'm very careful of on my
lists due to a number of situations where the simple fact that someone
is subscribed is uncomfortably revealing).  The latter (posting) is far
less clear without applying cultural arbitraries as discussed above.

> It is reasonable for a stranger to assume that you at least tolerate
> non-bulk, polite, private messages on any topic that the sender
> reasonably believes interests you.  That the sender infers your
> interest from a web page, netnews article, mailing list submission,
> business card, roadside sign, or mental telepathy is irrelevant.
> Submitting something to a mailing list does not grant anyone any right
> to send you mail that they would not already have without your
> submission.

Aye, there's the social corollary to the protocol rule of, 'Be
conservative in what you emit and generous in what you accept', to the
end of, "Post messages which others can experience easily, and be
willing to experience any message."  However, I see that as a tangent to
tool-building for a solution.

>> Note: Such an approach makes it difficult to fork a thread off-list.

> There are cases where the only discussions that are possible are
> public because there is insufficient mutual regard for private
> discussions.  Despite such problems, public discussions can be
> fruitful.

<nod>

> Public statements do not obligate you to private discussions with
> anyone.

No, but it is easy (if not valid) to assume a social structure which
defines that a participant in public discussion may be reasonably
approached for private discussion.

> In yet other words, are you really advocating the notion that I must
> receive bulk noise about keys because I've subscribed to this mailing
> list?  If so, what about urgent messages about escrow accounts in
> Nigeria?

Social etiquette versus technical contract.  Teaching manners, let alone
cultural models and expectations is not easy as it assumes a context
which is frequently not present.  Don't enforce your mores on a group
to which they don't apply.

  BTW: On that score don't expect me to stop ranting against top
  posting, or to allow it on any of my lists.  I pick limits on where I
  live up to what I write.

Geeks, and this encludes me, tend to readily compartmentalise their
lives and interests.  Thus they view their behaviour and activities on
List-X as distinct and effectively unrelated to their behaviour and
activities on List-Y, and they in turn deconstruct and compartmentalise
the social expectations and mores which relate to those sub-divisions in
the same way.  Problem is that the majority of the rest of humanity
doesn't tend to work that way.  Hang out on some non0-technical lists on
Yahoo or Topica for a while.  Right or wrong (I'd argue that is a style
point) they take a much more whole-person approach wherein a person's
participation on the list is holistic, and involved more or less all of
that individual, warts, off-topic oddities, and all.  As such game lists
have regular discussions on baby diaper selection, teen-pop idol bra cup
size, IRS legitimacy urban legends, and fauz virus warnings.

However, this is getting way off topic.

Problem.  Definition.  Solution.  Implementation.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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To: william@elan.net
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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   of "Sat, 29 Mar 2003 17:36:29 PST." <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303291725290.5866-100000@sokol.elan.net>
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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 00:40:13 -0800

On Sat, 29 Mar 2003 17:36:29 -0800 (PST)
william  <william@elan.net> wrote:

> From NOIE (Australian Goverment) Study on Spam: " Spam- Towards a
> Working Definition

(utterly non-argumentatively) My working definition is purely
subjective:

  SPAM is email from people we don't know, and/or don't want to know,
  offering us things we don't want (to know about).

Its a nice subjective definition, which in turn reveals why attempts at
useful objective definitions which can be enforced mb mechanism and
machinery have failed.

In turn that defines what we're (presumably) trying to do with this
group: prevent abuse of mail systems by those people we don't know
and/or don't want to know, offering us things we don't want (to know
about).  "Abuse" would seem the key word.  I don't see much reason to
worry about spammers who don't forge mail headers and who have valid
MXes -- we have plenty pf large and accurate clubs to beat sense into
their heads once we know who they are.  The one's we're actually
interested in are the ones who abuse the system: who exploit open
relays, who forge mail (deliberately or via KLEZ-style virii), or who
otherwise deliberately attempt to circumvent our controls and get that
mail from people we don't know...etc...in front of our eyeballs.

Okay, so we're trying to catch the crooks.  The good guys either fully
play by the rules, or make themselves clearly visible and thus
targetable by playing by the rules (valid headers, MXes, etc).  Its the
guys who are attempting to lie, cheat, and finagle, to break the systen,
that we're interested in.  Or, more simply: we're interested in that
population of mail users we can safely trust to be untrustworthy.

That tends to suggest a standard police/law vs criminal arms race, and
the history of SPAM techniques to date pretty clearly shows that in
Victorian splendor.

> Also I'm currently reviewing all ASRG messages in archive for this
> first month preparing to make summary of work...

Excellent.  Your notes to date have been most useful and thought
provoking.

--
J C Lawrence
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas.
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
cc: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces AND social contracts 
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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 00:46:10 -0800

On Sat, 29 Mar 2003 23:07:29 -0500 
Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:

> Normally you only run into these types of social disagreements when
> you literally have cultural conflicts.  We are in the unusual position
> of trying to patch a virtual culture.  

Umm, that was true before September.  Its definitely not true any more.
We now have several quite different virtual cultures.  That's been part
of the problem.  Not only is it an impedance mismatch between cultures,
but the definition of the cultures involved, as well as their number has
been changing under our feet.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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To: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>
cc: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces 
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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 00:58:35 -0800

On Sat, 29 Mar 2003 23:43:07 -0800 
Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com> wrote:
> On Saturday, March 29, 2003, at 07:08 PM, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

>> Actually that is another issue, which I mentioned under 'lets fix
>> mailing lists'. The problem as I see it is that there should be three
>> options for mailing list messages, reply to the original author,
>> reply to the list and reply to all.

> Mailman 2.1 has put some significant work in this area. By supporting
> the List-* headers, it makes reply/reply-all/reply-list possible, if
> only mail clients would support it. The information is now there. 

Minor correction: The RFC 2369 etc headers (list-*) have been supported
by Mailman though most (all?) of v2.0.x (couple years now), as well as
the current v2.1.  This is not new stuff for Mailman.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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In-Reply-To:  <945354719.20030329142043@brandenburg.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
To: "Dave Crocker"  <dhc@dcrocker.net>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 10:10:42 +0100

> Jon,
> 
> 
> >> Not that it's a solution, but it seems such a person could give
> blanket
> >> consent
> >> for potential collaborators or customers to contact him for
> professional
> >> reasons related to ice cream, and if JK happens to be an eccentric ice
> >> cream
> >> inventor who talks to nobody, then he would presumably not give such
> >> consent
> >> because he truly does not care to be contacted/hired.
> 
> JK> Absolutely - yes. Many possible mechanisms for advertising consent
> JK> before the fact.
> 
> 
> This is a technical forum. Please list any of the technical mechanisms
> that are reasonable candidates for use, in an environment with 100
> million users and tens or hundreds of thousands of independent
> administrative localities.
> 

This is a technical forum - and the point you raise is valid. Accordingly,
discussion of the requirements for such a mechanism in this group is
appropriate *before* a detailed proposal for a mechanism is made. I would
think.

I don't belive a group like this need be restricted to the presentation of
(largely) fully-formed proposals and comment thereon.
There's a lot of work that needs to be done *before* that stage is reached.
If you don't want to be part of that effort - that's your choice.





--
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In-Reply-To:  <20030330043302.GV9659@main.templetons.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Consent
To: "Brad Templeton"  <brad@templetons.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 10:47:59 +0100

>
>In free societies, you don't need advance consent to communicate with
>somebody else. Consent can be rescinded, as in "go away" but it is always
>on by default.


Arrgh - freedom of speech! interesting field - look out for cowpats.

You may not need advance consent to attempt to initiate a communication.

A: "Knock, knock..."

But for the communication to proceed consent is required...

B: "Go away"



>
>And since, on the internet, there is _no_ communication without use of the
>private property of the other party to the communication, it means you
>don't
>need advance consent to use somebody else's property to communicate with
>them. We have declared many times we don't have a right to be annoyed,
>only
>a right not be harassed.
>

That's a non sequitur. You might just as easily turn it around: Because you
don't have a right to
use someones private property without their consent, you don't have a right
to communicate with them.

I can't believe that there's anywhere where my right to "free speech" gives
me the right to stage a political demonstration in your kitchen.

This is not a profitable line of argument.




>To define communication without advance consent as some sort of offence
>would turn our definitions of a free society and an open communications
>system
>upside-down. If somebody gave you a URL, you could not click on it without
>knowing if the web host consented to you clicking on it. If you got a
>referral
>where I told you to e-mail my friend, you could not mail him for fear you
>did
>not have his consent. And If I want to mail you to flame you about how
>stupid
>the opinion you posted on your web site is, well, who would suspect you
>give
>your consent to be flamed?
>
>In our society you can, by default, go up to somebody on the street and
>talk to them.   That is sometimes annoying, but it's a right we actually
>fight hard to protect. You can send them postal mail, without their
>consent.
>It is always assumed to exist in advance.   It can be rescinded -- through
>restraining orders, harassment charges, blockages at the post office etc.
>but
>it is always on by default. People can even come onto your private land to
>come to talk to you unless you explicitly mark it no trespassing.
>
>So because consent would be incredibly difficult to define, and it's a bad
>idea
>to bring it into the spam definition, I respectfully submit that other
>courses should be followed.
>_______________________________________________
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>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
>





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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 11:03:31 +0100

> I do not think 'consent' really has anything to do with a definition of
> 'spam'
> in the context of this problem. I feel that consent with respect to
> messaging
> is TOTALLY subjective and what a real definition addresses is the issue
> of
> policy or 'consent' enforcement after solicitation. I think enforcement
> comes
> via the technical solution we come up with.
> 
> 


OK, consent is subjective. Definition of spam is subjective.

These are not blockers.

Classification of a message is not impossible.
(There are many deployed systems that do this with varying degrees of
"accuracy") Expression of a subjects preferences is not beyond us.

We don't need to define spam. All we will ever need to do is say that 

"this set of message classes does | doesn't have consent for delivery to
this subject."






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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 11:17:02 +0100

> 
> On the other hand, spammers are about consent the way burglars are 
> about knocking. Since there's no consent model spammers will ever 
> follow, it won't solve the spam problem, and solving any other problem 
> doesn't matter until the spam problem is solved.
> 

You're asuming that the only entities that can consult consent are the
message originators.

OK - I'll admit defeat - I have to write some kind of draft for a consent
mechanism.

"...I may be some time" (Laurence Oates).





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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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> > Also I'm currently reviewing all ASRG messages in archive for this
> > first month preparing to make summary of work...
I'v dropped an idea to do a summary, best I'll be able to do is to 
pinpoint the most interesting messages that have either summary of some 
kind, list of important points or a proposal and these are being put 
into structured list of discussion points - summary you'll have to do on 
your own by comparing the messages.

And this will take longer then I thought, I'v already reviewed 500 
messages and still I'm only on March 5th! Will be good if I'm done with 
list archives by end of coming week (i.e. already in April). 
 
> Excellent.  Your notes to date have been most useful and thought
> provoking.
Thank you.
 
> --
> J C Lawrence
> ---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas.
> claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?
> http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
> _______________________________________________
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> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 07:11:06 -0700 (MST)

> From: "John R Levine" <johnl@iecc.com>

> ...
> I can certainly imagine situations where spam could masquerade as
> individual messages well enough to fool some people, but I don't see that
> as a big problem.  So long as most of the recipients can figure out that
> it's spam, any negative feedback scheme we invent will still work.

Yes.
The fact each of us has probably been fooled once, twice, three or
even more times does not change the fact that anyone and everyone who
should be allowed an unsupervised mail account can and does bulk mail
from single, isolated samples with better than 99.9% accuracy.

The famous legal saying that hard cases make bad law applies to laws
against spam as well as technical defenses.  It is a major mistake to
try to make laws or computers against spam absolutely perfect.   Any
law or computer defense that even approaches being a perfect spam
filter has catatrophic unintended consequences.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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> > Should they engage in the conversation of this list (as opposed to
> > sending spam), then I would say "yes".
> 
> How do I know whether Ralsky has subscribed?  Whenever I subscribe to
> a mailing list, do you say I should remove all spam defenses in case
> Ralsky has already subscribed and wants to send some private non-spam?

No,  but if you send an email to ralsky rather than the list the email
infrastructure should not automatically filter out the reply on the basis
of a block on the IP block Ralsky is in.

Nor should you create bounce messages in this case, its spam. If you 
don't want to read the message fine, but sending autoresponses to 
someone sending you have decided not to read is schoolyard 
nerner-nerner type stuff.

The problem with security is that it is very easy to solve if you
define the problem to be an easy one rather than solving the real
problem. If you don't care about false positives then go ahead and
block all email from freeserve.co.uk, even though pretty much
everyone in the UK who is on the Internet has at least one account 
with freeserve, virgin or another 'free' provider. The reason that
spamers choose these domains as flags of convenience is because
there are so many legitimate users.

The argument I am making here is that email should not be bounced
or discarded on the information from the MTA alone.

Furthermore perhaps people could explain why it is necessary to
have bounce messages in an alleged 'end-to-end' architecture.
I can see the need for the four server model, but why do we
have to cope with people with chains of fifteen relays?

I think that a lot of the problems we are having here are
due to the imposition of a pseudo-intelligent store and forward
architecture rather than true end to end.

		Phill
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 08:09:16 -0700 (MST)

> From: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>

> ...
> FWIW, here's MY definition of spam. I want to take content completely 
> out of it to the greatest extent possible.
>
> Spam is email where there is not legitimate attempt to allow receivers 
> to define their consent agreement, or no legitimate attempt to honor it.
>
> spam is that stuff that tries to hide it's consent agreement with me 
> through forged identification, tries to prevent me from changing that 
> consent agreement through fraudulent or missing return communication 
> paths, or ignores those change requests and doesn't intend to honor 
> them if I do actually get a request to them.
> ...

As written, that is a bad definition, because it allows and even
encourages literally hundreds millions of advertisers to individually
ask you to opt-out.

If DMA members and fellow travelers would allow and honor a global,
individual address opt-out mechanism, then their spam would be irritating
but tolerable.  The DMA's previous opt-out efforts have shown they
will always fight such a thing, just as they are now fighting the
national telemarketing do-not-call list.  They know that as soon as
such a list existed, common tools for creating accounts would sprout
"check boxes" or other buttons that add new addresses to the global
opt-out list.  (Please, no nitpicking about my blurring of distinctions
among various direct marketing and telemarketing assocations.)



] From: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>

] ...
] In turn that defines what we're (presumably) trying to do with this
] group: prevent abuse of mail systems by those people we don't know
] and/or don't want to know, offering us things we don't want (to know
] about).  "Abuse" would seem the key word.  I don't see much reason to
] worry about spammers who don't forge mail headers and who have valid
] MXes -- we have plenty pf large and accurate clubs to beat sense into
] their heads once we know who they are. ...

That is mistaken for more than one reason.  One is that there are too
many hundreds of millions (100,000,000) of organizations that do not
forge mail headers, have valid MX DNS RRs (or plain A RRs), to be
"known" in any practical sense.  In the U.S. alone there something
like 20,000,000 corporations.  At least 1% of them could reasonably
ask you to opt-out or have a rogue, about to be fired salescritter
that decides that a push advertising campaign might let the salescritter
"meet plan", keep its job, and couldn't make things worse.

Another reason is that the major clubs against unsolicited bulk mail
from the Fortune 50,000,000 are too coarse.  It is impractical to
block spam from Dell Computers by IP address or domain name without
blocking all mail from Dell Computers.  That coarse blocking is
completely unworkable for all except the tiny minority of kooks like
me who so object to junk U.S.Postal Service that we've sent complaints
in pre-paid envelopes.  The only defenses against that sort of spam
that I know of are automated body filters such as the DCC.

I am not worried about the current flood of spam with genuinely forged
headers (i.e. not merely using free provider drop-boxes) or other
tricks including "hash busters."  The DMA will soon finish passing
laws in all major jurisdictions that criminalize header forgery as
the first step in saving "push advertising".  (The other jurisdictions
can be blacklisted by IP address.)

 ...

Please stop talking about the wondersof mechanisms that are not email
(i.e. advertising).  They may be much better than email, but they are
irrelevant and off-topic here.  We are supposed to be dealing with
email spam.  If fixing the email spam problem is hopeless, then perhaps
a new IRTF or IETF group will be created to consider replacements for
SMTP.  It would make sense to advertise such a new group or mailing
list here several times.  Still, we are about fixing email spam, not
the wonderful additions to Mailman to support something other than email.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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>>This is a technical forum. Please list any of the technical mechanisms
...
JY> These sorts of minute-by-minute challenges are unlikely to lead to anything
JY> useful. Why can't you just say that if someone wants to promote the idea
JY> of a consent mechanism, that they should announce a research thread and
JY> pursue it.


There are approximately and infinite number of ideas that can be
suggested. We have limited resources and only a few idea are likely to
be productive.

If an idea has not had enough thought behind it, to strongly suggest that pursuing
the idea will be productive, then it should not be pursued.

When someone suggests that an idea be pursued, they have a
responsibility to offer its technical basis.

Otherwise, it is just a random thought with almost no chance of being
useful.

These "minute-by-minute challenges" are being offered in response to
minute-by-minute "requirements". This is a difficult topic and
productive work on it requires respecting its difficulty.

An idea that sounds good must also have enough technical basis
accompanying it to demonstrate that it might be productive for this
group to pursue.



KH> We started down the "let's define spam" path on this list a week or
KH> so ago and then gave up.  I think that was wise.

KH> How about another approach.  Define what the problem with spam 
KH> is--and then instead of focusing on defining the specifics of spam, 
KH> focus on solutions to the problems that spam (and possibly other 
KH> email) causes.


I think that is a fine idea.  I don't care whether we define spam or
another term, but we MUST have an objective, technical definition of the
problem we are working on.  Agreeing on an objective, technical
description of the problem's EFFECT sounds like an excellent approach.

Otherwise each of us is trying to solve a different problem.

Now for the bad news: The description needs to have enough technical
meat to permit us to pursue it with some change of success. For example,
saying something generic, like "prevent delivery of mail the recipient
does not want to get" is not going to get us anywhere productive.


  ---

Hmmmm.  It occurs to me that I keep saying that this problem requires
multiple components to the "solution".  No one thing is going to fix the
problem.

Perhaps we need a cascading sequence of definitions, starting from the
most simple and mechanical, up to one that is quite general.  The simple
one permits a simple mechanism that will be easy to build, will work
reliably, but eliminate only a percentage of the problem mail.  Each
definition becomes more general, and leads to a mechanism that is more
general, and less reliable, but has some utility.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> ...
> > How do I know whether Ralsky has subscribed?  Whenever I subscribe to
> > a mailing list, do you say I should remove all spam defenses in case
> > Ralsky has already subscribed and wants to send some private non-spam?
>
> No,  but if you send an email to ralsky rather than the list the email
> infrastructure should not automatically filter out the reply on the basis
> of a block on the IP block Ralsky is in.
> ...

There is no excuse for bouncing private responses to private messages.
One or two can be accidents or mistakes, but if you block Ralsky, then
you should not send to Ralsky (or Verisign).


> The problem with security is that it is very easy to solve if you
> define the problem to be an easy one rather than solving the real
> problem. If you don't care about false positives then go ahead and
> block all email from freeserve.co.uk, even though pretty much
> everyone in the UK who is on the Internet has at least one account 
> with freeserve, virgin or another 'free' provider. The reason that
> spamers choose these domains as flags of convenience is because
> there are so many legitimate users.
> ...

If the number of users were the reason for the popularity of free
providers among spammers, then AOL would have more spammers than the
most popular providers of free spam drop boxes.  (Hotmail is not most
popular in the spam I see.)  The reasons spammers use free provider
drop-boxes are that free provider drop-boxes are free, spammers can have
almost as many drop-boxes as they want (up to tens of thousands until
recently), and there are no consequences for network abuse involving
free provider drop-boxes except the loss of individual drop-boxes.

The blacklist documented in http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/freemail.html
has an extremely low false positive rate for mail that is sent toward
rhyolite.com and other domains that eventually reach my mailbox.  I
think there has been a single false positive in 2003 for all of the
(quite few but >1) users @rhyolite.com, and that case involves a literally
forged netscape.net address adopted by someone trying to hide her real
address from spammers.  That is much better than 99.9% accuracy and
better than the underlying failure rate of SMTP email. 

I don't know that my U.K. correspondents have taken special steps to
avoid my filters, but I have good reasons to doubt it.  Perhaps I
don't correspond to with "pretty much everyone in the UK."


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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At 7:17 -0800 3/30/03, Dave Crocker wrote:
>  >>This is a technical forum. Please list any of the technical mechanisms
>...
>JY> These sorts of minute-by-minute challenges are unlikely to lead 
>to anything
>JY> useful. Why can't you just say that if someone wants to promote the idea
>JY> of a consent mechanism, that they should announce a research thread and
>JY> pursue it.
>
>
>There are approximately and infinite number of ideas that can be
>suggested. We have limited resources and only a few idea are likely to
>be productive.
>
>If an idea has not had enough thought behind it, to strongly suggest 
>that pursuing
>the idea will be productive, then it should not be pursued.

I don't think i can agree with that. I'd rather see some evidence 
first than trying
to pass judgement about someone's idea. If there's an idea here, maybe the best
thing is to reply with suggestions. If it's been proposed before, 
then don't debate
it, send the poster back to do some reading and if you have pointers, 
offer them.

The issue at hand in this thread was something about "consent" and 
frankly, there seems
to be no consensus here. If someone(s) believe that "consent" can be 
codified and made to
work, then send them off to work on it for awhile and then come back 
to tell us what
they've learned.

>When someone suggests that an idea be pursued, they have a
>responsibility to offer its technical basis.
>Otherwise, it is just a random thought with almost no chance of being
>useful.
>These "minute-by-minute challenges" are being offered in response to
>minute-by-minute "requirements". This is a difficult topic and
>productive work on it requires respecting its difficulty.

These minute-by-minute challenges are serving only to increase the rate of
minute-by-minute responses. I'll say it again... If someone thinks they've got
a good solution, they need to be sent off to work on it.

>An idea that sounds good must also have enough technical basis
>accompanying it to demonstrate that it might be productive for this
>group to pursue.

And where will that technical basis come from? From going off to work on it
and coming back with results.

>I think that is a fine idea.  I don't care whether we define spam or
>another term, but we MUST have an objective, technical definition of the
>problem we are working on.  Agreeing on an objective, technical
>description of the problem's EFFECT sounds like an excellent approach.
>
>Otherwise each of us is trying to solve a different problem.

I think it will be more useful to define some problems. The problem is not
"spam exists"... the problem seems to be something about too many undesired
messages hitting ISPs and their customers, which messages can't be made to
stop using current art, or something. I don't think you're going to define
much with specificity... each of the possible "solutions" approaches a
subset of what we recognize as the "spam problem" - let the solution
writer state what problem he is trying to solve.


>Hmmmm.  It occurs to me that I keep saying that this problem requires
>multiple components to the "solution".  No one thing is going to fix the
>problem.
>
>Perhaps we need a cascading sequence of definitions, starting from the
>most simple and mechanical, up to one that is quite general.  The simple
>one permits a simple mechanism that will be easy to build, will work
>reliably, but eliminate only a percentage of the problem mail.  Each
>definition becomes more general, and leads to a mechanism that is more
>general, and less reliable, but has some utility.

I think that will lead to a cascade of arguments about definitions.

If there will be many solutions to many problems, they probably will not fit
neatly together.

Use the list to hook up people who believe in/against some approach, hook them
up so they can work together, send them off to work on it and invite 
them to come
back when there's something defensible to show. Only then will it be 
useful to look
at what they've got and pass judgement on whether it's useful 
generally, and whether
it's compatible with other bits of solution.

I haven't read even one of the multi-page back-of-envelope 
"solutions" that have
been posted here.

May I also suggest that a proper use for this group would be to define the
features and data that must be present for any proposed solution or research to
be taken seriously?
	eg: - what must change for this to work
	- what is the impact on those who don't have it
	- in/compatibility with existing infrastructure
	- results of test against some standard corpus
	- analysis of adaptations and workarounds
	- simulation where appropriate


or just debate what spam means til yer pink and gelatinous in the face.
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On Sun, 30 Mar 2003 03:07:39 -0800 (PST) 
william  <william@elan.net> wrote:

> I'v dropped an idea to do a summary, best I'll be able to do is to
> pinpoint the most interesting messages that have either summary of
> some kind, list of important points or a proposal and these are being
> put into structured list of discussion points - summary you'll have to
> do on your own by comparing the messages.

> And this will take longer then I thought, I'v already reviewed 500
> messages and still I'm only on March 5th! Will be good if I'm done
> with list archives by end of coming week (i.e. already in April).

Aye, I'd worried about the work load involved.  Fair dinkum.  Even the
above is a significant value add, especially if you can quote URLs into
the archives (MessageIDs are the next best for me). 

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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On Sunday, March 30, 2003, at 02:03  AM, Jon Kyme wrote:

> OK, consent is subjective. Definition of spam is subjective.
>
> These are not blockers.
>

they don't need to be. In this forum, and in the larger fight this 
forum has been trying to get a handle on, they have been.


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I am? I don't think I've really attempted to define it in any way, 
other than one simplistic analogy.

In truth, there are going to be both individual and organizational 
consent issues ("no solicitors" on the front door, in a gated 
community; companies don't allow solicitors to walk among the cubes of 
their company). I can refuse consent on an individual basis ("No thank 
you, please leave") or to the company that hires the solicitors ("no 
call lists"), or perhaps to organizations that manage 
multi-organization consent issues.

On Sunday, March 30, 2003, at 02:17  AM, Jon Kyme wrote:

> You're asuming that the only entities that can consult consent are the
> message originators.

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On Sunday, March 30, 2003, at 07:09  AM, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> As written, that is a bad definition, because it allows and even
> encourages literally hundreds millions of advertisers to individually
> ask you to opt-out.

right now, that's still an improvement over the status quo. Until we 
GET to that point, trying to deal with that kind of consent issue 
doesn't really matter. and your numbers blow the issue well out of 
proportion. Potentially, ever person in China could choose to call my 
house to wish me happy birthday, too. I don't propose legislation to 
prevent it.

You're trying to turn e-marketers into spammers again, Vernon, and 
merging the two problems into one. that's a failed strategy, and I 
won't go there.

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> From: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>

> > As written, that is a bad definition, because it allows and even
> > encourages literally hundreds millions of advertisers to individually
> > ask you to opt-out.
>
> right now, that's still an improvement over the status quo. Until we 
> GET to that point, trying to deal with that kind of consent issue 
> doesn't really matter. and your numbers blow the issue well out of 
> proportion. 

If you look at the numbers from outside a job in the nascent "legitimate"
spam industry, you see that would be worse than the status quo.  There
are only about 1500 serious spammers today.  When they are terminated
by governments and the obvious criminal associations fade from bulk
mail offers, we will have at least 1-3 dozen daily important offers
and opt-out "requests" from the Fortune 50,000,000.

As I've said more than once including in the message that Mr. Von
Rospach partly quoted, I think the solution for the current problem
of fly by night and criminal spammers will come from governments,
and that solution will make problems related to other sorts of
"e-marketers" worse.

There are more than 20,000,000 corporations registered in the U.S.
At least 1% of them might reasonably send you one opt-out request per
year.  That would put 54 opt-out requests into your mailbox every day.
That is a significantly higher spam-load than many and I think most
end-users suffer today.

"Legitimate" spammers would be happy to send us as much unsolicited
and unwanted junk email as we now get in paper.  I receive 1 to 2 dozen
pieces of paper junk every day.  I do not want the same in my email box.


>             Potentially, ever person in China could choose to call my 
> house to wish me happy birthday, too. I don't propose legislation to 
> prevent it.

That is silly, irrelevant nonsense.

> You're trying to turn e-marketers into spammers again, Vernon, and 
> merging the two problems into one. that's a failed strategy, and I 
> won't go there.

I think Mr. Von Rospach knows that is a gross misrepresentation of
my positions.

If you are an "e-marketer," there are more than two spam problems.
However, for most of us, there is only one spam problem, large amounts
of junk in our mailboxes.  We will require more than one solution for
the parts of the problem, but the problem is solitary.

There are many sorts of "e-marketers," and many are not spammers.
Some are spammers flogging sexual performance enhancements while others
want to sell computers.  Some spammers use forged headers and try to
hide, while other spammers are completely up-front and open.  Some
"e-marketers" are members in good standing of the DMA and others have
had their efforts interrupted by being involuntary guests of state
and local governments.

Some "e-marketers" make honest efforts to avoid sending spam, while
others that I think are DMA members are the opposite.  I keep mentioning
spam from Dell Computers, but I consider Dell one of the reasonably
careful "e-marketers."  American Express and Verisign/NetworkSolutions
(before or after that merger and divorce) are examples of unvarnished
corporate spammers among "e-marketers."  Dell is an example of the
fact that absolutely every large outfit will occassionally err and
send spam.  (perhaps I'm wrong; I've also had problems with unsolicited
FAX ads from Dell.)  Only organiziations that are too small to have
any turnover in their marketing and sales organizations can hope to
never make a mistake.  Contrary to some kooks and to Mr.  Von Rospach's
efforts to tar those of us who do not like unsolicited bulk email
advertising, that does not imply that all outfits are spammers any
more than the fact that everyone breaks traffic laws makes all of us
convicted felons or even merely reckless drivers.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Chuq Von Rospach'" <chuqui@plaidworks.com>,
        "william@elan.net"
	 <william@elan.net>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] define spam
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I agree, I only add that it does not matter how many or what the nature of 
distribution is, only that the parameters of establishing or terminating the 
'consent agreement' have been invalidated by a rouge player (the 'spammer').

-e

On Sunday, March 30, 2003 2:33 AM, Chuq Von Rospach 
[SMTP:chuqui@plaidworks.com] wrote:
>
> On Saturday, March 29, 2003, at 05:36  PM, william@elan.net wrote:
>
> > "
> > Spam- Towards a Working Definition
> >
>
> FWIW, here's MY definition of spam. I want to take content completely
> out of it to the greatest extent possible.
>
> Spam is email where there is not legitimate attempt to allow receivers
> to define their consent agreement, or no legitimate attempt to honor it.
>
> spam is that stuff that tries to hide it's consent agreement with me
> through forged identification, tries to prevent me from changing that
> consent agreement through fraudulent or missing return communication
> paths, or ignores those change requests and doesn't intend to honor
> them if I do actually get a request to them.
>
> Spam has nothing to do with content. It has everything to do with not
> allowing me to stop receiving it. How they prevent me from changing my
> consent agreement is irrelevant; that they prevent me from changing it
> makes it spam.
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 11:09:44 -0800

On Sun, 30 Mar 2003 08:09:16 -0700 (MST)
Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
>> From: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>

>> In turn that defines what we're (presumably) trying to do with this
>> group: prevent abuse of mail systems by those people we don't know
>> and/or don't want to know, offering us things we don't want (to know
>> about).  "Abuse" would seem the key word.  I don't see much reason to
>> worry about spammers who don't forge mail headers and who have valid
>> MXes -- we have plenty pf large and accurate clubs to beat sense into
>> their heads once we know who they are. ...

> That is mistaken for more than one reason.  One is that there are too
> many hundreds of millions (100,000,000) of organizations that do not
> forge mail headers, have valid MX DNS RRs (or plain A RRs), to be
> "known" in any practical sense.  In the U.S. alone there something
> like 20,000,000 corporations.  At least 1% of them could reasonably
> ask you to opt-out or have a rogue, about to be fired salescritter
> that decides that a push advertising campaign might let the
> salescritter "meet plan", keep its job, and couldn't make things
> worse.

> Another reason is that the major clubs against unsolicited bulk mail
> from the Fortune 50,000,000 are too coarse.  It is impractical to
> block spam from Dell Computers by IP address or domain name without
> blocking all mail from Dell Computers.  That coarse blocking is
> completely unworkable for all except the tiny minority of kooks like
> me who so object to junk U.S.Postal Service that we've sent complaints
> in pre-paid envelopes.  The only defenses against that sort of spam
> that I know of are automated body filters such as the DCC.

While true, I do not see that as a problem that can be solved by
technical constraints.  To get noticeable traction on that larger
problem needs non-technical methods; legal supports, DMA opt-out lists
with penalties, etc.  Its not resolvable purely at the transport or
protocol level.  However the problems of rogue spammers who forge,
exploit, and cheat can be better far constrained and defined than is
allowed by the current system, which in turn allows the application of
non-technical problem resolutions (law suits, public lynching, nuclear
weaponry, etc), and its that latter space I'm interested in.

More simply: If we do wish to resolve those non-technical problems, then
this list has the wrong audience and wrong membership.  

> I am not worried about the current flood of spam with genuinely forged
> headers (i.e. not merely using free provider drop-boxes) or other
> tricks including "hash busters."  

I am.  We differ.

> The DMA will soon finish passing laws in all major jurisdictions that
> criminalize header forgery as the first step in saving "push
> advertising".  (The other jurisdictions can be blacklisted by IP
> address.)

Sadly the other jurisdictions can be fairly accurately defined as
!=America (tho in a few years that may expand to != (America +
EuropeanUnion).  While I'm glad that some find that an interesting
problem space, I'm not one of them.

> They may be much better than email, but they are irrelevant and
> off-topic here.

I'll merely note that recognition and analysis of protocols that do not
exhibit or allow the problem we see under SMTP can be useful.

--
J C Lawrence
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas.
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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From: Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com>
To: Troy Rollo <asrg@troy.rollo.name>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Consent
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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 11:39:50 -0800

On Sun, Mar 30, 2003 at 03:26:33PM +1000, Troy Rollo wrote:
> At 20:33 29/03/03 -0800, Brad Templeton wrote:
>         c. What can reasonably be inferred by the actions of
>            the possessor of the property.

You make a number of good points, so let me drop to the other problem
I pointed out with consent issues, which is the difficult technical
challenge of finding a way to figure out consent when we have all sorts
of vague definitions of implied consent, and so many different preferences
among individuals as to what consents they wish to give.

Even in this group we have seen many people express different views over
what they think is spam, vs. mail they think they have implicitly consented
to receive.   Just this week we've debated the suggestion that if you post
to a mailing list you consent to replies to your messages from others, but
not to automatic replies from broken bots, and possibly not to off-topic
replies -- for example most would say that posting here doesn't allow me to
reply to them to offer them cheap blue sex pills.

I see it as intractable to define a mechanism for definition of advance
consent.   As in, "I don't know who you are or what your message is about but
I rescind consent in advance if it meets criteria X."   If we could come up
with a language that workably described all the "X" people are interested
in which could also be handled well by people mailing material that might
meet criteria X, that would be interesting but I don't hold much hope for
such a language.

> 
> that SMTP as a protocol demonstrates a design centred on person to person 
> messages and another protocol (NNTP) demonstrates a design centred on 
> broadcast messages (even having substantially the same message format) 

Unfortunately bulk mail has a long history, predating even newsgroups by
many years.  I have gone down this course before, but I can't escape the
conclusion that bulk mail is considered one of the legitimate uses of
mail.  How can we as we discuss it on a mailing list?  However, it is definitely
secondary.
> 
> This is clearly within the scope of implied consent, because it is (a) 
> necessary, (b) accepted, and (c) reasonably inferred by the actions in 
> putting up a web site.

Unfortunately it is not so "clear" as there are many court cases about this,
about issues such as deep linking, inlining and spidering in various forms.
People want to give consent to some (google) but not to others (shopping bots
or deep linkers) and so on.

If only this were clear.
> 
> Person to person email is clearly within the scope of implied consent and 
> testing against the three criteria clearly indicates that this would be so.

I thinks so but again, I have seen many in the anti-spam community offer
extreme definitions which include person to person mail.  CAUCE, a fairly
major organization in the anti-spam community, has pushed its lobbying
efforts around single e-mails from the start, and so have many others.

It is alas, not clear.

> This one is a little more difficult. Arguments on the "necessity" of this 
> could go either way. It is probable that inference from conduct would go 
> against, since most people don't like to be flamed. The acceptance test 
> would suggest that society accepts the need to infer implied consent for 
> flames, although this may vary depending on the free speech beliefs of the 
> particular society.

I think you aptly demonstrate the technological impossiblity of making a
protocol based way to define advance consent.   

Rescinded consent is of course much easer (and implementable at the endpoint)
A blacklist is rescinded consent -- if only blacklists didn't have all their
other problems.
> 
> "No trespassing" is probably insufficient for this purpose. The sign would 
> have to make it clear that implied consent is withdrawn, or withdrawn for a 
> particular class. For example, "No hawking" clearly withdraws consent for 
> door-to-door salespeople, but "No trespassing" per se is redundant, since 
> if there is consent (even implied consent) there is no trespass.

These signs rely on being in human natural languages.  So people have a wide
scope on what they can put on the sign, and it is handled by another natural
intelligence.   No such luck in SMTP.
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On Sunday, March 30, 2003, at 09:31  AM, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> (perhaps I'm wrong;

Nah. not possible.

But I've had my say, I won't rehash it again. but when people start 
posturing by doign things like saying "Mr. Von Rospach", it's clear the 
discussion is actually over, anyway.




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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200303302024.h2UKO38Q002189@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 13:24:03 -0700 (MST)

> From: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>

> ...
> > in pre-paid envelopes.  The only defenses against that sort of spam
> > that I know of are automated body filters such as the DCC.
>
> While true, I do not see that as a problem that can be solved by
> technical constraints.  To get noticeable traction on that larger
> problem needs non-technical methods; legal supports, DMA opt-out lists
> with penalties, etc.  Its not resolvable purely at the transport or
> protocol level. 

I may be biased, but I disagree.  The DCC is works best against
unsolicited bulk email from corporations and others that don't try to
hide or fail to hide sufficently.  It is currently working to the tune
of millions of spam/day and at what some users claim is better than
95% effectiveness.  If you don't know what I'm talking about, then if
I could suggest that you look around for technical mechanisms including
Brightmail, Postini, Cloudmark, Pyzor, and the DCC without being
offensive, I would.

>                  However the problems of rogue spammers who forge,
> exploit, and cheat can be better far constrained and defined than is
> allowed by the current system, which in turn allows the application of
> non-technical problem resolutions (law suits, public lynching, nuclear
> weaponry, etc), and its that latter space I'm interested in.

I have not seen in this list or elsewhere any useful technical mechanisms
to deal with "rogue" spammers that really forge headers (as opposed
to using temporary drop-boxes) or do other illegal things (illegal in
many jurisdictions).

  - Mechanisms that involve new authentication or authorization
   mechanisms cannot and will not work any better than the old and
   well established mechanisms based on IP addresses, domain names, 
   PGP keys, and commercial and self-signed certificates.

  - mechanisms that are less than X% effective until at least X% of
   users utilize them for X >= 0.2% are hopeless.  It will always be
   extremely difficult to get 1,000,000 people to use any new anti-spam
   or email mechanisms that do not benefit them significantly.  If I
   didn't already know, I would have learned from the DCC that the
   first million users are hard even for a system that is 80% effective
   from the first.  Once you have a million users, you have only 0.2%
   of the on-line population.  If your threshold of effectivenewss is
   10%, not even getting AOL to apply your mechanism will work.

 - almost all spammers are easily identifable to people with minimal
  technical clues.  That fact has not helped us use lynching, bombs,
  etc. against them.

What good have lynching and so forth been so far? 
How are they relevant to this mailing list?


> More simply: If we do wish to resolve those non-technical problems, then
> this list has the wrong audience and wrong membership.  

That's true, but it is also true that it is a waste of time to consider
technical solutions that are obviously useless because of non-technical
issues such as thresholds.  Design by wishful thinking was popular in
the Dot-Com era and has always been popular in Usenet, but it is
always useless and less profitable than other autoerotic exercises.

> ...
> > The DMA will soon finish passing laws in all major jurisdictions that
> > criminalize header forgery as the first step in saving "push
> > advertising".  (The other jurisdictions can be blacklisted by IP
> > address.)
>
> Sadly the other jurisdictions can be fairly accurately defined as
> !=America (tho in a few years that may expand to != (America +
> EuropeanUnion).  While I'm glad that some find that an interesting
> problem space, I'm not one of them.

I'm not sure what you're saying.  If you are saying that no progess
is being made on laws against spam in Europe and the U.S., then you
are mistaken.  The progress is slow, but quite significant.
See http://www.spamlaws.com/

If you agree that laws in Developed World are arriving, then are you
saying that stopping spam from organizations in the Developed World
would not be a major improvement?  Note that as far as the law is
concerned, spam sent via distant computers or networks is still "from"
the developed world if it is on behalf of Developed World outfits.
Lawyers and congresscritters don't know about and so aren't fooled by
IP routing, TCP proxies, or SMTP relays.

I certainly do not find working on laws an "interesting problem space."
It's possible the IRTF could effectively recommend laws, but I doubt
it.  I know I'm not lawyer enough (or at all) to write laws.


> > They may be much better than email, but they are irrelevant and
> > off-topic here.
>
> I'll merely note that recognition and analysis of protocols that do not
> exhibit or allow the problem we see under SMTP can be useful.

Many things are useful, but most of them have nothing to do with stopping
email spam.  This mailing list is about stopping email spam.  Until
someone proves that requires stopping SMTP email, we are constrained
to deal with STMP.  It might be right that SMTP must be replaced because
of spam or other reasons (I don't agree), but such discussions are more
irrelevant and off-topic here than whether SPEWS ever blocked all of
UUNET (never happened) or whether I influence SPEWS (I don't).


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200303302032.h2UKW7rB003162@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 13:32:07 -0700 (MST)

> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
> From: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>

> On Sunday, March 30, 2003, at 09:31  AM, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>
> > (perhaps I'm wrong;
>
> Nah. not possible.
>
> But I've had my say, I won't rehash it again. but when people start 
> posturing by doign things like saying "Mr. Von Rospach", it's clear the 
> discussion is actually over, anyway.

A minor point of order or style:  I get formal when I'm trying to
avoid unintended insults.  

Yes, this message is also noise.   My excuse is that I really think
that getting formal is sometimes good and necessary.  When you can't
seem to avoid someone's name and are having a "mutual regard" problem,
you usually add insult by being informal.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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I do so love it when people pull these games in the middle of a private 
conversation.

Now I'm convinced this group has shown why groups like this won't solve 
the problem. And I think he proves my belief the insult was intentional.

Begin forwarded message:

> From: Mail Delivery Subsystem <MAILER-DAEMON>
> Date: Sun Mar 30, 2003  1:28:08  PM US/Pacific
> To: <chuqui@plaidworks.com>
> Subject: Returned mail: see transcript for details
>
> The original message was received at Sun, 30 Mar 2003 13:27:54 -0800 
> (PST)
> from dsl081-078-186.sfo1.dsl.speakeasy.net [64.81.78.186]
>
>    ----- The following addresses had permanent fatal errors -----
> <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
>     (reason: 550 5.7.1 REJECT go away: Sent to DCC)
>
>    ----- Transcript of session follows -----
> ... while talking to calcite.rhyolite.com.:
>>>> DATA
> <<< 550 5.7.1 REJECT go away: Sent to DCC
> 554 5.0.0 Service unavailable
> Reporting-MTA: dns; plaidworks.com
> Arrival-Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 13:27:54 -0800 (PST)
>
> Final-Recipient: RFC822; vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com
> Action: failed
> Status: 5.7.1
> Remote-MTA: DNS; calcite.rhyolite.com
> Diagnostic-Code: SMTP; 550 5.7.1 REJECT go away: Sent to DCC
> Last-Attempt-Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 13:28:08 -0800 (PST)
>
> From: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>
> Date: Sun Mar 30, 2003  1:27:53  PM US/Pacific
> To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
>
>
>
> On Sunday, March 30, 2003, at 12:32  PM, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>
>> A minor point of order or style:  I get formal when I'm trying to
>> avoid unintended insults.
>>
>
> that's okay, I felt it was intentional all along. I'm still of that 
> mind.
>
>
>
>

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] More clueless spam bounces AND social contracts
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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 17:54:54 -0500

At 10:09 PM -0700 3/29/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>Whatever your reasoning really says instead of my guesses, it seems
>awfully complicated.  I think it all becomes simple, clear, predictable,

What I expect people on a list to do is what they'd do if they were 
in a room together.  If you stop thinking of things in technical 
terms, and think of them in social terms, then the rules are quite 
simple.  And if you discover you've accidentally dissed someone, then 
I would expect you to apologize and not do it in the future.  If you 
don't want to do that, fine.  But recognize that it's at the very 
least rude, and quite possibly counter productive to the goals of the 
list.

If you want to continue the conversation, please respond to me off 
list--as this topic is far afield.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.puremessaging.com/        Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: [Asrg] The consent continuum
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Date: 30 Mar 2003 22:23:02 -0500

>I think it's trivial to define consent.

It's hard because it's not a binary flag, it's a continuum.

At one end, Chuq can send me any mail he wants.  I know him well
enough to be confident that anything he's going to send me will
be OK with me.

At the other end, I have told Verisign many times that I don't want
them to send me any mail, for any reason, ever.  I just reminded them
of that last week when they sent me a message saying "we know you told
us to go away forever, but did you change your mind?"  I don't care if
they notice my house burning down or find my wallet on the street
containing a million dollars in cash, I don't want to hear about it
from them.

Those are easy.  The hard part is the limited consent we all give to
bulk mailers.  There's a company in Virginia that sends me one or two
messages a year saying "do you want to send your sister the same ham
you sent her last year?"  That message is fine.  If they sent me an
occasional message saying "we're now selling peanut-fed smoked squid,
on special this month for $99.95", that would be OK, too.  But the
more the volume cranks up and the farther they get from the original
point of the communication, the more strained the consent gets.

Where it gets tough is in co-registration, when they say "would you
like to get occasional messages from our carefully screened affiliate
organizations?" which some people haven't yet figured out means "you
won't believe how many low-lifes there are that'll pay us 3 cents per
address for our list."  Once you've done that, you're screwed because
even if you tell the original contact to stop, there's never a
mechanism to pass the revocation through to the hundreds of other
people to whom the address has been directly or indirectly sold.  I've
had to abandon at least one address because I didn't notice that the
place to whom I gave it did co-reg.  The most infamous case of this is
Michael Rathbun's "Nadine" story, about an address provided once to a
co-reg site by a woman who typed it wrong, and the incredible number
of places it's ended up.

So I think we can make some general rules about consent, but it's no
likelier that we can define it rigorously than we can define spam
rigorously.

Some suggestions:

* No consent is needed for one-to-one mail, although of course you
can tell individuals to go away.

* Consent for bulk mail has to be given in a context where both
parties understand what kind and amount of bulk mail it means.  Again,
the receipient has to be able to make it stop.

* Repurposing consent can't happen.  If I give you an address for one
purpose, i.e., mail about ham, you can't then send me mail about
travel packages to pork farming country.  The line between what's a
normal variation of the original purpose and what's repurposing is a
semantic one that we can argue about forever, but I suspect that in
most cases where repurposing is an issue, it'll be obvious.

-- 
John R. Levine, IECC, POB 727, Trumansburg NY 14886 +1 607 387 6869
johnl@iecc.com, Village Trustee and Sewer Commissioner, http://iecc.com/johnl, 
Member, Provisional board, Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial E-mail
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] It's not spam, it's ooga-booga... Was: 5c. Message Status
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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 22:36:23 -0500

On Sat, Mar 29, 2003 at 07:16:51PM -0800, pattib@gammon.com wrote
> >  I don't consent to 1) and I don't consent to 2).  I do not see any
> >difference.
> 
> Ah, but some people *do* consent to 2), and they would like to receive
> the weekly cheez-wiz recipes that they've otped into.

  That's the "human-shield effect" that some e-marketers rely on.
Outfits like PennMedia/Shagmail and Topica send newsletters/whatever to
known unconfirmed lists.  Like you said, there are some people who do
subscribe to them, but others who don't want the stuff still end up
getting it.  The sending outfits rely on the fact that the few willing
subscribers will complain if their ISPs blocking them outright.  When you
get *THE SAME CONTENT FROM THE SAME IP ADDRESS* being sent to both willing
and unwilling recipients, it becomes more difficult to block.  This tends
to happen most often with "advertiser-supported" newsletters, where the
number of "subscribers" determines how much the mailing company gets
paid by advertisers.

> >  The *ONLY* difference is that the people behind "legitimate marketing
> >stuff" make campaign contributions, and there's less liklihood of the
> >"legitimate" spam advertising stuff that's blatantly illegal.  Folks,
> >it's about *CONSENT* not *CONTENT*.
> 
> False.  The difference is that legitimate email marketers try pretty
> hard to only send mail to people who want to receive it.  Just because
> you don't want to know what's on sale over at piggly wiggly doesn't
> mean that I don't.  In fact, I subscribe to somewhere between one and
> two dozen separate email marketing streams right now.

  And I'm sure that you're not interested in a mailing list on the CRUX
distro of linux, plus various other stuff that I subscribe to.  I *OPTED
IN* to those lists, versus havimg to *OPT OUT* of a gazillion others.
And if e-marketers adopted *OPT-IN*, we wouldn't have today's problems.

> Legitimate honest-to-goodness email marketers exist, and while they
> aren't always perfect, they can do a pretty damned good job.

  Unfortunately, they're damn hard to find.  Companies that have a real
product to sell, and do things in-house, tend to be better.  The hired
guns, who get lists of target addresses from customers, aren't in a
position to verify the lists.

> I can count on one hand the number of unsolicited messages I've
> received from Digital Impact in the last few years, for example,

  Does that include all the following aliases?

 merchantmail.net
 m0.net
 digital-impact.com
 digitalimpact.com
 digitalimpact.net
 merchantmail.com
 emailexchange.net
 emarketingscience.com
 responsiblemail.com
 mm3.net
 mm4.net
 mm5.net
 mm6.net
 mm7.net
 mm8.net
 mm9.net

  Now why would they send out their stuff under an assumed name, or
several assumed names?  People are known by the company they keep.
Digital Impact is a member of the ESP ("Email Service Providers")
coalition.  Who are these people?  According to their press release
at http://www.networkadvertising.org/NAIESPRelease.pdf

> Current membership in the ESP Coalition includes all of the major
> companies in the email service provider industry: Digital Impact,
> DoubleClick, Experian, iMakeNews, Aptimus, Avenue A, BlueHornet
> Networks, Britemoon, Cheetahmail, Clickaction, eDialog, Eversave,
> ExactTarget, GotMarketing, MindShare Design, Roving Software, Topica,
> Virtumundo, and Yesmail.

  This is an honour roll of past residents of MAPS RBL, some of whom
have used their money and their lawyers to sue their way out of the RBL.
Not exactly a glowing recommendation.

> An opt-in email marketer who tries very hard never to send unsolicited
> email, and who responds promptly and correctly if there is an
> occasional screw-up, is not a spammer.

  The problem is that there are tons of opt-out marketers who claim to
be opt-in.  Here is a scenario that has been repeated too many times in
NANAE (news.admin.net-abuse.email)...
CR = Company Representative
NI = NANAE inhabitants

  Company rep comes to NANAE

CR> Wahhhh, wahhh, we've been blacklisted.  Why ?

NI> Because you spam.

Begin loop (repeats several times)

  CR> No we don't.

  NI> Yes you do.

End loop

CR> But, but, but, we're double-opt-in, blah, blah, blah

NI> (A NANAE inhabitant, who happens to be a sysadmin, trots out logs of
    repeated attempts over the years by the company to deliver email ads
    to postmaster@, abuse@, domain admin contact, and a slew of
    non-existant addresses)
    Explain that.

CR> (Comes back a couple of days later) But, but, but, our customer that
    we emailed those out for *SAID* those were double-opt-in addresses

NI> And the National Enquirer says...

CR> (Comes back a couple of days later) But, but, but, the guy who sold
    our customer the list of addresses *SAID* they were double-opt-in

NI> And the National Enquirer says...

  If I sound cynical, yes I am.  I've seen this finger-pointing garbage
as often as a teacher hears "the dog ate my homework".  And I'm just as
likely to believe it.  E-marketers' reputations are badly damaged, and
they will *NOT* get the benefit of the doubt.

> I will grant you, however, that there's a decent-sized grey area in
> between hot-teen-lolitas spammers and the best of the bunch.

  One more time... it's about *CONSENT*, not *CONTENT*.  I don't care
what the unwanted garbage in my inbox is.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
An infinite number of monkeys pounding away on keyboards will
eventually produce a report showing that Windows is more secure,
and has a lower TCO, than linux.
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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 22:51:45 -0500

On Sat, Mar 29, 2003 at 06:43:52PM -0800, william@elan.net wrote

> >   And the "special header in the email" will be in the DATA: block,
> > and can only be parsed if you accept the entire email.  Oh, did I
> > mention that broadband ISPs in Canada now surcharge extra if you
> > exceed your monthly bandwidth quota ?  Accepting the email, even if
> > it is discarded immediately, counts on your quota.  In other words,
> > it can cost actual money.
> The system is intended to be used by MTAs not by MUAs (though this
> is still an option), so email would be discarded if the encrypted
> hash is not available and either never reaches MUA or is placed is
> possible-spam folder.
> 
> As for header being part of DATA block and that being difficulty for
> some MTAs, we'll talk about this point again in 15-20 days when I'm
> ready to submitone particular draft I'm working on.

  Please re-read what I said... "Accepting the email, even if it is
discarded immediately, counts on your quota.".  It has to be accepted to
read the DATA: block.  You did say "special header in the email" and
headers are in the DATA: block; period, end of story.

  Assuming that you were unclear about what you meant, there are two
other possible options...

  1) Some extension (or maybe even total re-write) of the SMTP protocol
  2) Funky hash encoding in the MAIL FROM: and/or the RCPT: blocks

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 19:44:18 -0800

--=====================_708290766==_.ALT
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed

Ok - I realize this is slightly  off topic. Maybe a  lot off topic. But.....

I was at the San Mateo Fairgrounds today (in Northern Cal.).

There was a large bright blue portable food wagon. On top was a _giant_ can 
of Spam. At least 10 or 12 feet tall.  The truck side was labeled as the 
SpamMobile.

Playing over loudspeakers was a recorded spiel about the benefits and 
history of Spam (no Python songs). And... they were giving away free 
samples (no, I didn't try any).

This is the real stuff - not some of that fake spam that comes over a wire.

They were also promoting their web site - www.spam.com


Just thought you might like to know....



mh




--=====================_708290766==_.ALT
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"

<html>
<font size=3>Ok - I realize this is slightly&nbsp; off topic. Maybe
a&nbsp; lot off topic. But.....<br>
<br>
I was at the San Mateo Fairgrounds today (in Northern Cal.).<br>
<br>
There was a large bright blue portable food wagon. On top was a _giant_
can of Spam. At least 10 or 12 feet tall.&nbsp; The truck side was
labeled as the SpamMobile. <br>
<br>
Playing over loudspeakers was a recorded spiel about the benefits and
history of Spam (no Python songs). And... they were giving away free
samples (no, I didn't try any).<br>
<br>
This is the real stuff - not some of that fake spam that comes over a
wire.&nbsp; <br>
<br>
They were also promoting their web site -
<a href="http://www.spam.com/" eudora="autourl">www.spam.com</a><br>
<br>
<br>
Just thought you might like to know....<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
mh<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</font></html>

--=====================_708290766==_.ALT--

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On Sunday, March 30, 2003 4:48 AM, Jon Kyme [SMTP:jrk@merseymail.com] wrote:
> >
> >In free societies, you don't need advance consent to communicate with
> >somebody else. Consent can be rescinded, as in "go away" but it is always
> >on by default.
>
>
> Arrgh - freedom of speech! interesting field - look out for cowpats.
>
> You may not need advance consent to attempt to initiate a communication.
>
> A: "Knock, knock..."
>
> But for the communication to proceed consent is required...
>
> B: "Go away"
>

I think that is the point, this is not a freedom of speech issue.  I disagree 
with your premise, respectfully.

>
> >
> >And since, on the internet, there is _no_ communication without use of the
> >private property of the other party to the communication, it means you
> >don't
> >need advance consent to use somebody else's property to communicate with
> >them. We have declared many times we don't have a right to be annoyed,
> >only
> >a right not be harassed.
> >
>
> That's a non sequitur. You might just as easily turn it around: Because you
> don't have a right to
> use someones private property without their consent, you don't have a right
> to communicate with them.


I don't think so, a non sequitur would have to involve some element that was 
unrelated to the premise, in this case the technical framework of the network 
is (at its base) such a construction as was presented.  So no I do not agree 
that is a non sequitur.

> I can't believe that there's anywhere where my right to "free speech" gives
> me the right to stage a political demonstration in your kitchen.

There is your right to ask to give a demonstration where ever, and my right to 
refuse to allow you to give it in my kitchen.  But that is I think a little far 
off of the path that was being presented as a case for using consent as a basis 
for a solution (although it is an integral element in enforcement of any 
solution).

my $.02

-e
>
> This is not a profitable line of argument.
>
>
>
>
> >To define communication without advance consent as some sort of offence
> >would turn our definitions of a free society and an open communications
> >system
> >upside-down. If somebody gave you a URL, you could not click on it without
> >knowing if the web host consented to you clicking on it. If you got a
> >referral
> >where I told you to e-mail my friend, you could not mail him for fear you
> >did
> >not have his consent. And If I want to mail you to flame you about how
> >stupid
> >the opinion you posted on your web site is, well, who would suspect you
> >give
> >your consent to be flamed?
> >
> >In our society you can, by default, go up to somebody on the street and
> >talk to them.   That is sometimes annoying, but it's a right we actually
> >fight hard to protect. You can send them postal mail, without their
> >consent.
> >It is always assumed to exist in advance.   It can be rescinded -- through
> >restraining orders, harassment charges, blockages at the post office etc.
> >but
> >it is always on by default. People can even come onto your private land to
> >come to talk to you unless you explicitly mark it no trespassing.
> >
> >So because consent would be incredibly difficult to define, and it's a bad
> >idea
> >to bring it into the spam definition, I respectfully submit that other
> >courses should be followed.
> >_______________________________________________
> >Asrg mailing list
> >Asrg@ietf.org
> >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >
> >
>
>
>
>
>
> --
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> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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To: "'Jon Kyme'" <jrk@merseymail.com>, "'Dave Crocker'" <dhc@dcrocker.net>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] define spam
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On Sunday, March 30, 2003 4:11 AM, Jon Kyme [SMTP:jrk@merseymail.com] wrote:
> This is a technical forum - and the point you raise is valid. Accordingly,
> discussion of the requirements for such a mechanism in this group is
> appropriate *before* a detailed proposal for a mechanism is made. I would
> think.
>
> I don't belive a group like this need be restricted to the presentation of
> (largely) fully-formed proposals and comment thereon.
> There's a lot of work that needs to be done *before* that stage is reached.
> If you don't want to be part of that effort - that's your choice.
>
>

I don't think that is what a 'technical mechanism' is, with all due respect, 
this thread is/was about a technical model for a consent mechanism not a fully 
formed model or proposal for dealing with 'spam' or whatever.

What it seems Dave was getting at was that we need to stay focused on getting 
to a canonical representation of the basis issues and not continuing to discuss 
things from 'our points of view'. We need this in order to converge on a 
solution set in each of the many areas we are dealing with.

-e

On Sunday, March 30, 2003 4:11 AM, Jon Kyme [SMTP:jrk@merseymail.com] wrote:
> > Jon,
> >
> >
> > >> Not that it's a solution, but it seems such a person could give
> > blanket
> > >> consent
> > >> for potential collaborators or customers to contact him for
> > professional
> > >> reasons related to ice cream, and if JK happens to be an eccentric ice
> > >> cream
> > >> inventor who talks to nobody, then he would presumably not give such
> > >> consent
> > >> because he truly does not care to be contacted/hired.
> >
> > JK> Absolutely - yes. Many possible mechanisms for advertising consent
> > JK> before the fact.
> >
> >
> > This is a technical forum. Please list any of the technical mechanisms
> > that are reasonable candidates for use, in an environment with 100
> > million users and tens or hundreds of thousands of independent
> > administrative localities.
> >
>
> This is a technical forum - and the point you raise is valid. Accordingly,
> discussion of the requirements for such a mechanism in this group is
> appropriate *before* a detailed proposal for a mechanism is made. I would
> think.
>
> I don't belive a group like this need be restricted to the presentation of
> (largely) fully-formed proposals and comment thereon.
> There's a lot of work that needs to be done *before* that stage is reached.
> If you don't want to be part of that effort - that's your choice.
>
>
>
>
>
> --
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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To: "'Jon Kyme'" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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I agree, but there is a caveat as well, that one may not successfully class all 
messages in the universe of messaging, thus it is a question (to me) of how 
much does it get me and how effective will it be given the effective bandwidth 
I am resisting. Send 100 'classed as spam' messages toward my policy boundary 
and I am probably fine.  Send 100,000 mixed classed, un-classed messages and 
what am I dealing with?  What about one un-classed, has the system broken or is 
that my acceptable 'spam' threshold?  I don't know and as I said, generally I 
think we can converge on consensus, but I do not agree that a precise 
definition of spam will break that consensus.  Besides that, I think in your 
last sentence you are describing a policy enforcement mechanism based upon a 
precise (or im-precise, or subjective) definition of a 'class' of messages.

-e

On Sunday, March 30, 2003 5:04 AM, Jon Kyme [SMTP:jrk@merseymail.com] wrote:
> > I do not think 'consent' really has anything to do with a definition of
> > 'spam'
> > in the context of this problem. I feel that consent with respect to
> > messaging
> > is TOTALLY subjective and what a real definition addresses is the issue
> > of
> > policy or 'consent' enforcement after solicitation. I think enforcement
> > comes
> > via the technical solution we come up with.
> >
> >
>
>
> OK, consent is subjective. Definition of spam is subjective.
>
> These are not blockers.
>
> Classification of a message is not impossible.
> (There are many deployed systems that do this with varying degrees of
> "accuracy") Expression of a subjects preferences is not beyond us.
>
> We don't need to define spam. All we will ever need to do is say that
>
> "this set of message classes does | doesn't have consent for delivery to
> this subject."
>
>
>
>
>
>
> --

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To: "'Chuq Von Rospach'" <chuqui@plaidworks.com>,
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Correct.  There can also be objective descriptions.


On Sunday, March 30, 2003 11:42 AM, Chuq Von Rospach 
[SMTP:chuqui@plaidworks.com] wrote:
>
> On Sunday, March 30, 2003, at 02:03  AM, Jon Kyme wrote:
>
> > OK, consent is subjective. Definition of spam is subjective.
> >
> > These are not blockers.
> >
>
> they don't need to be. In this forum, and in the larger fight this
> forum has been trying to get a handle on, they have been.

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On Sunday, March 30, 2003 12:32 PM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
> > From: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>
>
> > > As written, that is a bad definition, because it allows and even
> > > encourages literally hundreds millions of advertisers to individually
> > > ask you to opt-out.
> >
> > right now, that's still an improvement over the status quo. Until we
> > GET to that point, trying to deal with that kind of consent issue
> > doesn't really matter. and your numbers blow the issue well out of
> > proportion.
...
> There are more than 20,000,000 corporations registered in the U.S.
> At least 1% of them might reasonably send you one opt-out request per
> year.  That would put 54 opt-out requests into your mailbox every day.
> That is a significantly higher spam-load than many and I think most
> end-users suffer today.
>
> "Legitimate" spammers would be happy to send us as much unsolicited
> and unwanted junk email as we now get in paper.  I receive 1 to 2 dozen
> pieces of paper junk every day.  I do not want the same in my email box.
>

But that is a false argument.  It would be prohibitive for every company to at 
first commission a project to reach everyone and then embark on such a project. 
 Every company is not going to do that and the millions-CD is not going to cut 
it (even in the current climate) because of the rudimentary 'protections' that 
are deployed.  So no I don't agree to that premise it seems (and IMHO is) a 
non-starter to consider.  I could be wrong but I don't think numbers of 
requests for a consent agreement is even the issue, it is whether the agreement 
is ultimately enforceable (whatever shape that takes).  To me in the end it is 
about being sure I CAN stop it.

> I think Mr. Von Rospach knows that is a gross misrepresentation of
> my positions.

It doesn't matter if he does, from my point of view NONE of our...or should I 
say only a consensus view is what really matters do you think there is not some 
reason to stipulate to the concept of consent based on perceived recipient 
response to the marketing mail (or blatant spam or whatever, e.g. 
relationship,...).

> If you are an "e-marketer," there are more than two spam problems.
> However, for most of us, there is only one spam problem, large amounts
> of junk in our mailboxes.  We will require more than one solution for
> the parts of the problem, but the problem is solitary.

I do not care what it is as long as I know it can be effectively controlled at 
a policy boundary defined by me.  Notice I said controlled and not stopped.  I 
think you are talking about control as well, of any type of communication that 
is within the context of our work.

-e

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam 
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   of "Sun, 30 Mar 2003 13:24:03 MST." <200303302024.h2UKO38Q002189@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 21:33:08 -0800

On Sun, 30 Mar 2003 13:24:03 -0700 (MST) 
Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> From: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>

>> While true, I do not see that as a problem that can be solved by
>> technical constraints.  To get noticeable traction on that larger
>> problem needs non-technical methods; legal supports, DMA opt-out
>> lists with penalties, etc.  Its not resolvable purely at the
>> transport or protocol level.

> I may be biased, but I disagree.  

I don't consider a "solution" which defines and validates an arms race
as either a valid solution, or "traction".  That's a leaky bandaide at
best and bucket with a hole with 'Liza aboard a lifeboat at worst.

> The DCC...

The DCC is a fine and respectable tool.  It, like SpamAssassin, bayesian
filtering, etc, are bandaides.  They might be very good bandaides (I'm
rather pleased with some of my own bandaides), but that doesn't change
what they are.  Heuristics do not make a protocol definition, they make
for better guesses, in this case against a target which doesn't want to
be guessed and has full transparency into the guessing methods and
criteria.

> If you don't know what I'm talking about, then if I could suggest that
> you look around for technical mechanisms including Brightmail,
> Postini, Cloudmark, Pyzor, and the DCC without being offensive, I
> would.

Sure, I'm familiar with them and even use a few today.  None of them
change the rules of the game.

>> However the problems of rogue spammers who forge, exploit, and cheat
>> can be better far constrained and defined than is allowed by the
>> current system, which in turn allows the application of non-technical
>> problem resolutions (law suits, public lynching, nuclear weaponry,
>> etc), and its that latter space I'm interested in.

> I have not seen in this list or elsewhere any useful technical
> mechanisms...

"Useful" is a subjective adjective.

> ... to deal with "rogue" spammers that really forge headers (as
> opposed to using temporary drop-boxes) or do other illegal things
> (illegal in many jurisdictions).

That's hardly a promise of future behaviour.

>   - Mechanisms that involve new authentication or authorization
> mechanisms cannot and will not work any better than the old and well
> established mechanisms based on IP addresses, domain names, PGP keys,
> and commercial and self-signed certificates.

Then perhaps the correct approach is to extend those methods.

>   - mechanisms that are less than X% effective until at least X% of
> users utilize them for X >= 0.2% are hopeless.  It will always be
> extremely difficult to get 1,000,000 people to use any new anti-spam
> or email mechanisms that do not benefit them significantly.  

There are levels of probability and realism.  Its a scalar function.  If
you wish to stay with the 100% gang please state so up front

AOL and Co are the 800lb gorillas.  SPAM is a many multi-million dollar
a year problem to them,; in operational costs, in customer churn costs,
in customer retension costs, etc.  Were we to come up with a reasonable,
well defined and demonstrably effective address I suspect we might find
them flexing their standards enforcement muscles.  Its certainly to
their advantage to, and could easily be argued as being part of their
responsibility to their stockholders...  (The idea of AOL being in the
actively driving seat is scary)

> If your threshold of effectivenewss is 10%, not even getting AOL to
> apply your mechanism will work.

<shrug>  So all is useless?

>  - almost all spammers are easily identifable to people with minimal
> technical clues.  

I've not found that true, not in the network sense, not in the sense of
containment of injection and not in the sense of prevention of receipt.
Perhaps I'm missing clues.

> That fact has not helped us use lynching, bombs, etc. against them.

We may know who the human is.  That will help when and as the laws you
later mention progress.  What we don't recognize are the messages as
specifically his or specifically forged that human injects at the time
of injection, those messages as they are wandering the network, or even
(generally) as they hit an LDA.  If we could recognise any of those
things in a machine auditable and verifiable fashion we'd be in a
considerable better position.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 00:36:09 -0500

  I'm calling it "Opt-whatever", because it'll be opt-out if the default
is set on, or opt-in if the default is set off.  First let's look at a
few problems with current e-marketing...

  1) It does not scale.  SMTP was designed as a low-volume one-to-one
medium, and breaks down when e-marketers attempt broadcast on it.  See
http://www.wired.com/news/politics/0,1283,50455,00.html for an example

> Blocking the spam-sending ISPs hasn't alleviated all of the
> problems. Refusing massive amounts of attempted connections also
> puts a strain on servers, in some cases bogging the system down in
> much the same way as a sustained denial-of-service attack.
>
> "British ISP UXN found that simply blocking China Telecom wasn't
> enough because UXN's mail servers still had to deal with hundreds of
> connection requests per minute from Chinese mail servers," Linford
> said. "UXN had to actually firewall China Telecom's IP range from
> connecting to UXN's mail servers to stop the mass of connections
> from clogging UXN's mail service."

  We're not talking a few unwanted pornsite spams in your inbox here.
We're talking about a sustained Denial of Service attack.  This is the
same as snotty-nosed-fourteen-year-old-electronic-juvenile-delinquents
bringing down eBay with a DDOS attack.

  2) Item 1) might be partially addressed by carefully collating all
recipients by email address, and using one long RCPT: for each ISP.  The
obvious problems are...
     - buffer limits in different MTAs.  You'd have to use the lowest
       common denominator, which reduces the effectiveness of the
       solution
     - lots of recipients to an email is often used as a spamsign to
       trigger filtering/blocking
     - my personal domain is "waltdnes.org".  You'd have to do an MX
       lookup to realize that email to me should be grouped with email
       to "clss.net".  That works today.  Next week, it could change.

  3) Authentication is a problem.  Every spam nowadays seems to claim
that you opted in.  We need something that an ISP can trust in a
complaint, and something that a subscriber will trust to really
unsubscribe them, rather than confirming a live address.

  4) People may want one particular newsletter.  But they are afraid
     a) the sender may decide to send them other, unwanted, stuff
     b) the sender or the opt-out-list maintainer may sell their email
        address

The NODE proposal
=================

  NODE is "Network Of Distributed Exploders".

  - It will consist of mailing list software at each ISP

  - An e-marketer will send one copy of a message to a central server
    that in turn will send one copy to each ISP.  This should be done
    via smtp-auth, and the receiving ISP may filter to allow only
    specific IP address(es) this access.  Since the ISP receives only
    one copy, we've addressed problem 1) without the barriers that 2)
    runs into.

  - Each subscriber will subscribe/unsubscribe *LOCALLY* to their ISP's
    local version of the mailing lists.  Since the ISP presumably knows
    when you're logged on, and with which IP address, item 3)
    authentication is no longer a problem.

  - Since the user's email address is not handed out to anyone but the
    ISP (who already knows it anyways) item 4) disappears as an issue.

  - The ISP would presumably run a weekly cron job to gather aggregate
    statistics on the subscribers to each list and email the results to
    the central server.  Advertisers want to know that they're hitting
    their target market.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
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Date: 30 Mar 2003 23:51:29 -0600

In <20030330043302.GV9659@main.templetons.com> Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com> writes:

> There are a number of people who do believe it's about consent.  [... ]
> 
> In free societies, you don't need advance consent to communicate with
> somebody else.   Consent can be rescinded, as in "go away" but it is always
> on by default.

I don't know many people who define spam as mearly "unsolicited
email".  They usually add things like "bulk" or "commercial" to the
requirements.



> In our society you can, by default, go up to somebody on the street and
> talk to them.   That is sometimes annoying, but it's a right we actually
> fight hard to protect.

There are restrictions on how you can "talk" to people.  You can't
talk in an intimidating way.  You can't use a megaphone.  Political
speech has far more protections than commercial speech.  You can't
yell "fire" in a crowded theater.

The nature of email is that it is extremely cheap to send.  In order
to preserve the usefulness of email, people can only receive a certain
number of emails per day and that means there has to be some
prioritizing.

Even if there is a legal right to send UBE and/or UCE, people are
still going to try hard to filter it out.  They have to.  There are
just so many minutes in the day.


-wayne

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Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 23:22:56 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>

> ...
>But that is a false argument.  It would be prohibitive for every company to at 
>first commission a project to reach everyone and then embark on such a project.
>Every company is not going to do that and the millions-CD is not going to cut 
>it (even in the current climate) because of the rudimentary 'protections' that 
> are deployed.

There are now many outfits that promise to do all of the work for
fees that are cheap compared to a small ad in the Yellow Pages,
not to mention compared to radio or print advertising.  When the
current fraudulent spammers are finally squashed by governments,
there will more outfits selling more or less legitimate email
advertising campaigns than now sell web page design.


>                So no I don't agree to that premise it seems (and IMHO is) a 
> non-starter to consider.  I could be wrong but I don't think numbers of 
>requests for a consent agreement is even the issue,

I would probably complain, but would lack standing to object to half
a dozen requests for consent agreement per year.  Do you disagree?

On the other hand, one consent request per year per outfit in parts
of the computer business that I've been involved in would be many
times the spam that now gets past my filters.

>                                            it is whether the agreement 
> is ultimately enforceable (whatever shape that takes). To me in the end it is
> about being sure I CAN stop it.

There is only a little spam that you cannot stop once you know about
it.  IP address and envelope and SMTP client domain name filters are
extremely effective on all spam that you've seen before except spam
that tries hard to hide.  Other mechanisms clean up most of the rest.
If your set of filters are leak more than one spam per day, you should
fire your filter vendors and hire better.

I'm trying to say that in practice, the various sorts of filters
currently give you a lot of power to enforce the consent agreement.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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> From: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>

> ...
> > If your threshold of effectivenewss is 10%, not even getting AOL to
> > apply your mechanism will work.
>
> <shrug>  So all is useless?

Things that do not have obviously and immediate good effects simply
do not get deployed voluntarily.  The only way you could get a mechanism
with a 10% threshold deployed is a law requiring it.  Even a law is
not be certain to produce 10% deployment without clear and immediate
benefits for the first 9%.  I hope you agree a law would certainly be
a bad thing.

Anything that has as an 80% deployement threshold to produce 80% spam
filtering effectiveness is completely useless even with government
help.  There is no longer a single government with enough power, and
never will be again until and unless the net is near death or the
world's political landscape is very different.

As far as I can tell, the proposals that have deployment thresholds
for 80% effectiveness have them closer to 80% deployment than 10%.


> ...
> We may know who the human is.  That will help when and as the laws you
> later mention progress.  What we don't recognize are the messages as
> specifically his or specifically forged that human injects at the time
> of injection, those messages as they are wandering the network, or even
> (generally) as they hit an LDA.  If we could recognise any of those
> things in a machine auditable and verifiable fashion we'd be in a
> considerable better position.

You seem to be among the many who assume something I think is false.
That is that most spam is "forged" in any meaningful sense of that
word.  I think that the laws against header forgery have convinced
most spammers to use sender addresses that they own, albeit often
only for a little while.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Fwd: Returned mail: see transcript for details
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> From: Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com>

> I do so love it when people pull these games in the middle of a private 
> conversation.

There was no private conversation, but only a private flamewar somewhat
related to our public exchanges and about "silly questions," "silliness,"
and wastes of time.  It consisted of three messages from Mr. Von
Rospach including the rejected message and one from me.  If he had
not tried to revive the private flamewar despite my silence, he would
never have known I had deployed a mechanical aid to help me deal
appropriately (i.e. silently) with our problem.

This little drama is related to the spam problem.  There is a component
of human nature that hates purposefully not being heard.  Senders of
bulk advertising are often irrationally upset about being filtered.
See the several daily threads in news.admin.net-abuse.email with
"SPEWS" in subject lines.  Consider the anger of the gentleman from
Verisign at SPEWS despite the probably insignificant effect on Verisign's
communications of any SPEWS listing.  Look at the spam that tries so
hard to get around a little spam filtering that it cannot be decoded
by any MUA, but only by a human who knows enough about HTML and spam
to guess what the spammer was trying to do.

Any even moderately effective spam solution evokes irrational efforts
by advertisers to get around it.  On the other hand, per-sender opt-out
or any other communicating of consent to senders works with only some
senders, and generally only with senders that try hard not to send to
you in the first place.

This is not technical in the sense of network protocols or the logarithm
problem in finite fields, but it is technical in the sense that fixing
spam must be.  Human nature is relevant technical information.


> Now I'm convinced this group has shown why groups like this won't solve 
> the problem. 

I'm not sure, but if you really believe that, I suspect it contains
a germ of a plan to let you  "go do something useful now."

>              And I think he proves my belief the insult was intentional.

If I knew which of my words in which of my messags he took as insults,
I would either appologize or affirm them as the plain truth. 
But "let's not and say we did."

Could we please do something productive like agree on definitions term? 
I like the notion of defining more than one term to replace "spam,"
so that we might break out of the cycles of "Look at my perfect spam
solution"--"No, it's useless because it doesn't fix all of what I
define as spam."  With different words for the differing notions of
"spam," those cycles might cease.

The word "spam" cannot be defined, but its varients can be.  I think
all three of (1) unsolicited, (2) bulk, and (3) unsolicited bulk email
can be defined.

How about words or phrases that suggest notions of "spam" other than UBE?
Perhaps unsolicited commercial email?  "E-marketing email"?

Even "opt-out" needs refining.  I think Mr. Von Rospach has meant
"per-sender opt-out" when he recently wrote "opt-out," but perhaps
he meant "global, per recipeint once per year (or forever?) opt-out"


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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In-Reply-To:  <01C2F716.3F369C80.eric@infobro.com>
Subject: Re: RE: [Asrg] Consent
To: "Eric D. Williams"  <eric@infobro.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 09:14:53 +0100

> > >
> > >And since, on the internet, there is _no_ communication without use of
> the
> > >private property of the other party to the communication, it means you
> > >don't
> > >need advance consent to use somebody else's property to communicate
> with
> > >them. We have declared many times we don't have a right to be annoyed,
> > >only
> > >a right not be harassed.
> > >
> >
> > That's a non sequitur. You might just as easily turn it around: Because
> you
> > don't have a right to
> > use someones private property without their consent, you don't have a
> right
> > to communicate with them.
> 
> 
> I don't think so, a non sequitur would have to involve some element that
> was
> unrelated to the premise, in this case the technical framework of the
> network
> is (at its base) such a construction as was presented. So no I do not
> agree
> that is a non sequitur.

Non sequitur
n.
An inference which does not *follow* from the premises.
(not "unrelated")

It's possible (as demonstrated) to infer the contrary 
from the same premises.





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Subject: Re: RE: RE: [Asrg] define spam
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> Besides that, I think in
> your
> last sentence you are describing a policy enforcement mechanism based
> upon a
> precise (or im-precise, or subjective) definition of a 'class' of
> messages.
> 

Yes, kind of. A mechanism has to rely on the classification tools available
at the classifying entity.  This allows for a universal definition
in terms of local classifications, and avoids the (probably impossible)
question of how to create a single universal definition of a "spam
message".

Given a few terms universally accepted ("acceptable", "unacceptable",
"neither")
and classification "engines" which need not be well-known, transparent or
reliable.
You can get classifications like:
"messages classified as unacceptable by
billy-bigarms-patent-spam-detector".
 "messages with senders on the recipients blacklist"
 "messages originating-from-smtp-client-ip(10.0.2.3)"
etc... 

Obviously, enforcement can only be performed by entities with access to the
engines
specified.  This is a "good thing".

> >
> > Classification of a message is not impossible.
> > (There are many deployed systems that do this with varying degrees of
> > "accuracy") Expression of a subjects preferences is not beyond us.
> >
> > We don't need to define spam. All we will ever need to do is say that
> >
> > "this set of message classes does | doesn't have consent for delivery
> to
> > this subject."
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > --
> 
> 
> 





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OK, so he wants to be unsubscribed. Will someone take care of this?


>X-Sent: 31 Mar 2003 06:51:26 GMT
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>To: jim@media.mit.edu
>From: Tim Dean-Smith <tim@deansmithmail.com>
>Subject: Attempted to unsubscribe
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>
>Jim,
>I have attempted 4 times now to unsubscribe.
>(See below.)
>In the meantime, I have added you to my list of accepted senders, so 
>at least you will not get any more bounce backs.
>Truly sorry about this - I had no idea that was how that list 
>functioned i.e. that the incoming mails came from the members of the 
>list, not the .eitf.org.
>I hope the list administrator picks up on my requests.
>Tim.
>
>
>
>
>
>>To: asrg-request@ietf.org
>>From: Tim Dean-Smith <tim@mailkey.com>
>>Subject: help
>>
>>
>>Help.
>>Please unsubcribe me from your list urgently.
>>I have tried twice to do this using the unsubscribe instructions 
>>you gave out.
>>My email box is causing bounces to your distribution list - I added 
>>ietf.org as a permitted sender, but the mails come in from the 
>>other members of the list, so they all get bounced back.
>>Please can you unsubscribe me urgently.
>>Thank you.
>>Tim.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Asrg digest, Vol 1 #133 - 14 msgs
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 14:38:06 +0200

On Sat, Mar 29, 2003 at 10:15:23PM -0500, waltdnes@waltdnes.org wrote:
> > If the DSL provider charges extra bucks for use of their mailserver
> ..and the customer is a cheap bastard ?

No, not necessarily, but with the "hype" of the last few years and
everybody telling people "Internet is cheap" or "Internet is free"
customers don't get the point that if they pay 50 bucks for a flat
connection why they should pay additonal 15 bucks for using a
mailserver. But managing a line and a router is cheap compared to
running a mailserver that handles about 0.1% of the same traffic.

>   The concept of an alleged "ISP" that provides neither a mailserver nor
> a static IP address boggles the mind.  If you were the only "ISP" in
> town, your customer would have to purchase service from another provider
> elsewhere who would allow them to either ssh-tunnel or smtp-auth to
> their mail server.

Subcontractors is the answer.
Buy a contingent of 10000 DSL lines from your Telco (and in Germany there
are *lots* of towns, where you have no choice, which Carrier to use) and
arrange a special prize.
Sell it with a marginal earning and no service at all. All you provide
is the contract. Customers will like it, because it is so cheap. And a lot
will use hotmail, yahoo and others for email. As the carrier disconnects
the line once within 24 hours, they can't have a "static" IP address.
Whether you call this an ISP not not is a matter of definition, but most
would probably call it an ISP.
Now, if you want to have our own outgoing mailserver on such a line
you have to deliver directly as your "provider" doesn't have a smarthost.
If the IP block is on a DUL DNSBL you're lost.

> > How many of your own customers can you afford to loose because of that?
> 
>   How about providing your customers with the service they need ?  That
> tends to keep customers loyal.

We do.
But if a company is connected via an above described "ISP" and you block
their emails to your customer, because of the DUL DNSBL and they tell your
customers they will terminate the contract with him, if they can't
reach him via email you have two choices:
a) keep the DNSBL and loose your customer
b) turn off the DNSBL and keep the customer

How many of your own (and especially bigger) customers can you afford to
loose because a) these times?

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 14:28:32 +0100
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Just an FYI for those interested in stats:

MessageLabs spam ratio for March 2003: 36.3% (an increase of 29.3% on 
the February figure).

Matt.

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Mon Mar 31 09:48:44 2003
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Folks,

MS> MessageLabs spam ratio for March 2003: 36.3% (an increase of 29.3% on
MS> the February figure).

Here is a proposal:

This is supposed to be a technical discussion group.  If someone is
going to place some tidbit of information into the group, other than
their own opinion, I propose that they should offer substantiation for
the tidbit.

In the case of statistics, a citation to its source and/or a discussion
of how it was obtained.

That way we will have some ability to assess the tidbit, rather than
being expected to accept it blindly.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Fwd: Returned mail: see transcript for details
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Date: 31 Mar 2003 09:23:34 -0600

In <200303310659.h2V6xZh3013184@calcite.rhyolite.com> Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> writes:

> This little drama is related to the spam problem.  There is a component
> of human nature that hates purposefully not being heard.  Senders of
> bulk advertising are often irrationally upset about being filtered.

I agree, and more importantly, *learning* that you are purposely not
being heard.

I think this is why things like DNSBLs used to bounce email and the
challenge-response systems get so much flak about false positives,
where systems that silently /dev/null false positives gets far less
attention.  DNSBLs in particular publish their information, so you can
check that you are indeed listed, while you can't test content
filters.

Ignorance of a false positive may be bliss, but it isn't a good
thing.


-wayne

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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 10:26:54 -0500

At 11:59 PM -0700 3/30/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>This little drama is related to the spam problem.  There is a component
>of human nature that hates purposefully not being heard.  Senders of
>bulk advertising are often irrationally upset about being filtered.

You skipped from "humans" to "senders of bulk advertising" very 
nicely there.  You weren't cutting off a sender of bulk advertising. 
You've also missed the other side of that obvious 
statement--purposefully not hearing someone is considered socially 
rude.  I've had people do that to me more than once--typically after 
accusing me of spamming or some other activity that I didn't do. 
Someone else on the list put that behavior in exactly the context it 
belongs.  "Nah, nah... I can't hear you!"  Typically with fingers in 
ears and tongue sticking out.  The word you are looking for is 
"juvenile."

This whole conversation has been very educational.

Several times now we have seen people using tools meant for stopping 
spammers, as a way of stopping normal human conversation.  And they 
are doing so without even the common courtesy of notifying their 
correspondent.  In the real world you would say, "I'm sorry, I don't 
want to talk about this any more," or "This will be my last message 
on this subject."  If the correspondent continues to respond, then 
you ignore them.  But somewhere along the line the hardcore spam 
fighters have gotten so used to blocking messages that they believe 
it's socially acceptable to just bounce people's email when they feel 
like it.  They have a hammer, and they've decided to use it on 
anything that looks like a nail.

If this is going to be typical of people's use of anti-spam tools 
then I think we should give some serious thought to the UI of such 
tools.

For instance, our product doesn't currently bounce messages, but 
files them in a junk folder.  We've recently added an "unsubscribe" 
feature for mailing lists and other mail where we are reasonably 
confident that the return address is valid.  So rather than doing an 
outright bounce, we first give you the option of sending mail to the 
sender (and we'll track the results to see if it works) asking them 
to stop sending you email.  If we add the ability to outright bounce 
email, I think I'll make that initial "unsubscribe" option mandatory.

In other words, I'll make the software enforce social standards. 
"Thou shalt not bounce people's email without first asking them to 
stop sending."  It's common courtesy--but apparently it's not as 
common as it should be.  When we're evaluating spam solutions I think 
it would be worth while to consider whether or not the follow a 
normal social path for communications.  I think that's a large part 
of my hatred for challenge/response of any kind.  It's extremely 
unpleasant to spend a considerable amount of time composing a 
message, researching a problem or doing some other amount of work, 
put it all together into a note to someone, and then have them come 
back and say, "Sorry, I'm not going to listen to you until you do 
something I want first."  That's the kind of response I expect from 
my kids--not an adult.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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On Monday, Mar 31, 2003, at 15:39 Europe/London, Dave Crocker wrote:

> MS> MessageLabs spam ratio for March 2003: 36.3% (an increase of 29.3% 
> on
> MS> the February figure).
>
> Here is a proposal:
>
> This is supposed to be a technical discussion group.  If someone is
> going to place some tidbit of information into the group, other than
> their own opinion, I propose that they should offer substantiation for
> the tidbit.
>
> In the case of statistics, a citation to its source and/or a discussion
> of how it was obtained.
>
> That way we will have some ability to assess the tidbit, rather than
> being expected to accept it blindly.

Wouldn't it be more sane to ask people to check the archives for that 
poster? *sigh*

Anyway, I'll comply:

This is just spam detected for our customers (about 1.3m users across 
the globe). So some has got through (about 92-98% accuracy is usual). 
Spam is detected by a variety of means, but most spam is detected via 
heuristics (and no I'm not proposing this as a long term solution to 
spam - I'm merely posting the figures here for research/analysis 
purposes).

Further details available on http://www.messagelabs.com/viruseye (will 
be updated to the March edition later today).

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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] cost vs. benefit
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 09:47:01 -0600

On Sat, Mar 29, 2003 at 07:16:01PM -0500, Eric D. Williams wrote:

> are familiar with these terms.  To wit:
> 
> MTA = Message Transfer Agent (classic mail servers, e.g., exim, sendmail, etc.)
> MTS = Message Transfer System (the entire infrastructure)
> MS  = Message Store (a post office MTA, ok?)
> MUA = Mail User Agent (your typical end-user mail software, e.g. Eudora, 
> Outlook, Hotmail web app, etc.)

Don't forget:

MSA = Message Submission Agent (typically runs on port 587)

-- 

Steven F. Siirila			Office: Lind Hall, Room 130B
Internet Services			E-mail: sfs@umn.edu
Office of Information Technology	Voice: (612) 626-0244
University of Minnesota
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Mon Mar 31 10:51:31 2003
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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 10:49:19 -0500
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If I were a spammer (I am not) I'd start encrypting messages to throw off
content filtering. Public keys are easily obtainable and are readily
associated with good email addresses.

Also, but not quite as complex:
A few years ago, I 'invented*' a way to encode a whole web page as a long
string. This string is a variable in JavaScript. When it's opened, a
function is applied to the string where it's decoded contents are written to
the browser. Imagine a simple ROT13 decoder. What's more is Bayesian
filtering would fail because the spammer can invent pads, and ROT bases,
thereby inventing new 'words' in the dictionary all the time.

Just a thought of what's to come...

* I probably wasn't the first, but I never found anything like it elsewhere
on the web at the time I did it. Originally it was to hide content from
hosting services (or browsers, a la secret key pad entered into a form or
JavaScript prompt.)- they'd actually have to view it in a JS enabled
browser. 'Grep'ing the file wouldn't work.

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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 18:26:13 +0200

On Mon, Mar 31, 2003 at 10:26:54AM -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> correspondent.  In the real world you would say, "I'm sorry, I don't 
> want to talk about this any more," or "This will be my last message 
> on this subject."  If the correspondent continues to respond, then 

In the real world I simply turn around and go away. In the real world I
have never said "This will be my last message on this subject."
The virtual world expression is to press 'd' on the keyboard.

In the real world, if he doesn't stop offending, I have different
choices, just like in the virtual world.
Adding his address to a block is one of them. In contradiction to the
real world I can do this on my own and don't need a judge to establish
the block.

And: in the real world I may decide to sit at a table with people and
talk with them to serve a special purpose. That does not mean I
have/will talk with them outside the meeting room. I have the same right
to do this in the virtual world and "spitting them in the face" is not
the correct analogy, "ignoring them" or "rejecting them" is.

Discussing topics in a meeting room with 500 people, doesn't mean I have
to dicuss with everyone personally. And I have more than once refused to
talk with someone (who/whose opinion) I don't like (for various reasons)
from the same meeting room after the meeting. And I reserve the same
right for email communication. The reasons are up to me and as a private
person in a communication to another private person I don't even have to
explain the reasons.

And someone else argued that "in the good old days in USENET" one
responded privately and one person summarized. This never happend
with and is not appropriate for /discussion/ groups.
If I start a query in this group for pointers to articles about spam
prevention it is a good idea to ask them to be sent to me privately
and I'll summarize. That means the list doesn't have to handle 100
always the same messages from different people listing the same article.

For discussion and for finding a consensus "mail me and I'll summarize"
is pretty much useless, so, for this group it is pretty much useless
to discuss per private emails, as is Cc:ing 20 people that are on the
list and as is "top posting" (I got the previous article, thanks, I still
have it if I can't, but usually I can remember things I have read for the
next 2-3 hours at least, no need to send the unaltered 10 KB article again
and writing 2 lines of nonsense above).
[Kee: this is /not/ about you, although I am replying to your message, it is
a general statement to the mail discipline on this list and IMHO shows how
much some members on the list care about the "useless mail traffic" that we
all want to avoid - at least I thought this is what this group is about].

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 09:33:44 -0700 (MST)

> From: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>

> > This little drama is related to the spam problem.  There is a component
> > of human nature that hates purposefully not being heard.  Senders of
> > bulk advertising are often irrationally upset about being filtered.
>
> I agree, and more importantly, *learning* that you are purposely not
> being heard.

Exactly.

It should also be noted that there is a part of human nature that 
likes to announce deafness, or shout "I can't hear you" with fingers
in ears instead of walking away.  Or send "spam LARTS" to spammers.
E.g. should I have used "DISCARD" instead of "REJECT" in my filter?

> I think this is why things like DNSBLs used to bounce email and the
> challenge-response systems get so much flak about false positives,
> where systems that silently /dev/null false positives gets far less
> attention.  DNSBLs in particular publish their information, so you can
> check that you are indeed listed, while you can't test content
> filters.

Not so.  Body filters can also announce or keep quiet about their
effects with bounces or SMTP status codes like any DNS blacklists.
For example, you can tell sendmail to discard quiently based on
access_DB or DNS blacklist, and a sendmail body filter can generate
a 5yz or 4yz rejection.  You can't test a DNSBL that is set to "discard."
You can test a body filter that is not configured to be silent or
misleading by sending a test message to a known bad address and looking
at the result.


> Ignorance of a false positive may be bliss, but it isn't a good
> thing.

Says who, the spammer or the spam target?
My point is that whether a mail sender cares about a false positive
is completely secondary to whether the mail target wants.  If the
mail target does not care about false positives and wants to keep them
secret, then so be it, no matter what the sender might wish.

That is the basis of the spam problem.  Senders think they have rights
that supercede the inclinations of targets.  Any effective spam defense
must explicitly deprecated all rights of mail senders (except perhaps
copyrights) and must also assume that many mail senders are malicious.
If many mail senders were not malicious, there would be no opposition
to global opt-out lists (including per-domain), even solicited mail
advertising would have "Subject: ADV" tags, and you would not need to
opt-out of newsletters every 6 months,

Thus, back to my claim that communicating consent to mail senders is
a bad idea.  Some mail senders would honor expressions of consent,
but most will not.  

Proof of that "most" is that solicited mail advertising does not carry
"Subject: ADV" tags.  If most advertisers really wanted to honor
recipient consent, they would go out of their way to label their
missives to give their targets many ways to implement their consent.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Cc: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: RE: RE: [Asrg] define spam
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On Monday, March 31, 2003 3:49 AM, Jon Kyme [SMTP:jrk@merseymail.com] wrote:
> > Besides that, I think in your last sentence you are describing
> > a policy enforcement mechanism based upon a precise (or im-precise,
> > or subjective) definition of a 'class' of messages.
> >
>
> Yes, kind of. A mechanism has to rely on the classification tools available
> at the classifying entity.  This allows for a universal definition
> in terms of local classifications, and avoids the (probably impossible)
> question of how to create a single universal definition of a "spam
> message".
>
> Given a few terms universally accepted ("acceptable", "unacceptable",
> "neither") and classification "engines" which need not be well-known,
> transparent or
> reliable.
> You can get classifications like:
> "messages classified as unacceptable by
> billy-bigarms-patent-spam-detector".
>  "messages with senders on the recipients blacklist"
>  "messages originating-from-smtp-client-ip(10.0.2.3)"
> etc...
>
> Obviously, enforcement can only be performed by entities with access to the
> engines specified.  This is a "good thing".

I agree.  So is there consensus here on the idea that enforcement make take 
many forms that are based on the principle of an identifiable construction 
(class) against which the policy may be applied/checked?

> > >
> > > Classification of a message is not impossible.
> > > (There are many deployed systems that do this with varying degrees of
> > > "accuracy") Expression of a subjects preferences is not beyond us.
> > >
> > > We don't need to define spam. All we will ever need to do is say that
> > >
> > > "this set of message classes does | doesn't have consent for delivery
> > to
> > > this subject."
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > --
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
>
>
> --

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On Monday, March 31, 2003 1:23 AM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
> > From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
>
> > ...
> >But that is a false argument.  It would be prohibitive for every company to
> >at first commission a project to reach everyone and then embark on such a
> >project. Every company is not going to do that and the millions-CD is not 
going to cut
> >it (even in the current climate) because of the rudimentary 'protections'
> >that are deployed.
>
> There are now many outfits that promise to do all of the work for
> fees that are cheap compared to a small ad in the Yellow Pages,
> not to mention compared to radio or print advertising.  When the
> current fraudulent spammers are finally squashed by governments,
> there will more outfits selling more or less legitimate email
> advertising campaigns than now sell web page design.
>
That may be true, but I think we agree on the basis point, at least in 
principal.  I understand and hopefully don't understate the issue you present. 
I want to stress that although it will most likely remain a 'pain' for 
recipients the marketing material the framework for rescinding or establishing 
consent agreements is important.
>
> >So no I don't agree to that premise it seems (and IMHO is) a
> >non-starter to consider.  I could be wrong but I don't think numbers of
> >requests for a consent agreement is even the issue,
>
> I would probably complain, but would lack standing to object to half
> a dozen requests for consent agreement per year.  Do you disagree?

No, I do not.  I think we agree.  I am not sure what the threshold is or should 
be (and don't think that can be defined except subjectively).

> On the other hand, one consent request per year per outfit in parts
> of the computer business that I've been involved in would be many
> times the spam that now gets past my filters.

Or maybe it wouldn't change at all and you would (based on other pertinent 
factors) still receive <1 consent request.

> >it is whether the agreement is ultimately enforceable (whatever
> >shape that takes). To me in the end it is about being sure I CAN stop it.
>
> There is only a little spam that you cannot stop once you know about
> it.  IP address and envelope and SMTP client domain name filters are
> extremely effective on all spam that you've seen before except spam
> that tries hard to hide.  Other mechanisms clean up most of the rest.
> If your set of filters are leak more than one spam per day, you should
> fire your filter vendors and hire better.
>
> I'm trying to say that in practice, the various sorts of filters
> currently give you a lot of power to enforce the consent agreement.
>

I certainly agree, that is what I meant by rudimentary 'protections', albeit a 
trade-off so to speak to accepting the premise of a consent request and the 
ability to enforce the subsequent agreement.

-e
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 18:40:57 +0200

On Mon, Mar 31, 2003 at 04:36:59PM +0100, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> Further details available on http://www.messagelabs.com/viruseye (will 
> be updated to the March edition later today).

These are virus statistics. I can't see any spam statistics there.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
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> If I were a spammer (I am not) I'd start encrypting messages 
> to throw off
> content filtering. Public keys are easily obtainable and are readily
> associated with good email addresses.

We have not seen this to date but it is certainly a possibility,
one that cannot be fully addressed within the straghtjacket
of pretending SMTP is an end-to-end architecture.

The purpose of S/MIME encryption is to provide strong end-to-end
encryption. There are actually a large number of customers who
can't use that and so it is not unusual to see configurations
where a mail proxy either has the private decryption key or 
checks to see whether all encrypted mail is encrypted under an
escrowed key.

Stock brokers cannot by law use end-to-end encryption for reasons
that become clear during the Enron and dotCom bubble market
investigations. In the military any use of encryption has to
be controlled. You don't want people sending classified info
to the enemy.

These are edge cases however, in many cases you really do want 
true end-to-end. For example in a lawyers or doctor's office.

A non edge case is a device that does not have end to end
capability like my Rim pager. Here the problem is the 
combination of constrained bandwidth and processing power. 
On the other hand the protocols employed in this case are
highly customized and don't require standards.


There are two issues here:

1) The need to block DoS levels of spam at the perimeter

2) The need to use client side information to block spam


What is needed is a richer communication channel between
the MUA and MTA. In particular the client needs to be able to
send feedback to the mail server 'this is spam' or 'this is
needed'. Then the mail gateway can respond differently to
floods of mail from the same IP which in some cases may be
legitimate and in others may not.

For example, Congress changes it's mail server IP address.
Suddenly the Whitehouse gets a deluge of email from a new 
source. Ham or Spam?

This is a very tricky one because once that pornography has
got onto the mail server it is part of the record and deleting
it is a criminal offense that can lead to a congressional
witch hunt.


> Also, but not quite as complex:
> A few years ago, I 'invented*' a way to encode a whole web 
> page as a long
> string. This string is a variable in JavaScript. 

No active code of any sort should ever be run unless it is
from an authenticated source. HTTP pull constitutes a weak form
of authentication, SMTP push does not.

In practice though these schemes leave a signal that is far
more distinct than the appearance of certain words, in the 
same way that F-R-E-E is far more likely to indicate a spam
than free.

> Just a thought of what's to come...

That sort of thing is already happening.

		Phill
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> I think that's a large part 
> of my hatred for challenge/response of any kind.  It's extremely 
> unpleasant to spend a considerable amount of time composing a 
> message, researching a problem or doing some other amount of work, 
> put it all together into a note to someone, and then have them come 
> back and say, "Sorry, I'm not going to listen to you until you do 
> something I want first."  That's the kind of response I expect from 
> my kids--not an adult.

The part I really find annoying here is the way these people
say 'I have had very little complaints'.

Thats like Dogbert's IT department that responds to 'I can't
get onto the net' with 'send in a request by email'. Of course
you hear no complaints when you refuse to listen to them.


I have had direct mail from people with these schemes requesting
some piece of info or a favor and then had the reply bounced.

I send arround 2000 messages a year from my VeriSign account 
alone which go to something like 300 distinct recipients. There
is no way I am going to answer 300 callbacks.

	Phill
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Date: 31 Mar 2003 10:49:19 -0600

In <p06000d13baae078e502d@[192.168.1.104]> Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> writes:

> At 11:59 PM -0700 3/30/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> >This little drama is related to the spam problem.  There is a component
> >of human nature that hates purposefully not being heard.  Senders of
> >bulk advertising are often irrationally upset about being filtered.
> 
> You skipped from "humans" to "senders of bulk advertising" very nicely
> there.

"Senders of bulk advertising" are humans also.



> Several times now we have seen people using tools meant for stopping
> spammers, as a way of stopping normal human conversation.  And they
> are doing so without even the common courtesy of notifying their
> correspondent.  In the real world you would say, "I'm sorry, I don't
> want to talk about this any more," or "This will be my last message on
> this subject."

The bounce message from the block *was* a "I'm sorry, I don't want to
talk to you any more" message.  Ok, maybe it wasn't as polite as it
should be, but it is the same thing.




> If this is going to be typical of people's use of anti-spam tools then
> I think we should give some serious thought to the UI of such tools.

Yes, UI issues of spam filter need much more attention paid to them.
In particular, bounce messages are often far more confrontational,
cryptic and impolite than they should be.

One of the things that following this list has convinced me of is that
if you are going to block email, you should try very hard to make the
sender's MTA generate the bounce.  (You certainly shouldn't just
/dev/null the email.)  Even if the sender's MTA doesn't generate
particularly friendly or understandable bounce messages, at least it
will be consistent and there is chance that it will be in the right
language. 


>                           I think that's a large part of my hatred for
> challenge/response of any kind.

I think a large part of the objections to challenge-response systems
can be eliminated by only generating a challenge if a reasonably good
spam filter detects it as probable spam.  Most personal emails would
make it through unchallenged.  In the case that a challenge is
generated, you can give specific reasons why sender's email looks like
spam.  Different types of challenges could be generated depending on
how spammy the email looks.


-wayne

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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 09:55:24 -0700 (MST)

> From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>

> If I were a spammer (I am not) I'd start encrypting messages to throw off
> content filtering. Public keys are easily obtainable and are readily
> associated with good email addresses.

Many spammers encode their efforts as quoted-printable, base64,
or even both (never mind the MIME RFCs and MUA behavior).  However,
the stuff must still be deccode or decrypted at zillions of targets
or spamming is wasted effort.  If it can be decoded to show to a human,
then it can first be decoded for a filter.


> Also, but not quite as complex:
> A few years ago, I 'invented*' a way to encode a whole web page as a long
> string. This string is a variable in JavaScript. When it's opened, a
> function is applied to the string where it's decoded contents are written to
> the browser. Imagine a simple ROT13 decoder. What's more is Bayesian
> filtering would fail because the spammer can invent pads, and ROT bases,
> thereby inventing new 'words' in the dictionary all the time.
>
> Just a thought of what's to come...
> ...

That's all old hat.
The anti-spam counter is to apply the insight that wrecks most content
management schemes.  That insight is that it must be made intelligible
to humans, and that which is intelligible to humans can be recorded
and analyzed.  Some current spam filters spend more or less effort
render the HTML/Javascript/wathever before filtering.

The counter to that is to send spam that harder to analyze.  For
example, last year some stock-fraud spam was purely graphical, such
as URLs of pictures of text.
The counter to that is for filters to recognize naughty URLs.

And so forth.

As others have said, this is a never ending cycle.  The 6 years I've
been running content analyzing filters have convinced me that the
advantage lies with the defense.  Techically, I think it should be
easier to evade filters.  I've never built a filter that wouldn't be
easier to evade than to operate.  Spammers are always slow and behind.
Why?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 11:03:26 -0600

On Mon, Mar 31, 2003 at 08:53:30AM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> 
> > I think that's a large part 
> > of my hatred for challenge/response of any kind.  It's extremely 
> > unpleasant to spend a considerable amount of time composing a 
> > message, researching a problem or doing some other amount of work, 
> > put it all together into a note to someone, and then have them come 
> > back and say, "Sorry, I'm not going to listen to you until you do 
> > something I want first."  That's the kind of response I expect from 
> > my kids--not an adult.
> 
> The part I really find annoying here is the way these people
> say 'I have had very little complaints'.
> 
> Thats like Dogbert's IT department that responds to 'I can't
> get onto the net' with 'send in a request by email'. Of course
> you hear no complaints when you refuse to listen to them.

Not when you include a URL in the response which points to a web site
containing an email address they CAN get through to in order to complain
as well as another URL they can use to request communication with the user.
We couldn't afford to do the blocking we do without these abilities.

> i Have had direct mail from people with these schemes requesting
> some piece of info or a favor and then had the reply bounced.
> 
> I send arround 2000 messages a year from my VeriSign account 
> alone which go to something like 300 distinct recipients. There
> is no way I am going to answer 300 callbacks.
> 
> 	Phill
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

-- 

Steven F. Siirila			Office: Lind Hall, Room 130B
Internet Services			E-mail: sfs@umn.edu
Office of Information Technology	Voice: (612) 626-0244
University of Minnesota
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 12:16:27 -0500

Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com> wrote:
> Actually, that's not true.  I regularly receive spam whose motive is
> charity (please help my dying kid) or political and even sometimes religious.

  So it's not money, exactly, but they all want something from you.

> Thus I am not sure if commercial can fit in the definition or not.

  Commercial != corporate

  Maybe "impersonal" is a better adjective than "commercial".  The
senders have one thing in common: They don't care who you are, but
they want something from you.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 12:25:12 -0500 (EST)

> From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
> To: Asrg <asrg@ietf.org>
> Subject: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?

> If I were a spammer (I am not) I'd start encrypting messages to throw off
> content filtering. Public keys are easily obtainable and are readily
> associated with good email addresses.

Well, if you were a spammer and you did that, you'd soon be out of
business.  I would estimate that fewer than one in 100 e-mail users
use PGP or GnuPG at all, and even fewer than that have a public key.
So you'd drastically limit your audience.

In fact, widespread use of GPG-style encryption could help defeat
spammers.  If most people only accepted encrypted messages (except
from whitelisted mailing lists and such), it would become very
expensive to spam.  (Yes, I know this will never happen -- don't
bother replying.)

> Also, but not quite as complex:
> A few years ago, I 'invented*' a way to encode a whole web page as a long
> string. This string is a variable in JavaScript. When it's opened, a
> function is applied to the string where it's decoded contents are written to
> the browser. Imagine a simple ROT13 decoder. What's more is Bayesian
> filtering would fail because the spammer can invent pads, and ROT bases,
> thereby inventing new 'words' in the dictionary all the time.

You're assuming that most people have JavaScript-enabled mail readers.
There are simpler ways to defeat filtering, checksums and such without
depending on client-side software.

> Just a thought of what's to come...

Indeed.  Nevertheless, forcing tricks like that on spammers forces
them to use detectable behavior.  For those who reject any solutions
that simply perpetuate an "arms race", I think you'd better get over
it.  For the medium-term (5-10 years), "arms race" tools will be the
only practical anti-spam tools.

--
David.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 12:35:00 -0500

At 12:25 -0500 3/31/03, David F. Skoll wrote:
>  > From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
>>  To: Asrg <asrg@ietf.org>
>>  Subject: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
>
>>  If I were a spammer (I am not) I'd start encrypting messages to throw off
>>  content filtering. Public keys are easily obtainable and are readily
>>  associated with good email addresses.
>
>Well, if you were a spammer and you did that, you'd soon be out of
>business.  I would estimate that fewer than one in 100 e-mail users
>use PGP or GnuPG at all, and even fewer than that have a public key.
>So you'd drastically limit your audience.
>
>In fact, widespread use of GPG-style encryption could help defeat
>spammers.  If most people only accepted encrypted messages (except
>from whitelisted mailing lists and such), it would become very
>expensive to spam.  (Yes, I know this will never happen -- don't
>bother replying.)

Why is this? If they've got my e-mail address they can get my public key.
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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Vernon Schryver
> Sent: Monday, March 31, 2003 11:55 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
>
>
> > From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
>
> > If I were a spammer (I am not) I'd start encrypting messages to
> throw off
> > content filtering. Public keys are easily obtainable and are readily
> > associated with good email addresses.
>
> Many spammers encode their efforts as quoted-printable, base64,
> or even both (never mind the MIME RFCs and MUA behavior).  However,
> the stuff must still be deccode or decrypted at zillions of targets
> or spamming is wasted effort.  If it can be decoded to show to a human,
> then it can first be decoded for a filter.

The difference here is that a scheme that I describe exists as JavaScript
code until render time. The observation here to make is that render time is
AFTER decode time. Base64, mime,  and ROT13 can be done using compiled code
already in the client, so it can filter after that is done. By throwing it
into JavaScript, it's not rendered until shown.

> As others have said, this is a never ending cycle.  The 6 years I've
> been running content analyzing filters have convinced me that the
> advantage lies with the defense.  Technically, I think it should be
> easier to evade filters.  I've never built a filter that wouldn't be
> easier to evade than to operate.  Spammers are always slow and behind.
> Why?

They are lazy and reactive as we are: they only want to do a minimum amount
of work to keep doing their thing. We react, and they have to react to our
reaction. Coming up with the perfect method of spam would only shorten their
lives, as a perfect method would draw 100% of the spammers, and therefore
100% of anti-spammers attempting to kill it off. It's much better for them
to play this cat-and-mouse game.

We could implement a complete anti-spam infrastructure that would take all
the method and motive out of spamming, but this list has proven to me that
we'll never take that step because admins are lazy.

I came up with (what I thought was) the most important piece of a system to
ending spam and I got baulked at. It was not hard to implement, but no one
seemed to think it important.

(It was a mail protocol negotiation proxy, so the internet could use
multiple mail protocols, each protocol can easily be replaced, or upgraded.
If the preferred supposed spam-unfriendly protocol was not used, there would
be some 'penalty' (delay, filtering, tar proxy) imposed. This would allow
protocols to compete, with the bonus of weaking spam techniques, because
hopefully, the same technique won't work on all protocols.)



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Date: 31 Mar 2003 11:52:34 -0600

In <20030329182951.GA9659@main.templetons.com> Brad Templeton <brad@templetons.com> writes:

> > if 10,000 separate senders each mail to targeted lists of 50 people,
> > soliciting money, is that not spam?
> 
> If the 10,000 people are, as you say, separate, and not caused to do so by one
> entity, then no, it would not be under this definition. 
> 
> Have we seen a lot of this happening?


Yes, there are a lot of this kind of thing happening.  Consider all
the "email your congresscritter" campaigns.  I would consider this A
Good Thing and not to be spam.



-wayne

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 12:57:23 -0500
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Jim
> Youll
> Sent: Monday, March 31, 2003 12:35 PM
> To: David F. Skoll; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
>
>
> At 12:25 -0500 3/31/03, David F. Skoll wrote:
> >  > From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
> >>  To: Asrg <asrg@ietf.org>
> >>  Subject: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
> >
> >>  If I were a spammer (I am not) I'd start encrypting messages
> to throw off
> >>  content filtering. Public keys are easily obtainable and are readily
> >>  associated with good email addresses.
> >
> >Well, if you were a spammer and you did that, you'd soon be out of
> >business.  I would estimate that fewer than one in 100 e-mail users
> >use PGP or GnuPG at all, and even fewer than that have a public key.
> >So you'd drastically limit your audience.
> >
> >In fact, widespread use of GPG-style encryption could help defeat
> >spammers.  If most people only accepted encrypted messages (except
> >from whitelisted mailing lists and such), it would become very
> >expensive to spam.  (Yes, I know this will never happen -- don't
> >bother replying.)

It was only an example. But I do wonder.. any encrypted PGP or GnuPG message
would have higher social credibility for me...

But imagine this in a message:
--- start---
[javascript]
$cypher_text="dsfjhsjdfhsdfjksdhfskjfhsd.."
function decrypt(key, cypher_text){
/* do description */
document.writeln($plain_text)
}
[/javascript]

[body onload=decrypt("aasc", $cypher_text)]
--- finish ---
Now all your filters, Bayesian or not, will only work on the actual text
seen between start and finish. No filtering will be done of the "message" -
what the user sees.  Furthermore, variable and function names are infinitely
variable, and what is not variable is standard html/js stuff and has
significant legit use.

-J

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To: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
cc: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 13:02:37 -0500 (EST)

On Mon, 31 Mar 2003, Jason Hihn wrote:

> But imagine this in a message:

> [javascript]
> $cypher_text="dsfjhsjdfhsdfjksdhfskjfhsd.."
> function decrypt(key, cypher_text){
> /* do description */
> document.writeln($plain_text)
> }
> [/javascript]

> [body onload=decrypt("aasc", $cypher_text)]
> --- finish ---

That is fascinating.  I read my mail with Pine.

> Now all your filters, Bayesian or not, will only work on the actual text
> seen between start and finish.

Here's a simple rule:

	IF body contains "javascript THEN bounce.

If that's too draconian, then:

	IF body contains "onload=" THEN bounce.

> No filtering will be done of the "message" -
> what the user sees.  Furthermore, variable and function names are infinitely
> variable, and what is not variable is standard html/js stuff and has
> significant legit use.

Not according to me, at least not in e-mail.  My mail filters already
strip HTML from incoming mail.  I can't say for sure, because I never
actually see HTML mail, but I don't believe anyone has ever sent me a
legitimate e-mail with javascript code in it.

If spammers start abusing this, then we'll have the happy result that
more people will start filtering out HTML mail, and we'll go back to
plain-text e-mail. :-)

--
David.
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
To: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
cc: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 13:04:16 -0500 (EST)

On Mon, 31 Mar 2003, Jason Hihn wrote:

> It was only an example. But I do wonder.. any encrypted PGP or GnuPG message
> would have higher social credibility for me...

Ah, yes.  Opportunistically encrypting messages for recipients who do
have public keys would be a nasty, if somewhat expensive, way to get
past spam filters.  But actually, you can just "pretend" to be a
GPG-signed message to evade some of the more popular content filters.

--
David.
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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> That is fascinating.  I read my mail with Pine.

You sir, are both unlucky and lucky. I was a long-time pine user, but the
20th century has come and gone. ;-)

The vast majority of people are using Outlook. Outlook users know nothing,
and we can thank BillG for the lovely lack of security and common sense in
his products due to his monopoly. No one knows how to turn all that ActiveX,
Javascript, and document macros off. (Well we do, but Joe Blow doesn't, nor
do they know why they should care) They don't even know that Outlook is bad!
It's there, so they use it. Companies are worse, they blow money patching
and recovering from the infections that Outlook makes possible.

I use Mozilla, with Javascript turned off and 'Bayesian' filtering. It's
quite nice, and as filtering becomes more common place, spam will be more
tolerable. I just look at the 100s of messages I get a day and laugh now.
What do I care anymore? Filters are good enough. I get 1 sneaking through
every 4-6 days now. Eventually, I think that the net ops people will be the
only ones objecting. Better act fast and use the public's hatred of spam
before the problem disappears behind a filter! Then you'll have nothing to
leverage!

> > Now all your filters, Bayesian or not, will only work on the actual text
> > seen between start and finish.
>
> Here's a simple rule:
>
> 	IF body contains "javascript THEN bounce.

Then sir, you'd have never gotten my message.

> If that's too draconian, then:
>
> 	IF body contains "onload=" THEN bounce.

Again, you'd never have gotten my message, even though my use was only
illustrative, and quite legit.

>
> > No filtering will be done of the "message" -
> > what the user sees.  Furthermore, variable and function names
> are infinitely
> > variable, and what is not variable is standard html/js stuff and has
> > significant legit use.




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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 10:31:46 -0800


Jason Hihn said:

> But imagine this in a message:
> --- start---
> [javascript]
> $cypher_text="dsfjhsjdfhsdfjksdhfskjfhsd.."
> function decrypt(key, cypher_text){
> /* do description */
> document.writeln($plain_text)
> }
> [/javascript]
> 
> [body onload=decrypt("aasc", $cypher_text)]
> --- finish ---
> Now all your filters, Bayesian or not, will only work on the actual text
> seen between start and finish. No filtering will be done of the "message" -
> what the user sees.  Furthermore, variable and function names are infinitely
> variable, and what is not variable is standard html/js stuff and has
> significant legit use.

This exists -- I think a search for SBL will throw up one spammer
(Merlin?) who writes this kind of polymorphic-style spam.

In SpamAssassin's ruleset, the use of a body onload attribute, or
Javascript decryptors, is an incredibly strong spam-sign -- because *no*
legit mail ever does this. 

I think this may be one reason I haven't seen 1 spam that does this, since
about a year ago. ;)

--j.
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Cc: "'Kee Hinckley'" <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Fwd: Returned mail: see transcript for details
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On Monday, March 31, 2003 10:27 AM, Kee Hinckley [SMTP:nazgul@somewhere.com] 
wrote:
> At 11:59 PM -0700 3/30/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> >This little drama is related to the spam problem.  There is a component
> >of human nature that hates purposefully not being heard.  Senders of
> >bulk advertising are often irrationally upset about being filtered.
>
> You skipped from "humans" to "senders of bulk advertising" very
> nicely there.  You weren't cutting off a sender of bulk advertising.
...

Indeed, but IMHO think that part of the issue is off topic for this group. more 
below...

> This whole conversation has been very educational.
>

I also concur here.  Some of the inter-personal dynamics on this list (and I 
really do hate to say this, please forgive me) have ranged in the short time 
I've been subscribed between merely anti-social to juvenile.  I hope it will 
stop and we can get to some serious engineering work amongst the obvious very 
talented minds on this list.  It really is not worthy of the talents assembled 
here to continue to descend into some (not by any means all) off-topic 
discussions that do not help assemble our collective consensus or develop any 
solutions.  My sense is people should endeavor to check there ego's at the 
door, and that of course includes me as well.

...
> If this is going to be typical of people's use of anti-spam tools
> then I think we should give some serious thought to the UI of such
> tools.

I am not sure what bearing that would have on a UI of any product that would be 
developers or marketers preference, but I do take your point that some of the 
conversation has been enlightening with respect to how sociology can and has 
colored the issue we are dealing with.  It is an interesting observation, but 
again I think too deep and detailed a matter for consideration by this group in 
which we all seek to contribute something relevant to the goals.  An 
interesting study for someone but not IMHO on the track.

This is a request.  We all no the standards of the IETF and its working groups, 
and the methods for engineering a solution as a team (I suspect many if not all 
of the people on this list have done that before and currently).  We are a 
group of very talented individuals and organizations, including some who have 
authored the very standards and protocols we are considering, not to mention 
having developed the methodology of this research group.  Everyone should take 
a breath and stop to listen and reduce the chatter for a moment at least to 
reflect on why and whether they really want to participate in forming a 
solution.  Check your ego, not your opinions and ideas at the door.  Be 
prepared to consider a different point of view.  Be flexible, we all must 
concede to some compromises in order to form a consensus.  A solution may not 
be achievable, but its always worth a shot.  If you are dis-heartened with the 
results, take a step back and see how you may re-enter with a new innovative 
way to approach the issue.

These are some of the keys to developing a solution in this environment. I hope 
we can utilize these methods to the greatest extent possible.  This is a 
technical forum and although some of the issues presented and discussed may not 
all be 'technical' or amenable to a 'technical' solution, we should always 
strive or reach for a solution from such a standpoint.  Thanks for listening. 
 Let's get to work. :-)


-e
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We know spammers are typically/most often rouge players, do we not?

-e

On Monday, March 31, 2003 11:34 AM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
> > From: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>
>
> > > This little drama is related to the spam problem.  There is a component
> > > of human nature that hates purposefully not being heard.  Senders of
> > > bulk advertising are often irrationally upset about being filtered.
> >
> > I agree, and more importantly, *learning* that you are purposely not
> > being heard.
>
> Exactly.
>
> It should also be noted that there is a part of human nature that
> likes to announce deafness, or shout "I can't hear you" with fingers
> in ears instead of walking away.  Or send "spam LARTS" to spammers.
> E.g. should I have used "DISCARD" instead of "REJECT" in my filter?
>
> > I think this is why things like DNSBLs used to bounce email and the
> > challenge-response systems get so much flak about false positives,
> > where systems that silently /dev/null false positives gets far less
> > attention.  DNSBLs in particular publish their information, so you can
> > check that you are indeed listed, while you can't test content
> > filters.
>
> Not so.  Body filters can also announce or keep quiet about their
> effects with bounces or SMTP status codes like any DNS blacklists.
> For example, you can tell sendmail to discard quiently based on
> access_DB or DNS blacklist, and a sendmail body filter can generate
> a 5yz or 4yz rejection.  You can't test a DNSBL that is set to "discard."
> You can test a body filter that is not configured to be silent or
> misleading by sending a test message to a known bad address and looking
> at the result.
>
>
> > Ignorance of a false positive may be bliss, but it isn't a good
> > thing.
>
> Says who, the spammer or the spam target?
> My point is that whether a mail sender cares about a false positive
> is completely secondary to whether the mail target wants.  If the
> mail target does not care about false positives and wants to keep them
> secret, then so be it, no matter what the sender might wish.
>
> That is the basis of the spam problem.  Senders think they have rights
> that supercede the inclinations of targets.  Any effective spam defense
> must explicitly deprecated all rights of mail senders (except perhaps
> copyrights) and must also assume that many mail senders are malicious.
> If many mail senders were not malicious, there would be no opposition
> to global opt-out lists (including per-domain), even solicited mail
> advertising would have "Subject: ADV" tags, and you would not need to
> opt-out of newsletters every 6 months,
>
> Thus, back to my claim that communicating consent to mail senders is
> a bad idea.  Some mail senders would honor expressions of consent,
> but most will not.
>
> Proof of that "most" is that solicited mail advertising does not carry
> "Subject: ADV" tags.  If most advertisers really wanted to honor
> recipient consent, they would go out of their way to label their
> missives to give their targets many ways to implement their consent.
>
>
> Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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I would be interested in reading more on this proposal.  It may present some 
valuable information.  Don't know but I'll give you another set of eyes to look 
at it.  Thanks.

-e

On Monday, March 31, 2003 12:37 PM, Jason Hihn [SMTP:jhihn@paytimepayroll.com] 
wrote:
8<...>8
> I came up with (what I thought was) the most important piece of a system to
> ending spam and I got baulked at. It was not hard to implement, but no one
> seemed to think it important.
>
> (It was a mail protocol negotiation proxy, so the internet could use
> multiple mail protocols, each protocol can easily be replaced, or upgraded.
> If the preferred supposed spam-unfriendly protocol was not used, there would
> be some 'penalty' (delay, filtering, tar proxy) imposed. This would allow
> protocols to compete, with the bonus of weaking spam techniques, because
> hopefully, the same technique won't work on all protocols.)
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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On Monday, March 31, 2003 1:25 PM, Eric D. Williams [SMTP:eric@infobro.com] 
wrote:
8<...>8
> This is a request.  We all no the standards of the IETF and its working
-----------------------------^^--I meant 'know' sorry. -e

> groups,  and the methods for engineering a solution as a team (I suspect many 
if not
> all of the people on this list have done that before and currently).  We are 
a
> group of very talented individuals and organizations, including some who have
> authored the very standards and protocols we are considering, not to mention
> having developed the methodology of this research group.  Everyone should 
take
> a breath and stop to listen and reduce the chatter for a moment at least to
> reflect on why and whether they really want to participate in forming a
> solution.  Check your ego, not your opinions and ideas at the door.  Be
> prepared to consider a different point of view.  Be flexible, we all must
> concede to some compromises in order to form a consensus.  A solution may not
> be achievable, but its always worth a shot.  If you are dis-heartened with 
the
> results, take a step back and see how you may re-enter with a new innovative
> way to approach the issue.
>
> These are some of the keys to developing a solution in this environment. I
> hope we can utilize these methods to the greatest extent possible.  This is a 
> technical forum and although some of the issues presented and discussed may
> not all be 'technical' or amenable to a 'technical' solution, we should 
always
> strive or reach for a solution from such a standpoint.  Thanks for listening.
>
>  Let's get to work. :-)
>
>
> -e
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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On Monday, March 31, 2003, at 10:25  AM, Jason Hihn wrote:

>> That is fascinating.  I read my mail with Pine.
>
> You sir, are both unlucky and lucky. I was a long-time pine user, but 
> the
> 20th century has come and gone. ;-)
>
> The vast majority of people are using Outlook.

This, I think, is a potential issue in this group: how many of the 
people attempting to build these policies know what Joe User really 
does, think and wants. I've seen a number of approaches and comments 
that lead me to think some folks see the net as "everyone does it the 
way I do it" -- there seem to be some serious blind spots, or perhaps, 
tunnel vision, in the discussions. I'm not sure what can be done about 
it, though, but it's an issue that needs to be kept in mind: whatever 
gets built needs to be built so Joe User can use it and will use it and 
does what he wants..

> Companies are worse, they blow money patching
> and recovering from the infections that Outlook makes possible.

companies are increasingly looking for alternatives, but when you have 
an existing company-wide system with a large user population and you 
can't just take the system down for a week to revamp things, moving to 
a new environment takes a lot of time, energy and money. Especially 
since e-mail is by all measures a corporate critical function almost 
everywhere now. Sometimes, the work needed to make a switch simply 
overwhelms an organization's ability to do it.

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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Chuq Von Rospach [mailto:chuqui@plaidworks.com]
> Sent: Monday, March 31, 2003 2:18 PM
> To: Jason Hihn
> Cc: David F. Skoll; Jim Youll; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
>
>
>
> On Monday, March 31, 2003, at 10:25  AM, Jason Hihn wrote:
>
> >> That is fascinating.  I read my mail with Pine.
> >
> > You sir, are both unlucky and lucky. I was a long-time pine user, but
> > the
> > 20th century has come and gone. ;-)
> >
> > The vast majority of people are using Outlook.
>
> This, I think, is a potential issue in this group: how many of the
> people attempting to build these policies know what Joe User really
> does, think and wants. I've seen a number of approaches and comments
> that lead me to think some folks see the net as "everyone does it the
> way I do it" -- there seem to be some serious blind spots, or perhaps,
> tunnel vision, in the discussions. I'm not sure what can be done about
> it, though, but it's an issue that needs to be kept in mind: whatever
> gets built needs to be built so Joe User can use it and will use it and
> does what he wants..

It shouldn't matter what the reader is. I belive there is at least the one
consensus that infratructure upgrades need to be done. Once that is done, it
should (again) no longer matter who uses what to read mail because it will
never get to them anyway.

> > Companies are worse, they blow money patching
> > and recovering from the infections that Outlook makes possible.
>
> companies are increasingly looking for alternatives, but when you have
> an existing company-wide system with a large user population and you
> can't just take the system down for a week to revamp things, moving to
> a new environment takes a lot of time, energy and money. Especially
> since e-mail is by all measures a corporate critical function almost
> everywhere now. Sometimes, the work needed to make a switch simply
> overwhelms an organization's ability to do it.

And the solution to this may lay in that proposal of mine that wasn't well
received. I will work on cleaning it up. (I'm not the best writer.) Maybe
then I can get more people enthusuastic about it. I think if we got some
talent to code it, we'd have something to play with at the end of a day. I
could almost do it myself, but I have no good experience writing scalable
socket-driven apps. (Threading, I/O completion ports, etc) But I could
prototype it in some scripting language...




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Matt,

Many thanks for the detailed response.  My point was not to hassle you,
specifically, but to carry through with the concern I raised at the S.F.
IETF meeting.  Namely, this is an area that has lots of statistics
bandied about, some of which have no objective validity. Even when they
have validity, they can be subject to different, legitimate
interpretations.  This is a complicated topic.

So, as a technical forum, we need to seek technical due diligence, if we
are going to have any meaningful basis for evaluating one claim over
another.


MS> Wouldn't it be more sane to ask people to check the archives for that
MS> poster? *sigh*

I'm afraid I have no idea what you mean by this text.  I do not
understand the sentence.

In any event, I think that when someone puts a claim forward -- any
claim -- that person carries the burden to make the case for that claim.
Placing the burden on each reader to do any substantial research to
validate the claim, strikes me as inefficient, at best.


MS> This is just spam detected for our customers (about 1.3m users across

Thanks for clarifying that you work for the source of the information.
I probably should have known that, but I didn't, and your From field
address is different.


MS> the globe). So some has got through (about 92-98% accuracy is usual).
MS> Spam is detected by a variety of means, but most spam is detected via

as was noted, the link points to a virus monitor, not a spam monitor.


MS> heuristics (and no I'm not proposing this as a long term solution to

Virus detection that permits labeling the specific virus -- as is done
in the viruseye display -- does not use heuristics.  The code does
pattern matching, but not "guessing".

When heuristics DO get used, the obvious requirement is for accompanying
statistics about rates of false positives and false negatives. That is,
confidence levels for the heuistics.


d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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> > >Well, if you were a spammer and you did that, you'd soon be out of
> > >business.  I would estimate that fewer than one in 100 e-mail users
> > >use PGP or GnuPG at all, and even fewer than that have a 
> public key.
> > >So you'd drastically limit your audience.

PGP is irrelevant, every major email client with the exception of
Eudora has supported S/MIME for 5 years now. There are half a billion
S/MIME clients out there.

The problem is that few clients are currently configured to use
encryption. This is going to change in future, in part because of
spam and in part because its the right thing to do.


> > >In fact, widespread use of GPG-style encryption could help defeat
> > >spammers.  If most people only accepted encrypted messages (except
> > >from whitelisted mailing lists and such), it would become very
> > >expensive to spam.  (Yes, I know this will never happen -- don't
> > >bother replying.)

Unfortunately not, there are SSL accelerators that do thousands of RSA
operations a second. They are unfortunately not FIPS approved in general
but spam senders don't care about that.


> It was only an example. But I do wonder.. any encrypted PGP 
> or GnuPG message
> would have higher social credibility for me...
> 
> But imagine this in a message:
> --- start---
> [javascript]
> $cypher_text="dsfjhsjdfhsdfjksdhfskjfhsd.."
> function decrypt(key, cypher_text){
> /* do description */
> document.writeln($plain_text)
> }
> [/javascript]
> 
> [body onload=decrypt("aasc", $cypher_text)]
> --- finish ---
> Now all your filters, Bayesian or not, will only work on the 
> actual text
> seen between start and finish.

Not necessarily, run the code in a sandbox, if you can't trust
the code enough to do that then certainly don't forward it to
the user, discard it like any other virus.

> No filtering will be done of 
> the "message" -
> what the user sees.  Furthermore, variable and function names 
> are infinitely
> variable, and what is not variable is standard html/js stuff and has
> significant legit use.

First I don't believe there is any legit function for Javascript
and absolutely not in email. Filter all active code at the firewall
unless it comes from an authenticated and trusted source.

This goes for attachments too, filter out all the word and excell
documents with macros unless the sender is trusted. There must be 
code readilly available to detect macros in these files.

Second renaming the variables does not affect the ability of
recognizers to detect it, this was demonstrated by some anti-cheat
software that was developed at Southampton University in the 
1980s. Code can be identified by the structure very easily.
Virus checkers use the same techniques.

		Phill
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 12:59:50 -0700 (MST)

> From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
> To: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>

> ...
> > [javascript]
> > $cypher_text="dsfjhsjdfhsdfjksdhfskjfhsd.."
> > function decrypt(key, cypher_text){
> ...

> That is fascinating.  I read my mail with Pine.

Other, more common MUAs are either configured by default to ignore
javascript in mail or can be easily set to ignore scripts (e.g. Netscape 7).
(I use BSD `mail,` which is even older and less common than Pine.)

Turning off scripts in mail seems like obvious precaution for anyone
using a Microsoft operating system.


> > Now all your filters, Bayesian or not, will only work on the actual text
> > seen between start and finish.

No, that is wrong.  A filter can decode the SMTP body exactly as it
will be decoded by the MUA.  If the MUA can decode the message enough
to present it to the user, then so can the filter.  The filter and
the MUA can share common code to do the decoding.  If the filter cannot
decode the message, then neither can the MUA.  There is no magic.
Computer programs are deterministic.  They do the same thing given
the same input.  They do not care if a human or some other program is
looking at their outputs.

Again, as I said before, it is now fairly common for spam body filters
to do at least rudimetary HTML decoding, so that they base their filter
decisions on something close to what the user will see.  It turns out
to be fairly easy to decode a lot of HTML, which is why the leading
edge of spam has stopped using <!--HTML comments--> and switched to
URLs pointing to the content.

This sort of HTML and script decoding can be done as part of the processing
of the SMTP DATA command so that an appropriate SMTP status code can be
given.  This sort of thing is the purpose of sendmail milter filters.  I
don't know of any sendmail milters that decode (i.e. execute) Javascript,
but there is no technical reason preventing it.  Common SMTP client
timeouts are long enough to let an SMTP filter follow links in HTML
messages and use whatever they produce to affect filtering.


> ...
> If spammers start abusing this, then we'll have the happy result that
> more people will start filtering out HTML mail, and we'll go back to
> plain-text e-mail. :-)

Which would be a good thing.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: "'Hallam-Baker, Phillip'" <pbaker@verisign.com>,
        "'Jason Hihn'"
	 <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>,
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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Although I think this already exists in one form or another [RFC2635 - "DON'T 
SPEW..."].  Has anyone considered drafting a preliminary or running list of MTA 
configuration best current practices for reducing 'spam'?  Phill, from your 
posting I perceive that may be something that you could begin to work on (with 
others or not). Certainly any work product could be improved, evaluated and 
substantiated by the group.

All: A question is the discussion of end-user MUA technology uses of encryption 
something people want to address as a 'spam' control solution?  This is just a 
question.

-e

On Monday, March 31, 2003 2:42 PM, Hallam-Baker, Phillip 
[SMTP:pbaker@verisign.com] wrote:
>
> > > >Well, if you were a spammer and you did that, you'd soon be out of
> > > >business.  I would estimate that fewer than one in 100 e-mail users
> > > >use PGP or GnuPG at all, and even fewer than that have a
> > public key.
> > > >So you'd drastically limit your audience.
>
> PGP is irrelevant, every major email client with the exception of
> Eudora has supported S/MIME for 5 years now. There are half a billion
> S/MIME clients out there.
>
> The problem is that few clients are currently configured to use
> encryption. This is going to change in future, in part because of
> spam and in part because its the right thing to do.
>
>
> > > >In fact, widespread use of GPG-style encryption could help defeat
> > > >spammers.  If most people only accepted encrypted messages (except
> > > >from whitelisted mailing lists and such), it would become very
> > > >expensive to spam.  (Yes, I know this will never happen -- don't
> > > >bother replying.)
>
> Unfortunately not, there are SSL accelerators that do thousands of RSA
> operations a second. They are unfortunately not FIPS approved in general
> but spam senders don't care about that.
>
>
> > It was only an example. But I do wonder.. any encrypted PGP
> > or GnuPG message
> > would have higher social credibility for me...
> >
> > But imagine this in a message:
> > --- start---
> > [javascript]
> > $cypher_text="dsfjhsjdfhsdfjksdhfskjfhsd.."
> > function decrypt(key, cypher_text){
> > /* do description */
> > document.writeln($plain_text)
> > }
> > [/javascript]
> >
> > [body onload=decrypt("aasc", $cypher_text)]
> > --- finish ---
> > Now all your filters, Bayesian or not, will only work on the
> > actual text
> > seen between start and finish.
>
> Not necessarily, run the code in a sandbox, if you can't trust
> the code enough to do that then certainly don't forward it to
> the user, discard it like any other virus.
>
> > No filtering will be done of
> > the "message" -
> > what the user sees.  Furthermore, variable and function names
> > are infinitely
> > variable, and what is not variable is standard html/js stuff and has
> > significant legit use.
>
> First I don't believe there is any legit function for Javascript
> and absolutely not in email. Filter all active code at the firewall
> unless it comes from an authenticated and trusted source.
>
> This goes for attachments too, filter out all the word and excell
> documents with macros unless the sender is trusted. There must be
> code readilly available to detect macros in these files.
>
> Second renaming the variables does not affect the ability of
> recognizers to detect it, this was demonstrated by some anti-cheat
> software that was developed at Southampton University in the
> 1980s. Code can be identified by the structure very easily.
> Virus checkers use the same techniques.
>
> 		Phill
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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>
> First I don't believe there is any legit function for Javascript
> and absolutely not in email. Filter all active code at the firewall
> unless it comes from an authenticated and trusted source.

Mailed HTML forms, with javascript validation. As I understand it, this is
the only reason why this stuff is put up with today. I think we can do away
with it though. I've never used it and working around it (send a link, and
not the page) is done easily enough. (I am all for this!)

> This goes for attachments too, filter out all the word and excell
> documents with macros unless the sender is trusted. There must be
> code readilly available to detect macros in these files.

You'd think so, but those are proprietary formats, my friend. And to my
knowledge, non-proprietary formats (Open Office) aren't stupid enough to
have macros (at least the auto-open ones) (the last time I checked).
Furthermore, trusting the sender is not enough, as we usually infect the
ones we love (those in our address books) when it's outlook virus time!

> Second renaming the variables does not affect the ability of
> recognizers to detect it, this was demonstrated by some anti-cheat
> software that was developed at Southampton University in the
> 1980s. Code can be identified by the structure very easily.
> Virus checkers use the same techniques.

Indeed you are correct, but I was referring to a word-type filter, and not a
structure-based one.



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Brad,

BT> Alas, now we see how hard it is to get consensus on this.
>> BT>                     Sent as part of a mass mailing, which is to say some
>> BT>                         person commanded that mail be sent to more than
>> BT>                         a few hundred people
>> 
>> if 10,000 separate senders each mail to targeted lists of 50 people,
>> soliciting money, is that not spam?

BT> If the 10,000 people are, as you say, separate, and not caused to do so by one
BT> entity, then no, it would not be under this definition.

I was trying to highlight a problem with the definition.

The person that receives each of those 10,000 messages is going to be
pretty clear that they have received spam.


BT> Have we seen a lot of this happening?   I think it is vital in this issue
BT> not to solve hypotheticals that are not actually taking place,

I concur entirely.  It is essential to ask that question for every
scenario people put forward.

As to the particulars, here, there are two concerns:

1.  Spam is two different problems.  One is traffic for ISPs and the
other is traffic for recipients.  Neither really cares how many places
that traffic comes from.  Hence, making the definition rely on single,
major offenders carries a serious risk, if there are many, small
offenders.

2.  Targeted marketing is becoming much, much easier.  Hence, many small
offenders is becoming essentially trivial.

I do not know whether they are yet a major source of the problem. As
soon as we make mechanisms that successfully limit single-source
volumes, we will get this alternative traffic. Spammers have proved to
be very, very adaptable.


>> BT>                     The recipient never solicited the mailing, nor has
>> BT>                         had voluntary contact with the sender in the past
>> 
>> Anyone you have ever had contact with is thereby authorized to send you
>> a solicitation?

BT> Sure.  Again, how much of your "spam" is coming from parties who are not
BT> strangers to you?

I am not a good person to ask, since my tolerance level for unsolicited
solicitations is close to zero.

My impression is that it is a common problem on the net.


BT>   And in this case, how many problems have you had with
BT> getting removed from their lists?

Given that responding to a rogue spammer is a good way to validate that
your address is valid and that you are a responsive Internet email user,
the problem is knowing when it is "safe" to ask to be removed.


BT>    If you have some numbers, let me know.
BT> My own experience is that UBE from parties known to me is rare, and for those
BT> parties not to honour a remove request immediately is extremely rare.

Based on some involvement with a subscription (ie, opt-in) volume mail
startup, I'll note that one problem is that people forget what they have
signed up for.

This takes us back to the problem of knowing who it is "safe" to ask to
remove you.


>> BT>                     The sender has not been asked to stop mailing the
>> BT>                         recipient
>> 
>> Everyone gets one free shot at abusing (or, ummm, rather "stuffing")
>> your mailbox?

BT> Actually, under this definition, everybody _you_ talk to gets one "free shot."

So, in Internet scale operation, that is up to 100 million extra pieces
of email.  Or rather more, since "corporations" are independent of
individuals.  And people form new corporations all the time.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 09:18:58 -0800

> > Ignorance of a false positive may be bliss, but it isn't a good
> > thing.
> 
> Says who, the spammer or the spam target?
> My point is that whether a mail sender cares about a false positive
> is completely secondary to whether the mail target wants. 

If the message is a spam then it is not a false positive by definition. If
the recipient does not want the message it is not a false positive by my
definition.

I think that this attitude of trying to redefine false positive to mean spam
simply won't wash. It is being used to try to make the hard part of the
problem go away by pretending it does not matter. It reminds me of Douglas
Adam's laywers who try re-defining murder, re-evaluating muder and
eventually re-spelling it in an attempt to find a solution.

Fact is false positives do matter, and not just to the sender, by definition
a false positive matters to the recipient or it is not a false positive.

And in this particular instance 'by definition' means precisely that, it is
not used for emphasis. The definition of spam may be nebulous but false
positive is not.

	Phil 
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> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Fwd: Returned mail: see transcript for details
>
> At 11:59 PM -0700 3/30/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> >This little drama is related to the spam problem.  There is a
component
> >of human nature that hates purposefully not being heard.  Senders of
> >bulk advertising are often irrationally upset about being filtered.
>
> You skipped from "humans" to "senders of bulk advertising" very
> nicely there.  You weren't cutting off a sender of bulk advertising.
> You've also missed the other side of that obvious
> statement--purposefully not hearing someone is considered socially
> rude.  I've had people do that to me more than once--typically after
> accusing me of spamming or some other activity that I didn't do.
> Someone else on the list put that behavior in exactly the context it
> belongs.  "Nah, nah... I can't hear you!"  Typically with fingers in
> ears and tongue sticking out.  The word you are looking for is
> "juvenile."
>
> This whole conversation has been very educational.
>
> Several times now we have seen people using tools meant for stopping
> spammers, as a way of stopping normal human conversation.  And they
> are doing so without even the common courtesy of notifying their
> correspondent.  In the real world you would say, "I'm sorry, I don't
> want to talk about this any more," or "This will be my last message
> on this subject."  If the correspondent continues to respond, then
> you ignore them.  But somewhere along the line the hardcore spam
> fighters have gotten so used to blocking messages that they believe
> it's socially acceptable to just bounce people's email when they feel
> like it.  They have a hammer, and they've decided to use it on
> anything that looks like a nail.
>
> If this is going to be typical of people's use of anti-spam tools
> then I think we should give some serious thought to the UI of such
> tools.
I find this attitude hard to believe!  If I am subject to unsolicited
email,
I have the perfect right to block future attempts to continue this
practice.

I liken this to someone being invited into my home to sell me on selling
Amway....  I invited them (Opt-In), and I can uninvited them(Opt-Out).
I do not however, have to accept them continuously returning to my
home after I have uninvited them (Opt-Out) or to show up unsolicited.

I feel the same way about lying or stealing (forged FROM:, Misleading
subject),
or Fraud (here, you can opt-out, but I will sell your email to
others)...  I
should not have to respond to what I consider a criminal act in some
cases
with "common courtesy".

How would you react to me calling you collect to sell you my collection
of bottle caps and match books?   After all, you did visit my web
site...

I wish I had a hammer to hit back at the spammers, instead I have only
a few wet noodles at my disposal.

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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 19:19:47 +0200

On Mon, Mar 31, 2003 at 09:55:24AM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> Many spammers encode their efforts as quoted-printable, base64,
> or even both (never mind the MIME RFCs and MUA behavior).

You mean like in
    Perfo<!--|s=3zd=3FAizd[S0=|d,F08F3-->rmance
    En<!--|s=3zd=3FAizd[S0=|d,F08F3-->hancer
    Enla<!--|s=3zd=3FAizd[S0=|d,F08F3-->rgement
> easier to evade than to operate.  Spammers are always slow and behind.
> Why?

If they are so far behind, why do/did messages of these type pass so much
"ahead" content filters?

> However,
> the stuff must still be deccode or decrypted at zillions of targets
> or spamming is wasted effort.  If it can be decoded to show to a human,
> then it can first be decoded for a filter.

Do you suggest I should write down the passphrase to my private key in
some file so that the filter can decode incoming encrypted emails?

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 22:29:50 +0200

On Mon, Mar 31, 2003 at 11:41:50AM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> PGP is irrelevant, every major email client with the exception of
> Eudora has supported S/MIME for 5 years now. There are half a billion
> S/MIME clients out there.

Could we please stop that marketing bullshit? Even more as I get the
impression that it's driven by the fact that your employer is making
money with S/MIME certs.

    "TV is irrelevant 'cause there are half a billion MPEG capable
     Windows Media Players out there".

Whether a client is capable of anything doesn't rate the anything relevant.
Numbers of use do rate relevance and I get about a factor of 100 more
PGP/GPG signed mails than S/MIME.

	\Maex

-- 
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someone on list-managers just posted a note that has me a bit freaked.

she got spam addressed from a user of her mail list. That user seems to 
have gotten "something" that caused her machine to send a spam message 
to everyone in her address book.

which sounds suspiciously like a spammer who's gotten into the 
macro-virus game to propogate spam mail.

anyone else seen this before? Is this a new toy we have to worry about?

(and I'll say upfront that complaining about what microsoft HAS done 
isn't productive, if this is going to happen, how are we going to 
contain it?)

I hadn't thought about it before now, but this seems like a great way 
to propogate a spam message, because it works through whitelists and 
around subscription blocks on lists nicely, and doesn't require open 
relays or open proxies.

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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Eric D. Williams [mailto:eric@infobro.com]
> Sent: Monday, March 31, 2003 3:09 PM
> To: 'Hallam-Baker, Phillip'; 'Jason Hihn'; Jim Youll; David F. Skoll;
> asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
...
>
> All: A question is the discussion of end-user MUA technology uses
> of encryption
> something people want to address as a 'spam' control solution?
> This is just a
> question.

I certainly hope not. End to end encryption will destroy server-side content
filtering, unless it holds private keys in escrow.  If it does, it's not
that bad, though there are several advantages drawbacks:
1d) Bandwith of public key retrieval. I'm assuming you have to ask my email
server for by pub key before sending me a message.
1a) slows you down, increases your bandwidth needs. Requires you to work in
lock-step with other email servers that may be sharing information and
conspiring against you (RTBL, see 3a)

2a) eliminates one-message-to-all, takes more CPU
2d) hurts mailing lists, takes more CPU

3d) you're a spammer and you will know I exist
3a) Before sending a pub key, check B&w lists

Of course, these keys could be implemented completely transparently to the
user.

But I think we are better off NOT using it, just for the fact that I don't
want anyone to be able to determine that my email address is valid before
sending.

Not to mention that this stuff could not be implemented in a global scale.
France is very much against any kind of encryption. Whatever methods we
choose must be globally applicable, and that fact is enough to eliminate
this as a standard.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Is this a new spam form? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 31 Mar 2003 12:30:00 PST."
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Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com> wrote:
> she got spam addressed from a user of her mail list. That user seems to 
> have gotten "something" that caused her machine to send a spam message 
> to everyone in her address book.

  Which indicates a useful definition for spam:

  "spam is email which the user of the MUA did not intend to send"

> I hadn't thought about it before now, but this seems like a great way 
> to propogate a spam message, because it works through whitelists and 
> around subscription blocks on lists nicely, and doesn't require open 
> relays or open proxies.

  I agree.  There are many, many machines out there which are
"owned".  Many are being used to send spam *without* a MUA.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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On Monday, March 31, 2003, at 12:29  PM, Markus Stumpf wrote:

> On Mon, Mar 31, 2003 at 11:41:50AM -0800, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
>> PGP is irrelevant, every major email client with the exception of
>> Eudora has supported S/MIME for 5 years now. There are half a billion
>> S/MIME clients out there.
>
> Could we please stop that marketing bullshit?

I think the correct phrasing here would be "there are half a billion 
clients capable of using s/mime, if only someone would write software 
that wasn't a pain in the neck to use for geeks, impossible to use by 
anyone else, and could convince people that it actually was worth the 
time and energy to use, and if we had an infrastructure capable of 
handling and passing around half a billion public keys reliably, which 
we don't"


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On Monday, March 31, 2003, at 12:51  PM, Alan DeKok wrote:

>   I agree.  There are many, many machines out there which are
> "owned".  Many are being used to send spam *without* a MUA.
>
except in this case, the machine isn't "owned", but "borrowed for a 
minute". And you only need one "owned" machine or open relay to start a 
chain reaction of redistributions, all of which look like legitimate 
e-mails from someone you know, because it is. Except it's just that 
person's machine, not the person itself.

My guess is this isn't a case of a machine being taken over by a virus 
as a zombie, but an e-mail coming in that's triggering itself to be 
resent out to the members in the address book. No need for any resident 
code.

got an advil?


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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Is this a new spam form?
In-reply-to: <E1906FN-00013K-00@mail.nitros9.org>
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I have seen this too.

I don't know if this is the same thing, but my users were tricked into
installing something that did this. In the click though EULA, (which no one
ever reads) it said exactly what it was going to do too! And they still call
it a 'virus' around here...!

In this case, a an unsolicited message was sent with an attached program (in
zip form) it only took 1 fool to install it. Once in, it was sent to people
in the address book. Then it was coming from a 'credible' person, nullifying
the first rule of email: "Don't open email from those you don't know"

I think in the future, this propagate via white-lists is going to be the way
to go for spammers. User education is the only solution here.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Alan
> DeKok
> Sent: Monday, March 31, 2003 3:51 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Is this a new spam form?
>
>
> Chuq Von Rospach <chuqui@plaidworks.com> wrote:
> > she got spam addressed from a user of her mail list. That user seems to
> > have gotten "something" that caused her machine to send a spam message
> > to everyone in her address book.
>
>   Which indicates a useful definition for spam:
>
>   "spam is email which the user of the MUA did not intend to send"
>
> > I hadn't thought about it before now, but this seems like a great way
> > to propogate a spam message, because it works through whitelists and
> > around subscription blocks on lists nicely, and doesn't require open
> > relays or open proxies.
>
>   I agree.  There are many, many machines out there which are
> "owned".  Many are being used to send spam *without* a MUA.
>
>   Alan DeKok.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>

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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@bellsouth.com>
To: "'Chuq Von Rospach'" <chuqui@plaidworks.com>,
        Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Cc: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>, Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>,
        asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 16:00:43 -0500

<SNIP>

> Companies are worse, they blow money patching
> and recovering from the infections that Outlook makes possible.

>companies are increasingly looking for alternatives, but when you have 
>an existing company-wide system with a large user population and you 
>can't just take the system down for a week to revamp things, moving to 
>a new environment takes a lot of time, energy and money. Especially 
>since e-mail is by all measures a corporate critical function almost 
>everywhere now. Sometimes, the work needed to make a switch simply 
>overwhelms an organization's ability to do it.

 -------- I whole-heartedly agree with this statement. If we go back to the
"wish-list"- the implementation needs to be incremental. There is no way
that I can shut off email even for an hour much less breaking everything (MS
calls this an upgrade) all at once and hope that everyone else does too.


 Regards<
Damon


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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> <SNIP>
> >companies are increasingly looking for alternatives, but when you have
> >an existing company-wide system with a large user population and you
> >can't just take the system down for a week to revamp things, moving to
> >a new environment takes a lot of time, energy and money. Especially
> >since e-mail is by all measures a corporate critical function almost
> >everywhere now. Sometimes, the work needed to make a switch simply
> >overwhelms an organization's ability to do it.
>
>  -------- I whole-heartedly agree with this statement. If we go
> back to the
> "wish-list"- the implementation needs to be incremental. There is no way
> that I can shut off email even for an hour much less breaking
> everything (MS
> calls this an upgrade) all at once and hope that everyone else does too.

FYI: I agree too. Though some alternatives are coming into being. The
protocol is not broken with Outlook, it's the client. Ximian's Connector
software for Evolution allegedly will allow you to switch out clients w/o
any real kind of downtime or feature loss. The downside (if you think it's
one) is that Evolution is Linux-only. (No that that's a bad thing, just that
the transitioning is a pain ;-)

OFF-TOPIC:
What I'd like to see is relational databases  used for email storage. That
way, I can connect up anywhere, with a variety of SQL-interoperable clients
(ie. Mozilla (from any platform), Outlook (gasp), Eudora -- all could have
ODBC). Eliminate vendor lock-in a la file formats, while providing access
from anywhere...



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption? 
In-Reply-To: Message from Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@space.net> 
   of "Mon, 31 Mar 2003 19:19:47 +0200." <20030331191947.A6122@Space.Net> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 13:18:13 -0800


Markus Stumpf said:
> On Mon, Mar 31, 2003 at 09:55:24AM -0700, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> > Many spammers encode their efforts as quoted-printable, base64,
> > or even both (never mind the MIME RFCs and MUA behavior).
> You mean like in
>     Perfo<!--|s=3zd=3FAizd[S0=|d,F08F3-->rmance
>     En<!--|s=3zd=3FAizd[S0=|d,F08F3-->hancer
>     Enla<!--|s=3zd=3FAizd[S0=|d,F08F3-->rgement
> > easier to evade than to operate.  Spammers are always slow and behind.
> > Why?
> If they are so far behind, why do/did messages of these type pass so much
> "ahead" content filters?

Hmm.  *Do* they?  I haven't heard of any filters, apart from the "A Plan
For Spam" style ones which do not even trivially decode HTML, that are
vulnerable to this.

SpamAssassin certainly isn't; in fact, it makes a great spam sign for us.
But about twice a week, someone posts to the SpamAssassin-talk list asking
if we're worried about this "new technique", which gets irritating after a
while.

BTW, in response to Vernon's original comment --  the reason at least one
spam tool uses QP/Base64 encoding on normal text, is to evade *AOL's*
content filters and bulk-mail detectors specifically.  By adding a random
"hashbuster" at the start of the mail, the base64 text changes radically
and requires a totally different fuzzy hash signature.  (I read the
tool's documentation ;)

--j.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 15:36:32 -0500

At 12:25 PM -0500 3/31/03, David F. Skoll wrote:
>You're assuming that most people have JavaScript-enabled mail readers.
>There are simpler ways to defeat filtering, checksums and such without
>depending on client-side software.

The percentage is high enough that spammers don't care about those 
that don't.  I've seen more than a few Javascript encoded email 
messages.  It seems to be most common for illegal scams (like 
attempts to get your credit card) where they want to keep a web site 
running for long enough to collect some cards.  The encryption 
presumably means that it takes longer before someone technical enough 
to deal with the message can find the actual web site.

I actually went so far at one point as to build a fake IE DOM in a PD 
Javascript interpreter so that I could automatically decrypt the 
messages.

At 1:02 PM -0500 3/31/03, David F. Skoll wrote:
>Here's a simple rule:
>
>	IF body contains "javascript THEN bounce.

Unfortunately there are a number of commercial companies out there 
selling "active email" products.  Basically these are services that 
let you, for instance, send out a party invitation where you don't 
have to go to the web site to respond.  The list of who has 
subscribed, and the forms to subscribe are all in your email, and 
change dynamically each time you read it.  Those products include 
javascript in the email.  The usual content-filter problem.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 15:45:13 -0500

At 7:27 AM -0500 3/31/03, Jim Youll wrote:
>OK, so he wants to be unsubscribed. Will someone take care of this?
>>Truly sorry about this - I had no idea that was how that list 
>>functioned i.e. that the incoming mails came from the members of 
>>the list, not the .eitf.org.
>>I hope the list administrator picks up on my requests.

Of course it's not his fault.  The folks who wrote MailKey are the 
ones who should have known better.

However it does do a very nice job of illustrating the issues with 
sender/domain authentication.

One possible way around it would be to add a new header detailing the 
authentication, and have the MUA display that.  But unfortunately 
some mail programs out there only display headers they understand. 
(Eudora has what I've always felt to be the right 
approach--explicitly spelling out what is to be hidden).

Does anyone have any thoughts on how to reliably show a user that a 
message has been authenticated, and from whom?  Do we have to rewrite 
the From: header?  Keep in mind that some mail programs don't show 
the address at all--just the comment.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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To: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
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so, in practice, you want to hand over mail servers from Microsoft to 
Oracle. Because large organizations use Oracle as their database 
predominantly.

And since e-mail is text, these are large databases. Start thinking of 
systems with 10,000 active users and 35,000 accounts, a mail quota of 
100 megabytes, 7,000 open connections at any time, and you'll start 
giving MySQL serious hiccups. and given MySQL has some blob/text 
limitations at 16 megs, you have a different problem with really large 
emails (no, I don't think sending stuff that large is a good idea....)

that's a lot of disk....




On Monday, March 31, 2003, at 01:10  PM, Jason Hihn wrote:

> OFF-TOPIC:
> What I'd like to see is relational databases  used for email storage.

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From: Jason Hihn <jhihn@paytimepayroll.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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Bah, MySQL isn't a database yet (even 4.x), all around MySQL isn't good
enough for a production mail system. But that flame war and discussion is
for another mailing list...

Their email storage is their choice. It could be flat files for all I care
as long as any client can read it. I just like SQL because it's relatively
compatible between vendors... Therefore swapping out Outlook would be a
"piece of cake."

FYI: Interestingly though Postgres has this note on text types:
"The storage requirement for data of these [text] types is 4 bytes plus the
actual string, and in case of character plus the padding. Long strings are
compressed by the system automatically, so the physical requirement on disk
may be less. Long values are also stored in background tables so they don't
interfere with rapid access to the shorter column values. In any case, the
longest possible character string that can be stored is about 1 GB."

And now back to our regularly scheduled on-topic topic....

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Chuq Von Rospach [mailto:chuqui@plaidworks.com]
> Sent: Monday, March 31, 2003 4:21 PM
> To: Jason Hihn
> Cc: Sauer, Damon; David F. Skoll; Jim Youll; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
>
>
> so, in practice, you want to hand over mail servers from Microsoft to
> Oracle. Because large organizations use Oracle as their database
> predominantly.
>
> And since e-mail is text, these are large databases. Start thinking of
> systems with 10,000 active users and 35,000 accounts, a mail quota of
> 100 megabytes, 7,000 open connections at any time, and you'll start
> giving MySQL serious hiccups. and given MySQL has some blob/text
> limitations at 16 megs, you have a different problem with really large
> emails (no, I don't think sending stuff that large is a good idea....)
>
> that's a lot of disk....
>
>
>
>
> On Monday, March 31, 2003, at 01:10  PM, Jason Hihn wrote:
>
> > OFF-TOPIC:
> > What I'd like to see is relational databases  used for email storage.
>

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On Monday, March 31, 2003, at 01:30  PM, Jason Hihn wrote:

> Their email storage is their choice. It could be flat files for all I 
> care
> as long as any client can read it.

what you are looking for is called "imap" (heh)

> Therefore swapping out Outlook would be a
> "piece of cake."

you've never had to migrate 5,000 users off of their favorite mail 
client before, have you?

which is actually a legitimate issue to be dealt with on this list...

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Eric, 

i agree with your points, and yes I think some form of BCP,
possibly an architectural guide might be appropriate.

Actually in this case though I do not have the words on 
paper and although I am persuing other initiatives in
other forums this is the type of initiative where I 
would come to the IETF, in the first instance at least.


		Phill

> Although I think this already exists in one form or another 
> [RFC2635 - "DON'T 
> SPEW..."].  Has anyone considered drafting a preliminary or 
> running list of MTA 
> configuration best current practices for reducing 'spam'?  
> Phill, from your 
> posting I perceive that may be something that you could begin 
> to work on (with 
> others or not). Certainly any work product could be improved, 
> evaluated and 
> substantiated by the group.
> 
> All: A question is the discussion of end-user MUA technology 
> uses of encryption 
> something people want to address as a 'spam' control 
> solution?  This is just a 
> question.
>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 16:43:14 -0500
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Chuq Von Rospach [mailto:chuqui@plaidworks.com]
> Sent: Monday, March 31, 2003 4:33 PM
> To: Jason Hihn
> Cc: ASRG
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
>
>
>
> On Monday, March 31, 2003, at 01:30  PM, Jason Hihn wrote:
>
> > Their email storage is their choice. It could be flat files for all I
> > care
> > as long as any client can read it.
>
> what you are looking for is called "imap" (heh)

I don't think so. After I pull it down off my mail server, I still want
global access. I don't want to leave my mail on the server. I know that's
what imap does. Are you suggesting that I run an imap server on my local
machine too?

> > Therefore swapping out Outlook would be a
> > "piece of cake."
>
> you've never had to migrate 5,000 users off of their favorite mail
> client before, have you?

Actually yes. Not quite that many though. No one has a 'favorite', they just
don't like change. That's my finding anyway. That's why some people still
use pine. ;-)

> which is actually a legitimate issue to be dealt with on this list...

Nah, I believe SPAM should be dealt with in a client-transparent way.
(Infrastructure changes, not client ones, unless your client is a source of
spam, which is the case for Outlook)


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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On Monday, March 31, 2003, at 01:43  PM, Jason Hihn wrote:

>> what you are looking for is called "imap" (heh)
>
> I don't think so. After I pull it down off my mail server, I still want
> global access. I don't want to leave my mail on the server. I know 
> that's
> what imap does. Are you suggesting that I run an imap server on my 
> local
> machine too?

if you're seriously interested in "getting it exactly the way I want 
it", probably. Because then you're in control of it.

> Actually yes. Not quite that many though. No one has a 'favorite', 
> they just
> don't like change. That's my finding anyway. That's why some people 
> still
> use pine. ;-)

heh. point taken, although it's really both...

>
>> which is actually a legitimate issue to be dealt with on this list...
>
> Nah, I believe SPAM should be dealt with in a client-transparent way.
> (Infrastructure changes, not client ones, unless your client is a 
> source of
> spam, which is the case for Outlook)
>
>
I think there are uses for (and we're going to need) both.


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Date: Tue, 1 Apr 2003 00:10:10 +0200

On Mon, Mar 31, 2003 at 12:53:21PM -0800, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
> clients capable of using s/mime, if only someone would write software 
> that wasn't a pain in the neck to use for geeks, impossible to use by 

What do you expect. They don't even manage to have the clients add References:
or In-Reply-To: headers. Wouldn't it be nice if threading weren't always
broken each time one of those 1/2 billion clients takes part in the
discussion?
But this seems to be rocket science ...
And they want us to believe they get S/MIME right ...

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] define spam
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 15:25:37 -0800

On Mon, Mar 31, 2003 at 12:15:05PM -0800, Dave Crocker wrote:
> Brad,
> 
> BT> Alas, now we see how hard it is to get consensus on this.
> >> BT>                     Sent as part of a mass mailing, which is to say some
> >> BT>                         person commanded that mail be sent to more than
> >> BT>                         a few hundred people
> >> 
> >> if 10,000 separate senders each mail to targeted lists of 50 people,
> >> soliciting money, is that not spam?
> 
> BT> If the 10,000 people are, as you say, separate, and not caused to do so by one
> BT> entity, then no, it would not be under this definition.
> 
> I was trying to highlight a problem with the definition.
> 
> The person that receives each of those 10,000 messages is going to be
> pretty clear that they have received spam.

I'm of asrg for a busy week, but I'm not clear on your question here.  What
is the problem with the term?   Is it that you think it does not cover large
volumes of mail which you think are spam?  Or that you think it labels
legitimate mail as spam?

> 1.  Spam is two different problems.  One is traffic for ISPs and the
> other is traffic for recipients.  Neither really cares how many places
> that traffic comes from.  Hence, making the definition rely on single,
> major offenders carries a serious risk, if there are many, small
> offenders.

Does anybody have information that they get significant spams from mailings
that were limited to small numbers of people, like say 50?   I mean even
if a million individuals sent out 50 mails, that's still fewer than one mail
per mailbox in the world.  Are there a million people who want to do these
small mailings?

Remember, two people working for the same entity who each do a mailing of
50 is not 2 mailings of 50, it is a mailing of 100.   What matters is who
gives the order, not how it is implemented, at least in terms of
legal definitions.

> I do not know whether they are yet a major source of the problem. As
> soon as we make mechanisms that successfully limit single-source
> volumes, we will get this alternative traffic. Spammers have proved to
> be very, very adaptable.

So you agree it is a hypothetical problem, then?  I would prefer not to
solve the hypotheticals, but be adaptable to be able to deal with them if
they arise.  If we can make a compelling case that it's "when" rather than "if"
then it's not a hypothetical any more.

I will admit I see one risk here, namely affiliate marketing and MLM.  I
would want to tune the definition to say that if one major player 
encourages 1,000 affiliates to each mail 100 people, then this is a mailing
of 100,000.   I won't pretend this isn't thorny - it's thorny in most of
the definitional questions.    Getting MLM sub-pyramiders to mail their friends
is not as much of a problem, it is how MLM works, and you run the risk of
pissing off your friends.   It's only when you mail people who don't know you that
you face no consequences for pissing them off.

> 
> 
> BT> Sure.  Again, how much of your "spam" is coming from parties who are not
> BT> strangers to you?
> 
> I am not a good person to ask, since my tolerance level for unsolicited
> solicitations is close to zero.
> 
> My impression is that it is a common problem on the net.

I get over 200 spam/day and I scan the headers of all of them and in general
it is very rare to get one form somebody I know, and extremely rare in those
cases that it isn't either a mistake and correctable with an opt-out.  I only
know so many people, so the opt-out system is workable in that case as there
are only so many I need to do in my life.
> 
> BT>   And in this case, how many problems have you had with
> BT> getting removed from their lists?
> 
> Given that responding to a rogue spammer is a good way to validate that
> your address is valid and that you are a responsive Internet email user,
> the problem is knowing when it is "safe" to ask to be removed.

No, I meant not the spam from rogue spammers, the spam from people you know.
In those cases I have found I can always quickly get off the lists, and the
remove mechanism works and is generally risk-free.   For unknown spammers, I
would not attempt to reply.
> 
> 
> 
> BT> Actually, under this definition, everybody _you_ talk to gets one "free shot."
> 
> So, in Internet scale operation, that is up to 100 million extra pieces
> of email.  Or rather more, since "corporations" are independent of
> individuals.  And people form new corporations all the time.

Can you clarify?   You are suggesting that because a corporation knows lots and
lots of people, this opens it up to spam from them?

To my mind most people only know perhaps a few thousand people and a few
thousand corporations.  Of those, only a small number are likley spammers.
The number of opt-outs you would need to do in your life might be numbered
in the few score at most.
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 16:57:53 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> ...
> And in this particular instance 'by definition' means precisely that, it is
> not used for emphasis. The definition of spam may be nebulous but false
> positive is not.

It's unfortunate that is mistaken.  "False positive" is not as frequently
abused as "spam," but it is often applied by bulk mail senders to any
filtering of their messages.

As others have pointed out, there is a genuine technical ambiguity in
"false positive."  Is it RD/TOTAL or RD/SPAM?  (for RD=rejected but
desired by recipient, TOTAL=total mail of all sorts whether rejected
or not, and SPAM=whatever that means).  This distinction may not matter
if RD is nearly 0 or if TOTAL and SPAM are about the same, but in
those cases, you're unlikely to want to compute RD closer than order
of magnitude.

If you pick RD/SPAM as your definition, then it is as foggy as "spam."


We need clear and concise definitions for

  - various sorts of mail that various people call "spam"

  - opt-out

  - unconfirmed opt-in

  - super-duper-ultra-double-nasty-impossible-to-do-confirmed-opt-in
     or whatever the bulk mail senders are currently calling the
     only sane way to do opt-in

  - consent

  - false positive

  - false negative

  - filter

  - DNS blacklist/blocklist

  - to forge (as in header or envelope "forgery" with the dictionary
     definition of "forgery")

  - mismatach between envelope or header From: and reverse DNS name
     of SMTP client (what many people mistakenly call "forgery")


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200304010011.h310Bvcc023804@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 17:11:57 -0700 (MST)

> From: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>

> > Many spammers encode their efforts as quoted-printable, base64,
> > or even both (never mind the MIME RFCs and MUA behavior).
>
> You mean like in
>     Perfo<!--|s=3zd=3FAizd[S0=|d,F08F3-->rmance
>     En<!--|s=3zd=3FAizd[S0=|d,F08F3-->hancer
>     Enla<!--|s=3zd=3FAizd[S0=|d,F08F3-->rgement
> > easier to evade than to operate.  Spammers are always slow and behind.
> > Why?

No, I call that the <!--HTML-comment--> hack.  A varient is the use
of random strings between <> brackets.  Browsers generally ignore that
they don't understand

Base64 and quoted-printable are older and far more common tactics.


> If they are so far behind, why do/did messages of these type pass so much
> "ahead" content filters?

They have to win occassionally for a little while.  

> > However,
> > the stuff must still be deccode or decrypted at zillions of targets
> > or spamming is wasted effort.  If it can be decoded to show to a human,
> > then it can first be decoded for a filter.
>
> Do you suggest I should write down the passphrase to my private key in
> some file so that the filter can decode incoming encrypted emails?

That would be a problem, but only in the impossible but desirable
eventuality that encrypted mail became common.


  ...


] From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)

] > If they are so far behind, why do/did messages of these type pass so much
] > "ahead" content filters?
]
] Hmm.  *Do* they?  I haven't heard of any filters, apart from the "A Plan
] For Spam" style ones which do not even trivially decode HTML, that are
] vulnerable to this.

at least not after the first month or two the use of <!--HTML-comments-->


] ...
] BTW, in response to Vernon's original comment --  the reason at least one
] spam tool uses QP/Base64 encoding on normal text, is to evade *AOL's*
] content filters and bulk-mail detectors specifically.  By adding a random
] "hashbuster" at the start of the mail, the base64 text changes radically
] and requires a totally different fuzzy hash signature.  (I read the
] tool's documentation ;)

That implies that AOL's content filter could be improved.  You must
decode QP and Base64 before computing hashes, because there are MTAs
that add and remove at least QP and I think sometimes Base64 encoding.
If you don't always decode, you can't get consistent signatures.

Another case of that problem is that if your filter system works in
both the MTA and the MUA, then you must decode QP and B64 whenever you
see it and especially in the MTA, because when you see it in the MUA,
it will be decoded.

I think this applies to virus scanners as well.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 17:29:30 -0700 (MST)

> From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>

> ...
> All: A question is the discussion of end-user MUA technology uses of encryption 
> something people want to address as a 'spam' control solution? 

It's a complete non-starter and waste of time, because it suffers
the threshold problem in the worst way.  Early adopters get no
benefit and many hassles.  Despite decades of work, the mechanisms
to distribute keys are practically useless.  The user interfaces
are coming along, but they're still poor and sometimes just don't work.

You can sometimes justify the practical hassles of encryption for
keeping your communications private, but that avoids the threshold
problem.  Many of us have used at least PGP for professional reasons,
but that's a whole other world.

Encryption, whether signing by senders or decrypting by receivers, is
useless against spam until almost all of your correspondents use it.
If you receive mail from a representative sample of strangers on the
Internet, that implies that encryption will be useless to help your
spam problem until almost everyone on the Internet uses it.

Whitelists are snake oil in this context.  If you can whitelist everyone
who sends mail to you because they won't be using encryption at first,
then you can just whitelist them and forget about the encryption.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 17:20:04 -0800

> That implies that AOL's content filter could be improved.  You must
> decode QP and Base64 before computing hashes, because there are MTAs
> that add and remove at least QP and I think sometimes Base64 encoding.
> If you don't always decode, you can't get consistent signatures.

In $#(*#$'s name why?

The more stupidity they put into the mail servers the less well the
system works. 

Base64 exists for one reason alone - because stupid MTAs had a 
habit of molesting the messages they were transmitting. In most
cases for very shortsighted reasons, like wrapping the text at
80 chars so it didn't overflow the screen the vt100 terminals
we all use today.

> Another case of that problem is that if your filter system works in
> both the MTA and the MUA, then you must decode QP and B64 whenever you
> see it and especially in the MTA, because when you see it in the MUA,
> it will be decoded.

Quite so, it should not be a biggie for a textual filter to have
something preprocess the messages to extract the text. It might
also make sense to use filtering to detect F-R-E-E and analogues,
there is actually quite a small set of these and if present they
are an almost foolproof spamdicator.

The one thing I would caution against however is ONLY doing the
text based analysis. Just as F-R-E-E is a spamdicator a word
with an embedded comment is as well. So don't loose that info
in the architecture.

It should not be necessary to parse the HTML, just strip it 
out with an FSR, it only takes about ten states. But instead 
of passing just words to the text filter pass tagged words:

 "Need free, F-R-E-E Vi<!--stupidstupidstuff-->agra"

Becomes (with possible scoring in square braces)

 <Normal>         need         [score 0]
 <Normal>         free         [score 5]
 <DashDisguise>   free         [score 20]
 <SplitComment>   viagra       [score 50]

The attempted disguise increases the probability it is spam.

javascript and such should be stripped out, converted into 
canonical form and compared with a fingerprint database of
known spamdicators. Even if you don't execute it or allow
it through your mail system you should check it for
spamdicators.

Equally, it was very frustrating that at the MIT conference on
solving spam with Bayesian filtering, analysis of the headers
was virtually ignored.


		Phill
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 17:33:27 -0800

> > From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
> 
> > ...
> > All: A question is the discussion of end-user MUA 
> technology uses of encryption 
> > something people want to address as a 'spam' control solution? 
> 
> It's a complete non-starter and waste of time, because it suffers
> the threshold problem in the worst way.  Early adopters get no
> benefit and many hassles.  Despite decades of work, the mechanisms
> to distribute keys are practically useless.  The user interfaces
> are coming along, but they're still poor and sometimes just 
> don't work.

The mechanisms designed to distribute keys are fine. The problem
is the attempts to use X.500 and LDAP for this purpose which are
longstanding abject failures.

The problem with encryption is that encrypting a message says 
NOTHING about its authenticity. I can send you an encrypted
message that purports to be from anyone I choose. To get any
statement about authenticity you need a signature.


> You can sometimes justify the practical hassles of encryption for
> keeping your communications private, but that avoids the threshold
> problem.  Many of us have used at least PGP for professional reasons,
> but that's a whole other world.

Don't project your experiences of PGP onto PKI. PGP has a very 
specific design which is fine for its intended purpose but that
is not to provide a PKI.


> Encryption, whether signing by senders or decrypting by receivers, is
> useless against spam until almost all of your correspondents use it.

It is useless against spam at any time.

Authentication is useful as a means of bypassing spam filters and
avoiding false positives even if relatively few people use it.


		Phill
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Cc: "'Vernon Schryver'" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption? 
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   of "Mon, 31 Mar 2003 17:20:04 PST." <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A301AE2218@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 17:49:27 -0800


Hallam-Baker, Phillip said:

> Equally, it was very frustrating that at the MIT conference on
> solving spam with Bayesian filtering, analysis of the headers
> was virtually ignored.

Hey, what do you expect -- it was a case of "everything looks like
a nail" ;)

Seriously though, Matt Sergeant talked there about SpamAssassin -- header
analysis is our bread and butter.

--j.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption? 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> 
   of "Mon, 31 Mar 2003 11:41:50 PST." <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A301AE2212@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> 
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 17:57:24 -0800

On Mon, 31 Mar 2003 11:41:50 -0800 
Phillip Hallam-Baker <Hallam-Baker> wrote:

> The problem is that few clients are currently configured to use
> encryption. This is going to change in future, in part because of spam
> and in part because its the right thing to do.

That day when AOL and Hotmail support authoring crypted mail from a
default install will be a very strange day.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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Date: 31 Mar 2003 20:05:50 -0600

In <200303311633.h2VGXiLt019739@calcite.rhyolite.com> Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> writes:

> > From: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>
> 
> > attention.  DNSBLs in particular publish their information, so you can
> > check that you are indeed listed, while you can't test content
> > filters.
> 
> Not so.  Body filters can also announce or keep quiet about their
> effects with bounces or SMTP status codes like any DNS blacklists.

Ah.  What I meant is that I can check to see if someone is in the
SPEWS DNSBL, but I can't see if a given email will be rejected as spam
by a given content filter.  This lets people scream "SPEWS IS BLOCKING
MY NEWSLETTER!!11!" and everyone can see that, indeed, the given IP
address is listed in SPEWS.  However, I have no way of knowing if
brightmail will filter the same "newsletter" as spam.


DNSBLs are much more transparent about what they are doing and I think
transparent enforcement of rules is A Good Thing.  An erronious
listing in SPEWS can be noticed and corrected, but an erronious
brightmail rule will be very hard to detect.



-wayne

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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Is there a list documenting current 'spamming' techniques from a technological 
perspective?  That may be a good evaluation pointer for 'testing' solutions 
e.g. certification in the future.  In any event, just a thought.  It might also 
be instructive or stimulate the minds of the participants for methodologies to 
detect the common and not-so-common methods.

-e

On Monday, March 31, 2003 7:12 PM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
> > From: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
>
> > > Many spammers encode their efforts as quoted-printable, base64,
> > > or even both (never mind the MIME RFCs and MUA behavior).
> >
> > You mean like in
> >     Perfo<!--|s=3zd=3FAizd[S0=|d,F08F3-->rmance
> >     En<!--|s=3zd=3FAizd[S0=|d,F08F3-->hancer
> >     Enla<!--|s=3zd=3FAizd[S0=|d,F08F3-->rgement
> > > easier to evade than to operate.  Spammers are always slow and behind.
> > > Why?
>
> No, I call that the <!--HTML-comment--> hack.  A varient is the use
> of random strings between <> brackets.  Browsers generally ignore that
> they don't understand
>
> Base64 and quoted-printable are older and far more common tactics.
>
>
> > If they are so far behind, why do/did messages of these type pass so much
> > "ahead" content filters?
>
> They have to win occassionally for a little while.
>
> > > However,
> > > the stuff must still be deccode or decrypted at zillions of targets
> > > or spamming is wasted effort.  If it can be decoded to show to a human,
> > > then it can first be decoded for a filter.
> >
> > Do you suggest I should write down the passphrase to my private key in
> > some file so that the filter can decode incoming encrypted emails?
>
> That would be a problem, but only in the impossible but desirable
> eventuality that encrypted mail became common.
>
>
>   ...
>
>
> ] From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
>
> ] > If they are so far behind, why do/did messages of these type pass so much
> ] > "ahead" content filters?
> ]
> ] Hmm.  *Do* they?  I haven't heard of any filters, apart from the "A Plan
> ] For Spam" style ones which do not even trivially decode HTML, that are
> ] vulnerable to this.
>
> at least not after the first month or two the use of <!--HTML-comments-->
>
>
> ] ...
> ] BTW, in response to Vernon's original comment --  the reason at least one
> ] spam tool uses QP/Base64 encoding on normal text, is to evade *AOL's*
> ] content filters and bulk-mail detectors specifically.  By adding a random
> ] "hashbuster" at the start of the mail, the base64 text changes radically
> ] and requires a totally different fuzzy hash signature.  (I read the
> ] tool's documentation ;)
>
> That implies that AOL's content filter could be improved.  You must
> decode QP and Base64 before computing hashes, because there are MTAs
> that add and remove at least QP and I think sometimes Base64 encoding.
> If you don't always decode, you can't get consistent signatures.
>
> Another case of that problem is that if your filter system works in
> both the MTA and the MUA, then you must decode QP and B64 whenever you
> see it and especially in the MTA, because when you see it in the MUA,
> it will be decoded.
>
> I think this applies to virus scanners as well.
>
>
> Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Date: 31 Mar 2003 20:24:30 -0600

In <200303312357.h2VNvrpd020394@calcite.rhyolite.com> Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> writes:

> > From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
> 
> > ...
> > And in this particular instance 'by definition' means precisely that, it is
> > not used for emphasis. The definition of spam may be nebulous but false
> > positive is not.
> 
> It's unfortunate that is mistaken.  "False positive" is not as frequently
> abused as "spam," but it is often applied by bulk mail senders to any
> filtering of their messages.

Yes, there is some wiggle room about what exactly is a "false
positive", but I think it is somewhat of a red-herring to bring up
spammer's definitions.  Rule #1: Spammers lie.



> As others have pointed out, there is a genuine technical ambiguity in
> "false positive."  Is it RD/TOTAL or RD/SPAM?

For an example of "wiggle room", I have never consider a false
positive to be some sort of ratio.  It is a property of a piece of
email, just like a bounce or an email with 10 recipients are properties.

What you are asking about is what I would call the "false positive
rate". 



> We need clear and concise definitions for [list deleted]

Agreed.  


-wayne

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Fwd: Returned mail: see transcript for details 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 31 Mar 2003 16:57:53 MST."
             <200303312357.h2VNvrpd020394@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 21:37:41 -0500

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> As others have pointed out, there is a genuine technical ambiguity in
> "false positive."  Is it RD/TOTAL or RD/SPAM?  (for RD=rejected but
> desired by recipient, TOTAL=total mail of all sorts whether rejected
> or not, and SPAM=whatever that means).

  As an absolute number, false positive should be easy to define.  "I
went through my 'spam' folder, and I decided that 3 messages should
not have been put there."

  As a ratio or percentage, false positives are taken relative to the
desired signal, not to the total data, or to the noise.  So we have:

  MAIL   = number of emails you want to be marked as ok (not spam)
  JUNK   = number of emails you want to be marked as spam

  MARKED = number of emails actually marked as ok
  SPAM   = number of emails actually marked as spam

  FP     = false positives (number of "MAIL" in "SPAM", which should
           have been in "MARKED")
  FN     = false negatives (number of "MAIL" in "MARKED", which should
           have been in "SPAM")

  The ratio of false positives = FP / MAIL
  The ratio o false negatives  = FN / MAIL

  MARKED = MAIL - FP + FN
  SPAM   = JUNK + FP - FN

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Fwd: Returned mail: see transcript for details
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On Monday, March 31, 2003, at 06:24  PM, wayne wrote:

>  but I think it is somewhat of a red-herring to bring up
> spammer's definitions.  Rule #1: Spammers lie.
>
but on the other hand, this lets people control discussions towards 
their own personal agendas by allowing them to define who the spammers 
are. If you don't like what someone is saying, call them a spammer, and 
since spammers lie, you can ignore what they're saying.

Convenient, but it leads to self-fulfilling discussions, not 
necessarily useful ones.


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To: "'Vernon Schryver'" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>,
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] How to defeat spam that uses encryption?
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Thanks all;

I too agree that encryption should not be considered a primary solution for 
spam as it constitutes a prohibitive threshold before any significant results 
could be realized.  Thanks for all of the input. (Remember I am working on 
'Requirements' -- I am attempting to cull the chatter [which has significantly 
reduced ;-], right now, for 'non-starter' solutions).  I know you probably have 
gone through many of these before and if there is a list I would appreciate a 
pointer.

-e

On Monday, March 31, 2003 7:30 PM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
> > From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
>
> > ...
> > All: A question is the discussion of end-user MUA technology uses of
> > encryption
> > something people want to address as a 'spam' control solution?
>
> It's a complete non-starter and waste of time, because it suffers
> the threshold problem in the worst way.  Early adopters get no
> benefit and many hassles.  Despite decades of work, the mechanisms
> to distribute keys are practically useless.  The user interfaces
> are coming along, but they're still poor and sometimes just don't work.
>
> You can sometimes justify the practical hassles of encryption for
> keeping your communications private, but that avoids the threshold
> problem.  Many of us have used at least PGP for professional reasons,
> but that's a whole other world.
>
> Encryption, whether signing by senders or decrypting by receivers, is
> useless against spam until almost all of your correspondents use it.
> If you receive mail from a representative sample of strangers on the
> Internet, that implies that encryption will be useless to help your
> spam problem until almost everyone on the Internet uses it.
>
> Whitelists are snake oil in this context.  If you can whitelist everyone
> who sends mail to you because they won't be using encryption at first,
> then you can just whitelist them and forget about the encryption.
>
>
> Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Vernon Schryver'" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Vernon (or anyone who's interested);

Are you volunteering to develop the first-cut of a terminology draft?  I think 
this type of run at a set of defining terms has been mentioned (at least by me 
;) a couple of times.  Dropping the 'spam' one which I think is currently under 
development still leaves plenty of fodder to pick through.  Brad introduced a 
list of terms as well in an earlier message.

There is also the issue of types of 'spammer' tactics/methods.  It appears we 
have a wealth of experience with different types but no basis reference that we 
can share, that would also appear to be a worthwhile endeavor.

On Friday, March 28, 2003 4:25 PM, Brad Templeton [SMTP:brad@templetons.com] 
wrote:
There are many components in the various definitions of spam out there, and
proposals can be created to deal with these sub-components, and thus become
tools for people to build tools to attack their vision of what spam is. 
 Amongst
those sub components are:
		Bulk(volume) vs. Person to Person
		Subscribed (Explicitly, directly solicited) vs. Unsubscribed
		Reply vs. Origination
		Existing Relationship vs. Stranger
These are all components of spam definitions which we can work with without
laying down a spam definition.   Some other components much harder to define 
are:
		Parameters of implicit solicitation
		Degrees of existing relationship

On Monday, March 31, 2003 6:58 PM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
> We need clear and concise definitions for
>
8<...>8
>
>   - opt-out
>
>   - unconfirmed opt-in
>
>   - super-duper-ultra-double-nasty-impossible-to-do-confirmed-opt-in
>      or whatever the bulk mail senders are currently calling the
>      only sane way to do opt-in
>
>   - consent
>
>   - false positive
>
>   - false negative
>
>   - filter
>
>   - DNS blacklist/blocklist
>
>   - to forge (as in header or envelope "forgery" with the dictionary
>      definition of "forgery")
>
>   - mismatach between envelope or header From: and reverse DNS name
>      of SMTP client (what many people mistakenly call "forgery")
>

-e

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I found that reading the spam assassin code - specifically the rule sets
provided a lot of insight into spam techniques.  It might be a bit
granular, and doesn't necessarily show how a spam sender might combine
the elements.  Still, as an example, there are tests for excessive
Quoted Printable encoding, or tests for various header errors, test for
obfuscated body content, etc. that tells a lot about old and new spam
techniques.


"Eric D. Williams" wrote:
> 
> Is there a list documenting current 'spamming' techniques from a technological
> perspective?  That may be a good evaluation pointer for 'testing' solutions
> e.g. certification in the future.  In any event, just a thought.  It might also
> be instructive or stimulate the minds of the participants for methodologies to
> detect the common and not-so-common methods.
> 
> -e
> 
> On Monday, March 31, 2003 7:12 PM, Vernon Schryver
> [SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
> > > From: Markus Stumpf <maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net>
> >
> > > > Many spammers encode their efforts as quoted-printable, base64,
> > > > or even both (never mind the MIME RFCs and MUA behavior).
> > >
> > > You mean like in
> > >     Perfo<!--|s=3zd=3FAizd[S0=|d,F08F3-->rmance
> > >     En<!--|s=3zd=3FAizd[S0=|d,F08F3-->hancer
> > >     Enla<!--|s=3zd=3FAizd[S0=|d,F08F3-->rgement
> > > > easier to evade than to operate.  Spammers are always slow and behind.
> > > > Why?
> >
> > No, I call that the <!--HTML-comment--> hack.  A varient is the use
> > of random strings between <> brackets.  Browsers generally ignore that
> > they don't understand
> >
> > Base64 and quoted-printable are older and far more common tactics.
> >
> >
> > > If they are so far behind, why do/did messages of these type pass so much
> > > "ahead" content filters?
> >
> > They have to win occassionally for a little while.
> >
> > > > However,
> > > > the stuff must still be deccode or decrypted at zillions of targets
> > > > or spamming is wasted effort.  If it can be decoded to show to a human,
> > > > then it can first be decoded for a filter.
> > >
> > > Do you suggest I should write down the passphrase to my private key in
> > > some file so that the filter can decode incoming encrypted emails?
> >
> > That would be a problem, but only in the impossible but desirable
> > eventuality that encrypted mail became common.
> >
> >
> >   ...
> >
> >
> > ] From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
> >
> > ] > If they are so far behind, why do/did messages of these type pass so much
> > ] > "ahead" content filters?
> > ]
> > ] Hmm.  *Do* they?  I haven't heard of any filters, apart from the "A Plan
> > ] For Spam" style ones which do not even trivially decode HTML, that are
> > ] vulnerable to this.
> >
> > at least not after the first month or two the use of <!--HTML-comments-->
> >
> >
> > ] ...
> > ] BTW, in response to Vernon's original comment --  the reason at least one
> > ] spam tool uses QP/Base64 encoding on normal text, is to evade *AOL's*
> > ] content filters and bulk-mail detectors specifically.  By adding a random
> > ] "hashbuster" at the start of the mail, the base64 text changes radically
> > ] and requires a totally different fuzzy hash signature.  (I read the
> > ] tool's documentation ;)
> >
> > That implies that AOL's content filter could be improved.  You must
> > decode QP and Base64 before computing hashes, because there are MTAs
> > that add and remove at least QP and I think sometimes Base64 encoding.
> > If you don't always decode, you can't get consistent signatures.
> >
> > Another case of that problem is that if your filter system works in
> > both the MTA and the MUA, then you must decode QP and B64 whenever you
> > see it and especially in the MTA, because when you see it in the MUA,
> > it will be decoded.
> >
> > I think this applies to virus scanners as well.
> >
> >
> > Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> _______________________________________________
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Alan DeKok'" <aland@freeradius.org>, "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: False Positive  -was- RE: [Asrg] Fwd: Returned mail: see transcript for details 
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I hope this message leads to some consensus.  I think, unless there is a more 
concise or particularly innovative way to look at it, it looks like a good 
definition for false positive to me (as well as false negative and the s:n) 
 Some one put a pointer to this message !-)

On Monday, March 31, 2003 9:38 PM, Alan DeKok [SMTP:aland@freeradius.org] 
wrote:
> Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> > As others have pointed out, there is a genuine technical ambiguity in
> > "false positive."  Is it RD/TOTAL or RD/SPAM?  (for RD=rejected but
> > desired by recipient, TOTAL=total mail of all sorts whether rejected
> > or not, and SPAM=whatever that means).
>
>   As an absolute number, false positive should be easy to define.  "I
> went through my 'spam' folder, and I decided that 3 messages should
> not have been put there."
>
>   As a ratio or percentage, false positives are taken relative to the
> desired signal, not to the total data, or to the noise.  So we have:
>
>   MAIL   = number of emails you want to be marked as ok (not spam)
>   JUNK   = number of emails you want to be marked as spam
>
>   MARKED = number of emails actually marked as ok
>   SPAM   = number of emails actually marked as spam
>
>   FP     = false positives (number of "MAIL" in "SPAM", which should
>            have been in "MARKED")
>   FN     = false negatives (number of "MAIL" in "MARKED", which should
>            have been in "SPAM")
>
>   The ratio of false positives = FP / MAIL
>   The ratio o false negatives  = FN / MAIL
>
>   MARKED = MAIL - FP + FN
>   SPAM   = JUNK + FP - FN
>
>   Alan DeKok.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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On Saturday, Mar 29, 2003, at 22:48 US/Eastern, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 7:27 PM -0500 3/29/03, mathew wrote:
>> So does conventional e-mail. With current e-mail systems, I fail to 
>> get the mail if my messaging server (at my ISP) is down. With e-mail 
>> pull, I fail to get the mail if the sender's messaging server (at his 
>> ISP) is down. In addition, I won't get mail from people I don't know 
>> that I need to poll unless my messaging server at my ISP is up. A 
>> small tradeoff in reliability, but one I think I'd take to cut spam.
>
> Currently you have a single point of failure that is close to you on 
> the network.  It's down infrequently, and when it is, you simply wait 
> and it comes up.

If we assume that most messaging servers are down infrequently, then I 
still don't see the problem. If one sender's messaging server is down, 
I don't get his mail until his server comes back up.

> With pull you are relying on the availability of dozens, hundreds or 
> even thousands (depending on how much email you get) of different 
> servers scattered across the world.  You go from a situation where all 
> of your email is there most of the time, to one where some of your 
> email is never there most of the time.

Well, the web is like that, and people find it reliable enough to be 
useful.

The question is how the reliability of a pull-based system would 
compare to the reliability of the current system. Don't forget that 
although email pull would degrade my ability to receive mail from users 
whose messaging servers are badly maintained, it would *increase* my 
ability to *send* mail to those same users, because once they were 
regular correspondents of mine their software would still be able to 
poll my reliable server even when their ISP's broken server was down.

I suspect some simulations would need to be done to work out whether 
the overall outcome would be better or worse, and how much better or 
worse it would be.

>> I mean, the web often requires that both my ISP and the appropriate 
>> web site have their servers operational when I want to read a web 
>> page. Yet people still use the web.
>
> Different expectations of service, and different scale.  I get mail 
> from far more servers than I surf in a given day.

Maybe you should try an RSS feed reader. :-)

>>> - it requires storing outgoing email for an indefinite amount of time
>>
>> The current system requires storing incoming e-mail for an indefinite 
>> amount of time.
>
> Nope.  Only until the end user picks it up.

Uh, that's an indefinite amount of time. I might not log in to collect 
my mail for several months.

In both the current setup and e-mail pull, the server holding the mail 
can stop holding it once the recipient has downloaded it. What's the 
difference?

>>> - it completely the destroys the go-online, fetch, go-offline model
>>
>> Not really. It just means that my mail client would go online, fetch 
>> my e-mail from a dozen different systems instead of just one, then 
>> disconnect.
>
> No. You go online.  Get a list of different email systems, decide 
> which ones you  want to fetch, and then go online again to fetch them.

If the decision process is fast enough--and it probably will be--then 
you just have a dual-threaded e-mail client.  Most offline newsreaders 
work that way--download the headers, autoselect a bunch of articles on 
the fly, and download those articles, then disconnect. All in one cycle.

> And that points out the biggest flaw of the system.  Not only have you 
> not stopped the spammers (sure, they need to find a host somewhere, or 
> lots of hosts, but that's not that big a deal).  But you've made it 
> *way* harder for me to tell whether something is spam. The initial 
> "you have mail" message doesn't provide enough information.  I can no 
> longer use content filters on it.  Instead I have to go try and fetch 
> it.  The spammer is sure to have an overloaded server, so now I'm not 
> only going to try and fetch it--but try multiple times!

Which is a big problem why? It's not going to chew up your bandwidth, 
you can set retrieval timeouts as short as you want to limit your 
dialup session to, and the CPU and disk overhead of failing to make a 
connection is minimal. I'd make that payoff to get rid of most spam.


mathew

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On Monday, March 31, 2003 6:26 PM, Brad Templeton [SMTP:brad@templetons.com] 
wrote:
> On Mon, Mar 31, 2003 at 12:15:05PM -0800, Dave Crocker wrote:
> > Brad,
> >
> > BT> Alas, now we see how hard it is to get consensus on this.
> > >> BT>                     Sent as part of a mass mailing, which is to say
> > >> some
> > >> BT>                         person commanded that mail be sent to more
> > >> than
> > >> BT>                         a few hundred people
> > >>
> > >> if 10,000 separate senders each mail to targeted lists of 50 people,
> > >> soliciting money, is that not spam?
> >
> > BT> If the 10,000 people are, as you say, separate, and not caused to do so
> > by one
> > BT> entity, then no, it would not be under this definition.
> >
> > I was trying to highlight a problem with the definition.
> >
> > The person that receives each of those 10,000 messages is going to be
> > pretty clear that they have received spam.
>
> I'm of asrg for a busy week, but I'm not clear on your question here.  What
> is the problem with the term?   Is it that you think it does not cover large
> volumes of mail which you think are spam?  Or that you think it labels
> legitimate mail as spam?

What came to me is this.  For at least what appears to be a metric in your term 
(over 100's messages) for injection into the MTS, where is this measured?  Is 
the system for measurement sensitive to temporal thresholds, e.g. I send one 
message 'spam' per hour for 100 days?

> > 1.  Spam is two different problems.  One is traffic for ISPs and the
> > other is traffic for recipients.  Neither really cares how many places
> > that traffic comes from.  Hence, making the definition rely on single,
> > major offenders carries a serious risk, if there are many, small
> > offenders.

Or of single or many senders exploiting a temporal window to do their dirt. 
 Thus the traffic experienced is not a problem.  Does 'spam' not remain a 
problem irrespective of the network bandwidth consumed by it's presence?

> Does anybody have information that they get significant spams from mailings
> that were limited to small numbers of people, like say 50?   I mean even
> if a million individuals sent out 50 mails, that's still fewer than one mail
> per mailbox in the world.  Are there a million people who want to do these
> small mailings?
>

I don't think it necessarily has to be people doing it, as you said it may be a 
locus of control that manages the sending from multiple sources.

> Remember, two people working for the same entity who each do a mailing of
> 50 is not 2 mailings of 50, it is a mailing of 100.   What matters is who
> gives the order, not how it is implemented, at least in terms of
> legal definitions.

Yes.

> > I do not know whether they are yet a major source of the problem. As
> > soon as we make mechanisms that successfully limit single-source
> > volumes, we will get this alternative traffic. Spammers have proved to
> > be very, very adaptable.
>
> So you agree it is a hypothetical problem, then?  I would prefer not to
> solve the hypotheticals, but be adaptable to be able to deal with them if
> they arise.  If we can make a compelling case that it's "when" rather than
> "if" then it's not a hypothetical any more.
>
I think it is all when, unless we can get a handle on the 'arms race'.

> I will admit I see one risk here, namely affiliate marketing and MLM.  I
> would want to tune the definition to say that if one major player
> encourages 1,000 affiliates to each mail 100 people, then this is a mailing
> of 100,000.   I won't pretend this isn't thorny - it's thorny in most of
> the definitional questions.    Getting MLM sub-pyramiders to mail their
> friends is not as much of a problem, it is how MLM works, and you run the 
risk of
> pissing off your friends.   It's only when you mail people who don't know you
> that you face no consequences for pissing them off.
>

I concur, however this could also lead to (in a legal construct) a loophole.

> >
> >
> > BT> Sure.  Again, how much of your "spam" is coming from parties who are 
not
> > BT> strangers to you?
> >
> > I am not a good person to ask, since my tolerance level for unsolicited
> > solicitations is close to zero.
> >
> > My impression is that it is a common problem on the net.
>
> I get over 200 spam/day and I scan the headers of all of them and in general
> it is very rare to get one form somebody I know, and extremely rare in those
> cases that it isn't either a mistake and correctable with an opt-out.  I only
> know so many people, so the opt-out system is workable in that case as there
> are only so many I need to do in my life.

I don't know.  I think there is also the issue of 'spam' that appears to come 
from someone you know, e.g. a mailing list or a familiar name in the recipients 
domain e.g. postmaster@yourdomain.com.  Of course we may have countermeasures 
to prevent message origination from off site with an 'internal' domain but I 
just don't see that as a universal case.

> >
> > BT>   And in this case, how many problems have you had with
> > BT> getting removed from their lists?
> >
> > Given that responding to a rogue spammer is a good way to validate that
> > your address is valid and that you are a responsive Internet email user,
> > the problem is knowing when it is "safe" to ask to be removed.
>
> No, I meant not the spam from rogue spammers, the spam from people you know.
> In those cases I have found I can always quickly get off the lists, and the
> remove mechanism works and is generally risk-free.   For unknown spammers, I
> would not attempt to reply.
> >
> >
> >
> > BT> Actually, under this definition, everybody _you_ talk to gets one "free
> > shot."
> >
> > So, in Internet scale operation, that is up to 100 million extra pieces
> > of email.  Or rather more, since "corporations" are independent of
> > individuals.  And people form new corporations all the time.
>
> Can you clarify?   You are suggesting that because a corporation knows lots
> and
> lots of people, this opens it up to spam from them?
>
> To my mind most people only know perhaps a few thousand people and a few
> thousand corporations.  Of those, only a small number are likley spammers.
> The number of opt-outs you would need to do in your life might be numbered
> in the few score at most.

And the rest are blacklists? filters? blocks?

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OK, now we're getting into nit-picking details.

On Sunday, Mar 30, 2003, at 01:53 US/Eastern, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
> On Saturday, March 29, 2003, at 04:27  PM, mathew wrote:
>>  With e-mail pull, I fail to get the mail if the sender's messaging 
>> server (at his ISP) is down.
>
> Or if the network between us is down, or if the server is overloaded 
> because someone who didn't know any better something to everyone in 
> his address book 100 times.

If the network between us goes down, then the mail doesn't get 
delivered until the network goes up again. Just like if the network 
between the sender's SMTP server and my mail server goes down with the 
present system, the mail doesn't get delivered.

If an idiot sends something 100x to everyone in his address book, 
that's unsolicited bulk e-mail, so the fact that I don't receive it is 
a feature.

> If someone forwards the mail, who's server is responsible for it?

Treat a forwarded e-mail as a regular e-mail that just happens to 
contain an encapsulated message in the body. In other words, the same 
as at present, the forwarder's mail server is responsible for delivery.

>  What server (if any) keeps the message for future reference?

What server (if any) keeps my e-mail for future reference now?  None, 
that I know of.

>  What if it's a person who never deletes his e-mail?

Then his hard disk fills up.

>  Or reads it 1000 times (DOS attack?).

Yes, if he has a broken mail client that doesn't download and cache the 
mail, he might fetch it lots of times. Just like a broken web client 
might fetch the same image every time it's included on any web page on 
your site.

If it turned out to be that big of a problem, you could limit the 
number of times your mail server allowed any given message to be 
downloaded.

>  How long does a server have to keep a message to be read?

How long does an SMTP server have to keep retrying to transmit a 
message?  Configurable parameter.  We can argue over what the default 
should be, but I don't see that it needs to be decided right now.

>  What if the message is forwarded?

You already did that one.

>  what if the person posts a URL to access it to slashdot?

See above re: limiting number of times a message can be downloaded.

> How does e-mail pull work in large environments where you have round 
> robins, load forwarders, and large strings of MX relays today?

Same way almost any other Internet protocol works. SMTP is an unusual 
special case in that it had its own methods of controlling network 
topology. Now that so much traffic flows through other point-to-point 
protocols like HTTP, firewalls and switches are equipped to let you set 
up "smart" routing based on protocol, source, destination, and so on.

Sure, you wouldn't just be able to translate your MX setups and e-mail 
backbones to a set of firewall settings automatically, but that doesn't 
mean you couldn't set up equivalent functionality.

>  How about through firewalls?

Well, you'd need to have a public messaging server outside the firewall 
that people could contact to fetch mail your users sent, just like you 
currently have a public web server so people can fetch pages your users 
author. You'd also need a notification-receiving server, like your 
current SMTP server.

> I hate to say it, but email pull seems like a bad idea with a lot of 
> complexity for questionable improvement.

Yes, well, a lot of things on the Internet are a bad idea with 
questionable performance. The web, IRC, Java, ...

Seriously, though, I don't see it as much more complex than running a 
web server plus an SMTP server.


mathew

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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 19:34:40 -0800

On Mon, Mar 31, 2003 at 10:15:16PM -0500, Eric D. Williams wrote:
> What came to me is this.  For at least what appears to be a metric in your term 
> (over 100's messages) for injection into the MTS, where is this measured?  Is 
> the system for measurement sensitive to temporal thresholds, e.g. I send one 
> message 'spam' per hour for 100 days?

This is a question of defining spam, as in "What is spam, that thou art not
allowed to do it, or that laws or contracts may punish you for it?"

That's quite different from the question of detecting spam, which is based
on technical metrics.

> Or of single or many senders exploiting a temporal window to do their dirt. 
>  Thus the traffic experienced is not a problem.  Does 'spam' not remain a 
> problem irrespective of the network bandwidth consumed by it's presence?

As noted, the 4 problems caused by spam are server overload, ruination of
mailbox S/N, creation of fear of putting your email address out, and dealing
with both real and bogus complaints.

If you solve these 4 problems that is all that matters.  You refer to problem
1, network bandwidth, which is just one.

However yes, I very definitely say, if you can solve the problem, it does
not matter that some "unwanted" mail goes through.   It's not, I believe
the goal to stop unwanted mail, just to stop getting so much of it that it
makes your mailbox less useful/servers overloaded/etc.

You can't possibly stop all unwanted mail nor would you want to, for if you
managed to do it, then it is inherent in the imperfection of human systems
that you are also stopping some wanted mail to get to that point.

> I don't think it necessarily has to be people doing it, as you said it may be a 
> locus of control that manages the sending from multiple sources.

Right, for definitions, we care about the actions of human beings.  Computers,
and to some extent, employees and affiliates, are just tools that implement
the will of the culpable human in a spam.

So while one employee mailing 10 strangers a sales pitch may not be large
enough to meet a volume threshold we might set for spam, it is a spam if the
employee's boss told him, and many other employees, to do this.
> 
> 
> I concur, however this could also lead to (in a legal construct) a loophole.

Indeed, I point it out as one to close in creating a spam definition.
Whether it is a problem depends on the threshold.  For example, if the threshold
is low, like say 25, then even 1000 affiliates could only send 25,000 mails.
Sounds like a lot, but do the math -- there are 50,000,000 mailboxes out there
on spammer's lists.    If we cut the spammers of the world down to 10 million
spams a day that get through, in aggregate, we're talking about getting only
one every 5 days on average, which certainly takes back your mailbox.

Still, I think the loophole can be closed, by saying that it's the count
in a "campaign."   So an affiliate program is a campaign, and all mail by
affiliates due to it would be counted in the total for the maker of the
program.
> 
> I don't know.  I think there is also the issue of 'spam' that appears to come 
> from someone you know, e.g. a mailing list or a familiar name in the recipients 
> domain e.g. postmaster@yourdomain.com.  Of course we may have countermeasures 
> to prevent message origination from off site with an 'internal' domain but I 
> just don't see that as a universal case.

That is not spam from somebody you know, that is spam forged to appear as
spam from somebody you know.


> > To my mind most people only know perhaps a few thousand people and a few
> > thousand corporations.  Of those, only a small number are likley spammers.
> > The number of opt-outs you would need to do in your life might be numbered
> > in the few score at most.
> 
> And the rest are blacklists? filters? blocks?

Whatever systems people decide to use, of course.
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 20:41:15 -0700

At 10:49 AM 3/31/2003 -0500, you wrote:
>If I were a spammer (I am not) I'd start encrypting messages to throw off
>content filtering. Public keys are easily obtainable and are readily
>associated with good email addresses.

Well, I recently started getting a pot-load of spam that does this.  (I 
think it is coming in from a newsgroup I moderate.  I just delete it and so 
I am not sure about this.)

Anyway, what they do is misspell words.  They use < and > to make "se><"
for example, 1's for l's 0's (zeros) for o's, etc.  It is of course harder 
to read but the message is still quite understandable.  What is more, it 
makes it virtually impossible for a filtering mechanism to catch it unless 
the various tricks such as this were programmed into it directly.

Of course, the other thing that has been happening more lately is simply a 
chunk of innocuous text in a HTML mail that won't trip up a filter but the 
HTML mail also has an image embedded in it that has the contents of the 
actual spam.

I suspect that Baysian and other similar techniques will have only a 
limited life span as techniques such as this become more prevalent.

-Art
-- 
Art Pollard
http://www.lextek.com/
Suppliers of High Performance Text Retrieval Engines.

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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 21:03:36 -0700 (MST)

> From: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>

> ...
> > Not so.  Body filters can also announce or keep quiet about their
> > effects with bounces or SMTP status codes like any DNS blacklists.
>
> Ah.  What I meant is that I can check to see if someone is in the
> SPEWS DNSBL, but I can't see if a given email will be rejected as spam
> by a given content filter. 

What is wrong with the recipe I gave for doing exactly that?

Again, given an SMTP server and a test message, simply send the test
message to an invalid mailbox at that server.  If the bounce you get
from the remote server or your own SMTP client says "user unknown,"
then chances that are the remote SMTP server will not have filtered
the same message if sent to a valid address.  You can't know for
certain that the message would have been delivered to a valid address,
because the MTA could be lying.  The same applies to DNS blacklists,
because MTAs can and do lie about how they use DNS blacklists and your
mail target can use procmail or SpamAssassin to consult DNS blacklists
from within MTAs and can interpret DNS blacklist results differently
from what you expect.  (E.g. the choices in SPEWS levels.)

If the SMTP server does not bounce the test message or if it bounces
it with a status message saying something about naughty bits, then
you know that a body filter doesn't like your message.

Note that each test can be affected by preceding tests.  AOL and
others are rumored to count bad mailboxes as evidence of spam.
Repeat the test with a single message and a system using the DCC
enough times, and it should start failing.


> ...
> DNSBLs are much more transparent about what they are doing and I think
> transparent enforcement of rules is A Good Thing.  An erronious
> listing in SPEWS can be noticed and corrected, but an erronious
> brightmail rule will be very hard to detect.

Transparency is better for senders than spam targets.  Spam targets
can benefit from transparency, but they can also be hurt because
spammers can use the information.

DNS blacklist are more transparent mostly because they are simpler
and even simplistic.  It's hard to block only the spam from a large
ISP with a DNS blacklist.

Few sites with effect spam filters use DNS blacklists alone.  Instead
they combine them with other mechanisms, so that the question of
whether DNS blacklist is blocking some "newsletter" is simplistic and
misleading.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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> From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>

>   As an absolute number, false positive should be easy to define.  "I
> went through my 'spam' folder, and I decided that 3 messages should
> not have been put there."

True, but such absolute numbers in isolation are merely boring noise.
Whether the number is 3 or 1,000,000 (eg. recently from AOL), it is
meaningless without some clue about the number of other messages.


>   As a ratio or percentage, false positives are taken relative to the
> desired signal, not to the total data, or to the noise.  ...

> ...
>   The ratio of false positives = FP / MAIL
>   The ratio o false negatives  = FN / MAIL

So say you and I, but not everyone else.  There is no canon that
sanctifies any particular definition of a "spam ratio," at least
not yet.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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On Monday, March 31, 2003, at 07:22  PM, mathew wrote:

> OK, now we're getting into nit-picking details.
>
>> Or if the network between us is down, or if the server is overloaded 
>> because someone who didn't know any better something to everyone in 
>> his address book 100 times.
>
> If the network between us goes down, then the mail doesn't get 
> delivered until the network goes up again. Just like if the network 
> between the sender's SMTP server and my mail server goes down with the 
> present system, the mail doesn't get delivered.

But now, with MX records, when a connection comes up, the servers 
coordinate delivery. As I understand it, the system you're proposing is 
doing it at the client level, so updates only happen when the user is 
asking for them. For an unstable connection, that reduces the 
likelihood of successful delivery significantly.

> If an idiot sends something 100x to everyone in his address book, 
> that's unsolicited bulk e-mail, so the fact that I don't receive it is 
> a feature.

but it still causes network and server prolems, so dealing with the 
side effects is necessary. Systems can't assume perfect conditions.

>>  What server (if any) keeps the message for future reference?
>
> What server (if any) keeps my e-mail for future reference now?  None, 
> that I know of.

anyone currently on an IMAP server, or on POP with "leave on server" 
turned on. So, would a user require to pull it and copy it to "my" 
server, or does it stay on that server, like it would on a USENET or 
IMAP server? 0

>>  What if it's a person who never deletes his e-mail?
>
> Then his hard disk fills up.

not if the email he's never deleting lives on your server, because 
that's where it was accepted from and still stored.

>>  Or reads it 1000 times (DOS attack?).
>
> Yes, if he has a broken mail client that doesn't download and cache 
> the mail, he might fetch it lots of times. Just like a broken web 
> client might fetch the same image every time it's included on any web 
> page on your site.

okay, so you're seeing this as some client-driven version of a suck 
feed. you could make it work, but it's not how I'd do it. You're better 
off layering on what we already have, using some variation of the ETRN 
command -- but then you still have to have some way to tell the other 
side there's mail waiting to receive. so aren't we simply setting up a 
system to send email to tell someone there's email being sent?

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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 23:30:14 -0500

At 9:55 AM -0700 3/31/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>easier to evade filters.  I've never built a filter that wouldn't be
>easier to evade than to operate.  Spammers are always slow and behind.
>Why?

Because until recently so few people ran filters that it wasn't worth 
the effort to work around them?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 23:28:42 -0500

At 11:03 AM -0600 3/31/03, Steven F Siirila wrote:
>  > Thats like Dogbert's IT department that responds to 'I can't
>>  get onto the net' with 'send in a request by email'. Of course
>>  you hear no complaints when you refuse to listen to them.
>
>Not when you include a URL in the response which points to a web site
>containing an email address they CAN get through to in order to complain
>as well as another URL they can use to request communication with the user.
>We couldn't afford to do the blocking we do without these abilities.

You made the claim that this was sufficient once before, and I 
pointed out then that it might work for the college crowd--but it's 
not going to work for someone's Grandmother.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 23:27:37 -0500

At 12:30 PM -0800 3/31/03, Chuq Von Rospach wrote:
>someone on list-managers just posted a note that has me a bit freaked.
>
>she got spam addressed from a user of her mail list. That user seems 
>to have gotten "something" that caused her machine to send a spam 
>message to everyone in her address book.

I have heard people talk of viruses/trojans which either sent spam 
directly, or used the user's account to signup for free accounts on 
webmail sites and sent spam using those.  But I've only heard those 
in the friend-of-a-friend market.

There was an e-greetings trojan (technically it wasn't a trojan, it 
was a test of how closely you read a EULA) which sent greeting card 
messages to everyone in your address book.  I've also heard that it 
sent a copy of your address book to the company who set it up--but I 
haven't seen that officially reported anywhere.  (The fact that the 
software did what it said it was going to do kind of threw the 
anti-virus companies in a quandry.  Some blocked it, some did not. 
The company sending the stuff had to switch servers several times 
too, since their ISP's weren't so friendly.  Last I heard they had a 
server in Panama.)

On the illegal fringes of spam I suspect that regular collaboration 
of virus writers and spammers is only a matter of time.  It's good 
money for the script kiddies.  Most likely I would expect the virus 
not to carry the spam payload directly, but to pick it up from a 
newsgroup or some such.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: Steven F Siirila <sfs@tc.umn.edu>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Rejecting Email
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 22:49:55 -0600

On Mon, Mar 31, 2003 at 11:28:42PM -0500, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 11:03 AM -0600 3/31/03, Steven F Siirila wrote:
> > > Thats like Dogbert's IT department that responds to 'I can't
> >> get onto the net' with 'send in a request by email'. Of course
> >> you hear no complaints when you refuse to listen to them.
> >
> >Not when you include a URL in the response which points to a web site
> >containing an email address they CAN get through to in order to complain
> >as well as another URL they can use to request communication with the user.
> >We couldn't afford to do the blocking we do without these abilities.
> 
> You made the claim that this was sufficient once before, and I 
> pointed out then that it might work for the college crowd--but it's 
> not going to work for someone's Grandmother.

I was just pointing out that we don't "refuse to listen to them".
In fact, we occasionally get questions posed to our mail administration
address (apparently from those that don't go past the first URL) asking
why we are blocking them.  That address never blocks mail, of course.

However, I do understand your point.  Every site will have differing
requirements when it comes to blocking/filtering mail.  It is precisely
this reason that sites should have available one or more configurable
solutions at their disposal.  There is no one-size-fits-all that I can see
at this time.

> -- 
> Kee Hinckley
> http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
> http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society
> 
> I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
> responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
> everyone else's.

-- 

Steven F. Siirila			Office: Lind Hall, Room 130B
Internet Services			E-mail: sfs@umn.edu
Office of Information Technology	Voice: (612) 626-0244
University of Minnesota
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