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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Protecting Legitimate Commercial Email (was Re: ESPC P
 roposal)
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Date: Wed, 30 Apr 2003 23:53:54 -0400

At 10:34 PM -0400 4/30/03, mathew wrote:
>>No, that isn't how they do it.  Court suits are a last resort.
>
>What are the other resorts?

Negotiation.

>>when their customers spam.  They don't.  They don't even do the 
>>"We'll charge your credit card $500 if you spam" thing.
>
>I'm pretty sure Barry Shein does. Perhaps he could chime in on 
>whether that's just an empty threat, though.

I think it was Barry who told me it wasn't worth it--but I'm *quite* 
sure he can speak for himself on the issue :-).

>>  Why? Because the customer simply disputes the charge, and then 
>>you're off to court to try and get $500.  You can't win that game.
>
>So what you're saying is that providing I defraud you of less than 
>$500, you wouldn't bother to do anything about it?

Not if the cost of recovering it is greater than $500.  This isn't 
abstract, it's happened to me personally.  I had a plumber walk off 
with $6000 of my money, skip out on the court dates, and skip out on 
the bankruptcy hearing.  We put a trace on him for a while, but 
eventually we gave up.  Getting the money back costs too much.

Modern society doesn't work because people will sue you at the drop 
of the hat if you do something wrong.  It works because people are 
basically honest.

>Made-up e-mail addresses, lying on subscription forms and 
>deliberately subscribing other people's e-mail addresses are not a 
>problem if you're doing confirmed opt-in. And if you're not doing 
>confirmed opt-in, you're a spammer.

I used to think confirmed opt-in was the answer.  I'm no longer so 
sure.  End users are not as smart as I thought they were.  (And I 
didn't think they were very smart from the get go.)  But there's 
certainly no point in labeling 90% of the emailing community spammers 
just because they don't agree with you on how to verify an address. 
You aren't going to get very far in negotiations that way.

>>What we need in this system is some way of restoring trust.  Trust 
>>by a recipient that they can safely unsubscribe.  Trust by a 
>>bulkmailer that the list owner has followed best practices.  Trust 
>>by the list owner that the recipients haven't lied.  There's a 
>>circle there, and it's broken.
>
>Well, those things would be nice, but I don't see that any of them 
>would solve the spam problem, or even improve the situation.

That's because you've already decided that everyone who doesn't 
believe what you believe is evil.  You've got no where to go when it 
comes to trust.  On the bright side, you are being consistent. 
That's perfectly in line with assuming  that people behave because 
they are afraid that otherwise they'll get sued.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Art Pollard <pollarda@lextek.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Changing mailing lists from push to pull
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Date: Wed, 30 Apr 2003 22:35:10 -0600

At 10:58 PM 4/30/2003 -0400, you wrote:
>   It should possible to set up a script to make a PC (Windows/Max/Linux)
>poll a POP server once a day or once a week, etc.  Has anyone ever tried
>writing up a script and simply throwing announcements on a central POP
>server.  The subscribers' machine would poll the central POP server as
>required.  This solves the permission problem, because the subscriber is
>doing the pulling.  No changes required to SMTP, for the simple reason
>that SMTP is totally bypassed.

Sounds like NNTP .... ;-)
Well sort of.  Without the message distribution stuff.

Personally, I'd love to see a "references" header become more standard so 
that mail readers could thread messages.  It would also mean that a mail 
reader could "pull" mailing list threads.  Finally, if it could be counted 
on, it would mean that there could be gateways between NNTP/WebBBS/Mailing 
Lists if one so desired as the threading mechanisms would be the same.

I use Eudora which strips these things out unfortunately.

-Art
-- 
Art Pollard
http://www.lextek.com/
Suppliers of High Performance Text Retrieval Engines.

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In-Reply-To:  <1051734132.17309.47.camel@david.couchpotato.net>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Domain-Authorized SMTP Mail
To: "David Green"  <green@couchpotato.net>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Thu, 01 May 2003 07:45:03 +0100

> 
> I posted the "Domain Authorized SMTP Mail" proposal to this mailing list
> some time ago, and I've since created a separate web site for it. Here's
> the link:
> 


I'm not sure how this works:
<quote>
SMTP servers MUST remove any Authorized-By SMTP headers of
incoming mail. They SHOULD be configurable to preserve Authorized-By
headers on incoming mail from a set of trusted servers.
</quote>

The first sentence seems to preclude the second.






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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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From: "Jim Youll" <jim@media.mit.edu>
> You're missing lots of issues, like all the sites that aren't at the end of
> a whomping fast Internet connection... the big messages dribble in over the
> slow link and local access is decoupled from link speed. When I put up my
> first home Linux server many years ago, it was on a demand-dialed line and
> it batched out the locally-gathered mail every 30 minutes..  the ISP was
> an MX secondary for inbound mail.

I don't understand this objection.  You can send to the ISP's SMTP server at the
same speed as you send to another SMTP server.

>
> Further, why should an independent organization's e-mail policies be subject
> to the wholly unrelated policies of an intermediate party?

Because the current system is broken!

> Should we also
> proxy all web serving and retrieval through the ISP too?

No.

> Shall we ask the ISP
> to maintain our e-mail accounts? Do we then have to trust the ISP to store
> all these messages? What about privacy?

I'm only talking about outgoing messages.

> Since there will be hundreds of thousands of SMTP servers no matter how
> loudly anyone here complains, there is little point in trying to shout
> against the wind in this way.

Yeah, yeah, nothing will ever change.  The world will come to an end if these
regulations pass.  People say things all the time.  Then the regulations pass and
it's no big deal.  I'm more interested in whether the regulations will work.  Yes
there are costs, but there are costs to the current situation and to any other
solution, too.

The actual impact of these changes is tiny.  So far people have legitimately pointed
out:
1) Now, you can use TLS to the end server.
2) You get feedback from one hop later if you do the SMTP yourself.

That's it.

For 1)
Well, if you use S/MIME, your ISP knows the email of your recipient. If you use TLS,
your ISP knows the SMTP server of the recipient.  If that difference is important to
you, get a certificate for your SMTP server!

Come to think of it, if you accept TLS, you probably already got a certificate!
Will the new certificate be so much more of a burden than the current one?
(Slightly more rigorous, hopefully.)

For 2)
Yes, but you still don't know if the recipient gets the message.  (Kudos to
Microsoft for implementing S/MIME receipts, by the way.  That is one real advance in
reliability and they were the first major MUA vendor to do it, AFAIK.)  If that's
really important to you, get a certificate for your SMTP server.

Right now the reliability of email is just so-so. And spam contributes to the
problem.  I will note that hierarchically-structured systems (like the phone system)
tend to be more reliable than N^2 connection sytems.



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From: Leif Neland
Subject: Idea: RUBL: Realtime UNblocking Lists
Newsgroups: comp.mail.sendmail
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 2003 18:47:31 +0200
http://www.google.com./groups?selm=3ead5b2b%240%2442636%24edfadb0f%40dread11.news.tele.dk

-- 
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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Gah! I forgot one other important advantage of my proposal.  End users can get
certificates and use them with current MUA software.  That way they won't be subject
to challenge-response even if they have to send through a non-participating SMTP
server.  The free certificates that just certify your email address would not be
acceptable, but the certificates don't have to be out of reach of individuals.
There has to be some real effort to check real-world identity, plus, as I said in
another message:

A certificate that provides strong identity (e.g. government-issued) is
not by itself sufficient as an antispam certificate.  A CA would have
to (1) check it against a database of known spammers (2) get the person
to sign a contract  to abide by a set of antispam policies and (3) have
a set of procedures to handle complaints against the person (including
reporting the person to the database if they do not cooperate).


> From: "Ken Simpson" <ksimpson@ttul.org>
> > Instead of certificates, why not just use the Bonded Sender approach and
> > use PTR queries to a whitelist DNS server or group of servers? A quick DNS
> > query is less intensive than cryptography and requires less programming.
> > Besides, running a CA is a huge undertaking.
>
> This is a possibility.  A DNS query may be less computationally intensive,
> but I think it takes more time.  A DNS query would avoid the byte overhead
> of a message signature.
>
> The advantage of cryptographic signatures is they prove that the message was
> sent by the holder of the private key.  This helps prevent malicious
> complaints against a bonded sender.
>
> There are already CAs.  I think that they would work with an organization
> such as TRUSTe rather than try to handle complaints themselves.  They could
> work with more than one organization.  The exact details about certificate
> signing and revocation would need to be worked out.
>
> Other differences of my proposal from the Bonded Sender approach--
>   More than one policy  could be chosen.  Getting consensus on just one is
> hard.
>   Participating servers should require a challenge-response on all mail from
> non-participating servers.
>   Labeling properties of individual messages and senders is encouraged.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Reference: Realtime UNblocking Lists
To: "Andrzej Filip"  <anfi@Box43.pl>
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> From: Leif Neland
> Subject: Idea: RUBL: Realtime UNblocking Lists
> Newsgroups: comp.mail.sendmail
> Date: Mon, 28 Apr 2003 18:47:31 +0200

As you pointed out, one needs to block any IP that might be dynamically
allocated for this to work well. Even for IPs that don't change their
association frequently, periodic retesting would be required. I suppose
this might be requested by my MTA if I get an "old" response from the RUBL.

One issue I see is that it might falsely whitelist the output IP of
multistage relays. How big a problem would this be?







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Subject: RE: [Asrg] A New Plan for No Spam / Velocity Indicator
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>Note that contrary that document, it generally makes no sense to talk
>about valid BCC fields in incoming legitimate mail.  See page 37 of
>RFC 2822.  I wouldn't be surprised if SpamAssassin treats a BCC
>header as evidence of evil, because I can't recall ever seeing one
>except in spam.  More important and also contrary to that document,
>RFC 822 and RFC 2822 do *NOT* require that every incoming message name
>the receipient in any SMTP header.  Most legitimate mailing list
>messags are cases in point.

Phill's document already points out that mailing lists are an exception
which require exceptional treatment, so your "case in point" appears to be
vacuous padding to try to fool us into thinking your message has more
substance than it has.
As for the bcc case, I used to use an MUA which generated n+1 copies of the
body - 1 for each bcc recipient containing a bcc line with only that
recipient, and one for all To and cc recipient containing no bcc line. These
were transmitted separately - multiple Rcpt To lines with one Data phase for
teh To and cc recipients, single Rcpt lines with a data phase for each bcc
recipient. Since Phill is as much of an antique as I am, maybe he too
remembers MUAs which did rather pleasant and intelligent things that didn't
conform to the modern desire for "efficiency" at all costs (even at the cost
of effectiveness) and maybe that's where theerrorneous statement comes from.
An easy mistake to make if you grew up with civilised MUAs.

>What discourages me most about this mailing list are self-described
>expert statements such as "the RFC822 message standard requires every
>message to have a valid To: CC: or BCC: field identifying the recipient,
>making adjustment where necessary to account for messages relayed
>through mailing lists."  There are obvious reasons why RFC 822 and
>RFC 2822 do not require mailing list exploders to anything of the sort.

Heavy protestations of knowledg and expertise which are clearly false bother
me too, but I also know the story about the pot and the kettle.

Tom

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Jon Kyme wrote:

>>From: Leif Neland
>>Subject: Idea: RUBL: Realtime UNblocking Lists
>>Newsgroups: comp.mail.sendmail
>>Date: Mon, 28 Apr 2003 18:47:31 +020
>>
>
>As you pointed out, one needs to block any IP that might be dynamically
>allocated for this to work well. Even for IPs that don't change their
>association frequently, periodic retesting would be required. I suppose
>this might be requested by my MTA if I get an "old" response from the RUBL.
>
RUBL may itself implement retest policy of listed & looked up IP addresses
e.g. declare IP as clean after test for 4 months, but if anybody asks in 
fourth month then send back "all clear" but schedule retest.

>One issue I see is that it might falsely whitelist the output IP of
>multistage relays.
>
RUBL (as proposed) it is not intended to detect multistage open relays.
It have a big chance to reduce number of single stage open relays "by 
mistake" or "lack of proper knowledge" - if  you want to send to us then 
you must accept open relay tests [blocking relay tests gets more common].
There is one big problem: some people are ready to fight any "open relay 
test" probes and declare them "illegal".

>How big a problem would this be?
>  
>
At early stages of RUBL deployment it should not not be a big problem. 
Of course if we effectively block use of single stage open relays then 
multistage open relays will be more valuable to spammers.

-- 
Andrzej [pl>en: Andrew] Adam Filip http://www.polbox.com/a/anfi/



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> From: "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>

> Phill's document already points out that mailing lists are an exception
> which require exceptional treatment, so your "case in point" appears to be
> vacuous padding to try to fool us into thinking your message has more
> substance than it has.

He did not say that mailing list software should be changed, but in
effect said that all major past and current SMTP mailing list software
violates words in RFC 822 that do not exist.  In fact RFC 2822 not
only does not require that recipients be listed, but allows an MTA to
remove BCCs.  He probably made the mistake common among end users who
complain about spam not containing their addresses, because they do
not know about or understand the significance of the SMTP envelope.
If you have not spent much time fighting spam or SMTP servers in more
than their external configuration spam, it is easy to not know about
the SMTP envelope.


> As for the bcc case, I used to use an MUA which generated n+1 copies of the
> body - 1 for each bcc recipient containing a bcc line with only that
> recipient, and one for all To and cc recipient containing no bcc line. These
> were transmitted separately - multiple Rcpt To lines with one Data phase for
> teh To and cc recipients, single Rcpt lines with a data phase for each bcc
> recipient. Since Phill is as much of an antique as I am, maybe he too
> remembers MUAs which did rather pleasant and intelligent things that didn't
> conform to the modern desire for "efficiency" at all costs (even at the cost
> of effectiveness) and maybe that's where theerrorneous statement comes from.
> An easy mistake to make if you grew up with civilised MUAs.

I still use an MUA whose first version probably predates the MUA that
you are thinking of.  It sends a single copy with the BCC recipients
mentioned only in the envelope.  The only older UNIX MUA that I've used
of also sent only a single copy.  (Email systems I used before UNIX
were too different to mention.)  The MUA that I recall that did as you
describe was a fancy, "extensible," and "user friendly" package offered
as a replacement for those two older MUAs.  I've often wished that my
preferred MUA would do as you describe, because I've learned the hard
way the importance of preceding a BCC'ed message with another that says
something like "the following is a BCC so don't reply to all."


> >What discourages me most about this mailing list are self-described
> >expert statements such as "the RFC822 message standard requires every
> >message to have a valid To: CC: or BCC: field identifying the recipient,
> >making adjustment where necessary to account for messages relayed
> >through mailing lists."  There are obvious reasons why RFC 822 and
> >RFC 2822 do not require mailing list exploders to anything of the sort.
>
> Heavy protestations of knowledg and expertise which are clearly false bother
> me too, but I also know the story about the pot and the kettle.

Are you sure you see all of the relevant applications of the pot and
kettle story?  Do you see some of the obvious reasons why RFC 822,
RFC 821, RFC 2822, and RFC 2821 do not contain the words that the
other person thought they do?  Did you check RFC 2822 on BCC headers?

Requiring that every message list the recipient in a To, CC, or BCC
header would require that the MTA serving the MUA that is the mailing
list exploder send each copy to the next hop MTA by a separate SMTP
transaction.  The exploder MUA might do as it does now, sending messages
to its MTA, each addressed to from 10, 100s, or perhaps 1000s of
targets, but unlike now, the MUA would add to message BCC headers for
each addressee in the batch.  To honor the blindness required of a
BCC (and the "Security Considerations" in RFC 2822), the MTA must
convert those individual batch messages into sparate messages.  Each
new message would contain a single BCC header mentioning a single
addressee, and would be handled in a separate SMTP transaction.
Alternatively, the exploder MUA could generate the separate messages,
each with a single BCC header.

Have you watched an SMTP client responsible for passing a modest (few
1000 subscribers) or larger mailing list, particularly on hardware
and networks more than 10 years old?   Mailing list subscribers have
always tended to be clustered on SMTP servers, even before big ISPs
like AOL.  Requiring separate transactions for each addressee would
increase the load on the system by 10 times.  I suspect that is why
sendmail at least as early as the mid-1980s was willing to sort by
next-hop and use a single SMTP transaction when possible.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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>If any of that were true, then it would be equally true of ISPs.
>Every SMTP message carries a practically unforgeable token identifying
>and authenticating the previous hop ISP.  If certificate authorities
>could be trusted to police customers that spend $100/year for a
>certificate, then ISPs could be trusted to police customers that spend
>$240/year for ISP service.
>
>
>Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com

That sounds like a nonsense argument to me (but carefully phrased to look
misleadingly plausible).

An ISP has a lot of costs to cover for its $200 per year that a CA doesn't
have to cover. That's why ISPs charge more for ISP service that CAs charge
for certificates.

Sometimes it seems to me that CAs do very little for their $100 per year, so
they should have spare cash they could use to pay for the policing; perhaps
that's an unfair view of CAs.

There are a very large number of ISPs, so many that we can't keep track of
them all so it's impossible to establish a trust relationship with them all,
so it woukld be no good pretrnding we can trust them to do the policing even
if they charged quite silly prices; there are far fewer CAs, it might be
possible to establish the trust necessary relationships.

I think the problem you have with proposals for authenticated email is a
simple one - the same problem you have with the RMX proposal:  you simply
don't want a reliable way of tying spam to its originator, you would rather
play with interesting methods of detecting spam and filtering it out. I
don't know whether that's because you don't see the usefulness of being able
to identify the originator, or because you find detecting bulk mail a fun
passtime, or because you think RFC 2821 is holy writ and not a comma may be
moved on pain of burning in hell throughout eternity for fould heresy and
blasphemy.  It has to be one of those three, I can't imagine another reason.

Spam is a social problem, not a purely technical one.  As with all
anti-social behaviour, being able to identify the perpetrators will be
useful.   I'm not claiming that that's the only thing we have to do, just
that it is an essential component of any proper answer to our problem.  So I
son't see it as helpful to sit back and snipe at every proposal that is ever
made that stands any real chance of delivering some sort of reliable
identification of the senders, particularly since most of the sniping you do
is based around misleading arguments like the one you produced above.

Tom

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To: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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Date: Thu, 1 May 2003 10:34:58 -0400

At 4:22 AM -0400 5/1/03, Ken Hirsch wrote:
>  > Further, why should an independent organization's e-mail policies 
>be subject
>>  to the wholly unrelated policies of an intermediate party?
>
>Because the current system is broken!

That doesn't excuse creating more problems.

>The actual impact of these changes is tiny.  So far people have 
>legitimately pointed
>out:
>1) Now, you can use TLS to the end server.
>2) You get feedback from one hop later if you do the SMTP yourself.

3) You are talking about regulating the creation of at least three 
brand new industries that don't even exist right now.
4) You repeatedly ignore the cost issue--in fact, you don't even 
understand the current costs for services like those you describe, 
let alone what the potential costs would be.

We keep telling you--based on our experience selling, supporting, 
writing and working with commercial email and commercial companies 
that this is not a trivial change.  Please explain how your real 
world experience differs.

>Come to think of it, if you accept TLS, you probably already got a 
>certificate!
>Will the new certificate be so much more of a burden than the current one?
>(Slightly more rigorous, hopefully.)

1. My current certificate can be self-signed.
2. Even if it's not, it costs less than $100.

At 5:49 AM -0400 5/1/03, Ken Hirsch wrote:
>A certificate that provides strong identity (e.g. government-issued) is
>not by itself sufficient as an antispam certificate.  A CA would have
>to (1) check it against a database of known spammers (2) get the person
>to sign a contract  to abide by a set of antispam policies and (3) have
>a set of procedures to handle complaints against the person (including
>reporting the person to the database if they do not cooperate).

What do you think these (currently non-existent) certificates would 
cost?  On what basis do you make the assumption.

Ask Phillip why personal certs with real identity checks aren't 
readily available.  Never mind ones that guarantee that you aren't a 
spammer.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Good point. I reworded it to make it more clear. I've actually received
some suggestions to avoid stripping of headers altogether, since SMTP
servers don't generally do this.

3. MT DNS queries and Authorized-By SMTP headers
                                                                           =
    =20
   SMTP servers MUST remove any Authorized-By SMTP headers of incoming
   mail from untrusted servers. They SHOULD be configurable to preserve
   Authorized-By headers on incoming mail from a set of trusted servers.

Cheers,

David Green

On Thu, 2003-05-01 at 02:45, Jon Kyme wrote:
> >=20
> > I posted the "Domain Authorized SMTP Mail" proposal to this mailing lis=
t
> > some time ago, and I've since created a separate web site for it. Here'=
s
> > the link:
> >=20
>=20
>=20
> I'm not sure how this works:
> <quote>
> SMTP servers MUST remove any Authorized-By SMTP headers of
> incoming mail. They SHOULD be configurable to preserve Authorized-By
> headers on incoming mail from a set of trusted servers.
> </quote>
>=20
> The first sentence seems to preclude the second.
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> --
--=20
David Green <green@couchpotato.net>

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To: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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Date: Thu, 1 May 2003 11:33:27 -0400

At 4:22 -0400 5/1/03, Ken Hirsch wrote:
>From: "Jim Youll" <jim@media.mit.edu>
>>  You're missing lots of issues, like all the sites that aren't at the end of
>>  a whomping fast Internet connection... the big messages dribble in over the
>>  slow link and local access is decoupled from link speed. When I put up my
>>  first home Linux server many years ago, it was on a demand-dialed line and
>>  it batched out the locally-gathered mail every 30 minutes..  the ISP was
>>  an MX secondary for inbound mail.
>
>I don't understand this objection.  You can send to the ISP's SMTP 
>server at the
>same speed as you send to another SMTP server.

Not exactly. My laptop can send mail to the in-house server at 10 to 
100mbps. I close the lid and leave. The in-house server can batch the 
mail out in 30 minutes, at 128Kbps over ISDN to the destination.

there's no benefit to adding another hop for the mail in the middle 
of all this.

>  > Further, why should an independent organization's e-mail policies 
>be subject
>>  to the wholly unrelated policies of an intermediate party?
>
>Because the current system is broken!
>
>>  Should we also
>>  proxy all web serving and retrieval through the ISP too?
>
>No.
>
>>  Shall we ask the ISP
>>  to maintain our e-mail accounts? Do we then have to trust the ISP to store
>>  all these messages? What about privacy?
>
>I'm only talking about outgoing messages.
>
>>  Since there will be hundreds of thousands of SMTP servers no matter how
>>  loudly anyone here complains, there is little point in trying to shout
>>  against the wind in this way.
>
>Yeah, yeah, nothing will ever change.  The world will come to an end if these
>regulations pass.  People say things all the time.  Then the 
>regulations pass and
>it's no big deal.  I'm more interested in whether the regulations 
>will work.  Yes
>there are costs, but there are costs to the current situation and to any other
>solution, too.

Here we disagree. I think the trend is toward more of all kinds of 
servers, not less. Teasing out e-mail may solve one problem, or if 
the solution is not well liked, will just push users (and the same 
problems) onto other technologies. Already people are starting to 
have home media servers. Why would you NOT put e-mail in there too? 
E-mail is not so special compared to the myriad other digital 
services we now publish and consume... there is just this problem of 
spam, and it's an incentive and accountability problem, more than 
anything else.

How in the world can you regulate these bits? Can i ignore your 
regulations? How about if I adopt a different protocol? When is 
e-mail like instant messaging? When is it like newsgroups? Yes i am 
thinking abstractly.


>Right now the reliability of email is just so-so. And spam contributes to the
>problem.  I will note that hierarchically-structured systems (like 
>the phone system)
>tend to be more reliable than N^2 connection sytems.

But the phone system is centrally controlled and slow-changing. 
messaging protocols that are being reinvented every day, over this 
messy, heterogeneous and evolving network, are not like that. I worry 
a lot about too-strong controls being put in place too early. We are 
in the first moments of this technology, and none of it is mature.

I would rather build protocols that support further evolution and 
improvement, than rulemaking that could potentially freeze progress 
at this point.

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From: "Dave Hendricks" <asrg@permissiontechnology.com>
To: "'IRTF Anti-Spam Research Group'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: So what's the *right* way to be a bulkmailer?  (Was RE: [Asrg] A New Plan for No Spam / DNSBLS)
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As a veteran of the so-called permission marketing industry, I have offered
my pithy comments to the ones made below.

So.  Let's say you are that company.  You have tens or hundreds of
> thousands of clients with millions or tens of millions of email
> addresses.
> [ ... ] 
> 
> What kind of system will make this all work with maximum success?
> Perfection is not a goal, it's not possible.  What's going to give
> optimal results?
> 
> 
> And don't say "confirmed opt-in".  That's a policy.  Maybe right,
> maybe wrong.  But anyone can say it.  How are you going to enforce
> compliance with the above list managers?

You raise some good points (most of which I've snipped).  However, I
will say "confirmed opt-in".  And I would enforce the compliance in
part by using complaints and DNSBL listings.


1:    Actually, I will say "confirmed opt-in with yearly renewals".  Every
new list you get, you require all list members to "renew" their
subscription to the mailing list and they must continue to renew their
subscription every year or so.  Save these confirmations and renewals
so that if there is any dispute, you have something to show that you
are not sending unsolicited email.  Unlike initial subscriptions, I
think it would probably be reasonable to send maybe two emails about
the renewal.  Just like initial subscriptions, the renewal request
must not contain any advertising and the description of the mailing
list should be brief and approved by the bulk mailers.

A:	This is not going to happen.  Marketers spend many years and many
dollars to build legitimate lists through their websites and POS and they
will not voluntarily chop it in half just because someone didn't 're-up'.
Many customers who get email newsletters selling products buy something once
or twice a year, and often don't open the messages for months at a time, but
continue to want to subscribe - they buy seasonally for example.  This
approach is not practical and has no chance of being adopted.  


2:  Bulk mailers should get as many IP addresses as possible, preferably
some in different CIDR blocks.  New customers (not subscribers) with
their own lists would be put on "high risk" IP addresses that DNSBLs
may quickly blacklist.  As time passes and the number of emails sent
to the list increases without complaints, you can move the lists to
lower risk IP addresses.  How many different pools of risk levels you
need will have to be determined by experience.

A:	The legitimate email marketing houses already use either individual
netblocks, MTAs or subdomains (or a combination) to separate their clients
out.  This is a very effective way to make sure that high risk clients can
be isolated.  Moving them around different netblocks as you describe would
only make it look like something fishy was happening with the list.  And
enough complaints would get the client fired, most likely.


3.  Bulk emailers need to watch DNSBLs and abuse complaints very
carefully.  If complaints start coming from a particular mailing list,
then they need to moved into higher risk IP blocks or segregated into
an IP address by itself.

A:	They watch spews and other dnsbl's very closely.  Getting off of
those lists is very difficult.  More important to most are relationships
with top ISPs, those being Yahoo, MSN, AOL, Earthlink, etc.


4.	New customers should be required to physically sign a contract, and
place a "large" damage deposit which will be refunded when the mailing
list has reached a low enough risk category.  Maybe a $1000 +
$0.01/email deposit would work.

A:	No customer thinks its list is dirty.  If you think that their list
is dirty enough to consider escrow, it is best not to work with that client
in the first place.


5.	The bulk emailer could then almost advertise about how their low
risk
customers are rarely, if ever, placed on DNSBLs.  Actually, this kind
of procedure would probably scare away most spammers also, so the bulk
emailer would mostly have to deal with people who don't quite
understand email rather than people who are outright trying to deceive
them.

A:	This happens organically by not being a spammer, but still sending
bulk commercial 'permission' mail.

6.	Basically, I think that nothing really needs to be changed at the
technical level.  It is all a matter of bulk emailers implementing
policies that keep them out of trouble rather than send the most
email.

A:	You are wrong.  The legitimate mailers that you target with these
proposals typically already do this right.  Spammers do not adhere to these
rules and will not.  These spammers are the ones that this group wants to
shut down.  They do not comply with 'best practices' that we promulgate
here.  That is why legislative and other sociological approaches will not
work - only technical solutions will.  Economic approaches are a very close
second, since spam is really an economic issue at its heart.

7.	Some might complain that this type of system will cost a lot more
money, but I'm not so sure that is true.  The low risk lists will cost
the bulk emailer below average costs and they will probably be able to
charge above average fees and that can pay for the expense of making
sure the lists are clean.

A:  The email marketing business is highly competitive, making this final
assertion/suggestion also less than practical.




Dave Hendricks

Permission Technology
Suite 100
1261 Post Road
Fairfield CT, 06430

203 254 7222
203 254 9222
dave@permissiontechnology.com
www.permissiontechnology.com


-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of wayne
Sent: Wednesday, April 30, 2003 10:12 PM
To: IRTF Anti-Spam Research Group
Subject: Re: So what's the *right* way to be a bulkmailer? (Was RE: [Asrg] A
New Plan for No Spam / DNSBLS)

In <p06000f13bad47eac81f5@[192.168.1.104]> Kee Hinckley
<nazgul@somewhere.com> writes:

> 
> So.  Let's say you are that company.  You have tens or hundreds of
> thousands of clients with millions or tens of millions of email
> addresses.
> [ ... ] 
> 
> What kind of system will make this all work with maximum success?
> Perfection is not a goal, it's not possible.  What's going to give
> optimal results?
> 
> 
> And don't say "confirmed opt-in".  That's a policy.  Maybe right,
> maybe wrong.  But anyone can say it.  How are you going to enforce
> compliance with the above list managers?

You raise some good points (most of which I've snipped).  However, I
will say "confirmed opt-in".  And I would enforce the compliance in
part by using complaints and DNSBL listings.


Actually, I will say "confirmed opt-in with yearly renewals".  Every
new list you get, you require all list members to "renew" their
subscription to the mailing list and they must continue to renew their
subscription every year or so.  Save these confirmations and renewals
so that if there is any dispute, you have something to show that you
are not sending unsolicited email.  Unlike initial subscriptions, I
think it would probably be reasonable to send maybe two emails about
the renewal.  Just like initial subscriptions, the renewal request
must not contain any advertising and the description of the mailing
list should be brief and approved by the bulk mailers.


Bulk mailers should get as many IP addresses as possible, preferably
some in different CIDR blocks.  New customers (not subscribers) with
their own lists would be put on "high risk" IP addresses that DNSBLs
may quickly blacklist.  As time passes and the number of emails sent
to the list increases without complaints, you can move the lists to
lower risk IP addresses.  How many different pools of risk levels you
need will have to be determined by experience.


Bulk emailers need to watch DNSBLs and abuse complaints very
carefully.  If complaints start coming from a particular mailing list,
then they need to moved into higher risk IP blocks or segregated into
an IP address by itself.


New customers should be required to physically sign a contract, and
place a "large" damage deposit which will be refunded when the mailing
list has reached a low enough risk category.  Maybe a $1000 +
$0.01/email deposit would work.


The bulk emailer could then almost advertise about how their low risk
customers are rarely, if ever, placed on DNSBLs.  Actually, this kind
of procedure would probably scare away most spammers also, so the bulk
emailer would mostly have to deal with people who don't quite
understand email rather than people who are outright trying to deceive
them.


Basically, I think that nothing really needs to be changed at the
technical level.  It is all a matter of bulk emailers implementing
policies that keep them out of trouble rather than send the most
email.

Some might complain that this type of system will cost a lot more
money, but I'm not so sure that is true.  The low risk lists will cost
the bulk emailer below average costs and they will probably be able to
charge above average fees and that can pay for the expense of making
sure the lists are clean.



-wayne




_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Subject: [Asrg] FTC Anti-spam conference update - Weds 4/30 sessions
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Date: Thu, 1 May 2003 11:31:08 -0400

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Hey Folks:

=20

Greetings from Washington DC, where today (May 1) is more reminiscent of
August 1 in terms of temp.

=20

Yesterday's FTC anti-spam conference was interesting to say the least.
Highlights?  Not many.

=20

The first session ('intro to spam') featured spammers from Empire Towers =
and
the head of the DMA Robert Wientzen, who was least well received for =
stating
that some commercial email was perfectly acceptable.  See the DM News
(www.dmnews.com <http://www.dmnews.com/> ) for Ken Magill's story about =
it.
Senators Burns and Wyden also spoke, introducing and explaining their =
bill
to the audience.

=20

The second session was more interesting ('email address gathering') and
featured presentations from Matthew Steele of Brightmail and Doug Mclean =
of
Postini.  Steele's presentation (the better of the two for being less
marketing and more technical) was a practical how to on how to collect =
email
addresses using harvesting tools such as "Power Email Verifier 2.1".  If =
I
were a novice spammer and wanted to learn the rudiments of directory
harvesting, this was a good presentation.  Also on the panel was a =
gentleman
named William Waggoner of AAW (who has heard of them?), who claimed that
Google sells traffic and generates pop-up ads.  The Google guy on the =
panel
(David DesJardins) and the audience got a kick out of that.  Despite
vigorous talk for 1.5 hours about Directory Harvesting, there were no
recommendations for what to do about it, other than coding email =
addresses
on sites with HTML or javascript and not 'mailto:' links.  No =
discussions of
legality of the process of harvesting.  Directory attacks also came up =
with
the sole recommendation that you should make your email address longer =
than
6 characters and not post it on Usenet.  Duh!  One panel member defended =
the
practice of using bounces for list cleaning purposes.

=20

The third session was titled 'Falsity in sending of spam' concerned the
intricacies - and to a very minor extent the legality - of falsifying
headers and other information.  This panel was led off by a presentation
from AOL's Margot Koschier (mgr antispam analysis and prevention) who
performed a demo using Telnet on how to falsify a message header.  =
Another
excellent how-to for the aspiring spammer.  Again in this panel, no
recommendations for action.  However, much wasted time spent discussing =
the
urban myth of not hitting unsubscribe within spam messages.  The panel =
had
apparently never heard of web beacons within HTML email.

=20

Right before the fourth session, NY's Senior Senator Chuck Schumer had =
an
impromptu news conference for his announcement of his anti-spam bill.  =
The
Senator's solution was to force all mailers of commercial mail (and no
distinction was made between spam and legitimate business =
communications) to
put 'ADV:' before the subject line.  Another cornerstone of his =
legislative
approach was extensive fines and even - gasp - jail time for spammers.  =
He
wants to establish a national 'Do Not Email' list as well.  And stated =
that
it would have 'military-quality encryption'.  No details on who would =
manage
this and how it would be utilized.  He also spoke out against directory
harvesting, fake subject line and reply addresses and non-functioning
unsubscribe links.  As anti-spam as everyone on this list is, from what =
I
heard in the Senator's brief presentation this is not practical nor =
likely
to be supported by either marketers or technically sophisticated =
anti-spam
zealots.

=20

The fourth session was titled 'Open Relays/Open Proxies/Form mail =
Scripts'.
This was an interesting session as it also offered some more how to's on =
how
to locate and exploit open proxies and relays.  Matt Sergeant of =
MessageLabs
put together a good presentation that described open proxies.  The =
consensus
if I remember correctly was that there are 400 new open relays each day =
and
many of these are outside of the US, especially in Korea.  Another
demonstration and explanation was given on setting up Zombie netblocks.  =
A
question was asked whether the government should get involved to close =
all
of the open relays and the answer was no. =20

=20

So far no solution to end spam.  However, the free cookies and bottled =
water
were a nice touch.

=20

Dave Hendricks

=20

Permission Technology

Suite 100

1261 Post Road

Fairfield CT, 06430

=20

203 254 7222 (voice)

203 254 9222 (fax)

917 833 2242 (mobile)

mailto:dave@permissiontechnology.com

www.permissiontechnology.com

=20


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<div class=3DSection1>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Hey Folks:</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Greetings from </span></font><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
  =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Washington</span></font><fon=
t
 size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font><font
  size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>DC</span></font><font
size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>, where
today (May 1) is more reminiscent of August 1 in terms of =
temp.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Yesterday&#8217;s FTC anti-spam conference was =
interesting
to say the least.&nbsp; Highlights?&nbsp; Not many.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>The first session (&#8216;<b><span =
style=3D'font-weight:bold'>intro
to spam</span></b>&#8217;) featured spammers from Empire Towers and the =
head of
the DMA Robert Wientzen, who was least well received for stating that =
some
commercial email was perfectly acceptable.&nbsp; See the DM News (<a
href=3D"http://www.dmnews.com/">www.dmnews.com</a>) for Ken =
Magill&#8217;s story
about it.&nbsp; Senators Burns and Wyden also spoke, introducing and =
explaining
their bill to the audience.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>The second session was more interesting =
(&#8216;<b><span
style=3D'font-weight:bold'>email address gathering&#8217;</span></b>) =
and
featured presentations from Matthew Steele of Brightmail and Doug Mclean =
of Postini.
&nbsp;Steele&#8217;s presentation (the better of the two for being less
marketing and more technical) was a practical how to on how to collect =
email
addresses using harvesting tools such as &#8220;Power Email Verifier =
2.1&#8221;.&nbsp;
If I were a novice spammer and wanted to learn the rudiments of =
directory harvesting,
this was a good presentation.&nbsp; Also on the panel was a gentleman =
named
William Waggoner of AAW (who has heard of them?), who claimed that =
Google sells
traffic and generates pop-up ads.&nbsp; The Google guy on the panel =
(David DesJardins)
and the audience got a kick out of that.&nbsp; Despite vigorous talk for =
1.5
hours about Directory Harvesting, there were no recommendations for what =
to do
about it, other than coding email addresses on sites with HTML or =
javascript
and not &#8216;mailto:&#8217; links.&nbsp; No discussions of legality of =
the
process of harvesting.&nbsp; Directory attacks also came up with the =
sole
recommendation that you should make your email address longer than 6 =
characters
and not post it on Usenet. &nbsp;Duh!&nbsp; One panel member defended =
the
practice of using bounces for list cleaning purposes.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>The third session was titled <b><span =
style=3D'font-weight:
bold'>&#8216;Falsity in sending of spam&#8217;</span></b> concerned the
intricacies - and to a very minor extent the legality &#8211; of =
falsifying
headers and other information.&nbsp; This panel was led off by a =
presentation
from AOL&#8217;s Margot Koschier (mgr antispam analysis and prevention) =
who
performed a demo using Telnet on how to falsify a message header.&nbsp; =
Another
excellent how-to for the aspiring spammer.&nbsp; Again in this panel, no
recommendations for action. &nbsp;However, much wasted time spent =
discussing
the urban myth of not hitting unsubscribe within spam messages.&nbsp; =
The panel
had apparently never heard of web beacons within HTML =
email.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Right before the fourth session, NY&#8217;s Senior =
Senator
Chuck Schumer had an impromptu news conference for his announcement of =
his
anti-spam bill.&nbsp; The Senator&#8217;s solution was to force all =
mailers of
commercial mail (and no distinction was made between spam and legitimate
business communications) to put &#8216;ADV:&#8217; before the subject
line.&nbsp; Another cornerstone of his legislative approach was =
extensive fines
and even &#8211; gasp &#8211; jail time for spammers.&nbsp; He wants to
establish a national &#8216;Do Not Email&#8217; list as well.&nbsp; And =
stated
that it would have &#8216;military-quality encryption&#8217;.&nbsp; No =
details
on who would manage this and how it would be utilized.&nbsp; He also =
spoke out
against directory harvesting, fake subject line and reply addresses and
non-functioning unsubscribe links.&nbsp; As anti-spam as everyone on =
this list
is, from what I heard in the Senator&#8217;s brief presentation this is =
not practical
nor likely to be supported by either marketers or technically =
sophisticated
anti-spam zealots.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>The fourth session was titled &#8216;<b><span
style=3D'font-weight:bold'>Open Relays/Open Proxies/Form mail =
Scripts</span></b>&#8217;.&nbsp;
This was an interesting session as it also offered some more how =
to&#8217;s on
how to locate and exploit open proxies and relays. &nbsp;Matt Sergeant =
of MessageLabs
put together a good presentation that described open proxies.&nbsp; The
consensus if I remember correctly was that there are 400 new open relays =
each
day and many of these are outside of the </span></font><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
  style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>US</span></font><font =
size=3D2
face=3DArial><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>, =
especially in </span></font><font
  size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Korea</span></font><font
size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>. &nbsp;Another
demonstration and explanation was given on setting up Zombie netblocks. =
&nbsp;A
question was asked whether the government should get involved to close =
all of
the open relays and the answer was no.&nbsp; </span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>So far no solution to end spam.&nbsp; However, the =
free
cookies and bottled water were a nice touch.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoAutoSig><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Dave Hendricks</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoAutoSig><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<div style=3D'border:none;border-top:solid windowtext =
1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>

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<p class=3DMsoAutoSig><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
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ology.com</a></span></font></p>

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From: Claus Assmann <ca+asrg@esmtp.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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Date: Thu, 1 May 2003 08:47:25 -0700

On Wed, Apr 30, 2003, Daniel Feenberg wrote:

> Wouldn't TLS traffic go via port 465 in most cases? I don't think any

No. I'm talking about STARTTLS, not smtps.

> of the proposals here are intended to regulate anything except port 25.
> 
> In any case, for TLS wouldn't you need explicit cooperation from the the
> remote MTA, in which case the pair of you could agree to use a port other

There is a standard, why do you want to invent something new?
It's hard enough to get people to use this standard, no need
to make it even more complicated...

> than 25. Or is there a way to use TLS when communicating with strangers?

Yes.  Please see RFC 2487 (SMTP Service Extension for Secure SMTP
over TLS).
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Date: Thu, 1 May 2003 07:01:28 -0700

Actually I find it rather difficult to accept the terms 'design' and smtp in
the same sentence without a negative inbetween.

Interpretation of ietf docments of the era are at best an exercise in
hermeneutics. I use the term advisedly since there is much that is not
written that is as important as that which is.

Do not ascribe to ignorance of others what may be due to your own lack of
knowledge. In this environment that type of talk is far more insulting than
anything else which may be said.

Rfc822 is a deeply flawed document. It was written in an ra when we did not
know better and it was writen in an era when rfc meant what it says. Rfcs
began not as standards but as the starting point for standards. But even so
it does not state that the to cc etc addresses mean other than what one
would assume them to mean.

My position is quite clear, he definitin of smtp is embedded in internet
usage. I would no more expect to be able to know the smtp spec from the rfcs
than I would expect to understand theology from reading the bible alone.


 -----Original Message-----
From: 	Vernon Schryver
Sent:	Thu May 01 06:30:59 2003
To:	asrg@ietf.org
Subject:	RE: [Asrg] A New Plan for No Spam / Velocity Indicator

> From: "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>

> Phill's document already points out that mailing lists are an exception
> which require exceptional treatment, so your "case in point" appears to be
> vacuous padding to try to fool us into thinking your message has more
> substance than it has.

He did not say that mailing list software should be changed, but in
effect said that all major past and current SMTP mailing list software
violates words in RFC 822 that do not exist.  In fact RFC 2822 not
only does not require that recipients be listed, but allows an MTA to
remove BCCs.  He probably made the mistake common among end users who
complain about spam not containing their addresses, because they do
not know about or understand the significance of the SMTP envelope.
If you have not spent much time fighting spam or SMTP servers in more
than their external configuration spam, it is easy to not know about
the SMTP envelope.


> As for the bcc case, I used to use an MUA which generated n+1 copies of
the
> body - 1 for each bcc recipient containing a bcc line with only that
> recipient, and one for all To and cc recipient containing no bcc line.
These
> were transmitted separately - multiple Rcpt To lines with one Data phase
for
> teh To and cc recipients, single Rcpt lines with a data phase for each bcc
> recipient. Since Phill is as much of an antique as I am, maybe he too
> remembers MUAs which did rather pleasant and intelligent things that
didn't
> conform to the modern desire for "efficiency" at all costs (even at the
cost
> of effectiveness) and maybe that's where theerrorneous statement comes
from.
> An easy mistake to make if you grew up with civilised MUAs.

I still use an MUA whose first version probably predates the MUA that
you are thinking of.  It sends a single copy with the BCC recipients
mentioned only in the envelope.  The only older UNIX MUA that I've used
of also sent only a single copy.  (Email systems I used before UNIX
were too different to mention.)  The MUA that I recall that did as you
describe was a fancy, "extensible," and "user friendly" package offered
as a replacement for those two older MUAs.  I've often wished that my
preferred MUA would do as you describe, because I've learned the hard
way the importance of preceding a BCC'ed message with another that says
something like "the following is a BCC so don't reply to all."


> >What discourages me most about this mailing list are self-described
> >expert statements such as "the RFC822 message standard requires every
> >message to have a valid To: CC: or BCC: field identifying the recipient,
> >making adjustment where necessary to account for messages relayed
> >through mailing lists."  There are obvious reasons why RFC 822 and
> >RFC 2822 do not require mailing list exploders to anything of the sort.
>
> Heavy protestations of knowledg and expertise which are clearly false
bother
> me too, but I also know the story about the pot and the kettle.

Are you sure you see all of the relevant applications of the pot and
kettle story?  Do you see some of the obvious reasons why RFC 822,
RFC 821, RFC 2822, and RFC 2821 do not contain the words that the
other person thought they do?  Did you check RFC 2822 on BCC headers?

Requiring that every message list the recipient in a To, CC, or BCC
header would require that the MTA serving the MUA that is the mailing
list exploder send each copy to the next hop MTA by a separate SMTP
transaction.  The exploder MUA might do as it does now, sending messages
to its MTA, each addressed to from 10, 100s, or perhaps 1000s of
targets, but unlike now, the MUA would add to message BCC headers for
each addressee in the batch.  To honor the blindness required of a
BCC (and the "Security Considerations" in RFC 2822), the MTA must
convert those individual batch messages into sparate messages.  Each
new message would contain a single BCC header mentioning a single
addressee, and would be handled in a separate SMTP transaction.
Alternatively, the exploder MUA could generate the separate messages,
each with a single BCC header.

Have you watched an SMTP client responsible for passing a modest (few
1000 subscribers) or larger mailing list, particularly on hardware
and networks more than 10 years old?   Mailing list subscribers have
always tended to be clustered on SMTP servers, even before big ISPs
like AOL.  Requiring separate transactions for each addressee would
increase the load on the system by 10 times.  I suspect that is why
sendmail at least as early as the mid-1980s was willing to sort by
next-hop and use a single SMTP transaction when possible.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Vernon Schryver'" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>,
        "'asrg@ietf.org'"
	 <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] A New Plan for No Spam / Velocity Indicator
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Date: Thu, 1 May 2003 07:01:28 -0700

Actually I find it rather difficult to accept the terms 'design' and smtp in
the same sentence without a negative inbetween.

Interpretation of ietf docments of the era are at best an exercise in
hermeneutics. I use the term advisedly since there is much that is not
written that is as important as that which is.

Do not ascribe to ignorance of others what may be due to your own lack of
knowledge. In this environment that type of talk is far more insulting than
anything else which may be said.

Rfc822 is a deeply flawed document. It was written in an ra when we did not
know better and it was writen in an era when rfc meant what it says. Rfcs
began not as standards but as the starting point for standards. But even so
it does not state that the to cc etc addresses mean other than what one
would assume them to mean.

My position is quite clear, he definitin of smtp is embedded in internet
usage. I would no more expect to be able to know the smtp spec from the rfcs
than I would expect to understand theology from reading the bible alone.


 -----Original Message-----
From: 	Vernon Schryver
Sent:	Thu May 01 06:30:59 2003
To:	asrg@ietf.org
Subject:	RE: [Asrg] A New Plan for No Spam / Velocity Indicator

> From: "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>

> Phill's document already points out that mailing lists are an exception
> which require exceptional treatment, so your "case in point" appears to be
> vacuous padding to try to fool us into thinking your message has more
> substance than it has.

He did not say that mailing list software should be changed, but in
effect said that all major past and current SMTP mailing list software
violates words in RFC 822 that do not exist.  In fact RFC 2822 not
only does not require that recipients be listed, but allows an MTA to
remove BCCs.  He probably made the mistake common among end users who
complain about spam not containing their addresses, because they do
not know about or understand the significance of the SMTP envelope.
If you have not spent much time fighting spam or SMTP servers in more
than their external configuration spam, it is easy to not know about
the SMTP envelope.


> As for the bcc case, I used to use an MUA which generated n+1 copies of
the
> body - 1 for each bcc recipient containing a bcc line with only that
> recipient, and one for all To and cc recipient containing no bcc line.
These
> were transmitted separately - multiple Rcpt To lines with one Data phase
for
> teh To and cc recipients, single Rcpt lines with a data phase for each bcc
> recipient. Since Phill is as much of an antique as I am, maybe he too
> remembers MUAs which did rather pleasant and intelligent things that
didn't
> conform to the modern desire for "efficiency" at all costs (even at the
cost
> of effectiveness) and maybe that's where theerrorneous statement comes
from.
> An easy mistake to make if you grew up with civilised MUAs.

I still use an MUA whose first version probably predates the MUA that
you are thinking of.  It sends a single copy with the BCC recipients
mentioned only in the envelope.  The only older UNIX MUA that I've used
of also sent only a single copy.  (Email systems I used before UNIX
were too different to mention.)  The MUA that I recall that did as you
describe was a fancy, "extensible," and "user friendly" package offered
as a replacement for those two older MUAs.  I've often wished that my
preferred MUA would do as you describe, because I've learned the hard
way the importance of preceding a BCC'ed message with another that says
something like "the following is a BCC so don't reply to all."


> >What discourages me most about this mailing list are self-described
> >expert statements such as "the RFC822 message standard requires every
> >message to have a valid To: CC: or BCC: field identifying the recipient,
> >making adjustment where necessary to account for messages relayed
> >through mailing lists."  There are obvious reasons why RFC 822 and
> >RFC 2822 do not require mailing list exploders to anything of the sort.
>
> Heavy protestations of knowledg and expertise which are clearly false
bother
> me too, but I also know the story about the pot and the kettle.

Are you sure you see all of the relevant applications of the pot and
kettle story?  Do you see some of the obvious reasons why RFC 822,
RFC 821, RFC 2822, and RFC 2821 do not contain the words that the
other person thought they do?  Did you check RFC 2822 on BCC headers?

Requiring that every message list the recipient in a To, CC, or BCC
header would require that the MTA serving the MUA that is the mailing
list exploder send each copy to the next hop MTA by a separate SMTP
transaction.  The exploder MUA might do as it does now, sending messages
to its MTA, each addressed to from 10, 100s, or perhaps 1000s of
targets, but unlike now, the MUA would add to message BCC headers for
each addressee in the batch.  To honor the blindness required of a
BCC (and the "Security Considerations" in RFC 2822), the MTA must
convert those individual batch messages into sparate messages.  Each
new message would contain a single BCC header mentioning a single
addressee, and would be handled in a separate SMTP transaction.
Alternatively, the exploder MUA could generate the separate messages,
each with a single BCC header.

Have you watched an SMTP client responsible for passing a modest (few
1000 subscribers) or larger mailing list, particularly on hardware
and networks more than 10 years old?   Mailing list subscribers have
always tended to be clustered on SMTP servers, even before big ISPs
like AOL.  Requiring separate transactions for each addressee would
increase the load on the system by 10 times.  I suspect that is why
sendmail at least as early as the mid-1980s was willing to sort by
next-hop and use a single SMTP transaction when possible.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com> 
   of "Thu, 01 May 2003 04:22:24 EDT." <04ce01c30fbc$286a4fb0$0201a8c0@DXHIRX1> 
References: <Law9-OE33L9NtDEJmGz00005925@hotmail.com> <p06000f48bad331d5c85c@[192.168.1.104]> <013301c30dc8$df22dc90$b1ad86a2@hirschk1> <p06000f03bad3830d616a@[192.168.1.104]> <01bd01c30e0a$4cc9c7e0$0201a8c0@DXHIRX1> <p06000f0bbad461bc7700@[192.168.1.104]> <Law9-OE53CcWNYgEj4v0000717c@hotmail.com> <p06000f21bad4a4da52dd@[192.168.1.104]> <02d401c30eaf$b5563fa0$0201a8c0@DXHIRX1> <p06000f28bad4e8301acc@[192.168.1.104]> <03cb01c30ed8$0acae620$0201a8c0@DXHIRX1> <200305010156.h411uoQM008784@new.agentzero.com>  <04ce01c30fbc$286a4fb0$0201a8c0@DXHIRX1> 
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Date: Thu, 01 May 2003 09:49:28 -0700

On Thu, 1 May 2003 04:22:24 -0400 
Ken Hirsch <kenhirsch@myself.com> wrote:
> From: "Jim Youll" <jim@media.mit.edu>

> I don't understand this objection.  You can send to the ISP's SMTP
> server at the same speed as you send to another SMTP server.

For me the problems with using a smarthost are:

  a) I can't guarantee delivery performance or behaviour.

  b) I don't have transparency into the delivery process and so don't
  know how, when, or two whom any particular mail was delivered.

I spend considerable time and effort on building fast mail systems and
would rather not throw that away on a smarthost of dubious provenance,
most especially when there is little motivation or interest on the ISP's
job to do a particularly good job there.  Further, it helps me offer a
superlative service when I have full delivery and log transparency.  I
somewhat regularly get contacted by third parties with, "Why am I not
getting my mail?", and the fact that I can reply in single digit minutes
with, "I delivered your mail to your MX at <address> at <time> without
problem and here are the logs to show it, it must be something at your
end..." is a great help.

  Amusingly this happens several times a year, and every time has been a
  broken spam filter (matching things like "money"), or MTA
  misconfiguration at their end that they were previously unaware of
  (Hey, we've been losing mail for weeks!).  

>> Further, why should an independent organization's e-mail policies be
>> subject to the wholly unrelated policies of an intermediate party?

> Because the current system is broken!

My car is currently broken (long story).  However, I'm not about to
revert to hansom cabs or a chauffeur just because I need a new petrol
fill-pipe vent valve (kinda dangerous, I get strong explosive-level
petrol fumes in the passenger cabin).

Translation: I'm convinced that we are dealing with Humpty Dumpty here.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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From: "Kee Hinckley" <nazgul@somewhere.com>
>
> >The actual impact of these changes is tiny.  So far people have
> >legitimately pointed
> >out:
> >1) Now, you can use TLS to the end server.
> >2) You get feedback from one hop later if you do the SMTP yourself.
>
> 3) You are talking about regulating the creation of at least three
> brand new industries that don't even exist right now.

Nonsense.  CAs already exist.  There are already both commercial and
nonprofit organizations that provide blacklists.  There already exist
companies like IronPort that work with TRUSTe.  It's not very different at
all.

> 4) You repeatedly ignore the cost issue--in fact, you don't even
> understand the current costs for services like those you describe,
> let alone what the potential costs would be.
>
> We keep telling you--based on our experience selling, supporting,
> writing and working with commercial email and commercial companies
> that this is not a trivial change.  Please explain how your real
> world experience differs.

Gee, I used to run our division's mail server that way.  Then the firewall
admins (off in another city) changed the rules without telling me.  It took
me a whole half hour to fix the problem so I forwarded through our corporate
SMTP server.  Wow, big deal.  I was pissed they didn't tell me in advance,
but hardship?  No.  It _was_ a trivial change, from my personal experience.

All you have said amounts to "we don't do it that way now."

I also have experience with the two _actual_ drawbacks anybody has
mentioned.
> >1) Now, you can use TLS to the end server.
> >2) You get feedback from one hop later if you do the SMTP yourself.
Our legal and technical staff (at the largest medical laboratory testing
company) determined that SMTP over TLS was not adequate to meet HIPAA
privacy regulations, but end-to-end S/MIME or PGP was.  They also determined
that SMTP by itself was inadequate to guarantee that a message was
delivered.  (S/MIME receipts would be, if they were widely available.)  I
completely agree with these decisions.

I checked on your claim that outgoing SMTP is some very limited, expensive
service to get from a third party.  Ha!  What I found was that practically
every web-hosting company throws it in for free.  Or, a company that
provides incoming mail services, "for Outgoing SMTP Service, add $10/year".

As to the cost of certificates, I don't know.  We should bring in people who
are knowledgeable about the procedures and costs for different kinds of
certificates.  It has to be compared to the cost of other solutions or doing
nothing at all.

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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A New Plan for No Spam / Velocity Indicator 
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Date: Thu, 01 May 2003 10:08:52 -0700

On Thu, 1 May 2003 07:26:18 -0600 (MDT) 
Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:

> Have you watched an SMTP client responsible for passing a modest (few
> 1000 subscribers) or larger mailing list, particularly on hardware and
> networks more than 10 years old?  

Yup, did that for years.

> Mailing list subscribers have always tended to be clustered on SMTP
> servers, even before big ISPs like AOL.  

The current distribution of target MXs is a lot different than the
picture 10 years ago.  For one, the total number of target MXes for the
same size list population is more than an order of magnitude higher
today.

What may be more interesting is that the distribution curve is now and
was then a pretty standard power curve.

> Requiring separate transactions for each addressee would increase the
> load on the system by 10 times.

Some research has been done on this space, in particular with an
attention to increasing delivery performance for mailing lists to
variously standard distributions of destination addresses.  Chuq von
Rospach did the most recent survey here that I'm aware of -- you can
find the numbers etc in the mailman-developers list archives.

  Loose summary as I recall them: The optimal number of RCPT TOs per
  message for best performance outbound delivery is approximately 5, and
  is most definitely below 10.

My own testing with my list's MX distribution (known to be highly
unusual as AOL+Hotmail+MSN+Yahoo form less than 3% of my subscriber base
rather than the normal ~30% of most lists) confirms that 5 is pretty
close to the sweet spot for me as well.

> I suspect that is why sendmail at least as early as the mid-1980s was
> willing to sort by next-hop and use a single SMTP transaction when
> possible.

I wouldn't hold Sendmail's design or approach up as any sort of
performance model.  It has only very recently come back to being even
close to par in delivery performance against Exim, QMail and Postfix,
and then thru only very large and invasive changes to the delivery
architecture.

Given a $2,000US commodity machine its just not that hard to sustain
2,500 outbound deliveries a minute these days.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>, "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Thu, 1 May 2003 12:44:02 -0400

At 10:34 -0400 5/1/03, Kee Hinckley wrote:

>What do you think these (currently non-existent) certificates would 
>cost?  On what basis do you make the assumption.

And still, what does "cost" mean across a collection of _every_ 
recognized currency and economy?

>Ask Phillip why personal certs with real identity checks aren't 
>readily available.  Never mind ones that guarantee that you aren't a 
>spammer.

I have to also ask, what in the world does it mean to be "a spammer". 
I've read here some comments about "no certificates to known 
spammers" etc... Now, the only parallels I can think of in the real 
world today, are things like:
	"no voting rights for convicted felons"
	"no gun sales to convicted felons"
	"no driver's license for convicted drunk drivers"

But these labels are not just created by committee - they're only 
applied to a person after participation in a pretty rigorous process 
of courts, self-defense, centuries of practice, and the massive legal 
system needed to support individual trials. How in the world would 
such a determination be made? By whom? Appeals? What about quickie 
corporations that can't be easily traced to one "evil" creator? 
Registrars that make mistakes? You can't invalidate all their certs - 
some legitimate parties will get snagged too - the "trojan horse" 
problem applied in a different way.

The easy solution to rules-by-fiat ordinarily comes via private 
property rights. But "the Internet" isn't a private corporation and 
so it isn't an option.

Would it not enough of an accomplishment to improve protocols to help 
make readily identifiable a point of origin of something undesirable, 
and to facilitate (but neither mandate nor strictly define at this 
level) a range of technological and social remedies?
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From: "Jim Youll" <jim@media.mit.edu>

> At 4:22 -0400 5/1/03, Ken Hirsch wrote:
> >I don't understand this objection.  You can send to the ISP's SMTP
> >server at the
> >same speed as you send to another SMTP server.
>
> Not exactly. My laptop can send mail to the in-house server at 10 to
> 100mbps. I close the lid and leave. The in-house server can batch the
> mail out in 30 minutes, at 128Kbps over ISDN to the destination.
>
> there's no benefit to adding another hop for the mail in the middle
> of all this.

And there's no disadvantage, either, as far as I can tell.

[...]
>
> Here we disagree. I think the trend is toward more of all kinds of
> servers, not less. Teasing out e-mail may solve one problem, or if
> the solution is not well liked, will just push users (and the same
> problems) onto other technologies. Already people are starting to
> have home media servers. Why would you NOT put e-mail in there too?

You can put your server there, no problem.  The only difference is that it
would send outgoing mail through the ISP's server instead of independently
routing to each recipient's SMTP server.  There would be no visible
difference to users.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email 
In-Reply-To: Message from J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu> 
   of "Thu, 01 May 2003 09:49:28 PDT." <26190.1051807768@kanga.nu> 
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Date: Thu, 01 May 2003 10:23:59 -0700

On Thu, 01 May 2003 09:49:28 -0700 
J C Lawrence <J> wrote:

> Translation: I'm convinced that we are dealing with Humpty Dumpty
> here.

Ooops.  that should be:

  Translation: I'm __NOT__ convinced that we are dealing with Humpty
  Dumpty here.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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To: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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Date: Thu, 1 May 2003 13:27:56 -0400

At 13:17 -0400 5/1/03, Ken Hirsch wrote:
>From: "Jim Youll" <jim@media.mit.edu>
>
>>  At 4:22 -0400 5/1/03, Ken Hirsch wrote:
>>  >I don't understand this objection.  You can send to the ISP's SMTP
>>  >server at the
>>  >same speed as you send to another SMTP server.
>>
>>  Not exactly. My laptop can send mail to the in-house server at 10 to
>>  100mbps. I close the lid and leave. The in-house server can batch the
>>  mail out in 30 minutes, at 128Kbps over ISDN to the destination.
>>
>>  there's no benefit to adding another hop for the mail in the middle
>>  of all this.
>
>And there's no disadvantage, either, as far as I can tell.

JC Lawrence has identified two problems, the most fundamental for me as
well, being an added and unnecessary reliance on someone else's machine
of unknown capacity, that's subject to unknown external forces...

>  > Here we disagree. I think the trend is toward more of all kinds of
>>  servers, not less. Teasing out e-mail may solve one problem, or if
>>  the solution is not well liked, will just push users (and the same
>>  problems) onto other technologies. Already people are starting to
>>  have home media servers. Why would you NOT put e-mail in there too?
>
>You can put your server there, no problem.  The only difference is that it
>would send outgoing mail through the ISP's server instead of independently
>routing to each recipient's SMTP server.  There would be no visible
>difference to users.

Well I guess I just don't like your idea, then. It just seems too
arbitrary and specific to a particular protocol working in a particular
(common but NOT universal) way. Nothing else works that way, and this
teaches us nothing about spam-to-IM, spam-to-phones, etc that are all
messaging-based problems, or the new problems created when a third party
is imposed where it isn't needed... legal problems, performance problems,
support issues...

I believe the correct outcomes of this group's work should not be about
how to use SMTP, but how to use technology to create solutions to spam
that _generalize_ to messaging.
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To: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
cc: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email 
In-Reply-To: Message from Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu> 
   of "Thu, 01 May 2003 13:27:56 EDT." <200305011729.h41HTjQI005172@new.agentzero.com> 
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Date: Thu, 01 May 2003 10:55:45 -0700

On Thu, 1 May 2003 13:27:56 -0400 
Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu> wrote:

> I believe the correct outcomes of this group's work should not be
> about how to use SMTP, but how to use technology to create solutions
> to spam that _generalize_ to messaging.

<sound of wild raucous supportive cheering>

Umm, why yes!

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A New Plan for No Spam / Velocity Indicator 
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Date: Thu, 01 May 2003 11:20:30 -0700

At 10:08 AM 5/1/03 -0700, J C Lawrence wrote:
>On Thu, 1 May 2003 07:26:18 -0600 (MDT) 
>Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
>> Mailing list subscribers have always tended to be clustered on SMTP
>> servers, even before big ISPs like AOL.  
>
>The current distribution of target MXs is a lot different than the
>picture 10 years ago.  For one, the total number of target MXes for the
>same size list population is more than an order of magnitude higher
>today.
>
>What may be more interesting is that the distribution curve is now and
>was then a pretty standard power curve.
>

I would like to add that Moore's law has been quite accurate in
the last 10 years, adding approximately 2 orders of magnitude to
our ability to process mail in the same period.

The user base is not now, nor has it ever expanded at the same rate
as the technology.  (if it had, then SF lovers digest would still be
clobbering us today.)

In other words, I don't think we should rule out proposals that require 
greater network or computer time than was available 10 years ago.
Nor for that matter would a proposal that required more power than
we have /now/ be necessarily ruled out (at least, not by me) 
since it's going to take a long time to get people to switch over.

Of course, increasing bandwidth isn't good, so if a proposal requires
more bandwidth (or computing power or whatever), then it should give
us something worthwhile.

I haven't been keeping close track on this thread, could somebody
post a summary (or point me to an existing summary) of what the 
supposed benefits and penalties of this proposal are?

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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From: "Jim Youll" <jim@media.mit.edu>
> Well I guess I just don't like your idea, then. It just seems too
> arbitrary and specific to a particular protocol working in a particular
> (common but NOT universal) way. Nothing else works that way, and this
> teaches us nothing about spam-to-IM, spam-to-phones, etc that are all
> messaging-based problems, or the new problems created when a third party
> is imposed where it isn't needed... legal problems, performance problems,
> support issues...

I think any general solution will depend on identity verification, which is
a key part of my plan.  Anything else has to build on that.  And I think
that the PKI is a firmer foundation than, say, DNS, for doing identity
verification.

I'm not sure what you mean by "nothing else works that way."  Certainly
telephones work that way.  Your local phone company is responsible for
identifying you, billing you, and investigating complaints against you.
Your phone does not directly contact the phone of the person your are
calling.  It does not even contact the local exchange switch of the person
you are calling.  In a long distance call, there are generally _three_ other
companies involved.

I haven't been following IM interoperability, but doesn't IM work more like
the telephone system and less like SMTP?
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From: "David Koblas" <koblas@mailfrontier.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <Pine.LNX.4.33.0304300926360.25674-100000@ttul.org> <Law9-OE55CWbzwWJv3z0000894b@hotmail.com> <05e501c30fc7$2338cf20$0201a8c0@DXHIRX1>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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I've been reading this discussion for a while and I have one core question,
which is why is this an "antispam certificate".  At the end of the day,
we've all got a slightly different idea of what is and isn't acceptable as a
message (yes, there is a very large common ground).

Why not focus on Verifiable/Validated senders and let other systems worry
about the policy for specific senders.  It strikes me that it would be easy
to have a system that adds a single new header "ValidatedSender:
user@isp.com; ...stuff including signature..."  Then other systems could
make a policy decision based on that _verifiable_ header.

This header could/would be inserted at the ISP level, rather than the MUA
level, provided they believed in the senders authenticity (via trust based
systems, SMTP AUTH, etc.).

David
--koblas


----- Original Message -----
From: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, May 01, 2003 2:49 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email


> Gah! I forgot one other important advantage of my proposal.  End users can
get
> certificates and use them with current MUA software.  That way they won't
be subject
> to challenge-response even if they have to send through a
non-participating SMTP
> server.  The free certificates that just certify your email address would
not be
> acceptable, but the certificates don't have to be out of reach of
individuals.
> There has to be some real effort to check real-world identity, plus, as I
said in
> another message:
>
> A certificate that provides strong identity (e.g. government-issued) is
> not by itself sufficient as an antispam certificate.  A CA would have
> to (1) check it against a database of known spammers (2) get the person
> to sign a contract  to abide by a set of antispam policies and (3) have
> a set of procedures to handle complaints against the person (including
> reporting the person to the database if they do not cooperate).
>
>
> > From: "Ken Simpson" <ksimpson@ttul.org>
> > > Instead of certificates, why not just use the Bonded Sender approach
and
> > > use PTR queries to a whitelist DNS server or group of servers? A quick
DNS
> > > query is less intensive than cryptography and requires less
programming.
> > > Besides, running a CA is a huge undertaking.
> >
> > This is a possibility.  A DNS query may be less computationally
intensive,
> > but I think it takes more time.  A DNS query would avoid the byte
overhead
> > of a message signature.
> >
> > The advantage of cryptographic signatures is they prove that the message
was
> > sent by the holder of the private key.  This helps prevent malicious
> > complaints against a bonded sender.
> >
> > There are already CAs.  I think that they would work with an
organization
> > such as TRUSTe rather than try to handle complaints themselves.  They
could
> > work with more than one organization.  The exact details about
certificate
> > signing and revocation would need to be worked out.
> >
> > Other differences of my proposal from the Bonded Sender approach--
> >   More than one policy  could be chosen.  Getting consensus on just one
is
> > hard.
> >   Participating servers should require a challenge-response on all mail
from
> > non-participating servers.
> >   Labeling properties of individual messages and senders is encouraged.
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>

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To: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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Date: Thu, 1 May 2003 15:40:25 -0400

At 1:07 PM -0400 5/1/03, Ken Hirsch wrote:
>From: "Kee Hinckley" <nazgul@somewhere.com>
>>
>>  >The actual impact of these changes is tiny.  So far people have
>>  >legitimately pointed
>>  >out:
>>  >1) Now, you can use TLS to the end server.
>>  >2) You get feedback from one hop later if you do the SMTP yourself.
>>
>>  3) You are talking about regulating the creation of at least three
>>  brand new industries that don't even exist right now.
>
>Nonsense.  CAs already exist.  There are already both commercial and
>nonprofit organizations that provide blacklists.  There already exist
>companies like IronPort that work with TRUSTe.  It's not very different at
>all.

CAs exist, but they do nowhere near the validation you want them 
too--and they virtually never revoke a certificate.  It took me three 
weeks to hear back from my CA *how* to revoke a certificate that I 
*wanted* revoked--and they had no standard mechanism to do it.  They 
certainly aren't set up to do dispute resolutions or any of that.

Existing blacklists have way too many false positives to be used 
without careful editing, and there is only one commercial one that 
I'm aware of.  Again--they don't have anywhere near the scope that 
you are looking for.

The third industry I was thinking of was outsourced outbound email. 
The only simple one I know of is SMTP.com.  $50/year/account--rate 
limited to 50 messages a day.  Not going to send too many sales 
newsletters out on that.

The group you are ignoring are the medium sized businesses.  They 
can't afford what you're pushing.  You need to either make your certs 
so airtight that a spammer can't simply create a new business every 
month and get a new one, or else so expensive that the spammer can't 
afford one.

As for your "it's easy" statements.  They all deal with technical 
issues.  Not business and political issues.  Most companies do *not* 
like to outsource mission critical technology.  You like phone 
comparisons.  Compare the market for in-house phone systems to 
outsourced (to the phone company) systems.  WHich is larger.  Why?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Dave Hendricks asrg@permissiontechnology.com wrote:
> The consensus if I remember correctly was that there are 400 new open
relays
> each day and many of these are outside of the US, especially in Korea.

Which is why a server whitelist is needed.  I think my system is more
flexible and secure than a DNS-based system, which seems to be the main
alternative.


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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A New Plan for No Spam / Velocity Indicator
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Date: Thu, 1 May 2003 14:07:39 -0600 (MDT)

> From: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>

> ...
> > Requiring separate transactions for each addressee would increase the
> > load on the system by 10 times.

> ...
>   Loose summary as I recall them: The optimal number of RCPT TOs per
>   message for best performance outbound delivery is approximately 5, and
>   is most definitely below 10.

Ok, requiring separate transactions would increase the load by 5 times.

> ...
> Given a $2,000US commodity machine its just not that hard to sustain
> 2,500 outbound deliveries a minute these days.

Agreed, today the CPU and disk costs are far lower.  However, if you 
can run 2,500 outbound deliveries/minute at 5 addressees/transaction,
you'll only be able to run 500/minute at 1 addressee/transaction.

If each transaction involves a 5 KByte body and an ignored ~200 bytes
of SMTP commands and TCP/IP headers, then a T1 can carry about 38
deliveries/second or 2280 deliveries/minute.  That does not quite jibe
with 2500 deliveres/minute at 5 addressees/delivery, but it's the
right order of magnitude.  Perhaps the fact that I ignored DNS traffic
as as the TCP/IP headers and SMTP commands and responses is part of
the discrepancy.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Thu, 1 May 2003 14:24:46 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> ...
> Interpretation of ietf docments of the era are at best an exercise in
> hermeneutics. I use the term advisedly since there is much that is not
> written that is as important as that which is.

We disagree about whether SMTP had more or less real "designing" than mail
protocols proposed in the last few years, not to mention the last few
weeks.  I agree that x.400 had more "designing" than SMTP, but I think
"designing" that was what made x.400 the catastrophic mess that it was.

> Do not ascribe to ignorance of others what may be due to your own lack of
> knowledge. In this environment that type of talk is far more insulting than
> anything else which may be said.

that's good advice

> Rfc822 is a deeply flawed document. It was written in an ra when we did not
> know better and it was writen in an era when rfc meant what it says. Rfcs
> began not as standards but as the starting point for standards. But even so
> it does not state that the to cc etc addresses mean other than what one
> would assume them to mean.
>
> My position is quite clear, he definitin of smtp is embedded in internet
> usage. I would no more expect to be able to know the smtp spec from the rfcs
> than I would expect to understand theology from reading the bible alone.

Your position seems to be whatever was meant by the words 

]  The RFC822 message standard requires every message to have a valid
]  To: CC: or BCC: field identifying the recipient, making adjustment
]  where necessary to account for messages relayed mailing lists

There is no apparent interpretation of those words that is consistent
with either RFC 822 that "meant what it says" or in practice then or
now.

The common proposals, suggestions, or demands that RFC headers should
include the target address (the demands are usually about a single
address) are founded on ignorance of the SMTP envelope and ignorance
of that technical ignorance.  Once you know the SMTP envelope exists,
you see that adding a header that duplicates the envelope would be a
waste of bandwidth conveying no information but adding a new potential
error or at least confusing case.  The information conveyed by a BCC
header mentioning the target address would be only "this message was
explicitly or implicitly BCC'ed to you."  That information is already
conveyed by the combination of your address being absent from CC and
TO headers and the presenced of your address in the envelope.

Never mind that that the last Received header ought to and generally does
contain the envelope or target's address except when there is more than
one target so that listing any target can be a privacy/security problem.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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On May 1, 2003 at 00:29 maex-lists-spam-ietf-asrg@Space.Net (Markus Stumpf) wrote:
 > I don't see why we, as an ISP, or our customer should pay for the emails
 > to be delivered to other ISPs, ASPs, ...

Because that's a generally acceptable way to deal with scaling issues
such as sending out millions of newsletters. The other choice is that
the recipient is paying, why is that more fair (particularly in the
case of bulk commercial email)?

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*
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To: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>
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Date: Thu, 1 May 2003 15:50:22 -0400

At 2:52 PM -0400 5/1/03, Ken Hirsch wrote:
>telephones work that way.  Your local phone company is responsible for
>identifying you, billing you, and investigating complaints against you.

They identify your address.  That's about it.  They don't even 
guarantee the name in the phone book.  And complaints typically 
require court intervention.  And they certainly don't check to make 
sure that you've never been accused of making unsolicited phone calls 
in the past.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Thu, 1 May 2003 14:51:04 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>

> ...
> I think any general solution will depend on identity verification, which is
> a key part of my plan.  Anything else has to build on that. ...

That is a religious view in the sense that it is based on unquestioned
and unquestionable assumptions or axioms that cannot be reconciled
with the differing religious views or axioms behind SMTP.  You assume
that accepting mail from perfect strangers is not worthwhile, but SMTP
is built on the opposite assumption.

You would do better address that underlying difference and consider
its implications.

You probably do not agree that your view denies the value of mail from
strangers, but it follows from the fact that a stranger even in the
CA business cannot verify the identity of a stranger that wants to
send you mail.   You cannot trust a stranger's assurance that the
message your software is about to receive from a second stranger is
not also being sent to 30,000,000 of your friends.

A oddity is that the modifications to Internet mail that you propose
are not required to eliminate that troublesome mail from strangers.
You don't need new CAs or anything else to avoid all mail from strangers.

A smaller but still insurmountable problem is that the CAs that are
not strangers (e.g. Verisign) cannot be trusted to revoke, or through
no fault of their own, be able to revoke certificates.  You have
mentioned having on the order of 1000 CAs.  By coincidence that is
same order of magnitude as the number of ICANN or otherwise certified
domain name registrars.  You cannot trust domain registrars to follow
their own announced, official policies for revoking registrations of
spammers (when they have such polices) or the policies they are required
by ICANN to have to require valid contact information.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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On April 30, 2003 at 22:34 meta@pobox.com (mathew) wrote:
 > I'm pretty sure Barry Shein does. Perhaps he could chime in on whether 
 > that's just an empty threat, though.

I have in the past charged customers for spam cleanup tho we haven't
had a real* spamming incident arising from here in years

 > >  Why? Because the customer simply disputes the charge, and then you're 
 > > off to court to try and get $500.  You can't win that game.

A merchant can dispute a dispute if they are willing to provide
evidence that the dispute is fraudulent and otherwise follow-up.

It's harder if the merchant doesn't have a signed slip, and they're
still not likely to get the money from the card co. But if the card
company sees it the merchant's way the card is likely to be cancelled
immediately, presumably with an entry in the mystical all-knowing
credit db, and of course the merchant is still free to pursue the
money by other means tho I agree that's rarely worthwhile for small
amts.

* by non-real I am referring to stuff like joe jobs or people
complaining that they'd been "spammed" by a mailing list they'd
clearly signed up for, stuff like that happens.)

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*
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To: "'Tom Thomson'" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>,
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] A New Plan for No Spam / Velocity Indicator
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Ok forget he said she said

I beleive that mtas should not accept bcc mail except from mailing lists
that advertise as such and close parties.

I dfine a close party as anyone I have exchangd mail with recently, anyone
in verisign.com.

We are talking about making it more expensive for spammers. Stopping them
from using this feature is one of the lowes impact restrictions we can make.

Phill


 -----Original Message-----
From: 	Tom Thomson
Sent:	Thu May 01 03:56:34 2003
To:	asrg@ietf.org
Subject:	RE: [Asrg] A New Plan for No Spam / Velocity Indicator

>Note that contrary that document, it generally makes no sense to talk
>about valid BCC fields in incoming legitimate mail.  See page 37 of
>RFC 2822.  I wouldn't be surprised if SpamAssassin treats a BCC
>header as evidence of evil, because I can't recall ever seeing one
>except in spam.  More important and also contrary to that document,
>RFC 822 and RFC 2822 do *NOT* require that every incoming message name
>the receipient in any SMTP header.  Most legitimate mailing list
>messags are cases in point.

Phill's document already points out that mailing lists are an exception
which require exceptional treatment, so your "case in point" appears to be
vacuous padding to try to fool us into thinking your message has more
substance than it has.
As for the bcc case, I used to use an MUA which generated n+1 copies of the
body - 1 for each bcc recipient containing a bcc line with only that
recipient, and one for all To and cc recipient containing no bcc line. These
were transmitted separately - multiple Rcpt To lines with one Data phase for
teh To and cc recipients, single Rcpt lines with a data phase for each bcc
recipient. Since Phill is as much of an antique as I am, maybe he too
remembers MUAs which did rather pleasant and intelligent things that didn't
conform to the modern desire for "efficiency" at all costs (even at the cost
of effectiveness) and maybe that's where theerrorneous statement comes from.
An easy mistake to make if you grew up with civilised MUAs.

>What discourages me most about this mailing list are self-described
>expert statements such as "the RFC822 message standard requires every
>message to have a valid To: CC: or BCC: field identifying the recipient,
>making adjustment where necessary to account for messages relayed
>through mailing lists."  There are obvious reasons why RFC 822 and
>RFC 2822 do not require mailing list exploders to anything of the sort.

Heavy protestations of knowledg and expertise which are clearly false bother
me too, but I also know the story about the pot and the kettle.

Tom

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From: "David Koblas" <koblas@mailfrontier.com>
> I've been reading this discussion for a while and I have one core
question,
> which is why is this an "antispam certificate".  At the end of the day,
> we've all got a slightly different idea of what is and isn't acceptable as
a
> message (yes, there is a very large common ground).
>
> Why not focus on Verifiable/Validated senders and let other systems worry
> about the policy for specific senders.  It strikes me that it would be
easy
> to have a system that adds a single new header "ValidatedSender:
> user@isp.com; ...stuff including signature..."  Then other systems could
> make a policy decision based on that _verifiable_ header.

By itself, it doesn't mean anything.  Every spammer will insert it on their
own and send through an open relay.  A spammer could have 10,000 accounts on
hotmail and each one would be a legitimate hotmail account.
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Maybe I didn't explain myself fully.

The basic idea is that at the moment we _cannot_ trust any content that is
in an SMTP session (ok, maybe the originating IP address, but that a TCP
thing).  If there was a way in which a single header that would indicate the
true sender of a message, or resender for mailing lists, then systems could
be build which utilize this basic piece of validated information.

In the simplistic case, I cannot whitelist/blacklist any sender or domain
because it's possible to forge this information into a message or envelope.
While a spammer could get their own certificate and sign 100,000 email
messages, it does cause them to both expend time/energy/money in doing so
and also provides a way in which large quantities of messages can be
refused/deleted based on the ability to validate the sender.  You could also
have simple systems that if the sender is "new" that the message is deferred
for some period of time before it's delivered, thus letting probe accounts
create decisions about the message prior to it's final delivery.

David,
--koblas

From: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>
> From: "David Koblas" <koblas@mailfrontier.com>
> > I've been reading this discussion for a while and I have one core
> question,
> > which is why is this an "antispam certificate".  At the end of the day,
> > we've all got a slightly different idea of what is and isn't acceptable
as
> a
> > message (yes, there is a very large common ground).
> >
> > Why not focus on Verifiable/Validated senders and let other systems
worry
> > about the policy for specific senders.  It strikes me that it would be
> easy
> > to have a system that adds a single new header "ValidatedSender:
> > user@isp.com; ...stuff including signature..."  Then other systems could
> > make a policy decision based on that _verifiable_ header.
>
> By itself, it doesn't mean anything.  Every spammer will insert it on
their
> own and send through an open relay.  A spammer could have 10,000 accounts
on
> hotmail and each one would be a legitimate hotmail account.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>

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>I would like to add that Moore's law has been quite accurate in
>the last 10 years, adding approximately 2 orders of magnitude to
>our ability to process mail in the same period.

Although the portions of the systems subject to Moore's law helps
there are critical components which have not improved much at all in
the same time period.

For example, disk speed isn't all that much faster today than it was
10 years ago. Where CPUs have improved by about 1000-fold, disk has
improved maybe 10-fold or so, and mechanically much less (1993,
3600RPM, 2003, 7200-10,000RPM, seek times have barely changed at all
remaining in the single-digit ms range, albeit cheaper.)

So, unless you're crunching numbers which all fit in memory, Moore's
law is not a reasonable gauge of e-mail processing improvement. And
often this sort of processing can only proceed as fast as its weakest
link, which is likely to be disk speed.

Cheaper RAM enabling much more aggressive and accurate caching of
course clouds this picture somewhat.

But to imply that because CPUs have gone from 1MHZ to 3GHZ that we can
now process 3000x as much mail is unsupportable and misleading.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
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> From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>

>  > I don't see why we, as an ISP, or our customer should pay for the emails
>  > to be delivered to other ISPs, ASPs, ...
>
> Because that's a generally acceptable way to deal with scaling issues
> such as sending out millions of newsletters. The other choice is that
> the recipient is paying, why is that more fair (particularly in the
> case of bulk commercial email)?

What's "fair" got to do with it?  You said repeatedly earlier that
all that matters is what market wants and is willing to pay for.

As I understand it, your reasoning implies that AOL would never have
joined the Internet years ago but would have stayed separate.  After
all, AOL had all of those users that everyone on the Internet would
be eager to pay to reach.  I've the impression that for years AOL
thought that was valid reasoning.  Are you saying that spam is such
a serious problem that major ISPs will be able to stuff the Internet
back into the big-BBS model?  If so, I disagree.  I think that the
idea of point-to-point applications including for email has irrevocably
replaced the world that gave us European style PTTs, U.S. style Ma
Bell, and the big BBSs of AOL, Compuserve, and Prodigy.

I do agree that money will eventually be invoked to control (but not
fix) the spam problem.  My long standing prediction is that eventually
governments will tax commercial bulk email, but not political or
"non-profit" bulk mail (whether spam or not).  The tax will be sold
to consumers as "providing universal service," "closing the digital
divide," "protecting our children from porn spam," and "infrastructure
upgrades to fight terrorism" (i.e. pay for the FBI's wet dreams of
point-and-click remote wire taps).   Failure to pay the $0.01 to
$0.05/addressee tax will be a felony.  Half of the money will go to
the bureacracy that counts the money and chases tax evaders.  The
other half will be given to ISPs that agree to play the game.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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>>1:    Actually, I will say "confirmed opt-in with yearly renewals".  Every

>A:	This is not going to happen.  Marketers spend many years and many
>dollars to build legitimate lists through their websites and POS and they
>will not voluntarily chop it in half just because someone didn't 're-up'.

Sites like ours block sources which generate more than some threshold
of "User unknowns" w/in some short time-frame so although you're right
the downside is that those marketers will just find themselves blocked
entirely, in our case in real-time.

>This
>approach is not practical and has no chance of being adopted.  

I think given the above, that more and more ISPs will only allow you
so many (perhaps a small percentage) of user unknowns and then boom
you're blocked I suspect the idea takes on a more practical value.

>7.	Some might complain that this type of system will cost a lot more
>money, but I'm not so sure that is true.  The low risk lists will cost
>the bulk emailer below average costs and they will probably be able to
>charge above average fees and that can pay for the expense of making
>sure the lists are clean.
>
>A:  The email marketing business is highly competitive, making this final
>assertion/suggestion also less than practical.

Again, add some automatic blocking based on too many user unknowns and
the email marketing business might sprout some IQ points, or go away.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*
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> From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>

>  > I'm pretty sure Barry Shein does. Perhaps he could chime in on whether 
>  > that's just an empty threat, though.
>
> I have in the past charged customers for spam cleanup tho we haven't
> had a real* spamming incident arising from here in years
> ...

My code book says that translates into the observation that contrary
to some claims, ISPs that really care about stopping spam do not
have spam problems.  An alternate idiom is that the Internet is
segregating itself into spam-friendly and spam-hostile neighborhoods
with various sorts of filtering robots manning the barricades.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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Date: Thu, 1 May 2003 16:30:09 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "David Koblas" <koblas@mailfrontier.com>

> ...
> The basic idea is that at the moment we _cannot_ trust any content that is
> in an SMTP session (ok, maybe the originating IP address, but that a TCP
> thing).  If there was a way in which a single header that would indicate the
> true sender of a message, or resender for mailing lists, then systems could
> be build which utilize this basic piece of validated information.
> ...

Why does it matter that the IP address is a TCP thing instead of
an SMTP thing?  What is the difficulty in using TCP things in SMTP?
(none that I can see)

What is the difference between the "true sender" (whatever that is)
and whatever you get from the IP address, and why do you care? 
(I see differences, but none that could be effective for fighting
spam in the real world.)


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A New Plan for No Spam / Velocity Indicator
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Date: Thu, 1 May 2003 16:42:36 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>

> ...
> But to imply that because CPUs have gone from 1MHZ to 3GHZ that we can
> now process 3000x as much mail is unsupportable and misleading.

It's also in a sense true.  The volumes of mail are processed today
for reasonable costs are 3000X higher than the volumes of the era when
CPUs ran at single digit MHz.  Tolerable mail volumes have gone up by
100X since the more recent days when CPUs ran at 10s of MHz.  10,000,000
mail messages/day is a lot today but no more remarkable than 100,000 mail
messages/day were 10 years ago.

Of course, the change is related much less to CPU clock speeds than
file system speeds.  Disk drives have not become more than 50 or 100
times faster in that last 40 years (e.g. "big" and "fast" Data Products
drives of the early 1960's served ~50 MByte at 100-300 milliseconds
seek times), but file systems are running 1000 or 10,000 times faster
than they were 15 years ago.    In the late 1980's, 1 MByte/sec through
read() or write() was respectable.  Today you get yawns for 10
GBytes/sec.  The changes are not in seek (head motion) or search
(rotational delay) times, but in transfer times and in the number of
spindles.  Years ago very fancy "drums" had a few dozen heads.  Today
a fast storage system will have more than that many drives acting like
one super fast drive thanks to in part to 1000 times more bits in RAM
cache than ancient drives had in spinning iron oxide.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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On May 1, 2003 at 15:38 vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com (Vernon Schryver) wrote:
 > > From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
 > 
 > >  > I don't see why we, as an ISP, or our customer should pay for the emails
 > >  > to be delivered to other ISPs, ASPs, ...
 > >
 > > Because that's a generally acceptable way to deal with scaling issues
 > > such as sending out millions of newsletters. The other choice is that
 > > the recipient is paying, why is that more fair (particularly in the
 > > case of bulk commercial email)?
 > 
 > What's "fair" got to do with it?  You said repeatedly earlier that
 > all that matters is what market wants and is willing to pay for.

It's a colloqualism? It's a reflexive response to "why?"

At any rate, the point is that mail will be paid for. If we simplify
that to either the Sender pays or the Recipient pays then arguing that
it's not right (fair?) to make the sender pays leaves us with the
recpient paying.

Now we can discuss which of those two is the right thing.

What I said earlier was the market would set the specific price of any
new regimen, in answer to someone asking me what the pricing would be
(for sender-pays mail.)

To some extent a new pricing discipline does have to show some
superficial amount of "fairness" if one expects the legal system to
enforce contracts. For starters it has to be agreed that it's legal,
but there's more involved (e.g. anti-trust considerations.)

But that begs the question, somewhat.

However, what a new pricing discipline does not necessarily have to do
is withstand nit-picking scrutiny from people who were previously
getting the same service for (more or less) free.

I wouldn't ask a spammer, e.g., whether it seemed reasonable to charge
for sending spam. etc.

 > As I understand it, your reasoning implies that AOL would never have
 > joined the Internet years ago but would have stayed separate.  After
 > all, AOL had all of those users that everyone on the Internet would
 > be eager to pay to reach.  I've the impression that for years AOL
 > thought that was valid reasoning.  Are you saying that spam is such
 > a serious problem that major ISPs will be able to stuff the Internet
 > back into the big-BBS model?  If so, I disagree.  I think that the
 > idea of point-to-point applications including for email has irrevocably
 > replaced the world that gave us European style PTTs, U.S. style Ma
 > Bell, and the big BBSs of AOL, Compuserve, and Prodigy.

You use a lot of loaded terms here, specifically to portray these
ideas as inherently retrograde.

I don't think that imposing a pricing model on bulk e-mailers is
tautological with morphing into 1980's style BBS's.

I do think that in the email world "point to point" is dying a rapid
and painful death. For example, consider large ISPs who now block port
25 entirely.

Ah well, it was a nice idea. Being able to create an account from the
login prompt on ITS at MIT was a nice idea, but...hmm, actually you
can create an acct from our login prompt...

 > I do agree that money will eventually be invoked to control (but not
 > fix) the spam problem.  My long standing prediction is that eventually
 > governments will tax commercial bulk email, but not political or
 > "non-profit" bulk mail (whether spam or not).  The tax will be sold
 > to consumers as "providing universal service," "closing the digital
 > divide," "protecting our children from porn spam," and "infrastructure
 > upgrades to fight terrorism" (i.e. pay for the FBI's wet dreams of
 > point-and-click remote wire taps).   Failure to pay the $0.01 to
 > $0.05/addressee tax will be a felony.  Half of the money will go to
 > the bureacracy that counts the money and chases tax evaders.  The
 > other half will be given to ISPs that agree to play the game.

I think it's going to be difficult to tax something which isn't priced
though I'd agree that if the ISPs began charging for bulk email (e.g.)
the govt would probably soon tax it, they can't resist a clanging cash
register, or conversely if the govt ever required the ISPs to account
for bulk email (to assess taxation) the ISPs would quickly come up
with the idea of adding their own charge to that same data.

But it's not the worst fate if it brings sanity to this mess.

I'll make my own prediction:

If something doesn't happen to reflect mail volume back into the
income for ISPs email will in a few years be owned by the RBOCs as
everyone else exits or bankrupts out of the business, and the RBOCs
will just merge it into SMS and charge you 15 cents per message for
every single msg.

Choose your nightmare.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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Moore's law describes the growth of transistor density over time.

What has increased the volume of mail volume processing is the
dramatic fall in price of processing. A single-MIPS machine used to be
half-million dollars, now a 3GHZ machine is around one thousand
dollars, and that includes all the system components (disk, ram, etc)
in both examples.

Since mail is reasonably distributed in nature that dramatic drop in
price allows one to have 100 mail servers all working in (relative)
unison and approximately additive capacity.

However, Moore's law per se would have been satisfied if that
half-million dollar machine were still $500K, but had increased from
1MHZ to 3GHZ.

So something else has occurred, albeit arguably related to Moore's Law
if you impose a price per computron per pound rule (thus higher
transistor density should come down in price.)

I guess the two, exponentially faster/denser hardware and price drops,
have become closely associated in our heads. But it's not necessarily
case.

In fact Cray (badly) bet it would not be the case and gambled their
business on the fastest/densest hardware being extremely expensive.

Ah well. But the point is it wasn't obvious to everyone, so 20/20
hindsight and all that.

And *MY* point was that faster CPUs are only part of the picture when
viewing servers, a problem people like myself have to grapple with all
the time when some breathtakingly fast CPU'd machine won't even barely
character echo because the mail load is backed up on disk I/O usually
from a spam attack. At that moment it just doesn't feel like Moore is
smiling on me.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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To: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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Date: Thu, 1 May 2003 20:16:00 -0400

At 14:52 -0400 5/1/03, Ken Hirsch wrote:
>
>I'm not sure what you mean by "nothing else works that way."  Certainly
>telephones work that way.  Your local phone company is responsible for
>identifying you, billing you, and investigating complaints against you.

The police investigate complaints against telephone customers, not the phone
companies. the company only identifies me far enough to satisfy itself that
I can be found if I owe them money, nothing more. "I" might be a corporation,
"I" Might even be a person who pays cash in advance every month for an
anonymous telephone (e.g. prepaid cellulaR)

>Your phone does not directly contact the phone of the person your are
>calling.  It does not even contact the local exchange switch of the person
>you are calling.  In a long distance call, there are generally _three_ other
>companies involved.

You're only going to be able to push this analogy so far before it breaks.
I think with that, it's starting to break... these technologies are 
not the same.

>I haven't been following IM interoperability, but doesn't IM work more like
>the telephone system and less like SMTP?

What if it's IM that can receive file attachments and log special 
messages when you are away? IM that includes several people in one 
discussion? Now what is it like?
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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Date: Thu, 1 May 2003 21:02:30 -0400

At 2:21 PM -0700 4/30/03, scott@spamwolf.com wrote:
>Is this list is moderated?
>
>If so, why isn't that mentioned prominently?
>
>If not, could someone please post an explict denial?

Yes.  Would the person who is not moderating this list please speak up?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Darwin's War
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Date: Thu, 1 May 2003 21:01:02 -0400

At 12:25 PM -0600 4/30/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>Content tags are unworkable for the same reason that censorship doesn't
>work.  Those who cannot be trusted to not abuse your mailbox or
>cellphone will not only not tag their stuff correctly but will find
>ways use the wrong tags.  If as has been widely alleged Amazon has

Did I say you should pay attention to tags on email from people you 
don't trust?


-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A New Plan for No Spam / Velocity Indicator 
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   of "Thu, 01 May 2003 14:07:39 MDT." <200305012007.h41K7dDk014433@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
References: <26791.1051808932@kanga.nu>  <200305012007.h41K7dDk014433@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
X-face: ?<YUs-cNP1\Oc-H>^_yw@fA`CEX&}--=*&XqXbF-oePvxaT4(kyt\nwM9]{]N!>b^K}-Mb9
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Date: Thu, 01 May 2003 19:34:20 -0700

On Thu, 1 May 2003 14:07:39 -0600 (MDT) 
Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> From: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>

>> ...  Loose summary as I recall them: The optimal number of RCPT TOs
>> per message for best performance outbound delivery is approximately
>> 5, and is most definitely below 10.

> Ok, requiring separate transactions would increase the load by 5
> times.

No.  The arithmetic isn't that trivial, tho its close.  Think about it a
bit.  While it is a power curve, there's still a heck of a lot of MXes
in the thin end of the wedge, and even more tellingly, the majority of
MX collections are not modulo 5 (surprisingly its pretty close to 80%
aren't mod 5).  Without doing the full math (I'll leave that to the
enterprising reader), I'd say the actual factor should come out
somewhere between 2.5 and 3.  

My own non-scientific experiments with VERP with smaller lists support
that estimate.

>> ...  Given a $2,000US commodity machine its just not that hard to
>> sustain 2,500 outbound deliveries a minute these days.

> Agreed, today the CPU and disk costs are far lower.  However, if you
> can run 2,500 outbound deliveries/minute at 5 addressees/transaction,
> you'll only be able to run 500/minute at 1 addressee/transaction.

Nope.  The same math applies again.  2,500 deliveries a minute is not
quite 12,500 addresses delivered per minute due to the same power curve
and modulo problems.  Additionally it ignores the gain from chained SMTP
transactions over the same connection (TCP setup/teardown being a
non-trivial portion of the TCP overhead).  

> If each transaction involves a 5 KByte body and an ignored ~200 bytes
> of SMTP commands and TCP/IP headers, then a T1 can carry about 38
> deliveries/second or 2280 deliveries/minute.  That does not quite jibe
> with 2500 deliveres/minute at 5 addressees/delivery, but it's the
> right order of magnitude.  Perhaps the fact that I ignored DNS traffic
> as as the TCP/IP headers and SMTP commands and responses is part of
> the discrepancy.

Most of my systems are connected via multiple T3s to a local MAE, PAIX,
or other similarly well connected nexii.  Local bandwidth is not a
problem or significant factor for high sustained delivery rates.  A
solid localhost DNS cache with enforced longer minimum TLLs (if your
repeat rate is low) keeps DNS latencies and traffic down.  Add some
tuning of your spool strategies, slow MX domain routing and a few other
tricks and you can keep things running at capacity.

When you get to those sorts of ranges, and especially when you start
trying to push much last 3,500 deliveries per minute on a commodity box
(~$2K) its the design and management of the local IO chain that is your
killer.  You very quickly hit a point where throwing more RAM and CPU
into the mix doesn't gain much, but popping IO latency from your DASD is
the big gainer, and that tends to be expensive unless you play fast and
loose with the commit rules.  Wietse Venema demonstrated and charted
this space quite clearly a couple years back.

However, we're getting considerably off topic here.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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From: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <Law9-OE453CehCuFjqD0000a7f4@hotmail.com> <200305012051.h41Kp4Pp021094@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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From: "Vernon Schryver" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
> > From: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>
> > I think any general solution will depend on identity verification, which is
> > a key part of my plan.  Anything else has to build on that. ...
>
> That is a religious view in the sense that it is based on unquestioned
> and unquestionable assumptions or axioms that cannot be reconciled
> with the differing religious views or axioms behind SMTP.  You assume
> that accepting mail from perfect strangers is not worthwhile, but SMTP
> is built on the opposite assumption.

That's not it at all. I don't have any problem accepting mail from strangers.  But
without identity if you shut down a spammer one place he will pop up in another.
I've thought about this a lot and I don't think there's a way around it.

[...]
> A smaller but still insurmountable problem is that the CAs that are
> not strangers (e.g. Verisign) cannot be trusted to revoke, or through
> no fault of their own, be able to revoke certificates.  You have
> mentioned having on the order of 1000 CAs.

What I said was "A few dozen to maybe a few hundred".  I am quite aware of the
problems with having too many CAs. I definitely want to keep it under a hundred.
Enough for there to be some competition, but otherwise the fewer the better.

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From: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <Law9-OE33L9NtDEJmGz00005925@hotmail.com> <p06000f48bad331d5c85c@[192.168.1.104]> <013301c30dc8$df22dc90$b1ad86a2@hirschk1> <p06000f03bad3830d616a@[192.168.1.104]> <01bd01c30e0a$4cc9c7e0$0201a8c0@DXHIRX1> <p06000f0bbad461bc7700@[192.168.1.104]> <Law9-OE53CcWNYgEj4v0000717c@hotmail.com> <p06000f21bad4a4da52dd@[192.168.1.104]> <02d401c30eaf$b5563fa0$0201a8c0@DXHIRX1> <p06000f28bad4e8301acc@[192.168.1.104]> <03cb01c30ed8$0acae620$0201a8c0@DXHIRX1> <200305010156.h411uoQM008784@new.agentzero.com> <04ce01c30fbc$286a4fb0$0201a8c0@DXHIRX1> <p06000f10bad6df440440@[192.168.1.104]> <Law9-OE28keS8YkdavN0000a8d7@hotmail.com> <p06000f02bad7258273de@[192.168.1.105]>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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From: "Kee Hinckley" <nazgul@somewhere.com>
> CAs exist, but they do nowhere near the validation you want them
> too--and they virtually never revoke a certificate.  It took me three
> weeks to hear back from my CA *how* to revoke a certificate that I
> *wanted* revoked--and they had no standard mechanism to do it.

They do different levels of validation depending on what kind of certificate is
required.  I'm really not worried about the process within the United States.  We
have mechanisms for this.  When I opened my first brokerage account, I had to take
my driver's license to a bank and sign the form witnessed by an officer of an
FDIC-insured bank--yes, it was that specific.  Here we have pictures on driver's
licenses, equifax, social security numbers and so on.  It is by no means difficult.

In other countries, I worry, but not here.

>  They
> certainly aren't set up to do dispute resolutions or any of that.

True, and I expect them to work with other organizations for that, as I indicated.
_Somebody_ has to do it no matter what system you have.  There really aren't many
complaints against legitimate users.  It shouldn't be that big a deal.

> The group you are ignoring are the medium sized businesses.  They
> can't afford what you're pushing.  You need to either make your certs
> so airtight that a spammer can't simply create a new business every
> month and get a new one, or else so expensive that the spammer can't
> afford one.

Making them "that airtight" is not that hard--in the United States! Businesses that
have a real credit history and a physical street address shouldn't have much trouble
getting a certificate.  If they need one. Which they don't.

You just have to make it a few orders of magnitude harder for the bad guys to start
up a new server.  You won't eliminate it totally.  But AOL won't have to block 2
billion spams per day.

> As for your "it's easy" statements.  They all deal with technical
> issues.  Not business and political issues.  Most companies do *not*
> like to outsource mission critical technology.  You like phone
> comparisons.  Compare the market for in-house phone systems to
> outsourced (to the phone company) systems.  WHich is larger.  Why?

Every company in the world uses the phone company.  Some also have internal systems,
but they use the PSTN to call the business across the street. I haven't found
companies reluctant to outsource. Our company outsourced our mission-critical faxes
to Cable&Wireless because it was cheaper and more reliable to do it that way.  I
send 3,000 pages a day from my server alone.  Yeah, the same server that forwards
all email through another server.

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From: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>
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References: <Law9-OE33L9NtDEJmGz00005925@hotmail.com> <p06000f48bad331d5c85c@[192.168.1.104]> <013301c30dc8$df22dc90$b1ad86a2@hirschk1> <p06000f03bad3830d616a@[192.168.1.104]> <01bd01c30e0a$4cc9c7e0$0201a8c0@DXHIRX1> <p06000f0bbad461bc7700@[192.168.1.104]> <Law9-OE53CcWNYgEj4v0000717c@hotmail.com> <p06000f21bad4a4da52dd@[192.168.1.104]> <02d401c30eaf$b5563fa0$0201a8c0@DXHIRX1> <p06000f28bad4e8301acc@[192.168.1.104]> <03cb01c30ed8$0acae620$0201a8c0@DXHIRX1> <200305010156.h411uoQM008784@new.agentzero.com> <04ce01c30fbc$286a4fb0$0201a8c0@DXHIRX1> <200305011535.h41FZJQI001504@new.agentzero.com> <Law9-OE42JYII65fu300000a602@hotmail.com> <200305011729.h41HTjQI005172@new.agentzero.com> <Law9-OE453CehCuFjqD0000a7f4@hotmail.com> <p06000f02bad72aa8a8b5@[192.168.1.104]>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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From: "Kee Hinckley" <nazgul@somewhere.com>
> At 2:52 PM -0400 5/1/03, Ken Hirsch wrote:
> >telephones work that way.  Your local phone company is responsible for
> >identifying you, billing you, and investigating complaints against you.
>
> They identify your address.  That's about it.

Wrong.  They do a credit check.  And if that's not sufficient, they'll require a
deposit--in addition to the installation charges, which are probably comparable to a
certificate.  They know where  you live, they have your credit history, and cash up
front.  Not unlike what a certificate requires.

>  They don't even
> guarantee the name in the phone book.  And complaints typically
> require court intervention.

Although I'm sure it differs by state, they typically don't require court
intervention.

E.g. here's the clause from Alltel's N.C. contract:
"The Company reserves the right to cancel any contract for service with and to
discontinue service to any person who uses or permits the use of obscene, profane or
grossly abusive language over or by means of the Company's facilities, and who,
after reasonable notice fails, neglects or refuses to cease and refrain from such
practice or to prevent the same, and to remove its property from the premises of
such a person."

And here's Bellsouth's web page where you report annoying calls to them, the phone
company:
http://contact.bellsouth.com/acc/contact_us.asp?id=2&annoy=417517


> And they certainly don't check to make
> sure that you've never been accused of making unsolicited phone calls
> in the past.

I'm sure they do check their own records to see if you've ever had your line
disconnected for cause.


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To: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
cc: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] A New Plan for No Spam / Velocity Indicator 
In-Reply-To: Message from Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> 
   of "Thu, 01 May 2003 17:44:27 EDT." <16049.38203.432019.124751@world.std.com> 
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Date: Thu, 01 May 2003 19:37:55 -0700

On Thu, 1 May 2003 17:44:27 -0400 
Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:

> Cheaper RAM enabling much more aggressive and accurate caching of
> course clouds this picture somewhat.

> But to imply that because CPUs have gone from 1MHZ to 3GHZ that we can
> now process 3000x as much mail is unsupportable and misleading.

You have accurately stated why several large mail shops have invested so
heavily in solid state battery backed disks for their spools.  It allows
them to satisfy the SMTP commit rules while keeping IO latency damned
low.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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To: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com> 
   of "Thu, 01 May 2003 21:27:52 EDT." <076a01c31053$a6302950$0201a8c0@DXHIRX1> 
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Date: Thu, 01 May 2003 19:53:43 -0700

On Thu, 1 May 2003 21:27:52 -0400 
Ken Hirsch <kenhirsch@myself.com> wrote:
> From: "Kee Hinckley" <nazgul@somewhere.com>
>> At 2:52 PM -0400 5/1/03, Ken Hirsch wrote: 

>> telephones work that way.  Your local phone company is responsible
>> for >identifying you, billing you, and investigating complaints
>> against you.

>> They identify your address.  That's about it.

> Wrong.  They do a credit check.  

Most of the rest of the world is not as in love with credit checks and
scores as America is.  A fair chunk of the rest of the world has very
little care or interest in personal identification or identity as long
as the bills get paid.  I've lived in countries where the *ONLY*
requirement for getting a phone line installed was a decent sized (cash)
down payment, a billing address, and a control placed on the line for
the first three months such that the total bill for the month couldn't
exceed the down payment.

Its actually fairly common.

> And if that's not sufficient, they'll require a deposit--in addition
> to the installation charges, which are probably comparable to a
> certificate.  They know where you live, they have your credit history,
> and cash up front.  Not unlike what a certificate requires.

Umm, they may well they have a billing address, which has no need of
being the same as the service address, and they have a cash down
payment.  Nothing more.  Factually, they don't *NEED* anything more.  

All they really need and want is reasonable certainty that the bills
will the paid.  The rest is pretty irrelevant.

>> And they certainly don't check to make sure that you've never been
>> accused of making unsolicited phone calls in the past.

> I'm sure they do check their own records to see if you've ever had
> your line disconnected for cause.

Personal history (mine) would suggest otherwise in California and
Florida (I had a few really bad times financially in both states).  In
the California case they stated explicitly that they kept those records
for three months only.  

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] A New Plan for No Spam / Velocity Indicator 
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>Although the portions of the systems subject to Moore's law helps
>there are critical components which have not improved much at all in
>the same time period.

Can't disagree with that.

>For example, disk speed isn't all that much faster today than it was
>10 years ago. Where CPUs have improved by about 1000-fold, disk has
>improved maybe 10-fold or so, and mechanically much less (1993,
>3600RPM, 2003, 7200-10,000RPM, seek times have barely changed at all
>remaining in the single-digit ms range, albeit cheaper.)

I don't think this bit is quite accurate.

Lets look at discs:  First of all, the common discs in 1993 were 2400 rpm,
not 3600 - if think of 3600rmp and 11 ms seek time for 1993 you had better
compare it with 15k rpm and 4ms seek time for 2003, alternatively you can
talk about 2400rpm and 15ms for 1993 and compare with 10krpm and 8ms for
2003.  Second, in 2003 drives have substantial internal buffering and do
plenty of read-ahead; for a remailer/list exploder application this reduces
the number of seeks quite a bit and also reduces the impact of rotational
latency - the application is not a random access one, where perhaps 12 times
would be a reasonable disc speed up estimate, but one where the internal
drive buffering and read-ahead has a substantial effect so that there has
been a much greater improvement.  Third, head settling times are much lower
so that short seeks are now zero cost - in 1993 even a two track seek would
lose you a rev. Fourth, surface density is much higher, so that transfer
duration is much lower, and we have much larger mainstore so that we can
cache in the OS much more effectively store. Fifthly, with this particular
application I can use two discs in such a manner that I just about eliminate
seeks of more that 1 cylinder, and 1 cylinder seeks are zero cost on modern
discs.

Now lets look at processors: do we have anything like a 1000 times speed up?
Well, clock times do have a 1000 times speed up but I've never had much
faith in clock time as a measure of speed.  How much has FSB bandwidth
changed? Or main store bandwidth? - for some applications that will be a
much better measure.  So, unless your crunching numbers that fit in L1 cache
you have nothing like a 1000 times speed up.

>So, unless you're crunching numbers which all fit in memory, Moore's
>law is not a reasonable gauge of e-mail processing improvement. And
>often this sort of processing can only proceed as fast as its weakest
>link, which is likely to be disk speed.

Much more likely to be main store bandwidth for the application in question,
I think, but thet too is obscured by caching and of course it depends on bus
width (but most systems use a store bus narrower than a complete L3 cache
line, so it's not as much obscured as it might be).  Of course that doesn't
affect the conclusion - Moores law is not a useful gauge of e-mail
processing improvement.

>Cheaper RAM enabling much more aggressive and accurate caching of
>course clouds this picture somewhat.

It certainly does. I think it clouds it enough so that the bottleneck will
not be where you think it is.

>But to imply that because CPUs have gone from 1MHZ to 3GHZ that we can
>now process 3000x as much mail is unsupportable and misleading.

Here we are in total agreement.

Tom Thomson

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Protecting Legitimate Commercial Email (was Re: ESPC P roposal)
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Date: Fri, 2 May 2003 11:58:10 +0200

On Thu, May 01, 2003 at 04:25:10PM -0400, Barry Shein wrote:
> Because that's a generally acceptable way to deal with scaling issues
> such as sending out millions of newsletters. The other choice is that
> the recipient is paying, why is that more fair (particularly in the
> case of bulk commercial email)?

Is a newsletter informing people that want to buy a house about real estate
commercial email? Why should the estate agent pay each and every
provider for being allowed to have the email delivered to the customers
of the ISP? The /customers/ of the ISP signed up to receive the
newsletter to be informed.

Oh ... and as the estate agent ... how much transferals to how many ISPs
do I have to make per newsletter to get it delivered?

    \Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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To: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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Date: Fri, 2 May 2003 09:10:39 -0400

At 21:27 -0400 5/1/03, Ken Hirsch wrote:
>Wrong.  They do a credit check.  And if that's not sufficient, 
>they'll require a
>deposit--in addition to the installation charges, which are probably 
>comparable to a
>certificate.  They know where  you live, they have your credit 
>history, and cash up
>front.  Not unlike what a certificate requires.

You are describing functions that have only to do with a contractual 
relationship - the PRIVATE  relationship - between a company and its 
customer. The above are OPTIONS for any business selling anything 
from dialtone to swimming pools. These decisions are made privately.

The elements of this discussion that reference such acts suggest that 
they will be made mandatory and that the system will not work without 
them, that they will be imposed on all participants who use a given 
protocol/class of applications. That is VERY different. If you deign 
to authorize just one way of doing things, you also have to outlaw 
(in real law, not just in words shouted loudly) everything else... 
and that stops innovation.

WHO will impose this regime on the entire world's computers? WHO has 
the authority to enforce?

We already have the DMCA. Just develop a protocol that can be found 
to fall under the DMCA and demand that everyone use it. Problem 
solved, can of worms opened.

>E.g. here's the clause from Alltel's N.C. contract:
>"The Company reserves the right to cancel any contract for service with and to
>discontinue service to any person who uses or permits the use of 
>obscene, profane or
>grossly abusive language over or by means of the Company's 
>facilities, and who,
>after reasonable notice fails, neglects or refuses to cease and 
>refrain from such
>practice or to prevent the same, and to remove its property from the 
>premises of
>such a person."

ISPs generally have such language too. But that has nothing to do 
with protocol or regulation.
The question you are raising, which I think is only necessary 
question, is "why don't ISPs just disconnect spammers who abuse the 
systems of others?" That question is the key to all of this. It will 
not be answered in this forum.

>  > And they certainly don't check to make
>>  sure that you've never been accused of making unsolicited phone calls
>>  in the past.
>
>I'm sure they do check their own records to see if you've ever had your line
>disconnected for cause.

Don't be so sure... people move frequently; their records don't. For 
that matter, the phone companies run very aggressive collections 
departments, disconnect and reconnect service, accept cash payments 
in person (go to any in-the-city Sprint PCS store on a given Saturday 
and see people lined up to pay cash to bring accounts current).

This also comes back to motivation and until you understand that, you 
can't approach the problem. A single phone line (or a single ISP 
customer) is expensive to acquire but costs very little to maintain. 
So the *incentive* is to sign up many customers and weed out the 
problems only after (and if) they become problems... ANY money that 
flows in, even from deadbeats, is more than flowed in previously. All 
the infrastructure is largely held as a sunk cost. Deadbeats don't 
change its magnitude even slightly as long as the total population of 
deadbeats is held to a reasonable value, and it is.

Remember *incentive*. Figure out how to change the incentive 
structure, and solutions to the spam problem will become apparent.
_______________________________________________
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To: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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Date: Fri, 2 May 2003 09:11:11 -0400

At 7:28 -0400 4/30/03, Ken Hirsch wrote:
>I am not proposing blocking port 25.  The proposal  just says that 
>if you want to
>send to a participating SMTP server, then you must be a 
>participating SMTP server,
>otherwise each sender will be subject to challenge/response.

Adoption could be voluntary rather than made mandatory.

Then there are two possible outcomes:

1. ISPs and users flock to this new means of working
- you have created something that is valued. Adoption will proceed at 
a good rate through peer recommendations and eventually peer pressure.

2. It is ignored
- you have failed to create something that is perceived as 
beneficial; the market has rejected it

If you aren't willing to allow for exclusively voluntary adoption, 
then I have to ask, what are you afraid of? If the proposal is so 
fantastic, they'll flock to it, because absolutely everyone is fed up 
with spam.

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Subject: [Asrg] Revised proposal
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Antispam-certified mail servers.

Ken Hirsch
2002-05-03

Voluntary certification.  Other SMTP traffic is allowed.  Certified
servers may accept mail from non-certified servers as specified below.

In order to be considered a compliant server,

I. INCOMING - Each incoming connection to the server must be checked

    (SMTP "clients" may of course be other SMTP servers.)
    A. Connections from outside SMTP clients must either be checked by
    IP address or by (client) certificate in the TLS handshake (IP
    addresses should be checked with reverse DNS, etc.)

    B. A connecting client must be recognized in a positive (whitelist)
    manner.  While more than one kind of whitelist is possible (e.g.
    Bonded Sender, antispam-certified, etc.), the whitelist must be
    revokable.  Compliant servers may cache the checking of the
    connecting clients, but there must be a time-limit on the caching.
    [Servers may use more more than one way to validate an incoming
    connection, but it must treat unknown servers as in paragraph D.]

    C. Clients that are not on a recognized whitelist must be checked
    against a blacklist of open relays and other unforgivable behavior
    (e.g. not responding to either postmaster or abuse@server).

    D. If a client is neither on a whitelist or a blacklist, then each
    message from the client is treated as unauthenticated and subject to
    either (1) certificate checking or (2) challenge/response
    authorization.  The certificates of signed messages are subject to
    the same verification and policies as the certificates of clients
    connecting to the SMTP server.  When per-message certificates are
    used for authentication purposes, each message signature must be
    checked to make sure it is valid and each RCPT TO address must be
    listed as a recipient within the signed portion of the message.

    E.  Messages from whitelisted clients are generally not subject to
    per-message authorization, except that this may be specified in an
    anti-spam profile.

    [There should be an SMTP extension which requests that each email
    should or should not be signed by the outgoing server.]

    Servers may sign messages whether or not they are requested to.

    Again, when per-message authentication is used, each message
    signature must be checked to make sure it is valid and each RCPT TO
    address must be listed as a recipient within the signed portion of
    the message.

    F. Each server must have an address where its compliance to incoming
    messages can be checked (but not postmaster).

    G. Each server must respond appropriately to messages to postmaster.
    For each server, there should be a responsible person that can be
    contacted by the whitelist administrator at a separate mail address.
    This address need not be published.


II. OUTGOING

    A. The party responsible for the SMTP server must agree to an
    explicit anti-spam policy set by a whitelist administrator.  The
    administrator of the SMTP server is responsible for enforcing this
    policy on the users of the server.  The administrator of the
    whitelist is responsible for verifying that the SMTP server is
    enforcing the policy and to handle complaints against the SMTP
    server.  The whitelist administrator has the authority and technical
    means to revoke the authorization of the SMTP server.

    B. Clients connecting to an SMTP server to send outgoing mail must
    be authenticated.

    C. The originating SMTP server may add headers that give
    information about the sender.  E.g. Hotmail & Yahoo may (should)
    distinguish between paying customers and free customers.  Further
    classification of customers is possible.  The originating SMTP
    server must not allow its users to forge these headers.

    D. The original sender may add message headers for classifying the
    mail. The originating SMTP server may also add/require/verify these.

    E. The originating SMTP server must be able to sign each message
    with the certificate issued by the whitelist administrator.
    Transparent signing should be used [RFC1847/RFC2633] so that users
    without S/MIME-compliant MUAs can read the message.

    F. Each server must respond appropriately to messages to postmaster.
    For each server, there should be a responsible person that can be
    contacted by the whitelist administrator at a separate mail address.
    This address need not be published.

III. WHITELIST PRACTICES

    Some parts of this section are applicable only to whitelists that
    use cryptographic certificates as part of the authentication and
    authorization process.  Other parts are applicable to any feasible
    whitelist.  For cryptographic authentication, the whitelist
    administrator may be the CA or must work with the CA to sign and
    revoke certificates.

    A. Procedures that are used to identify, authenticate, and authorize
    whitelist members must be published.

       It must not be possible for a spammer to obtain many certificates
       without significant penalties.

       If strong identity can be established, a whitelist administrator
       would (1) check the identity against a database of known spammers
       (2) get the person to sign a contract to abide by a set of
       antispam policies.
       [While it is not mandatory for whitelist administrators to
       exclude persons who have been declared "known spammers" by other
       whitelist administrators, their reputation is at stake.  Among
       the possibilities are (1) requiring a large deposit against any
       claims made against them, (2) assigning them to a lower user-class so
       recipients can filter them...]
       When whitelist adminstrators revoke a certificate because of
       spamming activity, they must publish enough details of the
       identity of the spammer that other CAs can identify the person if
       they apply to them.  Since this may contain somewhat sensitive
       information (such as social security numbers), this information
       should be available to other CAs, but not for casual inspection,
       much as a credit-reporting agency does.  In fact,
       credit-reporting agencies may find this within their scope.

       Not specified: up-front costs/renewals/bonds/credit checks ...

       There may be more than one procedure used to verify members but
       the certificate must specify exactly which class the user falls
       into.

    B. The antispam policy that is going to be enforced on the
    certificate holder needs to be posted.  There may be more than one
    policy, but the certificate must specify exactly which one will be
    enforced on that user.  This needs to be available (via HTTP, HTTPS,
    and SMTP) from the whitelist administrator.  The policy needs to be
    available in human-readable form and, hopefully,
    program-understandable form.  It may be possible to embed a summary
    of the policy in the certificate.

    C. There must be a simple, automated way to check whether a
    whitelist member's authorization has been revoked.

    D. There must be clear procedures for filing complaints against servers
    on the whitelist.  These complaints must be acted upon in a timely
    manner.  It must be easy to determine where/how to complain from the
    certificate.

    E. Whitelist administrators must actively check compliance of the
    members.  They must post email addresses on the web and USENET (in a
    way not obviously linked to them) that they will monitor for spam
    from their members.  They must periodically check that member's
    incoming SMTP servers correctly handle at least the following cases:

      1) A client with a valid certificate
      2) A client without a certificate
      3) A client with a recently revoked certificate
      4) A signed email with a valid certificate
      5) A signed email with a recently revoked certificate
      6) An email with an invalid signature

IV. CHALLENGE-RESPONSE

Email users who do not have direct access to a certified antispam server
need to be able to send to one.  They could contract with a third-party
mail provider who is antispam-certified.  They can also acquire a
personal antispam email certificate and use it with an S/MIME-capable
MUA.  These will be accepted by a compliant server.


For other users, antispam-compliant servers must provide a
challenge-response system.
    a) Properly handle mailing list mail
    b) Never challenge a reply to an E-mail you sent, even if you sent
       it from elsewhere and a different account which aliases over to
       the real mailbox.
    [This must include opt-out replies to a mailing]
    c) Include protections against loops, obviously and challenging other
       challenges, autoresponses etc.
    d) Provide a means to allow the user to review all their blocked mail
       (sorted by spam score) to catch the people who did not respond
       to the challenge.  Yes, these happen regularly even with simple
       challenges, and not because the other person is lazy.

----------------------------------------------------------------

Opportunities for standardization:
- requirements of antispam certificate
- mechanism for CRL retrieval
- machine-understandable description of spam-policy
- message headers for challenge-response
- message headers for user-classification
- message headers for message-classification
- SMTP extension to negotiate message-signing
----------------------------------------------------------------
My thinking about "SMTP extension to negotiate message-signing" is that
in many/most cases, you want to avoid the overhead of the signature
(which is about 1K without embedded certificate and 4K with embedded
certificate), but that it is very valuable for proving abuse.

You may want to have messages signed depending on the CA/whitelist or on
the particular client connecting.  The CA may not have an established
reputation and you may want to keep a chain of evidence in case they
turn out to be unreliable.  The client connecting may have a user-class
indicated in their certificate that is less than stellar.

Messages especially should be signed if the receiving SMTP server is not
the final destination.  This may mean that signatures could be
negotiated depending on RCPT TO, not just on a session basis. Or perhaps
based on the MAIL FROM address, too.

I include the requirement that the actual RCPT TO recipient is included
in the signed part of the message because determining whether a message
is spam must include that information.  It is also important that the
signing date is relatively recent since it needs to be determined
whether a message is sent before or after an opt-out.

This is the only change to SMTP that is required by this proposal.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Proposed implementation:

   Phase 1:
     All participating servers validate other participating servers via IP
     address.  A challenge-response system is provided for
     non-participating servers.  This can be done with current software
     (most any mail server plus TMDA).  TMDA would just need to be
     configured to exempt whitelisted servers from the challenge-response
     system.
     [Annoyance of challenge-response will encourage other SMTP servers
     to become certified.]

   Phase 2:
     Signed messages would be checked and exempted from challenge-response
if they pass.  Messages may be signed at originating server or by MUA.
Software changes: Challenge-response systems would need to be modified to do
this checking.  SMTP servers aren't mandated to sign at this point, but may,
so they don't

   Phase 3:
     All participating servers sign outgoing messages.  The server that
     they connect to may request that they not sign messages (e.g. via
     an EHLO response), but that does not have to be honored. (Messages
     may be signed before being submitted to the mail server software.)
     [Annoyance of all those .p7s attachments will encourage other SMTP
     servers to become certified.]

   Phase 4:
     Servers should support TLS and SMTP extensions for negotiating
     message signatures that may depend on MAIL FROM and RCPT TO.

--------------------------------------------------------------------
Antispam policies should be as objective and verifiable as possible.
None of these will be universally mandated (except probably the first
four.)
  - no open relays
  - more generally, no sending of mail from unauthenticated parties
  - opt-out must work
  - no sending allowed to harvested emails

  - double opt-in required for mailing lists.
  - all senders identities and addresses have been authenticated.
    (e.g. road-runner, but not Hotmail)


In each email message, the class of sender and/or email should be
indicated.  These could be used to filter messages or require
challenge-response, even from a certified server.
   Some possiblities:
    - This is a free email account without identity verification
    - This user is limited to 100 messages/day
    - This user is limited to existing correspondents + 10 messages/day
    - This user has been active for more than 180 days and has no complaints
    - This a new user
    - This user is a paying customer resident in same country as ISP
    - This email is an advertisement to existing customer
    - This email is non-advertisement to existing customer
    - This is a challenge message for email list subscription
    - This is a challenge message for antispam purposed
    - This is a message for a subscribed and confirmed email list
    etc.
    The properties that are supported are related to the general
    anti-spam policies listed in the certificate.
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Tom Thomson'" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>,
        "asrg@ietf.org"
	 <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] A New Plan for No Spam / Velocity Indicator
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Unfortunately, some MUA do not support that 'feature' or only support it for 
mailing addresses within the domain of the originator which is also an 
interesting feature.  With that as the case it may be considered that BCC is 
not per se relevant as an 'evil' descriptor when detected but could be 
considered as a message anomaly when crossing an MTA boundary and:

1) the message recipient is within the domain of the originator, and;
2) all BCC recipients are outside the domain of the key recipient's (To and Cc)

as opposed to the converse which would appear to be the most likely use of BCC 
in message (company/organization internal) while these are interesting 
considerations, they may not be viable as solutions unless a mechanism can be 
established and used that identifies orig/recip affiliations (C/R, 
white/blacklists, etc).  To me this represents one of the problems with 
focusing on 'one-size-fits-all' solution approaches (and mind you I am 
interested in reading and analyzing all approaches).

On Thursday, May 01, 2003 6:52 AM, Tom Thomson 
[SMTP:tthomson@neosinteractive.com] wrote:
8<...>8
> As for the bcc case, I used to use an MUA which generated n+1 copies of the
> body - 1 for each bcc recipient containing a bcc line with only that
> recipient, and one for all To and cc recipient containing no bcc line. These
> were transmitted separately - multiple Rcpt To lines with one Data phase for
> teh To and cc recipients, single Rcpt lines with a data phase for each bcc
> recipient. Since Phill is as much of an antique as I am, maybe he too
> remembers MUAs which did rather pleasant and intelligent things that didn't
> conform to the modern desire for "efficiency" at all costs (even at the cost
> of effectiveness) and maybe that's where theerrorneous statement comes from.
> An easy mistake to make if you grew up with civilised MUAs.
8<...>8

(pining for the old day's Tom? ;-)

-e
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To: "'Tom Thomson'" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>,
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Has anyone taken a look at the headers of the asrg mailing list messages to 
their machine?  I just did, and think that we could use them as sort of a basis 
argument for eMail list handling of maillist traffic and/or originator 
identification.  What bothers me is the boundary where origination is defined. 
 I could 'take as gospel' the header information and validate origination based 
on that OR, perform checks against some not yet defined MTA MAC scheme, or 
perform content inspections, etc, etc...  While all of those are viable (albeit 
may be not practical methods in all circumstances) each has it's own 
shortcomings.

1) Message headers can be forged up to the last hop.
2) MTA MAC checks could be CPU intensive for large sites and/or 
non-approachable by small sites (border MTA's)
3) Content Inspection same as 2, but with the added twist of third party 
reliance or roll-your-own.
...

You get the point?  Focusing on single point solutions to multi-vector problems 
is hard (IMHO ill-advised) on its face.  Perhaps we are all correct, in fact 
maybe the framework or architecture of the system is the most salient 
discussion and not the implementation specifics.  I am not trying to just shoot 
my mouth off here, but it seems that many threads of discussion get too deep 
too fast and we may be missing the big picture.

my $.02

-e

On Thursday, May 01, 2003 10:30 AM, Tom Thomson 
[SMTP:tthomson@neosinteractive.com] wrote:
8<...>8
> I think the problem you have with proposals for authenticated email is a
> simple one - the same problem you have with the RMX proposal:  you simply
> don't want a reliable way of tying spam to its originator, you would rather
> play with interesting methods of detecting spam and filtering it out. I
> don't know whether that's because you don't see the usefulness of being able
> to identify the originator, or because you find detecting bulk mail a fun
> passtime, or because you think RFC 2821 is holy writ and not a comma may be
> moved on pain of burning in hell throughout eternity for fould heresy and
> blasphemy.  It has to be one of those three, I can't imagine another reason.
8<...>8

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To: "'Hallam-Baker, Phillip'" <pbaker@verisign.com>,
        "'Vernon Schryver'"
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On Thursday, May 01, 2003 10:01 AM, Hallam-Baker, Phillip 
[SMTP:pbaker@verisign.com] wrote:
8<...>8
>...I would no more expect to be able to know the smtp spec from the rfcs
> than I would expect to understand theology from reading the bible alone.
8<...>8

I am not sure what you mean here.

The 'specification' as an RFC is a basis document not a Bible. 
 Interoperability is completely separate from protocol conformance, e.g. C 
works with A but not with B, all are compliant with the 'specifications' when 
tested against the reference implementation of the PICS pro forma.  One can 
implement or test an interoperable system based upon the protocol 
specification.  Also, a pro forma protocol implementation conformance criteria 
is what any vendor (or standards body) should use BEFORE rolling out an 
implementation.  That being said, interoperability is not dependent on the 
complete set of described protocol semantics the so-called PICS can be adapted 
by an implementor to concern only the most relevant aspects for 
interoperability in the operational environment, ignoring others and/or 
extending them.

-e
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Jon Kyme'" <jrk@merseymail.com>, Andrzej Filip <anfi@Box43.pl>
Cc: ASRG <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Reference: Realtime UNblocking Lists
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Maybe the consideration should be made to revise/extend protocols used for 
dynamic allocation of addressing.  Would that resolve this issue?

-e

On Thursday, May 01, 2003 6:15 AM, Jon Kyme [SMTP:jrk@merseymail.com] wrote:
> > From: Leif Neland
> > Subject: Idea: RUBL: Realtime UNblocking Lists
> > Newsgroups: comp.mail.sendmail
> > Date: Mon, 28 Apr 2003 18:47:31 +0200
>
> As you pointed out, one needs to block any IP that might be dynamically
> allocated for this to work well. Even for IPs that don't change their
> association frequently, periodic retesting would be required. I suppose
> this might be requested by my MTA if I get an "old" response from the RUBL.
>
> One issue I see is that it might falsely whitelist the output IP of
> multistage relays. How big a problem would this be?
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> --
> _______________________________________________
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> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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To: "'Art Pollard'" <pollarda@lextek.com>, "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Changing mailing lists from push to pull
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On Thursday, May 01, 2003 12:35 AM, Art Pollard [SMTP:pollarda@lextek.com] 
wrote:
8<...>8
>
> I use Eudora which strips these things out unfortunately.

That is the bugaboo when considering the edge implementation of solutions.  We 
MUST I think consider the implacability of determining all MUA.reciever's 
(MUA.r from D. Crocker's paper) feature-sets and how that affects a proposed 
solution.  In addition, the 'core' v. 'edge' issues should be understood by any 
proposal specifically with respect to where does the 'core' end and the 'edge' 
begin in a proposed framework.  IMHO, this may vary from proposal to proposal.

-e
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Kee Hinckley wrote:

> As for your "it's easy" statements.  They all deal with technical 
> issues.  Not business and political issues.  Most companies do *not* 
> like to outsource mission critical technology.  You like phone 
> comparisons.  Compare the market for in-house phone systems to 
> outsourced (to the phone company) systems.  WHich is larger.  Why?

That's not right. Most consultants I know recommend that businesses keep 
in house only technology that is within their core competency. Other 
technology should be evaluated for outsourcing. In particular, mission 
critical technology that is not within a company's core competency 
should be at the top of the list for outsourcing.

The reason is that  mission ciritical technology cannot be allowed to 
fail. If a company spends resources trying to operate a technology that 
is outside its core competency, it detracts from the company's main 
business focus, which is its core competency. Such technology should be 
outsourced to someone whose core competency and demonstrated expertise 
is in operating the technology in question. That's why there are ASPs.

This is certainly true for e-mail. It's just that most companies have 
had higher priority things to outsource. That's because e-mail didn't 
require much attention. With the rising tide of spam, however, many 
companies are finding that running in-house mail now requires 
specialized expertise and resources to run. Many companies are therefore 
now considering outsourcing mail as well.

I have long recommended that companies, particularly small businesses, 
outsource e-mail. The reason is that e-mail can only be a millstone 
around the CIO's neck and never a plus. E-mail is generally not 
perceived as mission critical by most senior executives (whether or not 
it actually is.). The CIO gets no brownie points for running e-mail 
well, but gets bombed by everybody when it goes down. That alone is a 
really good reason for outsourcing it.

BTW, I have been both a CIO and a corporate ops director several times. 
When I had to run internal phone service, I moved to convert, to the 
extent feasible, to centrex as one of my first tasks on taking the job.

  -LM

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On 02 May 2003 at 15:33 Eric D. Williams [mailto:eric@infobro.com] wrote:-
<...snip...>
> (pining for the old day's Tom? ;-)

Oh, yes, definitely.  10 years ago I didn't have a spam problem (that's not
to say I didn't receive any spam, but it was much less than 1% of my email),
web sites were rather better designed (shorter download times - even on
slower dial-up links),  most usenet newsgroups contained a high (by today's
standards) proportion of sane messages, software bloat was only beginning,
the papers I was asked to review were mostly publishable, and the USPO
hadn't quite sunk to its current depths of idiocy.

I would miss Google if the clock were turned back, though.

Tom



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From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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Date: Fri, 02 May 2003 10:02:43 -0700

At 10:29 PM 5/1/03 -0400, Ken Hirsch wrote:
>From: "Vernon Schryver" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
>> > From: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>
>> > I think any general solution will depend on identity verification, which is
>> > a key part of my plan.  Anything else has to build on that. ...
>>
>> That is a religious view in the sense that it is based on unquestioned
>> and unquestionable assumptions or axioms that cannot be reconciled
>> with the differing religious views or axioms behind SMTP.  You assume
>> that accepting mail from perfect strangers is not worthwhile, but SMTP
>> is built on the opposite assumption.
>
>That's not it at all. I don't have any problem accepting mail from 
>strangers.  But
>without identity if you shut down a spammer one place he will pop up in another.
>I've thought about this a lot and I don't think there's a way around it.
>

Minor quibble here:  Stranger != Anonymous.
A system could, in theory, only accept email non-anonymous sources
and still accept email from non-anonymous strangers.

What value there is to accepting email from anonymous sources
is a different question from what's the value of accepting email 
from strangers.  
Which is not to say they aren't both religious questions
(in the sense Vernon was using).


Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>

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Date: Fri, 02 May 2003 11:02:05 -0600


I like this idea in general.  However, there is one big hole.

The big hole rests with the whitelist.

If someone spams (and is whitelisted) many ISP's do not and will not impose 
penalties on their customers.  Often times, they will send out letters by 
the standard U.S. postal service asking their customer to stop.  They do 
this even though the EULA specifically outlines per-message penalties that 
may be assessed if they violate the anti-spam policy.

The whitelist should be administered by someone other than the ISP to avoid 
this conflict of interest.  It should also be administered by someone who 
has an interest in enforcing the anti-spam policy -- not the ISP who 
doesn't want to anger their customer base.

As part of the certification process, the ISP should have the person sign 
an agreement that is kept on file on behalf of the whitelist manager that 
authorizes them to collect if terms are not satisfied.  Also, proof of ID 
would need to be provided.

Even with all this, I suspect that many would find ways around it with fake 
IDs etc.  But it would probably curtail much of what is out there and get 
things back to manageable levels.

-Art

At 10:31 AM 5/2/2003 -0400, you wrote:
>Antispam-certified mail servers.
>
>Ken Hirsch
>2002-05-03
>
>Voluntary certification.  Other SMTP traffic is allowed.  Certified
>servers may accept mail from non-certified servers as specified below.
>
>In order to be considered a compliant server,
>
>I. INCOMING - Each incoming connection to the server must be checked
>
>     (SMTP "clients" may of course be other SMTP servers.)
>     A. Connections from outside SMTP clients must either be checked by
>     IP address or by (client) certificate in the TLS handshake (IP
>     addresses should be checked with reverse DNS, etc.)
>
>     B. A connecting client must be recognized in a positive (whitelist)
>     manner.  While more than one kind of whitelist is possible (e.g.
>     Bonded Sender, antispam-certified, etc.), the whitelist must be
>     revokable.  Compliant servers may cache the checking of the
>     connecting clients, but there must be a time-limit on the caching.
>     [Servers may use more more than one way to validate an incoming
>     connection, but it must treat unknown servers as in paragraph D.]
>
>     C. Clients that are not on a recognized whitelist must be checked
>     against a blacklist of open relays and other unforgivable behavior
>     (e.g. not responding to either postmaster or abuse@server).
>
>     D. If a client is neither on a whitelist or a blacklist, then each
>     message from the client is treated as unauthenticated and subject to
>     either (1) certificate checking or (2) challenge/response
>     authorization.  The certificates of signed messages are subject to
>     the same verification and policies as the certificates of clients
>     connecting to the SMTP server.  When per-message certificates are
>     used for authentication purposes, each message signature must be
>     checked to make sure it is valid and each RCPT TO address must be
>     listed as a recipient within the signed portion of the message.
>
>     E.  Messages from whitelisted clients are generally not subject to
>     per-message authorization, except that this may be specified in an
>     anti-spam profile.
>
>     [There should be an SMTP extension which requests that each email
>     should or should not be signed by the outgoing server.]
>
>     Servers may sign messages whether or not they are requested to.
>
>     Again, when per-message authentication is used, each message
>     signature must be checked to make sure it is valid and each RCPT TO
>     address must be listed as a recipient within the signed portion of
>     the message.
>
>     F. Each server must have an address where its compliance to incoming
>     messages can be checked (but not postmaster).
>
>     G. Each server must respond appropriately to messages to postmaster.
>     For each server, there should be a responsible person that can be
>     contacted by the whitelist administrator at a separate mail address.
>     This address need not be published.
>
>
>II. OUTGOING
>
>     A. The party responsible for the SMTP server must agree to an
>     explicit anti-spam policy set by a whitelist administrator.  The
>     administrator of the SMTP server is responsible for enforcing this
>     policy on the users of the server.  The administrator of the
>     whitelist is responsible for verifying that the SMTP server is
>     enforcing the policy and to handle complaints against the SMTP
>     server.  The whitelist administrator has the authority and technical
>     means to revoke the authorization of the SMTP server.
>
>     B. Clients connecting to an SMTP server to send outgoing mail must
>     be authenticated.
>
>     C. The originating SMTP server may add headers that give
>     information about the sender.  E.g. Hotmail & Yahoo may (should)
>     distinguish between paying customers and free customers.  Further
>     classification of customers is possible.  The originating SMTP
>     server must not allow its users to forge these headers.
>
>     D. The original sender may add message headers for classifying the
>     mail. The originating SMTP server may also add/require/verify these.
>
>     E. The originating SMTP server must be able to sign each message
>     with the certificate issued by the whitelist administrator.
>     Transparent signing should be used [RFC1847/RFC2633] so that users
>     without S/MIME-compliant MUAs can read the message.
>
>     F. Each server must respond appropriately to messages to postmaster.
>     For each server, there should be a responsible person that can be
>     contacted by the whitelist administrator at a separate mail address.
>     This address need not be published.
>
>III. WHITELIST PRACTICES
>
>     Some parts of this section are applicable only to whitelists that
>     use cryptographic certificates as part of the authentication and
>     authorization process.  Other parts are applicable to any feasible
>     whitelist.  For cryptographic authentication, the whitelist
>     administrator may be the CA or must work with the CA to sign and
>     revoke certificates.
>
>     A. Procedures that are used to identify, authenticate, and authorize
>     whitelist members must be published.
>
>        It must not be possible for a spammer to obtain many certificates
>        without significant penalties.
>
>        If strong identity can be established, a whitelist administrator
>        would (1) check the identity against a database of known spammers
>        (2) get the person to sign a contract to abide by a set of
>        antispam policies.
>        [While it is not mandatory for whitelist administrators to
>        exclude persons who have been declared "known spammers" by other
>        whitelist administrators, their reputation is at stake.  Among
>        the possibilities are (1) requiring a large deposit against any
>        claims made against them, (2) assigning them to a lower user-class so
>        recipients can filter them...]
>        When whitelist adminstrators revoke a certificate because of
>        spamming activity, they must publish enough details of the
>        identity of the spammer that other CAs can identify the person if
>        they apply to them.  Since this may contain somewhat sensitive
>        information (such as social security numbers), this information
>        should be available to other CAs, but not for casual inspection,
>        much as a credit-reporting agency does.  In fact,
>        credit-reporting agencies may find this within their scope.
>
>        Not specified: up-front costs/renewals/bonds/credit checks ...
>
>        There may be more than one procedure used to verify members but
>        the certificate must specify exactly which class the user falls
>        into.
>
>     B. The antispam policy that is going to be enforced on the
>     certificate holder needs to be posted.  There may be more than one
>     policy, but the certificate must specify exactly which one will be
>     enforced on that user.  This needs to be available (via HTTP, HTTPS,
>     and SMTP) from the whitelist administrator.  The policy needs to be
>     available in human-readable form and, hopefully,
>     program-understandable form.  It may be possible to embed a summary
>     of the policy in the certificate.
>
>     C. There must be a simple, automated way to check whether a
>     whitelist member's authorization has been revoked.
>
>     D. There must be clear procedures for filing complaints against servers
>     on the whitelist.  These complaints must be acted upon in a timely
>     manner.  It must be easy to determine where/how to complain from the
>     certificate.
>
>     E. Whitelist administrators must actively check compliance of the
>     members.  They must post email addresses on the web and USENET (in a
>     way not obviously linked to them) that they will monitor for spam
>     from their members.  They must periodically check that member's
>     incoming SMTP servers correctly handle at least the following cases:
>
>       1) A client with a valid certificate
>       2) A client without a certificate
>       3) A client with a recently revoked certificate
>       4) A signed email with a valid certificate
>       5) A signed email with a recently revoked certificate
>       6) An email with an invalid signature
>
>IV. CHALLENGE-RESPONSE
>
>Email users who do not have direct access to a certified antispam server
>need to be able to send to one.  They could contract with a third-party
>mail provider who is antispam-certified.  They can also acquire a
>personal antispam email certificate and use it with an S/MIME-capable
>MUA.  These will be accepted by a compliant server.
>
>
>For other users, antispam-compliant servers must provide a
>challenge-response system.
>     a) Properly handle mailing list mail
>     b) Never challenge a reply to an E-mail you sent, even if you sent
>        it from elsewhere and a different account which aliases over to
>        the real mailbox.
>     [This must include opt-out replies to a mailing]
>     c) Include protections against loops, obviously and challenging other
>        challenges, autoresponses etc.
>     d) Provide a means to allow the user to review all their blocked mail
>        (sorted by spam score) to catch the people who did not respond
>        to the challenge.  Yes, these happen regularly even with simple
>        challenges, and not because the other person is lazy.
>
>----------------------------------------------------------------
>
>Opportunities for standardization:
>- requirements of antispam certificate
>- mechanism for CRL retrieval
>- machine-understandable description of spam-policy
>- message headers for challenge-response
>- message headers for user-classification
>- message headers for message-classification
>- SMTP extension to negotiate message-signing
>----------------------------------------------------------------
>My thinking about "SMTP extension to negotiate message-signing" is that
>in many/most cases, you want to avoid the overhead of the signature
>(which is about 1K without embedded certificate and 4K with embedded
>certificate), but that it is very valuable for proving abuse.
>
>You may want to have messages signed depending on the CA/whitelist or on
>the particular client connecting.  The CA may not have an established
>reputation and you may want to keep a chain of evidence in case they
>turn out to be unreliable.  The client connecting may have a user-class
>indicated in their certificate that is less than stellar.
>
>Messages especially should be signed if the receiving SMTP server is not
>the final destination.  This may mean that signatures could be
>negotiated depending on RCPT TO, not just on a session basis. Or perhaps
>based on the MAIL FROM address, too.
>
>I include the requirement that the actual RCPT TO recipient is included
>in the signed part of the message because determining whether a message
>is spam must include that information.  It is also important that the
>signing date is relatively recent since it needs to be determined
>whether a message is sent before or after an opt-out.
>
>This is the only change to SMTP that is required by this proposal.
>--------------------------------------------------------------------
>Proposed implementation:
>
>    Phase 1:
>      All participating servers validate other participating servers via IP
>      address.  A challenge-response system is provided for
>      non-participating servers.  This can be done with current software
>      (most any mail server plus TMDA).  TMDA would just need to be
>      configured to exempt whitelisted servers from the challenge-response
>      system.
>      [Annoyance of challenge-response will encourage other SMTP servers
>      to become certified.]
>
>    Phase 2:
>      Signed messages would be checked and exempted from challenge-response
>if they pass.  Messages may be signed at originating server or by MUA.
>Software changes: Challenge-response systems would need to be modified to do
>this checking.  SMTP servers aren't mandated to sign at this point, but may,
>so they don't
>
>    Phase 3:
>      All participating servers sign outgoing messages.  The server that
>      they connect to may request that they not sign messages (e.g. via
>      an EHLO response), but that does not have to be honored. (Messages
>      may be signed before being submitted to the mail server software.)
>      [Annoyance of all those .p7s attachments will encourage other SMTP
>      servers to become certified.]
>
>    Phase 4:
>      Servers should support TLS and SMTP extensions for negotiating
>      message signatures that may depend on MAIL FROM and RCPT TO.
>
>--------------------------------------------------------------------
>Antispam policies should be as objective and verifiable as possible.
>None of these will be universally mandated (except probably the first
>four.)
>   - no open relays
>   - more generally, no sending of mail from unauthenticated parties
>   - opt-out must work
>   - no sending allowed to harvested emails
>
>   - double opt-in required for mailing lists.
>   - all senders identities and addresses have been authenticated.
>     (e.g. road-runner, but not Hotmail)
>
>
>In each email message, the class of sender and/or email should be
>indicated.  These could be used to filter messages or require
>challenge-response, even from a certified server.
>    Some possiblities:
>     - This is a free email account without identity verification
>     - This user is limited to 100 messages/day
>     - This user is limited to existing correspondents + 10 messages/day
>     - This user has been active for more than 180 days and has no complaints
>     - This a new user
>     - This user is a paying customer resident in same country as ISP
>     - This email is an advertisement to existing customer
>     - This email is non-advertisement to existing customer
>     - This is a challenge message for email list subscription
>     - This is a challenge message for antispam purposed
>     - This is a message for a subscribed and confirmed email list
>     etc.
>     The properties that are supported are related to the general
>     anti-spam policies listed in the certificate.
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

-- 
Art Pollard
http://www.lextek.com/
Suppliers of High Performance Text Retrieval Engines.

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Date: Fri, 2 May 2003 13:17:58 -0400
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After I sent out the last revision,  I realized there is a flaw.  Since I am
still thinking mostly about certificates, I didn't specify how you are
supposed to check if an IP is on a whitelist without a certificate.  Some of
you feel that DNS is the appropriate mechanism for this, but I want to leave
open the possibility for multiple whitelist authorities and other protocols.
Since there could be multiple whitelists, how do you know which to check?

So as not to require any SMTP extensions, it should be a message header.

Opportunity for standardization:
- message header to indicate IP whitelist authority/mechanism
- format/protocol for communication of IP whitelists
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To: ASRG list <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Changing mailing lists from push to pull
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Date: Fri, 02 May 2003 10:25:10 -0700

At 10:58 PM 4/30/03 -0400, waltdnes@waltdnes.org wrote:
>  It should possible to set up a script to make a PC (Windows/Max/Linux)
>poll a POP server once a day or once a week, etc.  Has anyone ever tried
>writing up a script and simply throwing announcements on a central POP
>server.  The subscribers' machine would poll the central POP server as
>required.  This solves the permission problem, because the subscriber is
>doing the pulling.  No changes required to SMTP, for the simple reason
>that SMTP is totally bypassed.
>

I've experimented with many alternative message systems to email,
some of which used pull, though not quite the way you describe.

It's not clear to me that spam goes away just because it's pull,
though it might make it easier to track down the (ir)responsible.
For example, Suppose you got an email that said;
"You have a message from bob@example.com waiting for you at
 http://example.com/bob.message.127".
When go to the web page, it's an ad for wonder widgets.
In that case, I think most would still classify it as spam 
even though you have to go to a web site and "pull" the message.

To put it another way;
What are the benefits of a pull system?
What are are the costs?

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Revised proposal
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Date: Fri, 02 May 2003 10:52:54 -0700

At 10:31 AM 5/2/03 -0400, Ken Hirsch wrote:
[snip happens]
>IV. CHALLENGE-RESPONSE
>

Mailblocks holds and is enforcing two patents on challenge response.
(US 6,199,102 and US 6,112,227)

This doesn't kill the idea entirely, but I do think it's bad form to 
require something that uses patented technology without at least
mentioning the patent.

P.S.
I Hope the pending lawsuit will make this point moot.
Shameless plug for my take on the subject, and a plea for more prior art;
   http://www.spamwolf.com/patents/

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
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To: Larry Marks <larry.marks@barberry.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Jim Youll <jim@media.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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Date: Fri, 2 May 2003 14:03:59 -0400

At 8:51 -0700 5/2/03, Larry Marks wrote:
>
>BTW, I have been both a CIO and a corporate ops director several 
>times. When I had to run internal phone service, I moved to convert, 
>to the extent feasible, to centrex as one of my first tasks on 
>taking the job.

So then, using a sample size of two, you and I have held similar 
roles and yet reached completely opposite conclusions about the 
placement and management of such things are telephones and e-mail 
servers, leading to completely opposite actions.

Thus there would appear to be no clear basis for policy- or 
rule-making based on "which is better." We can argue this all day and 
night, but individual businesses will make decisions based on 
individual circumstances, and in the case of telephones and e-mail, 
it appears that neither course of action is dramatically favored over 
the other.

There is also an emerging class of gear in the form of server 
appliances... that yes, anyone CAN maintain, barring hardware 
failure, for which the call out to a service guy, just as they do 
with in-house phone and voicemail systems.
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To: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Art Pollard <pollarda@lextek.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Changing mailing lists from push to pull
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Date: Fri, 02 May 2003 12:23:10 -0600


>I've experimented with many alternative message systems to email,
>some of which used pull, though not quite the way you describe.
>
>It's not clear to me that spam goes away just because it's pull,
>though it might make it easier to track down the (ir)responsible.
>For example, Suppose you got an email that said;
>"You have a message from bob@example.com waiting for you at
>  http://example.com/bob.message.127".
>When go to the web page, it's an ad for wonder widgets.
>In that case, I think most would still classify it as spam
>even though you have to go to a web site and "pull" the message.

I wouldn't see the pull mechanism being quite what you describe.  I'd see 
it much more similar to NNTP in how it works from the client.  The client 
would occasionally poll the server and download any new messages that 
originate from that mailing list's server.  The mailing lists server could 
optionally send out a message to the clients on the mailing list letting 
them know that a new message has arrived.  The message would simply be an 
administrative message and not shown to the user.

There are several advantages to this:

1) You subscribed to the mailing list and your client goes out to get the 
messages.  Unsubscribing would simply be a matter of telling your client to 
not picking up the messages any longer.  Mailing lists wouldn't really be a 
subscription like they have in the past where the message is sent to a 
certain subset of people.  Instead, mailing lists would simply be composed 
of those who tell their clients to pick up messages on a regular or 
semi-regular basis.

2) The moderator to the mailing list could remove the messages from the 
message stream fairly easily or even from the archives to prevent off-topic 
or spam messages from being downloaded.  Users could even remove their 
previous posts if they choose given proper authentication.

3) Messages would not have to be picked up frequently or on any regular 
basis.  I get a number of mailing lists that I look at very rarely and only 
use for reference  or for interest (if I have any time to read it.)  It 
would be easy for someone to tell their client to pick up messages once a 
week or once a month if they choose.

-Art


-- 
Art Pollard
http://www.lextek.com/
Suppliers of High Performance Text Retrieval Engines.

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From: Larry Marks <larry.marks@barberry.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Proposal for transition to authenticated email
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Date: Fri, 02 May 2003 11:54:56 -0700
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Jim Youll wrote:

> There is also an emerging class of gear in the form of server 
> appliances... that yes, anyone CAN maintain, barring hardware failure, 
> for which the call out to a service guy, just as they do with in-house 
> phone and voicemail systems.

I'll stand behind the "insource the core, outsource the rest" concept
that is pretty standard advice now-a-days. Again, I emphasize that
companies are only encouraged to *evaluate* the value of outsourcing. If
there is no convenient or cost-effective outsourcing opportunity
available, then they should not oursource. Likewaise, companies have to
have some pretty strong management in order to be successful with
outsourcing, where success or failure is generally a matter of perception.

I agree with you that contemporary tools make it much less attractive
for companies to outsource their phone systems. When there is an
appliance that takes care of e-mail, including the spam problem, I could
adopt your view. That's not the case at present. Most corporate IT
departments do not have the expertise or time to invest in solving the
spam problem, given the tools available today, and good alternatives,
some of whom inhabit this list, are available.

  -LM


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Reference: Realtime UNblocking Lists
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Eric D. Williams wrote:

>On Thursday, May 01, 2003 6:15 AM, Jon Kyme [SMTP:jrk@merseymail.com] wrote:
>  
>
>>>From: Leif Neland
>>>Subject: Idea: RUBL: Realtime UNblocking Lists
>>>Newsgroups: comp.mail.sendmail
>>>Date: Mon, 28 Apr 2003 18:47:31 +0200
>>>      
>>>
>>As you pointed out, one needs to block any IP that might be dynamically
>>allocated for this to work well. Even for IPs that don't change their
>>association frequently, periodic retesting would be required. I suppose
>>this might be requested by my MTA if I get an "old" response from the RUBL.
>>
>>One issue I see is that it might falsely whitelist the output IP of
>>multistage relays. How big a problem would this be?
>>    
>>
>Maybe the consideration should be made to revise/extend protocols used for 
>dynamic allocation of addressing.  Would that resolve this issue?
>  
>
Most likely yes,  but some "intermediate" solution is required anyway.

-- 
Andrzej [pl>en: Andrew] Adam Filip http://www.polbox.com/a/anfi/



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Subject: [Asrg] Community proposal alert...Vendor Proposes Open E-mail Standards To Fight Spam
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Date: Fri, 2 May 2003 16:28:13 -0400
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Here is another for the pile and an interesting side-bar.

-e

Vendor Proposes Open E-mail Standards To Fight Spam

The Trusted E-mail Open Standard proposed by ePrivacy Group could help
fight spam by adding verifiable sender identification and content
assertions to e-mail.

http://computerworld.com/newsletter/0,4902,80902,00.html?nlid=AM


Wireless Spam On Its Way To The U.S.

Text-based ads, already common in Japan and Europe, are coming to cell
phones and PDAs in the U.S. And some of those messages will almost
certainly be spam.

http://computerworld.com/newsletter/0,4902,80912,00.html?nlid=AM

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Changing mailing lists from push to pull
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On May 2, 2003 at 10:25 scott@spamwolf.com (Scott Nelson) wrote:
 > It's not clear to me that spam goes away just because it's pull,
 > though it might make it easier to track down the (ir)responsible.
 > For example, Suppose you got an email that said;
 > "You have a message from bob@example.com waiting for you at
 >  http://example.com/bob.message.127".
 > When go to the web page, it's an ad for wonder widgets.
 > In that case, I think most would still classify it as spam 
 > even though you have to go to a web site and "pull" the message.

That's mixing pull w/ push and the push continues to be a problem,
don't do that!

Or, better, if it were to evolve like that one would have some way to
verify that the new msg msg is real and is for something you've
actually signed up for by comparing to your own list.

Otherwise, sure, miscreants could just flood your mailbox with "you
have a message at somewhere.com (Hi Kee)" and you're back where you
started more or less.

I'd think you either poll or maybe "what's new" gets sent via a
protocol other than email, like maybe your own pull "area" which you
give the others you've signed up for permission to leave a "you have
new mail" msg on, and your MUA checks that whenever you fire it up or
ask for it to be checked.

Or maybe you just go to a web site and read the new msgs like a lot of
lists currently, plus or minus improvements in readablity such as
syndicating via RSS/XML so you can use a more sophisticated reader
program than most browsers provide.

I dunno, it's nice to get the newspapers delivered to my house but I
really don't need the guy to knock and knock at 5AM until I come down
and take it from his hands if you get my gist.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Community proposal alert...Vendor Proposes Open E-mail Standards To Fight Spam
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>The Trusted E-mail Open Standard proposed by ePrivacy Group could help
>fight spam by adding verifiable sender identification and content
>assertions to e-mail.
>
>http://computerworld.com/newsletter/0,4902,80902,00.html?nlid=AM

Looks to me like a warmed over rehash of PGP signing maybe with some
SSL/TLS kind of stuff thrown in.

It mostly deals with knowing that "MAIL FROM:<xyz@bigco.com>" or
similar is actually coming from someone at bigco.com because their
certificate (&c) can be checked in the SMTP conversation.

But this, to me, is a tiny part of the spam problem.

I agree that a fair amount of spam forges something like xyz@bigco.com
so you're either more likely to read it or it passes through any
filter which might otherwise block another address or both.

But a ton of spam we block here really is from bigco.com, or more
specifically bigisp.com (e.g., DSL blocks from comcast.com seem to be
a huge source of pain lately, not to mention our friends across the
pacific) so it doesn't help with any of that.

And then there's the whole (legitimate) forwarding problem which is
probably better solved by PGP signing because no matter how much it
bounces about you can still verify the final message as having
originated from who it says it's from with a high degree of
confidence.

But for that an MUA could just mark whether the SMTP conversation was
with a server actually within bigco.com's netblock and accomplish much
of the same thing as this proposes.

And, even better, add some way to get bigco.com's list of outgoing
mail server's ip addresses and verify it came from one of those,
something similar to a reversed RBL or DNSRBL. That info is already
very reliable and in the Received headers.

So, apparently well-intentioned, but mostly redundant and orthogonal
to the actual problem it claims to have been designed for.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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Date: Fri, 2 May 2003 18:34:48 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>

> Here is another for the pile and an interesting side-bar.

"pile" has some of the right connoations.

> http://computerworld.com/newsletter/0,4902,80902,00.html?nlid=AM

Chasing links in that I ended up at the imfamous old stories, announcments
and press releases:
    http://www.computerworld.com/securitytopics/security/privacy/story/0,10801,61475,00.html
    http://www.postiva.com/
    http://www.truste.com/about/TrustedSenderReleaseFINAL.html

The last says:

  } Every email sent by a Trusted Sender-certified company will
  } display a unique seal in the top right corner of the email message, by
  } which consumers can verify that the message is: 

and never mind minor complications including:

   - S/MIME, PGP, SMTP-AUTH, and STARTTLS already exist and are widely
      implemented.

   - It often does not make sense to talk about dislaying seals in
        top right corners of email messages.  (Hint: SMTP is not HTTP)

   - The list things the seal assures has nothing to do with not being
       spam, unless your definition of spam is the DMA's.

   - TrustE has earned is reputation as the guardian of whatever privacy
       policy an outfit wants to set, unless it wants to change it
       without warning, in which case that's ok too.

http://eprivacygroup.net/teos/TEOSwhitepaper1.pdf starting on page 14
defines as other than spam as any bulk mail, even if unsolicited, that
has more or less honest headers.  This notion is distinctly similar
to TrustE's notion of a web site that protects privace provided it
doesn't lie about violiating it.

That white paper has all kinds of cryptographic gunk that makes sense
only if you assume S/MIME, PGP, and SMTP-AUTH do not exist and that some
outfit should be paid to verify the identities of spammers.

In other words, it's a high class version of the so called spam
defenses from such as Stu Sjouwerman's Sunbelt Software.
See 
http://groups.google.com/groups?q=iHateSpam++group%3A*abuse.sightings
or
http://groups.google.com/groups?q=%22e-bla.%2Bcom%22+group%3A*abuse.sightings
and note that news.admin.net-abuse.sightings consists of copies
of spam.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Community proposal alert...Vendor Proposes Open E-mail Standards To Fight Spam
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On Friday, May 02, 2003 8:35 PM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
> > From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
>
> > Here is another for the pile and an interesting side-bar.
>
> "pile" has some of the right connoations.
>
and rightly so.

8<...>8
> The last says:
>
>   } Every email sent by a Trusted Sender-certified company will
>   } display a unique seal in the top right corner of the email message, by
>   } which consumers can verify that the message is:
>
8<...>8

all of your assertions are right on point IMHO.  In addition the executive 
summary to me connotes a less than expansive understanding of SMTP/TCP/IP where 
in that case more than two pieces (though not all within the context of the 
SMTP conversation) can be had, e.g. IP address of originator; which may be used 
for additional checks on origination validity (see the many proposals on this 
list and some of your assertions.

>
> http://eprivacygroup.net/teos/TEOSwhitepaper1.pdf starting on page 14
> defines as other than spam as any bulk mail, even if unsolicited, that
> has more or less honest headers.  This notion is distinctly similar
> to TrustE's notion of a web site that protects privace provided it
> doesn't lie about violiating it.

That is the dictum that is used, it is very troubling that such an entity would 
continue to follow that paradigm when dealing or attempting to with rogue 
players (for the most part) by their own assertion.

> That white paper has all kinds of cryptographic gunk that makes sense
> only if you assume S/MIME, PGP, and SMTP-AUTH do not exist and that some
> outfit should be paid to verify the identities of spammers.

<rumbling chuckles>

> In other words, it's a high class version of the so called spam
> defenses from such as Stu Sjouwerman's Sunbelt Software.
8<...>8

High seems to have the proper connotation.

-e
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Date: Fri, 2 May 2003 20:34:28 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>

> ...
> >http://computerworld.com/newsletter/0,4902,80902,00.html?nlid=AM
>
> Looks to me like a warmed over rehash of PGP signing maybe with some
> SSL/TLS kind of stuff thrown in.

Plus content labeling.

> ...
> So, apparently well-intentioned, but mostly redundant and orthogonal
> to the actual problem it claims to have been designed for.

It's as well intentioned as TrustE's other effort.  

Their whitepaper got me thinking about content labelling.  Perhaps I
now understand why it sounds wrong to me.  Let's assume that all mail
were properly labelled as "transaction," "advertising," "non-profit,"
"political," "personal and confidential" and any other categories you
like.  Never mind how you prevent lies or whether a message saying
something like the following is transactional or adveritising: 
    "The gift certificate your aunt sent you will expire in one
    week.  The following 100 KBytes of ads are about books you
    might buy if you add some money to the gift certificate...."

The problem is what would you do with content labels?  Would you
really set your MTA or MUA to accept
   - transactions but not ads from Amazon,
   - transactions as well as ads from Powells,
   - political mail from the Greens, Socialist Workers, and Republicans
      but not the Democrats or Libertarians
   - personal mail from your mother-in-law but not your children,
   - non-profit mail from the NRA but not the ACLU,
and so on for the hundreds of senders that might send you something in
the next 12 months?  

At first you might configure things to accept everything except ads
from everyone and everything including ads from a few senders.  After
the third "non-profit" message from your local PBS station selling
movie tickets and books as "fund raising" or "transactional" notice
from Amazon warning that a free offer is about to expire, you would
change that configuration.  You would accept mail from outfits you
trust to not send anything you don't want to see no matter category,
reject all mail from spammers like your local PBS station, and start
building white- and blacklists for the rest.  You would care about
the sender but not the content labels.

That's why something like the Habeas mark makes more sense.  You don't
care whether a message is "transactional" or "political."  You only
care whether you can trust the sender to send only mail you want,
and non-bulk or solicited bulk mail is close enough to that.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Community proposal alert...Vendor Proposes Open
  E-mail Standards To Fight Spam
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Date: Fri, 02 May 2003 21:40:42 -0700

At 08:34 PM 5/2/03 -0600, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>> From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
>
>> ...
>> >http://computerworld.com/newsletter/0,4902,80902,00.html?nlid=AM
>>
>> Looks to me like a warmed over rehash of PGP signing maybe with some
>> SSL/TLS kind of stuff thrown in.
>
>Plus content labeling.
>
>> ...
>> So, apparently well-intentioned, but mostly redundant and orthogonal
>> to the actual problem it claims to have been designed for.
>
>It's as well intentioned as TrustE's other effort.  
>
>Their whitepaper got me thinking about content labelling.  Perhaps I
>now understand why it sounds wrong to me.  Let's assume that all mail
>were properly labelled as "transaction," "advertising," "non-profit,"
>"political," "personal and confidential" and any other categories you
>like.  
>
[snip happens]

I'm not even sure I'd want sender generated labels like "HTML".
If it's well defined enough to be used, then I can probably put it
on the mail myself with greater accuracy then the sender would.

So what do you think the "consent" in "consent based communication"
should mean if not consent to particular content?  

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Community proposal alert...Vendor Proposes Open E-mail Standards To Fight Spam
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Date: Fri, 2 May 2003 23:47:03 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>

> ...
> I'm not even sure I'd want sender generated labels like "HTML".
> If it's well defined enough to be used, then I can probably put it
> on the mail myself with greater accuracy then the sender would.

No, HTML labeling is a different kettle.  It is about a technical
format that is unrelated semantic conten of the message.  This is
demonstrated by the many HTML mail messages that can be translated to
7-bit ASCII text without most end users being able to see any difference.

Moreover, having the MUA guess about HTML is evil, dangerous, and
wrong because it tends to open security or at least privacy holes.


> So what do you think the "consent" in "consent based communication"
> should mean if not consent to particular content?  

There is always one particular context that matters, the mail sender
talking to the target.  It is practically impossible to characterize
variations of that context with content labelling such as "transactional"
vs. "advertising."  It is difficult enough to distinguish "mail sender
sending bulk mail to many targets" from "mail sender sending private
mail to one or a few targets," but it can be done if only by having
targets care notes.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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>-----Original Message-----
>From: Vernon Schryver [mailto:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] 
 
>There is always one particular context that matters, the mail sender
>talking to the target.  It is practically impossible to characterize
>variations of that context with content labelling such as "transactional"
>vs. "advertising."  It is difficult enough to distinguish "mail sender
>sending bulk mail to many targets" from "mail sender sending private
>mail to one or a few targets," but it can be done if only by having
>targets care notes.

Combining context/content labeling with permission labeling might get
something more useful, for example:

Person to person

Transactional - implicit permission. If I buy something, it's fair for the
vendor to assume I want the email verification.
 
Bulk - explicit proven permission, usually called verified or confirmed opt
in. (I heard some strange definitions of at the FTC conference; by verified
or confirmed opt in I mean the permission level that most readers of this
list want.)

Bulk - implicit permission (previous business relationship or unverified opt
in, a.k.a. single opt in). Maybe these two should be broken out into two
categories.

Bulk - no permission

I probably left out several useful combinations. This is really just
permission labeling with a little bit of context, and some combinations are
clearly nonsense (transactional - no permission, for example).

This gives the MUA (or MTA) a short list of filters that an end user might
reasonably be willing to deal with.

We're probably stuck with the transactional messages that are also full of
ads - I don't know about you guys but almost every bill I get is stuffed
with ads of some sort.

Margaret.


------_=_NextPart_001_01C31187.A0142DC0
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charset=3DUS-ASCII">
<META NAME=3D"Generator" CONTENT=3D"MS Exchange Server version =
5.5.2653.12">
<TITLE>RE: [Asrg] Community proposal alert...Vendor Proposes Open =
E-mail Standards To Fight Spam</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<BR>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;-----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;From: Vernon Schryver [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com">mailto:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com=
</A>] </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;There is always one particular context that =
matters, the mail sender</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;talking to the target.&nbsp; It is practically =
impossible to characterize</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;variations of that context with content =
labelling such as &quot;transactional&quot;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;vs. &quot;advertising.&quot;&nbsp; It is =
difficult enough to distinguish &quot;mail sender</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;sending bulk mail to many targets&quot; from =
&quot;mail sender sending private</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;mail to one or a few targets,&quot; but it can =
be done if only by having</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;targets care notes.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Combining context/content labeling with permission =
labeling might get something more useful, for example:</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Person to person</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Transactional - implicit permission. If I buy =
something, it's fair for the vendor to assume I want the email =
verification.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Bulk - explicit proven permission, usually called =
verified or confirmed opt in. (I heard some strange definitions of at =
the FTC conference; by verified or confirmed opt in I mean the =
permission level that most readers of this list want.)</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Bulk - implicit permission (previous business =
relationship or unverified opt in, a.k.a. single opt in). Maybe these =
two should be broken out into two categories.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Bulk - no permission</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>I probably left out several useful combinations. This =
is really just permission labeling with a little bit of context, and =
some combinations are clearly nonsense (transactional - no permission, =
for example).</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>This gives the MUA (or MTA) a short list of filters =
that an end user might reasonably be willing to deal with.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>We're probably stuck with the transactional messages =
that are also full of ads - I don't know about you guys but almost =
every bill I get is stuffed with ads of some sort.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Margaret.</FONT>
</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200305031711.h43HBHsG008745@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Community proposal alert...Vendor Proposes Open E-mail Standards To Fight Spam
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Date: Sat, 3 May 2003 11:11:17 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Olson, Margaret" <molson@roving.com>

> ...
> Combining context/content labeling with permission labeling might get
> something more useful, for example:
>
> Person to person
>
> Transactional - implicit permission. If I buy something, it's fair for the
> vendor to assume I want the email verification.
> ...

> I probably left out several useful combinations. This is really just
> permission labeling with a little bit of context, and some combinations are
> clearly nonsense (transactional - no permission, for example).

Those categories or any others you prefer are fine, as categories.


> This gives the MUA (or MTA) a short list of filters that an end user might
> reasonably be willing to deal with.

Please say how you or anyone else would actually use those categories
for incoming mail.  Of course bulk mailers including organizations like
Roving Software as well as legitimate web merchants would be glad to
use labels to make their messages more likely to be delivered and read,
but those are uses of labels by senders instead of by targets.  In the
real world practically no mail target is going to bother to configure
filters to pick and choose types of messages from particular senders.

Everyone wants some messages of almost any category from some sender.
What none of us want is any and all mail from some senders, and any
and all unsolicited bulk mail from most senders.

The only two categories that matter in practice are "spam" and "not
spam."  That none of the content label proposals have an "unsolicited
bulk email" category is emblematic of the irrelevance of content labelling.


> We're probably stuck with the transactional messages that are also full of
> ads - I don't know about you guys but almost every bill I get is stuffed
> with ads of some sort.

That's part of why in the real world the labels won't matter to mail
targets.  Senders that cannot be trusted to send only what targets want
will "fib" on their labels.  "Transactional" will be used where "ad"
would more accurate.  Some advertisers will send "person to person"
notes to 30,000,000 of their closest friends.  They already do that
with Subject lines.  You could write laws against that sort of thing,
but then you'll have advertisers insisting that since their messages
are addressed to individual people and are written by real people whose
names are on the messages, they really are "person to person."

However, that's not the main problem.  Users do not like setting up
filters.  They simply will not bother to configure their software to
accept "transactional" messages but not "ads" from Roving Software.
They will block all or none of your messages.  It doesn't matter
whether you use per-message content labelling or you do as Topica has
tried, labelling by domain name or Habeas mark.  Unless essentially
all of your messages are wanted, all of your messages will be blocked
based only on the fact that you are the sender (like the most recent
edition of the weekly drivel that your organization tries to send me).

Spam won't stop being spam and won't stop being filtered by having an
additional label.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Olson, Margaret'" <molson@roving.com>,
        "'Vernon Schryver'"
	 <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>,
        "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Community proposal alert...Vendor Proposes Open E-mail	Standards To Fight Spam
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Is opt-out a viable concept?

This is, to me, the fundamental question I have been wrestling with.  Opt-out 
has always on the face been the paradigm to 'protect' legitimate bulk eMails. 
 But to me it seems a specious answer to a more complex 'back-office' CRM 
problem with eCommerce (as well as a privacy/consent issue).  I would be 
interested in delving into that topic as categorization of content seems to me 
a wholly subjective pursuit (all of the very intelligent exhortations not 
withstanding).  It seems we have been down that road (and it's pretty well 
paved) what about the road less traveled, per se, can a successful 'Opt-in' 
(not whitelist) strategy be deployed/developed that enhances CRM and protects 
end-users from what many consider 'spam' (or at  minimum communications that 
are so peripherally related that they 'rise to the level' of spam)?

BTW, I think that transactional messages are all explicit opt-in messages (this 
I derive from anecdotal experience with eCommerce purchasing, e.g. send 
confirmation in e-mail, reading the consent agreement at transaction completion 
that stipulates confirmation will be sent via e-mail), this does not include 
however the attachment of additional information unrelated to confirmations but 
MAY include additional information related to retrieving related items e.g. 
account access, additional downloads/peripherals needed.  There is a rub on 
where that line is and is (perhaps) a CRM issue that can/would be worked out 
based on consumer feedback.

Any comments?

-e

On Saturday, May 03, 2003 11:21 AM, Olson, Margaret [SMTP:molson@roving.com] 
wrote:
>
>
> >-----Original Message-----
> >From: Vernon Schryver [mailto:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com]
>
> >There is always one particular context that matters, the mail sender
> >talking to the target.  It is practically impossible to characterize
> >variations of that context with content labelling such as "transactional"
> >vs. "advertising."  It is difficult enough to distinguish "mail sender
> >sending bulk mail to many targets" from "mail sender sending private
> >mail to one or a few targets," but it can be done if only by having
> >targets care notes.
>
> Combining context/content labeling with permission labeling might get
> something more useful, for example:
>
> Person to person
>
> Transactional - implicit permission. If I buy something, it's fair for the
> vendor to assume I want the email verification.
>
> Bulk - explicit proven permission, usually called verified or confirmed opt
> in. (I heard some strange definitions of at the FTC conference; by verified
> or confirmed opt in I mean the permission level that most readers of this
> list want.)
>
> Bulk - implicit permission (previous business relationship or unverified opt
> in, a.k.a. single opt in). Maybe these two should be broken out into two
> categories.
>
> Bulk - no permission
>
> I probably left out several useful combinations. This is really just
> permission labeling with a little bit of context, and some combinations are
> clearly nonsense (transactional - no permission, for example).
>
> This gives the MUA (or MTA) a short list of filters that an end user might
> reasonably be willing to deal with.
>
> We're probably stuck with the transactional messages that are also full of
> ads - I don't know about you guys but almost every bill I get is stuffed
> with ads of some sort.
>
> Margaret.
>
>  << File: ATT00007.htm >> 
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On Saturday, May 03, 2003 1:11 PM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
8<...>8
> However, that's not the main problem.  Users do not like setting up
> filters.  They simply will not bother to configure their software to
> accept "transactional" messages but not "ads" from Roving Software.
> They will block all or none of your messages.  It doesn't matter
> whether you use per-message content labelling or you do as Topica has
> tried, labelling by domain name or Habeas mark.  Unless essentially
> all of your messages are wanted, all of your messages will be blocked
> based only on the fact that you are the sender (like the most recent
> edition of the weekly drivel that your organization tries to send me).

Yes, but wouldn't a recipient want a 'confirmation' message that was consented 
to always?

> Spam won't stop being spam and won't stop being filtered by having an
> additional label.

I agree, but what is the solution for legitimate 'large scale' CRM efforts?  Is 
it perhaps end-user categorization at relationship inception?  That has the 
possible dual benefit that a) it imposes a 'burden' on the originator to relate 
customer/consumer information to customer/consumer stipulated categories; and 
b) it allows recipient customer/consumer access to the desired policy 
configuration, e.g. I control my spam so from vendor A, but all the others be 
damned - I like that idea).  That requires labeling per se but it is within the 
context of the relational dB of the originator/customer 'system' and not tied 
to messages or its transporting/delivery/rendering system.  Don't inject what 
you can not validate as desired (opt-in?).

-e
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Sat, 3 May 2003 15:44:30 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>

> > However, that's not the main problem.  Users do not like setting up
> > filters.  They simply will not bother to configure their software to
> > accept "transactional" messages but not "ads" from Roving Software.
> > They will block all or none of your messages.  It doesn't matter
> > whether you use per-message content labelling or you do as Topica has
> > tried, labelling by domain name or Habeas mark.  Unless essentially
> > all of your messages are wanted, all of your messages will be blocked
> > based only on the fact that you are the sender (like the most recent
> > edition of the weekly drivel that your organization tries to send me).
>
>Yes, but wouldn't a recipient want a 'confirmation' message that was consented
> to always?

Yes, but I don't understand your point.  The novelty of fiddling with
your MUA/MTA content labeling vs. sender filters will be gone within
the first few dozen junk messages or couple of hours, whichever comes
first.  Those who want Roving Software's weekly notices of commercial
events at bars will accept all of Roving Software's mail no matter what
any content label says.  The rest of us will block roving.com, rs6.net,
constantcontact.com, etc., also regardless of message content labels.

On second thought, I hope you're not talking about the common spam
that says "This is a one time mailing.  Unless you respond you will
not hear from us again."  That is spam, even when the spammer keeps
its promise to not send again.


> > Spam won't stop being spam and won't stop being filtered by having an
> > additional label.
>
>I agree, but what is the solution for legitimate 'large scale' CRM efforts? 

CRM started out with a couple of meanings.  In stray corners it might
still have a little meaning.  However, in most of the world it is now
meaningless or a euphemism for various bad things including spam.

>                                                           Is 
> it perhaps end-user categorization at relationship inception? 

Those organizations that pay attention to end-user preferences
will--guess what?--honestly solicit and pay attention to user
preferences including whether the end-user wants advertising. 
No labelling is needed for messages from those organizations.

No matter how other organizations categorized end-users, mail, or
anything else, by definition they don't honestly solicit and pay
attention to user preferences.  They hide opt-out buttons in fine
print, "forget" preferences, offer "second chances" for important
newsletters, buy target lists from every harvester that comes along,
claim to believe that their customers claims to have pure confirmed
opt-in lists, and the rest of the dishonestly that leads to spam.

>                                                                That has the 
>possible dual benefit that a) it imposes a 'burden' on the originator to relate 
>customer/consumer information to customer/consumer stipulated categories; and 
> b) it allows recipient customer/consumer access to the desired policy 
> configuration, e.g. I control my spam so from vendor A, but all the others be 
> damned - I like that idea). 

I don't understand that, except that it seems to be based on something
that is simply wrong.  "Spam" is never something you asked for or
otherwise solicited.

>                     That requires labeling per se but it is within the 
> context of the relational dB of the originator/customer 'system' and not tied 
> to messages or its transporting/delivery/rendering system.  Don't inject what 
> you can not validate as desired (opt-in?).

Well, ok, if that also means "don't send unsolicited (bulk) email."

Outfits that are not spammers can and do send email advertising.  Ads
and any other mail that is solicited is not spam.  It seems likely that
most outfits that are not spammers have databases saying which contact
addresses want which kinds of email, but that's not required and it's
not a concern of the IETF/IRTF.  Whether non-spammers don't send by
never sending anything, telephoning before each mailing, maintaining
a database, or some other mechanism is fine, provided it works.


Please don't talk about not sending spam as if it is complicated and
requires lots of trade rag e-spert acronyms and enormous costs.  It's not,
unless your goal is sending only as much spam as you can get away with.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] RMX proposals and Nash Equilibrium
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Date: Sat, 3 May 2003 17:51:17 -0400 (EDT)


    An Economist's Take on RMX-style Proposals to Curtail SPAM

In my understanding, the most cogent reason presented for why RMX
protocols are undesirable is that forwarded mail retains the original
envelope MAIL FROM, while coming from an arbitrary source. So an RMX
participating site would end up rejecting perfectly valid forwarded mail,
because the connecting server would not be on the list of authorized
servers for that FROM address.

I understand that this is a powerful argument, although not necessarily
decisive. REDIRECT (see http://www.sendmail.org/m4/features.html#redirect
)  is a little used potential substitute for forwarding, but if a
substantial number of sites were enforcing RMX matching, it might come
into common use to mitigate (not solve) the forwarding problem. 

But could RMX ever take hold? Would thousands of independent sites use
such rules to protect themselves? Millions of sites manage to get HTTP
(approximately) right, so spontaneous coordination is possible. Will the
characteristics of RMX make it also a success?

Note that these proposals call for two actions. Senders of mail are asked
to publish via DNS a list of authorized sources for mail with their from
address. Receivers of mail are asked to check those lists before accepting
mail. Although everyone sends and receives mail, it is entirely possible
for a mail server to implement only half the proposal.

In proposals such as this on, there is a temptation to restrict the
analysis to "What if everyone did this?" and claim disaster will stike. Or
to clamor loudly "Everyone won't do this" with similar confidence. But I
would like to address the slightly different questions:

1) What incentive do the early adopters have to do this? Does that
incentive apply to both halves of the proposal?

2) If the answer to (1) is "some" or "much" then as more servers join,
does the incentive for more to join grow or shrink?

3) If the answer to (2) is "grow", then what is the outcome if much of the
internet follows the proposal?

This is just asking what the equilibrium is going to turn out to be. Since
there is no authority to make anyone implement one of these proposals, the
incentives for voluntary adoption are crucial to determining the success
of the project.

Consider the single system "hotmail.com". No doubt they resent the fact
that for no fault of their own, all the clueless users of email think that
they are the source of 50% of all spam. Would Hotmail have an incentive to
publish their list of servers?  Probably. It wouldn't cost them anything
and it would only have a negative effect on users with hotmail return
address but using other smtp servers. This may be a very small group, and
perhaps not one Hotmail is concerned about. The potential benefit to
Hotmail is modest if their abuse desk is an automaton, but even robots
need electricity.

Given that Hotmail participated, would I set my mailer to check MAIL FROM
RR records? If sendmail supported it as a feature, I probably would. It
would cut 50% of my incoming spam, with very few type two errors. So in
the short run I have a substantial positive incentive to do the checking.
But remember that most mail won't come from checkable addresses. I can't
start rejecting that mail without justifiable complaints from my users.

Would I have much incentive to register my server names? To start with,
very little, as I am not aware of any spammers using my return address,
and in the beginning there would be few or no other sites who would refuse
my messages merely because they were unregistered. On the other hand I
have already paid the price of implementing SMTP AUTH, so my users won't
see any adverse effects from my participation. So I probably would publish
the RMX records.

Sites who might need to pay a consultant to modify their DNS and establish
SMTP AUTH and might not think it worthwhile. Sites will certainly differ.
It is no use appealing to either authority or their sense of right and
wrong - non-implementors will see RFCs as just that and themselves as
fully justified in delay or rejection.

The proposal only works if it can transition from a few sites to many. How
would the situation play out?

If the proposal starts to gain some traction - say a few large sites start
to enforce RMX requirements were the MAIL FROM: address matches a site
supporting RMX records. Very soon spammers would learn not to use hotmail
return addresses, and what happens then? It won't cost them any more to
use an non-participating site as the MAIL FROM: address. They might pick
mine, which would give me a real incentive to register.

But there are millions of possible names. Spammers could use all of them -
they already have them, after all. At that point the incentive for sites
to check incoming mail is greatly reduced. If there are any disadvantages
(and there are some related to roving users and forwarded mail) then a
dramatic reduction in the advantage might sink the proposal at
non-participating sites. It won't catch 50% of the mail anymore , but only
a tiny fraction. The disadvantages would outway the advantages for a
greater percentage of sites. As time goes by, more might register, but the
incentive to check would become very small.

Therefore I believe that the eventual equilibrium is that many domains may
register allowed SMTP sources for their outgoing mail, and some will
reject incoming mail which does not match one of the registered domains,
but that essentially no sites will reject mail from non-participating
domains and spammers will not use registered domains in MAIL FROM:
addresses. Net improvement:  little or none.

Compare this to connection IP address based blacklists of open relays. In
that case each participating site benefits from refusing mail from open
relays. So each site gets a private benefit from subscribing to a
blacklist, which encourages subscriptions. As relays are closed the
remaining relays share the traffic among a smaller group. The increased
traffic increases the incentive for the remaining relays to close up. When
only one open relay remains, it will be overwhelmed with spam traffic and
will close up in minutes. Well, perhaps that is utopian, since if the
anti-relay campaign get close to success, the incentive to subscribe is
reduced. But success can be dealt with if it occurs.

Of course we are not at the final equilibrium yet, but the more relays are
closed, the harder it is to maintain one. This could be called a "virtuous
circle"  because once started it becomes stronger and stonger on its own
accord.

 Daniel Feenberg 
 feenberg at nber.org








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From: Mike Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Date: Sat, 3 May 2003 15:24:37 -0700 (PDT)

Dear ASRG,

I have written a new article to help explain RMX records, and would
sincerely appreciate any feedback or comments you might have on it.  The
article here can be found here:

	http://www.mikerubel.org/computers/rmx_records/

Best regards,
Mike

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To: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
cc: "'Olson, Margaret'" <molson@roving.com>,
        "'Vernon Schryver'" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>,
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Community proposal alert...Vendor Proposes Open E-mail Standards To Fight Spam 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com> 
   of "Sat, 03 May 2003 16:49:06 EDT." <01C31195.A9653F50.eric@infobro.com> 
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Date: Sat, 03 May 2003 15:44:00 -0700

On Sat, 3 May 2003 16:49:06 -0400 
Eric D Williams <eric@infobro.com> wrote:

> Is opt-out a viable concept?  

There are over 6 billion people on the planet.  There are
(potentially/possibly) a considerably larger number of email addresses.
I don't want to manually opt-out from even a tiny percentage of that
lot.

If instead I can opt out of "classes" of mail, a seemingly charming
idea, then I have no trust that the miniscule fraction of those 6
billion required to be REALLY ANNOYING won't of course think that their
mail is either a special case not covered by the exclusions, or that
they simply don't care (or never knew in the first place).

Either way, with opt-out the numbers are against me from before either
of use were born.  No thanks.  

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] RMX proposals and Nash Equilibrium
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All of these are valid points to argue, but without addressing a fundemental 
point (not described in most) RMX proposals from my understanding.  That is, 
DNS can also be used to validate an IP reverse map so that not only the domain 
is checked but also the IP.  In that case, IMHO, one could argue that an 
additional check for IP origination or relay of delivery would mitigate the 
concerns.

I could definitely be wrong but that always sticks out to me as a 
mis-understanding of that type of proposed solution/strategy.  I don't think 
the forwarder of mail has to be penalized for forwarding if they are properly 
registered in the forwarding path (open-relays are another matter in my 
opinion) and are no longer used in the historical context (helping a 
brother/sister system out).

On Saturday, May 03, 2003 5:51 PM, Daniel Feenberg [SMTP:feenberg@nber.org] 
wrote:
>
>     An Economist's Take on RMX-style Proposals to Curtail SPAM
>
> In my understanding, the most cogent reason presented for why RMX
> protocols are undesirable is that forwarded mail retains the original
> envelope MAIL FROM, while coming from an arbitrary source.

The source is arbitrary only when an open-relay is involved.  Thus the 
forwarding path of a message should have determinacy.  I don't think eMail 
traverses random paths.  And if it does it shouldn't.  Maybe that is what needs 
to be fixed.

8<...>8
> Therefore I believe that the eventual equilibrium is that many domains may
> register allowed SMTP sources for their outgoing mail, and some will
> reject incoming mail which does not match one of the registered domains,
> but that essentially no sites will reject mail from non-participating
> domains and spammers will not use registered domains in MAIL FROM:
> addresses. Net improvement:  little or none.

I would reject mail from non-registered servers/domains if they were a spam 
source.  I don't think that messaging system managers ignore those types of 
situations and just allow all mail.  In fact I think we are moving toward a 
point where 'management' will demand the sysop to block all mail from, per se, 
unknown sources.

> Of course we are not at the final equilibrium yet, but the more relays are
> closed, the harder it is to maintain one. This could be called a "virtuous
> circle"  because once started it becomes stronger and stonger on its own
> accord.

I agree.

-e
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Kee Hinckley'" <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Cc: "'Olson, Margaret'" <molson@roving.com>,
        "'Vernon Schryver'"
	 <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>,
        "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Community proposal alert...Vendor Proposes Open E-mail Standards To Fight Spam
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On Saturday, May 03, 2003 8:26 PM, Kee Hinckley [SMTP:nazgul@somewhere.com] 
wrote:
> At 4:49 PM -0400 5/3/03, Eric D. Williams wrote:
> >Is opt-out a viable concept?
>
> Before we get too far down this, let's have some definitions.
>
> What do you mean by "opt-out"?  In particular, where did the company
> get your email address from in the first place?
>
> - bought it
> - they got mail from someone with your from address
> - someone entered it on their web site
> - got it offline from someone claiming to be you

Yeah, whatever, I mean the kind of messages that 'legitimate' bulk mailers 
describe as 'opt-out' (which I don't think is a viable construct on it's face) 
so anything you get that you did not ask for, my belief is that is the current 
paradigm.

> Which of those are opt-out?  And what are the others?
>
> Yes, there's a negative slant to my examples.  I've received
> unsolicited email from people claiming all of the above (except
> perhaps the last one).
>
> >BTW, I think that transactional messages are all explicit opt-in
> >messages (this
> >I derive from anecdotal experience with eCommerce purchasing, e.g. send
> >confirmation in e-mail, reading the consent agreement at transaction
> >completion
>
> I'm not sure what you mean by this.  But if you mean that
> transactional email always uses confirmations, that is definitely not
> true.  As a case in point, if anyone wants a rental car in their
> name, just let me know.  wormalert@somewhere.com gets several Alamo
> rental car confirmations every week, and from those messages I can go
> to the GoAlamo web site and redirect the car rental to any
> destination and renter's name that I want.  This despite the fact
> that every email to the address gets a bounce message back.

I mean, I buy a movie ticket and check the box that says send confirmation in 
eMail.  Or, I go to a rental car web site and reserve a car and the 'system' 
states a confirmation of my reservation information has been sent via eMail. 
 That kinda thing.  I am not sure which of those situations is closer to what 
you are talking about.  If you are getting Alamo confirmations that sounds like 
a flaw in their system and not in the general Internet system for messaging. 
 BTW, what do you call that type of message - a misdirected message or a 
message caused by misconfiguration?

-e

> --
> Kee Hinckley
> http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
> http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society
>
> I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
> responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
> everyone else's.
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Community proposal alert...Vendor Proposes Open E-mail Standards To Fight Spam
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On Saturday, May 03, 2003 5:45 PM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
> > From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
>
> > > However, that's not the main problem.  Users do not like setting up
> > > filters.  They simply will not bother to configure their software to
> > > accept "transactional" messages but not "ads" from Roving Software.
> > > They will block all or none of your messages.  It doesn't matter
> > > whether you use per-message content labelling or you do as Topica has
> > > tried, labelling by domain name or Habeas mark.  Unless essentially
> > > all of your messages are wanted, all of your messages will be blocked
> > > based only on the fact that you are the sender (like the most recent
> > > edition of the weekly drivel that your organization tries to send me).
> >
> >Yes, but wouldn't a recipient want a 'confirmation' message that was
> >consented
> > to always?
>
> Yes, but I don't understand your point.
> ...regardless of message content labels.

Yes, you got my point.  The point is you don't need labels and they don't work. 
 The more specific point was that some messages are explicitly wanted and 
ALWAYS, like 'we received your payment and such.

> On second thought, I hope you're not talking about the common spam
> that says "This is a one time mailing.  Unless you respond you will
> not hear from us again."  That is spam, even when the spammer keeps
> its promise to not send again.
>

No, I am not talking about that at all.

>
> > > Spam won't stop being spam and won't stop being filtered by having an
> > > additional label.
> >
> >I agree, but what is the solution for legitimate 'large scale' CRM efforts?
>
> CRM started out with a couple of meanings.  In stray corners it might
> still have a little meaning.  However, in most of the world it is now
> meaningless or a euphemism for various bad things including spam.

I agree that semantics change but I think I am using it in the proper context. 
 If we are talking (on this thread) about ways to 'control' so-called 
legitimate bulk mailers.  I call that customer relationship management on a 
large scale.  So what I am thinking is along the line of Amazon et. al. that 
send 'opt-in' eMail.  On the one hand I like to get notices of books that might 
interest me, let's say, on the other hand sometimes it is a burden so I change 
my preferences.  I don't get your point on that becoming a euphemism for 'spam' 
outright (if that is what you are saying) but it becomes MY spam when I don't 
want it anymore but I signed up for it in the first place.

What happens to a number of folks (all of us ;-) after that initial opt-in is 
the list gets sold around blah, blah, and we start getting spam outta Sri Lanka 
and sh*t.

> >                                                           Is
> > it perhaps end-user categorization at relationship inception?
>
> Those organizations that pay attention to end-user preferences
> will--guess what?--honestly solicit and pay attention to user
> preferences including whether the end-user wants advertising.
> No labelling is needed for messages from those organizations.
>

I agree, I am not arguing for labels.  I don't think labeling makes much sense. 
 Not only in the context of sender labeling but overall.  Messages are labels 
of themselves if you are filtering, why would one need any extra bits to make a 
filter work -- "I can make a filter just fine to nab your stuff thank you Mr. 
Bulk Mailer."

> No matter how other organizations categorized end-users, mail, or
> anything else, by definition they don't honestly solicit and pay
> attention to user preferences.  They hide opt-out buttons in fine
> print, "forget" preferences, offer "second chances" for important
> newsletters, buy target lists from every harvester that comes along,
> claim to believe that their customers claims to have pure confirmed
> opt-in lists, and the rest of the dishonestly that leads to spam.

I don't consider those legit bulk mailers and management of that traffic would 
be subject to other means (I am not arguing for a specific approach, simply 
other means).

> >                                                                That has the
> >
> >possible dual benefit that a) it imposes a 'burden' on the originator to
> >relate
> >customer/consumer information to customer/consumer stipulated categories; 
and
> >
> > b) it allows recipient customer/consumer access to the desired policy
> > configuration, e.g. I control my spam so from vendor A, but all the others
> > be
> > damned - I like that idea).
>
> I don't understand that, except that it seems to be based on something
> that is simply wrong.  "Spam" is never something you asked for or
> otherwise solicited.

See above, I am using the term 'spam' to describe mail -- That I don't want to 
see/read/receive right now, BUT that I have asked to see/read/receive 
previously.  So in that case 'spam' is fungible (For clarity's sake I think the 
term 'spam' is close to 99% subjective, but can be bounded by a technical 
definition, that def. being very hard to come by, but there somewhere.)

> >                     That requires labeling per se but it is within the
> > context of the relational dB of the originator/customer 'system' and not
> > tied
> > to messages or its transporting/delivery/rendering system.  Don't inject
> > what
> > you can not validate as desired (opt-in?).
>
> Well, ok, if that also means "don't send unsolicited (bulk) email."

Yes, in the sense of the Amazon type mail I referred to before.  Don't get me 
wrong, I don't think any 'thinking' person would sign the dotted cursor to 
request any and all kinds of drivel from any company.  But I also think that a 
lot of the problem is just that, people are not thinking about what they are 
requesting from some of these outfits - and when that is not the case the 
outfit doesn't give a f*ck about what they said anyway.  Indiscriminate and 
Discriminating Unsolicited Bulk (or single) eMails can be BAD.

> Outfits that are not spammers can and do send email advertising.  Ads
> and any other mail that is solicited is not spam.  It seems likely that
> most outfits that are not spammers have databases saying which contact
> addresses want which kinds of email, but that's not required and it's
> not a concern of the IETF/IRTF.  Whether non-spammers don't send by
> never sending anything, telephoning before each mailing, maintaining
> a database, or some other mechanism is fine, provided it works.

I think we concur, but I have not seen the definitive definition of what we are 
dealing with.  If it is "people get my eMail address and send me mail I don't 
want" that is a very hard problem to solve in the context of Internet eMail, 
that is without the obvious draconian measures one must take to eliminate that 
type of traffic (on either end of the communication, O or R).  I agree and 
don't think it is "I give people my eMail address to send me eMail I don't 
want" or, "I get eMail that I want from people with my address ".

> Please don't talk about not sending spam as if it is complicated and
> requires lots of trade rag e-spert acronyms and enormous costs.  It's not,
> unless your goal is sending only as much spam as you can get away with.

I do not think it is complicated not to send spam, that is not an argument in 
any event.  Whatever a trade-rag e-spert acronym is I don't try to think about 
things in those terms.  I try and think of things in canonical terms and not 
'what they have come to mean'.  I also don't think it has to cost enormous $$, 
Yen or whatever or needs to be outside the boundaries of existing technology 
for that matter.  From what I can sense we have all of the 'tools' we need to 
fix the pipes, what we need is a good plumber (or a damned manual) to show us 
where to tighten joints.

My sense of spam is as I stated in a previous eMail (just so you know):

On Saturday, March 29, 2003 10:52 PM, Eric D. Williams [SMTP:eric@infobro.com] 
wrote:
> ... if we are attempting to define 'spam' then
> we should not get into a definition of content description.  Jim and Dave you
> accurately point out that one man's garbage is another man's treasure but I
> don't see how this approaches a definition of what 'spam' is.  I think I will
> give it try.
>
> SPAM - 1. Messaging in the MTS which violates best current practices for MTA
> providers to assure proper canonical representation of it's originator. 2. A
> message that does not reflect accurate information for its originator or that
> is transmitted with simulated information nominally used to trace origination
> [that's a tight squeeze as it ignores incorrect configurations].  3) A 
message
> with fraudulent tracking information that is in fact flawed at origination to
> obfuscate its origin.
>
> SPAMMER - A user, company or other end entity that engages in introducing 
SPAM
> into the MTS.
>
> I think these may be a start because they do not address intent or content of
> the message sent, quantity sent, transport used or who receives it.  to me 
the
> basic problem is you have problems applying any effective filters or blocks
> against it because of the improper information used to construct it.

Regards,

-e


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From: "Olson, Margaret" <molson@roving.com>
To: "'Alan DeKok'" <aland@freeradius.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Protecting Legitimate Commercial Email (was Re: ESPC P
	 roposal) 
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>From: Alan DeKok [mailto:aland@freeradius.org] 
>  The general idea is to NOT change SMTP, but to install IP-layer
>filters which block traffic to the SMTP server.  Then, a new "consent"
>protocol is run prior to any SMTP exchange.  The "consent" protocol
>gives both parties a fast and low-bandwidth method of agreeing upon
>limited terms of use for the SMTP transactions.

I'm speaking entirely for myself in this note.

Alan - this is a nice concept. At the risk of stating the completely
obvious, the practices of the legitimate (easily identified) bulk mailers
are for all practical purposes set by the major recipient domains. But they
have a number of requirements and constraints that may not apply to even the
majority of the other 10 gazillion domains. There currently isn't any
reasonable way to find out what a domain's policy is (let alone a user's!),
and it's extremely impractical for a sender to contact more than a few of
them to find out. 

Margaret. 

------_=_NextPart_001_01C311E5.26EDAF80
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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3DUS-ASCII">
<META NAME=3D"Generator" CONTENT=3D"MS Exchange Server version =
5.5.2653.12">
<TITLE>RE: [Asrg] Protecting Legitimate Commercial Email (was Re: ESPC =
P roposal) </TITLE>
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<BODY>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;From: Alan DeKok [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:aland@freeradius.org">mailto:aland@freeradius.org</A>] =
</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;&nbsp; The general idea is to NOT change SMTP, =
but to install IP-layer</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;filters which block traffic to the SMTP =
server.&nbsp; Then, a new &quot;consent&quot;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;protocol is run prior to any SMTP =
exchange.&nbsp; The &quot;consent&quot; protocol</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;gives both parties a fast and low-bandwidth =
method of agreeing upon</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&gt;limited terms of use for the SMTP =
transactions.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>I'm speaking entirely for myself in this note.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Alan - this is a nice concept. At the risk of stating =
the completely obvious, the practices of the legitimate (easily =
identified) bulk mailers are for all practical purposes set by the =
major recipient domains. But they have a number of requirements and =
constraints that may not apply to even the majority of the other 10 =
gazillion domains. There currently isn't any reasonable way to find out =
what a domain's policy is (let alone a user's!), and it's extremely =
impractical for a sender to contact more than a few of them to find =
out. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Margaret. </FONT>
</P>

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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
cc: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RMX proposals and Nash Equilibrium
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Date: Sat, 3 May 2003 23:19:27 -0400 (EDT)



On Sat, 3 May 2003, Eric D. Williams wrote:

> 
> I could definitely be wrong but that always sticks out to me as a 
> mis-understanding of that type of proposed solution/strategy.  I don't think 
> the forwarder of mail has to be penalized for forwarding if they are properly 
> registered in the forwarding path (open-relays are another matter in my 
> opinion) and are no longer used in the historical context (helping a 
> brother/sister system out).

Perhaps I wasn't clear. If joe@example.com adds the line:

     joe: joe@example.net

to the system aliases file, then mail arriving from source.com will be
forwarded to example.net. But example.com will not be on the list of
authorized originators of source.com mail, and if example.net rejects
for that reason they may be rejecting perfectly legitimate mail. 

It really has nothing to do with relays, open or otherwise.

I mentioned the Sendmail REDIRECT feature as a possible ameliorative
feature for this problem. Sendmail could be configured to reject the mail
for joe at example.com with a 551 error and give the forwarding address in
the error message text, allowing the original sender to try again at the
new address. I don't know of any MTA or MUA that would automate that
process, nor does a half hour with Google turn up any mention of REDIRECT
used in this context. But it is mentioned several times in RFC 1123,
specifically in Section 3.4 as return code 551. I am not suggesting that
this is a real solution to the problem, but it is an example of what sites
might turn to if RMX proposals were widely adopted.




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Mike,

MR> I have written a new article to help explain RMX records, and would
MR> sincerely appreciate any feedback or comments you might have on it.  The
MR> article here can be found here:

The premise of the scheme is in the following text:

MR> Detecting a forgery begins by realizing that email systems never
MR> legitimately use third-party relays anymore.

What this therefore asserts is that the domain name in a From field is
always tied to a fixed set of originating MTAs.

The presumption is incorrect.

For a variety of reasons -- notably for some mobile users -- the
originating MTA may well be unable to know the set of valid domains
sending from it.  That is, some mobile users must be able to
spontaneously post through different MTAs.

This highlights an important requirement for evaluating proposals:  What
*valid* scenarios does it prevent?

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX proposals and Nash Equilibrium 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sat, 03 May 2003 17:51:17 EDT."
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Date: Sun, 04 May 2003 10:35:57 -0400

Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org> wrote:
> Given that Hotmail participated, would I set my mailer to check MAIL FROM
> RR records? If sendmail supported it as a feature, I probably would. It
> would cut 50% of my incoming spam, with very few type two errors. So in
> the short run I have a substantial positive incentive to do the checking.
> But remember that most mail won't come from checkable addresses. I can't
> start rejecting that mail without justifiable complaints from my users.

  That's not the point.

  The usual idea is that any new anti-spam method allows MTA
administrators to catch & delete spam.  This idea is wrong.

  Anti-spam methods allow MTA administrators to make better decisions
with less work, than their curent methods.  If one of the outcomes of
those decisions is to drop mail, then it's a local MTA issue, and
totally unrelated to the anti-spam method.


  An alternative policy approach for sites implementing RMX lookups
would be to rate-limit non-RMX connections to some small amount of
bandwidth.  Mail from non-RMX sites would still get through, but would
be punished relative to RMX aware sites.

> Would I have much incentive to register my server names? To start with,
> very little, as I am not aware of any spammers using my return address,

  You're lucky.  Nothing more.

> But there are millions of possible names. Spammers could use all of them -
> they already have them, after all. At that point the incentive for sites
> to check incoming mail is greatly reduced. If there are any disadvantages
> (and there are some related to roving users and forwarded mail) then a
> dramatic reduction in the advantage might sink the proposal at
> non-participating sites. It won't catch 50% of the mail anymore , but only
> a tiny fraction.

  What you're missing is that email is not evenly distributed across
domains.  So if even 20% of mail to an ISP comes from a few sites
implementing RMX, that 20% will contain little to no spam.

  In addition, RMX still allows nearly zero-cost "grouping" of
messages into categories:  accountable originating MTA's, and
non-accountable ones.  At that point, it becomes feasible to drop
nearly all content filtering for accountable originators, because you
can trust (at some level) that any spam from them will be
non-deniable, and that they will probably deal with the issue.

> Therefore I believe that the eventual equilibrium is that many domains may
> register allowed SMTP sources for their outgoing mail, and some will
> reject incoming mail which does not match one of the registered domains,
> but that essentially no sites will reject mail from non-participating
> domains and spammers will not use registered domains in MAIL FROM:
> addresses. Net improvement:  little or none.

  Nonsense.  Again, you're stuck on the idea that the MTA choices are
to drop the mail, or to accept it blindly.  There are more options.

  Non-RMX sites can be put through a content filter which has a high
false positive rate, but a low false negative one.  Any bounce/error
message from the content filter can say "Because you didn't do
anything which allowed us to trivially verify you, we're doing the
work, and we're doing it in a way to make us happy.  If it means
dumping your messages, well, it sucks to be you."

> Compare this to connection IP address based blacklists of open relays. In
> that case each participating site benefits from refusing mail from open
> relays.

  Again with the accept/refuse...

> As relays are closed the remaining relays share the traffic among a
> smaller group. The increased traffic increases the incentive for the
> remaining relays to close up.

  True, but irrelevant.  Little spam comes from open relays.  A lot
comes from knowingly complicit senders, from "owned" machines, or from
throw-away accounts.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 04 May 2003 06:56:59 PDT."
             <197812365059.20030504065659@brandenburg.com> 
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Date: Sun, 04 May 2003 10:49:52 -0400

Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net> wrote:
> What this therefore asserts is that the domain name in a From field is
> always tied to a fixed set of originating MTAs.
> 
> The presumption is incorrect.

  I agree.  But I still like RMX.

  What's important for me is that RMX allows the receiving MTA to
trivially discover that the originating domain has consented to send
mail from that MTA.  Right now, we have *no* way of verifying the
originators consent.

> For a variety of reasons -- notably for some mobile users -- the
> originating MTA may well be unable to know the set of valid domains
> sending from it.  That is, some mobile users must be able to
> spontaneously post through different MTAs.

  I've heard this before, and I have no idea why it's true.

  Are there NO other methods which a mobile user may use to send mail?
SMTP is only one of many protocols used to send/receive email.

> This highlights an important requirement for evaluating proposals:  What
> *valid* scenarios does it prevent?

  Used properly, RMX doesn't prevent anything.  It simply allows the
recipient MTA to make faster, better decisions about how to deal with
the email.

  No RMX?  Run the message through a content filter with a high false
positive rate.  RMX?  Run the message through a content filter with a
high false negative rate (spam is now accountable, and traceable...)

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Revised proposal
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From: "Scott Nelson" <scott@spamwolf.com>
> Mailblocks holds and is enforcing two patents on challenge response.
> (US 6,199,102 and US 6,112,227)
>
> This doesn't kill the idea entirely, but I do think it's bad form to
> require something that uses patented technology without at least
> mentioning the patent.
>
> P.S.
> I Hope the pending lawsuit will make this point moot.
> Shameless plug for my take on the subject, and a plea for more prior art;
>    http://www.spamwolf.com/patents/

Thanks for pointing that out.  This would be bad since I think the key thing in my
proposal is that a certified server must use challenge-response for
"unauthenticated" mail.  Not only is this the bridge from the current system, I
think revocation of credentials would be much prompter if there were a viable, yet
slightly annoying fallback.  That challenge-response is slightly annoying is a
feature, not a bug!

This is more serious than patents on sender authentication, since I think more than
one authenticating technology, as well as authenticating authority, can coexist.

Still, I would like to get a list of any related patents, as well as other potential
legal issues.

And thanks for your work in uncovering prior art.




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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX proposals and Nash Equilibrium 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 04 May 2003 11:04:23 EDT."
             <p06000f0bbadadc161aaa@[192.168.1.104]> 
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Date: Sun, 04 May 2003 12:13:00 -0400

Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
> >   An alternative policy approach for sites implementing RMX lookups
> >would be to rate-limit non-RMX connections to some small amount of
> >bandwidth.  Mail from non-RMX sites would still get through, but would
> >be punished relative to RMX aware sites.
> 
> What MTAs currently support rate-limiting?

  I don't know.  But there are lower layer rate limiters: QoS.

  The solution to the spam problem will often require things outside
of the SMTP world.  Bandwidth limitations on SMTP connections are just
one possibility.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: [Asrg] Requirements for anti-spam systems
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Date: Sun, 04 May 2003 12:25:31 -0400

  Based on recent discussions, I would suggest an update to the requirements:

> 1.	must minimize unwanted messages to some acceptable level
> 2.	must not affect delivery(latency, integrity, cost, reliability) of
>  	wanted messages to a point that would effect the normal use of email

  2a) must not require that any message be accepted or rejected

  Much of the discussion around anti-spam systems indicates that most
people think that anti-spam systems are "either-or" type of systems.
i.e. As a result of applying the system to the message, it is either
accepted or rejected.  I would like to discourage such thinking.

  Anti-spam systems should be designed to give the local administrator
more information with which to make accept/reject decisions.  The
systems themselves hould not require that the adminstrator do anything
with the message, as the action taken after deciding a message is spam
is entirely up to local site policy.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] RMX proposals and Nash Equilibrium 
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On Sunday, May 04, 2003 12:13 PM, Alan DeKok [SMTP:aland@freeradius.org] wrote:
> Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
> > >   An alternative policy approach for sites implementing RMX lookups
> > >would be to rate-limit non-RMX connections to some small amount of
> > >bandwidth.  Mail from non-RMX sites would still get through, but would
> > >be punished relative to RMX aware sites.
> >
> > What MTAs currently support rate-limiting?
>
>   I don't know.  But there are lower layer rate limiters: QoS.
>
>   The solution to the spam problem will often require things outside
> of the SMTP world.  Bandwidth limitations on SMTP connections are just
> one possibility.

I agree, and those approaches have and are being used.  However they affect the 
rate of reception of 'spam' and not 'spam' as a percentage of messages in the 
MTS, I take your point though that many measures to reduce and prevent spam (as 
well as technologies to combat it) will not have direct interaction with SMTP 
or depend on it.

That's not saying that interaction with MTA software/processes won't occur only 
no protocol interaction.  There are some I suspect who would argue that all 
'spaminess' must be detected in the SMTP transactions (and that has advantages) 
I just don't buy it.  I think the technologies to control the policy boundaries 
for messaging exist and RMX is part of the solution, how much of a part I don't 
know.

Daniel's piece on equilibrium was couched in the context of aliases and 
.forward files, the question was how to handle that bit using RMX (or could it 
be achieved at all, since it is posited as a deficiency).

-e
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   of "Sun, 04 May 2003 10:49:52 EDT." <E19CKoL-0006M3-00@mail.nitros9.org> 
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Date: Sun, 04 May 2003 12:16:42 -0700

On Sun, 04 May 2003 10:49:52 -0400 
Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org> wrote:
> Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net> wrote:

>> What this therefore asserts is that the domain name in a From field
>> is always tied to a fixed set of originating MTAs.
 
>> The presumption is incorrect.

>   I agree.  But I still like RMX.

> What's important for me is that RMX allows the receiving MTA to
> trivially discover that the originating domain has consented to send
> mail from that MTA.  

That doesn't work for things like yahoo, mail.com, etc who offer
POP/IMAP accounts to arbitrary users without an outbound smarthost.

> Right now, we have *no* way of verifying the originators consent.

It specifically doesn't work for me as I aggregate mail from ~8
addresses here at home, and have my MUA configured to automatically
generate the correct From: header depending on what folder I'm sending
mail from.  Of the eight domains involved, I control only two...

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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MR> I have written a new article to help explain RMX records, and would
MR> sincerely appreciate any feedback or comments you might have on it.  The
MR> article here can be found here:

DC> The premise of the scheme is in the following text:

	Detecting a forgery begins by realizing that email systems never
	legitimately use third-party relays anymore.

Dave,

Thank you very much for writing!

I must respectfully disagree; this is emphatically not the premise of the
scheme.

The sentence you cite comes from the section on how present-day forgery
detection works.  If you read on, about two paragraphs below, I write:

	The problem with the forgery check just described is that while
	<em>most</em> sites obey this convention, there is no shortage of
	exceptions and marginal cases.  One issue is that small sites
	sometimes use their hosting company's mail server, and the
	business relationship might not be obvious from whois records.
	Also, some organizations do not (yet) provide remote
	authenticated SMTP services for traveling members, relying
	instead on laptops which send their messages directly.
	
	However, there is a way to make the forgery check robust, which
	we shall now demonstrate by way of example.

It is not until after this point that RMX records are introduced.

In order to make this point clearer, I have added the text:

	(certain exceptions to this rule, discussed below, are the reason
	forgery detection is currently an inexact science)

immediately after the phrase you cite.

Does that make it clearer?

Thanks again--

Respectfully yours,
Mike

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for anti-spam systems
To: "Alan DeKok"  <aland@freeradius.org>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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>   2a) must not require that any message be accepted or rejected
> 
>   Much of the discussion around anti-spam systems indicates that most
> people think that anti-spam systems are "either-or" type of systems.

At some point a message MUST be either accepted (in some sense) or rejected
(even if silently). Unless you're thinking about schrodingers email that
is.





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DC> What this therefore asserts is that the domain name in a From field
DC> is always tied to a fixed set of originating MTAs.

DC> The presumption is incorrect.

AD> I agree.  But I still like RMX.

AD> What's important for me is that RMX allows the receiving MTA to
AD> trivially discover that the originating domain has consented to send
AD> mail from that MTA.  

JCL> That doesn't work for things like yahoo, mail.com, etc who offer
JCL> POP/IMAP accounts to arbitrary users without an outbound smarthost.

JCL> It specifically doesn't work for me as I aggregate mail from ~8
JCL> addresses here at home, and have my MUA configured to automatically
JCL> generate the correct From: header depending on what folder I'm 
JCL> sending mail from.  Of the eight domains involved, I control only 
JCL> two...

Dear J.C.,

I'm in exactly the same boat here--multiple accounts on different machines 
without outbound smarthosts.

This is not an insurmountable problem, though.  When the administrator of
a system decides to implement RMX records, he will need to provide
SMTP-AUTH or VPN or even a port-25 ssh tunnel.  Many (most?) sites already
do something like this, but it's only fair to factor it into the work 
involved in implementing the RMX approach.  I have added a note to that 
effect at the bottom of the page:

	http://www.mikerubel.org/computers/rmx_records/#notes_limitrelays

Even with this cost factored in, however, I still believe that the RMX
solution is far better (smaller effort required to implement and fewer
things broken) than any other solution I have seen to the email forgery
problem.

Best regards,
Mike

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On Sat, 3 May 2003, Daniel Feenberg wrote:
> If the proposal starts to gain some traction - say a few large sites start
> to enforce RMX requirements were the MAIL FROM: address matches a site
> supporting RMX records. Very soon spammers would learn not to use hotmail
> return addresses, and what happens then? It won't cost them any more to
> use an non-participating site as the MAIL FROM: address. They might pick
> mine, which would give me a real incentive to register.
> 
> But there are millions of possible names. Spammers could use all of them -
> they already have them, after all. At that point the incentive for sites
> to check incoming mail is greatly reduced.

Dear Daniel,

This is a very interesting analysis.  May I raise an objection though?

Combating spam is not the only incentive for sites to check RMX on
incoming mail.  The other incentive is to avoid being misled.  I would
argue, for example, that it is more important to correctly identify a
forgery claiming to come from (for example) one of a site's software
providers, business partners, or family members than it is to correctly
discern forgeries from other, unrelated sites or people.  This factor
means recipients are more likely to check RMX than a pure spam-rejection
analysis would suggest.

If the equilibrium is high enough, mail coming from a non-RMX site would
have a significantly higher probability of being spam, meaning filters
like spamassassin would give it a lower rejection threshold.  This factor
gives all senders (including those for which the first argument doesn't
apply) a strong incentive to implement RMX.

Overall, I think that the equilibrium RMX penetration would be much higher
than you suspect, but since neither of our analyses are quantitative,
we'll just have to see.  :)

> Compare this to connection IP address based blacklists of open relays.

And yet it does not appear that IP blacklists will resolve the spam
problem either.  There are too many exploitable machines on the `net, and
too many exploits being discovered daily.  I believe there is a consensus
that the only way to fix this problem in the long term is through a
cocktail of attacks--intelligent filters, blacklisting of relays, improved
accountability of SMTP through RMX, and governmental pressure.

Mike

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
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On Sun, 4 May 2003 13:27:23 -0700 (PDT) 
Mike Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org> wrote:

> I'm in exactly the same boat here--multiple accounts on different
> machines without outbound smarthosts.

I'm in a slightly different position to that: multiple accounts on the
same machine.  Umm, actually its slightly worse than that thru
repetition.

> This is not an insurmountable problem, though.  When the administrator
> of a system decides to implement RMX records, he will need to provide
> SMTP-AUTH or VPN or even a port-25 ssh tunnel.  Many (most?) sites
> already do something like this, but it's only fair to factor it into
> the work involved in implementing the RMX approach.  I have added a
> note to that effect at the bottom of the page:

An additional cost there is MTA configuration, a non-trivial problem.
Consider the case of someone with multiple accounts etc, using a
non-SMTP based MUA, an MUA which uses localhost SMTP only, or even more
simply, an MUA which doesn't support multiple configurations for
outbound smarthost.  In any/all of those cases support is required from
the localhost MTA -- which in the general case can be assumed to not be
available.

> Even with this cost factored in, however, I still believe that the RMX
> solution is far better (smaller effort required to implement and fewer
> things broken) than any other solution I have seen to the email
> forgery problem.

I've a fondness for forward signed Received: headers, but that attacks a
different aspect of the forgery problem.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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Alan,

AD>   What's important for me is that RMX allows the receiving MTA to
AD> trivially discover that the originating domain has consented to send
AD> mail from that MTA.  Right now, we have *no* way of verifying the
AD> originators consent.

if you find the rmx record, and then you know the posting is through an
authorized MTA.

if you do NOT find the rmx record, you do not know anything.

so, what is the real utility of the rmx record?

that is, what can you safely do, versus not do?



>> For a variety of reasons -- notably for some mobile users -- the
>> originating MTA may well be unable to know the set of valid domains
>> sending from it.  That is, some mobile users must be able to
>> spontaneously post through different MTAs.

AD>   I've heard this before, and I have no idea why it's true.

firewall blockage of outbound port 25.  relatively common.

it means that mobile users often must re-configure their outbound MTA to
be something new and transient.


AD>   Are there NO other methods which a mobile user may use to send mail?

no.


AD> SMTP is only one of many protocols used to send/receive email.

interesting.  i believe there are no others.  ("submit" is simply smtp on
another port.)  which ones are you referring to?

I also believe that if there were others, it would not solve this
problem.



d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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At 10:49 AM 5/4/03 -0400, Alan DeKok wrote:
>Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net> wrote:
>> What this therefore asserts is that the domain name in a From field is
>> always tied to a fixed set of originating MTAs.
>> 
>> The presumption is incorrect.
>
>  I agree.  But I still like RMX.
>
>  What's important for me is that RMX allows the receiving MTA to
>trivially discover that the originating domain has consented to send
>mail from that MTA.  Right now, we have *no* way of verifying the
>originators consent.
>

If the RMX matches the IP, it's a good bet the domain is not forged.
If the RMX doesn't match, all bets are off.


>> For a variety of reasons -- notably for some mobile users -- the
>> originating MTA may well be unable to know the set of valid domains
>> sending from it.  That is, some mobile users must be able to
>> spontaneously post through different MTAs.
>
>  I've heard this before, and I have no idea why it's true.
>
>  Are there NO other methods which a mobile user may use to send mail?
>SMTP is only one of many protocols used to send/receive email.
>

It's not so much that they can't as that they don't.
And they don't because it's useful to do otherwise.

>> This highlights an important requirement for evaluating proposals:  What
>> *valid* scenarios does it prevent?
>
>  Used properly, RMX doesn't prevent anything.  It simply allows the
>recipient MTA to make faster, better decisions about how to deal with
>the email.
>
>  No RMX?  Run the message through a content filter with a high false
>positive rate.  RMX?  Run the message through a content filter with a
>high false negative rate (spam is now accountable, and traceable...)
>

"used properly" aye - there's the rub.
Draft-danisch-dns-rr-smtp-01.txt mentions that receiving servers
are free to drop email that doesn't have an RMX record.
That may be true, but IMO it isn't best practice.

The questions I have are;
What percentage of the people who use it will use it improperly?
And what happens when it's used improperly?

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>

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AD> Are there NO other methods which a mobile user may use to send mail?

DC> no.

Dave,

What about VPN?  What about stunnel?  What about smtp-auth?  What about
Courier's "outbox" for IMAP over SSL?  Heck, what about ssh tunnels?  
There are many, many well-known, widely-used mobile user solutions that
either do not involve a direct SMTP connection or add some sort of strong
authentication, and plenty of them are freely available.  Even in the most
restricted case that I can imagine--mobile users whose only access to the
system is via public web terminals--the organization could install an
https webmail system, and there are a lot of very good free ones out
there.

An organization that wishes to implement RMX records is not exactly
limited in its options.  But should an organization not wish to implement
RMX records (yet), it can choose not to, and everything will continue to
work as it does now.

Perhaps I'm not understanding your objection?

Mike

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SN> If the RMX matches the IP, it's a good bet the domain is not forged.
SN> If the RMX doesn't match, all bets are off.

One more case here--if RMX is present and doesn't match, the message is 
definitely forged (or the system is misconfigured).

If the sender doesn't want to bother with RMX, he or she simply doesn't
post RMX records.

There is no legitimate situation where RMX is present and does not match
on a valid email.

AD> Used properly, RMX doesn't prevent anything.  It simply allows the
AD> recipient MTA to make faster, better decisions about how to deal with
AD> the email.

SN> "used properly" aye - there's the rub.
SN> Draft-danisch-dns-rr-smtp-01.txt mentions that receiving servers
SN> are free to drop email that doesn't have an RMX record.
SN> That may be true, but IMO it isn't best practice.

Receivers are free to do anything they like with the email; I had pictured
RMX providing information to (for example) spamassassin.

SN> The questions I have are;
SN> What percentage of the people who use it will use it improperly?
SN> And what happens when it's used improperly?

If it's used improperly, then mail gets dropped--the same thing that
happens when the recipient's mail server or DNS is configured improperly,
or if its spam filter is too aggressive.  Users complain, and the system
gets fixed.

RMX is about the least-complicated (and therefore least error-prone)  
solution to this problem that I've seen, though.  Do you know of other
solutions are less likely to be used improperly?

Mike

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Mike,


AD>> Are there NO other methods which a mobile user may use to send mail?

MR> What about VPN?  What about stunnel?

those are not mail protocols.

MR>   What about smtp-auth?

smtp-auth is an option to smtp.  so, it is smtp.

MR>   What about
MR> Courier's "outbox" for IMAP over SSL?

I don't know what you are referring to, but it is not an Internet
standard for posting mail.


MR>   Heck, what about ssh tunnels?

not a mail protocol.


MR> Perhaps I'm not understanding your objection?

possibly.



d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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On Sun, 4 May 2003 14:44:07 -0700 
Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net> wrote:
> Alan,

>> SMTP is only one of many protocols used to send/receive email.

> interesting.  i believe there are no others.  ("submit" is simply smtp
> on another port.)  which ones are you referring to?

In descending order of popularity: SMTP, UUCP, LMTP, and FIDO are the
one's I'm familiar with for Internet email.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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Hi Dave et al,

AD> Are there NO other methods which a mobile user may use to send mail?

MR> What about VPN?  What about stunnel?

DC> those are not mail protocols.

True, but they are "other methods which a mobile user may use to send
mail." My point is that if an organization with mobile users wants to
implement RMX, it has plenty of options already available.  Some work may
be involved, but it's hardly a show-stopper.

In any case, introducing RMX involves far less work than replacing SMTP,
which many have suggested, and it gives each organization the freedom to
make a change--or not--on its own schedule and terms.

Mike

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Mike,

DC>> those are not mail protocols.
MR> True, but they are "other methods which a mobile user may use to send
MR> mail."

no they are not.

in some cases, they are other methods for running smtp, besides using a
raw tcp/ip channel.

but they ultimately either use smtp or they are not for email.

please let's try not to introduce "let's invent new and special ways for
individual sites to do special things."  non-standardized methods do not
scale to the rest of the Internet.


MR> In any case, introducing RMX involves far less work than replacing SMTP,

and it does not accomplish what you seem to think it accomplishes.

you have not addressed the minor problem that failure to find an rmx
record has ambiguous meaning.  hence it is not at all clear what the
benefit is when you DO find the entry.


SN>> If the RMX matches the IP, it's a good bet the domain is not forged.
SN>> If the RMX doesn't match, all bets are off.
 MR> One more case here--if RMX is present and doesn't match, the message is
MR> definitely forged (or the system is misconfigured).

You are quite wrong.  When you do not find a matching rmx record, the
only thing you know is that there is no rmx record.  There are at least
two different reasons possible.  forgery is only one of them.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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J,

JCL> On Sun, 4 May 2003 14:44:07 -0700 
JCL> Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net> wrote:
>> Alan,

>>> SMTP is only one of many protocols used to send/receive email.

>> interesting.  i believe there are no others.  ("submit" is simply smtp
>> on another port.)  which ones are you referring to?

JCL> In descending order of popularity: SMTP, UUCP, LMTP, and FIDO are the
JCL> one's I'm familiar with for Internet email.

 I apologize.

 I took the word "used" to mean "used on the Internet, in sufficient
 quantity to demonstrate global utility."

 We are, after all, discussing use on the global Internet.

 It seems unlikely that anyone is going to seriously suggest uucp or
 fido. (I don't recall the details of fido, for email, but uucp is too
 creaky to even discuss for modern usage.

 LMTP is simply SMTP on a different port.


d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
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DC> those are not mail protocols.

MR> True, but they are "other methods which a mobile user may use to send
MR> mail."

DC> no they are not.
DC> 
DC> in some cases, they are other methods for running smtp, besides using a
DC> raw tcp/ip channel.
DC> 
DC> but they ultimately either use smtp or they are not for email.
DC> please let's try not to introduce "let's invent new and special ways for
DC> individual sites to do special things."  non-standardized methods do not
DC> scale to the rest of the Internet.

1. They solve the problem you raised, namely that mobile users may not be
   able to reach port 25 on their organization's outbound mail servers 
   because of firewall or other restrictions.  Or was that not your 
   objection?

2. They are neither special nor non-standard; using email through one's
   internal network via VPN (to draw just one of the examples I provided)
   is quite common on the Internet nowadays.  I'm not sure what you mean
   by "does not scale to the rest of the Internet".

We seem to be degenerating into semantics here.  Yes, the connections are
SMTP (which is good and standard), or whatever else the sender wishes, and
they may be tunneled.

DC> you have not addressed the minor problem that failure to find an rmx
DC> record has ambiguous meaning.  hence it is not at all clear what the
DC> benefit is when you DO find the entry.

Please see below.

SN> If the RMX matches the IP, it's a good bet the domain is not forged.
SN> If the RMX doesn't match, all bets are off.

MR> One more case here--if RMX is present and doesn't match, the message is
MR> definitely forged (or the system is misconfigured).

DC> You are quite wrong.  When you do not find a matching rmx record, the
DC> only thing you know is that there is no rmx record.  There are at least
DC> two different reasons possible.  forgery is only one of them.

Ah, I think I see the confusion:

	1. RMX record present + received IP address matches

		--> email is not a forgery

	2. RMX record present + received IP address does not match

		--> email is a forgery

		    (or sender's mail system is misconfigured)

	3. RMX record not present

		--> email is either a forgery or not a forgery; no
		    information.  This is the way all email works now.

	4. Unable to contact the sender's nameserver

		--> up to the recipient; possibly hold the message in
		    quarantine until the nameserver comes back online,
		    or forward it with a warning.

In every case, the RMX check provides information that can be passed on to
intelligent spam filters to help them make better decisions.

You may object that case (#3) does not really provide any information.
Right now, and that's true, but as RMX becomes more common, absence of an 
RMX record will become a gradually stronger indicator of spam.

So far as I can tell, the system does perform its intended job, which is
to give senders a way to allow their recipients to distinguish between
forged and non-forged mail.  Spammers could still send spam, but would be
unable to represent the spam as having come from an RMX-protected domain.

Is that clearer?

Best regards,
Mike

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Mike,


MR>         3. RMX record not present
MR>                 --> email is either a forgery or not a forgery; no
MR>                     information.  This is the way all email works now.

MR> You may object that case (#3) does not really provide any information.
MR> Right now, and that's true, but as RMX becomes more common, absence of an
MR> RMX record will become a gradually stronger indicator of spam.


When discussion adoption of Internet services, statements of the general
form "it will not be much use until there is widespread adoption, and
then it will be quite useful" are problematic.

Internet adoption of changes to existing services takes 5-10 years, at
least.


d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
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Date: Sun, 04 May 2003 23:32:15 -0700

On Sun, 4 May 2003 21:11:10 -0700 
Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net> wrote:

> It seems unlikely that anyone is going to seriously suggest uucp or
> fido. 

FIDO lack of usage and deployment I'll accept, however UUCP remains in
wide deployment and usage to this day, and is even aggressively growing
in a number of areas.  Much of the third world (Africa in particular)
hangs off UUCP links, as do large stretches of Scandinavia (Norway and
Finland in particular).

> (I don't recall the details of fido, for email, but uucp is too creaky
> to even discuss for modern usage.

Yet it remains in wide modern usage.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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Date: Sun, 4 May 2003 19:10:36 -0400

At 12:39 PM -0400 5/4/03, Eric D. Williams wrote:
>no protocol interaction.  There are some I suspect who would argue that all
>'spaminess' must be detected in the SMTP transactions (and that has 
>advantages)

Given that two different people may consider the same list to be, or 
not be, spam.  And that it is not always possible to determine the 
final recipient at the SMTP transaction point, I think it's pretty 
clear that this isn't possible.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Sat, 3 May 2003 23:26:58 -0400

At 9:28 PM -0400 5/3/03, Eric D. Williams wrote:
>I mean, I buy a movie ticket and check the box that says send confirmation in
>eMail.  Or, I go to a rental car web site and reserve a car and the 'system'
>states a confirmation of my reservation information has been sent via eMail.
>  That kinda thing.  I am not sure which of those situations is closer to what
>you are talking about.  If you are getting Alamo confirmations that 
>sounds like
>a flaw in their system and not in the general Internet system for messaging.
>  BTW, what do you call that type of message - a misdirected message or a
>message caused by misconfiguration?

Well, the cause is clear enough.  Someone lied to them about their 
email address.  My main point is that people are using non-confirmed 
email (opt-out) for transactional email.  That's incredibly 
stupid--but true.  So long as people believe that an email address 
entered on a form is "opt-in", that kind of thing will continue. 
Unfortunately that is in fact how most of the email subscriptions in 
the world work.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Sat, 3 May 2003 20:25:48 -0400

At 4:49 PM -0400 5/3/03, Eric D. Williams wrote:
>Is opt-out a viable concept?

Before we get too far down this, let's have some definitions.

What do you mean by "opt-out"?  In particular, where did the company 
get your email address from in the first place?

- bought it
- they got mail from someone with your from address
- someone entered it on their web site
- got it offline from someone claiming to be you

Which of those are opt-out?  And what are the others?

Yes, there's a negative slant to my examples.  I've received 
unsolicited email from people claiming all of the above (except 
perhaps the last one).

>BTW, I think that transactional messages are all explicit opt-in 
>messages (this
>I derive from anecdotal experience with eCommerce purchasing, e.g. send
>confirmation in e-mail, reading the consent agreement at transaction 
>completion

I'm not sure what you mean by this.  But if you mean that 
transactional email always uses confirmations, that is definitely not 
true.  As a case in point, if anyone wants a rental car in their 
name, just let me know.  wormalert@somewhere.com gets several Alamo 
rental car confirmations every week, and from those messages I can go 
to the GoAlamo web site and redirect the car rental to any 
destination and renter's name that I want.  This despite the fact 
that every email to the address gets a bounce message back.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for anti-spam systems 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 04 May 2003 21:25:01 BST."
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Date: Mon, 05 May 2003 10:19:25 -0400

"Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com> wrote:
> >   Much of the discussion around anti-spam systems indicates that most
> > people think that anti-spam systems are "either-or" type of systems.
> 
> At some point a message MUST be either accepted (in some sense) or rejected
> (even if silently). Unless you're thinking about schrodingers email that
> is.

  <sigh>  The accept/reject decision is based on local policy, NOT on
the application of the anti-spam system.  It's an apparently subtle
distinction that has wide-ranging implications for the design and use
of anti-spam systems.

  The link between the anti-spam system and local policy is one that
the local administrator chooses to make.  The link is NOT automatic,
and people using anti-spam systems are NOT required to do exactly what
the system recommends, on pain of anti-spam police breaking down their
door, and arresting them.


  Designing an anti-spam system which will be the "magic bullet" to
stop all spam is nonsense.  Local administrators will ALWAYS configure
their systems in ways which make them happy, even if it means
accepting spam, or rejecting non-spam.  That knowledge of their
behaviour can be added in to the requirements and design of an
anti-spam system, so that the administrators have the information with
which to make the best possible decision.

  No one likes a bully.  Even if it's an anti-spam bully saying "This
is spam!  You must delete it!"

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 04 May 2003 14:44:07 PDT."
             <136840390347.20030504144407@brandenburg.com> 
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Date: Mon, 05 May 2003 10:32:18 -0400

Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net> wrote:
> if you find the rmx record, and then you know the posting is through an
> authorized MTA.
> 
> if you do NOT find the rmx record, you do not know anything.

  Exactly.

> so, what is the real utility of the rmx record?

  Umm... you have more information with which to make better
decisions?  That doesn't seem like a bad thing.

> that is, what can you safely do, versus not do?

  For RMX systems, you can safely be more liberal in filtering
messages, because you have some level of confidence that any spam
coming from RMX systems will be traceable and accountable.  That
doesn't seem like a bad thing to me.

> AD>   Are there NO other methods which a mobile user may use to send mail?
> 
> no.

  I disagree most strongly.

> AD> SMTP is only one of many protocols used to send/receive email.
> 
> interesting.  i believe there are no others.  ("submit" is simply smtp on
> another port.)  which ones are you referring to?

  Some people have posted other alternatives.  An additional one is
mail via a web interface.  If you care about privacy, use SSL.

  The feeling I get here is the same from everyone who's requiring
that mobile users be allowed to send SMTP traffic to any port 25 on
the planet, and to pretend to come from any domain.  They're adamant
that that's the ONLY way they can send mail from remote sites, and
that there are NO other workable alternatives.  The fact that probably
90% of such non-traceable, anonymous traffic worldwide comes from
spammers has no bearing on the subject.

  I'm at a loss to respond to such a position.  It's so trivially,
obviously wrong, that I'm left wondering what I'm missing.

  (I have my suspicions, but in the interest of keeping this
discussion on a technical, rather than political level, I've deleted
the additional paragraph I really wanted to write.)

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 04 May 2003 16:11:01 PDT."
             <aT5vaIe86J8qbrF9002@x> 
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Date: Mon, 05 May 2003 10:35:09 -0400

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com> wrote:
> The questions I have are;
> What percentage of the people who use it will use it improperly?
> And what happens when it's used improperly?

  If the sender uses RMX "improperly", then the receiver sees that RMX
doesn't match the originating MTA.  The receiver can then decide to
treat the message more negatively, than messages where the RMX does
match.  So the sender gets punished for being stupid.

  If the receiver doesn't use RMX properly, then they will make bad
decisions about what's spam, and what's not.  So the receiver gets
punished (by potentially losing mail), for being stupid.

  I don't see any problem here.

  Alan DeKok.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Date: Mon, 5 May 2003 17:01:53 +0200

Dave,

On Sun, May 04, 2003 at 02:44:07PM -0700, Dave Crocker wrote:
> 
> if you find the rmx record, and then you know the posting is through an
> authorized MTA.
> 
> if you do NOT find the rmx record, you do not know anything.
> 
> so, what is the real utility of the rmx record?


that's not how RMX works. That's how several different attempts to 
whitelist authorized MTA's by giving them some kind of A record.
RMX works different.

When doing an RMX lookup for a given pair of sender domain name
and MTA IP address four different cases can occur:


* You get an RMX record and it does cover the sending MTAs IP address.
  -> You know it is authorized
  -> You know how many addresses are authorized, 
     e.g. 213.133.101.23/32  vs.  0/0  as a decision base


* You get an RMX record and it does not cover the IP address.
  -> You know it is not authorized, at least not by RMX.



* You get an authoritative negative answer (No RMX)
  -> You know that the domain owner refuses to publish
     an RMX policy


* You don't get an answer (usual DNS reasons, timeout, routing
                           problem, server down...)

  -> you do not know anything

  

So the utility of the rmx records are the first three of four
cases: They do provide you information needed to base your decision
about what to do with the email on.


regards
Hadmut




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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Date: Mon, 5 May 2003 17:04:32 +0200

On Sun, May 04, 2003 at 04:11:01PM -0700, Scott Nelson wrote:

> Draft-danisch-dns-rr-smtp-01.txt mentions that receiving servers
> are free to drop email that doesn't have an RMX record.

The mail shouldn't be dropped, it should be rejected in order
to give the sending MTA a chance to generate an error message.


regards
Hadmut
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Hadmut,

HD> * You get an authoritative negative answer (No RMX)
HD>   -> You know that the domain owner refuses to publish
HD>      an RMX policy

Sorry, no.

All you know is that the domain owner has not published the record.  You
do not know whether that was from a decision or from sloth.

Really, folks, please understand that adoption of new specifications
takes years.  Until you have adoption, you do NOT have "refusal".  You
have non-adoption.  When something is not used, you cannot know whether
that is due to refusal or whether it is due to not having (yet) adopted
the specification.



HD> So the utility of the rmx records are the first three of four
HD> cases: They do provide you information needed to base your decision
HD> about what to do with the email on.

please provide a concrete example of the differences in handling with,
versus without, the rmx.

so far, those in favor of the rmx record are consistent in believing
that it provides more information than it does.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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J,

JCL> however UUCP remains in wide deployment and usage to this day,


uucp is fine for some specialized (limited) uses.

these days, uucp is a rather rich set of features, and it is extensible.
uucp (rmail) does not come close to supporting even a fraction of the
features smtp has.

while solving one problem, we need to be careful that we do not create a
satchel full of others.


d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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Alan,


>> so, what is the real utility of the rmx record?
AD>   Umm... you have more information with which to make better
AD> decisions?  That doesn't seem like a bad thing.


Spam is about filtering bad guys.  RMX is about labeling good guys.

Hence, with RMX, you still know nothing about bad guys.

How does it help to control spam if you continue to know nothing about
the bad guys?


>> that is, what can you safely do, versus not do?

AD>   For RMX systems, you can safely be more liberal in filtering
AD> messages, because you have some level of confidence that any spam
AD> coming from RMX systems will be traceable and accountable.  That
AD> doesn't seem like a bad thing to me.

What does this mean, exactly?  A different set of filters for RMX-based
mail?  The idea of maintaining two rulesets is a bit daunting.  Seems
unlikely to scale.


>> AD>   Are there NO other methods which a mobile user may use to send mail?
>> 
>> no.

AD>   I disagree most strongly.

>> AD> SMTP is only one of many protocols used to send/receive email.
>> 
>> interesting.  i believe there are no others.  ("submit" is simply smtp on
>> another port.)  which ones are you referring to?

AD>   Some people have posted other alternatives.

no they have not.

On the modern Internet, all of the mail posting semantics are achieved
with SMTP.

The "alternatives" presented were for alternative lower layers, or for
extremely limited email protocols that will never gain large-scale use.
(They have been around long enough to demonstrate this limitation
clearly.)


AD>  An additional one is
AD> mail via a web interface.

oh boy. now you are going to propose an array of non-standard user
interfaces as an email posting protocol?

methinks we have left the world of technical discussion of spam control.

the work here needs to be about protocols.


AD>   The feeling I get here is the same from everyone who's requiring
AD> that mobile users be allowed to send SMTP traffic to any port 25 on
AD> the planet, and to pretend to come from any domain.  They're adamant
AD> that that's the ONLY way they can send mail from remote sites, and
AD> that there are NO other workable alternatives.
...
AD>   I'm at a loss to respond to such a position.  It's so trivially,
AD> obviously wrong, that I'm left wondering what I'm missing.

You are over-interpreting my statements.  They were written carefully.
Please read them the same way.

By way of seeking something constructive out of this, would someone who
believes there are viable alternatives to SMTP -- and that they will

     a) solve or at least reduce the spam problem,

     b) match SMTP's functionality, and

     c) stand some chance of being adopted by the Internet's 100 million
     users

please put forward a technical specification of this "viable"
alternative, so that it moves from a general idea into something
concrete.


d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Mon, 5 May 2003 09:33:39 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>

> ...
>   Umm... you have more information with which to make better
> decisions?  That doesn't seem like a bad thing.

In fact, you have more bits but no more information.

> > that is, what can you safely do, versus not do?
>
>   For RMX systems, you can safely be more liberal in filtering
> messages, 

That has not been established.  It would obviously be false for the
first many years of the deployment of any system certifying the virtue
of incoming mail.  At first, all mail with an RMX tag would be from
people and SMTP clients that don't send spam.  They will often already
be white-listed, and they certainly won't care many other signs of
spam.  Seeing an RMX tag will not tell you or your computers anything
not already known by you and your computers until most of the Internet
uses RMX tags.

The idea of combining imperfect indications virtue or spam in mail is
based on the unstated but false notion that the indications are
independent.  Ten independent indicators that accurate 50% of the time
can be combined to give an answer that is more than 99.9% accurate,
but only if they are independent.  If they are only restatements of
the same thing, such as "this mail is or is not from someone who cares
enough about spam to among the first 1,000,000 or 0.1% of adoptors of X,"
then combining them is a waste.

>           because you have some level of confidence that any spam
> coming from RMX systems will be traceable and accountable.  That
> doesn't seem like a bad thing to me.

How does traceability and accountability reduce spam?  If you believe
the DNS blacklist enthusiasts, most spam is already sufficiently
traceable to be blocked.

Why do you care more about tracing and accounting than not receiving
spam?  That's a rhetorical question, but it involves what I think is
an important point.  Many people do care about tracing spammers.
However, unless you are spammer fighter interested in attacking
spamemrs, you don't care who or where the spammers are if you can
simply arrange to not receive their junk.


> ...
>   The feeling I get here is the same from everyone who's requiring
> that mobile users be allowed to send SMTP traffic to any port 25 on
> the planet, and to pretend to come from any domain.  They're adamant
> that that's the ONLY way they can send mail from remote sites, and
> that there are NO other workable alternatives.  The fact that probably
> 90% of such non-traceable, anonymous traffic worldwide comes from
> spammers has no bearing on the subject.
>
>   I'm at a loss to respond to such a position.  It's so trivially,
> obviously wrong, that I'm left wondering what I'm missing.

You have grossly misrepresented what people have been saying.  No one
has said that mail from from mobile users must be non-traceable and
anonymous.  Thanks to SMTP-AUTH, STARTTLS, pop-before-SMTP, and other
mechanisms, it is usually entirely traceable and not at all anonymous
as far as the first MTA is concerned.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Date: Mon, 05 May 2003 08:40:30 -0700

At 05:04 PM 5/5/03 +0200, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
>On Sun, May 04, 2003 at 04:11:01PM -0700, Scott Nelson wrote:
>
>> Draft-danisch-dns-rr-smtp-01.txt mentions that receiving servers
>> are free to drop email that doesn't have an RMX record.
>
>The mail shouldn't be dropped, it should be rejected in order
>to give the sending MTA a chance to generate an error message.
>

I could swear that I read "may be dropped" in the proposal, 
but now I can't find it.  My bad, sorry.

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>


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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
Message-ID: <20030505153350.GA9254@danisch.de>
References: <E19CKoL-0006M3-00@mail.nitros9.org> <136840390347.20030504144407@brandenburg.com> <20030505150153.GA8609@danisch.de> <145903536566.20030505081634@brandenburg.com>
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Date: Mon, 5 May 2003 17:33:50 +0200

Dave,

On Mon, May 05, 2003 at 08:16:34AM -0700, Dave Crocker wrote:
> 
> Really, folks, please understand that adoption of new specifications
> takes years.  Until you have adoption, you do NOT have "refusal".  You
> have non-adoption.  When something is not used, you cannot know whether
> that is due to refusal or whether it is due to not having (yet) adopted
> the specification.

you're correct in the end user environment (e.g. inventing new 
features for web browsers). You're not correct in the administration
environment of DNS records. >98% of the DNS zone tables fall into
one of the two categories:

- automatically generated by one of the large ISS.
  >80% of german domains could be updated within 24 hours.

- locally generated and maintained zone tables, but under
  control of a good administration crew. It won't be much 
  work to understand what RMX is and how it works. 


Once RMX could become running, I estimate that >70% of german domains
could be updated within 3 months and >95% within 6-9 months.

I know what I am talking about. I was working for the largest german 
domain and web service provider, hosting the DNS tables for about
70% of german domains.

regards
Hadmut



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Hadmut,

HD> you're correct in the end user environment (e.g. inventing new
HD> features for web browsers). You're not correct in the administration
HD> environment of DNS records. >98% of the DNS zone tables fall into
HD> one of the two categories:

Please review the last 10 years of history, concerning the adoption of
new Internet protocols. And please remember that protocols are adopted
by system administrators, not users.

Adoption takes much, much longer than folks seem to be appreciating.

Please also realize that what is possible in one environment is almost
never possible in *all* environments.  So when you cite what is possible
in one place, chose several other, unrelated environments and see
whether it is equally possible to achieve the same, wonderful things.

Usually it is not.


HD> I know what I am talking about. I was working for the largest german
HD> domain and web service provider, hosting the DNS tables for about
HD> 70% of german domains.

Please recite your experiences with Malaysian ISPs, US ISPs, Bolivian
ISPs and Tunisian ISPs.  They, too, must accomplish adoption before the
proposed mechanism is useful.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 05 May 2003 08:05:36 PDT."
             <194902879171.20030505080536@brandenburg.com> 
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Date: Mon, 05 May 2003 12:00:57 -0400

Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net> wrote:
> Spam is about filtering bad guys.  RMX is about labeling good guys.
> 
> Hence, with RMX, you still know nothing about bad guys.

  I don't quite agree.

> How does it help to control spam if you continue to know nothing about
> the bad guys?

  Right now, we have a pool of SMTP originators.  The pool contains
both good guys, and bad guys.  It's difficult and expensive for any
recipient to distinguish between them.

  With tools like RMX, a recipient can easily seperate the pool into
"accountable" originators, and "unknown" originators.  This means that
the bad guys are more likely to be marked as bad guys, and the good
guys less likely to be so marked.  While this doesn't give you direct
information about the bad guys, it does give you indirect information:
They're not the good guys.

  In summary, RMX allows us to increase our confidence in the marking
probability for bad guys.

> AD>   For RMX systems, you can safely be more liberal in filtering
> AD> messages, because you have some level of confidence that any spam
> AD> coming from RMX systems will be traceable and accountable.  That
> AD> doesn't seem like a bad thing to me.
> 
> What does this mean, exactly?  A different set of filters for RMX-based
> mail?  The idea of maintaining two rulesets is a bit daunting.  Seems
> unlikely to scale.

  I don't see why.  Run spam assassin, and for messages from RMX
systems, set the "spam" threshold high, so that it's more forgiving.
For messages from non-RMX systems, set it low, so it's less forgiving.

  Maintaining two numbers shouldn't be difficult for a seasoned system
administrator.

> On the modern Internet, all of the mail posting semantics are achieved
> with SMTP.

  That's nice, but it leads me to a few questions:

  - What changes, if any, may be made to a recipient MTA or MUA, in
order to fight spam?

  - What changes, if any, may be made to an originating MTA or MUA, in
order to fight spam?

  From what I can tell, your answer to the second question appears to
be "None".  If the answer to the first question is also "None", then
I don't see why we're pretending we want to solve the spam problem.

> AD>  An additional one is
> AD> mail via a web interface.
> 
> oh boy. now you are going to propose an array of non-standard user
> interfaces as an email posting protocol?

  No... I'm saying that mobile users can today choose methods other
than SMTP for sending mail.  They're ugly, they're awkward, but
they're also proven to work for thousands of people.


  And as someone who's inundated with spam, I have *no* problem with a
local site policy saying "people who lie about their originating
domain go into the bit-bucket with the spammers."  That's my
perogative, and I believe that with systems like RMX, many recipient
MTA's will be making similar choices.  Mobile users who refuse to use
VPN's will then discover that most of their mail gets bounced.

> By way of seeking something constructive out of this, would someone who
> believes there are viable alternatives to SMTP 

  I believe there are viable alternatives to naked, un-accountable
SMTP for mobile users.  VPN's, authenticated relaying, etc., all
exist, and are in wide-spread deployment.

  What I'm missing about the "mobile user & naked SMTP" problem is
why, as the recipient of such email, it's *my* problem to filter out
mobile users from the spammers who use similar methods.  Is it really
that difficult or contentious to ask mobile users to use a VPN?


> -- and that they will
> 
>      a) solve or at least reduce the spam problem,

  Allow MTA's to verify the originator of the email?

>      b) match SMTP's functionality, and

  SMTP over a VPN seems to be a good solution.

>      c) stand some chance of being adopted by the Internet's 100 million
>      users

  Companies are selling these solutions today for mobile users, and
are making a living at it.

> please put forward a technical specification of this "viable"
> alternative, so that it moves from a general idea into something
> concrete.

  I'm not proposing that we scrap SMTP.  But I still haven't heard
reasons why naked SMTP is the ONLY possible method for mobile users to
send email.  Alternatives exist today, and are in wide-spread
deployment.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Date: Mon, 5 May 2003 18:03:39 +0200

Dave,

On Mon, May 05, 2003 at 08:40:27AM -0700, Dave Crocker wrote:
> 
> Please review the last 10 years of history, concerning the adoption of
> new Internet protocols.


Please remember, what the Internet has been 10 years ago. HTTP
and Mosaic were just invented. You can't compare this with today's 
Internet, so reviewing the last 10 years is pointless.

Furthermore: Even if adoption of new protocols has been slow in the
last 10 years, has there ever been a threat like Spam? No. You can't
compare the last 10 years with today.





> Please recite your experiences with Malaysian ISPs, US ISPs, Bolivian
> ISPs and Tunisian ISPs.  They, too, must accomplish adoption before the
> proposed mechanism is useful.

I agree, that the 'Old Europe' might be faster than the rest of the
world. Second and Third world countries must be forced to upgrade,
because that's where the Spam comes from that is unreachable by law.

But the US ISPs will be a problem, I agree. The New World might not be
so new and fast, that's true. But this can be solved easily: Tell
people that Iraq's domains have RMX records and therefore are more
advanced than US domains. This is a tactical disadvantage for future
wars. Declare RMX records to be a patriots duty and claim to be on
a mission for God. This will make everything in the US move. Even the 
Internet.

Hadmut


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To: "'Dave Crocker'" <dhc@dcrocker.net>, Mike Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>
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Is RMX a proposed change to existing Internet services OR, 1) a proposed 
extension to/of existing services? 2) an additional use of existing services? 
3) a new protocol?

My read is that it is #2 above.  The RMX proposal do not seem to constitute a 
change to existing services but rather a leveraging of those services to 
achieve a specific goal.  It also seems to be application specific as opposed 
to a networking protocol.

-e

On Monday, May 05, 2003 2:20 AM, Dave Crocker [SMTP:dhc@dcrocker.net] wrote:
> Mike,
>
>
> MR>         3. RMX record not present
> MR>                 --> email is either a forgery or not a forgery; no
> MR>                     information.  This is the way all email works now.
>
> MR> You may object that case (#3) does not really provide any information.
> MR> Right now, and that's true, but as RMX becomes more common, absence of an
> MR> RMX record will become a gradually stronger indicator of spam.
>
>
> When discussion adoption of Internet services, statements of the general
> form "it will not be much use until there is widespread adoption, and
> then it will be quite useful" are problematic.
>
> Internet adoption of changes to existing services takes 5-10 years, at
> least.
>
>
> d/
> --
>  Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
>  Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
>  Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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Aye, I agree.

On Sunday, May 04, 2003 7:11 PM, Kee Hinckley [SMTP:nazgul@somewhere.com] wrote:
> At 12:39 PM -0400 5/4/03, Eric D. Williams wrote:
> >no protocol interaction.  There are some I suspect who would argue that all
> >'spaminess' must be detected in the SMTP transactions (and that has 
> >advantages)
> 
> Given that two different people may consider the same list to be, or 
> not be, spam.  And that it is not always possible to determine the 
> final recipient at the SMTP transaction point, I think it's pretty 
> clear that this isn't possible.
> -- 
> Kee Hinckley
> http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
> http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society
> 
> I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
> responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
> everyone else's.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 05 May 2003 09:33:39 MDT."
             <200305051533.h45FXdNA004665@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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Date: Mon, 05 May 2003 12:15:47 -0400

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> How does traceability and accountability reduce spam?  If you believe
> the DNS blacklist enthusiasts, most spam is already sufficiently
> traceable to be blocked.

  My experience has been different, as have others.

  Additional traceability means that it's more difficult for spammers
to send anonymously.  Once they're out in the open as spammers, then
blacklists become more useful.

  Note that blacklists only work against openly declared long-term
spammers.  "Stealth" spammers who use throw-away accounts, "hacked"
machines, etc. can easily circumvent any blacklist, unless the
blacklist reporting & distribution are both instantaneous.

  My experience with blacklists was that only about 10% of originating
IP's were on any blacklist, which made such lists useless to me.

> Why do you care more about tracing and accounting than not receiving
> spam?  That's a rhetorical question, but it involves what I think is
> an important point.

  I don't.

> However, unless you are spammer fighter interested in attacking
> spamemrs, you don't care who or where the spammers are if you can
> simply arrange to not receive their junk.

  I agree.  But I don't think such arrangements are trivial, or easily
made.

  Making more people accountable for their behaviour is just one more
tool in the fight against spam.  I've never claimed that any tool is
perfect, or that it will do everything.  In contrast, many people
violently oppose any system which *isn't* perfect, which makes me
wonder what the heck their agenda is.

> >   I'm at a loss to respond to such a position.  It's so trivially,
> > obviously wrong, that I'm left wondering what I'm missing.
> 
> You have grossly misrepresented what people have been saying.  No one
> has said that mail from from mobile users must be non-traceable and
> anonymous.  Thanks to SMTP-AUTH, STARTTLS, pop-before-SMTP, and other
> mechanisms, it is usually entirely traceable and not at all anonymous
> as far as the first MTA is concerned.

  Which misses entirely what I said.  A mobile user SHOULD use
SMTP-AUTH, STARTTLS, pop-before-SMTP, or other systems to
authenticate & secure his connection to his home domain.  So it's his
home domain which has done the hard work of verifying a previously
unknown, anonymous, roaming user.  Now that that's done, the
well-known, public, open MTA for the home domain can relay the message
to other well-known, public, open MTA's.

  The people going on about roaming users requiring naked SMTP to the
recipient domain haven't made it clear why it's the *recipients* job
to do authenticate them.  Isn't it easier for the home MTA to do
SMTP-AUTH, STARTTLS, etc., than it is for the recipient MTA to run the
message through crappy content filters?

  The MTA for the home domain has information which the recipient MTA
doesn't have, and may never have.  That information can be used to
reduce the work done by the recipient, to separate spam from
non-spam.  So the work of spam filtering is spread more evenly across
the network, and significantly less work is done, as a whole.  I fail
to see why there's any opposition to that goal.

  That's the entirety of my position in this matter.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Dave Crocker'" <dhc@dcrocker.net>, Mike Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>
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Perhaps the issue here is not mail transport at all.  In face I think what is 
at issue is gaining access to an MTA and not the mail transport protocol at 
all.  Let's say mobile user 'A' wants to send eMail.  She has multiple methods 
for accessing the MTA but only one mail transport.  The mobile user MAY 
leverage some other 'session transport' protocol to gain access to her 
applications MTA transport protocol.

If this is a valid scenario then a mobile user MAY not have to utilize 
'arbitrary' hosts in the 'void' to enable mail transport.  I am not clear why 
but the use of arbitrary disturbs me in this context I would be more 
comfortable with "assigned" or "designated."  Although I do understand why the 
term 'arbitrary' is apropos.

-e

On Sunday, May 04, 2003 9:56 PM, Dave Crocker [SMTP:dhc@dcrocker.net] wrote:
> Mike,
>
>
> AD>> Are there NO other methods which a mobile user may use to send mail?
>
> MR> What about VPN?  What about stunnel?
>
> those are not mail protocols.
>
> MR>   What about smtp-auth?
>
> smtp-auth is an option to smtp.  so, it is smtp.
>
> MR>   What about
> MR> Courier's "outbox" for IMAP over SSL?
>
> I don't know what you are referring to, but it is not an Internet
> standard for posting mail.
>
>
> MR>   Heck, what about ssh tunnels?
>
> not a mail protocol.
>
>
> MR> Perhaps I'm not understanding your objection?
>
> possibly.
>
>
>
> d/
> --
>  Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
>  Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
>  Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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On Sunday, May 04, 2003 9:45 PM, Mike Rubel [SMTP:asrg@mikerubel.org] wrote:
8<...>8
> AD> Used properly, RMX doesn't prevent anything.  It simply allows the
> AD> recipient MTA to make faster, better decisions about how to deal with
> AD> the email.
>
> SN> "used properly" aye - there's the rub.
> SN> Draft-danisch-dns-rr-smtp-01.txt mentions that receiving servers
> SN> are free to drop email that doesn't have an RMX record.
> SN> That may be true, but IMO it isn't best practice.

Yes it may not be Best Practice, however that does not 'matter' for the 
specification it would matter on implementation (which is in this case is left 
to the discretion of the administrator and/or developer) or configuration.

> Receivers are free to do anything they like with the email; I had pictured
> RMX providing information to (for example) spamassassin.

That is a salient point and addresses one of the concerns with proposal 
requirement recently introduced:

On Sunday, May 04, 2003 12:26 PM, Alan DeKok [SMTP:aland@freeradius.org] wrote:
>   Based on recent discussions, I would suggest an update to the requirements:
>
> > 1.	must minimize unwanted messages to some acceptable level
> > 2.	must not affect delivery(latency, integrity, cost, reliability) of
> >  	wanted messages to a point that would effect the normal use of email
>
>   2a) must not require that any message be accepted or rejected
>
>   Much of the discussion around anti-spam systems indicates that most
> people think that anti-spam systems are "either-or" type of systems.
> i.e. As a result of applying the system to the message, it is either
> accepted or rejected.  I would like to discourage such thinking.
>
>   Anti-spam systems should be designed to give the local administrator
> more information with which to make accept/reject decisions.  The
> systems themselves hould not require that the adminstrator do anything
> with the message, as the action taken after deciding a message is spam
> is entirely up to local site policy.

I agree with Alan's assessment and it appears to be addressed by the comments 
suggested.


> SN> The questions I have are;
> SN> What percentage of the people who use it will use it improperly?
> SN> And what happens when it's used improperly?
>
> If it's used improperly, then mail gets dropped--the same thing that
> happens when the recipient's mail server or DNS is configured improperly,
> or if its spam filter is too aggressive.  Users complain, and the system
> gets fixed.

Exactly.

> RMX is about the least-complicated (and therefore least error-prone)
> solution to this problem that I've seen, though.  Do you know of other
> solutions are less likely to be used improperly?

I tend to agree with that (as an incremental solution) e.g. forgery.

-e
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 05 May 2003 08:05:36 PDT."
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Date: Mon, 05 May 2003 12:55:03 -0400

  I'll respond again in the same thread, hopefully to focus the
discussion a bit more.

1) I'm opposed to ISP's filtering port 25 outbound.  I think there are
better solutions to the spam problem from their dial-up systems.

2) I believe that anyone, anywhere, should be able to connect to a
consenting peer, and send any SMTP traffic they desire to that peer.

3) I also believe that any recipient MTA can impose any conditions it
desires on traffic it consents to accept.


  The issue for me is that people talking about mobile users of SMTP
believe (1) and (2), but appear to disagree with (3).  That is, there
is opposition to recipient MTA's imposing conditions for consent.

  I want mobile users to be able to send email.  I'm not proposing
that any behaviour I dislike be forbidden due to network policy.  But
actions have consequences.  The policy of the recipient MTA may be to
discard non-consentual traffic, and that policy MUST be explicitely
permitted.

  I don't want to be forced to accept messages which appear to me to
be spam.  I don't want to be labelled "non-compliant" for discarding
such messages, even if they come from mobile users.  I do want to be
permitted to create local site policy.

  For me, that's the crux of the matter.  People who want to roam want
to do so under *their* terms, and want to have *me* accept those
terms.  They also appear to be opposed to me offering conditions of my
own, before I consent to any traffic exchange.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Mon, 5 May 2003 10:49:02 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>

> ...
> HD> I know what I am talking about. I was working for the largest german
> HD> domain and web service provider, hosting the DNS tables for about
> HD> 70% of german domains.
>
> Please recite your experiences with Malaysian ISPs, US ISPs, Bolivian
> ISPs and Tunisian ISPs.  They, too, must accomplish adoption before the
> proposed mechanism is useful.

Never mind ISPs.  No one with the least clue about commercial sites
outside Germany would claim anything like the other person's claims.
It's more accurate to say that most DNS data are broken, at least
outside Germany.  Given my fairly recent experience with people
configuring DCC clients and servers in Germany, I've doubts about
his claims about Germany.

For another view, look at page 19 in
http://www.fruug.org/Archive/2002-12/cricketDNS-2002-12.pdf
and notice that Cricket Lui measured an error rate of 41% in
zones in domains in .de.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Dave Crocker'" <dhc@dcrocker.net>, "'Alan DeKok'" <aland@freeradius.org>
Cc: "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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On Monday, May 05, 2003 11:06 AM, Dave Crocker [SMTP:dhc@dcrocker.net] wrote:
> Alan,

> >> so, what is the real utility of the rmx record?
> AD>   Umm... you have more information with which to make better
> AD> decisions?  That doesn't seem like a bad thing.

> Spam is about filtering bad guys.  RMX is about labeling good guys.

I think the premise is that RMX is about finding a method to give 
accountability.

> Hence, with RMX, you still know nothing about bad guys.
>
> How does it help to control spam if you continue to know nothing about
> the bad guys?

Part of the 'spam' problem lies in accountability.  I think the RMX proposal is 
incremental toward that end and not a 'spam' control proposal.  Some modicum of 
'spam' control is I suppose a side-effect or benefit of RMX.
>
> >> that is, what can you safely do, versus not do?
>
> AD>   For RMX systems, you can safely be more liberal in filtering
> AD> messages, because you have some level of confidence that any spam
> AD> coming from RMX systems will be traceable and accountable.  That
> AD> doesn't seem like a bad thing to me.
>
> What does this mean, exactly?  A different set of filters for RMX-based
> mail?  The idea of maintaining two rulesets is a bit daunting.  Seems
> unlikely to scale.

I do not think scaling of RMX is overly burdensome but you raise an interesting 
point via this argument.  Would RMX be better served by an 'accountability' 
extension that handles/gives feedback, concerning determinations based on RMX?

> >> AD>   Are there NO other methods which a mobile user may use to send mail?
> >>
> >> no.
>
> AD>   I disagree most strongly.
>
> >> AD> SMTP is only one of many protocols used to send/receive email.
> >>
> >> interesting.  i believe there are no others.  ("submit" is simply smtp on
> >> another port.)  which ones are you referring to?
>
> AD>   Some people have posted other alternatives.
>
> no they have not.
>
> On the modern Internet, all of the mail posting semantics are achieved
> with SMTP.

I agree, SMTP has evolved into a ubiquitous transport between messaging systems 
that use alternative (non-Internet) based local transports.  In fact it could 
be argued that SMTP has usurped many of those 'proprietary' transports to a 
large degree.

> The "alternatives" presented were for alternative lower layers, or for
> extremely limited email protocols that will never gain large-scale use.
> (They have been around long enough to demonstrate this limitation
> clearly.)
>
>
> AD>  An additional one is
> AD> mail via a web interface.
>
> oh boy. now you are going to propose an array of non-standard user
> interfaces as an email posting protocol?

As I mentioned in a previous message, I think that is not the point which is 
being proffered.  I think there is congruence on the messaging transport idea 
but where the element of mobility has been introduced there are different ways 
to attack the mobility problem.

> methinks we have left the world of technical discussion of spam control.
>
> the work here needs to be about protocols.

I agree but where in the stack will it/they sit?

>
> AD>   The feeling I get here is the same from everyone who's requiring
> AD> that mobile users be allowed to send SMTP traffic to any port 25 on
> AD> the planet, and to pretend to come from any domain.  They're adamant
> AD> that that's the ONLY way they can send mail from remote sites, and
> AD> that there are NO other workable alternatives.
> ...
> AD>   I'm at a loss to respond to such a position.  It's so trivially,
> AD> obviously wrong, that I'm left wondering what I'm missing.
>
> You are over-interpreting my statements.  They were written carefully.
> Please read them the same way.
>
> By way of seeking something constructive out of this, would someone who
> believes there are viable alternatives to SMTP -- and that they will
>
>      a) solve or at least reduce the spam problem,
>
>      b) match SMTP's functionality, and
>
>      c) stand some chance of being adopted by the Internet's 100 million
>      users

"c)" is/was a sticky point but I think you may agree that in the universe of 
potential specifications at least X.400 at one point was a proposed candidate, 
however interoperability being a key concern (among the implementors) and the 
'testing' labs were a fait accompli on adoption and led to the ultimate demise. 
 At least as a message posting and transport scheme.

> please put forward a technical specification of this "viable"
> alternative, so that it moves from a general idea into something
> concrete.
>

-e
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To: "'Alan DeKok'" <aland@freeradius.org>, "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
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On Monday, May 05, 2003 12:01 PM, Alan DeKok [SMTP:aland@freeradius.org] wrote:
> Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net> wrote:
> > Spam is about filtering bad guys.  RMX is about labeling good guys.
> >
> > Hence, with RMX, you still know nothing about bad guys.
>
>   I don't quite agree.
>
> > How does it help to control spam if you continue to know nothing about
> > the bad guys?
>
>   Right now, we have a pool of SMTP originators.  The pool contains
> both good guys, and bad guys.  It's difficult and expensive for any
> recipient to distinguish between them.
>
>   With tools like RMX, a recipient can easily seperate the pool into
> "accountable" originators, and "unknown" originators.  This means that
> the bad guys are more likely to be marked as bad guys, and the good
> guys less likely to be so marked.  While this doesn't give you direct
> information about the bad guys, it does give you indirect information:
> They're not the good guys.
>
>   In summary, RMX allows us to increase our confidence in the marking
> probability for bad guys.

I don't quite agree.  I would say:

You increase your pool of known origination points, RMX does not control 
spammers (at all) end system policy would perform that trick, RMX would enable 
the end system manager to establish additional policy controls based on 
'relevant' criteria, nothing more.  It would be just as useful for a spammer to 
use RMX (though if they are engaging in forgery less likely) in order to 
counteract lax policy controls based upon RMX.

-e
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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: "'Hadmut Danisch'" <hadmut@danisch.de>, Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Date: Mon, 5 May 2003 12:16:31 -0500

>> Please recite your experiences with Malaysian ISPs, US ISPs, Bolivian
>> ISPs and Tunisian ISPs.  They, too, must accomplish adoption before the
>> proposed mechanism is useful.

>I agree, that the 'Old Europe' might be faster than the rest of the
>world. Second and Third world countries must be forced to upgrade,
>because that's where the Spam comes from that is unreachable by law.

I would also like to bring up the point- Look at all the people that would
implement RMX's it right away...
AOL, Hotmail, Yahoo, and any major ISP that is having a spam problem. (Isn't
that everyone?)
 No longer will a spammer be able to say they are from a domain that is
using an RMX (being received by a system that is checking for them). Sure,
they can say they are from YaMoo.com- but no longer will they be able to say
they are from Yahoo.com.
 As RMX's go into place, that is one less domain that a spammer can spoof. I
don't see this as a solution that only works once it is fully implemented...
the benefits are immediately realized once the very first RMX record is
published for Yahoo or Hotmail.
 I will implement them immediately to keep spammers from using the corporate
domain name for my company as a rejection notice dumping ground and stop the
angry letters from people who don't know how to read headers.
 At some point I am sure that we will have to "force" this issue, in that we
will not wait for ISP X any longer. (Z)% of the internet is using it and if
they are the last hold out- Sorry- Fix it, because it is now broken.

 I am sorry I have not been participating lately. The discussion just got
too noisy and I have real work to do ;-)


Regards,
Damon Sauer
If I had a nickel for every spam message I have blocked.... I would have ALL
the nickels!


*****
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Date: Mon, 5 May 2003 11:19:37 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>

> > How does traceability and accountability reduce spam?  If you believe
> > the DNS blacklist enthusiasts, most spam is already sufficiently
> > traceable to be blocked.
>
>   My experience has been different, as have others.

I chose my words carefully.  I don't use any DNS blacklists.

>   Additional traceability means that it's more difficult for spammers
> to send anonymously.  Once they're out in the open as spammers, then
> blacklists become more useful.

Please justify both the premise and conclusion in that paragraph.
Please give an example of a spammer that would be more easily blacklisted
if it were more out in the open in some sense related to RMX.
Please give an example of a major spammer that is not already out in the
open.  Are you familiar with http://www.spamhaus.org/rokso/ ?


>   Note that blacklists only work against openly declared long-term
> spammers.  "Stealth" spammers who use throw-away accounts, "hacked"
> machines, etc. can easily circumvent any blacklist, unless the
> blacklist reporting & distribution are both instantaneous.

Yes, but that's got nothing to do with getting spammers into the open
and nothing to do with RMX or other mail virtue certificates until
the mail from at least 80% of the Internet or 400,000,000 people uses
them.  How long do you think it might be until RMX or any technical
anti-spam system could reach 80% use?

>   My experience with blacklists was that only about 10% of originating
> IP's were on any blacklist, which made such lists useless to me.

Other people report substantially higher rates with DNS blacklists.

Again, I don't use any DNS blacklists.  However, my private blacklists
are better than 99% effective against my spam loadwith a much less than
1% false positive rate.  Note that the DCC is not what I consider a
blacklist.


> ...
> > However, unless you are spammer fighter interested in attacking
> > spamemrs, you don't care who or where the spammers are if you can
> > simply arrange to not receive their junk.
>
>   I agree.  But I don't think such arrangements are trivial, or easily
> made.
>
>   Making more people accountable for their behaviour is just one more
> tool in the fight against spam.  I've never claimed that any tool is
> perfect, or that it will do everything. 

RMX records do nothing I can see to making people accountable for
their behaviour ever, and certainly not until the mail of 100's of
millions of people use them.

>                                          In contrast, many people
> violently oppose any system which *isn't* perfect, which makes me
> wonder what the heck their agenda is.

What is your agenda for flogging something that cannot have any effect
for decades?  Or are you claiming RMX records might be used on more
than 80% of mail within 10 years?   If so, please justify that claim.


> ...
>   Which misses entirely what I said.  A mobile user SHOULD use
> SMTP-AUTH, STARTTLS, pop-before-SMTP, or other systems to
> authenticate & secure his connection to his home domain.  So it's his
> home domain which has done the hard work of verifying a previously
> unknown, anonymous, roaming user.  Now that that's done, the
> well-known, public, open MTA for the home domain can relay the message
> to other well-known, public, open MTA's.
>
>   The people going on about roaming users requiring naked SMTP to the
> recipient domain haven't made it clear why it's the *recipients* job
> to do authenticate them.  Isn't it easier for the home MTA to do
> SMTP-AUTH, STARTTLS, etc., than it is for the recipient MTA to run the
> message through crappy content filters?
>
>   The MTA for the home domain has information which the recipient MTA
> doesn't have, and may never have.  That information can be used to
> reduce the work done by the recipient, to separate spam from
> non-spam.  So the work of spam filtering is spread more evenly across
> the network, and significantly less work is done, as a whole.  I fail
> to see why there's any opposition to that goal.

What does any of that have to do with stopping spam?  What does knowing
that one of UUNet's resellers has validate a mail sender as
wpamae1954nx@domain.com tell you?  

Do you check the whois records for the domains advertised in spam?
What do you learn from records like 
http://opensrs.org/cgi-bin/whois.cgi?action=lookup&domain=gamingclub.com
What would RMX tell you that whois records and IP addresses don't?

By the way, that whois record told me to blacklist that domain.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Mon, 5 May 2003 11:30:21 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>

> Is RMX a proposed change to existing Internet services OR, 1) a proposed 
> extension to/of existing services? 2) an additional use of existing services? 
> 3) a new protocol?
>
> My read is that it is #2 above.  The RMX proposal do not seem to constitute a 
> change to existing services but rather a leveraging of those services to 
> achieve a specific goal.  It also seems to be application specific as opposed 
> to a networking protocol.

Yes, but what is your point?
  - Have you noticed much use of DNSSEC?
  - How about some of the major improvements in the not so recent
     update to the HTTP protocol?
  - SMTP-TLS has been available for years, but this mailing list is not
     using it.  Do the SMTP servers or clients near you use it?

Then there are RIPv2, IPv6, TCP-SACK, and TCP-ENS.  Even TCP
slow-start took most of 10 years, and that was in the old days when
the net was tiny and well controlled.

As the saying goes, "In theory there is no difference between theory
and practice, but in practice there is."  

Would those who assure us that deploying RMX or any anti-spam scheme
could be done in fewer than 10 years tell us about their credentials
for making their authoritative sounding statements?  What protocol
have they been involved in that was deployed as fast as their spam
system would be?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Mon, 05 May 2003 10:23:28 -0700

At 09:33 AM 5/5/03 -0600, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>
>How does traceability and accountability reduce spam?  
>

I believe there are two schools of thought on fighting spam,
which I like to call "spam assassin" and "spammer assassin".

People in the spam assassin school are interested in not reading spam.
To them, anything that stops them from reading spam "works".
They would rate traceability and accountability as fairly unimportant.
what's done is done, and being able to track down the guilty party
isn't going to delete the spam.


People in the spammer assassin school are interested in stopping 
spam from being sent.
They would rate traceability and accountability as extremely important.


So to answer your question, 
Traceability makes it easier to catch the spammer,
and accountability makes it easier to punish them.
Ultimately, this reduces spam by reducing the total number of spammers,
and increasing the costs of the ones who remain.

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Message from Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net> 
   of "Mon, 05 May 2003 07:55:20 PDT." <175902262574.20030505075520@brandenburg.com> 
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Date: Mon, 05 May 2003 11:14:52 -0700

On Mon, 5 May 2003 07:55:20 -0700 
Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net> wrote:

>> however UUCP remains in wide deployment and usage to this day,

> uucp is fine for some specialized (limited) uses.
...
> while solving one problem, we need to be careful that we do not create
> a satchel full of others.

More simply I don't want to break UUCP users.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 05 May 2003 11:19:37 MDT."
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Date: Mon, 05 May 2003 14:29:58 -0400

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> Please justify both the premise and conclusion in that paragraph.

  My example below (which you disagreed with) did just that.

> Please give an example of a spammer that would be more easily blacklisted
> if it were more out in the open in some sense related to RMX.

  As I said, throw-away accounts, among others.  This is a significant
fraction of the spam I'm seeing, which is why I like RMX.

> Please give an example of a major spammer that is not already out in the
> open.  Are you familiar with http://www.spamhaus.org/rokso/ ?

  Spammers using throw-away accounts.  Even ones on the 'rokso' list
hide their identity from time to time.  Is it so bad to prevent them
from *never* hiding their identity?

> >   Note that blacklists only work against openly declared long-term
> > spammers.  "Stealth" spammers who use throw-away accounts, "hacked"
> > machines, etc. can easily circumvent any blacklist, unless the
> > blacklist reporting & distribution are both instantaneous.
> 
> Yes, but that's got nothing to do with getting spammers into the open
> and nothing to do with RMX or other mail virtue certificates until
> the mail from at least 80% of the Internet or 400,000,000 people uses
> them.

  Evidence for such an assertion is...?

>  How long do you think it might be until RMX or any technical
> anti-spam system could reach 80% use?

  I don't know, and I really don't care.  If implementing an anti-spam
solution on my system saves me work, and reduces my spam load, then
I'm all for it.

> RMX records do nothing I can see to making people accountable for
> their behaviour ever, and certainly not until the mail of 100's of
> millions of people use them.

  AOL, Yahoo, Hotmail.

  Done.

  See, if those 3 companies decide that originators using RMX get
"priority" service, I'll bet that a lot of sites will fall all over
themselves adding RMX records to their DNS.

> What is your agenda for flogging something that cannot have any effect
> for decades?

  For one, I disagree with your idea that it will take decades.  I
note that you have offered no proof for such a position.

  In contrast, how quickly did domains add web servers in 1993-1994?
I'll bet that if someone checked, probably 30% of active domains had
web sites within 3 years.  That's a good timescale for something like
RMX.

>  Or are you claiming RMX records might be used on more than 80% of
> mail within 10 years?  If so, please justify that claim.

  Nope.  Putting words into your opponents mouth is a well-known style
of ad hominem attack, and one which astudiously avoids discussing any
issues of substance.

> What does any of that have to do with stopping spam?  What does knowing
> that one of UUNet's resellers has validate a mail sender as
> wpamae1954nx@domain.com tell you?  

  I'll go out on a limb: It allows me to track down that spammer, and
potentially get them removed from the domain.  If the domain refuses
to remove the spammer, then I have records which will justify my later
filtering of ALL traffic from that domain.

  It's the concept of "innocent until proven guilty."  It's been
around for a while...

  As for well-known, openly declared spammers, working from well-known
IP's, I believe that blacklists go a long way to alleviating that
problem.  You seem to be assuming that my support of RMX means that
I'm proposing *no* other anti-spam system is used.

  I'd be happy if RMX was used to add domains to blacklists.  Right
now, domains have "plausible deniability" about spam from their
domain.  Hotmail can say "Yes, they claim to be from hotmail, but they
didn't use our MX, so it's not our problem."  RMX allows the recipient
to refute that denial.

> Do you check the whois records for the domains advertised in spam?

  I don't have the time, sorry.

> What do you learn from records like 
> http://opensrs.org/cgi-bin/whois.cgi?action=lookup&domain=gamingclub.com
> What would RMX tell you that whois records and IP addresses don't?

  RMX, by design, explicitely exposes the originating domains intent
to send email from an IP.  This intent is currently *implicit*.

> By the way, that whois record told me to blacklist that domain.

  That's your perogative.  It's a local policy issue, and it has
nothing to do with general anti-spam policies.

  Alan DeKok.

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Alan,

AD>   With tools like RMX, a recipient can easily seperate the pool into
AD> "accountable" originators, and "unknown" originators.  This means that
AD> the bad guys are more likely to be marked as bad guys, and the good
AD> guys less likely to be so marked.


I do not see that.

We might hope that those using RMX-based hosts are good guys.  We might
hope that, but there is no assurance that the hope will be correct.

Accountability does not mean that the originator is comforming to good
policies.

In any event, the remaining pool consists of good guys and bad guys and
we are not in a better position to distinguish them.


AD>   I don't see why.  Run spam assassin, and for messages from RMX
AD> systems, set the "spam" threshold high, so that it's more forgiving.

Why?  What makes it likely or certain that someone coming through an RMX
host is not sending spam?


AD>   Maintaining two numbers shouldn't be difficult for a seasoned system
AD> administrator.

Ahh. I see you have a very different model of the life and performance
of a professional administrator than I have been taught.


AD>   - What changes, if any, may be made to a recipient MTA or MUA, in
AD> order to fight spam?

AD>   - What changes, if any, may be made to an originating MTA or MUA, in
AD> order to fight spam?

AD>   From what I can tell, your answer to the second question appears to
AD> be "None".  If the answer to the first question is also "None", then
AD> I don't see why we're pretending we want to solve the spam problem.

You are confusing "be very careful with the design of changes and the
assumptions about their adoption" with "do not make any changes."  I
have participated in a fair number of efforts to make changes to
Internet Mail.  Some work.  Some don't.  It would be foolish to ignore
the lessons of that history.


AD>   No... I'm saying that mobile users can today choose methods other
AD> than SMTP for sending mail.  They're ugly, they're awkward, but
AD> they're also proven to work for thousands of people.

1.  Thousands is not 100 milion.  The difference in scale is important.

2.  Ugly and awkward are usually terms that apply to failed proposals.

3. Please provide a detailed description of non-SMTP Internet mail that
is used by many thousands of people who cover a wide range of user types
(eg, grandmothers, secretaries, children, executives, and even
engineers.)  Absent that, please provide a discussion that explains how
the presence of "ugly and awkward" will not pose insurmountable
usability barriers.


AD>   I believe there are viable alternatives to naked, un-accountable
AD> SMTP for mobile users.

The original assertion was that there were alternatives to SMTP, not
simply alternatives to "naked, unaccountable SMTP".


>>      a) solve or at least reduce the spam problem,
AD>   Allow MTA's to verify the originator of the email?

We have had PGP and S/MIME for approximately 10 years.  They permit
identifying the originator.  Yet they have not achieved any significant
adoption or use in the Internet.  How will you achieve success now?


>>      b) match SMTP's functionality, and
AD>   SMTP over a VPN seems to be a good solution.

SMTP over VPN is SMTP.  The claim was about using something other than
SMTP.


>>      c) stand some chance of being adopted by the Internet's 100 million
>>      users
AD>   Companies are selling these solutions today for mobile users, and
AD> are making a living at it.

I believe no one else selling and email protocol other than SMTP and making a
living at it.


d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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Date: Mon, 05 May 2003 14:38:08 -0400

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com> wrote:
> I believe there are two schools of thought on fighting spam,
> which I like to call "spam assassin" and "spammer assassin".

  I like your definitions.

> Traceability makes it easier to catch the spammer,
> and accountability makes it easier to punish them.
> Ultimately, this reduces spam by reducing the total number of spammers,
> and increasing the costs of the ones who remain.

  Note that while currently SOME spammers may be traceable SOMETIMES,
there is likely still room for additional tracing and accounting.


  It's really a mind-set issue.  I want to have the ability to use all
of the tools at my disposal to fight spam.  Some people want to
prevent me from using certain tools, because they don't find those
tools useful.  Why that happens is question for psychology, and is
outside of the scope of this group.

  Alan DeKok.
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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
cc: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX proposals and Nash Equilibrium
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   of "Sun, 04 May 2003 19:10:36 EDT." <p06000f11badb4e33d9a3@[192.168.1.104]>
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Date: Mon, 05 May 2003 11:49:58 -0700

On Sun, 4 May 2003 19:10:36 -0400
Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
> At 12:39 PM -0400 5/4/03, Eric D. Williams wrote:

>> no protocol interaction.  There are some I suspect who would argue
>> that all 'spaminess' must be detected in the SMTP transactions (and
>> that has advantages)

> Given that two different people may consider the same list to be, or
> not be, spam.  And that it is not always possible to determine the
> final recipient at the SMTP transaction point, I think it's pretty
> clear that this isn't possible.

True.  However it may be possible in some cases.

We're not going to find a golden bullet here: something that will
instantly be globally deployed and will within no more than 30ns render
the planet spam free (Okay, 40ns for you laggards).  Not going to
happen.  I expect we're much more likely to end up with a collection of
tools, each perhaps with a 10% effectiveness, but which in concert
achieve >80% effectiveness.

Detection methods that can occur at the SMTP transaction layer need not
be discarded if they can form one of those 10% Humpty Dumpty bricks.

--
J C Lawrence
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas.
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
Cc: Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Date: Mon, 5 May 2003 20:51:45 +0200


Dave, 

On Mon, May 05, 2003 at 11:25:16AM -0700, Dave Crocker wrote:
> 
> We might hope that those using RMX-based hosts are good guys.  We might
> hope that, but there is no assurance that the hope will be correct.

Sorry, you still have not understood RMX yet. A valid RMX entry
doesn't mean the user is a good guy. It does mean that he actually
belongs to the given domain and that's the way how to find the person 
in case he is a bad guy.



> Accountability does not mean that the originator is comforming to good
> policies.

Accountability requires the posibility to track back the originator.
That's what's RMX is about.



> Why?  What makes it likely or certain that someone coming through an RMX
> host is not sending spam?

Because he can be tracked back and hold responsible.




> We have had PGP and S/MIME for approximately 10 years.  They permit
> identifying the originator.  Yet they have not achieved any significant
> adoption or use in the Internet.  How will you achieve success now?

That's not logical. If PGP and S/MIME didn't have succes yet, it
doesn't mean that no authentication method will ever have success. 
The failure of PGP and S/MIME is a design criterion for RMX:
It is designed to avoid the problems of PGP and S/MIME, which are
far too complicated and error prone, require time-expensive and
difficult-to-learn certification steps and keeping secret keys. 
Therefore RMX was designed to be simple, without cryptography, 
without secrets. 

Furthermore, PGP and S/MIME are a completely different story. 
You're comparing apples and oranges. PGP and S/MIME are designed to 
keep messages confidential, to provide authenticity and integrity, 
and to provide non-repudiation. PGP and S/MIME provide authenticity
by solving the problem that anyone could use a particular address
before. SPAM is a different problem. Here the attacker can use any 
address, which is a slightly different problem. 

Most people don't actually have the problems that PGP and S/MIME
solve. That's one of the reasons why they don't use it. Because
they don't need it. In contrast, many people receive tons of Spam.



Hadmut
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 05 May 2003 11:25:16 PDT."
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Date: Mon, 05 May 2003 15:11:16 -0400

Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net> wrote:
> Accountability does not mean that the originator is comforming to good
> policies.

  I agree, but it does mean that we can account for whether or not the
originator is conforming to good policies.  It's just one more nail in
the coffin of spammers.

> In any event, the remaining pool consists of good guys and bad guys and
> we are not in a better position to distinguish them.

  I agree, but for that pool, we're no worse off than we were before.

> Why?  What makes it likely or certain that someone coming through an RMX
> host is not sending spam?

  Nothing.  But having proven to be a spammer, it's easier to hold
them to account, and to block/filter their traffic.

  At the minimum, RMX will alleviate the need for DUL blocks.  RMX can
alleviate the "forged sender" problem, which many people on this list
have run into.  If I publish RMX records for my domain, and it
prevents others from forging mail from my domain, then that's a good
thing.

> You are confusing "be very careful with the design of changes and the
> assumptions about their adoption" with "do not make any changes."

  That's probably because ANY change which is proposed gets responses
like:

  "That feature is a design requirement of the protocol."

  Such responses are, quite frankly, idiotic.  If NONE of the proposed
changes are acceptable, then why are we wasting our time talking about
trying to fix the problem?

  Why can't the people shooting down the proposed changes come up with
a list of requirements that the changes must satisfy?  That should
alleviate much of the discussion.  But my belief is that the people
shooting down proposals will spend 5 years doing just that, and then
discover that their email is unusable.  In the mean time, others who
are willing to accept ugly solutions, will have implemented some
horrible hack which will allow them to keep using email.

  Duct tape and binder twine aren't always bad.

  The problem I have is that most of the requirements for change that
I've seen really appear to come down to "nothing must change."  The
proponents of non-change say that's not what they mean, but they don't
let ANY changes through.

  Actions speak louder than words.

> I have participated in a fair number of efforts to make changes to
> Internet Mail.  Some work.  Some don't.  It would be foolish to
> ignore the lessons of that history.

  I agree.  But most of the opposition to change I've seen doesn't
appear stem for history lessons.  Instead, the discussion goes like:

  a) We can alleviate spam problem FOO by changing the way we do BAR
  b) We want to use BAR as-is
  a) Well, then we can try changing BAZ
  b) We want to use BAZ as-is
  <repeat ad nauseum>
  a) I'm going home, and having a large drink..


  Is there ANYTHING we can change in the use, implementation, or
protocol of SMTP to help alleviate spam?  I've never heard an explicit
"NO" to this question, but I've heard explicit "NO"s to every related
issue, which leads me to believe that the answer to that question is
also "NO".

> AD>   No... I'm saying that mobile users can today choose methods other
> AD> than SMTP for sending mail.  They're ugly, they're awkward, but
> AD> they're also proven to work for thousands of people.
> 
> 1.  Thousands is not 100 milion.  The difference in scale is important.

  I understand.

> 2.  Ugly and awkward are usually terms that apply to failed proposals.

  Like IPSec.  It's ugly, awkward, but it appears to currently be the
best of ugly and awkward alternatives.

  Until we're perfect and god-like, sometimes the best solution *is*
the ugly and awkward one.

  As someone once said: "Who the heck put a waste disposal site next
to the entertainment district?"

> The original assertion was that there were alternatives to SMTP, not
> simply alternatives to "naked, unaccountable SMTP".

  Not at all.  Or, at least, not from me:

https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg04161.html

>>> Are there NO other methods which a mobile user may use to send mail?

  I was very careful to phrase it that way.

>>> SMTP is only one of many protocols used to send/receive email.

  As my previous messages on this issue have tried to make clear, my
concerns here about SMTP were only about the requirement for mobile
users to be able to send mail to anyone, and claim to be anyone.
That's a "feature" which I believe should be deprecated in SMTP.

> We have had PGP and S/MIME for approximately 10 years.  They permit
> identifying the originator.  Yet they have not achieved any significant
> adoption or use in the Internet.  How will you achieve success now?

  PGP and S/MIME solve different problems from RMX.  RMX, like
STARTTLS, can be used to authenticate the conversing peers, not the
content of the message.

> AD>   Companies are selling these solutions today for mobile users, and
> AD> are making a living at it.
> 
> I believe no one else selling and email protocol other than SMTP and making a
> living at it.

  My claim was for SMTP over VPN.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 04 May 2003 12:16:42 PDT."
             <20115.1052075802@kanga.nu> 
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Date: Mon, 05 May 2003 15:21:47 -0400

J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu> wrote:
> > What's important for me is that RMX allows the receiving MTA to
> > trivially discover that the originating domain has consented to send
> > mail from that MTA.  
> 
> That doesn't work for things like yahoo, mail.com, etc who offer
> POP/IMAP accounts to arbitrary users without an outbound smarthost.

  Then they have an opportunity to update their business model when
(as may be expected) the world around them changes.

  Alan DeKok.
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Hadmut,


>> Accountability does not mean that the originator is comforming to good
>> policies.
HD> Accountability requires the posibility to track back the originator.
HD> That's what's RMX is about.

>> Why?  What makes it likely or certain that someone coming through an RMX
>> host is not sending spam?
HD> Because he can be tracked back and hold responsible.

what does it mean to hold them responsible, when there are no global
rules to which a sender is held?



>> We have had PGP and S/MIME for approximately 10 years.  They permit
>> identifying the originator.  Yet they have not achieved any significant
>> adoption or use in the Internet.  How will you achieve success now?

HD> That's not logical. If PGP and S/MIME didn't have succes yet, it
HD> doesn't mean that no authentication method will ever have success.

However, it DOES mean that it is dangerous to claim that authentication
will be used as a basic technique, unless there is some reason to
believe that the technique will be successful now, in spite of not being
successful for 10 years.


HD> The failure of PGP and S/MIME is a design criterion for RMX:
HD> It is designed to avoid the problems of PGP and S/MIME,

they perform entirely different tasks.


HD> Furthermore, PGP and S/MIME are a completely different story.
HD> You're comparing apples and oranges.

the reference was to authenticated senders.  pgp and s/mime authenticate
senders.  rmx does not.


d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
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Alan,

AD>   I agree, but it does mean that we can account for whether or not the
AD> originator is conforming to good policies.  It's just one more nail in
AD> the coffin of spammers.

It is one more nail into something, yes.  But there has not yet been any
detailed description of what it accomplishes that is useful.  It adds
overhead, but no one has yet stated what it enables that is useful in
the prevention, detection, or handling of spam.


>> In any event, the remaining pool consists of good guys and bad guys and
>> we are not in a better position to distinguish them.
AD>   I agree, but for that pool, we're no worse off than we were before.

when you add mechanism, you make things worse -- more complicated and
more effort. this is only acceptable when you are also making things
significantly better. so far, no one has provided a clear and compelling
case in favor of using rmx for anything that will prevent or reduce
spam.


>> Why?  What makes it likely or certain that someone coming through an RMX
>> host is not sending spam?

AD>   Nothing.  But having proven to be a spammer, it's easier to hold
AD> them to account, and to block/filter their traffic.

so the benefit is post-hoc filtering of spam that has previously
purported to be from a particular host and continues to falsely claim to
be from that host?

unfortunately, spammers will work around that block within hours. they
are very clever and adaptable.  so you will have spent a great deal of
time and energy to create a mechanism that will prevent spammers for,
perhaps, a few days.  total.


AD>   At the minimum, RMX will alleviate the need for DUL blocks.  RMX can
AD> alleviate the "forged sender" problem,

no it will not.  not until the entire internet uses it, and that will
not occur for a very long time.


>> You are confusing "be very careful with the design of changes and the
>> assumptions about their adoption" with "do not make any changes."

AD>   That's probably because ANY change which is proposed gets responses
AD> like:
AD>   "That feature is a design requirement of the protocol."

AD>   Such responses are, quite frankly, idiotic.  If NONE of the proposed
AD> changes are acceptable, then why are we wasting our time talking about
AD> trying to fix the problem?

If you need to cook some food and you propose to hold the food in your
hand while it is cooking, do not blame the person who observes that
there is a basic, serious problem with your approach.

look for a better approach.


AD>   Why can't the people shooting down the proposed changes come up with
AD> a list of requirements that the changes must satisfy?

please read the internet draft I submitted last week.

there are some other drafts floating that also do as you suggest.  have
you read them yet?  what about them is insufficient?

AD>   I agree.  But most of the opposition to change I've seen doesn't
AD> appear stem for history lessons.

you must be reading different mail than I.


>> 2.  Ugly and awkward are usually terms that apply to failed proposals.
AD>   Like IPSec.  It's ugly, awkward, but it appears to currently be the
AD> best of ugly and awkward alternatives.

actually, there is frequently a stronger case for TLS, when needing
connection-based privacy and authentication.


>> The original assertion was that there were alternatives to SMTP, not
>> simply alternatives to "naked, unaccountable SMTP".
AD>   Not at all.  Or, at least, not from me:
>>>> SMTP is only one of many protocols used to send/receive email.

Apparently we read your original statement very differently.  I cannot
guess how you interpret it as meaning anything other than claiming there
are alternatives to SMTP.  (And we can ignore the error in claiming that
SMTP is used to receive mail, although it is only used to send it.)

So far, no protocol other than SMTP has been citing for sending email,
other than a couple of ancient protocols that long-ago failed to be
enhanced and failed to be widely adopted.


>> I believe no one else selling and email protocol other than SMTP and making a
>> living at it.

AD>   My claim was for SMTP over VPN.

SMTP over VPN is SMTP.  Hence it is not "only one of many protocols used
to send/receive email".  It is SMTP.



d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Date: Mon, 5 May 2003 21:49:17 +0200

Dave,

On Mon, May 05, 2003 at 12:16:11PM -0700, Dave Crocker wrote:
> 
> what does it mean to hold them responsible, when there are no global
> rules to which a sender is held?

It means: 

- to hold them responsible by the rules and laws of the country 
  the Spam comes from. Most Spam originates from the US. Many
  countries have or develop laws against Spam.

- if the message comes from a country without rules, to 
  identify the country where the domain resides and to give 
  you that information to base your decision on

- to allow blacklisting domains or responsible persons mentioned
  in the whois entry




> However, it DOES mean that it is dangerous to claim that authentication
> will be used as a basic technique, unless there is some reason to
> believe that the technique will be successful now, in spite of not being
> successful for 10 years.

That's nonsense. RMX is a completely different kind of authentication.
It doesn't require any special software or configuration on the MUA
side, and it doesn't require per person key generation. 

The main reason is, that PGP and S/MIME didn't have any real
purpose for the masses, it was a complicated game which became
boring. They take a severe overhead of user interaction for every
single mail.

RMX solves a real problem people have 10-20 times a day. PGP and
S/MIME never did so. RMX doesn't require user interaction (once it is
installed).



> the reference was to authenticated senders.  pgp and s/mime authenticate
> senders.  rmx does not.

Exactly. That's what RMX is designed for. RMX is designed to not
handle user details, that's to be left in the domains private
business. RMX covers the domain part only to keep it smart and simple 
and to avoid work for every single user. It's expense is O(1). 
To be precise in security science, RMX is not even an authentication.
Actually, the authentication is done by TCP/IP, where TCP traffic
allows to sufficiently ensure that the peer IP address is reliable. 
A higher level of security is not reasonable since mail delivery by
SMTP also is limited to the TCP/IP address check. So the sending
MTAs "name" is the IP address and the "authentication mechanism" is 
TCP/IP. (I know, this is not a real good one, but it is sufficient for
this purpose.) RMX is the method to distribute the authorization
information through DNS. It tells you which IP addresses are
authorized to use the given domain as part of the sender address. 
That's it. No sender authentication. Being cheap, simple, and robust
is the design goal. Not 2048-bit-security that nobody uses.

Hadmut

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Date: Mon, 5 May 2003 13:39:52 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>

> ...
>   It's really a mind-set issue.  I want to have the ability to use all
> of the tools at my disposal to fight spam.  Some people want to
> prevent me from using certain tools, because they don't find those
> tools useful.  Why that happens is question for psychology, and is
> outside of the scope of this group.

If you really think RMX (or anything else) is worthwhile, then you
should already have written and deployed some code.   So please say
how it's working.

In fact, no one is preventing you from using RMX or any other tactic
you like (subject to the terms of service of your ISP).  What you are
not getting are accolades for the silver bullet and volunteers to do
all of the work and then present it on a silver platter.

I think there are some early implementations of RMX, but that they
are not working is not the result of efforts of the "legacy internet
engineers" who prevented the spread of IPv8 and suppressed the discovery
of how to encode more than 4,294,967,296 addresses in 32 bit.

 ......



] From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>

] ...
] I think the premise is that RMX is about finding a method to give 
] accountability.

] ...
] Part of the 'spam' problem lies in accountability.  ...

How so?  Why do you care who Alan Ralsky is, since you surely won't
be sending him bomb threats or signing him up for junk postal mail.

Who cares who "Bill Zhang" of "Sunshine" in China really is, besides
his ISPs and people who fight spammers instead of spam?  As long as his
ISPs connect his computers and those of his customers, what anti-spam
accountability does RMX or any mail sender tagging scheme give?  If RMX
or some other tagging scheme were universal, and if you could keep "Bill
Zhang" from signing up for as many RMX tags as he has domains, one might
argue that it could have some effect.  (He seems to make create several
new domains/day.  Why don't the ICANN rules against his obviously bogus
WHOS data make him "accountable" or stop him?)  It's trivial to recognize
mail from "Bill Zhang" by checking the whois data on the domain names
in his messages.  What is the difference between using port 53 or port
43 for "accountability" for his large volumes of spam?

What accountability is lacking but would be provided by RMX for the
unsolicited bulk email from Verisign, American Express, Roving Software,
Topica, and the rest of the Fortune 50,000 that would be our topic if
the "Bill Zhangs" were not so productive?  The Fortune 50,000 send
with unforged headers that point directly at themselves.

The immediate purpose of RMX bits is to let SMTP servers compare IP
addresses to sender domain names and so stop what some people call
forgery.  However, the RMX bits for commonly "forged" domains including
Yahoo, AOL, and Microsoft would say "all IP addresses can send from
our domain", because they have significant numbers of users who use
other sending ISPs.

Does SMTP-TLS enforce a valuable anti-spam accountablity?  SMTP-TLS
has been available for years for free in the popular SMTP implementations,
so why it used by less than 1%, not to mention more than 80% of the
net?  Every organization with web pages that can be fetched by HTTPS
has certificates that could be used with SMTP-TLS.  Most of those
certificates are signed by major commercial PKI vendors.  Why isn't
that "accountability" useful?  If it is useful against spam, why isn't
it being used?  Why is the RMX accountability useful but the SMTP-TLS
accountability useless?

The underlying problem is that people who advocate RMX, TOES,
authentication, or content tagging hope that some magic technology
will finger spammers.  They don't want to be bothered with the standard
work of collaring bad guys.  They don't care that counting coup on
spammers by saying "I know who you are" never stops any spam.  Those
who are serious about fighing spammers instead of fighting spam don't
need RMX or any of the other superficial quick fixes.  That's demonstrated
in web pages such as http://www.spamhaus.org/rokso/


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Mon, 5 May 2003 14:30:05 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>

> ...
>   At the minimum, RMX will alleviate the need for DUL blocks.  RMX can
> alleviate the "forged sender" problem, which many people on this list
> have run into.  If I publish RMX records for my domain, and it
> prevents others from forging mail from my domain, then that's a good
> thing.

I don't agree.  Since you've made the assertion, you bear the burden
of supporting it.  To help you, I'll point out some facts you'll
need to address:
  - For RMX bits to be useful dialup users, their mail provider must
     list their home IP addresses.  That would be a major burden for
     all but the smallest outfits that serve as home domains, except
     for something that seems to make the problem worse.  The IP
     addresses of dialup users are dyanimic (hence the 'D' in "DUL").
     Thus, the home domain must list all IP addresses of the dialup
     ISP as legitimate senders, because the user might next get any
     address owned by the dialup ISP.  For dialup ISPs with millions
     of current and prospective customers (e.g. RBOCs and cable modem
     providers), that would amount to authorizing a lot of spammers.
     In that case, what information would the RMX bits convey?

   - how big a problem is forgery of your domain name?  How many such
      messages do you see daily?  

   - until a signficant number of SMTP servers check RMX bits and reject
      messages with mismatching RMX bits, there will be just as many
      forgeries of your domain name.  How long until a significant
      number of SMTP servers check RMX bits?


> ...
>   Why can't the people shooting down the proposed changes come up with
> a list of requirements that the changes must satisfy?  ...

Have you read Dave Crocker's ID?

>                                                        That should
> alleviate much of the discussion.  But my belief is that the people
> shooting down proposals will spend 5 years doing just that, and then
> discover that their email is unusable.  In the mean time, others who
> are willing to accept ugly solutions, will have implemented some
> horrible hack which will allow them to keep using email.
>
>   Duct tape and binder twine aren't always bad.

> ...
>   Actions speak louder than words.

Indeed.  So why aren't you out applying tape and twine instead of
railing at people who you say are "preventing" your use of RMX?


> ...
> > We have had PGP and S/MIME for approximately 10 years.  They permit
> > identifying the originator.  Yet they have not achieved any significant
> > adoption or use in the Internet.  How will you achieve success now?
>
>   PGP and S/MIME solve different problems from RMX.  RMX, like
> STARTTLS, can be used to authenticate the conversing peers, not the
> content of the message.

You are ducking the question.  While PGP and S/MIME were created to
solve different problems, they certainly do permit identifying the
originator of email.  If identifying the originator of email is
effective against spam, what's wrong with PGP and S/MIME for serving
that purpose?

   ......


> From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
> Message-Id: <E19ClX2-0006jh-00@mail.nitros9.org>

> ...
> > That doesn't work for things like yahoo, mail.com, etc who offer
> > POP/IMAP accounts to arbitrary users without an outbound smarthost.
>
>   Then they have an opportunity to update their business model when
> (as may be expected) the world around them changes.

In your preceding message you said that Yahoo was going to leap on
the RMX bandwagon.  Are you now saying that Yahoo will leap on a
bandwagon that forces them to update their business model?  What
business model do you foresee Yahoo using?  Would Yahoo users be
required to use Yahoo SMTP clients to send mail?  If so, how will
Yahoo users get past port 25 blocking on other ISPs?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 05 May 2003 13:39:52 MDT."
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Date: Mon, 05 May 2003 17:13:01 -0400

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> If you really think RMX (or anything else) is worthwhile, then you
> should already have written and deployed some code.   So please say
> how it's working.

  My apologies.  I had thought that ASRG was about discussing the
requirements and design of any solution.  Since that's wrong...

  OK, everybody, off of the list.  Let's use Vernon's criteria, and
say that the only people who can post to the list are those with an
anti-spam system used by 80% of the net.

  Hmm... where'd everybody go?  Even Vernon appears to have been
punted off of the list, as a result of applying that restriction.

> In fact, no one is preventing you from using RMX or any other tactic
> you like (subject to the terms of service of your ISP).  What you are
> not getting are accolades for the silver bullet and volunteers to do
> all of the work and then present it on a silver platter.

  Strange, I didn't ask for accolades, volunteers, or a silver
platter.

  I guess it's more ad homimen attacks from someone who has no other
way to defend his position.

> I think there are some early implementations of RMX, but that they
> are not working is not the result of efforts of the "legacy internet
> engineers" who prevented the spread of IPv8 and suppressed the discovery
> of how to encode more than 4,294,967,296 addresses in 32 bit.

  Yup.

> The underlying problem is that people who advocate RMX, TOES,
> authentication, or content tagging hope that some magic technology
> will finger spammers.

  ... with better precision and accuracy than their current methods.

  Yup, definitely.

>  They don't want to be bothered with the standard work of collaring
> bad guys.  They don't care that counting coup on spammers by saying
> "I know who you are" never stops any spam.  Those who are serious
> about fighing spammers instead of fighting spam don't need RMX or
> any of the other superficial quick fixes.

  Ah.  So systems which may give another few-month lifespan to
existing mail systems until we have better methods, are to be opposed
simply because they're not long-term solutions.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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> From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>

> ...
> > RMX records do nothing I can see to making people accountable for
> > their behaviour ever, and certainly not until the mail of 100's of
> > millions of people use them.
>
>   AOL, Yahoo, Hotmail.
>
>   Done.

Do AOL, Yahoo, and Hotmail have a total of more than 100,000,000 mail
users?  I don't think so, but if I'm wrong about that, I know that
that the RMX bits of AOL, Yahoo, and Hotmail would all say "any IP
address on the net can send mail with envelope Mail_From values of
our domain."  They all have many mail users that must send mail from
other ISPs and who are their mail users only because they can use AOL,
Yahoo, and Hotmail return addresses.

>   See, if those 3 companies decide that originators using RMX get
> "priority" service, I'll bet that a lot of sites will fall all over
> themselves adding RMX records to their DNS.

If the service is merely "priority" instead of "rejection," certainly
not.  In technical practice they cannot give better service to incoming
mail with RMX tags than without.  In fact, the cost of checking the
RMX RRs will slow down mail that has RMX records.

Those 3 companies won't decide to reject mail without RMX records
because their RMX bits will authorized all IP addresses everywhere.
Microsoft certainly won't because of anti-trust issues.   AOL won't
for the same reasons that caused AOL to abandone its old closed BBS
system.  AOL has jumped on some radical filtering, but only when it
had single digit false positive rates.  Today rejecting mail without
RMX bits would have a better than 99.99% false positive rate, and there
is no prospect that will change.


> ...
>   For one, I disagree with your idea that it will take decades.  I
> note that you have offered no proof for such a position.
>
>   In contrast, how quickly did domains add web servers in 1993-1994?
> I'll bet that if someone checked, probably 30% of active domains had
> web sites within 3 years.  That's a good timescale for something like
> RMX.

You'd lose that bet, unless you circularly define "active domains" as
those with HTTP servers.


> >  Or are you claiming RMX records might be used on more than 80% of
> > mail within 10 years?  If so, please justify that claim.
>
>   Nope.  Putting words into your opponents mouth is a well-known style
> of ad hominem attack, and one which astudiously avoids discussing any
> issues of substance.

In your message you twice claimed that RMX records will be very popular
in less than 10 years, including in your immediately preceding words.
Asking if that's your position is hardly inappropriate.


> > What does any of that have to do with stopping spam?  What does knowing
> > that one of UUNet's resellers has validate a mail sender as
> > wpamae1954nx@domain.com tell you?  
>
>   I'll go out on a limb: It allows me to track down that spammer, and
> potentially get them removed from the domain.  If the domain refuses
> to remove the spammer, then I have records which will justify my later
> filtering of ALL traffic from that domain.

Why do you need contact anyone before filtering all traffic from a
domain that has a pattern of supporting spammers?  What spam supporting
domains are you unable to identify today without RMX?


> ...
>   I'd be happy if RMX was used to add domains to blacklists.  Right
> now, domains have "plausible deniability" about spam from their
> domain.  Hotmail can say "Yes, they claim to be from hotmail, but they
> didn't use our MX, so it's not our problem."  RMX allows the recipient
> to refute that denial.

Why do you care about the plausible deniabilty of outfits that support
spammers?  If they are popular with spammers, why don't you just quitely
blacklist them?  Why do you need to count coup on them first?


> > Do you check the whois records for the domains advertised in spam?
>
>   I don't have the time, sorry.

My point is that the information you say you want and a lot more is
already available.


> > What do you learn from records like 
> > http://opensrs.org/cgi-bin/whois.cgi?action=lookup&domain=gamingclub.com
> > What would RMX tell you that whois records and IP addresses don't?
>
>   RMX, by design, explicitely exposes the originating domains intent
> to send email from an IP.  This intent is currently *implicit*.
>
> > By the way, that whois record told me to blacklist that domain.
>
>   That's your perogative.  It's a local policy issue, and it has
> nothing to do with general anti-spam policies.

My point was that the information you say you want from RMX
and a lot more is already available.  If you "don't have the time"
to deal with whois, then you won't have the time to deal with RMX.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 05 May 2003 12:30:14 PDT."
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Date: Mon, 05 May 2003 16:48:42 -0400

Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net> wrote:
> It is one more nail into something, yes.  But there has not yet been any
> detailed description of what it accomplishes that is useful.  It adds
> overhead, but no one has yet stated what it enables that is useful in
> the prevention, detection, or handling of spam.

  Which leaves out the previously stated utility of the proposal:
tracing and accounting.

  Once more spam is traceable and accountable (where RMX may help), we
can apply other methods to prevent/detect/handle spam (where RMX
may not help.)

> when you add mechanism, you make things worse -- more complicated and
> more effort. this is only acceptable when you are also making things
> significantly better. so far, no one has provided a clear and compelling
> case in favor of using rmx for anything that will prevent or reduce
> spam.

  RMX is a low-cost mechanism for both the sender and receiver, so any
requirements on it "making things significantly better" are similarly
expected to be low.

> so the benefit is post-hoc filtering of spam that has previously
> purported to be from a particular host and continues to falsely claim to
> be from that host?

  That's one benefit, yes.

> unfortunately, spammers will work around that block within hours. they
> are very clever and adaptable.  so you will have spent a great deal of
> time and energy to create a mechanism that will prevent spammers for,
> perhaps, a few days.  total.

  I'm not sure why RMX would be "a great deal of time and energy" to
implement.

  As for utility, let's suppose that all spammers implement RMX on
their originating MTA's.  In addition to Hadmut's recent comments,
this has other benefits for the recipient:

  - we can now blacklist by domain, in addition to IP.
    There are fewer domains than IP's, by probably 2 orders of
    magnitude.

  - the spammers choice of originating IP will be more limited,
    which decreases the work required for IP blacklists.
    (A newly discovered open relay which is added to a spammers DNS
     as RMX will take more time to fully propogate throughout the net
     than TCP connections from that relay)

  RMX can help moderate the work required to deal with spam, and can
help to slow down the rate of sending spam.

> there are some other drafts floating that also do as you suggest.  have
> you read them yet?  what about them is insufficient?

  Some.  I don't have specific objections right now, otherwise I would
have said something.

  As for your draft, I think it's very good.  But it's much looser on
the requirements for proposed solutions than the discussions on this
list have been.  So until the draft becomes more restrictive on the
requirements, I'm left addressing opposition/requirements on the list,
and not in the draft.

> AD>   I agree.  But most of the opposition to change I've seen doesn't
> AD> appear stem for history lessons.
> 
> you must be reading different mail than I.

  <shrug>  The messages don't quote history, and say "we tried this in
1998, and that doesn't work for reasons given <here>."  Instead, the
messages say things like "It takes significant time before protocols
are widely adopted."

  For some protocols, yes.  For others, no.  See:

http://www.freeradius.org/rfc/radius-minutes-95apr.txt

  RADIUS was designed and originally implemented around 1993.  By
1998, it had acheived wide-spread adoption.  Similar things may be
said for HTTP.  Sub-decade widespread adoption of new protocols is the
reality of the net, given:

  Incentive:           high.
  Implementation cost: low.

  We're now at the point where we have high incentive to fight spam.
If there's a low-cost solution which will help recipient MTA's, then
my prediction is that it will achieve wide-spread adoption within 3
years.  That is, at least 30% of sites will use it. (By number of
users, not domains, as there are millions of domain squatters.)

  That's a testable prediction.  If I'm wrong, then 3 years from now,
I'll buy people a beer (or other beverage) at IETF.  If I'm right,
then I ask that people predicting otherwise buy *me* a beverage.

  Until then, it's all "he said, she said" for whether or not any
proposal will achieve wide-spread acceptance.

> >> The original assertion was that there were alternatives to SMTP, not
> >> simply alternatives to "naked, unaccountable SMTP".
> AD>   Not at all.  Or, at least, not from me:
> >>>> SMTP is only one of many protocols used to send/receive email.

  Again, you've snipped the previous sentence, which gives additional
context.

  I can't help your misunderstanding what I say, if you insist on
taking things out of context.

> SMTP over VPN is SMTP.  Hence it is not "only one of many protocols used
> to send/receive email".  It is SMTP.

  Wonderful.  So you have no opposition to a BCP document which says
that mobile users SHOULD use SMTP over VPN's to their home domains,
and SHOULD NOT send SMTP traffic directly to the final recipient.

  As I've tried to explain in many messages, I don't oppose all of
SMTP design, implementation, or practice.  In the context of mobile
users, I oppose some current practices involving SMTP, and believe
that there are viable alternative to those practices.  But I've never
claimed that we should throw away SMTP entirely.

  Alan DeKok.
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Alan,

AD>   My apologies.  I had thought that ASRG was about discussing the
AD> requirements and design of any solution.  Since that's wrong...

"solution" is supposed to have something to do with effectiveness.

an explanation of the real utility of rmx records has, so far, been
based on assumptions and assertions that run contrary to the user and
operations history of the Internet.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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Date: Mon, 5 May 2003 15:18:39 -0700
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Reverse DNS has two quite important situations in which it does not
easily (if ever) give appropriate answers for use in spam deterrence.

1) If I host my own DNS servers, and have no DNS relationship with my
ISP, then (typically, if not mostly) the rDNS lookup will ultimately go
to him but have no means by which it can connect to my DNS servers and
thus give a meaningful response. As a result, the rDNS lookup yields
answers like

	dsl-209-123-212-68.myisp.com

rather than something related to the email domains that I actually send
from.

2) If, for one of possibly many reasons, I legitimately relay my
outbound mail through some other domain, then it becomes
administratively very cumbersome (if not logistically impossible,
pragmatically speaking) to have the rDNS lookup resolve to something in
my domain (in addition to the one through which I am relaying, and all
the others he relays for).

RMX-style proposals, which start their lookup at the domain purportedly
responsible for a message, don't suffer from these shortcomings.
(indeed, they can nicely leverage the existing administrative
infrastructure that I necessarily have to mange my MX records). This is
an important advantage.

Ultimately, these approaches yield the same information, namely an
answer to the question: "is this IP address authorized by the admin of
this domain to transmit mail on behalf of that domain". While the
spoofing that this prevents is VERY interesting and useful, it is, in
and of itself, of course not something that will eliminate spam.
Additional infrastructure is needed above and beyond RMX.

	Bob


-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Eric
D. Williams
Sent: Saturday, May 03, 2003 6:16 PM
To: 'Daniel Feenberg'; asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RMX proposals and Nash Equilibrium

All of these are valid points to argue, but without addressing a
fundemental 
point (not described in most) RMX proposals from my understanding.  That
is, 
DNS can also be used to validate an IP reverse map so that not only the
domain 
is checked but also the IP.  In that case, IMHO, one could argue that an

additional check for IP origination or relay of delivery would mitigate
the 
concerns.

I could definitely be wrong but that always sticks out to me as a 
mis-understanding of that type of proposed solution/strategy.  I don't
think 
the forwarder of mail has to be penalized for forwarding if they are
properly 
registered in the forwarding path (open-relays are another matter in my 
opinion) and are no longer used in the historical context (helping a 
brother/sister system out).


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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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On Monday, May 05, 2003 1:20 PM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:

> Yes, but that's got nothing to do with getting spammers into the open
> and nothing to do with RMX or other mail virtue certificates until
> the mail from at least 80% of the Internet or 400,000,000 people uses
> them.  How long do you think it might be until RMX or any technical
> anti-spam system could reach 80% use?

I don't consider that a valid argument against a proposal.  First, it is at 
best a baseless conclusion, no one knows what percentage of RMX or any other 
proposal would have to be in place to be 'effective' and we don't have a 
consensus algorithm to determine effectiveness anyway. Second (this is my 
bugaboo on your paragraph) what percentage of sites use filtering? Has that 
affected spam?  I don't think this element of your argument makes a difference 
as to whether RMX is a viable incremental proposal for addressing the issue of 
forgery.

> > ...
> > > However, unless you are spammer fighter interested in attacking
> > > spamemrs, you don't care who or where the spammers are if you can
> > > simply arrange to not receive their junk.
> >
> >   I agree.  But I don't think such arrangements are trivial, or easily
> > made.
> >
> >   Making more people accountable for their behaviour is just one more
> > tool in the fight against spam.  I've never claimed that any tool is
> > perfect, or that it will do everything.
>
> RMX records do nothing I can see to making people accountable for
> their behaviour ever, and certainly not until the mail of 100's of
> millions of people use them.

I do not agree with your second clause.  A single large provider or a number of 
large providers pursuing actions against 'spammers' identified via RMX (for 
example) could have a large effect.  This as you state would not affect 
behavior, but, I think you may agree accountability is a viable goal 
(incremental though it may be) towards better 'spam' controls.

> What is your agenda for flogging something that cannot have any effect
> for decades?  Or are you claiming RMX records might be used on more
> than 80% of mail within 10 years?   If so, please justify that claim.

I do not think that is the goal of RMX, in fact I don't think RMX is related to 
mail messages but to the MTA that originate and relay messages.  So a more 
exact statement would be 80% of MTAs, I don't know what the threshold for 
effectiveness is, but any effect above 0% is something to consider enhancing 
(whatever the proposal) or determining whether it can scale to large deployment 
at all.  RMX I think CAN scale.  That is not an endorsement of the particular 
approach per se, but it seems to be a salient metric.

> What does any of that have to do with stopping spam?  What does knowing
> that one of UUNet's resellers has validate a mail sender as
> wpamae1954nx@domain.com tell you?

If a reseller has validated an MTA in such a system [RMX] then you can attempt 
to make the reseller accountable for 'spam' origination.  It does not stop 
'spam'.  I think RMX would only validate the domain/IP address set not an eMail 
address per se.

> Do you check the whois records for the domains advertised in spam?
> What do you learn from records like
> http://opensrs.org/cgi-bin/whois.cgi?action=lookup&domain=gamingclub.com
> What would RMX tell you that whois records and IP addresses don't?

I think the whois is another spam fighting/accountability tool.  What RMX 
proposals seem to do is attempt to enhance discovery of forgery for an MTA and 
push it toward the edge of the policy boundary, although lax policy boundaries 
(an Internet mainstay) can easily short-circuit this effect.

-e
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On Monday, May 05, 2003 1:30 PM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
> > From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
>
> > Is RMX a proposed change to existing Internet services OR, 1) a proposed
> > extension to/of existing services? 2) an additional use of existing
> > services?
> > 3) a new protocol?
> >
> > My read is that it is #2 above.  The RMX proposal do not seem to constitute
> > a
> > change to existing services but rather a leveraging of those services to
> > achieve a specific goal.  It also seems to be application specific as
> > opposed
> > to a networking protocol.
>
> Yes, but what is your point?
>   - Have you noticed much use of DNSSEC?
>   - How about some of the major improvements in the not so recent
>      update to the HTTP protocol?
>   - SMTP-TLS has been available for years, but this mailing list is not
>      using it.  Do the SMTP servers or clients near you use it?
>
> Then there are RIPv2, IPv6, TCP-SACK, and TCP-ENS.  Even TCP
> slow-start took most of 10 years, and that was in the old days when
> the net was tiny and well controlled.

No internet protocol started with ubiquity AFAIK, some have not been adopted 
after being 'standardized' some evolved into de-facto standards before IETF/ISO 
(insert acronym) work was completed.  I do not think that these are valid 
measures of the viability of a proposal.  Also successful adoption IMHO is 
based on whether something 'gives the people what they want' and not 
necessarily 'what they need' or 'what they asked for'.

The paragraph you cite was inserted based upon Dave's post concerning changes 
to Internet services.  My point is I don't see the RMX proposal as a change to 
Internet services.  DNSSEC and SMTP-TLS are along the same lines.  Recall my 
opinion is that it may be 'what people need' or 'what they asked for' but is it 
'what they want'?  I think implementation difficulty also plays into the mix 
(on that I think we all agree).

> As the saying goes, "In theory there is no difference between theory
> and practice, but in practice there is."
>
> Would those who assure us that deploying RMX or any anti-spam scheme
> could be done in fewer than 10 years tell us about their credentials
> for making their authoritative sounding statements?  What protocol
> have they been involved in that was deployed as fast as their spam
> system would be?

I don't think any of us could boldly make such a claim as an individual, but 
surely that is not a criteria for evaluation of a proposal.  Achieving 
convergence and interoperation of a specification can be onerous (LDAP) or 
trivial (RFC822).

-e
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From: Michael Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>
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Date: Mon, 5 May 2003 15:39:39 -0700 (PDT)

Dear all,

This certainly has been a lively discussion.

I learned a few things, and added some notes to the page at:

	http://www.mikerubel.org/computers/rmx_records/

But at this point, I continue to stand by RMX records.  The objections
raised thus far haven't convinced me--basically that because RMX records
won't single-handedly end spam overnight, they aren't useful.

This argument seems to stem from a misunderstanding of the intent.

RMX gives senders a mechanism to prevent others from credibly
misappropriating their names, and it does so at minimal implementation
cost--especially to recipients (I hope that "use_rmx" will become a single
configuration flag in MTAs, on by default).  It doesn't introduce any new
protocols or break the vast majority of existing installations (I suppose
there will always be some, but even the most vehement critic must concede 
that RMX is remarkably non-disruptive given its potential utility).

In some cases, organizations wishing to implement RMX will need to make
changes to accommodate their traveling or remote members, so that those
members are able to send mail via the official mail servers.  A wide
variety of common techniques (SMTP-AUTH, VPN, stunnel, webmail) are
already available and widely used specifically for this purpose, and
organizations will be free to make the changes on their own schedules and
terms.

Domains employing RMX will have shown an intent to be good netizens, and
their mail will be held to a higher spam-probability threshold than
non-RMX domains.  Forged email claiming to come from an RMX-protected
domain will be held to a very low spam-probability threshold--perhaps even
zero (automatic discard).  In this way, RMX will give useful information 
to help filters distinguish spam from ham, and will become more useful as 
it becomes more prevalent.

I sincerely appreciate everyone's input.

Mike

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FWIW, RMX strikes me as a possibly useful approach to a problem
somewhat orthogonal and/or slightly overlapping the spam problem.

What it helps with is whether some specific piece of email is highly
likely to be from the organization it claims to be from, in a
relatively lightweight way.

Which would be primarily useful for what others are calling
"transactional" messages like your order was shipped or please check
your order status at URL there's a problem you need to resolve or
here's your receipt or monthly activity statement.

That is, relatively low-security stuff which a miscreant might mimic
to trick you into visiting their web site etc.

So arguing that it doesn't seem terribly useful in the fight against
spam is probably correct, but doesn't necessarily obviate the
underlying idea.

It's kinda like arguing that nail-proof tires won't do you much good
in a snowstorm (except inasmuch as it'd be nasty to change a tire
punctured by a nail in a snowstorm.)

On the other hand, even taken at its best, there are other ways to
accomplish the same thing (e.g., PGP signing or similar), though there
is something attractive about pushing this mechanism into the servers
such that the MUA's only have to recognize the result, e.g., a special
header, "X-RMX: OK".

That's simpler than coordinating PGP signing between end-users (both
from the point of view of implementing PGP in the MUA's and
administering its use), I'll grant that.

So if RMX is "good enough" for some specific uses such as "did this
bank statement actually come from my bank?" then it might have merit,
even if it's not of much help with spam, per se.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
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From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
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Earlier today World was hit by a single spam message emanating from
about 200 different IP addresses (presumably, 200 different hosts),
more or less simultaneously.

This is not the first time that's happened, nor is it terribly
unusual.

I only ask that you bear that in mind when a "bulk mailer" shows up
here with damp, doe-like eyes asking only for some sympathy for their
point of view.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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On Mon, 5 May 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> 
> What accountability is lacking but would be provided by RMX for the
> unsolicited bulk email from Verisign, American Express, Roving Software,
> Topica, and the rest of the Fortune 50,000 that would be our topic if
> the "Bill Zhangs" were not so productive?  The Fortune 50,000 send
> with unforged headers that point directly at themselves.
> 

I think what is left unstated in this dispute is that the RMX proponents
would like to discriminate among senders at a finer level than the IP
address of the connecting host. They want to accept legitimate mail from
spam-friendly connection IPs, and reject other mail. This would reduce the
need for ISPs to "censor" their customer's incoming/outgoing mail, and the
need for customers to find an ISP with a mail policy they can live with.

One way to imagine this happening, is if the receiving sites kept records
by sender of the spam status of messages. If a.example.com had sent
legitimate mail in the past, and b.example.com had sent spam, then
marginally spammy looking mail from a.example.com could be accepted, even
though the connecting machine was "dirty" from b.example.com. Hopefully
this would allow a lower type-2 error rate. This is unreliable now,
because MAIL FROM addresses are unreliable.

However, if the RMX proposal were successfull, then sending sites could
stop suppressing spam, knowing that receiving sites won't hold it against
them, provided the MAIL FROM: addresses in spam messages don't overlap
with legitimate mail. I do not regard that as a desirable state of
affairs. While the receiving site has reduced its type-2 error rate, it
has removed the only significant incentive sending sites have to
supervise their mail, meaning even more spam for everyone else.





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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Bob Atkinson'" <bobatk@Exchange.Microsoft.com>,
        Daniel Feenberg
	 <feenberg@nber.org>, "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: reverse DNS; RE: [Asrg] RMX proposals and Nash Equilibrium
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I think we concur fully (e.g. incremental).

-e

On Monday, May 05, 2003 6:19 PM, Bob Atkinson 
[SMTP:bobatk@Exchange.Microsoft.com] wrote:
> Reverse DNS has two quite important situations in which it does not
> easily (if ever) give appropriate answers for use in spam deterrence.
>
> 1) If I host my own DNS servers, and have no DNS relationship with my
> ISP, then (typically, if not mostly) the rDNS lookup will ultimately go
> to him but have no means by which it can connect to my DNS servers and
> thus give a meaningful response. As a result, the rDNS lookup yields
> answers like
>
> 	dsl-209-123-212-68.myisp.com
>
> rather than something related to the email domains that I actually send
> from.
>
> 2) If, for one of possibly many reasons, I legitimately relay my
> outbound mail through some other domain, then it becomes
> administratively very cumbersome (if not logistically impossible,
> pragmatically speaking) to have the rDNS lookup resolve to something in
> my domain (in addition to the one through which I am relaying, and all
> the others he relays for).
>
> RMX-style proposals, which start their lookup at the domain purportedly
> responsible for a message, don't suffer from these shortcomings.
> (indeed, they can nicely leverage the existing administrative
> infrastructure that I necessarily have to mange my MX records). This is
> an important advantage.
>
> Ultimately, these approaches yield the same information, namely an
> answer to the question: "is this IP address authorized by the admin of
> this domain to transmit mail on behalf of that domain". While the
> spoofing that this prevents is VERY interesting and useful, it is, in
> and of itself, of course not something that will eliminate spam.
> Additional infrastructure is needed above and beyond RMX.
>
> 	Bob
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Eric
> D. Williams
> Sent: Saturday, May 03, 2003 6:16 PM
> To: 'Daniel Feenberg'; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] RMX proposals and Nash Equilibrium
>
> All of these are valid points to argue, but without addressing a
> fundemental
> point (not described in most) RMX proposals from my understanding.  That
> is,
> DNS can also be used to validate an IP reverse map so that not only the
> domain
> is checked but also the IP.  In that case, IMHO, one could argue that an
>
> additional check for IP origination or relay of delivery would mitigate
> the
> concerns.
>
> I could definitely be wrong but that always sticks out to me as a
> mis-understanding of that type of proposed solution/strategy.  I don't
> think
> the forwarder of mail has to be penalized for forwarding if they are
> properly
> registered in the forwarding path (open-relays are another matter in my
> opinion) and are no longer used in the historical context (helping a
> brother/sister system out).

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Date: Mon, 05 May 2003 21:49:18 -0400

We certainly had a good discussion on using RMX. However, there is one 
issue that has been bugging me that was not mentioned. With the current 
SMTP system it is very easy to send anonymous email. However, what will 
happen if RMX is used? RMX is designed to authenticate the domain of the 
sender, not the actual user so it is still possible to use a proxy to send 
the email for you. A mixmaster anonymous remailer or a web mail account 
that was created through www.anonymizer.com can still be used to send email 
as long as their domains have RMX records.

However, ask yourselves this question: how long will it take until spammers 
will start using anonymous mixmaster remailers? Even though one individual 
remailer might be capable to detecting incoming spam, if multiple remailers 
are used that would be impossible. If spammers now are capable of using 
multiple IP addresses and gateways, then they can certainly use multiple 
remailers. If that happens, how long will it take the rest of the Internet 
community to blacklist the remailers? At the present time it is much easier 
for spammers to utilize open relays and SMTP gateways rather then mixmaster 
remailers so they are not used. However, if that avenue is closed they will 
be forced to use any tools available including remailers. It is rather 
surprising that they have not been used widely so far. In the future, if 
the RMX system is deployed how long will it take until those domains are 
blacklisted?

With this in mind, consider if we want to "kill" anonymous email. Even the 
postal system still allows mail to be sent anonymously as long as the 
postage is paid. Even though people might argue that it is worth to lose 
privacy versus having spam, I am not so sure. We need to draw a balance here.

Nevertheless, even with anonymous remailers gone, there are still many 
other options open like webmail accounts, HushMail, etc. But just like the 
people desiring privacy will turn to those, so will the spammers. Without 
some inherent antispam tools in webmail accounts, those domains will become 
blacklisted eventually as well. We must keep in mind privacy concerns when 
developing any anti-spam system.


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Date: Mon, 5 May 2003 19:48:28 -0600 (MDT)

> From: David Maxwell <david@crlf.net>

> ...
> You have one more piece of information - "The sending domain is valid,
> correct, and claims that this host is a valid host to source mail."
>
> The current SpamAssassin applies negative scores for certain patterns.
> Unfortunately, most of the patterns it uses today can be forged by
> spammers, making them useless. If the RMX 'bit' appears as a header
> inserted by my local MTA, my filter can give it a negative score, with
> confidence.

That is mistaken.  Spammers can continue to use Hotmail and Yahoo drop
boxes and to forge AOL's domain name while abusing open proxies on
large dynamically addressed cable-modem and DSL networks that have at
least one AOL, Hotmail, or Yahoo user.  Because those networks are
dynamically addressed, an ISP with users on networks that allows third
party sending (including AOL, Yahoo, and Hotmail) must set their RMX
'bits' to say "authorized" for all addresses in such a network.  Thus,
the hardest to filter spam can have good RMX bits.

The only fix is to prohibit sending from any mail systems but those
of the ISP that owns the IP address.  However, if you want to enforce
that rule, you don't need any new RMX or other bits.  You need only
compare reverse DNS and envelope sender domain names.  (Yes, reverse
DNS can be faked, but that can be reasonably reliably detected by
doing an extra forward lookup of the reverse name.)  (Yes, in some
cases you must do a little more than just comparing the PTR and A RRs,
such as fetching all PTR RRs or all A RRs for the PTR name.)

(This has nothing to do with my claim that to keep their users, Yahoo,
Hotmail, and AOL must mark every IP address on the net as "authorized.")


>                                                          When I say
> _eliminate_, I mean users employing RMX checks will not have to read
> these spams anymore, and if deployment becomes widespread enough,
> spammers won't bother sending them anymore.

How widespread enough is enough?  My guess is 80%, but if you prefer
90% or 50%, I won't argue.  How long will it take to reach that level?
If it is 10 years, will your ISP deploy this decade?  If 1,000,000
users get it in the next year, would it be worthwhile for you to check
RMX bits?  1,000,000 users are about 0.2% of the Internet, so only
0.2% of legitimate mail would have it.


> ...
> In the same way that asking a canvasser at your door to show you an ID
> badge won't protect you from badge-forgers, or unsavory organizations,
> it is a miminal (common-sense) first step you can take to verify their
> identity (with the extent of effort you're willing to make).

If only 0.2% of canvassers or your incoming email have an ID, would
you bother checking?


> > of incoming mail.  At first, all mail with an RMX tag would be from
> > people and SMTP clients that don't send spam.  They will often already
> > be white-listed, and they certainly won't care many other signs of
>
> Where's the Internet-wide white list of non-spammers I can get?

Could you whitelist your regular correspondents and cover most of
your incoming mail?  I bet you could, and immediately have better
protection than any scheme like RMX could have until it reached 80%.
And when do you figure that will be?


> An advantage of RMX is that it is decentralized.

Yes, but what matters is how much spam it affects.


> ...
> It eliminates some types of spam. If we had an applicable method that
> eliminated each type of spam, should we not apply them all - and instead
> look for a single solution?

Again, how does it eliminate any spam?  In practice, what spam would
it eliminate that does not already have a mismatch between reverse
DNS and envelope sender domain?


> ...
> Today, as a domain owner, I have no way of telling people 'Mail from my
> domain will only come from these IPs. Any other source is a forgery.'

Wouldn't be simpler to tell everyone to compare your sender domain name
with your reverse DNS?


]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]


] From: Michael Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>

] ...
] RMX gives senders a mechanism to prevent others from credibly
] misappropriating their names, and it does so at minimal implementation
] cost--especially to recipients (I hope that "use_rmx" will become a single
] configuration flag in MTAs, on by default).  It doesn't introduce any new
] protocols or break the vast majority of existing installations (I suppose
] there will always be some, but even the most vehement critic must concede 
] that RMX is remarkably non-disruptive given its potential utility).

Do you run sendmail with more than 10,000 messages/day and if so, do
you turn on IDENT?  My guess is if you answer the first "yes," then
you answer the second "no," because you don't like the costs (especially
delays) of IDENT given its near uselessness against spam or other abuse.
Since the worst spammers (proxy abuses) can have good RMX bits, why
would you bother with extra DNS chatter to get RMX bits?

It looks like your message came from CalTech.  Has CalTech never had
a spammer or an open relay?  Are you confident that you know and will
continue to know the IP addresses of CalTechs outgoing mail servers?
If you fail to authorize the right address, the RMX idea would have
your mail bounce.  If you configured the RMX bits for mikerubel.org
to authorize all 65534 addresses in 131.215.0.0/16, you'd be vulnerable
to any spammer or open relay at CalTech.  (Never mind that I can't
find an A or MX RR for mikerubel.org just now, so by RMX-like thinking,
your message should have been rejected.)

] In some cases, organizations wishing to implement RMX will need to make
] changes to accommodate their traveling or remote members, so that those
] members are able to send mail via the official mail servers.  A wide
] variety of common techniques (SMTP-AUTH, VPN, stunnel, webmail) are
] already available and widely used specifically for this purpose, and
] organizations will be free to make the changes on their own schedules and
] terms.
] ...

So you would prohbit sendmail mail except from the mail systems of
the sending domain?  If so, why bother with RMX?  Why not just enforce
matches between reverse DNS and sending domain?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Barry,


BS> What it helps with is whether some specific piece of email is highly
BS> likely to be from the organization it claims to be from, in a
BS> relatively lightweight way.

If you find an RMX record, yes you can make that positive
interpretation.

The problem is that you have zero information if you do NOT find an RMX
record.


BS> It's kinda like arguing that nail-proof tires won't do you much good
BS> in a snowstorm (except inasmuch as it'd be nasty to change a tire
BS> punctured by a nail in a snowstorm.)

or inasmuch as we are discussing mechanisms for making it safer to be in
a snowstorm.

it's not that a cure for cancer is not wonderful, but it has nothing to
do with snowstorms.  so this is the wrong venue.



d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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VS> Because those networks are dynamically addressed, an ISP with users on
VS> networks that allows third party sending (including AOL, Yahoo, and
VS> Hotmail) must set their RMX 'bits' to say "authorized" for all addresses
VS> in such a network.

Vernon,

If AOL, Yahoo, or Hotmail wanted to implement RMX, they would cease to allow
third party sending; senders would have to send the mail through the
official relays (which is the way it's normally done anyway).  If an
organization doesn't want to forward through one of a limited number of
outbound relays, it would not adopt RMX.

Right now, a lot of people are blocking all mail claiming to come from
AOL, Yahoo, or Hotmail.  This is a big problem for those sites, and it's
not their fault, since the spam that arrives "from" them is all forged.  
RMX would give these sites the ability to earn (or spurn) their
reputations as honorable, spam-diligent netizens on their own terms.

VS> The only fix is to prohibit sending from any mail systems but those
VS> of the ISP that owns the IP address.  However, if you want to enforce
VS> that rule, you don't need any new RMX or other bits.  You need only
VS> compare reverse DNS and envelope sender domain names.  (Yes, reverse
VS> DNS can be faked, but that can be reasonably reliably detected by
VS> doing an extra forward lookup of the reverse name.)  (Yes, in some
VS> cases you must do a little more than just comparing the PTR and A RRs,
VS> such as fetching all PTR RRs or all A RRs for the PTR name.)

Right, except that right now, if I'm a recipient, I can't reject email on
the basis that it doesn't come from a machine in the sender's netblock.  
That's because, a lot of sites (including mine) use the lazy man's
solution: send directly from localhost, because there's no reason not to.  
But RMX gives us a reason to change: by posting RMX records, I'd be saying
to the world, "I am choosing to send my mail only from my official relays,
and here they are--if you get mail from anywhere else, rest assured that
it's a forgery!"

> If only 0.2% of canvassers or your incoming email have an ID, would
> you bother checking?

Depends who it is.  If the person claims to be an agent from my bank, or the
government, or a business partner, then damn straight I'd check the ID.  A
better analogy in this case is that I'd actually call up the sender's
organization and verify that the person at my door was one of their agents.
Not a completely foolproof check, but pretty good.

Not everyone has to be using RMX to make it useful.

> > Today, as a domain owner, I have no way of telling people 'Mail from my
> > domain will only come from these IPs. Any other source is a forgery.'
> 
> Wouldn't be simpler to tell everyone to compare your sender domain name
> with your reverse DNS?

That's basically all RMX is!  It's an organized way for you to tell
recipients, "Hey, go ahead and check my reverse DNS--I've actually
configured my system in such a way that checking it will be meaningful."

> Do you run sendmail with more than 10,000 messages/day and if so, do
> you turn on IDENT?  My guess is if you answer the first "yes," then
> you answer the second "no," because you don't like the costs (especially
> delays) of IDENT given its near uselessness against spam or other abuse.
> Since the worst spammers (proxy abuses) can have good RMX bits, why
> would you bother with extra DNS chatter to get RMX bits?

Is your argument is that IDENT is useless against spam, therefore RMX is
useless against spam?  They're completely different animals...

> It looks like your message came from CalTech.  Has CalTech never had
> a spammer or an open relay?  Are you confident that you know and will
> continue to know the IP addresses of CalTechs outgoing mail servers?
> If you fail to authorize the right address, the RMX idea would have
> your mail bounce.  If you configured the RMX bits for mikerubel.org
> to authorize all 65534 addresses in 131.215.0.0/16, you'd be vulnerable
> to any spammer or open relay at CalTech.  (Never mind that I can't
> find an A or MX RR for mikerubel.org just now, so by RMX-like thinking,
> your message should have been rejected.)

If RMX were available, I would use it.  Caltech's mail servers are only
relevant for the .caltech.edu domain, which would set its own RMX records;
they have no bearing on mail sent from mikerubel.org.  I control the DNS
records on the latter.  The fact that it's currently part of 131.215/16 is
irrelevant.

If I were using RMX records for mikerubel.org, then any message you receive
from me would arrive from 131.215.118.32/32, or be a forgery.

If caltech were using RMX records, then any message from .caltech.edu would
arrive from one of the designated outbound caltech mail servers.

When you want to send mail to an address at caltech.edu, you look up its MX
records and send to one of those; you don't send to just any machine at
131.215/16.  Why should receiving mail from caltech.edu be any different?

> So you would prohbit sendmail mail except from the mail systems of the
> sending domain?  If so, why bother with RMX?  Why not just enforce matches
> between reverse DNS and sending domain?

Exactly!  RMX records give mail systems a reason to shunt all of their
mail through a few specific servers.  Think about the migration path--if
we just start checking reverse DNS now, it usually won't work (because a
lot of sites don't follow the convention).  By introducing a new resource
record, you give sites a way to declare that they are now following that
convention.

So... have I sold you on RMX records yet?  :)

Mike

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DC> it's not that a cure for cancer is not wonderful, but it has nothing 
DC> to do with snowstorms.  so this is the wrong venue.

Perhaps what we have here is a cure for cancer with significant
implications for snowstorms.

Mike

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   of "Mon, 05 May 2003 15:21:47 EDT." <E19ClX2-0006jh-00@mail.nitros9.org> 
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X-face: ?<YUs-cNP1\Oc-H>^_yw@fA`CEX&}--=*&XqXbF-oePvxaT4(kyt\nwM9]{]N!>b^K}-Mb9
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On Mon, 05 May 2003 15:21:47 -0400 
Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org> wrote:
> J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu> wrote:

>> That doesn't work for things like yahoo, mail.com, etc who offer
>> POP/IMAP accounts to arbitrary users without an outbound smarthost.

>   Then they have an opportunity to update their business model when
> (as may be expected) the world around them changes.

Considering the companies involved and their business models (MSN,
Hotmail, Yahoo, etc), I guess their eagerness to adopt as negative, and
the chilling factor that reticence would add to adoption velocity as
noticeable.  You're dealing with significantly higher operational costs
for a business with a very slim profit percentage.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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> From: David Maxwell <david@crlf.net>

> ...
> Meaning they create hotmail and yahoo accounts, and send through them
> until cut off?  ...

Assume Hotmail and Yahoo sign up for RMX.   Then they either continue to
let their users send from any IP address on the net, or they tell their
users the rules have changed and they must use only Hotmail and Yahoo
mail sending systems.  That will drive away many Hotmail and Yahoo users.


>                That's a different problem - implement MTA rate-limiting
> on a per-client/customer basis to address it.

I think practically all free providers already have rate-limiting, if
not explicit software then simply in the ackwardness of using their
systems to send lots of mail.  The problem is that most mail providers
are happy to let their customers use other ISPs to send mail, and many
users want to do that for various good and legitimate reasons.


> ...
> a) Why is the DSL/Cable provider an open relay?

It's not that the DSL/Cable provider is an open relay, but that many
of the individual systems on the provider's network are proxies or
relays.  That is because individual users choose junk proxy software
that is open by default, and junk operating software that vulnerable
to trojan horses, viruses, and worms carrying open proxy software.
I agree that's bad and that fixing that would make dealing with spam
a lot easier, but we're talking about RMX.  Besides, I understand
RMX as intended to be at least partly a cure for open proxies.


> b) Why don't the AOL/Hotmail/Yahoo MUAs deliver mail (via authenticated
> connection) to the AOL/Hotmail/Yahoo mailserver?

Because some of their users don't want to and AOL/Hotmail/Yahoo are
unlikely to want to offend those users.


> ...
> The concept of the ISP _authorizing_ mail to come from a server at a
> certain address has a different meaning than just having a good PTR
> record.

PTR RRs were not invented for authorizing TCP clients, but they were
used that way in the 1980's and early 1990's.  That the old application
was FTP instead of STMP is irrelevant.


> ...
> I say that if even 20 networks use it, they will benefit. Then everyone
> else (once aware) gets to decide whether the effort/benefit tradeoff is
> worthwhile. 

Please explain how the users of 20 networks of a total of 64K (?) IP
addresses would benefit by using RMX when no one else does.  Only
about 0.002% of all mail would involve RMX bits.  People keep saying
there would be a benefit for the early adoptors, but I do not recall
seeing any explanation of how that works.  How does any spam get
filtered in that case?


> ...
> > If it is 10 years, will your ISP deploy this decade?  If 1,000,000
> > users get it in the next year, would it be worthwhile for you to check
> > RMX bits?  1,000,000 users are about 0.2% of the Internet, so only
> > 0.2% of legitimate mail would have it.
>
> For most ISPs, this will require what, 2 DNS entries?

I didn't mention anything about increases in zone file sizes.  How is
that relevant?  My point is that if only 0.2% of your incoming mail
has available RMX bits, then in practical terms you cannot filter
using RMX bits.


> ...
> > Could you whitelist your regular correspondents and cover most of
> > your incoming mail?  I bet you could, and immediately have better
> > protection than any scheme like RMX could have until it reached 80%.
>
> Ahh - so rather than make an infrastructure improvement, every Internet
> user should spend a half-hour a month updating their personal
> whitelist... No thanks.

But you'd rather signup for RMX and wait at least years before filtering
even 1 message a week instead of spending half an hour/month and
immediately getting all that RMX could ever give you?

Note that whitelisting can be automated with some other simple
infrastructure improvments so that you would not need to spend more
than seconds/month.  Does it matter that those infrastructure changes
would not be the same as the RMX changes?


> > > An advantage of RMX is that it is decentralized.
> > Yes, but what matters is how much spam it affects.
>
> An entire class of spam would be eliminated. That class is currently a
> large percentage of the spam I get. Given, a lot of it will migrate into
> other forms, but there will be approaches for dealing with those forms.

People keep saying that, but never say how.  If you turned on RMX
filtering in your MTA (postfix?) tonight, how much spam would be eliminated
and how?  How much would be eliminated next week, month, or in 3 year?

> ...
> > Wouldn't be simpler to tell everyone to compare your sender domain name
> > with your reverse DNS?
>
> Except that you're then overloading the meaning of reverse DNS.

Why is overloading bad?  That's what RMX is based on.

>                                                                 What
> stops the type of spam I mention above - login, check reverse DNS for
> the IP I've been allocated, and set it as my envelope.

That's already partly stopped with the DUL/PDL and port 25 filtering.

Besides, I don't recall seeing significant spam of that sort.


]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

] From: Mike Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>

] ...
] If AOL, Yahoo, or Hotmail wanted to implement RMX, they would cease to allow
] third party sending; senders would have to send the mail through the
] official relays (which is the way it's normally done anyway).  If an
] organization doesn't want to forward through one of a limited number of
] outbound relays, it would not adopt RMX.

Is that really a requirement for using RMX?  If it is, then how can
other people say that AOL, Hotmail, and Yahoo might be interested in
adopting RMX and so driving away some of their current users?


] Right now, a lot of people are blocking all mail claiming to come from
] AOL, Yahoo, or Hotmail.  This is a big problem for those sites, and it's
] not their fault, since the spam that arrives "from" them is all forged.  

I believe a lot of spam purporting to be from AOL is forged, but I
find convincing evidence and logic that most spam supposedly from free
providers is not forged.  Someone at an unknown to me free provider
has checked a sample of addresses from my traps and found a significant
amount was probably *not* forged.  His numbers are significantly lower
than my guess of 90%, but they are significant and I think they are
not for the industry leaders in dropboxes.


] ...
] Not everyone has to be using RMX to make it useful.

How many people must use RMX to make it useful, and how long will it
take to get that many users?  This is not a rhetorical question, but
a genuine technical issue that must be addressed for any protocol or
application, not only spam defenses.  My guess is you need 80% of the
Internet or about 400,000,000 users so that 80% of your incoming mail
has RMX bits.  What is the correct value?


] ...
] Is your argument is that IDENT is useless against spam, therefore RMX is
] useless against spam?  They're completely different animals...

I think IDENT is in sendmail because it was supposed to be effective
against spam.  It was not, and I think one major reason is that it
never reached the critical threshold.

Besides, IDENT for mail seems very similar to RMX.  How would
checking IDENT values for incoming mail differ from checking RMX bits,
other than in trivial matters like using port 53 instead of 113?


] ...
] Exactly!  RMX records give mail systems a reason to shunt all of their
] mail through a few specific servers.  Think about the migration path--if
] we just start checking reverse DNS now, it usually won't work (because a
] lot of sites don't follow the convention).  By introducing a new resource
] record, you give sites a way to declare that they are now following that
] convention.
]
] So... have I sold you on RMX records yet?  :)

Never mind me.  Have you sold the bosses and stockholders of AOL,
Hotmail, Yahoo, or many other ISPs to drive away some of their current
users and install some more out-going mail servers so that a few years
from now, perhaps some spam will be stopped?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 00:18:40 -0700

At 07:48 PM 5/5/03 -0600, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>> From: David Maxwell <david@crlf.net>
>
>> ...
>> You have one more piece of information - "The sending domain is valid,
>> correct, and claims that this host is a valid host to source mail."
>>
>> The current SpamAssassin applies negative scores for certain patterns.
>> Unfortunately, most of the patterns it uses today can be forged by
>> spammers, making them useless. If the RMX 'bit' appears as a header
>> inserted by my local MTA, my filter can give it a negative score, with
>> confidence.
>
>That is mistaken.  Spammers can continue to use Hotmail and Yahoo drop
>boxes and to forge AOL's domain name while abusing open proxies on
>large dynamically addressed cable-modem and DSL networks that have at
>least one AOL, Hotmail, or Yahoo user.  
>

With RMX, if a spammer finds an open relay on AOL then they can 
forge email that looks like it comes from AOL.

Compare that with the non-RMX case where they can forge the domain
example.com and send it through that same relay in AOL.

In the first case, we all pay for receiving the spam, 
AOL pays for sending the spam, 
AOL must deal with complaints about the IP in their network sending spam, 
AOL must deal with complaints about their domain is sending spam, 
and AOL must handle all the bounces that the spam run generates.  

In the second case, we all pay for receiving the spam, 
AOL pays for sending the spam, 
AOL must deal with complaints because their IP is sending spam,
but example.com has to deal with the complaints about their domain 
sending spam, 
and example.com must handle all the bounces that the spam run generates.  

If example.com is an IDSN line, the bounces alone might be enough to 
take out their network.  But they can't do anything until AOL 
decides to fix the problem.  Example.com can't do anything about it.


So to me this looks like a win for RMX, not a tie.

The cynical might point out that it looks better for AOL in the
second case, so why would they adopt RMX?  Note though, that
in case two AOL wouldn't fair any worse if they had an RMX record,
and example.com would have done a lot better if example.com did.


>Because those networks are
>dynamically addressed, an ISP with users on networks that allows third
>party sending (including AOL, Yahoo, and Hotmail) must set their RMX
>'bits' to say "authorized" for all addresses in such a network.  Thus,
>the hardest to filter spam can have good RMX bits.
>

They could set their policy anyway they want,
but I think it's more likely that they would provide relays that
only their users could use, and set their RMX records to point
to only those relays.  The clueless wouldn't be able to handle
sending mail directly, and there won't be that many who want 
to send as example@AOL from within the AOL IP space, 
but refuse to use AOL relays to do that.  Some perhaps,
but I doubt AOL would care that much about them.


>The only fix is to prohibit sending from any mail systems but those
>of the ISP that owns the IP address.  However, if you want to enforce
>that rule, you don't need any new RMX or other bits.  You need only
>compare reverse DNS and envelope sender domain names.  
>
Doesn't follow.


>(Yes, reverse DNS can be faked, but that can be reasonably reliably 
> detected by doing an extra forward lookup of the reverse name.)
>(Yes, in some
>cases you must do a little more than just comparing the PTR and A RRs,
>such as fetching all PTR RRs or all A RRs for the PTR name.)
>

Reverse DNS is controlled by the IP.
If they have an rDNS, you would do about as well by skipping
the rDNS and using the HELO to do a forward look up.
Of course, having rDNS is also a sign of clue, 
and many spammers are lacking in that which makes the mere presence
of rDNS a good test.

>
>(This has nothing to do with my claim that to keep their users, Yahoo,
>Hotmail, and AOL must mark every IP address on the net as "authorized.")
>
They don't have to, but they might want to.
(Though why they would go to the trouble of providing one that's
 pointless instead of just not supporting it is a bit of a reach IMO.)

I don't see it in AOL's case, since they have nothing to lose by
continuing to provide mail relays for their customers, 
but Hotmail might since they don't provide them.
Then again, they might prefer it if people had to use their web
interface to send email.  But hey - their domain, their choice.
Setting a broad RMX means you have to deal with more complaints
and more bounces - they might think it's worth it.


>
>>                                                          When I say
>> _eliminate_, I mean users employing RMX checks will not have to read
>> these spams anymore, and if deployment becomes widespread enough,
>> spammers won't bother sending them anymore.
>
>How widespread enough is enough?  My guess is 80%, but if you prefer
>90% or 50%, I won't argue.  How long will it take to reach that level?
>If it is 10 years, will your ISP deploy this decade?  If 1,000,000
>users get it in the next year, would it be worthwhile for you to check
>RMX bits?  1,000,000 users are about 0.2% of the Internet, so only
>0.2% of legitimate mail would have it.
>

I imagine the amount of time it takes to deploy would depend a lot
on how much real benefit and real cost is associated.
Neither the RMX proposal or the DMP proposal is workable without
some changes to DNS, and DNS changes tend to be slow in coming.
(Didn't Vixie start championing SRV records over 5 years ago?)


When it comes to sending, I think David's premise is flawed.
When new technology has come out in the past,
spammers seem to adapt by sending just as much spam the old way, 
and also sending more a new way that beats the technology.
I think it's more likely spammers will continue to send forged spams,
even if 90% of internet automatically blocks them.


>> ...
>> It eliminates some types of spam. If we had an applicable method that
>> eliminated each type of spam, should we not apply them all - and instead
>> look for a single solution?
>
>Again, how does it eliminate any spam?  In practice, what spam would
>it eliminate that does not already have a mismatch between reverse
>DNS and envelope sender domain?
>

I think a better question is:
"Does it have a better false positive or false negative rate than
 reverse DNS and envelope sender domain?"

And I think it would have a better false positive rate /and/ a better 
false negative rate then reverse DNS + envelope sender domain.
Lots of spam has forged headers and envelopes.  Some spam even
has forged rDNS.  Both would catch the first part, but only
RMX would catch the last.



>
>> ...
>> Today, as a domain owner, I have no way of telling people 'Mail from my
>> domain will only come from these IPs. Any other source is a forgery.'
>
>Wouldn't be simpler to tell everyone to compare your sender domain name
>with your reverse DNS?
>

rDNS does not support multiple domains.
with rDNS, if you have two vanity domains you need two IP addresses.
if you run an email service you might host hundreds of domains
per IP.  So, yes, if you're one of those people it's a lot simpler,
because you couldn't support rDNS at all.


Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
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Subject: Re: RE: [Asrg] RMX proposals and Nash Equilibrium
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> At 12:39 PM -0400 5/4/03, Eric D. Williams wrote:
> >no protocol interaction. There are some I suspect who would argue that
> all
> >'spaminess' must be detected in the SMTP transactions (and that has 
> >advantages)
> 
> 
> Given that two different people may consider the same list to be, or 
> not be, spam.  And that it is not always possible to determine the 
> final recipient at the SMTP transaction point, I think it's pretty 
> clear that this isn't possible.
> -- 

It's clear that this isn't possible for ALL SMTP transactions. It clearly
IS possible for some. Control of MTA-based filtering by an end-user will
clearly
give advantages (appropriate negative responses, more meaningful positive
ones) in a large proportion (I'd guess a large majority) of cases.







--
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On 2003-05-05 19:14:32 -0700, Dave Crocker wrote:
> BS> What it helps with is whether some specific piece of email is highly
> BS> likely to be from the organization it claims to be from, in a
> BS> relatively lightweight way.
>=20
> If you find an RMX record, yes you can make that positive
> interpretation.
>=20
> The problem is that you have zero information if you do NOT find an RMX
> record.

Some proposals for RMX records allow to distinguish between "this domain
doesn't use RMX records" and "this domain does use RMX records but this
address is not an authorized RMX for this domain".

So you have a positive, a negative, and a don't know case.

	hp

--=20
   _  | Peter J. Holzer    | Latein ist das humanoide =C4quivalent
|_|_) | Sysadmin WSR       | zu Fortran.
| |   | hjp@hjp.at         |
__/   | http://www.hjp.at/ |    -- Alexander Bartolich in at.linux

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Requirements for anti-spam systems 
To: "Alan DeKok"  <aland@freeradius.org>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 10:18:04 +0100

> "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com> wrote:
> > >   Much of the discussion around anti-spam systems indicates that most
> > > people think that anti-spam systems are "either-or" type of systems.
> > 
> > At some point a message MUST be either accepted (in some sense) or
> rejected
> > (even if silently). Unless you're thinking about schrodingers email
> that
> > is.
> 
> 
>   <sigh>  The accept/reject decision is based on local policy, NOT on
> the application of the anti-spam system.  It's an apparently subtle
> distinction that has wide-ranging implications for the design and use
> of anti-spam systems.

Indeed. However, I believe it's appropriate (given the requirements for
effects on reliability) that a proposal should be able to require (or at
least "strongly suggest") particular accept/reject behaviour.

> 
>   The link between the anti-spam system and local policy is one that
> the local administrator chooses to make.  The link is NOT automatic,
> and people using anti-spam systems are NOT required to do exactly what
> the system recommends, on pain of anti-spam police breaking down their
> door, and arresting them.


The local administrator can choose to eschew (or modify) a particular
system if it doesn't fit local requirements. Where a system/protocol makes
requirements which go to interoperability, a good implementation will
usually abide by them.






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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 07:44:52 -0400 (EDT)



On Tue, 6 May 2003, Scott Nelson wrote:

> 
> rDNS does not support multiple domains.
> with rDNS, if you have two vanity domains you need two IP addresses.
> if you run an email service you might host hundreds of domains
> per IP.  So, yes, if you're one of those people it's a lot simpler,
> because you couldn't support rDNS at all.
> 

Is this right? Is there some reason many different MAIL FROM: host
names couldn't point to a single SMTP host? 

I think the receiving host looks up the domain name of the FROM address to
check that the connecting host is among the RMX records returned. It
doesn't look up the connecting host to see if the FROM address is listed.

Why has Vixie's similar proposal gotten no discussion here? He wanted to
overload existing MX records with the same information. In effect, 
receivers would accept mail only from hosts with MX records matching the
MAIL FROM address. If a sending domain wished to send from a host but
not receive mail to it, the MX record could be given a very low priority.
A minor advantage here is that BIND doesn't need to be changed. A larger
advantage is that many sites already send and receive from the same host,
so there is a "start up capital" of many millions of pre-configured
sites.

If the "very low priority" is specified in the standard, then there isn't
even any difficulty telling if an MX record is specifically for
verification purposes or not.



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The people driven away by this are not users of Hotmail and Yahoo.  Hotmail 
and Yahoo provide a webmail product and display advertisements on their pages 
and a small ad at the bottom of outgoing messages.  People sending messages 
with yahoo and hotmail return addresses, even if they have a valid hotmail or 
yahoo account, are not users of hotmail or yahoo when they send their 
messages outside of the system.

I cannot imagine a scenario where it would be in yahoo or hotmail's best 
interest to allow anyone one the internet to send messages with an 
@hotmail.com or @yahoo.com address.  The quality of their service will be 
improved by such a great deal if people can allow messages from the 
legitimate outgoing mail servers while denying the rest of the internet the 
ability to impersonate real or fake hotmail users.

On Tuesday 06 May 2003 12:50 am, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>Assume Hotmail and Yahoo sign up for RMX.   Then they either continue to
>let their users send from any IP address on the net, or they tell their
>users the rules have changed and they must use only Hotmail and Yahoo
>mail sending systems.  That will drive away many Hotmail and Yahoo users.

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I want to see an RMX type scheme implemented because it is necessary to 
reduce/end the freely forgeable mail protocol we have now.  With an RMX type 
scheme forging is greatly reduced.

This would reduce the ISP's need to censor incoming/outgoing mail.  I am not 
in favor of any scheme that involves other people or their programs reading 
my mail.

The goal of the RMX type scheme is to make the spammer accountable instead of 
the ISP.  The spammer is the one responsible for abusing the system and is 
the best target for our wrath.

With regard to accepting legitimate mail from spam friendly connection IPs, an 
RMX system lets you set up a program to notify you of the abuse.  One day 
your mail server starts getting hit with 100 invalid (according to RMX) 
emails and you look at it and fix it.  Or the opposite side, you accidently 
set up an open relay and suddenly get notified of 1000 RMX failures in 
outgoing mail (You then fix it right away and feel silly for making such a 
mistake).  It is a win-win situation.

On Monday 05 May 2003 08:01 pm, Daniel Feenberg wrote:
> I think what is left unstated in this dispute is that the RMX proponents
> would like to discriminate among senders at a finer level than the IP
> address of the connecting host. They want to accept legitimate mail from
> spam-friendly connection IPs, and reject other mail. This would reduce the
> need for ISPs to "censor" their customer's incoming/outgoing mail, and the
> need for customers to find an ISP with a mail policy they can live with.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 05 May 2003 14:30:05 MDT."
             <200305052030.h45KU5qt007634@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 10:04:42 -0400

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
>   - For RMX bits to be useful dialup users, their mail provider must
>      list their home IP addresses.

  Nonsense.  I have stated explicitely many times that I expect
users at a domain to authenticate to a well-known MTA for that domain,
and to use that MTA for sending mail.

  In that situation, a proposal which "qualifies" the originating MTA
will deal with the public MTA for that domain, not the umpteen IP's in
the network for that domain.


  I find it curious that your objection to a proposal is based on
using it a situation where it's expensive and unhelpful, when
equivalent, but cheaper alternatives exist.  Your agenda appears to be
to find any crumb, no matter how contrived, which you can then use to
devalue a proposal.

>      Thus, the home domain must list all IP addresses of the dialup
>      ISP as legitimate senders, because the user might next get any
>      address owned by the dialup ISP.  For dialup ISPs with millions
>      of current and prospective customers (e.g. RBOCs and cable modem
>      providers), that would amount to authorizing a lot of spammers.
>      In that case, what information would the RMX bits convey?

  In a nonsense situation you invent, of course the propose is
useless.  But you'll have to take the ownership for the nonsense
situation, as I've never had anything to do with it.

>    - how big a problem is forgery of your domain name?  How many such
>       messages do you see daily?  

  Last time I checked years ago, it was a fair number a week.  I got
tired of wasting my time dealing with idiots who didn't understand
forgeries, and bit-bucketed all of those messages.  If I care enough
to check today, I'm sure the number of forgeries would be large.

> Have you read Dave Crocker's ID?

  Yes.  I read it again yesterday, to be sure I hadn't missed
anything.  It's a good start, but it's significantly more vague than
messages on this list.  Until such time as it signficantly restricts
proposed solutions, I'm left dealing with more descriptive messages on
this list.

> Indeed.  So why aren't you out applying tape and twine instead of
> railing at people who you say are "preventing" your use of RMX?

  Since I've never said that, I have no clue as to what you're talking
about, or what your problem is.

  My concern has been people who oppose proposals, where that
opposition consists mainly of comments like "that won't work", or "we
don't want to change that", or inventing nonsense situations, or
ridiculous ad hominems.

> You are ducking the question.  While PGP and S/MIME were created to
> solve different problems, they certainly do permit identifying the
> originator of email.  If identifying the originator of email is
> effective against spam, what's wrong with PGP and S/MIME for serving
> that purpose?

  Cost.  DNS lookups are cheaper than accepting a full SMTP
transaction, and then doing crypto on the data received.  Is it really
that hard for you to figure that out?

> In your preceding message you said that Yahoo was going to leap on
> the RMX bandwagon.  Are you now saying that Yahoo will leap on a
> bandwagon that forces them to update their business model?  What
> business model do you foresee Yahoo using?

  One that works?

  One that reduces their costs?

>  Would Yahoo users be required to use Yahoo SMTP clients to send
> mail?

  If Yahoo desires it, I don't see why not.

>  If so, how will Yahoo users get past port 25 blocking on other
> ISPs?

  That's really up to Yahoo, the ISP, and their customers, isn't it?

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Sauer, Damon" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [RANT] RE: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 08:53:34 -0500

<rant>

Alas,

 I am throwing my hands up again in disbelief. Did you folks even READ
Hadmut's proposal?!
Slow down DNS?!
Microsoft won't apply due to anti-trust issues?!
Are you on crack?!
You *know* what AOL will filter for and how they apply it? (I guess he
hasn't heard of weighted filters yet)
How many spoofed emails do you get? I get on the order of MILLIONS a day...
are you suggesting that the *better* solution is to stop all email until I
manually check each and every one?! ARE YOU NUTZ?!

 I will not comment further on Vernon and David's emails until they read and
apply Hadmut's proposal to their thought process before slamming it as
unworkable.


 This used to be a good thread. Now.... static.

 Here is an idea:
 Instead of adding personal conjecture or flame- try rejecting the proposal
via its technical merits by asking questions.

 e.g. Q: What about Dial-up users, do each of them have to add their own RMX
if they are running SMTP?

 See.. that was easier- Because the answer is straight forward and
non-confrontational

 A: If an ISP allows their users to use port 25 and have not closed it yet,
the RR for that ISP would be the range of IP's not specific ones x.x.x.x
/xxx

Q: What about people that run their own DNS servers?
A: If the ISP allows this, then one way or another, the RMX is going to be
added according to the infrastructure and will be allowed by the ISP if they
are also allowing you to run your own DNS. *REMINDER* RANGE OF IP'S CAN BE
ADDED TOO!

</rant>

Regards,
Damon Sauer




-----Original Message-----
From: Vernon Schryver [mailto:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com]
Sent: Monday, May 05, 2003 4:02 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article


> From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>

> ...
> > RMX records do nothing I can see to making people accountable for
> > their behaviour ever, and certainly not until the mail of 100's of
> > millions of people use them.
>
>   AOL, Yahoo, Hotmail.
>
>   Done.

Do AOL, Yahoo, and Hotmail have a total of more than 100,000,000 mail
users?  I don't think so, but if I'm wrong about that, I know that
that the RMX bits of AOL, Yahoo, and Hotmail would all say "any IP
address on the net can send mail with envelope Mail_From values of
our domain."  They all have many mail users that must send mail from
other ISPs and who are their mail users only because they can use AOL,
Yahoo, and Hotmail return addresses.

>   See, if those 3 companies decide that originators using RMX get
> "priority" service, I'll bet that a lot of sites will fall all over
> themselves adding RMX records to their DNS.

If the service is merely "priority" instead of "rejection," certainly
not.  In technical practice they cannot give better service to incoming
mail with RMX tags than without.  In fact, the cost of checking the
RMX RRs will slow down mail that has RMX records.

Those 3 companies won't decide to reject mail without RMX records
because their RMX bits will authorized all IP addresses everywhere.
Microsoft certainly won't because of anti-trust issues.   AOL won't
for the same reasons that caused AOL to abandone its old closed BBS
system.  AOL has jumped on some radical filtering, but only when it
had single digit false positive rates.  Today rejecting mail without
RMX bits would have a better than 99.99% false positive rate, and there
is no prospect that will change.


> ...
>   For one, I disagree with your idea that it will take decades.  I
> note that you have offered no proof for such a position.
>
>   In contrast, how quickly did domains add web servers in 1993-1994?
> I'll bet that if someone checked, probably 30% of active domains had
> web sites within 3 years.  That's a good timescale for something like
> RMX.

You'd lose that bet, unless you circularly define "active domains" as
those with HTTP servers.


> >  Or are you claiming RMX records might be used on more than 80% of
> > mail within 10 years?  If so, please justify that claim.
>
>   Nope.  Putting words into your opponents mouth is a well-known style
> of ad hominem attack, and one which astudiously avoids discussing any
> issues of substance.

In your message you twice claimed that RMX records will be very popular
in less than 10 years, including in your immediately preceding words.
Asking if that's your position is hardly inappropriate.


> > What does any of that have to do with stopping spam?  What does knowing
> > that one of UUNet's resellers has validate a mail sender as
> > wpamae1954nx@domain.com tell you?  
>
>   I'll go out on a limb: It allows me to track down that spammer, and
> potentially get them removed from the domain.  If the domain refuses
> to remove the spammer, then I have records which will justify my later
> filtering of ALL traffic from that domain.

Why do you need contact anyone before filtering all traffic from a
domain that has a pattern of supporting spammers?  What spam supporting
domains are you unable to identify today without RMX?


> ...
>   I'd be happy if RMX was used to add domains to blacklists.  Right
> now, domains have "plausible deniability" about spam from their
> domain.  Hotmail can say "Yes, they claim to be from hotmail, but they
> didn't use our MX, so it's not our problem."  RMX allows the recipient
> to refute that denial.

Why do you care about the plausible deniabilty of outfits that support
spammers?  If they are popular with spammers, why don't you just quitely
blacklist them?  Why do you need to count coup on them first?


> > Do you check the whois records for the domains advertised in spam?
>
>   I don't have the time, sorry.

My point is that the information you say you want and a lot more is
already available.


> > What do you learn from records like 
> > http://opensrs.org/cgi-bin/whois.cgi?action=lookup&domain=gamingclub.com
> > What would RMX tell you that whois records and IP addresses don't?
>
>   RMX, by design, explicitely exposes the originating domains intent
> to send email from an IP.  This intent is currently *implicit*.
>
> > By the way, that whois record told me to blacklist that domain.
>
>   That's your perogative.  It's a local policy issue, and it has
> nothing to do with general anti-spam policies.

My point was that the information you say you want from RMX
and a lot more is already available.  If you "don't have the time"
to deal with whois, then you won't have the time to deal with RMX.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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> From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>

> ...
> Reverse DNS is controlled by the IP.
> If they have an rDNS, you would do about as well by skipping
> the rDNS and using the HELO to do a forward look up.
> Of course, having rDNS is also a sign of clue, 
> and many spammers are lacking in that which makes the mere presence
> of rDNS a good test.

The RMX check as I understand it is intended to ask the people who own
the envelope sender domain name if the IP address of the SMTP client is
authorized to send mail with that sender name.  If the HELO value matches
the sender name, and if one of the IP addresses of the HELO value is that
of the SMTP client, then the SMTP client is authorized.

The reason to check reverse DNS name is to cover the case when the
SMTP client is authorized to send mail for more than one domain name.


> And I think it would have a better false positive rate /and/ a better 
> false negative rate then reverse DNS + envelope sender domain.
> Lots of spam has forged headers and envelopes.  Some spam even
> has forged rDNS.  Both would catch the first part, but only
> RMX would catch the last.

How do you "forge" reverse DNS?   My dictionary says that forgery has
something to do being false.  If you check that one of the IP addresses
for the reverse DNS name is IP address whose reverse DNS name you
looked up, then reverse DNS forgery is practically impossible for
spam.  (Of course, without DNSSEC, there are other attacks, but they
could also be used against the RMX bits.)


> ...
> >Wouldn't be simpler to tell everyone to compare your sender domain name
> >with your reverse DNS?
>
> rDNS does not support multiple domains.
> with rDNS, if you have two vanity domains you need two IP addresses.

That seems to be based on the mistaken notion that there can be only
a single PTR RR per IP address.

> if you run an email service you might host hundreds of domains
> per IP.  So, yes, if you're one of those people it's a lot simpler,
> because you couldn't support rDNS at all.

That's mistaken.  If one of your IP addresses is used for hundreds of
domain names, you would not want hundreds of PTR RRs.  (I've known of
ISPs that hosted thousands (1000s) of domain names per IP address.
That forced the code of my UNIX vendor employer at the time to be a
lot smarter than the classic BSD TCP code when mapping names to
interfaces.)  Instead, as I tried to say but was doubtless not clear,
when to the simple comparision of PTR RR values to STMP envelope sender
domain name fails, SMTP servers might be satisfied if one of the MX
RRs for the sender domain contains the SMTP client IP address.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 08:37:53 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>

> ...
> Why has Vixie's similar proposal gotten no discussion here? He wanted to
> overload existing MX records with the same information. In effect, 
> receivers would accept mail only from hosts with MX records matching the
> MAIL FROM address. If a sending domain wished to send from a host but
> not receive mail to it, the MX record could be given a very low priority.
> A minor advantage here is that BIND doesn't need to be changed. A larger
> advantage is that many sites already send and receive from the same host,
> so there is a "start up capital" of many millions of pre-configured
> sites.

That's clearly the way to implement RMX bits.  However, it suffers
smaller but still serious versions of the problems that come with
other RMX ideas.  One is the new limitation that mail with any given
sender domain name can only be sent from a pre-determined handful of
computers.  That limitation conflicts with the business models of many
ISPs and the desires of many users.

(Please, everyone, don't treat me to yet another recitation of how
changes in the Internet require that the rules change unless you are
Dictator of the Internet and have the netcops to enforce new rules.
If the IETF/IRTF had any netcops, it would have long since enforced
rules on more important issues than spam.)


> If the "very low priority" is specified in the standard, then there isn't
> even any difficulty telling if an MX record is specifically for
> verification purposes or not.

I think part of the idea is that you don't need to standardize "very
low priority."  In practice, thre are only two cases.  Either the host
answers port 25 and so the MX record is perfectly valid, or it doesn't,
and no harm is done.  The worst effects of an MX record pointing to
a host that doesn't answer port 25 is an immediate ICMP Port Unreachable
message telling the SMTP client port 25 isn't working.  Since these
bogus MX records would be last, they would only slightly slow down the
SMTP failure case of no working MX server.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 16:58:54 +0200

On Tue, May 06, 2003 at 08:02:44AM -0600, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> 
> If the HELO value matches
> the sender name, and if one of the IP addresses of the HELO value is that
> of the SMTP client, then the SMTP client is authorized.


RMX has nothing, absolutely nothing to do with the HELO value.

You simply don't know what you are talking about, but that
doesn't keep you from flaming. 




Hadmut

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Folks,

>> An entire class of spam would be eliminated. That class is currently a
>> large percentage of the spam I get. Given, a lot of it will migrate into
>> other forms, but there will be approaches for dealing with those forms.

VS> People keep saying that, but never say how.  If you turned on RMX
VS> filtering in your MTA (postfix?) tonight, how much spam would be eliminated
VS> and how?  How much would be eliminated next week, month, or in 3 year?


And herein lies the key questions.  As Vernon notes, no one has offered a
careful, detailed response to these concerns.

d/

ps.  It strikes me that the RMX proposal is conceptually similar to the
old IDENT specification which purported to offer wonderful security but
was soundly rejected by the security community.



d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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The reason RMX records haven't made a big impact to date is the lack of a 
standard.  On this list there have been numerous proposals, each slightly 
different and each one has been met with silly arguments like "if we do that 
I won't be able to send anonymous e-mails pretending to be Ronald Reagan" or, 
more realistically, "but then I'd have to send my hotmail messages actually 
through the hotmail service and that would suck"

On Monday 05 May 2003 04:27 pm, Dave Crocker wrote:
> an explanation of the real utility of rmx records has, so far, been
> based on assumptions and assertions that run contrary to the user and
> operations history of the Internet.

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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 11:42:47 -0400


--llIrKcgUOe3dCx0c
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I've kept fairly quiet (list volume has kept me falling behind almost
consistantly), but I'll stick my head in here.

Thus spake Dave Crocker (dhc@dcrocker.net) [06/05/03 11:21]:
> ps.  It strikes me that the RMX proposal is conceptually similar to the
> old IDENT specification which purported to offer wonderful security but
> was soundly rejected by the security community.

The big difference is that IDENT is a per-user authentication mechanism,
where as RMX is a per-domain authentication mechanism.  IDENT gave you the
ability to figure out which users were on a system.  RMX just tells you the
outbound MX for a domain.  I don't see the massive security concerns.

Being somewhat security-conscious, I /do/ see /small/ problems with the RMX
record, specifically when talking about things like mixmaster.  But the easy
workaround is that mixmaster's either shouldn't use RMX, or should use RMX
on the inbound (I haven't played seriously with the project, so my concept
could be way off, but if they verify that mail coming in to the network is
valid, then in turn, mail going out of the network remains valid, and is
still anonymous.  However, it does add a point of concern to inbound mail,
but I don't believe it to be massive.  If you wish to debate this point,
mail me directly -- my ears are opened to corrections).  Anonymous remailers
could set up their RMX to be 0/0.

So then spammers move to using mixmasters to send their mail.  Well, short
of legislation, I don't see any way to identify the valid source of spam
once it gets in to a mixmaster setup.

So all that really happens is that things like open relays and open proxies
become less and less valuable, and anonymous remailers become infinitely
more popular.  However, they are no more /valuable/ than they are right now
-- the provide the same service, they do the same thing.

--llIrKcgUOe3dCx0c
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 06 May 2003 07:59:58 PDT."
             <2335175049.20030506075958@brandenburg.com> 
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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 12:08:54 -0400

Dave Crocker <dcrocker@brandenburg.com> wrote:
> VS> People keep saying that, but never say how.  If you turned on RMX
> VS> filtering in your MTA (postfix?) tonight, how much spam would be eliminated
> VS> and how?  How much would be eliminated next week, month, or in 3 year?
> 
> And herein lies the key questions.  As Vernon notes, no one has offered a
> careful, detailed response to these concerns.

  Sorry... I must have missed that comment of Vernon's in the midst of
his diatribes, inventions, and ad hominem attacks.

  That question can be trivially answered by reading the RMX I-D.
Quoting from Hadmut's -00 draft:

   8.1.5.  Unforged Spam

   This proposal does not prevent Spam ...


  I think that's the crux of the confusion surrounding the opposition
to RMX: the misunderstanding of it's intent and operation.

  He continues:


   However, the RMX approach is rendered ineffective, if the sender
   doesn't forge. If the sender uses just a normal address of it's own
   domain, this is just a plain, normal e-mail, which needs to be let
   through. Since it is up to the human's taste whether this is Spam
   or not, there's no technical way to reliably identify this as Spam.
   But since the sender domain is known, this domain can be
   blacklisted or legal steps can be gone into.


  Which deals with the limitations of the proposal.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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David,

When you are summarizing comments from others, please make some effort
to reflect what they actually said.  Re-casting their statements into a
form that is silly and false is not especially constructive.

d/

DW> The reason RMX records haven't made a big impact to date is the lack of a
DW> standard.  On this list there have been numerous proposals, each slightly
DW> different and each one has been met with silly arguments like "if we do that
DW> I won't be able to send anonymous e-mails pretending to be Ronald Reagan" or,
DW> more realistically, "but then I'd have to send my hotmail messages actually
DW> through the hotmail service and that would suck"

DW> On Monday 05 May 2003 04:27 pm, Dave Crocker wrote:
>> an explanation of the real utility of rmx records has, so far, been
>> based on assumptions and assertions that run contrary to the user and
>> operations history of the Internet.

--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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On Monday, May 05, 2003 3:40 PM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
8<...>8
> ] From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
>
> ] ...
> ] I think the premise is that RMX is about finding a method to give
> ] accountability.
>
> ] ...
> ] Part of the 'spam' problem lies in accountability.  ...
>
> How so?  Why do you care who Alan Ralsky is, since you surely won't
> be sending him bomb threats or signing him up for junk postal mail.

It is my prerogative to act as I stipulate in policy, or not, relative to 
information I can gather.  The point is that appropriate policy can be defined 
at a policy boundary associated with an RMX result (whatever that is) and 
applied to my liking.

>
> Who cares who "Bill Zhang" of "Sunshine" in China really is, besides
> his ISPs and people who fight spammers instead of spam?

There is a flaw in this statement.  It pre-supposes what policy I will apply to 
an RMX result.  It remains a sysadmins responsibility (typically) to establish 
controls at the policy boundary.  That of course could be anything in the 
universe of options available to the sysadmin including rejecting, accepting, 
redirecting, forwarding, etc.

>                                                           As long as his
> ISPs connect his computers and those of his customers, what anti-spam
> accountability does RMX or any mail sender tagging scheme give?

I am not sure why you think of RMX as a tagging scheme, do you consider DNS a 
tagging scheme or a naming scheme?  Do you consider tagging and naming as 
merely a semantic distinction?  In any event my read is that RMX does not make 
a 'sender' accountable it allows the recipient system/administrator to make 
policy judgements based on objective information and if used by a spammer 
exposes the 'so-called' true authorized origination point for a domain (that's 
accountability).

>                                                                   If RMX
> or some other tagging scheme were universal, and if you could keep "Bill
> Zhang" from signing up for as many RMX tags as he has domains, one might
> argue that it could have some effect.  (He seems to make create several
> new domains/day.  Why don't the ICANN rules against his obviously bogus
> WHOS data make him "accountable" or stop him?)  It's trivial to recognize
> mail from "Bill Zhang" by checking the whois data on the domain names
> in his messages.  What is the difference between using port 53 or port
> 43 for "accountability" for his large volumes of spam?

To answer your question which I think is 'what's the difference with using DNS 
vs. WHOIS?' I don't believe there is a difference for domains that are listed 
in "From:" and "Received by:" headers that is accurate however, I think that 
RMX endeavors to address the problem of inaccurate information in that data 
set.  If I can know, for the purpose of establishing policy, that an IP address 
and domain do not match header information (in the context of the SMTP 
transaction) I consider that valuable information, even if it is only for 
post-hoc filter implementation.  As far as ICANN rules, the RMX proposal does 
not address that.

> What accountability is lacking but would be provided by RMX for the
> unsolicited bulk email from Verisign, American Express, Roving Software,
> Topica, and the rest of the Fortune 50,000 that would be our topic if
> the "Bill Zhangs" were not so productive?  The Fortune 50,000 send
> with unforged headers that point directly at themselves.

I don't think RMX is in effect either a legitimizer or eliminator of spam.  I 
do think that RMX provides a scalable, 'adoption-worthy', un-encumbered,

> The immediate purpose of RMX bits is to let SMTP servers compare IP
> addresses to sender domain names and so stop what some people call
> forgery.  However, the RMX bits for commonly "forged" domains including
> Yahoo, AOL, and Microsoft would say "all IP addresses can send from
> our domain", because they have significant numbers of users who use
> other sending ISPs.

I don't agree.  I think there are other means to establish domain/IP 
associations.  Specifically, modifications or extensions to DHCP or other 
dynamic configuration protocols may be valuable work to look into for this 
group.  In any event the introduction of any proposal, including RMX, does not 
eliminate the viability of other mechanisms e.g. SMTP-AUTH, SMTP-TLS, etc.

> Does SMTP-TLS enforce a valuable anti-spam accountablity?  SMTP-TLS
> has been available for years for free in the popular SMTP implementations,
> so why it used by less than 1%, not to mention more than 80% of the
> net?  Every organization with web pages that can be fetched by HTTPS
> has certificates that could be used with SMTP-TLS.  Most of those
> certificates are signed by major commercial PKI vendors.  Why isn't
> that "accountability" useful?  If it is useful against spam, why isn't
> it being used?  Why is the RMX accountability useful but the SMTP-TLS
> accountability useless?

I don't think measurement of adoption is a viable metric at this point unless 
it is associated with a failed concept or some that don't meet our minimum 
requirements.  Perhaps SMTP-TLS was not 'what the people wanted'.  Any proposal 
that can demonstrably show 'what the people want' does not necessarily have to 
be 'what the people need' or 'what the people asked for'.  Accountability is 
not tied to any specific proposal.  Accountability should, IMHO, be reviewed in 
any proposal as a requirement or goal.

> The underlying problem is that people who advocate RMX, TOES,
> authentication, or content tagging hope that some magic technology
> will finger spammers.  They don't want to be bothered with the standard
> work of collaring bad guys.  They don't care that counting coup on
> spammers by saying "I know who you are" never stops any spam.

I don't agree.  I think the problem is that we have not truly reviewed any 
approach that is the 'silver bullet' and probably won't ever see one.  As I 
said accountability is an important concept for formulating and establishing 
appropriate policy boundaries, knowing who someone is vs. who they purport to 
be is a valuable bit of information no matter where it comes from. 
 Establishing an appropriate policy boundary and effective (by some measure) 
enforcement controls is I think a consensus goal.  It is the method and means 
of doing that where we are focusing in this group.

>                                                                Those
> who are serious about fighing spammers instead of fighting spam don't
> need RMX or any of the other superficial quick fixes.  That's demonstrated
> in web pages such as http://www.spamhaus.org/rokso/

I understand your point, however I think with work RMX can be evolved into a 
more effective accountability mechanism, I am will to participate in that 
endeavor.  I don't understand what your premise is for the statement "Those who 
are serious".  I am serious about researching this issue to help formulate a 
set of solutions and approaches that CAN work.  I can not predict adoption or 
non-adoption and I do not attempt to evaluate the motives, resolve or agendas 
of the other participants in this group.  I would like to evaluate proposal 
using objective technical measures.

-e
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From: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Damian,

DG> Thus spake Dave Crocker (dhc@dcrocker.net) [06/05/03 11:21]:
>> ps.  It strikes me that the RMX proposal is conceptually similar to the
>> old IDENT specification which purported to offer wonderful security but
>> was soundly rejected by the security community.

DG> The big difference is that IDENT is a per-user authentication mechanism,

I used the word "conceptually".  Your response is mostly about details.

From an architectural standpoing, both proposals seek to obtain a
small bit of validation from the sending host, and then extend the
semantics of that validation far beyond what is technically warranted.


d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 1:51 AM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
>
> ] ...
> ] Is your argument is that IDENT is useless against spam, therefore RMX is
> ] useless against spam?  They're completely different animals...
>
> I think IDENT is in sendmail because it was supposed to be effective
> against spam.  It was not, and I think one major reason is that it
> never reached the critical threshold.

Side note: That is not the origin of IDENT protocol.  IDENT had nothing to do 
with 'spam'.  It is a completely different beast with a completely different 
and more esoteric origin.

> Besides, IDENT for mail seems very similar to RMX.  How would
> checking IDENT values for incoming mail differ from checking RMX bits,
> other than in trivial matters like using port 53 instead of 113?

Huh?  IDENT is not used for that type of purpose and should not be used to 
authorize or authenticate any activity on Internet.

-e
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On Monday, May 05, 2003 9:02 PM, Daniel Feenberg [SMTP:feenberg@nber.org] 
wrote:
>
>
> On Mon, 5 May 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>
> >
> > What accountability is lacking but would be provided by RMX for the
> > unsolicited bulk email from Verisign, American Express, Roving Software,
> > Topica, and the rest of the Fortune 50,000 that would be our topic if
> > the "Bill Zhangs" were not so productive?  The Fortune 50,000 send
> > with unforged headers that point directly at themselves.
> >
>
> I think what is left unstated in this dispute is that the RMX proponents
> would like to discriminate among senders at a finer level than the IP
> address of the connecting host. They want to accept legitimate mail from
> spam-friendly connection IPs, and reject other mail. This would reduce the
> need for ISPs to "censor" their customer's incoming/outgoing mail, and the
> need for customers to find an ISP with a mail policy they can live with.

I don't follow that premise.  How does RMX lead to a '[desire] to accept mail 
from spam-friendly connection IPs, and reject other mail'?  How would the 
introduction of RMX affect my (recipient MTA) policy formulation in your 
example?

-e
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Dave Crocker <dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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References: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0305051946590.11255-100000@tamale.caltech.edu> <200305060550.h465olHn011387@calcite.rhyolite.com> <2335175049.20030506075958@brandenburg.com>
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 18:19:03 +0200

On Tue, May 06, 2003 at 07:59:58AM -0700, Dave Crocker wrote:

> ps.  It strikes me that the RMX proposal is conceptually similar to the
> old IDENT specification which purported to offer wonderful security but
> was soundly rejected by the security community.


No, you completely missed the point and you still don't understand
how RMX works.

IDENT was useless, because the peer machine itself gives any random
answer. IDENT was useful as long as there were a few big UNIX and VMS
machines where hundreds of users logged in but hadn't have root
access.

Today we are in the personal computer and Windows age, where everyone
is his own admin and can reply anything he wants. Since the IDENT
query is directed to exactly where the TCP connection came from, you
are asking the attacker "what's your name". Obviously, if the attacker
uses a wrong sender address for SMTP, he won't give a better answer
for IDENT. That's why IDENT became useless.

In contrast, RMX doesn't ask the sending MTA, which could be the
attacker, but a third party, which can be relied on since the query
path doesn't depend on the incoming SMTP connection.

Again, please inform yourself before posting.

Wouldn't it be a good idea to take a few minutes and read the 
RMX draft before going on with flaming?


Hadmut

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX and Privacy 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 05 May 2003 21:49:18 EDT."
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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 12:34:28 -0400

Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> We certainly had a good discussion on using RMX. However, there is one 
> issue that has been bugging me that was not mentioned. With the current 
> SMTP system it is very easy to send anonymous email. However, what will 
> happen if RMX is used? RMX is designed to authenticate the domain of the 
> sender, not the actual user so it is still possible to use a proxy to send 
> the email for you. A mixmaster anonymous remailer or a web mail account 
> that was created through www.anonymizer.com can still be used to send email 
> as long as their domains have RMX records.

  It is the responsibility of the administrator of the remailer to
minimize the amount of spam flowing through his system, or others will
block mail from his domain.  RMX changes nothing.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 12:10:07 -0400

Thus spake Dave Crocker (dhc@dcrocker.net) [06/05/03 11:57]:
> I used the word "conceptually".  Your response is mostly about details.

If by 'conceptually' you mean 'they both identify something', then I agree.

> From an architectural standpoing, both proposals seek to obtain a
> small bit of validation from the sending host, and then extend the
> semantics of that validation far beyond what is technically warranted.

My point was simply that comparing RMX to IDENT is not a valid comparison.
Akin to comparing a bicycle to a car.  Both are methods of transportation,
but similarities end there (and both have tires and both use energy and ...)

I have been watching this debate, and I have yet to see a solid explanation
as to why you believe usage of RMX goes far beyone what is technically
warranted.  The previous can't-send-hotmail-not-through-hotmail argument is
weak yet still valid, but I don't see what leaping assumptions I am making
if the sender does or doesn't have an RMX record.
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On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 10:03 AM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
> > ...
> > >Wouldn't be simpler to tell everyone to compare your sender domain name
> > >with your reverse DNS?
> >
> > rDNS does not support multiple domains.
> > with rDNS, if you have two vanity domains you need two IP addresses.
>
> That seems to be based on the mistaken notion that there can be only
> a single PTR RR per IP address.

There can only be one canonical reverse mapping for an IP address.  There can 
be multiple forward A records.  That is not to say the a PTR record can't be 
dynamically configured. However, yes that is the case for any instance for a 
transient or permenant assignment of a PTR RR AFAIK.

100	IN	PTR	domain1.com.
	IN	PTR	domain2.com.

does not work AFAIK, I will give it a shot.

-e
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Message from Damian Gerow <damian@sentex.net> 
   of "Tue, 06 May 2003 11:42:47 EDT." <20030506154247.GF777@sentex.net> 
References: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0305051946590.11255-100000@tamale.caltech.edu> <200305060550.h465olHn011387@calcite.rhyolite.com> <2335175049.20030506075958@brandenburg.com>  <20030506154247.GF777@sentex.net> 
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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 09:30:17 -0700

On Tue, 6 May 2003 11:42:47 -0400 
Damian Gerow <damian@sentex.net> wrote:

> So all that really happens is that things like open relays and open
> proxies become less and less valuable, and anonymous remailers become
> infinitely more popular.  However, they are no more /valuable/ than
> they are right now -- the provide the same service, they do the same
> thing.

We currently have compromised Windows systems being used as spam
origination points.  Are we next going to see such zombie systems used
as anonymous remailers?  Or are they more likely to use the compromised
system to extract appropriate mailing credentials to tack onto spam
(creds which for instance satisfy RMX etc)?

I'd bet for the latter.  Given Window's uniformity of configuration
storage and access, its far too tempting a target.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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On Tue, 6 May 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> The RMX check as I understand it is intended to ask the people who own
> the envelope sender domain name if the IP address of the SMTP client is
> authorized to send mail with that sender name.  If the HELO value matches
> the sender name, and if one of the IP addresses of the HELO value is that
> of the SMTP client, then the SMTP client is authorized.

Vernon,

This is not quite how RMX works; perhaps our disagreement stems from a
simple miscommunication.

Won't you please take a look at the page?

	http://www.mikerubel.org/computers/rmx_records/

Thanks,
Mike

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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 10:44:31 -0600 (MDT)

> From: David Maxwell <david@crlf.net>

> ...
> No, that is not a correct statement.
>
> The new limitation is that mail with any given sender domain name may
> not be blindly accepted by the destination MTA, if it comes from other
> than an authorized source MTA. 
>
> Mail can still be sent from any computer on the Internet. It's done by
> authenticating to your home MTA, ...

No, that's also incorrect.  A more correct version is that it seems
the RMX notion creates a new requirement for a "home sending MTA."
That new requirement conflicts with the business models of many ISPs
and the preferences of many users.

Whether that new requirement is a good idea (I doubt it) is a separate
issue.


]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

] From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>

] > I think IDENT is in sendmail because it was supposed to be effective
] > against spam.  It was not, and I think one major reason is that it
] > never reached the critical threshold.
]
] Side note: That is not the origin of IDENT protocol.  IDENT had nothing to do 
] with 'spam'.  It is a completely different beast with a completely different 
] and more esoteric origin.

That was originally true, except for the "esoteric" bit.  However, if
the origins of IDENT were a relevant objection, then it would outlaw
RMX because DNS was not invented to deal with spam.



] > Besides, IDENT for mail seems very similar to RMX.  How would
] > checking IDENT values for incoming mail differ from checking RMX bits,
] > other than in trivial matters like using port 53 instead of 113?
]
] Huh?  IDENT is not used for that type of purpose and should not be used to 
] authorize or authenticate any activity on Internet.

Please justify that claim.  I think it is entirely wrong.  IDENT was
invented precisely to add accountability for bad actors; never mind
that I and many others argued from the start that it was a waste of
effort and bandwidth.  That spam was not one of the original bad acts
is also irrelevant. 

Consider http://www.sendmail.org/~ca/email/doc/op-sh-2.html#sh-2.9
which starts:

}  Sendmail supports the IDENT protocol as defined in RFC 1413. Although
}  this enhances identification of the author of an email message ...

That the rest of that text suggests that some of the the people
responsible for sendmail think as little of that as I think of RMX
seems like yet another irrelevancy.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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> From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>

> The reason RMX records haven't made a big impact to date is the lack of a 
> standard. ...

The idea that writing and publishing a standard as an RFC causes
a protocol or other idea to be used is quite popular.  Many people have
the illusion that soon after an RFC is written, the Internet starts
using it.  That idea is quite wrong.  Publishing a standard has very
little effect on whether a protocol or procecure is ever used.

The purpose of the IETF is to encourage interoperable implementations.
The IETF tends to reduce competition between competing standards, but
it is almost useless for getting a standard used.

However, feel free to see if I'm wrong.  You can get an RFC defining
whatever you like as an RMX protocol published within a month.  You
don't need from permission me, Paul Judge, or anyone else but the RFC
Editor, and they are quite liberal.  If I'm wrong, in less time than
this mailing list has existed, RMX would be fixing lots of spam.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 12:02:32 -0500

On Tue, May 06, 2003 at 12:18:40AM -0700, Scott Nelson wrote:
> 
> >(Yes, reverse DNS can be faked, but that can be reasonably reliably 
> > detected by doing an extra forward lookup of the reverse name.)
> >(Yes, in some
> >cases you must do a little more than just comparing the PTR and A RRs,
> >such as fetching all PTR RRs or all A RRs for the PTR name.)
> 
> Reverse DNS is controlled by the IP.
> If they have an rDNS, you would do about as well by skipping
> the rDNS and using the HELO to do a forward look up.

As mentioned previously on this list, a spammer has control over the EHLO
parameter for open proxies, but has no control over the originating IP
address.  So there is a difference.

> Of course, having rDNS is also a sign of clue, 
> and many spammers are lacking in that which makes the mere presence
> of rDNS a good test.

We are finding rDNS checks to be more and more useful over the past 9 months
as more and more real MTAs are getting "proper" rDNS RRs.  What makes these
checks useful is that the spammer using open proxies and the like has no
control over rDNS configuration, only over the SMTP sessions they create.
We are finding that a lot of sites do not bother setting up rDNS for the
many client workstations they are responsible for.  This makes those very
workstations unable to be abused by spammers (at least for sending to sites
who check rDNS, such as ours).
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No disrespect was intended.  The silly quotes were not meant to refer to 
anything you said but to be a general, while sarcastic, summary of the list's 
response to RMX and similar schemes.

On Tuesday 06 May 2003 10:54 am, Dave Crocker wrote:
> David,
>
> When you are summarizing comments from others, please make some effort
> to reflect what they actually said.  Re-casting their statements into a
> form that is silly and false is not especially constructive.
>
> d/
>
> DW> The reason RMX records haven't made a big impact to date is the lack of
> a DW> standard.  On this list there have been numerous proposals, each
> slightly DW> different and each one has been met with silly arguments like
> "if we do that DW> I won't be able to send anonymous e-mails pretending to
> be Ronald Reagan" or, DW> more realistically, "but then I'd have to send my
> hotmail messages actually DW> through the hotmail service and that would
> suck"
>
> DW> On Monday 05 May 2003 04:27 pm, Dave Crocker wrote:
> >> an explanation of the real utility of rmx records has, so far, been
> >> based on assumptions and assertions that run contrary to the user and
> >> operations history of the Internet.
>
> --
>  Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
>  Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
>  Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>


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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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> From: Mike Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>

> This is not quite how RMX works; perhaps our disagreement stems from a
> simple miscommunication.
>
> Won't you please take a look at the page?
>
> 	http://www.mikerubel.org/computers/rmx_records/

Yes, I did not realize that RMX was based on the notion that I've
previously characterized as stuffing the Internet back into the old
big BBS model favored by AOL.  Forcing users to pick an ISP and stick
to it is characteristic of a BBS or bulletin board system.  It has
many attractions for some ISPs but not for others.  Many users were
happy with BBS's, but some weren't and would not be.

Have you considered Paul Vixie's version of RMX?  Given the premise
of requiring users to have a "home sending MTA," why isn't Paul's the
obvious and only reasonable instantiation of the idea?  What do new
RRs buy that do not come from MX records, except a lot of problems?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'J C Lawrence'" <claw@kanga.nu>, "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
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On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 12:30 PM, J C Lawrence [SMTP:claw@kanga.nu] wrote:
> On Tue, 6 May 2003 11:42:47 -0400
> Damian Gerow <damian@sentex.net> wrote:
>
> > So all that really happens is that things like open relays and open
> > proxies become less and less valuable, and anonymous remailers become
> > infinitely more popular.  However, they are no more /valuable/ than
> > they are right now -- the provide the same service, they do the same
> > thing.
>
> We currently have compromised Windows systems being used as spam
> origination points.  Are we next going to see such zombie systems used
> as anonymous remailers?  Or are they more likely to use the compromised
> system to extract appropriate mailing credentials to tack onto spam
> (creds which for instance satisfy RMX etc)?

How would such an attack work?  Although you present an interesting issue re: 
security and 'zombie' eMail  how would RMX break (if that is your implication) 
in the proposed scenario.  What credentials other than domain name and IP 
address would satisfy an RMX query if stolen?  In any event the 'zombie' (or 
maybe zonebie is better :) would be a security concern first and a spam 
origination concerns second IMHO.

-e
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 11:18:14 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>

> ...
> > That seems to be based on the mistaken notion that there can be only
> > a single PTR RR per IP address.
>
> There can only be one canonical reverse mapping for an IP address.

Where does the word "canonical" appear in RFC 1034 in connection with
PTR RRs?

>                                                                     There can 
> be multiple forward A records.  That is not to say the a PTR record can't be 
> dynamically configured. However, yes that is the case for any instance for a 
> transient or permenant assignment of a PTR RR AFAIK.
>
> 100	IN	PTR	domain1.com.
> 	IN	PTR	domain2.com.
>
> does not work AFAIK, I will give it a shot.

Those are quite similar to the lines that temporarily cause this:
    % nslookup -d 192.188.61.4
    ...
	QUESTIONS:
	    4.61.188.192.in-addr.arpa, type = PTR, class = IN
	ANSWERS:
	->  4.61.188.192.in-addr.arpa
	    name = andesite.rhyolite.com
	    ttl = 86400 (1D)
	->  4.61.188.192.in-addr.arpa
	    name = ns3.rhyolite.com
	    ttl = 86400 (1D)
    ...


See also http://www.google.com/search?q=%22multiple+ptr%22+dns


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 10:22:48 -0700

On Tue, May 06, 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> Consider http://www.sendmail.org/~ca/email/doc/op-sh-2.html#sh-2.9
> which starts:
> 
> }  Sendmail supports the IDENT protocol as defined in RFC 1413. Although
> }  this enhances identification of the author of an email message ...
> 
> That the rest of that text suggests that some of the the people
> responsible for sendmail think as little of that as I think of RMX
> seems like yet another irrelevancy.

ident has gained some usefulness again: it can be used to block
squids and CacheFlowServer (misconfigured open proxies).

RMX is different (see Hadmut's response to Dave's comparison
of RMX and ident).

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Hadmut,

Thanks for exploring my comparison in some detail.

>> ps.  It strikes me that the RMX proposal is conceptually similar to the
>> old IDENT specification w

HD> IDENT was useless, because the peer machine itself gives any random
HD> answer. IDENT was useful as long as there were a few big UNIX and VMS
HD> machines where hundreds of users logged in but hadn't have root
HD> access.

Even then, it was not useful, because by the time it was proposed, there
were not a few big time-shared system.

However, the belief that it would have been useful under those
circumstances is based on the view that the administrator of the
timesharing system was independent of the person running the
applications AND that administrator could be expected to be trustworthy.

And therein lies the same, serious problem with RMX.


HD> In contrast, RMX doesn't ask the sending MTA, which could be the
HD> attacker, but a third party, which can be relied on since the query
HD> path doesn't depend on the incoming SMTP connection.

The reason that I refer to RMX as a point solution, rather than
something with a real potential for getting at the core of spam, is
because it "only" attempts to deal with From-field spoofing.

Spoofing is bad, but it is not at all the core problem with spam.

Spam is about content policies and author policies. RMX does nothing
about either of these.

Eliminate all spoofing and you are left with massive amounts of spam.

And, by the way, in the off-chance that RMX actually does achieve
wide-scale deployment, the folks who are currently doing spoofing will
simply move on to other techniques.

Note that there is nothing to prevent a spammer from hosting an MTA and
creating RMX records.  They might not be able to do that for aol.com but
they CAN do it for a0l.biz, supposedly-honest.net, and an infinite
number of other domains.

Like IDENT, RMX relies on a model of strict, system-wide control.
Unfortunately, the diversity of the net means that it is essentially
impossible to enforce the kinds of controls that are required by such
proposals.


HD> Again, please inform yourself before posting.

I will return the favor, by suggesting that folks inform themselves
about the realities of Internet-scale operations, Internet-scale
deployment physics, and Internet-scale spammer adaptability.

Then, perhaps, we will not be presented with localized, near-term
proposals that will have no impact on large-scale, long-term spamming.


d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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On Tue, May 06, 2003 at 10:38:59AM -0700, Dave Crocker wrote:
> 
> However, the belief that it would have been useful under those
> circumstances is based on the view that the administrator of the
> timesharing system was independent of the person running the
> applications AND that administrator could be expected to be trustworthy.
> 
> And therein lies the same, serious problem with RMX.

Huh? I can't follow you, I don't understand what you're trying to say.
Please elaborate.


Hadmut
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On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 12:45 PM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
> ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
>
> ] From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
>
> ] > I think IDENT is in sendmail because it was supposed to be effective
> ] > against spam.  It was not, and I think one major reason is that it
> ] > never reached the critical threshold.
> ]
> ] Side note: That is not the origin of IDENT protocol.  IDENT had nothing to 
do
> ] with 'spam'.  It is a completely different beast with a completely 
different
> ] and more esoteric origin.
>
> That was originally true, except for the "esoteric" bit.  However, if
> the origins of IDENT were a relevant objection, then it would outlaw
> RMX because DNS was not invented to deal with spam.

If it is originally true than it is true, is it not? Sure through away the 
esoteric bit, fundamentally IDENT was not created to function as a subordinate 
device for messaging systems.  I only added that to correctly in my opinion 
characterize the following:

   The Identification Protocol (a.k.a., "ident", a.k.a., "the Ident
   Protocol") provides a means to determine the identity of a user of a
   particular TCP connection.  Given a TCP port number pair, it returns
   a character string which identifies the owner of that connection on
   the server's system.

As you state IDENT nor DNS were developed to deal with 'spam'.  And that is the 
point I am arguing for, that existing technologies may be used to develop 
viable anti-spam proposals.

>
> ] > Besides, IDENT for mail seems very similar to RMX.  How would
> ] > checking IDENT values for incoming mail differ from checking RMX bits,
> ] > other than in trivial matters like using port 53 instead of 113?
> ]
> ] Huh?  IDENT is not used for that type of purpose and should not be used to
> ] authorize or authenticate any activity on Internet.
>
> Please justify that claim.  I think it is entirely wrong.  IDENT was
> invented precisely to add accountability for bad actors; never mind
> that I and many others argued from the start that it was a waste of
> effort and bandwidth.  That spam was not one of the original bad acts
> is also irrelevant.

The claim is one of application of best security practices and as stated by the 
security considerations in the IDENT RFC 1413, as I believe you know. 
 Additionally, IDENT logging MAY be used as 'auditing' information for TCP 
connections, it should not be relied upon to make decisions such as those 
associated with policy boundaries (authorization, access control).  That is my 
read on the RFC 1413.

> Consider http://www.sendmail.org/~ca/email/doc/op-sh-2.html#sh-2.9
> which starts:
>
> }  Sendmail supports the IDENT protocol as defined in RFC 1413. Although
> }  this enhances identification of the author of an email message ...
>
> That the rest of that text suggests that some of the the people
> responsible for sendmail think as little of that as I think of RMX
> seems like yet another irrelevancy.

The rest of the text refers back to the RFC 1413, what is the point you are 
trying to make?  I think the RFC spells out clearly the security considerations 
involved with IDENT.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
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   of "Tue, 06 May 2003 13:02:47 EDT." <01C313CF.E5F6F170.eric@infobro.com> 
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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 11:17:21 -0700

On Tue, 6 May 2003 13:02:47 -0400 
Eric D Williams <eric@infobro.com> wrote:
> On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 12:30 PM, J C Lawrence [SMTP:claw@kanga.nu]
> wrote:
>> On Tue, 6 May 2003 11:42:47 -0400 Damian Gerow <damian@sentex.net>
>> wrote:
 
>>> So all that really happens is that things like open relays and open
>>> proxies become less and less valuable, and anonymous remailers
>>> become infinitely more popular.  However, they are no more
>>> /valuable/ than they are right now -- the provide the same service,
>>> they do the same thing.

>> We currently have compromised Windows systems being used as spam
>> origination points.  Are we next going to see such zombie systems
>> used as anonymous remailers?  Or are they more likely to use the
>> compromised system to extract appropriate mailing credentials to tack
>> onto spam (creds which for instance satisfy RMX etc)?

> How would such an attack work?  Although you present an interesting
> issue re: security and 'zombie' eMail how would RMX break (if that is
> your implication) in the proposed scenario.  What credentials other
> than domain name and IP address would satisfy an RMX query if stolen?
> In any event the 'zombie' (or maybe zonebie is better :) would be a
> security concern first and a spam origination concerns second IMHO.

The trivial approach:

  BoxA is compromised.

  The zombie code sucks in a spamming engine (SE).

  The SE determines the mail configuration of BoxA in terms of
  appropriate SMTP envelope etc from the registry.

  BoxA spams away using the stolen credentials from its registry.

Notes:

  Yeah, its illegal.  So is a significant percentage of the spam I
  receive.  Additionally, chasing law breaking spammers across
  international borders is not a fun game.

  This is a bad scenario, not just for RMX, but on almost all scores.
  Most automated authentication or credential schemes can be broken if
  subjected to localhost compromise.  In essence its a reply attack
  using the same source node.  Its not clear to me that it is possible
  to defend against this case in any reasonable fashion, with or without
  RMX.

  RMX suffers in this scenario as perfectly legitimate mail cannot be
  distinguished from spam.  This pain is not exclusive to RMX, its just
  a side effect.  

  It makes the ISP a target and gives some, very marginal and slight,
  encouragement for ISPs to __attempt__ to police their user's systems
  and pro-actively search out and shut down compromised systems.  This
  will not be welcomed by ISPs or the ISP's users.  Prediction: One big
  finger pointing whining profit margin eating tar baby morass.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 06 May 2003 10:38:59 PDT."
             <19744716058.20030506103859@brandenburg.com> 
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Subject: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough?
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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 14:39:20 -0400

Dave Crocker <dcrocker@brandenburg.com> wrote:
> Spoofing is bad, but it is not at all the core problem with spam.

  So there's no point in solving one part of the spam problem, because
the problem is larger than that.  Yeah, that makes sense...

> And, by the way, in the off-chance that RMX actually does achieve
> wide-scale deployment, the folks who are currently doing spoofing will
> simply move on to other techniques.

  ... other "existing" techniques.  RMX doesn't give the spammers any
new methods by which to spam.  Therefore use of RMX will change only
the frequency distribution of the use of existing techniques.
Therefore, there will be no new interaction effects.  Therefore, the
possible space allowed for spamming will be smaller and/or more
expensive.

  If implementing an anti-spam system gives sites a net benefit, it
would seem logical that they have incentive to implement it.  If the
system gives no net benefit, then there's obviously no implementation
incentive.

> I will return the favor, by suggesting that folks inform themselves
> about the realities of Internet-scale operations, Internet-scale
> deployment physics, and Internet-scale spammer adaptability.
> 
> Then, perhaps, we will not be presented with localized, near-term
> proposals that will have no impact on large-scale, long-term spamming.

  OK, I'll bite: Is there anything in SMTP practice, implementation, or
protocol that you are willing to change to fight spam?  Is there any
cost you are willing to pay to fight spam?

  Alan DeKok.
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References: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0305051946590.11255-100000@tamale.caltech.edu>
 <200305060550.h465olHn011387@calcite.rhyolite.com>
 <2335175049.20030506075958@brandenburg.com> <20030506161903.GA1469@danisch.de>
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Hadmut,

HD> On Tue, May 06, 2003 at 10:38:59AM -0700, Dave Crocker wrote:
>> 
>> However, the belief that it would have been useful under those
>> circumstances is based on the view that the administrator of the
>> timesharing system was independent of the person running the
>> applications AND that administrator could be expected to be trustworthy.
>> 
>> And therein lies the same, serious problem with RMX.

HD> Huh? I can't follow you, I don't understand what you're trying to say.
HD> Please elaborate.


Ident asks the owner (root) of the associated IP address for some
identification information and assumes that the requestor then knows
something that is both accurate and important.  The assumption is
incorrect, possibly on both counts.

RMX asks the owner of the domain about a purported relationship to some
other domain, and assumes that is is both accurate and important.
Again, it is incorrect, possibly on both counts.

Does use of RMX mean that the sending MTA has authorized the From field
domain name?  Perhaps.

But a rogue spammer who owns an MTA is free to list whatever other
domain names it wants in the RMX.  So nasty-spammer.com is free to have
an RMX entry for aol.com.

And, by the way, we have not achieved much, even if we make all the From
fields be accurate.  We still get spam.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Vernon Schryver'" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>,
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I stand corrected.  I do not see that as a best practice (esp. related to 
secure configuration of an IP).

-e

On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 1:18 PM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
> > From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
>
> > ...
> > > That seems to be based on the mistaken notion that there can be only
> > > a single PTR RR per IP address.
> >
> > There can only be one canonical reverse mapping for an IP address.
>
> Where does the word "canonical" appear in RFC 1034 in connection with
> PTR RRs?
>
> >                                                                     There
> >                                                                     can
> > be multiple forward A records.  That is not to say the a PTR record can't 
be
> >
> > dynamically configured. However, yes that is the case for any instance for 
a
> >
> > transient or permenant assignment of a PTR RR AFAIK.
> >
> > 100	IN	PTR	domain1.com.
> > 	IN	PTR	domain2.com.
> >
> > does not work AFAIK, I will give it a shot.
>
> Those are quite similar to the lines that temporarily cause this:
>     % nslookup -d 192.188.61.4
>     ...
> 	QUESTIONS:
> 	    4.61.188.192.in-addr.arpa, type = PTR, class = IN
> 	ANSWERS:
> 	->  4.61.188.192.in-addr.arpa
> 	    name = andesite.rhyolite.com
> 	    ttl = 86400 (1D)
> 	->  4.61.188.192.in-addr.arpa
> 	    name = ns3.rhyolite.com
> 	    ttl = 86400 (1D)
>     ...
>
>
> See also http://www.google.com/search?q=%22multiple+ptr%22+dns
>
>
> Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 14:32:16 -0400
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On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 1:39 PM, Dave Crocker [SMTP:dhc@dcrocker.net] wrote:
8<...>8
> The reason that I refer to RMX as a point solution, rather than
> something with a real potential for getting at the core of spam, is
> because it "only" attempts to deal with From-field spoofing.
>
> Spoofing is bad, but it is not at all the core problem with spam.

But spoofing is one of the plethora of problems that are found with 'spam'.

> Spam is about content policies and author policies. RMX does nothing
> about either of these.

If those are the basis problems then there is no technical solution except 
filtering.  Those approaches, IMHO, also has merit and should be pursued 
vigorously.  I don't believe there is a silver bullet for 'spam'.  I feel there 
must be an overall architecture developed that addresses multiple points.  RMX 
is, as you state, a point solution; I think the architecture for dealing with 
'spam' may require multiple point solutions to be effective.

> Eliminate all spoofing and you are left with massive amounts of spam.

I agree, but that also represents a reduction in spoofed 'spam' (perhaps given 
your adaptability metric offset by other methods).  It is a proposal for an 
incremental but deployment could be coordinated with other proposals that make 
up an overall architecture.

> And, by the way, in the off-chance that RMX actually does achieve
> wide-scale deployment, the folks who are currently doing spoofing will
> simply move on to other techniques.

That may be true but, it is unknowable what other techniques those will be and 
unknowable what other techniques will evolve to counteract other proposals. 
 Given 'spammer' adaptability a viable method of reducing the universe of 
methods that are usable is a plus, to me.

> Note that there is nothing to prevent a spammer from hosting an MTA and
> creating RMX records.  They might not be able to do that for aol.com but
> they CAN do it for a0l.biz, supposedly-honest.net, and an infinite
> number of other domains.

True.  I think that misses the mark though, there will always be an infinite 
number of domains and I don't think RMX purports to eliminate 'spamming' MTAs. 
 The question then becomes for me "Am I establishing controls to counteract 
spam from the appropriate MTAs?"

> Like IDENT, RMX relies on a model of strict, system-wide control.
> Unfortunately, the diversity of the net means that it is essentially
> impossible to enforce the kinds of controls that are required by such
> proposals.

That is also true.  Do you know of a distributed control methodology that can 
enforce controls at the edges OR, allow better enforcement at the/my policy 
boundary?

>
> HD> Again, please inform yourself before posting.
>
> I will return the favor, by suggesting that folks inform themselves
> about the realities of Internet-scale operations, Internet-scale
> deployment physics, and Internet-scale spammer adaptability.

I feel RMX can be evolved and will scale.  I concur and think the deployment 
physics of RMX should be explored in greater depth.  I would like a pointer to 
any prior work done with respect to 'spammer' adaptability outside my own 
anecdotal references and historical perspective.

> Then, perhaps, we will not be presented with localized, near-term
> proposals that will have no impact on large-scale, long-term spamming.

I am not sure which proposals will be localized and near-term and will have no 
impact, yet.  I have not seen much evolution in the proposals.  I am not sure 
whether RMX should be considered localized although I do agree that there may 
be an issue of near-term adoption that must be explored to determine viability 
(to which Vernon has alluded) I do not know what the 'number' is for any 
proposal.

It may be useful to consider whether any proposal will not be localized in as 
much as policy controls will constitute the ACTUAL manifestation of 'spam' 
controls.  Whether in the core or at the edges.

-e
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Dave Crocker <dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
Message-ID: <20030506184656.GA3258@danisch.de>
References: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0305051946590.11255-100000@tamale.caltech.edu> <200305060550.h465olHn011387@calcite.rhyolite.com> <2335175049.20030506075958@brandenburg.com> <20030506161903.GA1469@danisch.de> <19744716058.20030506103859@brandenburg.com> <20030506174446.GA2528@danisch.de> <44638027.20030506112811@brandenburg.com>
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 20:46:56 +0200

On Tue, May 06, 2003 at 11:28:11AM -0700, Dave Crocker wrote:
> 
> Ident asks the owner (root) of the associated IP address for some
> identification information and assumes that the requestor then knows
> something that is both accurate and important.  The assumption is
> incorrect, possibly on both counts.

Sorry, but that's nonsense. "accurate" and "important" are terms of
your phantasy, but not of network security and not of RMX.



> RMX asks the owner of the domain about a purported relationship to some
> other domain, and assumes that is is both accurate and important.


A relationship to some other domains? 

That's bullshit. You're confusing everything. Are you stoned?




> Does use of RMX mean that the sending MTA has authorized the From field
> domain name?  Perhaps.

The sending MTA has authorized the From field? 

Do you have any clue at all what you are talking about? 




> But a rogue spammer who owns an MTA is free to list whatever other
> domain names it wants in the RMX.  So nasty-spammer.com is free to have
> an RMX entry for aol.com.


That's pure nonsense. Do you intentionally refuse to understand 
even the simplest things? 

aol.com will not list that MTA in the aol.com RMX entry. The spammer
does not have any chance to list. MTAs do not "list".

You're talking crap. It's the domain owner who authorizes the MTA (or not).




Several people asked you several times to read the draft. You refuse
to inform yourself what RMX is, but you insist on flooding that
mailing list with nonsense and objections without substance.  What is 
your intention?


Hadmut
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 11:46:22 -0700 (PDT)

VS> Yes, I did not realize that RMX was based on the notion that I've
VS> previously characterized as stuffing the Internet back into the old
VS> big BBS model favored by AOL.  Forcing users to pick an ISP and stick
VS> to it is characteristic of a BBS or bulletin board system.  It has
VS> many attractions for some ISPs but not for others.  Many users were
VS> happy with BBS's, but some weren't and would not be.

Vernon,

Every email now should have a From: header, with a sender at a real,
existing domain.  RMX doesn't change that.  If you have a mail server
separate from your ISP, you probably use POP or IMAP to retrieve your
messages from it; your ISP merely provides the connection.  You could also
configure the machine to act as an SMTP server, in which case your outbound
mail would also pass through it.  Again, your ISP merely provides the
connection.  The RMX record for that server would be its IP address, /32.

If you have multiple accounts at many different domains, your ISP would
carry the messages to and from each one, instead of merely from each one and
to wherever you happen to be sending mail.

The effect of RMX is to give domain owners a way to prevent third parties
from making email appear to come from them.  It has no bearing on who owns
or operate domains.  Nor does it, so far as I can tell, "forc[e] users to
pick an ISP and stick to it."  Any ISP capable of getting the packets to and
from your mail servers will do.

VS> Have you considered Paul Vixie's version of RMX?  Given the premise
VS> of requiring users to have a "home sending MTA," why isn't Paul's the
VS> obvious and only reasonable instantiation of the idea?  What do new
VS> RRs buy that do not come from MX records, except a lot of problems?

If I understand his proposal correctly (and with all due respect to Paul),
the main problem is that a lot of domains don't obey this convention yet,
and you have no way to know which ones do and which ones don't.  So you
can't make very strong decisions based on it.  That's why you accept email
from cyndi@hotmail.com, even if it obviously arrives from a third-party IP
address.

RMX records give us an upgrade path--a domain declares that it now conforms
to this convention by setting up an RMX records.

Mike

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> From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>

> I stand corrected.  I do not see that as a best practice (esp. related to 
> secure configuration of an IP).

I don't understand the second sentence.  How is a system's security
affected by having more than one PTR RRs for an IP address? 

I would agree that because many applications and support tools don't
understand multiple PTR RRs per IP address, it would be unwise to
build a large scale protocol or application that depends on them being
widely supported immediately.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: why eliminating spoofing is interesting; RE: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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From: "Bob Atkinson" <bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com>
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An interesting observation is once you've eliminated the domain
spoofing, what you've then got in hand is a domain name that you can
reasonably believe has some amount of responsibility for the
transmission of the message. 

Domain name in hand, you can then ask yourself "What do I know about the
mail transmission policies of this domain? Do I know if they're
reasonable people?" There are any of a number of ways you might answer
this (that's a separate discussion) but if you don't have the
non-spoofed domain name in the first place, you can't get started.

	Bob

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Eric
D. Williams
Sent: Tuesday, May 06, 2003 11:32 AM
To: 'Dave Crocker'; Hadmut Danisch
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article

On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 1:39 PM, Dave Crocker [SMTP:dhc@dcrocker.net]
wrote:
8<...>8
> The reason that I refer to RMX as a point solution, rather than
> something with a real potential for getting at the core of spam, is
> because it "only" attempts to deal with From-field spoofing.
>
> Spoofing is bad, but it is not at all the core problem with spam.

But spoofing is one of the plethora of problems that are found with
'spam'.

[...]


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DC> But a rogue spammer who owns an MTA is free to list whatever other
DC> domain names it wants in the RMX.  So nasty-spammer.com is free to have
DC> an RMX entry for aol.com.

Dave,

If the rogue spammer does that, then aol.com can send spoofed email
claiming to be from nasty-spammer.com, but the reverse isn't true;  
nasty-spammer.com still cannot send mail claiming to come from aol.

This is a feature, not a bug.

Mike

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JCL>   BoxA is compromised.
JCL> 
JCL>   The zombie code sucks in a spamming engine (SE).
JCL> 
JCL>   The SE determines the mail configuration of BoxA in terms of
JCL>   appropriate SMTP envelope etc from the registry.
JCL> 
JCL>   BoxA spams away using the stolen credentials from its registry.

J.C.,

Thank you--you've raised a reasonable, cogent objection.

As you note, RMX would not help against this kind of attack, and frankly
neither would any other proposal I'm aware of.  If I can trick your machine
into thinking I'm you, then I can do bad things in your name and thus make
you look bad.

But right now, with SMTP the way it is, I don't even have to break into your
machine to accomplish that.  I can make you look bad with impunity just by
writing your name on the "From:" addresses of emails I send, and there's
nothing you can do about it, even if you are a good, careful sysadmin.

I submit that RMX gives a significant improvement, and it's just simple/easy
enough that people might start using it!

Mike

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1. It requires changes to DNS

The idea behind RMX can be implemented without changes to DNS, however.  For
example, via MX records, as already mentioned, or via some specially coded A
record (see http://www.bondedsender.org/#dns-info).


2. Too many control points.  There are just too many domain names and too
many domain name servers for the presence of an RMX record to mean much.
Yes, it reduces the forged header problem, but it's just too easy to set up
your own domain name server that it will mean little in the way of
controlling spam.

Presumably this is what Dave Crocker meant when he said:

> However, the belief that it would have been useful under those
> circumstances is based on the view that the administrator of the
> timesharing system was independent of the person running the
> applications AND that administrator could be expected to be trustworthy.
>
> And therein lies the same, serious problem with RMX.

3. What do you do when there is no RMX record?

My proposal, for _any_ authentication scheme, is to bridge the gap with a
"mandatory" challenge-response system.  If you disagree with that, what is
your proposal for how mail from non-RMX systems should be handled.





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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 15:57:54 -0400
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Header forging is one method spammers use to hide their identity, but
they don't care a lot whose header they use. Sure, to some extent
these psychopaths tend to be drawn towards sticking xyz@bighost.com
because why not?

But if that were made even slightly difficult they'd just use
xyz@anyhost.com.

They don't care, or not a lot. Sticking bighost.com in their header is
not very important to what they're trying to do, it's just another
annoying way they try to get you to look at their email.

I'm also wondering why this is better than signing envelope info with
something like PGP? Wouldn't the latter remove the need for the
real-time backtalk?

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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KH> The idea behind RMX can be implemented without changes to DNS, however.
KH> For example, via MX records, as already mentioned, or via some specially
KH> coded A record (see http://www.bondedsender.org/#dns-info).

Ken,

If I'm understanding the article at this link correctly, the way bonded
sender works is to certify certain IP addresses as non-spammer, and
then to provide a mechanism to report violations--in which case, the
"bonded" status of the sender's IP address is revoked.

This is not the idea behind RMX at all!  In particular, the presence of
RMX records does not imply that a domain is not spamming--only that the
messages you have received "from" it are not forged.  Also, RMX does not
require a trusted third party, and has finer granularity (by domain
name, not by IP address).  Please see Hadmut's draft or my page (link at
bottom) for more details.

RMX is designed to be an anti-forgery device, not an anti-spam device.
However, removing the ability to make email appear to come from a
trusted (or otherwise unlikely-to-be-blacklisted) source would remove
one of the spammers' more potent obfuscation weapons, and therefore make
spam easier to detect and filter.

If you'd like to discuss the bonded-sender concept further, or if I've
messed it up, please let me know.

> 2. Too many control points.  There are just too many domain names and too
> many domain name servers for the presence of an RMX record to mean much.
> Yes, it reduces the forged header problem, but it's just too easy to set up
> your own domain name server that it will mean little in the way of
> controlling spam.

This is not really a limitation.  Does it make more sense in the context
I've just described?

> 3. What do you do when there is no RMX record?
> 
> My proposal, for _any_ authentication scheme, is to bridge the gap with a
> "mandatory" challenge-response system.  If you disagree with that, what is
> your proposal for how mail from non-RMX systems should be handled.

Actually, my article explains RMX as a three-way handshake--that is, a
challenge-response.  See:

http://www.mikerubel.org/computers/rmx_records/#dns

or read the whole article at:

http://www.mikerubel.org/computers/rmx_records/

Mike

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Hadmut,


Thanks for keeping the exchange on a professional and impersonal level.

As to the core question you ask, yes, I do have some experience with
email technology and operations.

As to the issue of reading the draft, it is interesting that folks keep
assuming that I haven't, rather than attending to the points that I have
been raising.

As to my intention, it's very simple:  I'd like the group to put forward
proposals that are likely to be productive, rather than transient and
wasteful.

I do apologize for this concern over pragmatics and I especially
apologize for employing some years of experience in these matters.  We
are all stuck with our own baggage...

d/


HD> Sorry, but that's nonsense. "accurate" and "important" are terms of
HD> your phantasy, but not of network security and not of RMX.
...
HD> That's bullshit. You're confusing everything. Are you stoned?
...
HD> Do you have any clue at all what you are talking about? 
...
HD> That's pure nonsense. Do you intentionally refuse to understand 
HD> even the simplest things? 
...
HD> You're talking crap. It's the domain owner who authorizes the MTA (or not).


d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Problems with RMX 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 06 May 2003 15:16:17 EDT."
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"Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com> wrote:
> The idea behind RMX can be implemented without changes to DNS, however.  For
> example, via MX records, as already mentioned,

  Which overloads the meaning of MX records.

  There is currently no requirement that originating MTA's for a
domain are the same as recipient MTA's for that domain.  Many systems
have them on different machines.

  RMX permits such behaviour to continue.  Overloading MX records
forbids that behaviour.

> 2. Too many control points.  There are just too many domain names and too
> many domain name servers for the presence of an RMX record to mean much.
> Yes, it reduces the forged header problem, but it's just too easy to set up
> your own domain name server that it will mean little in the way of
> controlling spam.

  It's one more hoop that spammers have to jump through before they
can send spam.  It's one more way of tracing spammers, once they have
sent spam.

> 3. What do you do when there is no RMX record?

  This question has already been answered multiple times.

> My proposal, for _any_ authentication scheme, is to bridge the gap with a
> "mandatory" challenge-response system.  If you disagree with that, what is
> your proposal for how mail from non-RMX systems should be handled.

  The answer is "no worse, and no better, than it is today."

  Alan DeKok.

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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 13:19:11 -0700 (PDT)

On Tue, 6 May 2003, Barry Shein wrote:
> Header forging is one method spammers use to hide their identity, but
> they don't care a lot whose header they use. Sure, to some extent
> these psychopaths tend to be drawn towards sticking xyz@bighost.com
> because why not?
> 
> But if that were made even slightly difficult they'd just use
> xyz@anyhost.com.

Barry,

Ask yourself:  Why are spammers drawn to bighost.com addresses?

It's because these sources carry an implicit trust, which becomes explicit
when spamassassin starts evaluating whether the message is spam or ham.

If we can prevent spammers from using respected names, then we've pushed
them toward unknown names (or more precisely, names from which the recipient
does not normally receive ham) which carry a lower default credibility; a
message will have to look substantially more spam-like to be rejected if it
comes legitimately (according to RMX records) from bighost.com.

On the other hand, the spam threshold will be a lot higher for forged
messages that claim to come from bighost.com but in fact do not.

> I'm also wondering why this is better than signing envelope info with
> something like PGP? Wouldn't the latter remove the need for the
> real-time backtalk?

I love PGP; the reason it hasn't seen widespread deployment is that it's a
heavyweight solution.  I believe that RMX is just lightweight enough to 
actually happen.

Mike

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> From: Ken Hirsch

> 1. It requires changes to DNS
> 
> The idea behind RMX can be implemented without changes to DNS,
however.
> For example, via MX records, as already mentioned, or via some
specially coded
> A record (see http://www.bondedsender.org/#dns-info).

I agree that using new DNS record types, which requires changes to DNS
clients and servers in order to be useful, would be a significant
barrier to adoption. 

My own preference is to store the new information in TXT record(s) in a
distinguished subdomain. For example, one might use the TXT records in
the '_rmx' subdomain of the domain in question: rather than querying for
the records of type RMX in domain domain.com, one queries for the
records of type TXT in the domain _rmx.domain.com.

A text encoding issue for the information remains, though XML is an
obvious candidate.

A final point is that we should remember that it's probable that as we
flush out an overall spam deterrence story we'll find that we want more
than just the specific RMX info that Hadmut has proposed to be published
in DNS. Anticipating that now is worth at least a few brain cycles.

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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 16:24:22 -0400

At 02:32 PM 5/6/2003 -0400, you wrote:
>On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 1:39 PM, Dave Crocker [SMTP:dhc@dcrocker.net] wrote:
>8<...>8
>
> > Eliminate all spoofing and you are left with massive amounts of spam.
>
>I agree, but that also represents a reduction in spoofed 'spam' (perhaps 
>given
>your adaptability metric offset by other methods).  It is a proposal for an
>incremental but deployment could be coordinated with other proposals that 
>make
>up an overall architecture.

Spam is a multifaceted problem. RMX, rDNs, etc. is only addressing one part 
of the problem, namely the domain name spoofing. However, we have not 
clearly defined the overall architecture and how the various "spoofing" 
solutions will it into it. Neither, have we seen too many other proposals 
in the last few days that concentrate on other parts of the problem. 
Perhaps, we should first clearly define what the overall architecture looks 
like and then discuss each issue piece by piece as our working group is 
tasked with:

"The ASRG will begin its work by developing a taxonomy of the problem and 
the proposed solutions. This taxonomy should involve casting the spam 
problem into different perspectives, such as examining the similarities 
between spam and denial-of-service; spam and intrusion 
detection/prevention; and spam and authentication, authorization, and 
accounting. "


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RMX and other reverse MX proposals ALMOST meet the "useful to many,
painful to nobody" criteria for success.

Its pairwise agreement between sending MTAs and domain owners is CLOSE
to being mutual and not disruptive to anyone else;

EXCEPT that it interferes with the everyday common use of relaying via
aliases (with no rewriting of SMTP envelope-from), which means that:
	IF my domain starts publishing an RMX record,
	THEN mail from my users can no longer reliably be forwarded
	without an envelope sender re-write,
	SO ALL of my users suddenly can't reach anyone who uses (e.g.)
	a .forward file pointing to any RMX-aware MTA, and they have to
	send out notes to the effect that "sorry, but I can't reach you
	any more unless you adopt something new" but, well, those notes
	can't reach their intended recipients either.

While it may be a "good idea" to abolish aliases and .forward files,
actually doing it is a traumatic transition, and it is one that is
NOT under the control of the RMX publisher or the RMX-obeying MTA, but
depends on the cooperation of the vast unwashed body of RMX-non-adopters.

Isn't this a serious impediment at least short-term?
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> My own preference is to store the new information in TXT record(s) in a
> distinguished subdomain. For example, one might use the TXT records in
> the '_rmx' subdomain of the domain in question: rather than querying for
> the records of type RMX in domain domain.com, one queries for the
> records of type TXT in the domain _rmx.domain.com.

Have you seen Fecyk's proposal?  It's at:

http://ietfreport.isoc.org/ids/draft-fecyk-dsprotocol-02.txt

It's very much along those lines.  There is a link to it at the bottom of 
my RMX records page.

Mike

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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Vernon Schryver'" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>,
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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It introduces the possibility for "additional" mis-configuration, as does RMX. 
 The point is that an IP address, I think, SHOULD have only one canonical name.

-e

On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 2:43 PM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
> > From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
>
> > I stand corrected.  I do not see that as a best practice (esp. related to
> > secure configuration of an IP).
>
> I don't understand the second sentence.  How is a system's security
> affected by having more than one PTR RRs for an IP address?
>
> I would agree that because many applications and support tools don't
> understand multiple PTR RRs per IP address, it would be unwise to
> build a large scale protocol or application that depends on them being
> widely supported immediately.
>
>
> Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 06 May 2003 13:19:11 PDT."
             <Pine.LNX.4.44.0305061308190.26093-100000@entropy.galcit.caltech.edu> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 16:35:44 -0400

Mike,

Nope. The problem is not brand protection for established brands. If it were,
the established brands would be paying us to read each other's mail and think
about their interests.

Eric
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Subject: [Asrg] RMX example
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 22:48:25 +0200

On Tue, May 06, 2003 at 03:56:40PM -0400, Daniel Feenberg wrote:
>
> It would probably be usefull if you posted a few sentences to go
> over exactly what the validation steps are for a site using RMX
> to control incoming mail. 


OK.

Let's go through an example (not yet implemented)



1. Authorized mail
  Imagine I am sending you an email.

  My MTA opens an SMTP connection to your
  MTA (where the MX of your domain points to). Your MTA
  sees an SMTP connection from 213.133.101.23. Nothing
  hapens so far. HELO or EHLO doesn't matter.

  Now my MTA issues the SMTP command

    MAIL FROM: <hadmut@danisch.de>

  and waits for the reply code of your MTA.
  This is where your MTA performs the RMX lookup:

  The sender address hadmut@danisch.de has the
  domain part danisch.de. So the RMX record for danisch.de 
  is queried. 


  danisch.de IN RMX  ( relays.rackland.de  relays.somecompany.com )


  because I might use the relay machines of Rackland and SomeCompany
  to deliver mail. But I do not want to update my zone table every
  time Rackland and Somecompany change their IP addresses. So
  it is the task of Rackland's and SomeCompany's administrations
  to keep the APL records below up to date.


  In a second step, the APL records are fetched:


  relays.rackland.de    IN APL ( 213.133.101.23/32 )
  relays.somecompany.de IN APL ( ...some addresses )

  After the first APL record the check is finished because it
  positively covers the IP address where the SMTP connection came
  from.

  -> your MTA learned that my MTA with that particular IP address
     was authorized to use danisch.de as a sender domain.




2. Unauthorized mail / Spam

   Now a second SMTP connection is opened to your MTA, 
   this time from 62.226.51.34. Again, nothing happens so 
   far. 

   Now the sending MTA issues the SMTP command
 
      MAIL FROM: <foobar@danisch.de>

   (which is unauthorized)

   Now your MTA fetches the RMX and APL records as described above.
   But these APL records do not cover the IP address 62.226.51.34

   -> Now your MTA learned that the message came from an IP 
      address that was not authorized to send

   -> It's up to you and your local rule set what to do with it,
     whether to reject, drop, tag, run through a content filter or 
     whatever.




Should be enough to understand the basic principle.
(For easier reading I simplified the APL syntax a little bit)

Hadmut



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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 06 May 2003 13:11:39 PDT."
             <866845673.20030506131139@brandenburg.com> 
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Subject: [Asrg] Willfull and intentional misunderstandings
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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 17:09:12 -0400

Dave Crocker <dcrocker@brandenburg.com> wrote:
> As to the issue of reading the draft, it is interesting that folks keep
> assuming that I haven't, rather than attending to the points that I have
> been raising.

  Maybe I'm the one on crack, but I've seen responses which, to me,
address the points you raise.  These responses get ignored.

  I'm assuming that you either haven't read the draft, or that you are
willfully and intentionally misunderstanding and misrepresenting it.
This opinion is based on your messages to this list. To quote:

https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg04287.html

>> RMX asks the owner of the domain about a purported relationship to
>> some other domain,

  That is absolute, total nonsense.

  Through DNS, RMX asks the owner of a domain if he has consented to
allowing a particular MTA to send messages with envelope "from"
claiming to be from that domain.

  No third-party domain is involved.

>> But a rogue spammer who owns an MTA is free to list whatever other
>> domain names it wants in the RMX.  So nasty-spammer.com is free to
>> have an RMX entry for aol.com.

  This is a gross (and I can only assume intentional) misunderstanding
of the proposal.

  When an MTA receives a connection from a spammer, claiming to be
from 'aol.com', RMX queries the domain 'aol.com' about it's consent
relationship with the originating MTA.  RMX doesn't query the spammers
domain.

  What part of the document led you to believe that the domain of the
originating MTA would ever involved in RMX, unless the envelope 'from'
matched that domain?

>> And, by the way, we have not achieved much, even if we make all the
>> From fields be accurate.  We still get spam.

  No one has ever disagreed with this.  Many people have explicitely
agreed.  Can you please stop repeating it, like it's some kind of
news?

> As to my intention, it's very simple:  I'd like the group to put forward
> proposals that are likely to be productive, rather than transient and
> wasteful.

  No one has ever disagreed with that, either.  Can you please stop
wasting everyones time by repeating the same tired objections?

> I do apologize for this concern over pragmatics and I especially
> apologize for employing some years of experience in these matters.  We
> are all stuck with our own baggage...

  Ah, appeal to authority.  The best kind of defence.

  "As a published nuclear physicist, I find RMX easy to understand,
lightweight, and less filling than other proposals.  I believe that
every electron could benefit from RMX."

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>
To: "Michael Rubel" <asrg@mikerubel.org>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0305061241110.26093-100000@entropy.galcit.caltech.edu>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Problems with RMX
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From: "Michael Rubel" <asrg@mikerubel.org>
> KH> The idea behind RMX can be implemented without changes to DNS,
however.
> KH> For example, via MX records, as already mentioned, or via some
specially
> KH> coded A record (see http://www.bondedsender.org/#dns-info).
>
> Ken,
>
> If I'm understanding the article at this link correctly, the way bonded
> sender works is to certify certain IP addresses as non-spammer, and
> then to provide a mechanism to report violations--in which case, the
> "bonded" status of the sender's IP address is revoked.
>
> This is not the idea behind RMX at all!  In particular, the presence of
> RMX records does not imply that a domain is not spamming--only that the
> messages you have received "from" it are not forged.

Yes, I understand that the meaning of the RMX record is different.  My
only point is that you can accomplish the same purpose without having to
invent a new resource record type.  All you need is a convention about
the meaning of the records.

[...]
> > 2. Too many control points.  There are just too many domain names and
too
> > many domain name servers for the presence of an RMX record to mean much.
> > Yes, it reduces the forged header problem, but it's just too easy to set
> up
> > your own domain name server that it will mean little in the way of
> > controlling spam.
>
> This is not really a limitation.  Does it make more sense in the context
> I've just described?

I understand it.  I just think that it has very little worth because of
that.


> > 3. What do you do when there is no RMX record?
> >
> > My proposal, for _any_ authentication scheme, is to bridge the gap with
a
> > "mandatory" challenge-response system.  If you disagree with that, what
is
> > your proposal for how mail from non-RMX systems should be handled.
>
> Actually, my article explains RMX as a three-way handshake--that is, a
> challenge-response.  See:

That's fine, but you still need to say what should happen when there is
no RMX record.  Since deployment could take many years, this is
important.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX and aliases 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 06 May 2003 16:40:28 EDT."
             <200305062040.h46KeSj08706@cycle1.cs.rochester.edu> 
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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 17:27:21 -0400

bukys@cs.rochester.edu wrote:
> EXCEPT that it interferes with the everyday common use of relaying via
> aliases (with no rewriting of SMTP envelope-from), which means that:
> 	IF my domain starts publishing an RMX record,
> 	THEN mail from my users can no longer reliably be forwarded
> 	without an envelope sender re-write,
> 	SO ALL of my users suddenly can't reach anyone who uses (e.g.)
> 	a .forward file pointing to any RMX-aware MTA, and they have to
> 	send out notes to the effect that "sorry, but I can't reach you
> 	any more unless you adopt something new" but, well, those notes
> 	can't reach their intended recipients either.

  <claps loudly>

  That's be the best objection to RMX I've seen yet.  Detailed,
quantitative, iterates over possible scenarios, and totally lacking in
misunderstanding of the proposal.

> While it may be a "good idea" to abolish aliases and .forward files,
> actually doing it is a traumatic transition, and it is one that is
> NOT under the control of the RMX publisher or the RMX-obeying MTA, but
> depends on the cooperation of the vast unwashed body of RMX-non-adopters.

  I agree.

> Isn't this a serious impediment at least short-term?

  It would appear, so long as envelope sender re-writing is not done.


  Now let's look at the problems with the current use of .forward
files.  You receive a message from an MTA in example.com, with the
envelope & body "from" being example-2.com.

  Q1: Is it spam?
  A1: You don't know.

  Q2: Is it non-spam?
  A2: You don't know.

  Q3: Is the user at example-2.com permitted to use the MTA in example.com?
  A3: By implication, it would appear so.

  Q4: How can you tell this situation from open relays, "owned"
     machines, etc?
  A4: You can't.


  In keeping with the charter of this group, I will now discuss
consent.  Within the context of SMTP, RMX allows the originating
domain and MTA do explicitely publish their consentual relationship.
In this case, if envelope sender re-writing is done, we can use RMX to
establish that the domain 'example.com' consented to have that
particular MTA send an email with a body "from" of 'example-2.com'.

  In this case, the answers to questions 1 and 2 stay the same.  The
answer to question 3 now becomes an explicit "yes, consent exists."
The answer to question 4 becomes "the originating MTA is not an open
relay or 'owned' machine, unless the attacker has additionally taken
over the DNS records."


  So the solution to .forward files, is to have the forwarding MTA
explicitely declare it's consent to forwarding messages for another
domain.

  In contrast, the simple act of forwarding messages tells you
nothing about consent, other than that forwarding is occuring.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: bukys@cs.rochester.edu
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX and aliases
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 23:12:49 +0200

On Tue, May 06, 2003 at 04:40:28PM -0400, bukys@cs.rochester.edu wrote:

> Isn't this a serious impediment at least short-term?


I have addressed this in my draft. You have to distinguish 
between trusted and untrusted forwarding.


Those common methods of .forward mechanisms without sender rewriting
(in untrusted environment) can't be accepted any longer.

If you permit everybody to forward everything with any given 
sender address, then there is no technical difference between 
forging and forwarding. If you insist on allowing any machines to 
forward without sender rewriting, then every spammer can pretend 
to be a forwarder for the given spam message.

Hadmut

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> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Eric D.
> Williams
> Sent: Tuesday, May 06, 2003 1:34 PM
> To: 'Vernon Schryver'; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
> 
> It introduces the possibility for "additional" mis-configuration, as
does
> RMX.
>  The point is that an IP address, I think, SHOULD have only one
canonical
> name.

I find this odd: IP addresses with which I am familiar routinely have
many names that resolve to the address: they serve many web domains, for
example, or send and receive mail on behalf of several domains. I don't
understand which of these several domains could reasonably be considered
more equal than others and thus the ONE such canonical name.

	Bob

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Subject: [Asrg] the biggest problem is ...
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 23:27:05 +0200

... that you all are too kind.

Most rather easy to move to solutions (like DNS based) get argued over with
- but my ISP doesn't manage reverse IP and I want to manage
  my own SMTP server for personal use
- what if a mailserver wannabe has no RMX records

The simple answer is: "so what?"

If I don't have a mailserver that does conform to SMTP I cannot
send/receive eMails. If I don't have A or MX records for my domain
or my mailserver I cannot (send/)receive emails.

Sorry, it may be unfair (life is unfair), but I am 100% sure that
98% of all the mail admins out there running big mailserver don't care
about people from access points like above.
These access points are currently the root of all evil. The 200000 spam
mails today that passed out mailserver did not come from tightly and well
maintained mail servers, but from broken fsckup hosts whose admins
don't even know they are abused.

There is a problem to be solved that costs some billion bucks a year,
harrasses some millions of people each day and has the nature of DoS.
There are some workable/promising solutions mentioned here. If they cut out
people at lousy ISPs that refuse to manage revDNS or people that think
they have to run their own mailserver on a dialup line just to be kewl ...
I don't care.

Define a solution, write up a RFC and set a deadline. Propagate the RFC
to make it well known and on day X cut them out.
If the techies don't get a grip on the problem /fast/ the politicians
and lawyers will and I predict that none of us will like /that/ solution.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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Alan,

>>> RMX asks the owner of the domain about a purported relationship to
>>> some other domain,

AD>   That is absolute, total nonsense.

AD>   Through DNS, RMX asks the owner of a domain if he has consented to
AD> allowing a particular MTA to send messages with envelope "from"
AD> claiming to be from that domain.

yup. the owner of the the From field domain has consented to permit the
owner of the domain under which the mta runs to send email through the
mta.

that's what I said.

so what is it that you thought was nonsense?


AD>   When an MTA receives a connection from a spammer, claiming to be
AD> from 'aol.com', RMX queries the domain 'aol.com' about it's consent
AD> relationship with the originating MTA.  RMX doesn't query the spammers
AD> domain.

What has not yet been explained is why anyone thinks it is critical to
prevent claims that email is coming from aol.com?

how will preventing spoofing reduce spam?  (I am making a very large
stretch, here, and am assuming that folks actually have the goal of
reducing spam.)

it would help, for example, to see some sort of analysis that shows that
spoofed spam is somehow more dangerous than non-spoofed spam.


>>> And, by the way, we have not achieved much, even if we make all the
>>> From fields be accurate.  We still get spam.

AD>   No one has ever disagreed with this.

Forgive me for assuming that all of this energy in favor of RMX was
based on the believe that it might actually lead to a reduction in spam.


>> I do apologize for this concern over pragmatics and I especially
>> apologize for employing some years of experience in these matters.  We
>> are all stuck with our own baggage...

AD>   Ah, appeal to authority.  The best kind of defence.

Perhaps you missed the request for some information:

HD> Do you have any clue at all what you are talking about?

I apologize for responding directly to one of the numerous ad hominems
that was directed at me.

It's a shame that the ad hominems do not bother you at least as much as
the response to them.

In any event, if you have rules about which ad hominems are acceptable
to respond to and which ones are not, please document them.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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> While it may be a "good idea" to abolish aliases and .forward files,
> actually doing it is a traumatic transition, and it is one that is
> NOT under the control of the RMX publisher or the RMX-obeying MTA, but
> depends on the cooperation of the vast unwashed body of RMX-non-adopters.

Good point--I have added a note about this here:

	http://www.mikerubel.org/computers/rmx_records/#notes_forwarding/

under "What are the implications for .forward?"

Mike

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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 15:18:09 -0700 (PDT)

On Tue, 6 May 2003, Dave Crocker wrote:
> What has not yet been explained is why anyone thinks it is critical to
> prevent claims that email is coming from aol.com?
> 
> how will preventing spoofing reduce spam?  (I am making a very large
> stretch, here, and am assuming that folks actually have the goal of
> reducing spam.)
> 
> it would help, for example, to see some sort of analysis that shows that
> spoofed spam is somehow more dangerous than non-spoofed spam.

Assertion:
	Being able to make spam appear to come from aol.com has
	a positive value to spammers.

Proof:
	They do it; if it had zero or negative value, they would not.

Possible reasons:

1.	It makes the spam more difficult to block, since a lot of people 
	receive legitimate mail from AOL.  This is another way of saying
	that being able to forge AOL helps trick people into opening spam.

2.	It dumps the backlash on AOL, instead of the spammers' domains.

Therefore, removing spammers' ability to spoof AOL deprives them of
something they value.

How large is the value?  I don't know; ask the statistical filters, which
are more likely to reject email from some unknown domain than they are to
reject mail legitimately from aol.com.  But I can tell you that the value 
is larger than zero.

Mike

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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 18:22:34 -0400

Thus spake Dave Crocker (dhc@dcrocker.net) [06/05/03 18:01]:
> how will preventing spoofing reduce spam?  (I am making a very large
> stretch, here, and am assuming that folks actually have the goal of
> reducing spam.)

Have you been reading posts?  Or did you read the initial draft?  I quote
(as has at least one other person):

    8.1.5.  Unforged Spam

       This proposal does not prevent Spam (which is, by the way, not yet
       exactly defined), it prevents forgery. 

And continues from there.
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Damian,

Have you been reading the posts?

The big question about removing spoofing is:  so what?

And hearing that we have removed "something valuable" from the spammers
is no comfort to recipients who continue to get inundated with spam.

Proposals to control spam need to worry about reducing it, not making it
more pristine.

d/


DG> Thus spake Dave Crocker (dhc@dcrocker.net) [06/05/03 18:01]:
>> how will preventing spoofing reduce spam?  (I am making a very large
>> stretch, here, and am assuming that folks actually have the goal of
>> reducing spam.)

DG> Have you been reading posts?  Or did you read the initial draft?  I quote
DG> (as has at least one other person):


--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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On May 6, 2003 at 14:39 aland@freeradius.org (Alan DeKok) wrote:
 > Dave Crocker <dcrocker@brandenburg.com> wrote:
 > > Spoofing is bad, but it is not at all the core problem with spam.
 > 
 >   So there's no point in solving one part of the spam problem, because
 > the problem is larger than that.  Yeah, that makes sense...

No, the problem is that this spoofing is a minor problem and any
solution is easily evaded by spammers.

The real problem is you really don't know much about spam or its
tactics so you easily conflate direction with magnitude.

If a solution seems to go in the direction you want then it must be
worthwhile. That's not true inasmuch as many "solutions" aren't worth
the effort.

But it's hard to convince someone who, due to lack of concrete
experience, has latched onto direction as equivalent to magnitude that
they're wrong because they'll keep coming back to their certainty that
it goes in the right direction, the proverbial spit in the ocean, yes
indeed in theory eventually the ocean will overflow...

The past 10 years (almost) of spam-fighting is littered with people
who knew a little SMTP, a little DNS, etc, and had gotten some spam so
proclaimed themselves experts and saviors.

For example, RBLs were by and large a waste of time if you use the
volume of spam over their lifetime as any measure. The RBLs
proliferated, and spam hockey-sticked in their faces. But because it
just *had* to be having an effect in the right direction its
proponents clung to their defense. Surely this RBL has blocked one
piece of spam! And two! So by induction...

Really bright people have done just as you (and others here) are
doing, sat in their darkened estaminets and, with minimal practical
information, do Einstenian gedanken experiments and declare
themselves, well, Einsteins (of spam fighting.)

The roads are littered with them and their mostly useless "solutions".

I think, in some sort of epistemological way, that's where we're going
here at this point; trying to distinguish magnitude from direction and
assign values to each and both taken together.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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On May 6, 2003 at 12:02 bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com (Bob Atkinson) wrote:
 > An interesting observation is once you've eliminated the domain
 > spoofing, what you've then got in hand is a domain name that you can
 > reasonably believe has some amount of responsibility for the
 > transmission of the message. 

Not much more than you did by (intelligently) looking at the Received
lines.

One of the major sources of spam right now seems to be zombie robot
hosts, hosts who have had a virus injected into them which turns them
into unwitting spam slaves*.

So the spam is being delivered by 123-456-789-123-dsl-pool.telco.com
and guess what it seems to be from xxxdvd@123-456-789-123-dsl-pool.telco.com
who assures you that anything from (don't make me type it again)
is indeed from (I'm just not going to type it again.)

Now what do you know?

* Could someone please teleport that sentence back to the TCP-IP list
of 1985 and get the reaction?
-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 18:37:55 -0400

Thus spake Dave Crocker (dhc@dcrocker.net) [06/05/03 18:29]:
> Have you been reading the posts?

Did you read my initial post?  Yes.  I have been trying to keep up, I just
haven't had the time to contribute as of yet.

> The big question about removing spoofing is:  so what?

Ask that to the spammers.  And while you're at it, ask them why they spoof
in the first place.

> And hearing that we have removed "something valuable" from the spammers
> is no comfort to recipients who continue to get inundated with spam.
> 
> Proposals to control spam need to worry about reducing it, not making it
> more pristine.

Making it more pristine (though I disagree with the terminology) makes it
easier to track.

At the very least, it gives you a concrete domain whom you can report abuse
reports to, or to their upstreams, or, with this domain, you can blacklist.

RMX does not directly block spam.  It blocks one of the avenues used by
spammers.  The more avenues we whittle down, the harder it becomes to spam.
The harder it is to spam, the less likely a spammer will continue
(especially if they're less technically inclined).

Look, I've been following your posts.  You complain that it doesn't reduce
spam, yet you don't reply to the posts that address your concerns, or ask
you pointed questions.  Until I see a semi-concrete line of reasoning from
your address as to why RMX will contribute nothing to the battle against
spam, I just can't take you seriously.  If you wish to continue debating, do
everyone here a favour, and lay our your reasoning, from square one, so
that we can understand your objections.  As of right now, I do not.  And I'm
sure I'm not the only one.
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On May 6, 2003 at 13:19 asrg@mikerubel.org (Michael Rubel) wrote:
 > > But if that were made even slightly difficult they'd just use
 > > xyz@anyhost.com.
 > 
 > Barry,
 > 
 > Ask yourself:  Why are spammers drawn to bighost.com addresses?

I'll tell ya what, you ask yourself:

     When was the last time you said "stranger@aol.com"? Why
     it must be important, IT'S FROM AOL.COM!

Or is this another one of those theories based on the third-person
invisible? There exists a person so dumb that...(20 years ago we'd say
"my secretary" but now we tend to say "my grandmother" in a
questionable evolution of PC-ness.)

 > It's because these sources carry an implicit trust, which becomes explicit
 > when spamassassin starts evaluating whether the message is spam or ham.

No, they don't carry any trust.

The only thing that might carry some trust is someone@xyz.com where
you believe you recognize someone, particularly in the context of
@xyz.com, like yourbrokersname@hisbrokeragehouse.com.

Now, I'll admit that in a tiny way spammers are actually cracking this
also. They search for documents (web sites etc) with more than one
address and permute one as being from the other.

So, for example, if kee@somewhere.com had once authored a paper with
bzs@theworld.com and it's on the web somewhere we can each expect to
get spam claiming to be from the other.

But when it's Kee trying to get me to refinance my house I know it's
not really Kee because he only sells penis enlargers.

 > If we can prevent spammers from using respected names, then we've pushed
 > them toward unknown names (or more precisely, names from which the recipient
 > does not normally receive ham) which carry a lower default credibility; a
 > message will have to look substantially more spam-like to be rejected if it
 > comes legitimately (according to RMX records) from bighost.com.

If that's your goal then just add the mailbox and call it whitelisting.

Anyhow, no, I disagree, it's a tiny, tiny improvement in the spam arena.

It *might* be some improvement in general identification to prevent
certain types of malicious fraud.

For example, something which has been known to happen is email
purporting to be from support@yourisp.com telling you to click the
enclosed link to change your password for some reason, often "you must
change your password in the next 3 days or your account will be
disabled!" And of course what's there is a dummied-up form looking
like it's your ISP's but it's not, and asks for your old password,
etc.

BUT THAT'S NOT SPAM (oops, sorry for shouting.)

 > On the other hand, the spam threshold will be a lot higher for forged
 > messages that claim to come from bighost.com but in fact do not.
 > 
 > > I'm also wondering why this is better than signing envelope info with
 > > something like PGP? Wouldn't the latter remove the need for the
 > > real-time backtalk?
 > 
 > I love PGP; the reason it hasn't seen widespread deployment is that it's a
 > heavyweight solution.  I believe that RMX is just lightweight enough to 
 > actually happen.
 > 
 > Mike

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 16:13:29 -0700 (PDT)


On Tue, 6 May 2003, Barry Shein wrote:
MR> Ask yourself:  Why are spammers drawn to bighost.com addresses?

BS>      When was the last time you said "stranger@aol.com"? Why
BS>      it must be important, IT'S FROM AOL.COM!

Perhaps... but then why do spammers do it?

BS> The only thing that might carry some trust is someone@xyz.com where
BS> you believe you recognize someone, particularly in the context of
BS> @xyz.com, like yourbrokersname@hisbrokeragehouse.com.

RMX addresses that problem too; spammers will not be able to claim to 
write on behalf of yourbrokersname@hisbrokeragehouse.com.  That's a good 
thing!

MR> If we can prevent spammers from using respected names, then we've 
MR> pushed them toward unknown names (or more precisely, names from which 
MR> the recipient does not normally receive ham) which carry a lower 
MR> default credibility; a message will have to look substantially more 
MR> spam-like to be rejected if it comes legitimately (according to RMX 
MR> records) from bighost.com.

BS> If that's your goal then just add the mailbox and call it 
BS> whitelisting.

Whitelisting only works if you're reasonably sure the sender is who he 
claims to be.  Ergo, RMX.

BS> Anyhow, no, I disagree, it's a tiny, tiny improvement in the spam 
BS> arena.

Fair enough; this is a matter of opinion, and only time will tell.  But
the forgery reduction aspect makes RMX useful enough to stand on its own,
and RMX can only help with spam.

BS> It *might* be some improvement in general identification to prevent
BS> certain types of malicious fraud.

8<...>8

BS> BUT THAT'S NOT SPAM (oops, sorry for shouting.)

Barry, please--my response wasn't (intended to be) a flame, or otherwise 
rude.

Spam is a problem for senders, whose reputations get damaged by spam in
their names, and for recipients.  RMX helps a great deal on the sender
side, and a little bit on the receiver side--though since none of us knows
exactly how much, there seems to be a lot of very loud debate on the
subject.  And RMX definitely helps with fraud.

From your earlier responses, I had gathered that you were largely in favor
of RMX, albeit only for the last reason.  Has that changed?

Mike

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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 17:14:14 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Michael Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>

> ...
> VS> Yes, I did not realize that RMX was based on the notion that I've
> VS> previously characterized as stuffing the Internet back into the old
> VS> big BBS model favored by AOL. ...

> ...
> The effect of RMX is to give domain owners a way to prevent third parties
> from making email appear to come from them. 

That is the intended effect of RMX, but it is not the only effect.

>                                              It has no bearing on who owns
> or operate domains.  Nor does it, so far as I can tell, "forc[e] users to
> pick an ISP and stick to it."  Any ISP capable of getting the packets to and
> from your mail servers will do.

That is mistaken, unless you assume big-BBS model in which individual
computers are dumb terminals connected to a single big BBS style ISP.
Whether you other raw connectivity ISPs or a dialup modem through the
telephone system to reach the big BBS ISP is irrelevant to the big
BBS style of Internet you posit.

The common mode that you would outlaw is where people send from one
IP address with an unrelated envelope Mail_From value.  For example,
many people configure their computers at work to send with a envelope
and header value of a mailbox at a free provider.  They do this to
avoid entanglements between their words and their employer.  Because
are not named Bill Gates, they can't get Hotmail's RMX data to authorize
their sending IP address, if they know it, which may be literally
impossible because of NAT.

Another common case involves people traveling.  If you plug your laptop
into the network of a hotel or one of your consulting clients, you
might prefer to use an envelope and From header address at your home
systems instead of room1234@losangeles.merriot.com or guest@example.com.


> VS> Have you considered Paul Vixie's version of RMX?  Given the premise
> VS> of requiring users to have a "home sending MTA," why isn't Paul's the
> VS> obvious and only reasonable instantiation of the idea?  What do new
> VS> RRs buy that do not come from MX records, except a lot of problems?
>
> If I understand his proposal correctly (and with all due respect to Paul),
> the main problem is that a lot of domains don't obey this convention yet,
> and you have no way to know which ones do and which ones don't.  So you
> can't make very strong decisions based on it.  That's why you accept email
> from cyndi@hotmail.com, even if it obviously arrives from a third-party IP
> address.
>
> RMX records give us an upgrade path--a domain declares that it now conforms
> to this convention by setting up an RMX records.

There are several problems with that reasoning.  
  - it assumes that Hotmail will ever have RMX records.  Because having
      RMX records would drive away a significant number of Hotmail's
      users, you'll always have decide to accept mail from cyndi@hotmail.com
      
  - it assumes that you can't already decide to accept mail with Hotmail
      sender addresses only if it comes from a Hotmail SMTP client.  In
      fact it is common to check that the source of Hotmail mail is
      Hotmail.

  - for a long time, very few systems will have RMX records, so
      upgrade paths are irrelevant.

  - if you want to mark systems that follow Paul's convention so that
      you know which don't, you could pick a large MX preference that
      its extremely unlikely to be used for anything today.  For
      example, I bet that among the millions of MX RRs today, none
      has the preference 65391.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] email pull (was RE: Authentication )
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 17:15:23 -0700

On Thu, Mar 27, 2003 at 05:57:24PM +0100, Markus Stumpf wrote:
> On Thu, Mar 27, 2003 at 04:16:33PM +0000, Matt Sergeant wrote:
> > If you could 
> > get legit bulk mailers (newsletters) to switch to pull,
> 
> They won't.
> There already is a "pull" method, it's called HTTP and it doesn't work.
> Think about a weekly newsletter. You surf the Web, find it interesting
> and subscribe. You get it delivered each week straight to you mailbox.
> Would you use the "pull" method and visit the website every week, just
> to pull? Would you come back, if there is one issue that isn't too
> interesting?
> Nearly every company I know of has their product infos ready for "pull".
> But they use push mailinglists to contact their customers and refresh
> their memory and deliver information just in time and when it's
> relevant.
> They won't want to loose that instrument.

A number of mailers have already expressed an interest in using a pull
approach (for a number of good reasons, working around broken spam filters
being one of them).

http://word-to-the-wise.com/message_distribution/ is the RSSy draft that
came out of the conversation.

Cheers,
  Steve
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Unfortunately way too much of the effort thus far in the fight against
spam has been this sort of "Good Citizen's Brigade" approach.

You know, ``fix that fence, pick up that rubbish, fix that light,
spammers only take comfort in these things!''...

It's the desparate act of people who don't quite know what to do, but
sincerely want to do something, so they run about neatening things up
in the hope that at the very least it can't hurt. Well-intentioned,
but no substitute for the deployment of weapons of mass destruction.

What we actually need is a Pied Piper for Spammers who can blow his
magic flute and off they'll all dance into the river, their miserable,
disease-bearing, little squeaks never to be heard again.

Perhaps that's not quite a game plan either.

But if you remember the conclusion of that story it may well be
portentous.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 17:44:45 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>

> That's bullshit. You're confusing everything. Are you stoned?

> Do you have any clue at all what you are talking about? 

> That's pure nonsense. Do you intentionally refuse to understand 
> even the simplest things? 

> You're talking crap.


Doesn't that style of rhetoric voilate the IETF's rules?   Mr. Danisch
has used it repeatedly since he subscribed to this mailing list.  

Might we have a test case for Marshall Rose's new IESG procedure for
dealing with such problems?

Regardless of the offical response, I wish Dave Crocker and others
would reward such behavior more appropriately, with complete silence.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Message from Michael Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org> 
   of "Tue, 06 May 2003 12:10:21 PDT." <Pine.LNX.4.44.0305061204030.26063-100000@entropy.galcit.caltech.edu> 
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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 16:49:33 -0700

On Tue, 6 May 2003 12:10:21 -0700 (PDT) 
Michael Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org> wrote:

>> BoxA is compromised.
 
>> The zombie code sucks in a spamming engine (SE).
 
>> The SE determines the mail configuration of BoxA in terms of
>> appropriate SMTP envelope etc from the registry.
 
>> BoxA spams away using the stolen credentials from its registry.

> Thank you--you've raised a reasonable, cogent objection.

Nope, there's nothing in there specific to RMX, RMX just prompted some
mental noodling which ended up with me doing some arm waving at future
attack vectors.  RMX is broken for simpler reasons, which have been well
covered without my help.

> As you note, RMX would not help against this kind of attack, and
> frankly neither would any other proposal I'm aware of.  If I can trick
> your machine into thinking I'm you, then I can do bad things in your
> name and thus make you look bad.

Quite.  As I noted at the time, this is a core problem with edge
authentication schema, and isn't necessarily resolvable.

> I submit that RMX gives a significant improvement, and it's just
> simple/easy enough that people might start using it!

Deployment expenses with RMX are a significant problem, as are the ROI
curves related to percentage deployments and fundamental email use
costs.  You can arm-wave technical solutions at them, but they merely
increase the deployment, support, and maintenance costs for a negative
ROI on the part of the deployer.  You are attempting to recreate
top-down authority structures when the natural (and proper?) tendency of
the field in normal legitimate use is for
self-authenticating/identifying nodes, not external nomination systems.

<shrug>

Now, can we move on to digging out a proposal which has a chance of
being useful instead of beating dead horses?  

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Alan DeKok'" <aland@freeradius.org>, "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RMX and aliases 
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This to me represent an evolution of a framework for dealing with 'spam'. Why? 
because the now the addition of consent as an element in the 'anti-spam' 
architecture is (to me) more workable.  The universe of systems needing consent 
may be reduced by RMX and that may allow consent proposals to be more precise.

-e

On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 5:27 PM, Alan DeKok [SMTP:aland@freeradius.org] wrote:
>   In keeping with the charter of this group, I will now discuss
> consent.  Within the context of SMTP, RMX allows the originating
> domain and MTA do explicitely publish their consentual relationship.
> In this case, if envelope sender re-writing is done, we can use RMX to
> establish that the domain 'example.com' consented to have that
> particular MTA send an email with a body "from" of 'example-2.com'.
>
>   In this case, the answers to questions 1 and 2 stay the same.  The
> answer to question 3 now becomes an explicit "yes, consent exists."
> The answer to question 4 becomes "the originating MTA is not an open
> relay or 'owned' machine, unless the attacker has additionally taken
> over the DNS records."
>
>
>   So the solution to .forward files, is to have the forwarding MTA
> explicitely declare it's consent to forwarding messages for another
> domain.
>
>   In contrast, the simple act of forwarding messages tells you
> nothing about consent, other than that forwarding is occuring.

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With respect to rDNS, my practice has been to establish only a single canonical 
name to that addresses reverse map.  I do not see a need to attach more than 
one name.  I don't disagree that an IP may have multiple forward maps to 
accommodate 'web-hosting' but to me reverse maps have little or nothing to do 
with web hosts.  I see utility for rDNS where protocols attempting to validate 
a presented name e.g. myhost.home.net is the expected name at the reverse map, 
i.e.. using ssh, ftp, telnet or smtp.  MTAs SHOULD have and use only a 
canonical name and not an alias, I feel that it is equally appropriate for the 
reverse map of an MTA host.

That's my bugaboo, like I said it is a preference, I thought was a best 
practice as well.  Although obviously it is not a 'rule' of any sort.  Were I 
serving domains in the fashion you present I would most likely have a different 
view as well.

-e

On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 5:15 PM, Bob Atkinson 
[SMTP:bobatk@Exchange.Microsoft.com] wrote:
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Eric D.
> > Williams
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 06, 2003 1:34 PM
> > To: 'Vernon Schryver'; asrg@ietf.org
> > Subject: RE: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
> >
> > It introduces the possibility for "additional" mis-configuration, as
> does
> > RMX.
> >  The point is that an IP address, I think, SHOULD have only one
> canonical
> > name.
>
> I find this odd: IP addresses with which I am familiar routinely have
> many names that resolve to the address: they serve many web domains, for
> example, or send and receive mail on behalf of several domains. I don't
> understand which of these several domains could reasonably be considered
> more equal than others and thus the ONE such canonical name.
>
> 	Bob
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> Another common case involves people traveling.  If you plug your
laptop
> into the network of a hotel or one of your consulting clients, you
> might prefer to use an envelope and From header address at your home
> systems instead of room1234@losangeles.merriot.com or
guest@example.com.

I'd like to understand this scenario better, as at present I am
confused.

Among my confused thoughts are the following questions: What were the
steps that led to a mail address and mail server in my hotel room? Which
part of the hotel's policy forced me into that? Does any hotel actually
do this? In your understanding, which SMTP server is the STMP client on
my laptop talking to in order to send it's mail?

I would have expected instead that having got IP connectivity, my mail
reader on my laptop would have connected back to my normal home (e.g.:
pop3.mycompany.com/smtp.mycompany.com) and then sent and received mail
through there as usual, resulting in the normal From headers, etc.

	Bob

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> From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>

> ...
> Header forging is one method spammers use to hide their identity, but
> they don't care a lot whose header they use. Sure, to some extent
> these psychopaths tend to be drawn towards sticking xyz@bighost.com
> because why not?
>
> But if that were made even slightly difficult they'd just use
> xyz@anyhost.com.
>
> They don't care, or not a lot. Sticking bighost.com in their header is
> not very important to what they're trying to do, it's just another
> annoying way they try to get you to look at their email.

That assumes a fact not in evidence, that spammers are attracted to
towards sticking xyz@bighost.com in their headers.  From the headers
and envelopes I see, which are only few amounting to several 100/day,
spammers are drawn first to using free provider domain names including
small outfits.  Then they like AOL, and sometimes IBM.  They don't
use the domains of the rest of the Fortune 5000 more often than
anyhost.com.  (Yes, every day there are 10's and perhaps 100's of
1,000,000s of spam that violate this observation.)

I think they do this because using free provider drop-boxes is easy
and avoids breaking laws against fraud and some spam as well as civil
liabilities as in the Flowers.com case.

It's unwise to speculate on what they might do if it were not safe
and easy to use free provider dropboxes.  They never seem to do the
obvious, or at least not only what was obvious before they did it.
Besides, they all have distinctive styles and make unique choices.


> I'm also wondering why this is better than signing envelope info with
> something like PGP? Wouldn't the latter remove the need for the
> real-time backtalk?

Have you looked at TEOS?  I'm told by reliable informants that the
real idea is quite different from the not even slightly interesting
or plausible stuff in http://eprivacygroup.net/teos/TEOSwhitepaper1.pdf


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Thanks. Maybe we're agreeing, but I'm still not sure. Maybe it's just
the end of a long day...

If more than one domain (say foo.com and bar.com) can legitimately
originate mail from my address 1.2.3.4, and one attempts to 'validate a
presented name' using rDNS, yet only one name can be established to
which 1.2.3.4 reverse maps, how can it possibly be that at least one of
foo.com or bar.com does not fail to validate? (Aside: Commonly it will
be *neither* that validates, since the rDNS query goes to my ISP, not
me.)

Perhaps you would deny my premise, and insist that each domain wishing
to originate mail have its own unique IP address. If so, that would be a
consistent viewpoint, but, IMHO, not a realistic restriction to impose
(note that no DNS aliases or CNAME records need be involved here).

---------------------
> From: Eric D. Williams [mailto:eric@infobro.com]

> With respect to rDNS, my practice has been to establish only a single
> canonical name to that addresses reverse map.  I do not see a need to
attach more than one name.  I don't disagree that an IP may have
multiple forward maps to accommodate 'web-hosting' but to me reverse
maps have little or nothing to do with web hosts.  I see utility for
rDNS where protocols attempting to validate a presented name e.g.
myhost.home.net is the expected name at the reverse map, i.e.. using
ssh, ftp, telnet or smtp.  MTAs SHOULD have and use only a canonical
name and not an alias, I feel that it is equally appropriate for the
reverse map of an MTA host.

> That's my bugaboo, like I said it is a preference, I thought was a
best
> practice as well.  Although obviously it is not a 'rule' of any sort.
Were
> I serving domains in the fashion you present I would most likely have
a
> different view as well.

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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Barry Shein'" <bzs@world.std.com>, Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>
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On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 6:26 PM, Barry Shein [SMTP:bzs@world.std.com] wrote:
>
> On May 6, 2003 at 14:39 aland@freeradius.org (Alan DeKok) wrote:
>  > Dave Crocker <dcrocker@brandenburg.com> wrote:
>  > > Spoofing is bad, but it is not at all the core problem with spam.
>  >
>  >   So there's no point in solving one part of the spam problem, because
>  > the problem is larger than that.  Yeah, that makes sense...
>
> No, the problem is that this spoofing is a minor problem and any
> solution is easily evaded by spammers.

Please explain how.  I think as an exercise it would be instructive to give an 
example of how a spoofing solution would be evaded (easily).  I agree that 
spoofing is a problem (I do not know how minor as I get any where from 3-6k on 
my small operation per day) those are only the ones I see so I will not 
extrapolate that to the rest of the group.  Others are dealt with by filters 
and I will extract some numbers and perform analysis on those.  I still get 
'spammed' and I am not sure whether any ONE solution will suffice and be 
workable or lead to wide-spread adoption.

Also, please address (if you are interested) the issue of framework and 
architecture in proving a solution set.  My thinking is Dave's paper on control 
points is a start.

-e

-e
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On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 6:28 PM, Dave Crocker [SMTP:dhc@dcrocker.net] wrote:
8<...>8
> Proposals to control spam need to worry about reducing it, not making it
> more pristine.

Making 'spam' "more pristine" may be one step toward control.  IDK, is there a 
better more consistent methodology for accurately identifying 'spam' sources 
within the technical framework (at the implementation level) of the MTS?

-e

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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Barry Shein'" <bzs@world.std.com>,
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This is not IDENT 'all over again', IMHO.

-e

On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 6:32 PM, Barry Shein [SMTP:bzs@world.std.com] wrote:
> 
> On May 6, 2003 at 12:02 bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com (Bob Atkinson) wrote:
>  > An interesting observation is once you've eliminated the domain
>  > spoofing, what you've then got in hand is a domain name that you can
>  > reasonably believe has some amount of responsibility for the
>  > transmission of the message. 
> 
> Not much more than you did by (intelligently) looking at the Received
> lines.
> 
> One of the major sources of spam right now seems to be zombie robot
> hosts, hosts who have had a virus injected into them which turns them
> into unwitting spam slaves*.
> 
> So the spam is being delivered by 123-456-789-123-dsl-pool.telco.com
> and guess what it seems to be from xxxdvd@123-456-789-123-dsl-pool.telco.com
> who assures you that anything from (don't make me type it again)
> is indeed from (I'm just not going to type it again.)
> 
> Now what do you know?
> 
> * Could someone please teleport that sentence back to the TCP-IP list
> of 1985 and get the reaction?
> -- 
>         -Barry Shein
> 
> Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
> Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
> The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 18:37:40 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Bob Atkinson" <bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com>

> > Another common case involves people traveling.  If you plug your
> laptop
> > into the network of a hotel or one of your consulting clients, you
> > might prefer to use an envelope and From header address at your home
> > systems instead of room1234@losangeles.merriot.com or
> guest@example.com.
>
> I'd like to understand this scenario better, as at present I am
> confused.
>
> Among my confused thoughts are the following questions: What were the
> steps that led to a mail address and mail server in my hotel room? Which
> part of the hotel's policy forced me into that? Does any hotel actually
> do this? In your understanding, which SMTP server is the STMP client on
> my laptop talking to in order to send it's mail?
>
> I would have expected instead that having got IP connectivity, my mail
> reader on my laptop would have connected back to my normal home (e.g.:
> pop3.mycompany.com/smtp.mycompany.com) and then sent and received mail
> through there as usual, resulting in the normal From headers, etc.

POP3 is fine for fetching accumulated mail from your mailbox
mycompany.com.  How do you send mail?

Now that I think about it, I realize I'm thinking of such as running
sendmail/UNIX on the laptop to send mail.  My preconceptions run that
way, while others tend to think of personal computers as dumb terminals
connected to a BBS and using IP instead of x-term or some other
specialized protocol largely out of inertia and marketing.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX and aliases 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org> 
   of "Tue, 06 May 2003 17:27:21 EDT." <E19D9y5-0007DU-00@mail.nitros9.org> 
References: <E19D9y5-0007DU-00@mail.nitros9.org> 
X-face: ?<YUs-cNP1\Oc-H>^_yw@fA`CEX&}--=*&XqXbF-oePvxaT4(kyt\nwM9]{]N!>b^K}-Mb9
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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 18:04:43 -0700

On Tue, 06 May 2003 17:27:21 -0400 
Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org> wrote:

> Now let's look at the problems with the current use of .forward files.
> You receive a message from an MTA in example.com, with the envelope &
> body "from" being example-2.com.

Forward chained received headers solve the same problem instance, as
well as providing reverse transparency down the full path of the message
(assuming supporting MTAs).

> So the solution to .forward files, is to have the forwarding MTA
> explicitely declare it's consent to forwarding messages for another
> domain.

There's a non-starter in the mailing list world.

> In contrast, the simple act of forwarding messages tells you nothing
> about consent, other than that forwarding is occuring.

Unless an embedded consent protocol is involved (cf TMDA).

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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To: "'J C Lawrence'" <claw@kanga.nu>, Michael Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>
Cc: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
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On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 7:50 PM, J C Lawrence [SMTP:claw@kanga.nu] wrote:
> On Tue, 6 May 2003 12:10:21 -0700 (PDT)
> Michael Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org> wrote:
>
> >> BoxA is compromised.
>
> >> The zombie code sucks in a spamming engine (SE).
>
> >> The SE determines the mail configuration of BoxA in terms of
> >> appropriate SMTP envelope etc from the registry.
>
> >> BoxA spams away using the stolen credentials from its registry.
>
> > Thank you--you've raised a reasonable, cogent objection.
>
> Nope, there's nothing in there specific to RMX, RMX just prompted some
> mental noodling which ended up with me doing some arm waving at future
> attack vectors.  RMX is broken for simpler reasons, which have been well
> covered without my help.

Please explain.  I do not think that your example has shown a flaw in RMX.  As 
I stated in my message on this point the attack scenario you describe is a 
security concern primarily and a spam issue secondarily.  In fact if a system 
is compromised spamming would be a minimal concern as compared to eliminating 
the vulnerability.  Please give an example of how RMX is fundamentally broken. 
 I have heard that opinion several times today, could you provide an example 
(especially since it is so trivial - I have not been able to come up with one)?

> > As you note, RMX would not help against this kind of attack, and
> > frankly neither would any other proposal I'm aware of.  If I can trick
> > your machine into thinking I'm you, then I can do bad things in your
> > name and thus make you look bad.
>
> Quite.  As I noted at the time, this is a core problem with edge
> authentication schema, and isn't necessarily resolvable.

I am not sure of what you are saying are you referring to systems commonly 
known as user desktops?  I did not recognize the attack vector in your example 
or a description of what part of RMX introduced a flaw/vulnerability into the 
compromised system.

> > I submit that RMX gives a significant improvement, and it's just
> > simple/easy enough that people might start using it!
>
> Deployment expenses with RMX are a significant problem, as are the ROI
> curves related to percentage deployments and fundamental email use
> costs.  You can arm-wave technical solutions at them, but they merely
> increase the deployment, support, and maintenance costs for a negative
> ROI on the part of the deployer.  You are attempting to recreate
> top-down authority structures when the natural (and proper?) tendency of
> the field in normal legitimate use is for
> self-authenticating/identifying nodes, not external nomination systems.

From where does this analysis stem.  Please cite examples of how you determined 
the deployment costs and ROI on RMX.  I am interested in reproducing your 
results for validation.

> <shrug>
>
> Now, can we move on to digging out a proposal which has a chance of
> being useful instead of beating dead horses?

I think it's still twitching.

-e

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	 <asrg@ietf.org>
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Using RMX my understanding is that the IP of 1.2.3.4 would be associated with 
both foo.com and bar.com however a reverse map RR using my premise would likely 
be:

4   IN   PTR   out-bound-mailhost.infobro.com.

And forward maps in foo and bar would be

foo.com
mail   IN   A   1.2.3.4

bar.com
mail   IN   A   1.2.3.4

I don't think RMX requires any more information in the normal DNS.

foo.com   IN   RMX   ( out-bound-mailhost.infobro.com )
bar.com   IN   RMX   ( out-bound-mailhost.infobro.com )

out-bound-mailhost.infobro.com   IN   APL   ( 1.2.3.4/32 )

-e

On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 8:09 PM, Bob Atkinson 
[SMTP:bobatk@Exchange.Microsoft.com] wrote:
> Thanks. Maybe we're agreeing, but I'm still not sure. Maybe it's just
> the end of a long day...
>
> If more than one domain (say foo.com and bar.com) can legitimately
> originate mail from my address 1.2.3.4, and one attempts to 'validate a
> presented name' using rDNS, yet only one name can be established to
> which 1.2.3.4 reverse maps, how can it possibly be that at least one of
> foo.com or bar.com does not fail to validate? (Aside: Commonly it will
> be *neither* that validates, since the rDNS query goes to my ISP, not
> me.)
>
> Perhaps you would deny my premise, and insist that each domain wishing
> to originate mail have its own unique IP address. If so, that would be a
> consistent viewpoint, but, IMHO, not a realistic restriction to impose
> (note that no DNS aliases or CNAME records need be involved here).
>
> ---------------------
> > From: Eric D. Williams [mailto:eric@infobro.com]
>
> > With respect to rDNS, my practice has been to establish only a single
> > canonical name to that addresses reverse map.  I do not see a need to
> attach more than one name.  I don't disagree that an IP may have
> multiple forward maps to accommodate 'web-hosting' but to me reverse
> maps have little or nothing to do with web hosts.  I see utility for
> rDNS where protocols attempting to validate a presented name e.g.
> myhost.home.net is the expected name at the reverse map, i.e.. using
> ssh, ftp, telnet or smtp.  MTAs SHOULD have and use only a canonical
> name and not an alias, I feel that it is equally appropriate for the
> reverse map of an MTA host.
>
> > That's my bugaboo, like I said it is a preference, I thought was a
> best
> > practice as well.  Although obviously it is not a 'rule' of any sort.
> Were
> > I serving domains in the fashion you present I would most likely have
> a
> > different view as well.
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Bob Atkinson'" <bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com>,
        Vernon Schryver
	 <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>,
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Think policy boundary on the home network (firewall).
Think SMTP is SMTP to recieving host from your laptop.
Think mailbox access is web-mail to home office for example.


-e

On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 7:53 PM, Bob Atkinson 
[SMTP:bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com] wrote:
> > Another common case involves people traveling.  If you plug your
> laptop
> > into the network of a hotel or one of your consulting clients, you
> > might prefer to use an envelope and From header address at your home
> > systems instead of room1234@losangeles.merriot.com or
> guest@example.com.
>
> I'd like to understand this scenario better, as at present I am
> confused.
>
> Among my confused thoughts are the following questions: What were the
> steps that led to a mail address and mail server in my hotel room? Which
> part of the hotel's policy forced me into that? Does any hotel actually
> do this? In your understanding, which SMTP server is the STMP client on
> my laptop talking to in order to send it's mail?
>
> I would have expected instead that having got IP connectivity, my mail
> reader on my laptop would have connected back to my normal home (e.g.:
> pop3.mycompany.com/smtp.mycompany.com) and then sent and received mail
> through there as usual, resulting in the normal From headers, etc.
>
> 	Bob
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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On May 6, 2003 at 20:18 eric@infobro.com (Eric D. Williams) wrote:
 > > No, the problem is that this spoofing is a minor problem and any
 > > solution is easily evaded by spammers.
 > 
 > Please explain how.

Ok, first off by just not using an RMX-enabled host. Using zombie
hosts or open relays or mail proxies, spam-friendly ISPs, etc, that's
what I was thinking of when I said "evaded".

I just meant, as I said previously, sticking (e.g.) @aol.com may be
attractive to spammers but it's not important, they won't miss a beat.

No more than blocking open relays ever slowed them down. They
(apparently) have lists of hundreds of thousands if not millions of
useful hosts and can switch between them rapid-fire.

See, if one doesn't understand their MO's one tends to imagine them
only doing stuff that's easy and comfortable to think about.

Further, if the spammers want to have that cake and eat it too they'll
do what they're doing now and use lookalike domains like @yahooo.com
(three 'o's) or A0L.COM (zero), ok that one's owned by AOL but you get
my drift. Or aol-mail.com or @eartlink.com or @earhtlink.com, whatever
153,276 other combinations the public is likely to fall for with just
about the same exact frequency as they would fall for phony@aol.com.

We're not going into a good space here with this RMX stuff.

As I said, RMX may solve some other problems, but it won't slow down
spammers, not more than a few microseconds anyhow.

 > 
 > Also, please address (if you are interested) the issue of framework and 
 > architecture in proving a solution set.  My thinking is Dave's paper on control 
 > points is a start.

I don't think we're ready to go there yet although I think Dave has a
good idea trying to lay out the terrain.

My message, as someone who has sat on the front-lines of all this for
many years, is:

a) Spam is more subtle than most people, even those who think they
understand it, think.

b) It's unlikely a technical solution will ever work.

What might be more productive, for example, might be working along
with legal experts on technical changes which might help provide
evidence in court cases against spammers and similar miscreants.

I think sending a "chilling effect" as they call it in law would help
a lot with this problem. These are cowards, not heroes, we're dealing
with.

But I dunno, I'm not even ready to commit to that. But it's going to
be some sort of interplay between technical/social/legal/legislative.

Unfortunately, each group tends to sit down only with their own
because that's the most comfortable environment (they understand each
others' language and more's) and proceed to bang out a solution mostly
centered on the sphere they are comfortable with (lawyers suggest
court action, techies suggest algorithms, legislators suggest new
laws, etc.)


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*
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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 21:43:57 -0400

I use a local STMP server to send mail. I travel a lot and use a cell phone 
on the road. The cell phone provider doesn't provide me with a stable SMTP 
server, so I use a local one (called PostCastServer) to send my email 
directly to the recipients'  SMTP servers. My Internet provider at home 
doesn't provide any email servers either, so I am kind of stuck. In a 
RMX/rDNS world, would I have to pay to subscribe to a RMX-enabled SMTP 
server instead of using my current setup?

At 06:37 PM 5/6/2003 -0600, you wrote:

> > From: "Bob Atkinson" <bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com>
>
> > > Another common case involves people traveling.  If you plug your
> > laptop
> > > into the network of a hotel or one of your consulting clients, you
> > > might prefer to use an envelope and From header address at your home
> > > systems instead of room1234@losangeles.merriot.com or
> > guest@example.com.
> >
> > I'd like to understand this scenario better, as at present I am
> > confused.
> >
> > Among my confused thoughts are the following questions: What were the
> > steps that led to a mail address and mail server in my hotel room? Which
> > part of the hotel's policy forced me into that? Does any hotel actually
> > do this? In your understanding, which SMTP server is the STMP client on
> > my laptop talking to in order to send it's mail?
> >
> > I would have expected instead that having got IP connectivity, my mail
> > reader on my laptop would have connected back to my normal home (e.g.:
> > pop3.mycompany.com/smtp.mycompany.com) and then sent and received mail
> > through there as usual, resulting in the normal From headers, etc.
>
>POP3 is fine for fetching accumulated mail from your mailbox
>mycompany.com.  How do you send mail?
>
>Now that I think about it, I realize I'm thinking of such as running
>sendmail/UNIX on the laptop to send mail.  My preconceptions run that
>way, while others tend to think of personal computers as dumb terminals
>connected to a BBS and using IP instead of x-term or some other
>specialized protocol largely out of inertia and marketing.
>
>
>Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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To: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 18:44:03 -0700

On Tue, 6 May 2003 20:50:50 -0400 
Eric D Williams <eric@infobro.com> wrote:
> On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 7:50 PM, J C Lawrence [SMTP:claw@kanga.nu]
> wrote:
>> On Tue, 6 May 2003 12:10:21 -0700 (PDT) Michael Rubel
>> <asrg@mikerubel.org> wrote:
 
>> Nope, there's nothing in there specific to RMX, RMX just prompted
>> some mental noodling which ended up with me doing some arm waving at
>> future attack vectors.  RMX is broken for simpler reasons, which have
>> been well covered without my help.

> Please explain.  I do not think that your example has shown a flaw in
> RMX.  

<sigh> Please read what I wrote.  Your question states that you haven't.

> As I stated in my message on this point the attack scenario you
> describe is a security concern primarily and a spam issue secondarily.

Quite.

> In fact if a system is compromised spamming would be a minimal concern
> as compared to eliminating the vulnerability.  

Empirically, average homeowner desktop users do not have that view, not
even slightly.

> Please give an example of how RMX is fundamentally broken. I have
> heard that opinion several times today, could you provide an example
> (especially since it is so trivial - I have not been able to come up
> with one)?

Not my business, not my interest.  This message represents almost an
order of magnitude greater investment in RMX than I have interest in it.
The list archives cover the ground quite effectively.  If you don't read
them that way, that's up to you.  We differ.  Life will go on.

>>> As you note, RMX would not help against this kind of attack, and 
>>> frankly neither would any other proposal I'm aware of.  If I can
>>> trick your machine into thinking I'm you, then I can do bad things
>>> in your name and thus make you look bad.
 
>> Quite.  As I noted at the time, this is a core problem with edge
>> authentication schema, and isn't necessarily resolvable.

> I am not sure of what you are saying are you referring to systems
> commonly known as user desktops?  I did not recognize the attack
> vector in your example or a description of what part of RMX introduced
> a flaw/vulnerability into the compromised system.

Aiiieee!  Please try reading a message as written.  I have made no
specific comment about user desktops except as an example application of
the attack vector.  User desktops, as a specific case are uninteresting.
There's nothing unique there.  Just how many times do I have to write
that RMX is not particularly involved in that attack vector?

>>> I submit that RMX gives a significant improvement, and it's just 
>>> simple/easy enough that people might start using it!
 
>> Deployment expenses with RMX are a significant problem, as are the
>> ROI curves related to percentage deployments and fundamental email
>> use costs.  You can arm-wave technical solutions at them, but they
>> merely increase the deployment, support, and maintenance costs for a
>> negative ROI on the part of the deployer.  You are attempting to
>> recreate top-down authority structures when the natural (and proper?) 
>> tendency of the field in normal legitimate use is for
>> self-authenticating/identifying nodes, not external nomination
>> systems.

> From where does this analysis stem.  

Me.

> Please cite examples of how you determined the deployment costs and
> ROI on RMX.  I am interested in reproducing your results for
> validation.

Sorry, no.  Simply, it is neither worth my time or yours.  Arguments,
evaluations, and empirical evidence has been presented in the last weeks
which you have variously ignored, decreed as irrelevant, or labeled as
an acceptable cost.  I've no interest in repeating that history when it
is so readily available in the archives.  Not my job, not my investment,
not my interest.

>> Now, can we move on to digging out a proposal which has a chance of
>> being useful instead of beating dead horses?

> I think it's still twitching.

Aye, sometimes the nerves take a bit longer to die.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 06 May 2003 17:44:45 MDT."
             <200305062344.h46NijMm017997@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 22:40:20 -0400

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> Doesn't that style of rhetoric voilate the IETF's rules?   Mr. Danisch
> has used it repeatedly since he subscribed to this mailing list.  

  I would suggest, Vernon, that you improve your own behaviour before
you complain about others.  The past few days has seen a spate of ad
hominem attacks by you, along with overt attempts to put words into
other peoples mouths, and then attacking them for your own inventions.

> Regardless of the offical response, I wish Dave Crocker and others
> would reward such behavior more appropriately, with complete silence.

  There has already been official response on Dave's behaviour.  Dave
has apparently ignored that response.  I wait for it to escalate.

  My involvement here has been naive, I must admit.  I had hoped that
I could honestly address technical concerns I had about solutions
proposed by others, and that other would honestly address technical
concerns about solutions I proposed.  While that has occasionally
happened, the people I would label "con" have made a habit out of
quietly ignoring any arguments they find difficult, among other
unproductive behaviours.

  I'm strongly of the opinion that I should give up on ASRG and go
away, as the people opposing ANY solution will never agree to let ASRG
be productive.  Alternately, I would recommend to the IRTF that people
who are unwilling to accept any changes to the network be made
unwelcome in ASRG.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 06 May 2003 17:14:14 MDT."
             <200305062314.h46NEEh2013725@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 23:04:48 -0400

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> The common mode that you would outlaw is where people send from one
> IP address with an unrelated envelope Mail_From value.

  No one has used the word "outlaw".  The recipient MTA would decide
what to do with an SMTP session when the originator lies to it.
Maybe the IETF ends up with an RFC saying such lies MUST NOT occur,
but who really pays attention to RFC requirements?

> Another common case involves people traveling.  If you plug your laptop
> into the network of a hotel or one of your consulting clients, you
> might prefer to use an envelope and From header address at your home
> systems instead of room1234@losangeles.merriot.com or guest@example.com.

  Despite Dave Crockers assertions to the contrary, other solutions
for roaming users exist, than lying in SMTP transactions.  Even his
comments against webmail "not scaling" are trivially and obviously
wrong: Hotmail.  It has tens of millions, and dare I say, approaching
100 million users.

  That existing solution address ALL of the concerns with roaming
users requiring email access (but NOT necessarily SMTP), and with
scalability to 100's of millions of users.  The fact that you,
personally, probably hate web mail is your issue, and doesn't negate
the underlying truth of the argument for changing the behaviour of
roaming users.

  Alan DeKok.
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	for asrg@ietf.org; Tue, 06 May 2003 23:13:47 -0400
From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Willfull and intentional misunderstandings 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 06 May 2003 19:35:51 EDT."
             <16056.18135.762111.721053@world.std.com> 
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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 23:13:47 -0400

Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:
> It's the desparate act of people who don't quite know what to do, but
> sincerely want to do something, so they run about neatening things up
> in the hope that at the very least it can't hurt. Well-intentioned,
> but no substitute for the deployment of weapons of mass destruction.

  I'll bite: WHAT weapons of mass destruction?

  All of this bitching back and forth about proposals with small
effects on spam occurs SOLELY because there are no "weapons of mass
destruction" in relation to the spam problem.  So for the people
opposing the "Good Citizen's Brigade" approach, my suggestion is this:

  Either put up, or shut up.

  Come up with proposals which ARE "weapons of mass destruction", or
shut up, and stop opposing people who are trying to do something
positive.  Most proposals involve it's proponents doing work, and
don't require you to do anything.  So if the proposals really are as
bad as you say, stop opposing people, and let them fall into quagmires
of their own invention.

  But this knee-jerk opposition to anything other than Moses coming
down from Mount Sinai with the giftfrom God of the "10 commandments of
perfect methods to fight spam" is getting stale.  Get over it.

  Alan DeKok.
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 00:32:59 -0400

There is no one overall solution that will magically solve all of our spam 
problems. We must seek a combination of several solutions which can 
significantly reduce the overall volume of spam. Unfortunately, unlike what 
most of us wish spammers are not going away so fast. Neither will any 
servers on the Internet magically start doing SMTP authentication - changes 
can take a lot of time. We need to seek a combination of various changes to 
protocols, policy suggestions and other solutions in order to gradually 
reduce the problem.

In that same vein, I would like to make a small suggestion which can help 
as part of an overall solution. If we utilize some form of a RMX/rDNS 
system, there is still an issue of dealing with the email arriving from 
non-RMX/non-rDNS sites especially during the transition process. 
Blacklisting or white listing is not a valid option since that would block 
legitimate mail. I would like to suggest something that I remember seeing 
either here or elsewhere on the Net: assigning priority to each message. 
Messages with different priority levels can be routed accordingly, possible 
spam can be delayed by a significant number of hours or days during which 
the spammer's website and email accounts will be probably terminated by 
their ISP. Legitimate email will still get through, but the inherent 
"slowness" will force the senders to complain to their ISP to switch over 
to a RMX or rDNS system.

There are already two headers mentioned in RFC 2076, section 3.9: 
"Priority:" and "Precedence:" According to RFC 2076 these headers "can 
influence general usage transmission speed and delivery". However, 
according to the same RFC the "Priority" header is "not for general usage" 
and the "Precedence" header is "non-standard, controversial, discouraged". 
Perhaps as part of an overall change in policy and protocols towards a 
spam-free environment we should formalize one of these two headers or 
define a new header, as part of the SMTP protocol and ALSO define format 
procedures as to how the difference "priority" or "precedence" levels 
should be dealt with by MTAs. Sendmail, which is the most popular MTA in 
use already deals with the "precedence" header as can been seen in the 
"Installation and Operation Guide for Sendmail 8.12", section #2.9.3 
(http://www.sendmail.org/~ca/email/doc8.12/op-sh-2.html#sh-2.9.3):

"Precedence

The Precedence: header can be used as a crude control of message priority. 
It tweaks the sort order in the queue and can be configured to change the 
message timeout values. The precedence of a message also controls how 
delivery status notifications (DSNs) are processed for that message. "

I am sure that if this header is formalized or a new header is defined, AND 
formal guidelines are established for routing such mail, SendMail and other 
MTAs can be prevailed upon to support it. I am not suggesting an overall 
solution, just adding another piece of the puzzle.

I would like to hear any comments on this,
Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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J C,

I read your message carefully, I guess you are correct using your 
interpretations of the terms 'attack vector', and 'broken' you current message 
has given me clarity in that regard.  I do not use those terms in the same way 
for me an 'attack vector' is an exploited vulnerability in a system and 
'broken' means a protocol or process does not function as described given valid 
or invalid inputs.  I thought you were using the terms in that regard, my bad.

On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 9:44 PM, J C Lawrence [SMTP:claw@kanga.nu] wrote:
> On Tue, 6 May 2003 20:50:50 -0400
> Eric D Williams <eric@infobro.com> wrote:
> > On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 7:50 PM, J C Lawrence [SMTP:claw@kanga.nu]
> > wrote:
> >> On Tue, 6 May 2003 12:10:21 -0700 (PDT) Michael Rubel
> >> <asrg@mikerubel.org> wrote:
>
> >> Nope, there's nothing in there specific to RMX, RMX just prompted
> >> some mental noodling which ended up with me doing some arm waving at
> >> future attack vectors.  RMX is broken for simpler reasons, which have
> >> been well covered without my help.
>
> > Please explain.  I do not think that your example has shown a flaw in
> > RMX.
>
> <sigh> Please read what I wrote.  Your question states that you haven't.
>
> > As I stated in my message on this point the attack scenario you
> > describe is a security concern primarily and a spam issue secondarily.
>
> Quite.

We concur, but notice I did not use the term 'attack vector' that's where my 
confusion started.

> > In fact if a system is compromised spamming would be a minimal concern
> > as compared to eliminating the vulnerability.
>
> Empirically, average homeowner desktop users do not have that view, not
> even slightly.

I don't agree, there is a difference of opinion here (I deal with quite a few 
home users who do not hold that view).  Spamming in this regard is a symptom of 
the compromise resulting from an exploited vulnerability.

> > Please give an example of how RMX is fundamentally broken. I have
> > heard that opinion several times today, could you provide an example
> > (especially since it is so trivial - I have not been able to come up
> > with one)?
>
> Not my business, not my interest.  This message represents almost an
> order of magnitude greater investment in RMX than I have interest in it.
> The list archives cover the ground quite effectively.  If you don't read
> them that way, that's up to you.  We differ.  Life will go on.

I do not derive the same level of resolution regarding the arguments presented 
in the archives nor during this thread.  You are correct we differ.

> >>> As you note, RMX would not help against this kind of attack, and
> >>> frankly neither would any other proposal I'm aware of.  If I can
> >>> trick your machine into thinking I'm you, then I can do bad things
> >>> in your name and thus make you look bad.
>
> >> Quite.  As I noted at the time, this is a core problem with edge
> >> authentication schema, and isn't necessarily resolvable.
>
> > I am not sure of what you are saying are you referring to systems
> > commonly known as user desktops?  I did not recognize the attack
> > vector in your example or a description of what part of RMX introduced
> > a flaw/vulnerability into the compromised system.
>
> Aiiieee!  Please try reading a message as written.  I have made no
> specific comment about user desktops except as an example application of
> the attack vector.  User desktops, as a specific case are uninteresting.
> There's nothing unique there.  Just how many times do I have to write
> that RMX is not particularly involved in that attack vector?

If you are referring to DNS et. al. as edge authentication schema I understand, 
I could not carry forward your argument because of the inconsistent view of the 
terms.  I thought you were referring to the attack scenario.  Otherwise, I 
thought you were referring to desktop per se system, that use trivial 
authentication schemes and thus can usually be easily compromised.

I did not recall you making a statement about the RMX not being involved in the 
attack scenario, I completely follow your premise for the result of a 
successful compromise of a system - I think I stated that in the first message 
in response to the scenario.  This is not complicated, I follow you I'm just 
looking for clarity in assessing your arguments.

> >>> I submit that RMX gives a significant improvement, and it's just
> >>> simple/easy enough that people might start using it!
>
> >> Deployment expenses with RMX are a significant problem, as are the
> >> ROI curves related to percentage deployments and fundamental email
> >> use costs.  You can arm-wave technical solutions at them, but they
> >> merely increase the deployment, support, and maintenance costs for a
> >> negative ROI on the part of the deployer.  You are attempting to
> >> recreate top-down authority structures when the natural (and proper?)
> >> tendency of the field in normal legitimate use is for
> >> self-authenticating/identifying nodes, not external nomination
> >> systems.
>
> > From where does this analysis stem.
>
> Me.

How does that help in giving the group a cogent view of what metrics should be 
used to evaluate other proposals.  I asked because if there is a viable 
methodology for determining these various methods they should be referenced in 
the requirements, additionally we could develop some threshold for viability. 
 BTW, I am not attempting to "recreate" anything and I am not, during my 
analysis, limiting the solution set, at this point, to any particular approach.

> > Please cite examples of how you determined the deployment costs and
> > ROI on RMX.  I am interested in reproducing your results for
> > validation.
>
> Sorry, no.  Simply, it is neither worth my time or yours.  Arguments,
> evaluations, and empirical evidence has been presented in the last weeks
> which you have variously ignored, decreed as irrelevant, or labeled as
> an acceptable cost.  I've no interest in repeating that history when it
> is so readily available in the archives.  Not my job, not my investment,
> not my interest.

I do not engage in that type of analysis.  I do not 'decree' anything nor do 
have I even stated I advocate a particular proposal (though I am willing to 
work to evolve some toward viability).  Of course there are other proposals 
that have been presented and if you review my posts you may note I have only, 
so far, asked or attempted to answer questions presented where I can.  I am 
engaging in analysis mostly, some writing (Requirements Draft) and some 
critiquing, to date.

> >> Now, can we move on to digging out a proposal which has a chance of
> >> being useful instead of beating dead horses?
>
> > I think it's still twitching.
>
> Aye, sometimes the nerves take a bit longer to die.


Indeed.

-e
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 00:56:23 -0400

Has anyone ever heard of this internet draft:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-newman-msgheader-originfo-05.txt

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 22:22:22 -0700 (PDT)

MR> It has no bearing on who owns or operate domains.  Nor does it, so far
MR> as I can tell, "forc[e] users to pick an ISP and stick to it."  Any ISP
MR> capable of getting the packets to and from your mail servers will do.

VS> That is mistaken, unless you assume big-BBS model in which individual
VS> computers are dumb terminals connected to a single big BBS style ISP.
VS> Whether you other raw connectivity ISPs or a dialup modem through the
VS> telephone system to reach the big BBS ISP is irrelevant to the big
VS> BBS style of Internet you posit.

Vernon,

Do dialup or traveling users run their own MTA's over the dialup line?

Nope--they have remote, permanent servers, which they access via POP or
IMAP.  Somewhere, somehow, they rely on machines that are listening
24/7.  I have such a machine myself.  Call it "BBS-style" if you like,
but it's a present-day fact.

So why shouldn't users send their outgoing mail through specific servers
too, instead of sending the mail directly?

RMX wouldn't make the world any more "bbs-style" than it is now.

VS> The common mode that you would outlaw is where people send from one IP
VS> address with an unrelated envelope Mail_From value.  For example, many
VS> people configure their computers at work to send with a envelope and
VS> header value of a mailbox at a free provider.

Nobody's outlawing anything.  If Hotmail wants people to stop forging
their name on mail, then yes, they need to make sure that remote users
send via their mail servers.  They have a wide variety of commonly-used
avenues for implementing this.  Their webmail users don't have to change
anything.  If hotmail admins still want people to be able to send
hotmail from other machines, they can provide smtp-auth service.  How
does this become a problem?

VS> Another common case involves people traveling.  If you plug your laptop
VS> into the network of a hotel or one of your consulting clients, you
VS> might prefer to use an envelope and From header address at your home
VS> systems instead of room1234@losangeles.merriot.com or guest@example.com.

So they send the mail through their own office's mail servers.  Again,
no problem.

VS> There are several problems with that reasoning.  
VS>   - it assumes that Hotmail will ever have RMX records.  Because 
VS>     having RMX records would drive away a significant number of 
VS>     Hotmail's users, you'll always have decide to accept mail from 
VS>     cyndi@hotmail.com

Hotmail has a strong incentive to adopt RMX records--it would give them
the ability to prevent spammers to send mail claiming to come from
hotmail.com.  Which means potential recipients of hotmail.com mail would
stop thinking they're the source of all the world's spam.

I tend to disagree with the implication that having RMX would drive away 
any significant number of hotmail users.  Most of them simply access the 
webmail interface; since hotmail does not forward, they need to use it to 
read their email anyway.

>   - it assumes that you can't already decide to accept mail with Hotmail
>       sender addresses only if it comes from a Hotmail SMTP client.  In
>       fact it is common to check that the source of Hotmail mail is
>       Hotmail.

Sure, you can search on the web to find what hotmail.com's outgoing mail
servers are, and set up special filters on your system to only accept mail
from hotmail.com provided it arrives from one of those.  The system works
for hotmail.com--and only hotmail.com--until they change the IP addresses
of their mail servers, at which time they seem unlikely to inform you.

Why not just use RMX, which automates all of this?

>   - for a long time, very few systems will have RMX records, so
>       upgrade paths are irrelevant.

The upgrade will never happen unless there is a path to it.

>   - if you want to mark systems that follow Paul's convention so that
>       you know which don't, you could pick a large MX preference that
>       its extremely unlikely to be used for anything today.  For
>       example, I bet that among the millions of MX RRs today, none
>       has the preference 65391.

This is a reasonable alternative, but isn't it simpler to post RMX records
instead?  Rather than introducing a new special case in an existing RR,
you introduce an RR for that purpose.

Mike

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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 22:26:28 -0700

The RMX proposals that I've seen appear to be concerned solely with
forged MAIL FROM addresses (as described in RFC 821).  I believe that
most MUAs that are in widespread use only display From: headers (as
described in RFC 822), and the majority of end-users are not aware of
the existence of anything else.

If RMX use becomes widespread, spammers will likely avoid rejections
by adding RMX records for their own domains, using empty MAIL FROM
addresses, and using forged MAIL FROM addresses belonging to domains
that have not added RMX records.  I see nothing to prevent spammers
from continuing to use forged RFC 822 From: addresses, though.  In
light of this, how will an RMX implementation prevent spam or other
mail with forged (from most users' perspectives) addresses from being
just as rampant as is currently?
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JCL> You are attempting to recreate top-down authority structures when the
JCL> natural (and proper?) tendency of the field in normal legitimate use 
JCL> is for self-authenticating/identifying nodes, not external nomination
JCL> systems.

J.C.,

But RMX isn't top-down at all!  Each domain configures its own RMX
records, on its own name servers, to authenticate its own outgoing mail.  
There is no new central authority.  I'm not sure what you mean by
"external nomination system."

JCL> Now, can we move on to digging out a proposal which has a chance of
JCL> being useful instead of beating dead horses?  

With all due respect, I think it's the fastest horse of the bunch right 
now.  But my mind is open--please feel free to suggest others.  I'm 
willing to weigh merits.

Mike

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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 23:06:53 -0700

On Wed, 7 May 2003 00:35:20 -0400 
Eric D Williams <eric@infobro.com> wrote:
> On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 9:44 PM, J C Lawrence [SMTP:claw@kanga.nu]
> wrote:
>> On Tue, 6 May 2003 20:50:50 -0400 Eric D Williams <eric@infobro.com>
>> wrote: 

>> Empirically, average homeowner desktop users do not have that view,
>> not even slightly.

> I don't agree, there is a difference of opinion here (I deal with
> quite a few home users who do not hold that view).  

Certainly there are many who consider it significant, but "many" doesn't
mean much in percentages, or in the size of the population who don't
manifest concern in any direct sense.  The very high rate of such
compromises, the long tenure of many compromised boxes (in the networks
I've monitored it averaged at just over 8 months), and the relatively
lackadaisical attention paid to compromise prevention, detection, or
correction all empirically suggest that the view if held, is not held
strongly, and is certainly not held strongly enough to warrant either
particular attention or care.

> Spamming in this regard is a symptom of the compromise resulting from
> an exploited vulnerability.

Agreed, tho I'm not sure that adds anything.

>>> I am not sure of what you are saying are you referring to systems 
>>> commonly known as user desktops?  I did not recognize the attack 
>>> vector in your example or a description of what part of RMX
>>> introduced a flaw/vulnerability into the compromised system.

>> Aiiieee!  ...

> If you are referring to DNS et. al. as edge authentication schema I
> understand, I could not carry forward your argument because of the
> inconsistent view of the terms.  I thought you were referring to the
> attack scenario.  Otherwise, I thought you were referring to desktop
> per se system, that use trivial authentication schemes and thus can
> usually be easily compromised.

Authentication in the standard sense is a question of what you have (eg
SecureID key fob), what you know (eg password), and who you are (ala
biometrics).  Applying that level of authentication to email at the
transaction level is inapplicable.  Its simply too large a barrier to
standard usage.  As a result authentication data is cached, or locality
information like IP address or stored shared secret is used to supplant
more rigorous authentication.  Its that convenience factor that breaks.

  I described that data as stored and processed on the edge, which is
  admittedly an extension of the "edge" term from networking in an
  abusive manner.  My bad; I should have been more clear.

More simply, its the principle that if the node representing the
authentication data is compromised, then authentication is compromised.
The standard human parallel, if in a horror movie sense, would be
attempting robust authentication in a space where demonic/spiritual
possession was common.  Not an easy problem.  

> I did not recall you making a statement about the RMX not being
> involved in the attack scenario, I completely follow your premise for
> the result of a successful compromise of a system - I think I stated
> that in the first message in response to the scenario.  This is not
> complicated, I follow you I'm just looking for clarity in assessing
> your arguments.

According to reports (I haven't verified) we currently have zombied
boxes being used for spam distribution.  This cannot be very surprising.
Adding external controls like RMX and other forms of authentication
simply increases the value proposition to (criminal) spammers to upgrade
their zombie-based tools to extract seemingly-valid data from the
compromised host's configuration (which, rather helpfully in Window's
case, is readily available in standard locations behind common APIs) for
use in the generated email.

RMX is not directly involved in this, it would merely be a tool, which
like any other authentication mechanism if deployed, would encourage
spammers down this course.  I'm not stating that RMX shouldn't be
deployed because of this threat, or even the converse.  The simple
progression of history and the asymptotic curve toward greater forgery
accuracy will force that progression.

> How does that help in giving the group a cogent view of what metrics
> should be used to evaluate other proposals.  

It doesn't.  Such metrics have been discussed, are largely listed in the
taxonomy, and are frequent points of assertion in threads here (a simple
case is my frequent jumping up and down that the UUCP/disconnected case
shouldn't be broken).  Read the list -- most of those metrics are stated
and endlessly restated in the form of assertion lobbying (frankly its
getting worse than Congress).

> I asked because if there is a viable methodology for determining these
> various methods they should be referenced in the requirements,
> additionally we could develop some threshold for viability. 

That would be wonderful.  However, I'm not sure that a clear and
comprehensive view of metrics and costs is possible, but I'm willing to
be convinced.

We're dealing with an international scene, which implies a rather
bizarre set of environmental concerns ranging from baroque privacy and
wiretap laws, business model invalidation, curious assessments of
deployment costs, customer perception, QoS and other service contracts,
disconnected (ala UUCP) and mobile operations (such as the recently
discussed laptops) and so on down the pipe.  Its a particularly hairy
field.  It may very well be that we can come up with __NO__ universally
deployed solution, and even can't come up with a solution which will
ever (10 years) achieve more than 50% penetration.  Frankly, I'd rate
any proposal which stands a respectable chance of 30% deployment in 5
years as a standing ovation run-away success, but I may be overly
cynical.

> BTW, I am not attempting to "recreate" anything ...

RMX is a nominative authority structure -- something I consider a large
step backwards.

> ... and I am not, during my analysis, limiting the solution set, at
> this point, to any particular approach.

Thanks.

>> Sorry, no.  Simply, it is neither worth my time or yours.  Arguments,
>> evaluations, and empirical evidence has been presented in the last
>> weeks which you have variously ignored, decreed as irrelevant, or
>> labeled as an acceptable cost.  I've no interest in repeating that
>> history when it is so readily available in the archives.  Not my job,
>> not my investment, not my interest.

> I do not engage in that type of analysis.  I do not 'decree' anything
> nor do have I even stated I advocate a particular proposal (though I
> am willing to work to evolve some toward viability).  

My apologies if I've been sloppy there.  Its quite possible that I've
conflated statements by you and others in the RMX thread.  <quick
review> Damn.  It looks like I have been sloppy there.  My very bad.
Please accept my apologies.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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To: Mike Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>
cc: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>, "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Message from Mike Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org> 
   of "Tue, 06 May 2003 22:30:11 PDT." <Pine.LNX.4.44.0305062223170.13020-100000@tamale.caltech.edu> 
References: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0305062223170.13020-100000@tamale.caltech.edu> 
X-face: ?<YUs-cNP1\Oc-H>^_yw@fA`CEX&}--=*&XqXbF-oePvxaT4(kyt\nwM9]{]N!>b^K}-Mb9
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Date: Tue, 06 May 2003 23:23:18 -0700

On Tue, 6 May 2003 22:30:11 -0700 (PDT) 
Mike Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org> wrote:

>> You are attempting to recreate top-down authority structures when
>> the natural (and proper?) tendency of the field in normal
>> legitimate use is for self-authenticating/identifying nodes, not
>> external nomination systems.

> But RMX isn't top-down at all!  

Sure it is.

> Each domain configures its own RMX records, on its own name servers,
> to authenticate its own outgoing mail.  

Right, with the implicit assumption that each domain validly controls
all mail sent in its name, or has reasonable control and expectation
that it can or even should be able to control all mail sent in its name.
I find those assumptions to be unsupportable and destructive.

> There is no new central authority.  

Sure there is, you're naming the holders of the DNS keys as the central
authority for the domain.  Not good.

> I'm not sure what you mean by "external nomination system."

DNS, as a system, is external to the edge nodes that generate mail.  It
is a nominative system in the very simple and direct sense of the word:
It assign authority by naming.

  "FOO is authorised to do XXX because I name FOO as being on the list
  of those who can do XXX."

>> Now, can we move on to digging out a proposal which has a chance of
>> being useful instead of beating dead horses?

> With all due respect, I think it's the fastest horse of the bunch
> right now.  

<shrug>  Its a question of thresholds.  

> But my mind is open--please feel free to suggest others.  I'm willing
> to weigh merits.

I'm partial to the Forward Chained Received: header proposal, but it
suffers significantly from percentage deployment problems (its value
increases exponentially as deployment approaches around 80% before
flattening).  Much as I may like the idea, that single characteristic
likely dooms it.  I'm currently drafting a consent token proposal which
has gotten some running consensus off-list.  I don't expect it to get a
whole lot of traction here as offers nothing at the MTA/transport level
as it is almost purely an MUA-level affair (there's an understandable
focus by the list on server- or transport- side solutions).

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 02:35:19 -0400

Err, Mike hate to break this to you, but I do have travel and I do operate 
my own MTA over the dialup. It's not as uncommon as you think.

At 10:22 PM 5/6/2003 -0700, wrote:
>Vernon,
>
>Do dialup or traveling users run their own MTA's over the dialup line?
>
>Nope--they have remote, permanent servers, which they access via POP or
>IMAP.  Somewhere, somehow, they rely on machines that are listening
>24/7.  I have such a machine myself.  Call it "BBS-style" if you like,
>but it's a present-day fact.



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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Daniel Erat'" <dan@erat.org>, "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RMX and MUAs
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Daniel,

Hadmut proposal of RMX starts it's checks on MAIL FROM.  I do not think most 
MTAs (and I could be wrong) that are compliant with SMTP specifications accept 
mail data without a MAIL FROM and a RCPT TO first.  I agree with your bit about 
spammers adding RMX, that to some is a good thing which MAY lead to better 
filtering.  On the other hand others argue that is a red herring, and still 
others argue that RMX records registered by spammers is antithetical to the 
purposes of this group.  You raise some valid (though previously addressed) 
points/concerns.

-e

On Wednesday, May 07, 2003 1:26 AM, Daniel Erat [SMTP:dan@erat.org] wrote:
> The RMX proposals that I've seen appear to be concerned solely with
> forged MAIL FROM addresses (as described in RFC 821).  I believe that
> most MUAs that are in widespread use only display From: headers (as
> described in RFC 822), and the majority of end-users are not aware of
> the existence of anything else.
>
> If RMX use becomes widespread, spammers will likely avoid rejections
> by adding RMX records for their own domains, using empty MAIL FROM
> addresses, and using forged MAIL FROM addresses belonging to domains
> that have not added RMX records.  I see nothing to prevent spammers
> from continuing to use forged RFC 822 From: addresses, though.  In
> light of this, how will an RMX implementation prevent spam or other
> mail with forged (from most users' perspectives) addresses from being
> just as rampant as is currently?
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Dave Crocker <dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Willfull and intentional misunderstandings
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 09:17:33 +0200

On Tue, May 06, 2003 at 02:53:43PM -0700, Dave Crocker wrote:
> 
> yup. the owner of the the From field domain has consented to permit the
> owner of the domain under which the mta runs to send email through the
> mta.
> 
> that's what I said.
> 
> so what is it that you thought was nonsense?

Exactly that, what you said above, that is nonsense. And you 
do repeat it again and again and again.



> has consented to permit the owner of the domain under which the mta runs 
                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

That is nonsense. An MTA doesn't run "under a domain", and
RMX doesn't permit anything to any owner of any domain.

Is that so difficult to understand?




Hadmut
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Cc: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, Harald@Alvestrand.no,
        paul.judge@ciphertrust.com, vern@icir.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] rhetoric style
Message-ID: <20030507075016.GB1597@danisch.de>
References: <20030506184656.GA3258@danisch.de> <200305062344.h46NijMm017997@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 09:50:16 +0200

On Tue, May 06, 2003 at 05:44:45PM -0600, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> 
> Doesn't that style of rhetoric voilate the IETF's rules? 


Let's do a simple experiment:

Take the mail archive of this mailing list. List all mails from
Vernon. I find about 355 within about 2 months.  These mails do not
contribute. They are jamming the mailing list with wrong technical
informations, heaps of useless informations, and absurd objections
against just everything which could bring this group to a result.

The conclusion is that Vernon's intention is to defeat any
success in finding a solution against Spam, thus to sabotage
this group. I do not see that the IETF and especially the 
ASRG working group is able to defend against such kind of
sabotage or work group jamming. Meanwhile people are starting
to use a stronger language to defend themselves.

A similiar effect happened with Dave. He is posting strong 
objectives against any technical proposal made on the list, 
but these objectives are just wrong. Dave has been asked by
several people in the background to read and understand the proposals 
before objecting them. He has been asked kindly, and he has been
asked with more intense. He still refused to stop spreading 
wrong technical informations about those proposal he wants to 
object. That is false propaganda. Several people tried to explain 
why he is wrong in a very kind and comprehensible way. He didn't
take that. But he still continues with objecting the proposals 
while using wrong technical informations. So if he doesn't understand
plain technical language, then there is no option to switching 
to a different language that he is willing to understand. If someone
is refusing to understand what people do explain, and is again
and again spreading wrong information in a way that appears
to be intentionally, in a way that is destructive for the working
groups success, and he still repeat it again and again, then it
must be allowed to say "That's crap." Because it is crap.

The sheer mass of nonsense posted to this group already keeps many
people from reading and following the group. It is impossible to 
pick the important information out of an ocean of noise and 
disinformation. And that's the intention some people have. 
The problem is, if you try to explain again and again, as
several people from the group did, this turns out to be 
contraproductive, because it helps those people to jam the
group with noise. Again, it must be possible to say "Stop this, 
this is crap". And if people do respond to such explanations in 
a way that is not reasonable, then it must be allowed to ask
"Are you stoned"?

Which procedures does IETF/IRTF have to defend against sabotage?
To defend against "Spamming" of the group mailing list?

Hadmut


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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Daniel Erat <dan@erat.org>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX and MUAs
Message-ID: <20030507081205.GC1597@danisch.de>
References: <20030507052628.GA2718@bok.har>
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 10:12:05 +0200

On Tue, May 06, 2003 at 10:26:28PM -0700, Daniel Erat wrote:

> If RMX use becomes widespread, spammers will likely avoid rejections
> by adding RMX records for their own domains, using empty MAIL FROM
> addresses, and using forged MAIL FROM addresses belonging to domains
> that have not added RMX records.  I see nothing to prevent spammers
> from continuing to use forged RFC 822 From: addresses, though.


This is indeed an important point (which I addressed in my draft).

The empty envelope sender address is a severe problem which 
could be abused by spammers, no doubt. This is broken by design
and not easy to fix. However, these mails are limited to a certain
class of error messages. There are other ways to cope with it,
e.g. could they be required to have a reply-to header to a 
message-id of a former message recently delivered. Or need to 
have a subject of an error message. But I do agree that this 
empty sender address is a design flaw (of SMTP).

Another problem is that MUAs do display the From: address only.
This is not a severe problem, since the RMX does not require
user interaction. RMX works without needing the MUA to display
the envelope sender address.

There are two reasons why my draft didn't cover the From: address:

- The receiving MTA simply doesn't know it before receiving the
  full message body. RMX was designed to be effective in a very
  early state of message transmission, i.e. after MAIL FROM

- The semantic of the From: header line is not very clear, especially
  in context of forwarding, mailing lists and "message bouncing".

  Take this particular message you are reading right now (you
  get it twice, take the version that came from the mailing list processor)
  It comes from the ASRG mailing list, so it has an envelope sender
  address from ietf.org. That's what is used to be verified by RMX.

  But the From: header line says hadmut@danisch.de, because that's
  the message's content. The sender of the message is ietf.org, and
  it says the author of the body is hadmut@danisch.de. 

  It is this subtile difference in semantic that makes it difficult
  to use the From: header line for authentication. 

  If you want to have transfer authenticity, you need to use
  the transfer address (e.g. RMX)

  If you want to have content related authenticity, you need to 
  use the body address (e.g. with PGP or S/MIME). This does provide
  a very high level of security, but it is unrealistic to believe
  that we could get this deployed world wide.


Hadmut




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Subject: Re: [Asrg] rhetoric style
To: "Hadmut Danisch"  <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 09:19:38 +0100

> Again, it must be possible to say "Stop this, 
> this is crap". And if people do respond to such explanations in 
> a way that is not reasonable, then it must be allowed to ask
> "Are you stoned"?
> 

It's nice to be smart, but it's smart to be nice.




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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 10:29:54 +0200

As I stated earlier and in my RMX draft, content filters
are prone to be abused for censorship. 

A few minutes ago I've sent a message to the list and
a few participants about rhetoric style. I guess everybody
will agree that this message was new (freshly created) and
not a kind of bulk mail.

I received an error message from my delivering MTA:

   ----- The following addresses had permanent fatal errors -----
vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com
    (reason: 550 5.7.1 REJECT go away: Sent to DCC)

   ----- Transcript of session follows -----
... while talking to calcite.rhyolite.com.:
>>> DATA
<<< 550 5.7.1 REJECT go away: Sent to DCC
554 5.0.0 Service unavailable



If you read the web page of DCC, then this is not based on 
certain words contained in the message, but on checksums. 
So the error message above can't be caused by the text
of the message. This particular message was reported to the DCC
as being Spam. So every customer of DCC will not receive that
message anymore. The delivery of the message over the list
is slightly delayed. So when list members do receive that message, 
the DCC will already report it as Spam and block it. 

From my point of view this is private censorship and that's why
I don't like those systems. 

Hadmut



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] rhetoric style 
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 02:07:50 -0700

On Wed, 07 May 2003 09:19:38 +0100 
Jon Kyme <jrk@merseymail.com> wrote:

>> Again, it must be possible to say "Stop this, this is crap". And if
>> people do respond to such explanations in a way that is not
>> reasonable, then it must be allowed to ask "Are you stoned"?

> It's nice to be smart, but it's smart to be nice.

Self restraint is a wonderful thing.  Killfiles can be a useful tool.
This list could use a greater application of both.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Content filter abuse for censorship 
In-Reply-To: Message from Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> 
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 02:06:17 -0700

On Wed, 7 May 2003 10:29:54 +0200 
Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> wrote:

> <<< 550 5.7.1 REJECT go away: Sent to DCC 

> If you read the web page of DCC, then this is not based on certain
> words contained in the message, but on checksums. 

In practice Vernon is more generous with his definitions regarding what
gets matched and what gets reported than the DCC pages report.  This is
his perogative as a private mail system operator.

> This particular message was reported to the DCC as being Spam. So
> every customer of DCC will not receive that message anymore. 

There is not requirement for sites running DCC to use its as absolute
spam markers.  Most that I've seen use DCC as a hinting mechanism, one
factor among several, not an absolute flag.

> From my point of view this is private censorship and that's why I
> don't like those systems.

I do not think that censorship means what you think it does.  Please
check a good dictionary.

What are you saying here?

  That someone should not elect what mail they are willing to receive or
  not?

  That someone should not state the criteria on which they decide what
  mail to receive or not?

  That someone should not state the actual decisions they made regarding
  mail they receive?

  That someone should not listen to the criteria or decisions another
  makes regarding their mail, and then factor that into their own mail
  policies in whatever manner they wish?

There are slippery free speech issues in here.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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To: "Bob Atkinson" <bobatk@exchange.microsoft.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 20:37:48 -0400

At 4:53 PM -0700 5/6/03, Bob Atkinson wrote:
>Among my confused thoughts are the following questions: What were the
>steps that led to a mail address and mail server in my hotel room? Which
>part of the hotel's policy forced me into that? Does any hotel actually
>do this? In your understanding, which SMTP server is the STMP client on
>my laptop talking to in order to send it's mail?

Hotel and travel systems (e.g. T-Mobile in Starbucks) often intercept 
port 25 and send the mail out via their own mail server.  Presumably 
they do this so that they can rate-limit and keep spammers off their 
network. In fact some commercial systems for hotels not only 
intercept port 25, they take a look at what you are trying to connect 
to and create a fake network tailored to your laptop--so you don't 
even have to use DHCP.

Otherwise I'd say SMTP AUTH is a perfectly good solution.  But what 
you're running into is that ISPs spam-prevention systems are getting 
in the way of longer term solutions.

All of which reinforces something I believe more and more as I watch 
th is group.  That what ASRG should be doing is not trying to solve 
the spam problem at all--but rather setting interoperability 
standards so that all of the existing spam solutions don't end up 
creating a crazy quilt mess.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough?
Cc: "'Barry Shein'" <bzs@world.std.com>, Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>,
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Date: Tue, 6 May 2003 20:44:10 -0400

At 8:18 PM -0400 5/6/03, Eric D. Williams wrote:
>  > No, the problem is that this spoofing is a minor problem and any
>>  solution is easily evaded by spammers.
>
>Please explain how.  I think as an exercise it would be instructive to give an
>example of how a spoofing solution would be evaded (easily).  I agree that

You keep a variety of name servers around the net.  You register a 
new domain every day (or week, or however often you need to avoid 
blocking).  And each day you send authorized email "from" the new 
domain, using an authorization server that allows mail from any IP 
address.

There are already spammers that do the first part.  Second part seems 
easy enough.

Mind you, I'd love to have anti-spoofing.  I think a lot of companies 
would like the peace of mind it gives, and god knows I don't need any 
more letters from RIAA members telling me that somewhere.com is 
stealing their stuff.  I also think that moving spammers into a 
corner (registering real domains) is interesting.  Although in 
practice I haven't found those spammers any easier to track down than 
any others.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org, jmunoz@ietf.org
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Subject: [Asrg] Directing ASRG Activity
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 08:24:45 -0400

I just have been a member of the mailing list for a few days and what I 
have seen appalled me. It seems that a small "clique" of people are the 
only ones participating, and half of their discussions are squabbles and 
personal attacks against each other. It is very hard to get any word in or 
any meaningful discussion to be held.

Hereby in accordance with RFC 2014 ("IRTF Research Group Guidelines"), 
section 5.1 and 5.3, I would like to formally request that the IRTF and 
ASRG Chairs steps in and starts directing the working group. Below is the 
relevant section from the RFC:

5.1. IRTF Chair

    The IRTF Chair is responsible for ensuring that  Research Groups
    produce coherent, coordinated, architecturally consistent and timely
    output as a contribution to the overall evolution of the Internet
    architecture.  In addition to the detailed tasks related to  Research
    Groups outlined below, the IRTF Chair may also from time to time
    arrange for topical workshops attended by the IRSG and perhaps other
    experts in the field.

    Planning

       The IRTF Chair monitors the range of activities.  This may include
       encouraging the formation of Research Groups directly, rather than
       waiting for proposals from IRTF participants.

    Coordination of Research Groups

       The IRTF Chair coordinates the work done by the various Research
       Groups.

    Reporting

       The IRTF Chair reports on IRTF progress to the to the IAB and the
       wider Internet community (including via the IMR).

    Progress tracking

       The IRTF Chair tracks and manages the progress of the various
       Research Groups with the aid of a regular status report on
       documents and accomplishments from the Research Group Chairs. The
       resulting reports are made available to the community at large at
       regular intervals.

5.3. Research Group Chair

    The Research Group Chair is concerned with making forward progress in
    the areas under investigation, and has wide discretion in the conduct
    of Research Group business.  The Chair must ensure that a number of
    tasks are performed, either directly or by others assigned to the
    tasks.  This encompasses at the very least the following:

    Ensuring the Research Group process and content management

       The Chair has ultimate responsibility for ensuring that a Research
       Group achieves forward progress.  For some  Research Groups, this
       can be accomplished by having the Chair perform all management-
       related activities.  In other  Research Groups -- particularly
       those with large or divisive participation -- it is helpful to
       allocate process and/or secretarial functions to other
       participants.  Process management pertains strictly to the style
       of Research Group interaction and not to its content.  The
       secretarial function encompasses preparation of minutes, and
       possibly editing of group-authored  documents.

    Moderate the Research Group email list

       The Chair should attempt to ensure that the discussions on this
       list are relevant and that not devolve to "flame" attacks or rat-
       hole into technical trivia.  The Chair should make sure that
       discussions on the list are summarized and that the outcome is
       well documented (to avoid repetition).

    Organize, prepare and chair face-to-face and on-line formal meetings

       The Chair should plan and announce meetings well in advance.  (See
       section on Meeting Planning for procedures.)

    Communicate results of meetings

       The Chair and/or Secretary must ensure that minutes of a meeting
       are taken.

    Distribute the work

       It is expected that all Research Group participants will actively
       contribute to the work of the group. Research Group membership is
       expected to be a long term commitment by a set of motivated
       members of the research community.  Of course, at any given time
       more of the work is likely to be done by a few participants with
       particular interests, set of skills and ideas. It is the task of
       the Chair to motivate enough experts to allow for a fair
       distribution of the workload.

    Document development

       Research Groups produce documents and documents need authors.
       However, authorship of papers related to the work of a Research
       Group is one of the primary reasons that researchers become
       members, so finding motivated authors should not be a problem.
       It is up to the Research Group to decide the authorship of papers
       resulting from Research Group activities.  In particular,
       authorship by the entire group is not required.

    Document publication

       The Chair and/or Secretary will work with the RFC Editor to ensure
       documents to be published as RFCs conform with RFC publication
       requirements and to coordinate any editorial changes suggested by
       the RFC Editor.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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        Asrg@ietf.org, jmunoz@ietf.org, brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Directing ASRG Activity 
In-Reply-To: Message from Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> 
   of "Wed, 07 May 2003 08:24:45 EDT." <5.2.0.9.2.20030507081532.00b9fcb8@pop.pocketmail.com> 
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 08:41:15 -0400

It wouldn't hurt to partition the belief systems, some of which might revist
very well traveled terrain, and some of which might do something useful.


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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 06 May 2003 23:23:18 PDT."
             <22331.1052288598@kanga.nu> 
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 09:08:10 -0400

J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu> wrote:
> > Each domain configures its own RMX records, on its own name servers,
> > to authenticate its own outgoing mail.  
> 
> Right, with the implicit assumption that each domain validly controls
> all mail sent in its name, or has reasonable control and expectation
> that it can or even should be able to control all mail sent in its name.
> I find those assumptions to be unsupportable and destructive.

  Nonsense.  It's not about control, it's about consent.

  When you receive a message with an envelope 'from' in a domain, has
that domain consented to the use of it's name?  Right now, we don't
know.  With something like RMX, the owners of that domain can make
their consent explicit.

  Your objections appear to be based on the idea that establishing
consent is a bad thing.  Further, you appear to be claiming that a
domain does NOT control the use of it's name (i.e. mail sent in it's
name), and that there's no reason why it should.

  Stated that way, your objections appear ..., well, surprising.

> > There is no new central authority.  
> 
> Sure there is, you're naming the holders of the DNS keys as the central
> authority for the domain.  Not good.

  So the people controlling DNS for a domain are NOT, in fact,
authorized to make any statements about the domain.  They're not
authorized to set up RMX records, and most likely also not authorized
to set up existing MX records.  If that's true, why the heck are they
controlling DNS?

  Is this really your position?  The people controlling MX records do
not have authority to add RMX records?

  I think you'll understand that I'm a little confused by what you're
saying.

> DNS, as a system, is external to the edge nodes that generate mail.

  The proponents of RMX have specifically and repeatedly addressed the
interactions of "edge nodes that generate mail" with RMX, and thus
DNS.  Please go back and read those statements before repeating
objections which have already been addressed.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Content filter abuse for censorship
References: <20030507082954.GA3038@danisch.de>
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 07:21:49 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>

> ...
> If you read the web page of DCC, then this is not based on 
> certain words contained in the message, but on checksums. 
> So the error message above can't be caused by the text
> of the message. This particular message was reported to the DCC
> as being Spam. So every customer of DCC will not receive that
> message anymore. The delivery of the message over the list
> is slightly delayed. So when list members do receive that message, 
> the DCC will already report it as Spam and block it. 
>
> >From my point of view this is private censorship and that's why
> I don't like those systems. 

That is mistaken.  The DCC does not detect spam.  Instead, the DCC
detects bulk mail.  Local whitelists are used to determine whether
mail determined by the DCC to be bulk is solicited or unsolicited.
Sending a message to the DCC says only "this message was awfully
bulky."  Mailing list traffic is also bulky, which is why the sample
whitelists for the DCC include this mailing list.

Only if Mr. Danisch sends the same message to me and to another mailbox
protected by the DCC and only if the message is not whitelisted for
some reason such as coming via this mailing list should the copy to
the other mailbox be rejected.   

Personal mail from Mr. Danisch is not desired in my vincinity if only
to help me not contribute to the tone of this list.  If he will refrain
from trying to send mail to me, he will stop seeing that SMTP rejection
(not "bounce" in the misunderstanding of SMTP of another contributor).

Using the DCC to tag mail as awfully bulky is useful against those
who send the same message from more than apparent sources.  Some people
respond to an SMTP rejection by resending the message from sources
not obviously associated with the first source.  And then there are
spammers who don't care about SMTP rejections but just send many copies.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Content filter abuse for censorship 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 07 May 2003 02:06:17 PDT."
             <27830.1052298377@kanga.nu> 
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 09:27:49 -0400

J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu> wrote:
> > This particular message was reported to the DCC as being Spam. So
> > every customer of DCC will not receive that message anymore. 
> 
> There is not requirement for sites running DCC to use its as absolute
> spam markers.  Most that I've seen use DCC as a hinting mechanism, one
> factor among several, not an absolute flag.

  So Vernon has exposed the true intent of DCC: It's a shared system
of filtering material which is objectionable to the participants.

  That intent is light-years away from spam filtering.  Maybe I'll
sign up for DCC, and submit messages I don't like from ASRG.

> > From my point of view this is private censorship and that's why I
> > don't like those systems.
> 
> I do not think that censorship means what you think it does.  Please
> check a good dictionary.

  I've got a bunch (2 linear feet, to be precise).  It's censorship.

  If Vernon wanted to ignore Hadmut, he would simply discard the
message.  Since he has told others about his opinions, and requested
them (through DCC) to follow his example, it's an attempt by Vernon to
censor Hadmut throughout the DCC system.

> What are you saying here?
> 
>   That someone should not elect what mail they are willing to receive or
>   not?
>
>   That someone should not state the criteria on which they decide what
>   mail to receive or not?
>
>   That someone should not state the actual decisions they made regarding
>   mail they receive?

  Don't be an idiot.  This isn't about Vernon discarding Hadmut's
message, or about Vernon telling Hadmut that his message was
discarded.  It's about Vernon telling *others* to discard Hadmut's
message.
 
>   That someone should not listen to the criteria or decisions another
>   makes regarding their mail, and then factor that into their own mail
>   policies in whatever manner they wish?

  Hadmut made no statement about the people who use DCC.  Your
objections are most ingenious: Plausible on the surface, but subtly
missing the point, so as to give a completely distorted view of
Hadmut's behaviour.

> There are slippery free speech issues in here.

  Not in my country.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 15:22:17 +0200

On Wed, May 07, 2003 at 08:24:45AM -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> I just have been a member of the mailing list for a few days and what I 
> have seen appalled me. It seems that a small "clique" of people are the 
> only ones participating, and half of their discussions are squabbles and 
> personal attacks against each other. It is very hard to get any word in or 
> any meaningful discussion to be held.

You are absolutely right, you observed this very well.

This working group was under a certain kind of attack from the 
very begining. It once was going to become a technical forum where
different people were presenting different proposals and different
approaches about how to understand and fight against Spam. This is
how research and engineering should be.

Unfortunately the group was jammed by only a few (really, only
a hand full of) persons who started to attack and counterfight
any single technical thought, draw every discussion thread to a 
completely different subject and to especially cover any contribution
with a thick layer of noise. Have a look at the discussion
archive. Try to find the technical and research related
contributions. They are there, but try to find them.

Ironically, it was just the Anti-Spam working group which was 
spoiled by a certain kind of Spam. On one hand, that's a pity. 
On the other hand, take it as a (unintended) result of research.
From my point of view, this gave a good example of sabotage of
open working groups, which might also be seen as one aspect of Spam.

The reasons for objecting any effort to get rid of Spam are different,
as I learned from that group, from background, and from positive and
negative comments to my draft:

- lazyness, people don't want to clean up and organize their 
  network or change their internet lifestyle 

- political/freedom of speech: Some people believe that any kind 
  of restriction to sending arbitrary e-mail (address and message
  body) is a violation of freedom of speech

- business: Lots of people earn money with Spam or selling 
  content filters. That's a billion dollar market as we learned 
  at the last group meeting in SF. Solving the Spam problem in 
  a simple way would defeat that market.

  Some parties commercially depend on their particular business
  solution against Spam. Finding a world wide standard solution 
  would bring them in trouble.


So this particular working group is working against strong existing
interests (has this ever happened before with an IETF/IRFT working
group?) and therefore without any doubt being antagonized. 

Maybe the result of this research group is not only the end of 
a completely open mail system. It might also be the end of an 
open group system like IETF/IRTF. 

Take it as a result of research.

Hadmut


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On Tuesday, May 06, 2003 8:38 PM, Kee Hinckley [SMTP:nazgul@somewhere.com] 
wrote:
8<...>8
> All of which reinforces something I believe more and more as I watch
> th is group.  That what ASRG should be doing is not trying to solve
> the spam problem at all--but rather setting interoperability
> standards so that all of the existing spam solutions don't end up
> creating a crazy quilt mess.

That may be true.  I think that is a valuable goal, though not a requirement.

-e
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 07:47:57 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Mike Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>

> ...
> Do dialup or traveling users run their own MTA's over the dialup line?
>
> Nope--they have remote, permanent servers, which they access via POP or
> IMAP.  Somewhere, somehow, they rely on machines that are listening
> 24/7.  I have such a machine myself.  Call it "BBS-style" if you like,
> but it's a present-day fact.

That is a common mode, but not the only one.  Some travelers and
certainly some diaup users run MTAs over dialup lines.

> ...
> Nobody's outlawing anything.  If Hotmail wants people to stop forging
> their name on mail, then yes, they need to make sure that remote users
> send via their mail servers.

Perhaps my use of "outlaw" was a bad choice.  I meant "practically
prohibit" instead of anything about laws.  Isn't the intent of the
RMX proposal to practically prohibit using a domain name other that
of the reverse DNS name or a few other special cases?

Your use of "forge" is clearly a bad choice.  "Forgery" is about
fraud.  See http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?va=forgery
While some uses of Hotmail sender addresses are "forged," a substantial
number, even in spam, are not.  It is not "forgery" to use one of your
Hotmail mailboxes as a sender value no matter from where you send the
message.

>                               They have a wide variety of commonly-used
> avenues for implementing this.  Their webmail users don't have to change
> anything.  If hotmail admins still want people to be able to send
> hotmail from other machines, they can provide smtp-auth service.  How
> does this become a problem?

In practice, I think it would be impossible for Hotmail to provide
SMTP-AUTH.  First is that the problems of managing the authenticating
shared secrets for millions of users with an incredibly high "churn"
rate would be killers.  Second, many Hotmail users could not use
SMTP-AUTH because SMTP-AUTH uses port 25 which is more commonly filtered
for users likely to pick a free provider than others.

Yes, when port 25 is filtered, running your own out-going MTA also
doesn't work,  There is also SUBMIT which uses port 587.



> VS> Another common case involves people traveling.  If you plug your laptop
> VS> into the network of a hotel or one of your consulting clients, you
> VS> might prefer to use an envelope and From header address at your home
> VS> systems instead of room1234@losangeles.merriot.com or guest@example.com.
>
> So they send the mail through their own office's mail servers.  Again,
> no problem.

That's a problem or not depending on how they normally send mail.


> ...
> Hotmail has a strong incentive to adopt RMX records--it would give them
> the ability to prevent spammers to send mail claiming to come from
> hotmail.com.  Which means potential recipients of hotmail.com mail would
> stop thinking they're the source of all the world's spam.

How do you know that incentive is strong for Hotmail?  How do you know
it is stronger than the prospect of driving away at least some users?

> I tend to disagree with the implication that having RMX would drive away 
> any significant number of hotmail users.  Most of them simply access the 
> webmail interface; since hotmail does not forward, they need to use it to 
> read their email anyway.

Most of the people I know who use Hotmail return addresses do not
use Hotmail's systems to send mail.


> >   - it assumes that you can't already decide to accept mail with Hotmail
> >       sender addresses only if it comes from a Hotmail SMTP client.  In
> >       fact it is common to check that the source of Hotmail mail is
> >       Hotmail.
>
> Sure, you can search on the web to find what hotmail.com's outgoing mail
> servers are, and set up special filters on your system to only accept mail
> from hotmail.com provided it arrives from one of those.  The system works
> for hotmail.com--and only hotmail.com--until they change the IP addresses
> of their mail servers, at which time they seem unlikely to inform you.

That is wrong.  The common procedure has nothing to do with web
searching but is comparing the reverse DNS name of the STMP client
with the envelope sender domain.  That works for many and probably
most major free providers as a sort of self-fullfilling prophecy.
Many people who might use the RMX have imposed this check on mail from
major free providers for many years.


> Why not just use RMX, which automates all of this?

Because the reverse DNS check already automates it?


> ...
> >   - if you want to mark systems that follow Paul's convention so that
> >       you know which don't, you could pick a large MX preference that
> >       its extremely unlikely to be used for anything today.  For
> >       example, I bet that among the millions of MX RRs today, none
> >       has the preference 65391.
>
> This is a reasonable alternative, but isn't it simpler to post RMX records
> instead?  Rather than introducing a new special case in an existing RR,
> you introduce an RR for that purpose.

That seems clear and unambiguous, but I can't believe I understand it.
Do you really mean to claim that creating a new RR type is not vastly
more difficult than special casing an unused MX preference but easier?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Precedence headers and spam
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 08:03:42 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>


> ...
> as part of an overall solution. If we utilize some form of a RMX/rDNS 
> system, there is still an issue of dealing with the email arriving from 

> ...
> either here or elsewhere on the Net: assigning priority to each message. 
> Messages with different priority levels can be routed accordingly, possible 
> spam can be delayed by a significant number of hours or days during which 
> the spammer's website and email accounts will be probably terminated by 
> their ISP. Legitimate email will still get through, but the inherent 
> "slowness" will force the senders to complain to their ISP to switch over 
> to a RMX or rDNS system.
>
> There are already two headers mentioned in RFC 2076, section 3.9: 
> "Priority:" and "Precedence:" According to RFC 2076 these headers "can 
> ...

I don't understand the idea  It can't be that spam either would or
would not have a Priority or Precedence header as it comes from the
spammer, since spammers would immediately add or not the required
header.  Do you mean that a receiving MTA would add or adjust a header
based on RMX or reverse DNS checking, and then delay or expedite the
message based the value in the header?  Problems I see with that idea are:

  - There's no need for the receiving MTA to add headers.  It could
   must segregate incoming messages, such as into sendmail queue
   directories.  You could delay the processing of some queues.

  - There will be at least as many complaints from local users about
   the delays than from remote users to the remote users' ISPs.  

  - What do you do with spam after it has been delayed, deliver it?
   Or is the idea only to delay and penalize any and all mail with
   RMX/rDNS support by sending MTAs to speed up the transition to
   common support for RMX/rDNS?

  - If you accept the mail and then delay it, it doesn't matter whether
   the spammers accounts have been terminated as far as spam victim is
   concerned.  It's also a stretch to say that the spammer's accounts
   would be terminated within hours or even days.  Many spammers have
   what they call "bulllet proof bandwidth."  Then there are the senders
   of unsolicited bulk advertising including Topica, Roving Software,
   RealNetworks, American Express, and most DMA members (according to
   the DMA if not most DMA members themselves).  There is no prospect
   of the accounts of those organizations being terminated.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 09:36:58 -0500
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When it comes to the authority for your domain, the holder of the DNS keys is 
great God almighty.  Everything in your domain is controlled by that.  That 
person can re-route all your incoming e-mail to timbuktu.example.com and 
point your web site to nakedteens.example.com.  An untrustworthy DNS admin 
can totally remove you from the internet.

So, yes, I think they can be trusted with this little thing too.

On Wednesday 07 May 2003 01:23 am, J C Lawrence wrote:
> Sure there is, you're naming the holders of the DNS keys as the central
> authority for the domain.  Not good.

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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 10:34:09 -0400

Yakov, 

I appreciate your feedback and your interest in contributing.

There are a number of work items being pursued and ideas that have been
proposed. However, overall it is difficult to identify the productive
conversations as a newcomer and also difficult to follow them from there. 

I am very much aware of the guidelines in RFC 2014 and have been working
diligently towards them including "ensuring the research group process and
content management" as well as "moderating the research group email list".
Please view the history of messages that I have posted on the mailing list
and you will notice that I have set forth the work items of the ASRG and
sought volunteers for each of these items. Some are actively being pursued
while others are not. I also set forth a labeling technique to help people
follow the different threads. Some participants used it while others decided
not to comply. As far as flaming, in the past, I responded to such threads
to the list to stop the debate. Recently, I have been responding to the
involved parties off-list. Even in situations that are not flaming, but are
individuals continuing to pursue unproductive conversation such as Dave
Crocker's recent rants about RMX, I have held off-list conversations to move
those debates off of the list until they turn productive. Recently, I began
active moderation of certain participants using the mailing list software.
The list of participants that are moderated in this manner will increase.
Persons are not happy about being included on this list, however the
productivity of this list is more important than my popularity on this list.
The purpose of this group is to contribute to solving the spam problem. I
realize that not everyone on this list has that as a priority; therefore, I
will be more stringent in determining persons that are acting in a manner
contrary to this goal and eliminate the negative effect that they have on
this group. 

One issue is that when people make clearly erroneous claims that are
unproductive, we, the productive members of this group, must refrain from
being pulled into that conversation. Once such a debate begins, it is
difficult to determine the victim.

Another thing that we will have going soon is an active website for the
group that contains all of the documents such as the list of work items,
inventory of problems, requirements, the taxonomy, and the set of solutions
that have been proposed. This will help everyone understand the status and
focus of the group especially newcomers.

This group has made progress thus far and this is just the beginning. Please
remember that this group is only two months old. We did not expect to have
the problem solved in two months. This group is not about pitching a random
set of proposals and claiming that the problem is solved. Please understand
from the charter that the phases of this group are: 1)understanding the
problem, 2)proposing and gathering solutions, and 3)evaluting those
solutions. We are positioned to have the most effect on the problem of any
previous effort. We should understand that our members include a set of the
largest ISPs, email server software providers, and virtually every anti-spam
solution provider. This as well as the relationships with spam legal
experts, email service providers, and anti-spam organizations creates a
unique ability to affect the problem and we will. 

If anyone has any other ideas towards making this group as effective as
possible, please send them directly to me. Also, if anyone wishes to
volunteer to take a more active role in these activities such as summarizing
threads etc., let me know.

Regards,
Paul

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, May 07, 2003 8:25 AM
> To: ASRG Chair; IRTF Chair
> Cc: Asrg@ietf.org; jmunoz@ietf.org
> Subject: Directing ASRG Activity
> 
> 
> I just have been a member of the mailing list for a few days 
> and what I 
> have seen appalled me. It seems that a small "clique" of 
> people are the 
> only ones participating, and half of their discussions are 
> squabbles and 
> personal attacks against each other. It is very hard to get 
> any word in or 
> any meaningful discussion to be held.
> 
> Hereby in accordance with RFC 2014 ("IRTF Research Group 
> Guidelines"), 
> section 5.1 and 5.3, I would like to formally request that 
> the IRTF and 
> ASRG Chairs steps in and starts directing the working group. 
> Below is the 
> relevant section from the RFC:
> 
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From: "Daniel Erat" <dan@erat.org>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX and MUAs
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 07:43:10 -0700

On Wed, May 07, 2003 at 10:12:05AM +0200, Hadmut Danisch wrote:
[snip]
> Another problem is that MUAs do display the From: address only.
> This is not a severe problem, since the RMX does not require user
> interaction. RMX works without needing the MUA to display the
> envelope sender address.
> 
> There are two reasons why my draft didn't cover the From: address:
> 
> - The receiving MTA simply doesn't know it before receiving the
>   full message body. RMX was designed to be effective in a very
>   early state of message transmission, i.e. after MAIL FROM
> 
> - The semantic of the From: header line is not very clear, especially
>   in context of forwarding, mailing lists and "message bouncing".
> 
>   Take this particular message you are reading right now (you get it
>   twice, take the version that came from the mailing list processor)
>   It comes from the ASRG mailing list, so it has an envelope sender
>   address from ietf.org. That's what is used to be verified by RMX.
> 
>   But the From: header line says hadmut@danisch.de, because that's
>   the message's content. The sender of the message is ietf.org, and
>   it says the author of the body is hadmut@danisch.de. 
> 
>   It is this subtile difference in semantic that makes it difficult
>   to use the From: header line for authentication. 
> 
>   If you want to have transfer authenticity, you need to use
>   the transfer address (e.g. RMX)
> 
>   If you want to have content related authenticity, you need to 
>   use the body address (e.g. with PGP or S/MIME). This does provide
>   a very high level of security, but it is unrealistic to believe
>   that we could get this deployed world wide.

I understand why RMX is not able to examine RFC 822 headers.  My point
was that RMX does nothing to curtail the sending of messages with
forged 822 From: addresses.  Since this is the only sender address
that most users see, and the address that replies go to (in absence of
a Reply-To: or related header), I disagree with the assertion that
this is not a severe problem.

Even if it is conceded that widespread adoption of RMX will prevent
forged envelope MAIL FROM addresses of participating domains and that
this widespread adoption is feasible, it remains controversial that
RMX will cut down on the volume of spam being received (how will
blacklisting domains be more effective than the current method of
blacklisting ranges of IP addresses?).  What's to keep spammers from
using their own RMX records or an envelope from address belonging to a
domain that hasn't implemented RMX, along with forged 822 From:
addresses, to acheive the same effect that they do currently?  In the
second case (forged envelope address from non-RMX domain), even
assuming correct WHOIS data, how can the true identity of a spammer be
found through RMX?
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From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>
Reply-To: asrg@ietf.org
Organization: Vorteon, LLC
To: Dave Crocker <dcrocker@brandenburg.com>, Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>,
        Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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References: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0305051946590.11255-100000@tamale.caltech.edu> <20030506174446.GA2528@danisch.de> <44638027.20030506112811@brandenburg.com>
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On Tuesday 06 May 2003 01:28 pm, Dave Crocker wrote:
> But a rogue spammer who owns an MTA is free to list whatever other
> domain names it wants in the RMX.  So nasty-spammer.com is free to have
> an RMX entry for aol.com.

The recipient MTA is the one checking RMX records.  If nasty-spammer.com's DNS 
server has RMX records for aol.com then he can deliver spam to himself but 
when he tries to deliver it to me, my server will ask aol.com's servers for 
the RMX records and find that he is not an authorized aol.com mail server.

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From: "Hadmut Danisch" <hadmut@danisch.de>
> Let's do a simple experiment:
>
> Take the mail archive of this mailing list. List all mails from
> Vernon. I find about 355 within about 2 months.  These mails do not
> contribute. They are jamming the mailing list with wrong technical
> informations, heaps of useless informations, and absurd objections
> against just everything which could bring this group to a result.

I disagree.  While Vernon's emails are perhaps too frequent, I find that
they are on point and technically accurate.  He certainly disagreed with my
proposal (as did nearly everybody else), but his objections were based on
valid drawbacks to the plan and his comments were polite.

That said, I do think that each person should show restraint and not feel
the need to comment on each and every aspect of each proposal.  Many of the
posts are repetitive in nature.

For the record, here is a list of eveybody who has posted 5 or more messages
since I joined the list:
57 Vernon Schryver
45 J C Lawrence
39 Kee Hinckley
31 Ken Hirsch
31 Alan DeKok
23 Michael Rubel/Mike Rubel
23 Dave Crocker
20 Jim Youll
20 Barry Shein
14 Hallam-Baker, Phillip
14 Hadmut Danisch
14 Eric D. Williams
13 wayne
11 Scott Nelson
11 Larry Marks
11 Jon Kyme
 9 Andrzej Filip
 7 Yakov Shafranovich
 6 waltdnes
 6 Markus Stumpf
 6 Eric Brunner-Williams
 6 Bob Atkinson
 5 Olson, Margaret
 5 Daniel Feenberg
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 11:43:27 -0400


>From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
> > ...
> > as part of an overall solution. If we utilize some form of a RMX/rDNS
> > system, there is still an issue of dealing with the email arriving from
>
> > ...
> > either here or elsewhere on the Net: assigning priority to each message.
> > Messages with different priority levels can be routed accordingly, 
> possible
> > spam can be delayed by a significant number of hours or days during which
> > the spammer's website and email accounts will be probably terminated by
> > their ISP. Legitimate email will still get through, but the inherent
> > "slowness" will force the senders to complain to their ISP to switch over
> > to a RMX or rDNS system.
> >
> > There are already two headers mentioned in RFC 2076, section 3.9:
> > "Priority:" and "Precedence:" According to RFC 2076 these headers "can
> > ...
>
>I don't understand the idea  It can't be that spam either would or
>would not have a Priority or Precedence header as it comes from the
>spammer, since spammers would immediately add or not the required
>header.  Do you mean that a receiving MTA would add or adjust a header
>based on RMX or reverse DNS checking, and then delay or expedite the
>message based the value in the header?

My suggestion is for each MTA to adjust the header accordingly according to 
either formal guidelines or a local policy. For example, if a MTA receives 
a message from a trusted party (in a RMX/rDNS scheme) then it will trust 
the header set by that party, otherwise it will adjust it. Also, a side 
benefit of this, would be providing a standard way for all anti-spam 
software and filters to mark something as spam in a standard way.

>   Problems I see with that idea are:
>
>   - There's no need for the receiving MTA to add headers.  It could
>    must segregate incoming messages, such as into sendmail queue
>    directories.  You could delay the processing of some queues.

As I mentioned an additional benefit would be provided by standard header 
that it can be used by filters and anti-spam software to mark messages as 
spam. This way the MTA or the local agent that is delivering the mail does 
not have to define a custom interface to the anti-spam software.

>   - There will be at least as many complaints from local users about
>    the delays than from remote users to the remote users' ISPs.

That is very possible, I would have to think about this point some more. 
However, if enough complaints received to a local ISP, wouldn't that force 
the ISP in turn to complain to the remote ISP, thus speeding up adoption of 
RMX/rDNS?

>   - What do you do with spam after it has been delayed, deliver it?
>    Or is the idea only to delay and penalize any and all mail with
>    RMX/rDNS support by sending MTAs to speed up the transition to
>    common support for RMX/rDNS?

The intent is two fold: stop fly-by-night operations NOW by delaying their 
mail and in the future if any kind of authentication scheme or rDNS/RMX 
scheme is implemented, to speed up transition. And a side benefit of 
standardized spam headers.

>   - If you accept the mail and then delay it, it doesn't matter whether
>    the spammers accounts have been terminated as far as spam victim is
>    concerned.  It's also a stretch to say that the spammer's accounts
>    would be terminated within hours or even days.  Many spammers have
>    what they call "bulllet proof bandwidth."  Then there are the senders
>    of unsolicited bulk advertising including Topica, Roving Software,
>    RealNetworks, American Express, and most DMA members (according to
>    the DMA if not most DMA members themselves).  There is no prospect
>    of the accounts of those organizations being terminated.

These bulk senders are known and can be dealt with accordingly much like 
AOL suing CyberPromotions. My intent is to stop "fly-by-night" operations 
that use Nigerian scams, fake address, spoofing, domains names without 
whois information, etc. These kind of fly-by-night operations are usually 
shut down fast and move on elsewhere. If their mail is delayed that can 
severely cut into their profits and reduce the incentive to send spam.

Sincerely,
Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 10:58:57 -0500
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With regards to spoofing being a minor problem.
Out of 3130 denied messages 
(to accounts I had to stop because they were receiving 100% spam)
 @juno.com                                        |    36
 @netscape.com                                    |    38
 @email.com                                       |    40
 @excite.com                                      |    50
 @lycos.com                                       |    50
 @earthlink.net                                   |    71
 @msn.com                                         |    72
 @yemenmail.com                                   |    93
 @hotmail.com                                     |   241
 @aol.com                                         |   298
 @yahoo.com                                       |   311
Total | 1300

1300 out of 3130 = 41% of all my denies are very high likelyhood spoofs from 
the popular domains
1050 out of 3130 = 34% are guaranteed spoofs (The helo name is not remotely 
associated with the spoofed domain) from the popular domains.
(These numbers do not represent all spoofing I receive but rather just the 
spoofing to popular domains)

So it doesn't look like a minor problem to me.  Sure it is easy to avoid by
1. switching to domains that have not implemented RMX yet
2. by setting up your own domains
but in the first case the DNS admin would have a tool to fight them (he can 
configure his RMX records) and with the second there is a cost involved.

Assuming just the 11 domains and I implement RMX it becomes useful as I could 
receive messages from my friends and family that use those services.

On Tuesday 06 May 2003 05:26 pm, Barry Shein wrote:
> No, the problem is that this spoofing is a minor problem and any
> solution is easily evaded by spammers.

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 06 May 2003 21:37:02 EDT."
             <16056.25406.839834.632109@world.std.com> 
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 12:05:30 -0400

Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:
> See, if one doesn't understand their MO's one tends to imagine them
> only doing stuff that's easy and comfortable to think about.

  So the people coming up with proposals are stupid.

  That's a MUCH better argument than coming up with technical and
quantitative flaws in a proposal.

> My message, as someone who has sat on the front-lines of all this for
> many years, is:
> 
> a) Spam is more subtle than most people, even those who think they
> understand it, think.
> 
> b) It's unlikely a technical solution will ever work.

  Then please unsubscribe from the list, and get out of the way of
people who ARE trying to come up with a technical solution.

  Maybe a miracle will occur, and a solution you can't image will be
presented.  But that's less likely to occur if people sit here and
oppose every proposal, based on non-technical reasons.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 06 May 2003 21:43:57 EDT."
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 12:07:44 -0400

Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> I use a local STMP server to send mail. I travel a lot and use a cell phone 
> on the road. The cell phone provider doesn't provide me with a stable SMTP 
> server, so I use a local one (called PostCastServer) to send my email 
> directly to the recipients'  SMTP servers. My Internet provider at home 
> doesn't provide any email servers either, so I am kind of stuck. In a 
> RMX/rDNS world, would I have to pay to subscribe to a RMX-enabled SMTP 
> server instead of using my current setup?

  No, the people who provide you connectivity will be held responsible
for authenticating you, before your traffic reaches the network.

  This is no different than what happens today.  The only bone of
contention is that this explicit condition of consent now applies to
the content of SMTP traffic, where the envelope appears to be
misleading.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX and MUAs
Message-ID: <20030507160631.GA11071@danisch.de>
References: <20030507052628.GA2718@bok.har> <20030507081205.GC1597@danisch.de> <20030507144310.GA957@bok.har>
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 18:06:31 +0200

On Wed, May 07, 2003 at 07:43:10AM -0700, Daniel Erat wrote:
> I understand why RMX is not able to examine RFC 822 headers.  My point
> was that RMX does nothing to curtail the sending of messages with
> forged 822 From: addresses.  Since this is the only sender address
> that most users see, and the address that replies go to (in absence of
> a Reply-To: or related header), I disagree with the assertion that
> this is not a severe problem.


Well, RMX could be used to verify the From: address as well.
Feel free to ask your MTA to do another RMX lookup after 
receiving the message body (and before sending the reply code).
If you like it, you can do it.

My point is not, that RMX would not be able to provide that
kind of security. It could. 

My point is that this kind of security is something you certainly
do not really want to have in some cases. But if you really want,
feel free to use it for the From: address.


Hadmut
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Just came across this article reference at SlashDot.org:

http://slashdot.org/articles/03/05/07/1342245.shtml?tid=126&tid=111

The original article can be found at the Washington Post:

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A22390-2003May6.html

The article is as follows:
--------------------SNIP---------------------------
washingtonpost.com

EarthLink to Offer Anti-Spam E-Mail System
'Challenge-Response' Technology Rejects Messages Unless Senders Are Cleared 
by Recipients
By Jonathan Krim, Washington Post Staff Writer
Wednesday, May 7, 2003; Page E01

A system that backers claim will eliminate e-mail spam is about to be 
deployed by a major Internet service provider, giving a boost to an 
emerging technology that if widely adopted would change how people 
communicate online.

Atlanta-based EarthLink Inc., the country's third-largest provider of 
for-pay e-mail accounts, will roll out test versions of the system for its 
5 million subscribers this month.

Known as "challenge-response" technology, the system thwarts the ability of 
spammers to reach their intended audience with millions of automatically 
generated e-mails. When someone sends an e-mail to a challenge-response 
user, he or she gets an e-mail back asking to verify that the sender is a 
live person.

Once the sender does that by replicating a word or picture displayed on the 
screen, the original e-mail is allowed through. The system automatically 
recognizes future e-mails from the same sender, so the verification needs 
only to be performed once. Without the verification, the e-mail is not 
delivered.

Some experts see problems with the technology and doubt that consumers will 
warm to a process that adds another step to e-mail delivery. The technology 
is available from a handful of small vendors for a fee, but the customer 
base is small.
EarthLink is betting that customers will put up with a little extra effort 
in order to stem the tide of unsolicited messages pushing diet fads, 
get-rich schemes and pornography.

Like arch rivals America Online Inc., Microsoft Corp. and Yahoo Inc., 
EarthLink has spent millions of dollars developing software to block spam. 
But spammers have found ways to defeat them and spam accounts for 40 
percent of all e-mail.

"The limitations on filters are truly very daunting," said James Anderson, 
EarthLink's vice president of product development. Even as filters improve, 
users must constantly adjust them so that they don't block messages they 
want to receive, he said.

The challenge-response system will be optional and free for EarthLink 
subscribers, Anderson said. It will allow users to automatically clear the 
e-mail addresses of friends, family members and other associates in their 
electronic address books, so those people would not receive the challenge 
e-mail.

Executives at EarthLink's three top competitors, who recently formed a 
coalition to combat spam, said they are evaluating challenge-response 
technology. Yahoo and Microsoft's MSN and Hotmail networks already employ 
challenge-response when someone seeks to open an e-mail account.

Yahoo also recently started using a variation of the system when an account 
holder is sending high volumes of mail, to crack down on spammers using 
Yahoo accounts.

America Online spokesman Nicholas J. Graham said that for now, AOL is 
concerned about putting too many burdens on users and that the technology 
is "not a one-size-fits-all panacea."

In addition to requiring senders to verify themselves, users would have to 
use special e-mail addresses when registering to purchase goods online, 
because vendors often send sales confirmation notices by computer. The 
special addresses are designed to route such messages to a user's regular 
in-box.

The new system could slow delivery of some e-mail. For instance, a sender 
might walk away from his or her computer after sending an initial message, 
not noticing until hours later that a challenge had come back.
Phil Goldman, chief executive of Mailblocks Inc., a Silicon Valley start-up 
that provides a challenge-response service, said people will quickly get 
over those hurdles.

"It's about social habits," said Goldman, a former Microsoft executive 
whose service launched a month ago. "When the rotary telephone first came 
out, people said, 'You mean I have to dial seven numbers?' "

Goldman said developers of the Mailblocks system own patents on the 
challenge-response technology. His company already is seeking to enforce 
its two patents against another small provider of the technology, Spam 
Arrest LLC of Seattle.

Brian Cartmell, manager at Spam Arrest, said his company is vigorously 
contesting the Mailblocks claim. He said Spam Arrest, which has been 
operating since April 2002, has "many thousands" of customers but he 
declined to be more specific.

Anderson said Goldman's patent claims are "not relevant" to the product 
EarthLink developed inside the company.

Goldman acknowledged that the system is in its infancy and needs ongoing 
refinement. It is probably not best suited for businesses that sell 
directly to customers, he said, because consumers might resent having to 
send verification when they want to make a purchase.

Others see deeper problems.

"Challenge-response will indeed block the vast majority of spam," said John 
R. Levine, a computer consultant and co-author of "The Internet for 
Dummies." But he said a lot of people will never respond to a challenge, or 
will think the challenge e-mail itself is spam.
Levine said that already, spammers are disguising e-mails as challenges to 
get people to open the messages. And he worries that if large numbers of 
people begin to use the system, user address books will be a target of 
hackers seeking to obtain lists of approved addresses.

Some viruses launch attacks using computer address books, and if that 
happened, confidence in the challenge-response system would erode, Levine said.

"The consequences of spammers' response to challenge-response will be 
really ugly," Levine said.

Boosters of the system remain confident that challenge-response can 
effectively combat spammers' attempts to sabotage the process. "This is as 
close as there is to the silver bullet" against spam, Anderson said.

© 2003 The Washington Post Company
--------------------SNIP---------------------------


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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From: Jim Littlefield <little@abaqus.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for Fighting Spam
Message-ID: <20030507165256.GH4588@ragnarok.hks.com>
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 12:52:56 -0400

On Wed, May 07, 2003 at 12:33:05PM -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> Just came across this article reference at SlashDot.org:
> 
> http://slashdot.org/articles/03/05/07/1342245.shtml?tid=126&tid=111
> 
> The original article can be found at the Washington Post:
> 
> http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A22390-2003May6.html
> 
> The article is as follows:
> --------------------SNIP---------------------------
> washingtonpost.com
> 
> EarthLink to Offer Anti-Spam E-Mail System
> 'Challenge-Response' Technology Rejects Messages Unless Senders Are Cleared 
> by Recipients

[snip]

...and every EarthLink subscriber to a mailing list will stop receiving
their list mail because the list server software/administrator boots them.

-- 
Jim Littlefield             "There's a fine line between fishing and
                             standing on the shore looking like an
                             idiot." - Steven Wright
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed May  7 13:10:07 2003
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 07 May 2003 07:47:57 MDT."
             <200305071347.h47Dlv0K018312@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 13:20:35 -0400

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> Perhaps my use of "outlaw" was a bad choice.  I meant "practically
> prohibit" instead of anything about laws.  Isn't the intent of the
> RMX proposal to practically prohibit using a domain name other that
> of the reverse DNS name or a few other special cases?

  No.

  It's intent is that MTA recipients can choose to "qualify"
(i.e. filter or prohibit) mail from certain IP's, when that mail
appears to be forged.  Your objections to RMX appear to be based on a
refusal to change your network behaviour, and on your insistence that
everyone else must accept that behaviour.

  Even with RMX, you are perfectly free to ignore it's
recommendations.  What's got you upset, I believe, is the thought of
others discarding your messages which are not compliant to a standard
you don't support.  My response is "c'est la vie."

> Your use of "forge" is clearly a bad choice.  "Forgery" is about
> fraud.

  So how I tell the difference between a spam sent from a dial-up,
which is allegedly from you, and a non-spam message sent by you from a
neighbouring dial-up?

  In your world, I don't.  (Barring PGP, S/MIME, etc.) So my incentive
is to delete all such apparent forgeries as unverifiable.

> In practice, I think it would be impossible for Hotmail to provide
> SMTP-AUTH.  First is that the problems of managing the authenticating
> shared secrets for millions of users with an incredibly high "churn"
> rate would be killers.

  That's really for Hotmail to determine, isn't it?

> Second, many Hotmail users could not use SMTP-AUTH because SMTP-AUTH
> uses port 25 which is more commonly filtered for users likely to
> pick a free provider than others.

  So ASRG needs a BCP document, saying filtering port 25 is stupid,
and unhelpful.  Will you put your support behing such a document?

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for
 Fighting Spam
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 11:26:26 -0600

>From: Jim Littlefield <little@abaqus.com>
>
>...and every EarthLink subscriber to a mailing list will stop receiving
>their list mail because the list server software/administrator boots them.

Sorry if this has been talked about...Massive traffic has prevented my 
following the list closely.

The last pannel at the forum seemed to point to the importance of 
opt-in/opt-out, and ensuring that the wanted mail goes through. Mailing 
lists are opt-in, and a solution that takes care of these things would solve 
the problems associated with Challenge/Response.

Any whitelisting strategy is prone to spoofing, but if authentication 
strategys were used then spoofing wouldn't be a problem, but opt-ins would 
still be.

So this is what I see. 3 independant, unrelated, seperately upgradable, 
etc.. layers to stem the tide:

1 An authentication layer to ensure you know who is sending.
2 A responibly developed Challeng response system not prone to the simple 
fault mentioned in this list.
3 A method of allowing the user to opt-in, and out of any and all automated 
mailings.

I went to the ftc forum, and my expectations of choicelist changed. But i do 
see it as a viable #3. an essential part of a complete system.

Nobody had talked much about opt-in/opt-out issues on this list, but they 
were a major part of the forum. solving this will be important. I humbly 
re-propose choicelist as a way of managing opt-in/opt-out status...not as an 
ultimate answer as it is proposed, but as a starting point to something 
better.

User interface: www.choicelist.com
back end: www.pontifier.com/database.html

John Fenley

_________________________________________________________________
MSN 8 with e-mail virus protection service: 2 months FREE*  
http://join.msn.com/?page=features/virus

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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
cc: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Content filter abuse for censorship 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> 
   of "Wed, 07 May 2003 06:42:16 PDT." <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A301AE2449@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> 
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 10:30:25 -0700

On Wed, 7 May 2003 06:42:16 -0700  
Phillip Hallam-Baker <Hallam-Baker> wrote:

> The abuse of spam filtering for other purposes is endemic and is
> censorship by the definition in my dictionary, the OED. 

Certainly.  However it is also a function of free speech.  Given free
speech, people say regrettable things.  That's life, and is one of the
costs of free speech.  Ditto with mail filtering, and in particular,
ditto with spam filtering.

> Private censorhip may be legal but it is no better than government
> censorship. 

There is a critical difference in that private activity is elective.
The choice may be ignorant, or simply stupid, but it remains a choice,
freely exercised.  Such cannot be said for government mandate.

> The biggest problem with most of the filtering censorship is that it
> is unaccountable and silent. 

So are whispering campaigns, slander, and other forms of skulking
deception.  However, mandating and enforcing only public speech is not a
correct address.

> It is NOT acceptable to offer spam blocking with your own personal
> predjudices as to who has the right to a political voice built in as
> an unannounced addition.

Agreed.  However there is a difference between identifying that wrong
and mandating that nobody may publish their opinions, prejudices, etc as
to spam blocking.  

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] Let's start again at the beginning...
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I realize it's very exciting to think you're each going to be the one
who is going to gain fame and glory by solving the spam problem.

But it's not going to happen unless one understands the problem, the
actual mechanics of spam. Just knowing some SMTP and DNS etc and
having gotten some spam isn't enough.

More importantly, for a group to make progress there has to be some
common vision of what problem they're trying to solve. This group
isn't there yet.

Towards that end I think we need to first stop with the instant eureka
aren't I a genius solutions and spend some time on a taxonomy of spam
and what a solution might look like, glib responses such as "spam is
email I don't want" and "a solution is getting less email I don't
want" aside.

For example, we keep making references to header forgery, envelope
forgery, etc, they're certainly aspects.

What about abuse of BCC, abuse of RCPT TO (sticking dozens of
recipients in the envelope not in the header), dictionary attacks,
spam zombies (machines infected with viruses which turn them into
unwitting spam relays), open relays, proxies, spam-friendly ISPs,
real-time blocking, DNSBL, DNS spoofing and poisoning, wire-fraud
laws, current state of anti-spam legislation, rules of evidence
regarding these laws and how technical changes might improve the
quality of that evidence, etc.

How much spam is actual commercial (even if low-quality) enterprise,
and how much is just script kiddies harasssing sites knowing that if
you call in law enforcement as soon as they see the words "penis
enlargement" they patronize you and explain what spam is and hang up?
And the script kiddies get to laugh their butts off. How might
anything we do here help distinguish between the two?

Or are we all so certain we're all so expert and accurate in those and
all the other issues that we just have it in our heads and wham-o a
solution is going to pop out?

Did you know that a typical lifetime of a spammer's web site is under
two hours? How exactly do they do that?

etc.

Or we can continue with the testosterone stench trying desparately to
distract from the ignorance.

Been there, done that, passed on the T-shirt.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*
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To: asrg@ietf.org
cc: Mike Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>, "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Message from David Walker <antispam@grax.com> 
   of "Wed, 07 May 2003 09:36:58 CDT." <200305070936.58843@grx> 
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 10:35:21 -0700

On Wed, 7 May 2003 09:36:58 -0500 
David Walker <antispam@grax.com> wrote:
> On Wednesday 07 May 2003 01:23 am, J C Lawrence wrote:

>> Sure there is, you're naming the holders of the DNS keys as the
>> central authority for the domain.  Not good.

> When it comes to the authority for your domain, the holder of the DNS
> keys is great God almighty.  

Not quite.  They do not control the behaviour of the nodes within the
domain, and in particular, don't control sub-domains.  They control the
phone book, not what the companies there listed do, what they say over
the telephone, or what annotations others make against the phone book.

> An untrustworthy DNS admin can totally remove you from the internet.

Malfeasance at that level is easily demonstrated and rectified.  Bad
service at the level of, "I need to send mail from &CIDR;, please add an
RMX..." is much tougher, and in general can easily be covered in large
shops due to standard minimised rate change concerns.

> So, yes, I think they can be trusted with this little thing too.

We differ.  They have primary positive feedback loops to Do The Right
Thing with the Big Things.  Those controlling loops don't exist for the
small things.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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>That is mistaken.  Spammers can continue to use Hotmail and Yahoo drop
>boxes and to forge AOL's domain name while abusing open proxies on
>large dynamically addressed cable-modem and DSL networks that have at
>least one AOL, Hotmail, or Yahoo user.  Because those networks are
>dynamically addressed, an ISP with users on networks that allows third
>party sending (including AOL, Yahoo, and Hotmail) must set their RMX
>'bits' to say "authorized" for all addresses in such a network.  Thus,
>the hardest to filter spam can have good RMX bits.

Vernon repeatedly makes this claim, and I haven't a clue why (unless he's
forgotten the distinction between envelope headers and headers in the
content).

The users AOL, Hotnail, and so on want to keep are mostly not particularly
computer literate, and they probably don't know what an envelope From
address is.  The see the content From: header, of course, and may even use
the content ReplyTo header, but they almost certainly don't mind in the
least what the envelope From says.  So it would be perfectly reasonable for
the envelope From to contain an address in the domain from which the mail is
sent.  This would do no harm at all to AOL, Hotmail, etc. and wouldn't
require any change in their business model.  It would probably do them a lot
of good, since it's going to reduce the number of bounces they receive for
mail they didn't originate, and may even save their abuse desks some pain.
So the claim that AOL etc would have any desire or need to authorise any
addresses other than their own MTAs is blatant nonsense.

There is of course an issue with creating different envelope From headers on
your portable depending on which ISP you are using (and hence is assigning
your IP address) but I don't think it's insurmountable.

What AOL etc. would have trouble with is a system which required the
envelope From header to matchthe content From header, but even there they
coukd maybe educate their users to insert a replyto header.

>The only fix is to prohibit sending from any mail systems but those
>of the ISP that owns the IP address.  However, if you want to enforce
>that rule, you don't need any new RMX or other bits.  You need only
>compare reverse DNS and envelope sender domain names.  (Yes, reverse
>DNS can be faked, but that can be reasonably reliably detected by
>doing an extra forward lookup of the reverse name.)  (Yes, in some
>cases you must do a little more than just comparing the PTR and A RRs,
>such as fetching all PTR RRs or all A RRs for the PTR name.)

That doen't work unless you are the first MTA in the chain, since you don't
have the appropriate IP address (you have the address of the preceding MTA).
Assuming no-ons uing open relays, it might be possible to look for
relationships between the owner of the preceding MTA's IP address and
ownership of the IPA address reached by a forward lookup of teh envelope
from addresses domain, but that would have to use whois as well as DNS and
would be quite complicated.

>(This has nothing to do with my claim that to keep their users, Yahoo,
>Hotmail, and AOL must mark every IP address on the net as "authorized.")

Quite so. Unlike that claim, the idea off using IP addresses insteadof RMX
is not blatant nonsense.

Tom

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To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org> 
   of "Wed, 07 May 2003 09:08:10 EDT." <E19DOeY-0007Rt-00@mail.nitros9.org> 
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 11:06:47 -0700

On Wed, 07 May 2003 09:08:10 -0400 
Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org> wrote:
> J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu> wrote:

>>> Each domain configures its own RMX records, on its own name servers,
>>> to authenticate its own outgoing mail.

>> Right, with the implicit assumption that each domain validly controls
>> all mail sent in its name, or has reasonable control and expectation
>> that it can or even should be able to control all mail sent in its
>> name.  I find those assumptions to be unsupportable and destructive.

>   Nonsense.  It's not about control, it's about consent.

Consent structures, when enforced centrally, which is what RMX is
proposing, are control structures.

> When you receive a message with an envelope 'from' in a domain, has
> that domain consented to the use of it's name?  Right now, we don't
> know.  With something like RMX, the owners of that domain can make
> their consent explicit.

> Your objections appear to be based on the idea that establishing
> consent is a bad thing.  

No, I consider requiring explicit published consent between the DNS
masters and a sending node to be a bad thing.

Consider a corollary (which has other, different, critical flaws
compared to RMX):

  Let's say that a domain published a public key via DNS.

  Further, let's say that every node had a copy of the private key
  matching that public key.

  Next have all sent mail contain a digital signature of the Date:,
  Message-ID, and Subject: headers using that key.

  Every receiving MTA can trivially verify that there was consent on the
  part of the parent domain for each message.  You get the self-same
  identical benefits of RMX, but you remove the central point of control
  and authority.  

The problem of course is that theft of the private key now becomes easy
and relatively certain.  Howeve the massive gain is that control is no
longer centralised.

> Further, you appear to be claiming that a domain does NOT control the
> use of it's name (i.e. mail sent in it's name), and that there's no
> reason why it should.

Almost.  Currently domains don't control the use of their names, and
while there are many good reasons they may wish to, there are equally
good reasons to a) not build a top-down enforcement model of that
control, and b) not make the expression of that control require
reconfiguration of a publicly deployed system (something which no few
SysAdm are going to be willing to do rapidly or for on-offs).

> Stated that way, your objections appear ..., well, surprising.

Thank you.

>>> There is no new central authority.
 
>> Sure there is, you're naming the holders of the DNS keys as the
>> central authority for the domain.  Not good.

> So the people controlling DNS for a domain are NOT, in fact,
> authorized to make any statements about the domain.  

Sure they are, they just currently can't explicitly control the
behaviour of edge nodes.  Under RMX they are granted a very large fat
club to dictate and control the behaviour of edge nodes.  

> They're not authorized to set up RMX records, and most likely also not
> authorized to set up existing MX records.  If that's true, why the
> heck are they controlling DNS?

Anybody can make statements.  That's easy.  The problem is that RMX
encodes those statements in a machine processable form that can and will
be used mechanically for mail filtering.  Should RMX gain any traction
it is safe to assume that in fairly short order mail from
non-RMX-bearing nodes will be bounced/dropped, and thus RMX records will
become a de facto requirement for sending mail.  That spells central
control and authority over how mail is processed within a domain.  No
thanks.  Even outside of the privacy concerns, I've no wish to build
systems which not only define, but mandate dictators on an Internet-wide
scale.

> Is this really your position?  The people controlling MX records do
> not have authority to add RMX records?

I don't give a rats for RMX records.  People can add them now.  I cal
also create DNS entries saying bad things about your or Bill Gate's
parentage.  Big whoop.  I care about what RMX records imply and how they
will, necessarily, be used.

>> DNS, as a system, is external to the edge nodes that generate mail.

> The proponents of RMX have specifically and repeatedly addressed the
> interactions of "edge nodes that generate mail" with RMX, and thus
> DNS.  

Yes, they have repeatedly addressed it by saying that either the DNS
master will have to be a nice guy and update his records appropriately
(frequently for a domain he has no interested in for the mobile case),
or that other technologies ala VPNs  will have to be used to ensure mail
is smarthosted thru an RMX node.

I don't consider either an acceptable address.  You do.  We differ.

> Please go back and read those statements before repeating objections
> which have already been addressed.

Already done.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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Dave Crocker wronte on 06 May 2003 at 03:15

>BS> What it helps with is whether some specific piece of email is highly
>BS> likely to be from the organization it claims to be from, in a
>BS> relatively lightweight way.
>
>If you find an RMX record, yes you can make that positive
>interpretation.
>
>The problem is that you have zero information if you do NOT find an RMX
>record.
>
>
>BS> It's kinda like arguing that nail-proof tires won't do you much good
>BS> in a snowstorm (except inasmuch as it'd be nasty to change a tire
>BS> punctured by a nail in a snowstorm.)
>
>or inasmuch as we are discussing mechanisms for making it safer to be in
>a snowstorm.
>
>it's not that a cure for cancer is not wonderful, but it has nothing to
>do with snowstorms.  so this is the wrong venue.

I would agree with Dave if the sole objective of this group were simply to
make filtering spam at the receiver end (whether MTA or MUA) an easier task.
But I think we have a wider objective - we want to ensure that less spam is
sent and thus reduce the cost of discarding/bouncing what is sent to
non-existent addresses and filtering what is sent to real addresses, as well
as make the filtering of whatever is still sent somewhat easier.

The RMX proposal can make it less likely for spam to be sent by improving
our ability to identify and hence, in jurisdictions where this is provided
for in law, to prosecute and punish the sender.  The EU directive on this
subject means that a very large part of the world will be in such
jurisdictions by the autumn of this year, so that a large number of
potential spammers would be deterred by an increased chance of being caught.
Using off-shore ISPs is not a way around this EU law.

So ASRG is clearly not the wrong forum for discussion of improved sender
identification mechanisms such as RMX (whether RMX is a good enough improved
sender identification mechanism is of course another question, and one of
the ones we should be addressing here).

Tom



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To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Content filter abuse for censorship 
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 11:19:02 -0700

On Wed, 07 May 2003 09:27:49 -0400 
Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org> wrote:
> J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu> wrote:

> So Vernon has exposed the true intent of DCC: It's a shared system of
> filtering material which is objectionable to the participants.

That's what ___ALL___ public spam filtering systems are, from RBLs to
blacklists, to razor on down.  Is this a revelation?

> That intent is light-years away from spam filtering.  

Hardly.

>> I do not think that censorship means what you think it does.  Please
>> check a good dictionary.

> I've got a bunch (2 linear feet, to be precise).  It's censorship.

Ahh, another dictionary collector?  I just had to buy another bookcase
to hold mine.

>> What are you saying here?
>> 
>> That someone should not elect what mail they are willing to receive
>> or not?
>> 
>> That someone should not state the criteria on which they decide what
>> mail to receive or not?
>> 
>> That someone should not state the actual decisions they made
>> regarding mail they receive?

> Don't be an idiot.  

<grin>

> This isn't about Vernon discarding Hadmut's message, or about Vernon
> telling Hadmut that his message was discarded.  It's about Vernon
> telling *others* to discard Hadmut's message.
 
Certainly.  That's the fourth question quoted above.  No more, no less.

>> That someone should not listen to the criteria or decisions another
>> makes regarding their mail, and then factor that into their own mail
>> policies in whatever manner they wish?

> Hadmut made no statement about the people who use DCC.  

Neither did Vernon.

> Your objections are most ingenious: Plausible on the surface, but
> subtly missing the point, so as to give a completely distorted view of
> Hadmut's behaviour.

<shrug> It seems fairly clear cut from here.  I can stand up, as others
have, and say, "George Bush is an idiot, don't listen to him!".  Perhaps
I do this on a mailing list using a machine processable form that some
people inject directly into their radio tuning systems -- much as Vernon
is said to have done with DCC.  

Where's the difference?

Some religious orders dictate whom their members may and may not consort
with, what media channels they may receive, etc.  Some members (and
others) of those orders follows those dictates, others variously stray.

What's the difference?

We may not like the choices people make, but they remain their choices,
not ours.

>> There are slippery free speech issues in here.

> Not in my country.

Precisely.  I'm not about to dictate American Free Speech models on
Canada or the rest of the planet, or Canadian jurisprudence for that
matter.

<<Actually there free speech issued in Canada as well, but that's a far
different topic>>

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Barry Shein'" <bzs@world.std.com>, "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Let's start again at the beginning...
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On Wednesday, May 07, 2003 1:32 PM, Barry Shein [SMTP:bzs@world.std.com] wrote:
>
> I realize it's very exciting to think you're each going to be the one
> who is going to gain fame and glory by solving the spam problem.

That may be a goal of some, not all.

> But it's not going to happen unless one understands the problem, the
> actual mechanics of spam. Just knowing some SMTP and DNS etc and
> having gotten some spam isn't enough.
>
> More importantly, for a group to make progress there has to be some
> common vision of what problem they're trying to solve. This group
> isn't there yet.

You are singing the same song I have been singing from the day I signed on to 
this RG.

> Towards that end I think we need to first stop with the instant eureka
> aren't I a genius solutions and spend some time on a taxonomy of spam
> and what a solution might look like, glib responses such as "spam is
> email I don't want" and "a solution is getting less email I don't
> want" aside.

I agree.  There are several early threads with respect to that point.  In any 
event I include here at least my starting point for a description of the 
problem (it is not complete):

<INSERT>
On Saturday, March 29, 2003 10:52 PM, Eric D. Williams [SMTP:eric@infobro.com]
wrote:
> ... if we are attempting to define 'spam' then
> we should not get into a definition of content description.  Jim and Dave you
> accurately point out that one man's garbage is another man's treasure but I
> don't see how this approaches a definition of what 'spam' is.  I think I will
> give it try.
>
> SPAM - 1. Messaging in the MTS which violates best current practices for MTA
> providers to assure proper canonical representation of it's originator. 2. A
> message that does not reflect accurate information for its originator or that
> is transmitted with simulated information nominally used to trace origination
> [that's a tight squeeze as it ignores incorrect configurations].  3) A
> message with fraudulent tracking information that is in fact flawed at
> origination to obfuscate its origin.
<PAUSE>
I will interject here :

  4) A message that obfuscates the list of recipients by introducing
     multiple recipient addresses foreign to the receiving domain or
     unrelated to the primary recipient at the receiving domain within
     the SMTP transaction envelope.
</PAUSE>
> SPAMMER - A user, company or other end entity that engages in introducing
> SPAM into the MTS.
>
> I think these may be a start because they do not address intent or
> content of the message sent, quantity sent, transport used or who
> receives it.  to me the basic problem is you have problems applying
> any effective filters or blocks against it because of the improper
> information used to construct it.
</INSERT>

> For example, we keep making references to header forgery, envelope
> forgery, etc, they're certainly aspects.
>
> What about abuse of BCC, abuse of RCPT TO (sticking dozens of
> recipients in the envelope not in the header), dictionary attacks,
> spam zombies (machines infected with viruses which turn them into
> unwitting spam relays), open relays, proxies, spam-friendly ISPs,
> real-time blocking, DNSBL, DNS spoofing and poisoning, wire-fraud
> laws, current state of anti-spam legislation, rules of evidence
> regarding these laws and how technical changes might improve the
> quality of that evidence, etc.

I think we could attempt to incorporate all of the into the existing taxonomy 
where they do not exist.  A review of the archives should expose that edition 
somewhere in the thousands of messages, or perhaps some one could provide a 
pointer to the most recent version (Paul?).

> How much spam is actual commercial (even if low-quality) enterprise,
> and how much is just script kiddies harasssing sites knowing that if
> you call in law enforcement as soon as they see the words "penis
> enlargement" they patronize you and explain what spam is and hang up?
> And the script kiddies get to laugh their butts off. How might
> anything we do here help distinguish between the two?

Maybe it's a typo but I am having trouble following you here.  In any event it 
may not be relevant to distinguish between the two (at the technical/prevention 
level) but development of a harassment criteria may be a worthy goal.

8<...>8
> Did you know that a typical lifetime of a spammer's web site is under
> two hours? How exactly do they do that?

Could you provide a pointer to the resource(s) where you gathered that 
information?  I would like to incorporate this type of information into a list 
of informative references.

> Or we can continue with the testosterone stench trying desparately to
> distract from the ignorance.
>
> Been there, done that, passed on the T-shirt.

Indeed.

Regards,

-e
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 12:23:39 -0600 (MDT)

> From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>

> ...
> 1300 out of 3130 = 41% of all my denies are very high likelyhood spoofs from 
> the popular domains
> 1050 out of 3130 = 34% are guaranteed spoofs (The helo name is not remotely 
> associated with the spoofed domain) from the popular domains.
> ...

What is your definition of "spoof" besides "HELO not remotely
associated with sender domain"?  Does you definition involve the
use of a sending address that is not the property of the sender?

Many perfectly legitimate owners of netscape.com and other free
provider mailboxes uses those addresses as sender addresses in
their mail but send mail from unrelated ISPs.  Sometimes they do
this to avoid exposing their more private addresses to spam.  In
other cases port-25 filtering or other problems prevent them from
sending mail except through the unrelated ISP.

If your definition of "spoofed domain" includes the notion that
the spoofed address is not perfectly legitimately and own by the
user sending the message, what would you suggest to those innocent
people?  By turning off the mail of those innocent people, would
RMX be creating problems?

If your definition includes some notion of forgery, how do you know
whether a message with unrelated sender address and reverse DNS domains
is spoofed or forged?  Do you have some way to ask the administrators
of the "spoofed" domain about the sender address?

I've recently seen a lot of spam with sender addresses in all of the
domains in your list.  Most of the names in your list are free providers,
but some are not.  I bet that much and probably most of the spam you've
seen with free provider sending address is not forged.  I've suspected
that spam with sender addresses from earthlink.net, msn.com, and aol.com
are forged, but how can anyone outside those organizations know?
Reading between the lines of today's front page "Wall Street Journal"
article suggests that much of the Earthlink spam may not be forged
in any real sense of the word.

See http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB105225593382372600,00.html if
you have a subscription.  The title is "Elusive Spammer Sends EarthLink
on Long Chase."  I've been unable to find the article on Google or
Yahoo, but it might appear there later this week.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Consent (was Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article )
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 07 May 2003 11:06:47 PDT."
             <9596.1052330807@kanga.nu> 
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 14:58:09 -0400

J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu> wrote:
> No, I consider requiring explicit published consent between the DNS
> masters and a sending node to be a bad thing.

  Wow.  So any sending node doesn't need to have consent of a DNS
master to claim to send messages from that domain.  By trivial
extension, sending nodes also don't need the consent of users at a
domain, to send messages claiming to be those users.

  Great.  I'll post messages claiming to be from you, to ASRG, saying
how much you like spam, liver, punk music, or anything else.  Since I
don't need your consent, you will, of course, have no objection.

> Almost.  Currently domains don't control the use of their names,

  I'm amazed.  I thought that the administrators of DNS for a domain
could control which IP's were pointed to by names in that domain.
They can prevent other IP's from being associated with a domain,
simply by NOT listing those IP's in DNS.

  If that's not controlling the use of a name, I don't know what is.

> > So the people controlling DNS for a domain are NOT, in fact,
> > authorized to make any statements about the domain.  
> 
> Sure they are, they just currently can't explicitly control the
> behaviour of edge nodes.  Under RMX they are granted a very large fat
> club to dictate and control the behaviour of edge nodes.  

  Nope.

  The edge nodes can still send email claiming to be from a domain.
They CANNOT, however, claim that they have the consent of the owner of
that domain to use his name.

> The problem is that RMX encodes those statements in a machine
> processable form that can and will be used mechanically for mail
> filtering.  Should RMX gain any traction it is safe to assume that
> in fairly short order mail from non-RMX-bearing nodes will be
> bounced/dropped, and thus RMX records will become a de facto
> requirement for sending mail.  That spells central control and
> authority over how mail is processed within a domain.  No thanks.

  So you're opposed to other people centralizing control over their
own domain.  Hmm...

  See, you don't have to add RMX records, or look them up.  That's
your choice.  But please understand that the people you send mail to
will impose conditions before they consent to accepting traffic from
you.

  The problem here is that you apparently don't want others to impose
conditions on traffic they accept from you.  In that case, your
position is *identical* to that of the spammers.

>  Even outside of the privacy concerns, I've no wish to build systems
> which not only define, but mandate dictators on an Internet-wide
> scale.

  Huh?  Since when did we jump from domain owners adminstering consent
and control for their domains, to Internet-wide dictators?

  Do you understand that artificially inflating the problem, and
engaging in fear-mongering are unhelpful?

> I don't give a rats for RMX records.  People can add them now.  I cal
> also create DNS entries saying bad things about your or Bill Gate's
> parentage.  Big whoop.  I care about what RMX records imply and how they
> will, necessarily, be used.

  ... by others.  Thanks, but no thanks.   Are you familiar with the
quote:

  "If I knew someone was coming to my house with the intention of
   doing me good, I would run for my life."

> Yes, they have repeatedly addressed it by saying that either the DNS
> master will have to be a nice guy and update his records appropriately
> (frequently for a domain he has no interested in for the mobile case),
> or that other technologies ala VPNs  will have to be used to ensure mail
> is smarthosted thru an RMX node.
> 
> I don't consider either an acceptable address.  You do.  We differ.

  I consider them acceptable for me, and the domains I administer.
It's your concern if you don't consider them acceptable for you, and
your domains.

  What I find astonishing about your beliefs is that you don't find
that behaviour acceptable for *me*, either.  What the heck happened to
my freedom to choose?  Or would you propose that you should be
appointed an "Internet-wide dicatator", because your attitude is
benevolent, and you're doing it "for our own good" ?

  Be careful.  Down that path lies a host of nightmares.

  Alan DeKok.
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Vernon Schryver wrote:-

>The RMX check as I understand it is intended to ask the people who own
>the envelope sender domain name if the IP address of the SMTP client is
>authorized to send mail with that sender name.  If the HELO value matches
>the sender name, and if one of the IP addresses of the HELO value is that
>of the SMTP client, then the SMTP client is authorized.

So you are implyng an SMTP protocol change: the HELO line must specify a
domain name. If you are going to assume changes like that in your replies to
other peoples proposals, lets see your properly worked out proposal
containing all such changes.

When you write it up (if ever) please remember to note that an MTA acting as
sender for several domains would have to terminate its connection and
reconnect with a new HELO each time a mail item isn't from the same domain
as the previous item - this may be a significant operational change for some
providers. (I wonder why Postel took this particular <host> parameter of
helo out when he upgraded RFC788 to RFC821. Could it have been to cater for
MTAs serving multiple domains, I wonder?)

>The reason to check reverse DNS name is to cover the case when the
>SMTP client is authorized to send mail for more than one domain name.

Some MTAs will need (tens of) thousands of rDNS answers - quite a big DNS
transaction to get all those back (unless of course you are proposing that
no host can act as outgoing MTA for more than one domain - now that would
cause quite an upheaval, probably do more economic damage than all the
spammers in the world).

Even then, it just doesn't work: the MTA you see is the ISPs outbound MTA
(many ISPs block port 25, of course, so their users have to relay through
the ISP's outbound MTA), not the originator's mail client machine, and the
originator's mail client machine will not have the same domain name as that
MTA (unless of course part of your proposal is to allow lots of hosts owned
by lots of different organisations all to have the same domain name instead
of having domain names connected with the organisations, which is rather a
big change to the internet as we currently understand it). Maybe you think
that you can adapt your idea to use MX records - but I have news for you
buddy, outbound MTAs are often not inbound MTAs so they won't have MX
records.

To me, what you are describing is a half-baked attempt to do what rMX would
do by using mechanisms that are just not capable of doing it.

Tom



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To: <asrg@ietf.org>, "Dave Crocker" <dhc@dcrocker.net>,
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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>The reason RMX records haven't made a big impact to date is the lack of a
>standard.  On this list there have been numerous proposals, each slightly
>different and each one has been met with silly arguments like "if we do
that
>I won't be able to send anonymous e-mails pretending to be Ronald Reagan"
or,
>more realistically, "but then I'd have to send my hotmail messages actually
>through the hotmail service and that would suck"

What you say is "more realistic" actually isn't, it's a misleading piece of
rubbish foisted on you by people who either don't understand that what
matters to these guys (hotmail clients) is content header not envelope
header while what matters to thr rMX proposals is the envelope header - or
perhaps by people who fully understand that but don't care about accuracy as
long as they can attack the rMX proposal.

I don't like rMX either, but I've got so fed up with the braindead attacks
on it by certain contributors to this list that I'm just about prepared to
defend it to the death!

Tom

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Subject: Re: Consent (was Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article )
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On Wed, 07 May 2003 14:58:09 -0400
Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org> wrote:
> J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu> wrote:

>> No, I consider requiring explicit published consent between the DNS
>> masters and a sending node to be a bad thing.

> Wow.  So any sending node doesn't need to have consent of a DNS master
> to claim to send messages from that domain.

Quite.

> By trivial extension, sending nodes also don't need the consent of
> users at a domain, to send messages claiming to be those users.

That's not a server-side problem, that's an individual authentication
problem with well known and variously well deployed addresses.

> Great.  I'll post messages claiming to be from you, to ASRG, saying
> how much you like spam, liver, punk music, or anything else.  Since I
> don't need your consent, you will, of course, have no objection.

There is a fundamental difference between consent and lack of objection.
I can walk on your lawn and tell people on the street corner that I am
you.  I don't need your consent to do that.  You will however object
rather strenuously I expect.

Lack of objection does not mean consent, and lack of consent does not
mean lack of objection.

Heck, I actively dislike top posting, and yet people do it every day in
mail to me over my objections.  They didn't need my consent.

>> Almost.  Currently domains don't control the use of their names,

> I'm amazed.  I thought that the administrators of DNS for a domain
> could control which IP's were pointed to by names in that domain.
> They can prevent other IP's from being associated with a domain,
> simply by NOT listing those IP's in DNS.

Absolutely.

> If that's not controlling the use of a name, I don't know what is.

They don't control the use or behaviour of the node that the name points
to, and with the singular exception of MX records, they don't control
how third parties view or interact with a node that they have a record
pointing to.  Some people want centralised systems.  That's great and
bully for them.  Others don't.  That's also great.  Dictating on an
Internet-wide scale that only centralised systems can send mail is
Wrong.

>>> So the people controlling DNS for a domain are NOT, in fact,
>>> authorized to make any statements about the domain.

>> Sure they are, they just currently can't explicitly control the
>> behaviour of edge nodes.  Under RMX they are granted a very large fat
>> club to dictate and control the behaviour of edge nodes.

> The edge nodes can still send email claiming to be from a domain.
> They CANNOT, however, claim that they have the consent of the owner of
> that domain to use his name.

Assume RMX becomes popular and widely deployed.  Will you accept mail
from a node which doesn't have an RMX record or which is outside of the
RMX record stated for that domain?

That's a club.

>> The problem is that RMX encodes those statements in a machine
>> processable form that can and will be used mechanically for mail
>> filtering.  Should RMX gain any traction it is safe to assume that in
>> fairly short order mail from non-RMX-bearing nodes will be
>> bounced/dropped, and thus RMX records will become a de facto
>> requirement for sending mail.  That spells central control and
>> authority over how mail is processed within a domain.  No thanks.

> So you're opposed to other people centralizing control over their own
> domain.  Hmm...

I'm opposed to systems which mandate centralising control over the
behaviour of nodes in a domain, and give them (essentially) no choice
about running a decentralised model.

> See, you don't have to add RMX records, or look them up.  That's your
> choice.  But please understand that the people you send mail to will
> impose conditions before they consent to accepting traffic from you.

Absolutely.  That's true today and is not in argument.

> The problem here is that you apparently don't want others to impose
> conditions on traffic they accept from you.

No, I don't want to impose a __centralised__mandated__model__ on mail
traffic control.  Please ensure you read the underlined words, then
compare the external behaviour of RMX to the simple public-key/crypto
model I mentioned a few messages ago.  While broken, that model achieves
the same ends of accountability that you desire with RMX without the
costs of centralised control.

> In that case, your position is *identical* to that of the spammers.

In a sense I'm taking the free speech argument, one which is also often
used by spammers.  Are all free speech arguments necessarily bad because
spammers also use them?  You can claim that I'm dirty/bad/evil due to
using a similar argument to spammers, or you can recognise that some
arguments are sufficiently general that they can easily be used on both
sides of the fence.  Your choice and no skin off my nose.

Freedom is like that: dirty and disorganised.  The problem is to clean
it up without losing the freedom.  Hate speech laws are a classic
example of an attempted balance and trade-off between the two.  We could
just all live as slaves in a planetary dictatorship -- then there would
be no spam.  However I suspect, just a little, that most of this list
would consider that an excessive sacrifice of freedoms for the gain in
cleanliness.

>> Even outside of the privacy concerns, I've no wish to build systems
>> which not only define, but mandate dictators on an Internet-wide
>> scale.

> Huh?  Since when did we jump from domain owners adminstering consent
> and control for their domains, to Internet-wide dictators?

Yeesh.  That's not what I wrote.  Please, read with at least minimal
care.  The point is not Internet-wide dictators, but dictators on an
Internet-wide scale.  

Should the holder of the DNS keys be a dictator over all the mail sent
from his domain?  You say, "Yes!"  I say, "Hell no!"  You appear to
suggest that such control is the natural state of affairs.  I demur and
say that such levels of control must be explicitly created at some cost
and effort and shouldn't ever be the defaults.

> Do you understand that artificially inflating the problem, and
> engaging in fear-mongering are unhelpful?

Certainly.  Happily I haven't done that, tho I can see how your
misreadings of my messages would give that impression.

>> I don't consider either an acceptable address.  You do.  We differ.

> I consider them acceptable for me, and the domains I administer.  It's
> your concern if you don't consider them acceptable for you, and your
> domains.

Quite.  There are issues of social responsibility here.  While we each
run our own little private fiefdoms in regard to our mail systems, the
exchange of mail in general across the 'net requires a basis in common
consensus.  If that consensus is defined in terms of RMX deployment,
then that is a cost and requirement that neither you or I have choice
over.  In essence it is a dictate that I, and you, and every other
domain on the 'net MUST run centralised control over the behaviour of
all nodes in our domains.

No thanks.

> What I find astonishing about your beliefs is that you don't find that
> behaviour acceptable for *me*, either.  

Hardly.  Its utterly acceptable for you.  What I'm campaigning against
is a progression that takes your individual choice, along with others,
and makes it a net-wide dictate.  Some technologies are inherently
decentralised and autonomous.  Some require, by definition, centralised
control and definition.  We get to pick.

> What the heck happened to my freedom to choose?  

Nothing.  It remains unsullied.

> Or would you propose that you should be appointed an "Internet-wide
> dicatator", because your attitude is benevolent, and you're doing it
> "for our own good" ?

Hardly.  I also don't want to be in the position of going to every other
domain out there and telling them, "You must elect your DNSmaster as
your mail dictator."

> Be careful.  Down that path lies a host of nightmares.

Aye, it sure does.

--
J C Lawrence
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas.
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Let's start again at the beginning... 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 07 May 2003 13:31:43 EDT."
             <200305071731.NAA12977@world.std.com> 
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 16:11:49 -0400

Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:
> Towards that end I think we need to first stop with the instant eureka
> aren't I a genius solutions

  Starting off a discussion by belittling other people is
unproductive.

  Remind me again, why are you here?

> Or we can continue with the testosterone stench trying desparately to
> distract from the ignorance.

  Hmm... more name-calling of people you disagree with.

  <plonk>

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Content filter abuse for censorship 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 07 May 2003 11:19:02 PDT."
             <10489.1052331542@kanga.nu> 
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 16:05:23 -0400

J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu> wrote:
> > So Vernon has exposed the true intent of DCC: It's a shared system of
> > filtering material which is objectionable to the participants.
> 
> That's what ___ALL___ public spam filtering systems are, from RBLs to
> blacklists, to razor on down.  Is this a revelation?

  Call me naive, I guess.  People complain loudly when RBLs list
people who haven't spammed, but who engage in behaviours that the the
maintainers of the RBL finds offensive.  This occurs even when the
publicly stated position of the maintainers is that the purpose of the
list is only to block spam.  It seems I was wrong to believe that
abuse of content filtering tools would provoke similar outrage...

  To quote http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/dcc/ ...

   [ information from DCC ] can be used by SMTP servers and mail user
   agents to detect and reject or filter spam or unsolicited bulk mail.

  Dis-ingenious justifications aside, there's no way that a message to
3-4 people about an ongoing conversation can be considered "spam", or
"unsolicited bulk mail."

> <shrug> It seems fairly clear cut from here.  I can stand up, as others
> have, and say, "George Bush is an idiot, don't listen to him!".  Perhaps
> I do this on a mailing list using a machine processable form that some
> people inject directly into their radio tuning systems -- much as Vernon
> is said to have done with DCC.  
> 
> Where's the difference?

  If you request that other people censor their traffic, it's an
attempt at censorship.  If they do censor their traffic as a result of
your request, it's obviously censorship.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 14:33:55 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>


> >The RMX check as I understand it is intended to ask the people who own
> >the envelope sender domain name if the IP address of the SMTP client is
> >authorized to send mail with that sender name.  If the HELO value matches
> >the sender name, and if one of the IP addresses of the HELO value is that
> >of the SMTP client, then the SMTP client is authorized.
>
> So you are implyng an SMTP protocol change: the HELO line must specify a
> domain name. If you are going to assume changes like that in your replies to
> other peoples proposals, lets see your properly worked out proposal
> containing all such changes.
>
> When you write it up (if ever)

Why would I write it up when the authors of RFC 821 and RFC 2821
already did?  Or have I misunderstood section 4.1.1.1 of RFC 2821 and
section 3.5 of RFC 821?

Please also consider the possibility that since I do not favor RMX,
I also do not favor this check.  If the requirement that the HELO
value be the MTA's domain name were not more than 20 years old, I
would be unlikely to spend much time documenting it.

My point was that those who want to make the RMX check can achieve
about the same effect by by checking data that is already present,
standardized, and requires no new protocols or actions by 80% of the
Internet.  Most mail already satisfies such a check, while it would
be many years if ever before a significant amount of mail would meet
a check involving a new DNS RR.  This check is already well understood
by people familiar with dealing with spam.  It is common among the
MTAs of those who prefer not receiving spam to failing to receive
legitimate mail; it causes significant false positives.

>                                please remember to note that an MTA acting as
> sender for several domains would have to terminate its connection and
> reconnect with a new HELO each time a mail item isn't from the same domain
> as the previous item - this may be a significant operational change for some
> providers. (I wonder why Postel took this particular <host> parameter of
> helo out when he upgraded RFC788 to RFC821. Could it have been to cater for
> MTAs serving multiple domains, I wonder?)

That change does some to make it easier to compare the HELO domain
name against the sender domain.  However, it might also only reflect
the general jargon drift from "host" or "host name" to "domain" or
"domain name."  In IETF standard language, "domain" or "domain name"
can refer to something with an IP address and so can be a "host name."


> >The reason to check reverse DNS name is to cover the case when the
> >SMTP client is authorized to send mail for more than one domain name.
>
> Some MTAs will need (tens of) thousands of rDNS answers - quite a big DNS
> transaction to get all those back (unless of course you are proposing that
> no host can act as outgoing MTA for more than one domain - now that would
> cause quite an upheaval, probably do more economic damage than all the
> spammers in the world).

Yes, MTAs processing lots of mail make many reverse DNS lookups, but
checking reverse DNS names would not require additional DNS lookups
for most mail.  The reverse DNS name of the SMTP client for most mail
is already checked by SMTP servers.  That is how SMTP servers add
Received:  headers naming the SMTP client.


> Even then, it just doesn't work: the MTA you see is the ISPs outbound MTA
> (many ISPs block port 25, of course, so their users have to relay through
> the ISP's outbound MTA), not the originator's mail client machine, and the
> originator's mail client machine will not have the same domain name as that
> MTA (unless of course part of your proposal is to allow lots of hosts owned
> by lots of different organisations all to have the same domain name instead
> of having domain names connected with the organisations, which is rather a
> big change to the internet as we currently understand it).

What's that about "doesn't work" and "big changes"?  Common MTA software
including sendmail can say "possibly forged" or similar comments when
confronted with mismatches.  It is also trivial to tell sendmail to
reject mail that fails such checks among sender address, reverse DNS
name, and HELO value, because sendmail already makes the DNS lookups
and then checks the values.


>                                                            Maybe you think
> that you can adapt your idea to use MX records - but I have news for you
> buddy, outbound MTAs are often not inbound MTAs so they won't have MX
> records.
>
> To me, what you are describing is a half-baked attempt to do what rMX would
> do by using mechanisms that are just not capable of doing it.

Many messages ago in this mailing list Paul Vixie pointed out that MX
records can do today exactly what rMX might do someday with a new, to
be defined RR.  He pointed out that most outbound MTAs are also inbound
MTAs and so are named by MX RRs (or there are no relevant MX RRs and
their A RR serves the same purpose).  Outbound MTAs that are not
inbound MTAs and so do not answer port 25 need only have new MX RRs
defined with very large preference.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Consent (was Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article ) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 07 May 2003 12:44:20 PDT."
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 16:42:44 -0400

J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu> wrote:
> Lack of objection does not mean consent, and lack of consent does not
> mean lack of objection.

  Exactly.  A proposal like RMX allows consent (and objections) to be
applied before the fact, not after it.

> Dictating on an Internet-wide scale that only centralised systems
> can send mail is Wrong.

  I don't see how that applies to RMX.  See below...

> Assume RMX becomes popular and widely deployed.  Will you accept mail
> from a node which doesn't have an RMX record or which is outside of the
> RMX record stated for that domain?

  That's my private choice, and I don't see why it's any of your
business.

> No, I don't want to impose a __centralised__mandated__model__ on mail
> traffic control.  Please ensure you read the underlined words, then
> compare the external behaviour of RMX to the simple public-key/crypto
> model I mentioned a few messages ago.

  RMX is even better than your toy model.  It doesn't require key
distribution.  If the domain owner establishes consent for all IP's in
a range (ANY range), then he can add wild-card DNS records, to reply
'yes' to RMX consent queries.  Heck, he can add wildcard RMX records
for the entire Internet, if he so desires.  <plink> No centralized
control, and your objection disappears.

  But RMX allows domain administrators to ALSO make less wide-ranging
statements of consent.  Those statements cannot currently be made at
all.

> In a sense I'm taking the free speech argument, one which is also often
> used by spammers.  Are all free speech arguments necessarily bad because
> spammers also use them?

  No, your arguments about free speech fall flat when they involve
limiting my speech, so that you can have less limited speech.

> Should the holder of the DNS keys be a dictator over all the mail sent
> from his domain?  You say, "Yes!"  I say, "Hell no!"

  I say "He should be permitted to do that, if he so chooses."

  You say "My choice is to forbid him from making that choice."


  Phrased that way, your position becomes less than friendly, and less
than open.  So I'm skeptical about your claims of "free speech."

> While we each run our own little private fiefdoms in regard to our
> mail systems, the exchange of mail in general across the 'net
> requires a basis in common consensus.

  That sounds reasonable.

> If that consensus is defined in terms of RMX deployment, then that
> is a cost and requirement that neither you or I have choice over.

  That doesn't sound reasonable.

> In essence it is a dictate that I, and you, and every other domain
> on the 'net MUST run centralised control over the behaviour of all
> nodes in our domains.

  I still have no clue where you get this "dictate" idea from.

> What I'm campaigning against is a progression that takes your
> individual choice, along with others, and makes it a net-wide
> dictate.

  Who said anything about dictating the behaviour for the net?  I
didn't.  I have said REPEATEDLY that I want everyone to choose the
behaviour that makes them happy.  What would make me happy is if
people filtered spam in certain ways, but I categorically refuse to
dictate that they do so.

  I think that's the crux of the miscommunication here.  I say "I want
choice for me", and you hear "Everyone else must follow Alan's
choice."

> I also don't want to be in the position of going to every other
> domain out there and telling them, "You must elect your DNSmaster as
> your mail dictator."

  If that's a requirement you have for consenting to exchange email
with people, I don't see why you should be forbidden from making
unreasonable requests of people.  If they choose to abide by those
requests, that's a consentual relationship between two adults, and
it's not really my problem.


  So the truth comes out: You don't want two people to consent to
engage in mutual behaviour that you find reprehensible, even if that
behaviour doesn't affect other people.

  That's an attempt at massive censorship, and make me understand your
comments about "dictates".  "Methinks you doth protest too much."  

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Content filter abuse for censorship 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 07 May 2003 14:04:15 PDT."
             <15145.1052341455@kanga.nu> 
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 17:29:23 -0400

J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu> wrote:
> This is but one of my concerns with RMX.  RMX enforcement defines
> SMTP gatewaying and choke pointing.

  And how, exactly, is this different in principle from MX records?

>  When all mail necessarily passes thru points you control, the
> temptations and rewards for abuse are large.

  Existing corporate firewalls?  ISP's routers?


  <note to self: Why am I even having this conversation?>

  Alan DeKok.
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cc: Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Content filter abuse for censorship 
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   of "Wed, 07 May 2003 13:03:57 PDT." <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A301AE2452@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> 
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 14:04:15 -0700

On Wed, 7 May 2003 13:03:57 -0700  
Phillip Hallam-Baker <Hallam-Baker> wrote:

> There is no difference. I have spent most of my life designing
> technology to break open those closed systems. So I am going to do
> everything I can to warn people of what the consequences are when such
> self-appointed censors intervene.

Excellent, I'll happily, even insistently join you in that campaign and
shout my lungs out.

> Remember that most users of the Internet have absolutely no control
> over their environment in the way that members of the IETF take for
> granted. So they do not have the ability to move on.

Quite.  There's a freedom there, but an expensive one.  While there are
market forces, as I've argued already on the list to and with you, too
high a cost or difficulty is equivalent to impossible.  Again, there's a
question of balances.

> If someone joins a cult of their own free will that is fine. But the
> way that these filters are being applied is much closer to the case of
> Adelphia TV which bought out the cable system of LA and then decided
> to drop all the programming that did not meet their fine moral
> principals. Now that Adelphia is bankrupt and the Riggas family is
> facing fraud charges there are many in LA asking whose moral
> principals were at fault.

Fair dinkum and a decent parallel if a bit weak given the current ease
in ISP mobility and SMTP handling (cf Hotmail).  This is but one of my
concerns with RMX.  RMX enforcement defines SMTP gatewaying and choke
pointing.  When all mail necessarily passes thru points you control, the
temptations and rewards for abuse are large.  I've no wish to build
architectures which make such abuses easy or tempting.  

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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Subject: Re: Consent (was Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article )
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 14:19:28 -0700

On Wed, 7 May 2003 13:14:59 -0700
Phillip Hallam-Baker <Hallam-Baker> wrote:

>> Should the holder of the DNS keys be a dictator over all the mail
>> sent from his domain?  You say, "Yes!"  I say, "Hell no!"

> Domain names are not a scarce resource.

They are not scarce technically.  They can be scarce politically.

> The only way that you can in the long term protect your identity in
> cyberspace is to control your own domain.

I don't want to argue this point.  I largely came to that view as a
pragmatic statement several years back (and thus registered kanga.nu,
not being willing to deal with NSI), but haven't worked thru it well
enough to state an absolute.

> The domain name owner can decide what mail you receive. I see no
> reason why control over what is sent is an ideological issue.

The DNS master can control whether or not I receive mail at all under
that domain, and can only do so in an externally obvious fashion.  He
can't control what mail I receive, just whether or not I receive any
mail (well, he could do mail forwards, but that's explicitly obvious
from an external view).

Use of RMX, like an inbound MX, gives the DNSmaster and operators of the
smarthost review and editorial capacity over every message sent.  It is
no longer possible to either send or receive an individual message (not
mail in general, but any specific message) without the blessing of the
DNS gods.

> I much prefer the concept that everyone is master of their own domain
> than we have to submit to the predjudices of whoever the self
> appointed censor of the week would be.

Agreed, tho there are non-trivial human scaling and service industry
costs there.

--
J C Lawrence
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas.
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats
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On May 7, 2003 at 10:58 antispam@grax.com (David Walker) wrote:
 > With regards to spoofing being a minor problem.
 > Out of 3130 denied messages 

I think the distinction here is qualitative (minor) versus
quantitative (minor.)

I have no doubt that spammers (ab)use addresses such as
refi@hotmail.com millions of times per day.

I just believe that if we made that impossible they'd change it to
refi@hotmai1.com or even just refi@openrelay.com and not miss a beat.

In that sense it's minor, of minor value or potential hinderance to
them, qualitatively minor. If it's "free", sure, why not? But if they
can't, it won't make much difference to them.

Besides, as another note pointed out, all most users ever see is the
From: header anyhow, but even if that were impossible...

Also, laws such as the recent Virginia law are promising to make this
network hooliganism more legally dangerous since the law specifically
assigns criminal penalties to such header forgery. Whether that's
worth anything remains to be seen, but my impression is that many
spammers are champing at the bits (as it were) to be able to operate
as legitimate businesses, they're somewhat limited in earning
potential as outlaws.

(rest of msg is the rest of included msg...)

 > (to accounts I had to stop because they were receiving 100% spam)
 >  @juno.com                                        |    36
 >  @netscape.com                                    |    38
 >  @email.com                                       |    40
 >  @excite.com                                      |    50
 >  @lycos.com                                       |    50
 >  @earthlink.net                                   |    71
 >  @msn.com                                         |    72
 >  @yemenmail.com                                   |    93
 >  @hotmail.com                                     |   241
 >  @aol.com                                         |   298
 >  @yahoo.com                                       |   311
 > Total | 1300
 > 
 > 1300 out of 3130 = 41% of all my denies are very high likelyhood spoofs from 
 > the popular domains
 > 1050 out of 3130 = 34% are guaranteed spoofs (The helo name is not remotely 
 > associated with the spoofed domain) from the popular domains.
 > (These numbers do not represent all spoofing I receive but rather just the 
 > spoofing to popular domains)
 > 
 > So it doesn't look like a minor problem to me.  Sure it is easy to avoid by
 > 1. switching to domains that have not implemented RMX yet
 > 2. by setting up your own domains
 > but in the first case the DNS admin would have a tool to fight them (he can 
 > configure his RMX records) and with the second there is a cost involved.
 > 
 > Assuming just the 11 domains and I implement RMX it becomes useful as I could 
 > receive messages from my friends and family that use those services.
 > 
 > On Tuesday 06 May 2003 05:26 pm, Barry Shein wrote:
 > > No, the problem is that this spoofing is a minor problem and any
 > > solution is easily evaded by spammers.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Let's start again at the beginning...
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On May 7, 2003 at 14:14 eric@infobro.com (Eric D. Williams) wrote:
 > On Wednesday, May 07, 2003 1:32 PM, Barry Shein [SMTP:bzs@world.std.com] wrote:
 > > How much spam is actual commercial (even if low-quality) enterprise,
 > > and how much is just script kiddies harasssing sites knowing that if
 > > you call in law enforcement as soon as they see the words "penis
 > > enlargement" they patronize you and explain what spam is and hang up?
 > > And the script kiddies get to laugh their butts off. How might
 > > anything we do here help distinguish between the two?
 > 
 > Maybe it's a typo but I am having trouble following you here.  In any event it 
 > may not be relevant to distinguish between the two (at the technical/prevention 
 > level) but development of a harassment criteria may be a worthy goal.

Your site gets flooded with spam relentlessly advertising the same one
thing. It goes on for days, even blocking is of limited value.

You notice there's a toll-free number in the spam to contact.

Out of curiosity you call the number and it can't possibly have
anything to do with the spam, maybe it doesn't even exist.

What do you suspect?

That there's something fishy about this spam attack.

Maybe they're harrassing the owner of the toll-free number, if it
exists. Or maybe they're just harrassing your network.


 > 8<...>8
 > > Did you know that a typical lifetime of a spammer's web site is under
 > > two hours? How exactly do they do that?
 > 
 > Could you provide a pointer to the resource(s) where you gathered that 
 > information?  I would like to incorporate this type of information into a list 
 > of informative references.

Go to the site for the MIT spam conference last January, I think it's
spamconference.org, and see if the attorney's talk, the one who was
involved in the Verizon/Ralsky suit, is still up, he talked about
this, specifically.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 15:36:56 -0700 (PDT)

Daniel Erat posted this objection:
> The RMX proposals that I've seen appear to be concerned solely with
> forged MAIL FROM addresses (as described in RFC 821).  I believe that
> most MUAs that are in widespread use only display From: headers (as
> described in RFC 822), and the majority of end-users are not aware of
> the existence of anything else.

Good point, Daniel.  I have added a note about this here:

http://www.mikerubel.org/computers/rmx_records/#notes_internalfromheader

Mike

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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 18:46:28 -0400


>From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
>
>At 10:34 AM -0400 5/7/03, Paul Judge wrote:
>>There are a number of work items being pursued and ideas that have been
>>proposed. However, overall it is difficult to identify the productive
>>conversations as a newcomer and also difficult to follow them from there.
>
>A regular posting of an FAQ and guidelines would help address this.

RFC 2014 which governs the operation of IRTF defines an additional role of 
a "Research Group Editor/Secretary". Perhaps someone can volunteer to be 
the secretary or the Chair will appoint one, who will take care of things 
like a website, FAQ, guidelines etc. We clearly need some form of direction 
here. Here is the snippet from the RFC:

--begin snippet----
5.4. Research Group Editor/Secretary

Taking minutes and editing jointly-authored Research Group documents often 
is performed by a specifically-designated participant or set of participants.
---end snippet---

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 17:04:36 -0600


I am sure that many of you saw this over at SlashDot but in the interests 
of those who missed it:

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A22390-2003May6.html

-Art
-- 
Art Pollard
http://www.lextek.com/
Suppliers of High Performance Text Retrieval Engines.

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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 18:51:24 -0400


>From: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>
>
>Nobody had talked much about opt-in/opt-out issues on this list, but they 
>were a major part of the forum. solving this will be important. I humbly 
>re-propose choicelist as a way of managing opt-in/opt-out status...not as 
>an ultimate answer as it is proposed, but as a starting point to something 
>better.

The underlying problem here is that we haven't defined the problem 
properly. Also in many ways fighting spam is like fighting a war - you need 
to learn the weapons of your enemy. I would suggest that we analyze how 
spam works, why it works, before trying to come up with something to stop 
it. Eric's post is a start.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 19:03:18 -0400


>From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
>
>I think we could attempt to incorporate all of the into the existing taxonomy
>where they do not exist.  A review of the archives should expose that edition
>somewhere in the thousands of messages, or perhaps some one could provide a
>pointer to the most recent version (Paul?).

I think a taxonomy is in order as well as a FAQ and some guidelines.  

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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 19:03:06 -0400


>From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
>
>But it's not going to happen unless one understands the problem, the
>actual mechanics of spam. Just knowing some SMTP and DNS etc and
>having gotten some spam isn't enough.
>
>More importantly, for a group to make progress there has to be some
>common vision of what problem they're trying to solve. This group
>isn't there yet.
>Towards that end I think we need to first stop with the instant eureka
>aren't I a genius solutions and spend some time on a taxonomy of spam
>and what a solution might look like, glib responses such as "spam is
>email I don't want" and "a solution is getting less email I don't
>want" aside.

I definitely agree that we should first work on defining what spam is, how 
it works and why do spammers love doing it (i.e. the economics) before 
proposing a solution.


>For example, we keep making references to header forgery, envelope
>forgery, etc, they're certainly aspects.
>
>What about abuse of BCC, abuse of RCPT TO (sticking dozens of
>recipients in the envelope not in the header), dictionary attacks,
>spam zombies (machines infected with viruses which turn them into
>unwitting spam relays), open relays, proxies, spam-friendly ISPs,
>real-time blocking, DNSBL, DNS spoofing and poisoning, wire-fraud
>laws, current state of anti-spam legislation, rules of evidence
>regarding these laws and how technical changes might improve the
>quality of that evidence, etc.

As the ASRG charter states: "ASRG will not pursue research into legal 
issues of spam, other than the extent to which these issues affect, 
support, or constrain the technology." Our goal is to change technology, 
not the law. But nothing stops us from making technical changes that can 
"improve the quality of evidence".

>Or are we all so certain we're all so expert and accurate in those and
>all the other issues that we just have it in our heads and wham-o a
>solution is going to pop out?

As several people mentioned before, no one expects an instant solution to 
spam "to pop up". Rather our goal is to provide a combination of changes in 
protocols, policy and such on the Internet that can help us reduce the 
problem. This combination will probably consists of many tiny changes to 
many things which when added up as a whole, can help with the spam problem


>Did you know that a typical lifetime of a spammer's web site is under
>two hours? How exactly do they do that?

Can you provide some sources for this information, I am doing some research 
on it.  

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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 16:08:13 -0700 (PDT)

JCL> Use of RMX, like an inbound MX, gives the DNSmaster and operators of
JCL> the smarthost review and editorial capacity over every message sent.
JCL> It is no longer possible to either send or receive an individual
JCL> message (not mail in general, but any specific message) without the
JCL> blessing of the DNS gods.

J.C.,

Can this really be how you feel?  That a domain owner should not have
the ability to decide what mail gets sent in his or her own name?  I
don't agree.  I didn't appreciate seeing thousands of raunchy
unsolicited advertisements go out over the Internet, signed "webmaster
(at) mikerubel.org."  I feel that whoever sent them had no right to use
my name.  But without RMX, there was nothing I could do about it.

I appreciate the censorship argument, but so long as senders are free to
choose from among a wide variety of different hosting domains, with a
wide variety of sending policies--including the option of operating
their own domains and setting their own policies, as many of us have
done--I won't buy the argument that giving domain owners control over
their domains will somehow lead to 1984 incarnate.  The freedom of a
sender to send whatever he wants need not extend to libel of third 
parties.

Mike

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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 17:03:36 -0700

On Wed, 7 May 2003 16:08:13 -0700 (PDT) 
Michael Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org> wrote:

>> Use of RMX, like an inbound MX, gives the DNSmaster and operators
>> of the smarthost review and editorial capacity over every message
>> sent.  It is no longer possible to either send or receive an
>> individual message (not mail in general, but any specific message)
>> without the blessing of the DNS gods.

> Can this really be how you feel?  

Yes.

> That a domain owner should not have the ability to decide what mail
> gets sent in his or her own name?  

Yes.

> I don't agree.  I didn't appreciate seeing thousands of raunchy
> unsolicited advertisements go out over the Internet, signed "webmaster
> (at) mikerubel.org."  I feel that whoever sent them had no right to
> use my name.  

I feel quite similarly.

> But without RMX, there was nothing I could do about it.

Here we part.  I don't consider RMX to be a suitable address to the
problem.

> The freedom of a sender to send whatever he wants need not extend to
> libel of third parties.

Absolutely.  Therefore the problem is to find another more welcome and
facile solution.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>
Reply-To: asrg@ietf.org
Organization: Vorteon, LLC
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats
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On Wednesday 07 May 2003 01:23 pm, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> What is your definition of "spoof" besides "HELO not remotely
> associated with sender domain"?  Does you definition involve the
> use of a sending address that is not the property of the sender?

Sending addresses are the property of the domain.  Mail sent within the 
acceptable domain uses is not spoofed.  Mail sent through other channels to 
avoid domain policies is spoofed.

It seems to be a common misconception that addresses are the property of the 
sender.  If you want an address to be your property you can sign up for your 
own domain, otherwise they belong to the domain and the domain administrators 
set the policy for each domain.

I did a little checking on the existence of some of the addresses and 
yahoo.com and aol.com didn't generate an error if the account did not exist 
and the other accounts I checked did not exist.

> Many perfectly legitimate owners of netscape.com and other free
> provider mailboxes uses those addresses as sender addresses in
> their mail but send mail from unrelated ISPs.  Sometimes they do
> this to avoid exposing their more private addresses to spam.  In
> other cases port-25 filtering or other problems prevent them from
> sending mail except through the unrelated ISP.

They can use webmail.  The services most often impersonated are webmail 
services and the correct use of that service is via webmail or such other 
methods as that provider (hotmail,yahoo, etc) may permit.
Those that are not webmail all provide smtp and pop servers and that is the 
proper way to send mail through them.

> If your definition of "spoofed domain" includes the notion that
> the spoofed address is not perfectly legitimately and own by the
> user sending the message, what would you suggest to those innocent
> people?  By turning off the mail of those innocent people, would
> RMX be creating problems?

RMX doesn't turn off mail to innocent people.  RMX helps to ensure that users 
follow the policies of their domains.  No ISP that I know of blocks port 80 
or 443 and those are the correct method for sending messages via a WEBmail 
service unless the provider deems it acceptable to allow other methods.

> If your definition includes some notion of forgery, how do you know
> whether a message with unrelated sender address and reverse DNS domains
> is spoofed or forged?  Do you have some way to ask the administrators
> of the "spoofed" domain about the sender address?

In 316 of the 3130 (10%) they connected using either my own domain name or the 
IP address of my mail server as their helo domain.  That is clear and 
undeniable proof that their intent is not to innocently inform me of the 
latest Viagra substitute but rather to exploit possible holes in my rules in 
order to deliver their crap.

> I've recently seen a lot of spam with sender addresses in all of the
> domains in your list.  Most of the names in your list are free providers,
> but some are not.  I bet that much and probably most of the spam you've
> seen with free provider sending address is not forged.  I've suspected
> that spam with sender addresses from earthlink.net, msn.com, and aol.com
> are forged, but how can anyone outside those organizations know?
> Reading between the lines of today's front page "Wall Street Journal"
> article suggests that much of the Earthlink spam may not be forged
> in any real sense of the word.
>
> See http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB105225593382372600,00.html if
> you have a subscription.  The title is "Elusive Spammer Sends EarthLink
> on Long Chase."  I've been unable to find the article on Google or
> Yahoo, but it might appear there later this week.

I don't have a membership.  I look forward to reading it if it appears on a 
site that doesn't require a subscription.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for Fighting Spam
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 21:17:39 -0400

On Wed, May 07, 2003 at 11:26:26AM -0600, John Fenley wrote
> >From: Jim Littlefield <little@abaqus.com>
> >
> >...and every EarthLink subscriber to a mailing list will stop receiving
> >their list mail because the list server software/administrator boots them.
> 
> Sorry if this has been talked about...Massive traffic has prevented my 
> following the list closely.
> 
> The last pannel at the forum seemed to point to the importance of 
> opt-in/opt-out, and ensuring that the wanted mail goes through. Mailing 
> lists are opt-in, and a solution that takes care of these things would 
> solve the problems associated with Challenge/Response.
> 
> Any whitelisting strategy is prone to spoofing, but if authentication 
> strategys were used then spoofing wouldn't be a problem, but opt-ins would 
> still be.

  Wouldn't it be possible for a mailing list to give whitelisting
criteria on a webpage ?  Something that's virtually unspoofable is to
give the machine name of the MTA, which can then be checked against the
sending IP address.  In addition to multiple names resolving to the same
address, it's possible to have multiple addresses resolve to the same
name.  A real-life example is...

[m1800//home/waltdnes]host www.cnn.com
www.cnn.com is an alias for cnn.com.
cnn.com has address 64.236.24.20
cnn.com has address 64.236.24.28
cnn.com has address 64.236.16.20
cnn.com has address 64.236.16.52
cnn.com has address 64.236.16.84
cnn.com has address 64.236.16.116
cnn.com has address 64.236.24.4
cnn.com has address 64.236.24.12

  A mailing list could give its MTA name as outbound.bad.example.com and
the "host" command ("nslookup" on some OS's) could get a list
corresponding IP addresses, and check to see whether the sender is on
that list.  Note that I specified name, not address.  This allows the
list to move to a new ISP by editing its DNS zone entries.  No need for
end-users to change anything in this case.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 13:03:57 -0700

There is no difference. I have spent most of my life designing technology to
break open those closed systems. So I am going to do everything I can to
warn people of what the consequences are when such self-appointed censors
intervene.

I was the person who sold the Clinton-Gore campaign on the Web as a
political tool when there were less than 100 users because I wanted to break
the hold of the Murdoch press on political discourse.

Remember that most users of the Internet have absolutely no control over
their environment in the way that members of the IETF take for granted. So
they do not have the ability to move on.

If someone joins a cult of their own free will that is fine. But the way
that these filters are being applied is much closer to the case of Adelphia
TV which bought out the cable system of LA and then decided to drop all the
programming that did not meet their fine moral principals. Now that Adelphia
is bankrupt and the Riggas family is facing fraud charges there are many in
LA asking whose moral principals were at fault.


> Some religious orders dictate whom their members may and may 
> not consort
> with, what media channels they may receive, etc.  Some members (and
> others) of those orders follows those dictates, others 
> variously stray.
> 
> What's the difference?
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 14:47:46 -0700

> On Wed, 7 May 2003 13:14:59 -0700
> Phillip Hallam-Baker <Hallam-Baker> wrote:
> 
> >> Should the holder of the DNS keys be a dictator over all the mail
> >> sent from his domain?  You say, "Yes!"  I say, "Hell no!"
> 
> > Domain names are not a scarce resource.
> 
> They are not scarce technically.  They can be scarce politically.

That is not the case, top level domains are scarce but there is plenty of
unused space in all the existing TLDs.

There are 208 billion eight letter domains in dotcom alone, that is enough
for twenty for every person on the planet.

If they become scarce for political reasons we can always create a new
hierarchy. 

		Phill


 
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Subject: RE: Consent (was Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article )
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 13:14:59 -0700

> Should the holder of the DNS keys be a dictator over all the mail sent
> from his domain?  You say, "Yes!"  I say, "Hell no!"  

Domain names are not a scarce resource. The only way that you can in the
long term protect your identity in cyberspace is to control your own domain.

The domain name owner can decide what mail you receive. I see no reason why
control over what is sent is an ideological issue.

I much prefer the concept that everyone is master of their own domain than
we have to submit to the predjudices of whoever the self appointed censor of
the week would be. 


		Phill
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 06:23:55 -0700


>   When you receive a message with an envelope 'from' in a domain, has
> that domain consented to the use of it's name?  Right now, we don't
> know.  With something like RMX, the owners of that domain can make
> their consent explicit.

The opponents of RMX seem to live in a world where there are two choices,
delivering the mail and sending it to the bit bucket.

That is NOT what is being proposed. What is actually being proposed is
a three choice system - Deliver, Spam-Filter and Bit-Bucket.

The reason for this is that we can see that in the near future the
spam filtering criteria are going to escalate like mad. So getting
your mail through will be harder. 

Getting caught in the spam trap will be almost as bad as going to
the bit bucket direct at some stage.


If I have proof a message came from the hotmail servers and I know
that they employ rate limiting the chance that the message is spam
is small. so the message can either be delivered immediately or 
spam filtered with a much lower level of suspicion.

Of course there are circumstances that RMX does not address and
there are a couple of problems with the degree of authentication.
in particular we already have problems with spam senders stealing
unused IP address blocks. RMX could create an incentive to start
DNS spoofing and advertising BGP routes for blocks that are in
use.


		Phill
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 14:58:24 -0700

We have very similar statistics, spoofing is very common.

The reason the spam senders do it is that they do not want to
leave a trail.

Quite why it is worthwhile to send out huge volumes of spam
without any means of contacting the purported vendor cannot
be said with certainty at this point. I have theories but
I prefer to share them with law enforcement.

		Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: David Walker [mailto:antispam@grax.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, May 07, 2003 11:59 AM
> To: Barry Shein; Alan DeKok
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats
> 
> 
> With regards to spoofing being a minor problem.
> Out of 3130 denied messages 
> (to accounts I had to stop because they were receiving 100% spam)
>  @juno.com                                        |    36
>  @netscape.com                                    |    38
>  @email.com                                       |    40
>  @excite.com                                      |    50
>  @lycos.com                                       |    50
>  @earthlink.net                                   |    71
>  @msn.com                                         |    72
>  @yemenmail.com                                   |    93
>  @hotmail.com                                     |   241
>  @aol.com                                         |   298
>  @yahoo.com                                       |   311
> Total | 1300
> 
> 1300 out of 3130 = 41% of all my denies are very high 
> likelyhood spoofs from 
> the popular domains
> 1050 out of 3130 = 34% are guaranteed spoofs (The helo name 
> is not remotely 
> associated with the spoofed domain) from the popular domains.
> (These numbers do not represent all spoofing I receive but 
> rather just the 
> spoofing to popular domains)
> 
> So it doesn't look like a minor problem to me.  Sure it is 
> easy to avoid by
> 1. switching to domains that have not implemented RMX yet
> 2. by setting up your own domains
> but in the first case the DNS admin would have a tool to 
> fight them (he can 
> configure his RMX records) and with the second there is a 
> cost involved.
> 
> Assuming just the 11 domains and I implement RMX it becomes 
> useful as I could 
> receive messages from my friends and family that use those services.
> 
> On Tuesday 06 May 2003 05:26 pm, Barry Shein wrote:
> > No, the problem is that this spoofing is a minor problem and any
> > solution is easily evaded by spammers.
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 21:19:49 -0400


>From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
>
>On May 7, 2003 at 14:14 eric@infobro.com (Eric D. Williams) wrote:
>  > On Wednesday, May 07, 2003 1:32 PM, Barry Shein 
> [SMTP:bzs@world.std.com] wrote:
>  > 8<...>8
>  > > Did you know that a typical lifetime of a spammer's web site is under
>  > > two hours? How exactly do they do that?
>  >
>  > Could you provide a pointer to the resource(s) where you gathered that
>  > information?  I would like to incorporate this type of information 
> into a list
>  > of informative references.
>
>Go to the site for the MIT spam conference last January, I think it's
>spamconference.org, and see if the attorney's talk, the one who was
>involved in the Verizon/Ralsky suit, is still up, he talked about
>this, specifically.

I looked at the site, the only attorney I can find is Jon Praed of the 
Internet Law Group. A copy of his slides can be found here and the webcast 
can be found here (his presention is session #4):

http://www.spamconference.org/praed.pdf
http://www.spamconference.org/webcast.html

I haven't had a chance to look at the webcast since I am have a very slow 
connection at the moment. But interestingly enough, it seems that he 
participated in the March 20, 2003 ASRG meeting (see the minutes at 
http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/03mar/minutes/asrg.htm and his slides at 
http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/03mar/slides/asrg-4/). Perhaps someone 
(Paul?) can contact him and find out his sources. This would be essential 
for understanding the overall spam problem.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 19:47:34 -0600 (MDT)

> From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>

> ...
> Sending addresses are the property of the domain.  Mail sent within the 
> acceptable domain uses is not spoofed.  Mail sent through other channels to 
> avoid domain policies is spoofed.
>
> It seems to be a common misconception that addresses are the property of the 
> sender.  If you want an address to be your property you can sign up for your 
> own domain, otherwise they belong to the domain and the domain administrators 
> set the policy for each domain.

We do not agree that abusing an address amounts to forgery.  In my
view that makes as little sense as saying that if you abuse a rental
car, you are guilty of auto theft.


> I did a little checking on the existence of some of the addresses and 
> yahoo.com and aol.com didn't generate an error if the account did not exist 
> and the other accounts I checked did not exist.

I don't understand that sentence.


> > Many perfectly legitimate owners of netscape.com and other free
> > provider mailboxes uses those addresses as sender addresses in
> > their mail but send mail from unrelated ISPs.  Sometimes they do
> > this to avoid exposing their more private addresses to spam.  In
> > other cases port-25 filtering or other problems prevent them from
> > sending mail except through the unrelated ISP.
>
> They can use webmail.  The services most often impersonated are webmail 
> services and the correct use of that service is via webmail or such other 
> methods as that provider (hotmail,yahoo, etc) may permit.
> Those that are not webmail all provide smtp and pop servers and that is the 
> proper way to send mail through them.

What is your standing for telling AOL and users of netscape.com how
those addresses can be used?  By what authority do you tell AOL to
change the terms and conditions for the use of netscape.com addresses?
How can you presume to tell those users to use webmail instead of some
other ISP's MTA?

I could understand your telling AOL to that you will refuse mail with
Netscape.com envelope addresses until and unless AOL changes the T&C
for netscape.com addresses, since that is what I do.  However, I do
not presume to say that AOL's T&Cs are invalid or other than what they
are or that any free provider that does not use the free provider's
sending MTA is "forging" anything.

I assume that AOL, Microsoft, Lycos, and the rest of the free providers
will continue to do whatever suits them.  I do not think I have any
right to tell or even suggest to them that they should change.  I do
not expect them to start doing background checks (e.g. a TRW credit
check) or requiring an effective bond against bad behavior by their
users.  On occassion an official of a free provider has contacted me
about http://www.rhyolite.com/anti-spam/freemail.html  The tiny outfits
tend to bluster, threaten, and demand that their domain names be
removed.  The big outfits are cordial and do none of that.  They seem
to understand my position and motives and do not even suggest that I
remove their domain names.


> > If your definition of "spoofed domain" includes the notion that
> > the spoofed address is not perfectly legitimately and own by the
> > user sending the message, what would you suggest to those innocent
> > people?  By turning off the mail of those innocent people, would
> > RMX be creating problems?
>
> RMX doesn't turn off mail to innocent people.  RMX helps to ensure that users 
> follow the policies of their domains.  No ISP that I know of blocks port 80 
> or 443 and those are the correct method for sending messages via a WEBmail 
> service unless the provider deems it acceptable to allow other methods.

HTTP whether over port 80 or with TLS over port 443 is useless for
sending mail in many circumstances.  For example, if you are using a
laptop in an airport or on an airplane, unless you are very rich, you
probably cannot afford to stay connected and a remote web page to
compose outgoing email.  Thus, forcing people to use port 80 or 443
or nothing to send mail does turn off mail for some people.

Are you saying that people who do not use the sending MTAs of their free
providers for entirely legitimate mail are not at least mostly innocent?
If so we lack a common ground for discussion.  I've often said that free
providers are parasites on the Internet because they depend on outsiders
to police their spammers, and so users of free providers share that
guilt, but your position sounds extreme even to me.


> > If your definition includes some notion of forgery, how do you know
> > whether a message with unrelated sender address and reverse DNS domains
> > is spoofed or forged?  Do you have some way to ask the administrators
> > of the "spoofed" domain about the sender address?
>
>In 316 of the 3130 (10%) they connected using either my own domain name or the 
> IP address of my mail server as their helo domain.  That is clear and 
> undeniable proof that their intent is not to innocently inform me of the 
> latest Viagra substitute but rather to exploit possible holes in my rules in 
> order to deliver their crap.
> ...

Ok, they forged their HELO values.  I assume they also tried to
defraud you with their bogus offers.  However, that implies nothing
about whether their SMTP envelope Mail_From values were in any
honest sense forged.

How do you explain the extremely non-random character of your list?
Why aren't spammers using random domain names or random big company
domain names instead of concentrating on providers that give dropboxes
with little no due diligence?   My explanation is that spammers care
about that lack of due diligence and that implies they own most of
those sender addresses.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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On Wednesday 07 May 2003 08:47 pm, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> How do you explain the extremely non-random character of your list?
> Why aren't spammers using random domain names or random big company
> domain names instead of concentrating on providers that give dropboxes
> with little no due diligence?   My explanation is that spammers care
> about that lack of due diligence and that implies they own most of
> those sender addresses.

Incredible.  Unfortunately I cannot afford to keep up with the sheer mass of 
words as I have to work a full time job also.

I explain the non-random character of my list because random domain names 
appear once on my list and therefore did not appear in the top 11 most 
common.  Almost 2000 messages did not appear in the top 11 and I am not going 
to post those random domains here.

Your are incredibly hypocritical to be blocking those free domains that RMX 
could make usable again.  You've expended endless amounts of energy 
"defending" the very people you block.  Why do you block them when they are 
so innocent?

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To: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RE: Directing ASRG Activity
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 19:57:10 -0700

At 10:34 AM 5/7/03 -0400, Paul Judge wrote:
>Yakov, 
>
>I appreciate your feedback and your interest in contributing.
>
>There are a number of work items being pursued and ideas that have been
>proposed. However, overall it is difficult to identify the productive
>conversations as a newcomer and also difficult to follow them from there. 
>
>I am very much aware of the guidelines in RFC 2014 and have been working
>diligently towards them including "ensuring the research group process and
>content management" as well as "moderating the research group email list".
>Please view the history of messages that I have posted on the mailing list
>and you will notice that I have set forth the work items of the ASRG and
>sought volunteers for each of these items. Some are actively being pursued
>while others are not. I also set forth a labeling technique to help people
>follow the different threads. Some participants used it while others decided
>not to comply. As far as flaming, in the past, I responded to such threads
>to the list to stop the debate. Recently, I have been responding to the
>involved parties off-list. Even in situations that are not flaming, but are
>individuals continuing to pursue unproductive conversation such as Dave
>Crocker's recent rants about RMX, I have held off-list conversations to move
>those debates off of the list until they turn productive. Recently, I began
>active moderation of certain participants using the mailing list software.
>The list of participants that are moderated in this manner will increase.
>Persons are not happy about being included on this list, however the
>productivity of this list is more important than my popularity on this list.
>The purpose of this group is to contribute to solving the spam problem. I
>realize that not everyone on this list has that as a priority; therefore, I
>will be more stringent in determining persons that are acting in a manner
>contrary to this goal and eliminate the negative effect that they have on
>this group. 
>

In my limited experience with other anti-spam groups, I've noticed
two dominant points of view, which I label "spam assassin" and 
"spammer assassin", though perhaps "anti-spam" and "anti-spammer"
would be more PC.

IMO, those two categories (anti-spam and anti-spammer) would be a
good first branch in any taxonomy.
Although there is of course overlap between the two, 
in general it's very difficult for those two 
philosophies to come to terms with each other.  
Statements like "the proposal wouldn't stop any spam" are viewed 
as irrelevant to one side, and a show stopper to the other.


I suggest that serious consideration
be given to the idea of splitting this into two research groups,
each working on the goals in context of those two schools of thought.


Just my $0.02

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>

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Cc: waltdnes@waltdnes.org
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for Fightin
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 21:20:22 -0600

<waltdnes@waltdnes.org> wrote in message news:20030508011739.GA2286@m1800...
>   Wouldn't it be possible for a mailing list to give whitelisting
>criteria on a webpage ?

Yes, it defenitely would, but then the questions become:
What format is the "whitelisting criteria" in?
What web page? ie: where does my MUA look?
And how do you pick a standard location that works for everyone?

The answer I came up with is a public database that any MUA can look in, and 
that any list operator can create an entry in. The entrys would follow a 
standard convention, and a standard method of quirying the database would be 
developed for easy implimentation at the MUA end.

Basicaly it would just be a way of facilitating any out of band transfer of 
information that would be required, but it could use smtp protocals for 
backward compatability. uses could include IP addressess, PGP signature 
keys, anything.

I guess it would be a sort of certificate issuer, only the contents of the 
certificates would be up to the entry creator, and the only identity it 
would verify would be that the entry creator had access to the address 
mentioned in the certificate(s).

the database entry could even be a format declaration, and a website to look 
at, but then you need to pick or develop a format declaration language, and 
ensure that MUA's can "compile" it, and understand the resulting page. 
Hedache city, and un-necisary complexity. The better choice is, I think, to 
allow standard pieces of info, and write standard interfaces to them.
sorry i was rambling.

>   A mailing list could give its MTA name as outbound.bad.example.com and
>the "host" command ("nslookup" on some OS's) could get a list
>corresponding IP addresses, and check to see whether the sender is on
>that list.  Note that I specified name, not address.  This allows the
>list to move to a new ISP by editing its DNS zone entries.  No need for
>end-users to change anything in this case.

Yes a mailing list could give this and that, and it could be checked this or 
that way. But a standard method, with standard tools, and a standard method 
of accessing it would be usefull to many more people.

Tell them if you do "this", you don't have to worry cause the other people 
just have to do "that" in order to understand. I think that's true 
regardless of the subject.

John Fenley

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To: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for Fightin 
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 20:43:20 -0700

On Wed, 07 May 2003 21:20:22 -0600 
John Fenley <pontifier@hotmail.com> wrote:

> Yes a mailing list could give this and that, and it could be checked
> this or that way. But a standard method, with standard tools, and a
> standard method of accessing it would be usefull to many more people.

As I've previously mentioned I've been noodling on a consent token
protocol.  It here follows:

--<cut>--
I'm sending this now, in its rough'n'ready state as if I don't I likely
won't get to send it at all.  This is a set of loosely structured notes.
If you want EBNFs and protocol FSM diagrams, this isn't going to be it.
If you'd like to help phrase this in more IETF/RFC friendly form, I'd
welcome your assistance.  As I mentioned, this is primarily a set of
workin notes.

Premises:

  No such system is perfect.  This system is in particular very
  imperfect.  The definitions that humans use to define their
  relationships, preferences and value sets are subjective and
  contextual.  This system cannot and does not attempt to reflect
  such concerns.  Instead, this system merely attempts to provide a
  method which allows relationships to be recorded as a set of
  "rights granted", and for subsequent manipulation of those granted
  rights by manipulation of the records of the granted tokens.

This is not Challenge/Response:

  This is not about challenge/response systems, does not require or
  define a challenge response system and in fact has little to do
  with challenge response systems.  That said, a challenge response
  system could trivially be used in close cooperation with this
  system.

  This system describes how consent tokens can be encoded in
  messages, manipulated by messages and MUAs, and otherwise used.
  It does not state the processes required to generate a consent
  token, either on the part of the humans involved, or the software.
  Challenge response systems could be used, but are not required.

This is not PKI or crypto:

  There is no need or requirement in this system for crypto or PKI
  beyond a possible use of one way hashes in constructing consent
  tokens.  There is also no need or use of custom DNS entries at any
  point in the system.

Basic model:

  People can agree, explicitly or tacitly, to accept email from each
  other.  To express this agreement they give each other tokens
  which we'll call, "consent tokens".  Subsequent email from each
  party bears the token the other gave them, thus demonstrating that
  they are someone who has been granted permission/consent by the
  recipient.

    Very loosely the model can be described as, "Here is a special
    key.  When you see me a again, bring this special key with you
    so I can recognise you."

  To a large extent the possession of the token could be considered
  a "what you know" in the standard security model of
  identification.  To prevent replay/spoof attacks, the consent
  tokens may contain (implementation dependent detail) one way
  hashes of key difficult to forge data, like Return-Path and From:
  (both), thus providing an easy method of validating a token in a
  given message against the message.

The following proposal discusses how such tokens may be defined, how
they can move between people's systems, and thusly, how they may be
used.

Purposes:

  The fundamental purpose of the consent token protocol is to allow
  messages to be identified as consensual or not.  By this is meant
  that the recipient of the message can determine if a given message
  he receives is a continuation of a prior relationship which he
  approved of, or is a message from a stranger or unwelcome source.

  Attempts to deduce consent by any other means than, "continuation
  or expansion of prior relationship" is not addressed by this
  protocol.

Requirements:

  Resistant to forgery and obvious attempts to evade, manipulate, or
  compromise.

  Does not require PKI.

  Friends must be able to easily email friends.

  People must be able to establish consensual relationships.

  People must be able to encode tentative consensual relationships
  for things like printed media, business cards, and the like.

  Mailing lists must work, well.

  Replies to a prior post must be able to be recognised as such.

  Email sent to an address provided by means other than SMTP (eg web
  based subscription or response to web-base marketing) by the
  service the address was passed to should not be interfered with.

  The protocol should be friendly to people using software and
  systems which DON'T support the consent token protocol, and should
  fail gracefully for those using non-supporting systems.

  Throw-away addresses should be easy (eg for use in posted small
  ads, conference registrations, etc) and should not require ISP
  involvement.

Consent Token Definition:

  A consent token is a 7-bit clean string which is assumed to be
  opaque to everyone but the author of the token.

  Opacity in this regard simple indicates that meaning can be
  extracted from the consent token string by the creator of the
  token, but that no such meaning is necessarily (reliably)
  derivable by others.  Opacity is not a requirement of a consent
  token, but is easy to achieve and has a number of values when
  present.

  The basic use of a consent token is as a frank on messages sent to
  the originator of the token to show that you are party to the
  shared secret encapsulated in the token.

  What this proposal defines:

    When and how consent tokens are originated.

    When and how they may be requested.

    How consent tokens can be used to facilitate naturally friendly
    human communication.

    How the protocol supports maintenance of consent tokens.'

  The consent token protocol is not intended to define:

    How a consent token is constructed.

    What a consent tokens looks like (beyond being a 7bit clean
    ASCII string suitable for use in email addresses and
    Message-IDs).

    How meaning is encoded into a consent token.

    How meanings are to be encoded into consent tokens.

  Loosely, this is a definition of a means of transport, not what
  the transport may carry.

  Note however that a number of basic "meanings" are suggested for
  consent tokens, and are used to exemplify and illustrate how the
  consent token protocol functions.  These are however
  implementation specific details that are beyond the scope of this
  article, and are used for illustrative purposes only.

Consent token types used in discussion and possible implementations
of types:

  Intellectually this proposal is built on the work of TMDA and its
  use of special strings encoded in plus address to encode various
  forms and levels of consent.  It is strongly suggested that
  readers review TMDA, its capabilities, and in particular the
  various forms of consent TMDA can encode.

  For the purpose of this article the following forms are assumed
  encodable in a consent token.

    - The token is valid for mail from a specific Return-Path
    (called a "sender address token").

    - The token is valid for mail from a specific From: (called a
    from address token).

    - The token is valid for mail for a specific date range from the
    time of origination of the token (called a "dated token")

    - The token has no validity criteria, but does encode a value
    (typically a word or some other human-useful character sequence)
    which can be used to differentiate it from other always valid
    consent tokens (called a "keyword token").

  In addition all the above types may be combined in the various
  permutations, producing such things as a, "dated sender and from
  address token", or a "dated keyword token", and so forth.

  A given token type, embedded in an email address, creates an
  address of that token type.  eg a dated address, a sender address,
  etc.

  A simple way of encoding such data is via an one-way hash of the
  relevant data with a secret.  A received token is first parsed to
  see what sort of data is encoded in it, the relevant data is then
  extracted from the message, and a duplicate token computed using a
  constant secret.  If the two tokens match, then the stated consent
  relationship is validated.

    Note: TMDA has a rather clear implementation of this sort of
    arrangement for almost all of the above token types.

  Please note that these are are not required consent token forms,
  they are merely used as models and examples in showing how the
  consent token protocol works.  Implementations may freely choose
  their own consent token definitions and encodings.  None of the
  above are necessary for the protocol.

Acting on Consent Tokens:

  This proposal does not define how a supporting MUA will act upon
  consent tokens it successfully or unsuccessfully validates.  There
  re many possibilities and this is one of the many areas left as an
  implementation and end-user configuration choice.

  Several possible handlings are envisioned for messages with tokens
  that fail to validate:

      - Message is rejected/bounced.

      - Message is discarded silently.

      - Message is held pending a successful response to a challenge
      response system.

      - Message is filed by the MUA in a location or with an
      annotation that its token is bad (there could be several
      grades of such annotations, for example depending on how far
      expired the dated token was)

      - Message is filed normally.

  As there are many possible types and degrees of consent token
  validation failures, the number and range of possible responses
  could be equally large.  This is a question for end-user
  implementation and configuration, as it doesn't affect or define
  the protocol.

    Note that this ground has already been partially explored by
    TMDA.  Additionally its also very easy to build complex and
    rather arcane systems using consent tokens, as the TMDA
    documentation amply shows.  The intent of this protocol is not
    to require such complex systems, but to build a very simple base
    that people can use and adapt as they need and want.

Consent Token Embedding:

  Consent tokens are encoded in three basic places:

    1) Message-IDs.

    2) Plus addresses (care is taken to make this human-friendly)

    3) A small range of X- headers for specific protocol state
    transforms.

  Note:

    Tokens are encoded in email addresses (or Message-IDs which are
    like email addresses) as plus addresses.  In particular consent
    tokens are not dealt with as discrete items by anything other
    than the system which generated that specific token and bearing
    address.  As far as recipients are concerned, a token can be
    considered inseparable from its bearing email address.  More
    particularly, it is assumed that there is no necessarily
    reliable way for a third party to examine an arbitrary address
    which is carrying a consent token (via plus address) and
    determine which bits are the consent token and which the base
    address.

    No definitions are made about how plus addressing is to be
    accomplished or what plus addressing character is to be used.
    That is an implementation detail that only concerns the
    receiving MTA and MUA in that they have to be able to recognise
    addresses for delivery (MTA) and to extract consent tokens for
    analysis (MUA).  It has no bearing or relation to the rest of
    the world, and is outside of this protocol definition.  That
    said, typical choices for plus address characters are '+' and
    '-'.  The TMDA FAQ contains a useful commentary on the use of
    each and their impact on currently deployed mail systems.

  Use of Message-IDs:

    The use of consent tokens in Message-IDs provides the ground work
    that much of the rest of the system is built on.  A supporting MUA
    will:

      1) Encode a Message-ID which contains a consent token in every
      message it originates.  As Message-IDs have the same structure
      and encoding limits as email addresses, a plus addressing form
      may be used to encode the consent token into the Message-ID
      value.

        The explicit assumption here is that subsequent systems will
        not remove or alter any Message ID so defined.  This is
        already known to be an unreliable assumption.  Specifically
        some list servers on broadcasting a message will generate a
        new Message-ID for the broadcast message.  This is explicitly
        allowed by current standards, but is censured by this
        protocol.

        Note that the meaning encoded into the consent token is an
        end-user configuration, but would likely be either a dated
        token, a keyword token, or a dated keyword token.

      2) Check the Message-IDs in the In-Reply-To and (optionally)
      References: headers, and extract and check any consent tokens
      from the current system.

        The assumption here is that replies to a message generated
        by the local system will have a correct In-Reply-To header,
        and that subsequent messages in the thread will have correct
        References: headers.  These assumptions are known to be
        unreliable.  Some commonly used MUAs don't generate
        In-Reply-To or References headers at all.

      3) Correctly generate In-Reply-To: and References: headers for
      replies.

  In the handling of consent tokens in sending mail to addresses
  which have extant consent relationships there are three choices
  here, none fully elegant.  The local system can rewrite the public
  headers (To:, Cc:, Bcc:) to use a plus-address provided by the
  other end of the consent relationship, an X- header can be used to
  encode the token on a per-address basis, or the SMTP envelope can
  be set by those MUAs which speak SMTP to use the appropriate
  consent tokens.

  Taking them in reverse order:

    Encoding the consent tokens in the envelope runs into the
    problem that there is no standardised way for LDAs and MDAs to
    encode Envelope-To: in a message for MUA processing.  Envelope
    encoding is also fragile across .forwards and aliasesq, and this
    system needs to be robust in those cases.

    Encoding the consent tokens in X- headers is effective, but has
    the slightly displeasing problem of encoding BOTH the flat
    version of the address and the tokenised version of the address
    in the same message, which is an unwelcome information leak fir
    third parties, and acts as a tacit consent for addresses bearing
    consent tokens to be sent to third parties, uninvolved in the
    relationship expressed by the consent token.

      Principle: The only people who should ever see an address
      bearing a consent token are the people involved in the
      relationship expressed by the consent token.

    Rewriting the public headers to encode the consent tokens can be
    offensive if consent data is encoded in headers of a message to
    sent to someone outside of the relationship.  Using the
    consensual forms of an address in public headers to someone
    outside of the relationship creates a utility problem in that it
    makes published a consent address as if it were a base address
    for those people.  Not good.

    Some explanations via example

      For example if a given message is sent to Bubba and CC'ed to
      Boffo:

        From: me@domain
        To: bubba@domain
        Cc: boffo@domain

      The system could rewrite all the headers at once:

        From: me@domain
        To: bubba+consent-token@domain
        Cc: boffo-consent-token@domain

      This presents a problem.  If Bubba wants to privately email
      Boffo, and he didn't previously know him or his address, he's
      going to email boffo-consent-token@domain which is wrong, as
      Boffo's system will fail to validate the consent token if it
      was unique to me@domain

      Ergo, the correct behaviour is to send to discrete messages,
      each with separately rewritten headers:

        1) Envelope-To: bubba+consent-token@domain
           From: me@domain
           To: bubba+consent-token@domain
           Cc: boffo@domain

        2) Envelope-To: boffo-consent-token@domain
           From: me@domain
           To: bubba@domain
           Cc: boffo-consent-token@domain

      This way each recipient sees the "public" forms of the
      addresses for other people he expects/recognises, and the
      consent-token address for himself that his system recognises.

      Notes:

        This effectively requires that MUAs not deliver mail via
        `sendmail -t`, and instead only use SMTP or `sendmail -bm`.

        This makes some forms of system optimisation more difficult
        (RCPT TO bundling).

    The problem with rewriting the public headers for the current
    recipient is that there are no public headers for the current
    recipient in the case of a BCC (such as in the mailing list
    case).  In the BBC case the consent token has to be encoded
    somewhere else, such as in an X- header.

Use of X- Headers as a Command Layer:

    X- headers are fundamentally useful for negotiations in the
    consent protocol.  A core problem is that the consent token
    protocol needs to usable by end-user systems which don't support
    it, across language barriers, and across human disability
    barriers (eg blind).  The problem then is to encode data into a
    protocol negotiation message which can be reliably machine
    parsed so that a supporting MUA can Do The Right Thing, while
    also encoding human-comprehendable data in the same message so
    that humans using non-supporting systems can process the message
    intelligently and usefully.

    The basic idea here is that the machine parse-able data is
    encoded in canonical forms in defined X- headers, leaving the
    message body free to contain something human friendly, which can
    be adapted to foreign languages, users with disabilities,
    suitably localised, etc.  In this line the message body would
    communicate the meanings of the below X- headers as appropriate.

      Note: By default, messages between consenting parties will
      need no special X-headers to express the consent
      relationships, as that data is encoded in the rewritten public
      headers on each message.

    The basic consent token negotiations (ie the arcs on the finite
    state machine graph) are:

      1) Grant/send a consent token

      2) Request a consent token for the sending address.

        a) Request a consent token for a third party address.

      3) Update/change an already granted consent token

      4) State that a previously granted consent token has been
      revoked.

      5) State that a received message has failed consent validation
      (for whatever reason).

      6) Apply a consent token to a previously received message
      which didn't bear a token (or bore an invalid token).

    The lexicon of consent token protocol X- headers is:

      X-Consent: <address@domain>

        States the consent-token address which can be used in future
        correspondence.  A receiving MUA should update its internal
        data with this address so that it can automatically
        substitute it in future mail sent to the address in From:.
        User's of not-supporting MUA's can manually enter the
        address into their email aliases/list so that their MUA can
        do the Right Thing at alias expansion time.

      X-Consent-Token: address

        In the case that the recipient of the message is not present
        in the To: or CC: headers (ie a BCC), meaning that no
        there's no direct opportunity for encoding a consent token,
        the consent token address used may be placed in an
        X-Consent-Token: header for the BCC'ed address.  The
        __ONLY__ time an X-Consent-Token: header should be used is
        for BCC's to the receiving address.  Use of this header in
        all other cases is an error.

          Note: In the case where a mailing list sends a message to
          an address which is already present in the public headers
          (eg courtesy copy), an X-Consent-Token: header should be
          used as, as those headers don't apply to this instance of
          the message over this transport.

      X-Consent-Update: <address@domain>

        Explicitly states that the receiving MUA should discardand
        previously acquired consent token for the address and
        replace it with this header's value.  A receiving MUA should
        update its internal data with this new consent token address
        for future use.  Note that the received message should have
        a validating consent token to update.  Users of
        non-supporting MUAs can manually update their email alias
        lists.

        Typically this header would be used when upgrading someone's
        consent token to a more privileged form (eg extended or
        changed date range, removal of date range etc).  This header
        should only be used on messages which contain no other data
        (ie messages which are dedicated to handling a token update)
        so that receiving systems can be safely configured to handle
        then automatically.

      X-Consent-Request: from@domain return-path@domain

        States that the sender wants a consent token address from
        the recipient, and encodes the value of From:/Return-Path:
        that may be used in encoding the consent token (token
        generator's choice as to what data he uses if any).

        Typically a reply to a message bearing this header will
        contain an X-Consent: header.  Depending on implementation
        and end-user configuration, this may happen automatically,
        or after an end-user confirmation or some other process such
        as a challenge/response.

      X-Consent-Request-For: <address@domain>

        A message bearing this header requests that a message
        containing an X-Consent: token grant be sent to the stated
        address.  Note that received message should bear a
        validating consent token.

        This header should only be used on messages which contain no
        other data so that receiving systems can be safely
        configured to handle such requests automatically.

      X-Consent-Revoked: <address@domain>

        Tells the recipient MUA that the stated consent token
        address has been revoked and should not be used any more.
        If it is accompanied by an X-Consent: header, this is
        effectively analogous to an X-Consent-Update: header.  Note
        that the received message should have a validating consent
        token.

        This header should only be used on messages which contain no
        other data (ie messages which are dedicated to handling a
        token update) so that receiving systems can be safely
        configured to handle then automatically.  The receiving MUA
        is of course not obliged to honour the request.  This is an
        informational header only.  Enforcement and application of
        token semantics occurs with the MUA that originated the
        token.

      X-Consent-Release: message-id

        Instructs the receiving MUA to consider that a message with
        the stated Message-ID is carrying the consent token that the
        current message is carrying.  Note that message bearing this
        header should have a validating consent token,.

        This header should only be used on messages which contain no
        other data (ie messages which are dedicated to handling a
        token update) so that receiving systems can be safely
        configured to handle then automatically.  Typically this is
        used in automatic (unattended) response to a message with an
        X-Consent-Held: header.  See below for details.

      X-Consent-Held: message-id

        Typically sent to the Return-Path: of the received message,
        optionally with the held message attached as a
        message/rfc822 part (useful if the sender doesn't have a
        consent token for the recipient, unnecessary if he does have
        a consent token for the recipient), this header tells the
        receiving MUA that a message with the stated Message-ID is
        being held or potential-spam-filed etc due to consent token
        failure or absence.

        This header, along with X-Consent-Release: can form (not
        required) the grounds of a basic fully-mechanised consent
        token challenge/response system.  If the received message
        bears a validating consent token, the receiving MUA can
        safely reply with an X-Consent-Release: header.  If the
        received message doesn't have a consent token, then the
        receiving MUA may present the choice to the user or act as
        configured by the user.

        This header should only be used on messages which contain no
        other data (ie messages which are dedicated to handling a
        token update) so that receiving systems can be safely
        configured to handle then automatically.

Deployed MTA requirements:

  Deployed MTAs would require the following configuration aspects:

    1) Support for plus addressing.  Happily all current versions of
    all common MTAs support plus addressing, and have done for
    several years.

    2) Do not replace MUA-generated Message-IDs.

    3) Encode the return path from the message envelope in a
    Return-Path: header in the received message.  Exim and I'm told
    Qmail do this by default.  I've not yet checked other MTAs.


Examples:

  Note that in the folloing examples the string "consent-token" is
  mean to indicate the prsence of some form of consent token.  It
  states nothing about the value of the token, or how it relates to
  other values of "consent-token".



    Bubba emails Boffo (a stranger) requesting help:

      Return-Path: bubba@domain
      From: bubba@domain
      To: boffo@domain
      X-Consent: <bubba+consent-token@domain>
      Message-ID: <bubba+consent-token+someothergarbage@domain>
      Subject: Please help me.

    Boffo has is his mail forwarded to weird_address@domain, and
    further, doesn't use a an MUA which supports the consent token
    protocol.  He replies:

      Return-Path: weird_address@domain
      From: weird_address@domain
      To: bubba@domain
      In-Reply-To: <bubba+consent-token+someothergarbage@domain>
      Subject: Re: Please help me.

    Bubba's MUA doesn't recognise the weird_address@domain, but does
    recognise the Message-ID in the In-Reply-To: and successfully
    extracts the consent token from it and handles appropriately.



    Bubba emails Bernie (a stranger) requesting help:

      Return-Path: bubba@domain
      From: bubba@domain
      To: bernie@domain
      X-Consent: <bubba+consent-token@domain>
      Message-ID: <bubba+consent-token+someothergarbage@domain>
      Subject: Please help me.

    Bernie has is his mail forwarded to some_guy@domain, and
    further, uses an MUA which supports the consent token protocol.
    He replies:

      Return-Path: some_guy@domain
      From: some_guy@domain
      To: boffo+consent-token@domain
      In-Reply-To: <bubba+consent-token+someothergarbage@domain>
      X-Consent: <boffo-consent-token@domain>
      Subject: Re: Please help me.

    Bubba's MUA doesn't recognise the weird_address@domain, but does
    recognise the consent token address in the To: field, and
    successfully extracts and handles the consent token.  Further,
    Bubba's MUA notices the X-Consent: header that Bernie's MUA
    added, and sores that address away for future use so that the
    next message Boffo sends Bernie will automagically be sent as
    follows (even tho Bubba enters bernie@domain):

      Return-Path: bubba@domain
      From: bubba@domain
      To:: boffo-consent-token@domain
      X-Consent: <bubba+consent-token@domain>
      Subject: About something else...



    Bubba wants to setup a consensual email relationship with Billy
    (a stranger):

      Return-Path: bubba@domain
      From: bubba@domain
      To: billy@domain
      X-Consent: <boffo+consent-token@domain>
      Message-ID: <boffo+consent-token+othergarbage@domain>
      X-Consent-Request: bubba@domain bubba@domain
      Subject: Let's work together

    Billy's MUA doesn't support consent token negotiations, and so
    he sees (lame attempt at an example human friendly message
    body):

      Return-Path: bubba@domain
      From: bubba@domain
      To: billy@domain
      X-Consent: <boffo+consent-token@domain>
      Message-ID: <boffo+consent-token+someothergarbage@domain>
      X-Consent-Request: bubba@domain bubba@domain
      Subject: Let's work together

      bubba@domain would like to exchange email with you in a
      trusting spam-free way.  If you want to send mail to him in
      future, please use the following address:

        boffo+consent-token@domain

      bubba@domain's email system will automatically recognise mail
      sent to that address as from you and not forged or spam.

      What address would you like bubba@domain to use in emailing
      you?  Please reply with the particulars.  If you'd like
      bubba@domain to continue using the address this message was
      sent to, billy@domain, you don't have to do anything.

    If Billy used an MUA which supported the protocol, his MUA would
    recognise the X-Consent-Request header and act upon it.  It
    could query Billy for the appropriate action (perhaps by pop-up
    dialog), or if configured to, perhaps even reply automatically
    with a consent token with a short date range validity (say 2
    days).



    Bubba subscribes to a mailing list run by a list manager which
    supports the consent token protocol:

      Return-Path: bubba@domain
      From: bubba@domain
      To: list-request@domain
      X-Consent: <boffo+consent-token@domain>
      Message-ID: <boffo+consent-token+someothergarbage@domain>
      Subject: subscribe

      Return-Path: list-admin@domain
      From: list-admin@domain
      To: bubba+consent-token@domain
      In-Reply-To: <bubba+consent-token+someothergarbage@domain>
      X-Consent: <list-admin-consent-token@domain>
      Message-ID: <list-consent-token+someothergarbage@domain>
      X-Consent-Request: list@domain list@domain
      Subject: Please confirm your subscription by replying

      Return-Path: bubba@domain
      From: bubba@domain
      To: list-admin-consent-token@domain
      X-Consent: <boffo+consent-token@domain>
      Message-ID: <boffo+consent-token+someothergarbage@domain>
      In-Reply-To: <list-consent-token+someothergarbage@domain>
      Subject: Re: Please confirm your subscription by replying

    Note how the consent tokens are automatically negotiated and
    maintained without the human user's involvement.  The user's MUA
    primes the pump (and thus tells the list manager that he
    supports the consent protocol) by having an X-Consent: header in
    the initial subscribe message.  Similarly, the list server
    primes the pump for the user's MUA by providing the relevant
    details in its X-Consent-Request: header so the MUA can reply
    with a suitably generated consent address, potentially using
    that data.



    Bubba subscribes via web form to a mailing list run by a list
    manager which supports the consent token protocol:

      Your email address: bubba@domain <SUBMIT>

      Return-Path: list-admin@domain
      From: list-admin@domain
      To: bubba@domain
      X-Consent: <list-admin-consent-token@domain>
      Message-ID: <list-consent-token+someothergarbage@domain>
      X-Consent-Request: list@domain list@domain
      Subject: Please confirm your subscription by replying

      Return-Path: bubba@domain
      From: bubba@domain
      To: list-admin-consent-token@domain
      X-Consent: <boffo+consent-token@domain>
      Message-ID: <boffo+consent-token+someothergarbage@domain>
      In-Reply-To: <list-consent-token+someothergarbage@domain>
      Subject: Re: Please confirm your subscription by replying

    Again the consent process is kicked off in the initial mail
    transaction with all the tokens being generated and tracked from
    there.  The fact that Bubba didn't provide a consent token via
    the web form actually doesn't matter.



    A list server upgrades to a new version which supports the
    protocol.  All that need happen is that X-Consent*: headers
    start being injected in standard list traffic, with supporting
    MUAs picking up the slack/line as they go, and the rest silently
    not noticing (ditto for users that start using MUAs that support
    the protocol):

      Return-Path: list-bounce@domain
      From: some_guy@domain
      To: some_other_guy@domain, list@domain
      X-Consent: <list-admin-consent-token@domain>
      Message-ID: <some_guy-consent-token+someothergarbage@domain>
      In-Reply-To: <some_other_guy-garbage@domain>
      X-Consent-Request: list-bounce@domain list@domain
      Subject: [LIST] Re: I heard a funny joke...

Requirement satisfaction:

  Resistant to forgery and obvious attempts to evade, manipulate, or
  compromise.

    Answer: Consent tokens are encouraged to be one way hashes using
    a per-user secret.  Given reasonable choices for the hash
    algorithm and secret size, compromise is difficult.

  Friends must be able to easily email friends.

    Answer: If they both use supporting MUAs, it all happens for
    free.  If they don't, then token encoding in Message-IDs takes
    up most of the rest of the slack, with the encouragement for
    them to enter the consenting addresses in their email address
    books being used to fill the rest of the gap.  If they don't use
    their address books in this way, then the system is no worse
    than it is currently.

  People must be able to establish consensual relationships.

    Answer: That's what the consent tokens do.

  People must be able to encode tentative consensual relationships
  for things like printed media, business cards, and the like.

    Answer: Use of a simple plus address form can do this.  For
    example bubba@dom.aim when hading his business card to a
    colleague at a conference could quickly pen in an alternate
    address to bypass his consent/spam filters: bubba+word@dom.ain.
    Its not a one-way hashed consent token, but if he uses a
    different word every so often, and tells his mail system what
    his current word choice is, it can and will cover a very large
    part of the gap (personal experience).

  Mailing lists must work, well.

    Answer: See examples above.  Very little changes with the
    exception that mail to consent token supporting users becomes
    per-recipient customised (header re-writing).  This is a
    marginal incremental cost over list servers that already use
    VERP, but could be considered expensive by those that don't.

  Replies to a prior post must be able to be recognised as such.

    Answer: Encoding consent tokens in Message-IDs does this for
    responding MUAs that properly generate In-Reply-To: and
    References: headers.  Currently broken MUAs continue to be
    broken.  For everybody else the world improves.

  Email sent to an address provided by means other than SMTP (eg web
  based subscription or response to web-base marketing) by the
  service the address was passed to should not be interfered with.

    Answer: See the list subscription case above.  It does require
    an additional round of email exchange to prime the consent token
    pumps, but given the current mandate on double-opt-in, this
    seems reasonable.

  The protocol should be friendly to people using software and
  systems which DON'T support the consent token protocol.

    Answer: This is accomplished by requiring that specific arcs in
    the FSM (ie token negotiations) occur via messages which don't
    carry any non-token-related content.  Because of this the
    message payloads can be human-friendly and explanatory for
    non-supporting MUAs (supprting MUAs will likely hide the message
    entirely and either handle them automatically or present the
    user with a custom dialog with help links).

  Throw-away addresses should be easy (eg for use in posted small
  ads, conference registrations, etc) and should not require ISP
  involvement.

    Answer: Dated addresses solve this need.
--<cut>--

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats
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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 22:48:38 -0600 (MDT)

> From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>

> ...
> Incredible.  Unfortunately I cannot afford to keep up with the sheer mass of 
> words as I have to work a full time job also.
>
> I explain the non-random character of my list because random domain names 
> appear once on my list and therefore did not appear in the top 11 most 
> common.  Almost 2000 messages did not appear in the top 11 and I am not going 
> to post those random domains here.

Have you sampled those other 2000 messages to see how many of their
sender addresses are of free providers, perhaps by checking my list
of free providers implicated in spam sent my direction?  I bet that
if you did, you'd find that many of those 2000 are other free providers.

The 823 messages in your top 11 domains involve free providers.  If
I'm wrong and none of the 2000 other messages involve free providers,
you still have 25% of your sample of 3300 coming from 7 domains that
share a common characteristic.  Judging from your top 11, those other
2000 messages cannot involve fewer than 76 domains, so 25% of your
sample is coming from at most 8% of the sampled domains.  I bet you
have more than 500 domains among those 2000 messages, so that the 7
free providers are about 1%.  What are the odds that is a coincidence?
I'm far from unique in blocking free provider mail.  If you need to
pick a domain to forge for spam, a free provider is a terrible choice.
What explanation is there except that spammers prefer free providers
for good reason?  What can the reason be that except that many spammers
are not forging free provider names?


> Your are incredibly hypocritical to be blocking those free domains that RMX 
> could make usable again.  You've expended endless amounts of energy 
> "defending" the very people you block.  Why do you block them when they are 
> so innocent?

Why don't you install the standard hack that blocks mail that violates
the primary RMX criterion?  Why wait for the free providers to change
their T&C and install RMX RRs?  I don't recall any contributor to this
list admitting a shred of ignorance or doubt about spam, so like all
of us spam experts, you must be familiar with the standard, many years
old advice to block free provider mail that does not come from the
free provider's MTAs.  It does have a high false positive rate except
in trivial situations like mine, but it does not block any mail except
what you term "spoofed."  My vague recollections are that the hack is
easy with postfix (which you seem to use).  It's bound to be quicker
and easier than RMX.

I'm sure that practically all free provider users are innocent of
spam, but that's none of my business.  They are free to send mail
however they want without any criticism from me if they follow their
ISPs' terms and conditions.  It's simply that they can't send mail to
my domains....well, I do urge friends to not use the free providers.
Some of them ignore my advice and force me to add whitelist entries
if I want to receive their mail.  I usually do, but not always.

I don't use the hack of the standard advice mostly because simply
blocking the free providers is easier and just as good for my situation.
The observed probability that an message with a free provider sender
address sent to my MTA is spam is more than 99.9%.  I do not expect
anyone else to do that blocking for me.  I also do not expect the free
providers to change their T&C so that they could use RMX or to eventually
use RMX, or do anything else.  I think demanding that free providers
change to fit my model of how they should run their businesses to suit
my convenience would be wrong.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 22:46:43 -0700

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PIFR has a crypto based proposal on the boards for spam control called
Tripoli:

  http://www.pfir.org/tripoli-overview

Its got the same CA-based identity verification problems as the other
crypto proposals we've seen here.

Copy of original message attached.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.

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Date: Wed, 7 May 2003 21:42:53 -0700 (PDT)
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Subject: Call to Arms: Securing E-Mail, Controlling Spam, Empowering Users
From: pfir@pfir.org (PFIR - People For Internet Responsibility)
To: PFIR-List@pfir.org
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          PFIR - People For Internet Responsibility - http://www.pfir.org

          [ To subscribe or unsubscribe to/from this list, please send the
            command "subscribe" or "unsubscribe" respectively (without the 
            quotes) in the body of an e-mail to "pfir-request@pfir.org". ]

	
                          -- PFIR PRESS RELEASE --
	
                    PFIR Announces the "TRIPOLI" Project

            A Call to Arms to the Internet and Open-Source Communities!
        It's Time to Secure E-Mail, Control Spam, and Empower E-Mail Users!

		  	       May 8, 2003

                 http://www.pfir.org/tripoli-announce

 - - -

People For Internet Responsibility (PFIR) co-founders Lauren Weinstein and
Peter G. Neumann today called on the Internet and Open-Source Communities to
consider a proposal for the most significant and far-reaching changes to
e-mail systems since the creation of the Internet and its ancestor ARPANET
more than 30 years ago.

PFIR today released a white paper describing a proposed project to consider
the implementation and deployment of widespread encryption, authentication,
anti-spam, and other advances directly into the fundamental structure of
Internet, intranet, and local e-mail systems. 

The "TRIPOLI" project overview paper located at:

   http://www.pfir.org/tripoli-overview

describes the proposed new environment which focuses on ensuring that choices
and power regarding e-mail are vested directly with e-mail users themselves,
rather than with Internet Service Providers (ISPs) or government agencies.

The changes described by the TRIPOLI proposal could be gradually implemented,
largely based upon open-source software tools that already exist.
Ultimately under TRIPOLI, the volumes of forgeries and spam (both received
by users and traversing the Internet) would be drastically reduced, by
default all e-mail would be encrypted, and e-mail users would have
essentially complete control over how they individually choose to send and
receive e-mail. 

"Current e-mail systems were not designed to deal with the kind of world we
have today -- they've become a hopeless nightmare for users and ISPs alike,"
said Weinstein.  "E-mail users are inundated with spam, forged mail, and
other garbage, and unfortunately the actions many ISPs are taking to try
control spam and other e-mail are shackling their honest customers with
unreasonable restrictions and making matters even worse.  Some of the
proposed anti-spam laws may also exacerbate these problems without really
controlling spam at all.  Legitimate e-mail users need to be put back in the
driver's seat, and there isn't a moment to lose."

"These problems are getting more severe every day," said Neumann.  "Not only
are users and networks drowning under spam and other e-mail deficiencies,
but basic matters of security and reliability on the Internet are being
largely ignored under the current intolerable situation.  These critical
problems simply cannot be fixed without coordinated and major changes to the
way e-mail is handled throughout the Internet.  It's going to be a big job,
but we have to get going on this right now."

PFIR hopes that the TRIPOLI proposal can act as a starting point for
discussion and implementation of systems to solve the many e-mail
problems that exist today, in a manner that empowers users rather than
unfairly restricting them.  PFIR invites the participation of the
open-source and Internet communities at large towards these crucial goals.

Persons interested in participating or getting more information about
the TRIPOLI project can send e-mail to:

   tripoli-info@pfir.org

or use the contacts listed below. 

 - - -

CONTACTS:

Lauren Weinstein
lauren@pfir.org
(818) 225-2800
Co-Founder, PFIR - People For Internet Responsibility - http://www.pfir.org
Moderator, PRIVACY Forum - http://www.vortex.com
Member, ACM Committee on Computers and Public Policy
http://www.pfir.org/lauren

Peter G. Neumann
neumann@pfir.org
(650) 859-2375
Co-Founder, PFIR - People For Internet Responsibility - http://www.pfir.org
Moderator, RISKS Forum - http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks
Chairman, ACM Committee on Computers and Public Policy
http://www.csl.sri.com/neumann






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J.C.,

MR> But without RMX, there was nothing I could do about it.

JCL> Here we part.  I don't consider RMX to be a suitable address to the
JCL> problem.

Just to be clear, I'm assuming you mean by this that you agree RMX would
fix the forgery problem at a technical level, but are not satisfied with
RMX because it gives domain administrators per-message control over their
outgoing mail, rather than per-sender control.  Is that correct?

If this is your opinion, I respect it, but I disagree; I don't feel that
making it technologically impossible for a domain to apply message-level
controls to its outgoing mail is a desirable feature.  This is because if
we are to feel justified in holding domain admins responsible for spam
from their domains, then we owe them the reasonable opportunity to prevent
it.

Nevertheless, even if I disagree with your opinion, I concede that it
deserves to be heard.  If you send me a paragraph or two explaining why
you feel that message-level controls ought to be impossible, I will add it
to the RMX page so that others are made aware of the issue.  Furthermore,
if you can think of a reasonable alternative and provide a link, I'll
include it.

Regards,
Mike

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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 00:34:31 -0600

From: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
> >From: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>
> >
> >Nobody had talked much about opt-in/opt-out issues on this list, but they 
> >were a major part of the forum. solving this will be important. I humbly 
> >re-propose choicelist as a way of managing opt-in/opt-out status...not as 
> >an ultimate answer as it is proposed, but as a starting point to 
>something >better.
>
>The underlying problem here is that we haven't defined the problem 
>properly. Also in many ways fighting spam is like fighting a war - you need 
>to learn the weapons of your enemy. I would suggest that we analyze how 
>spam works, why it works, before trying to come up with something to stop 
>it. Eric's post is a start.

I have aready answered those questions to my own satisfaction, I have my own 
internal defenition of spam, and my solution fits a part of it perfectly. 
From what I heard at the forum, I feel my views are not that far away from 
the average consensus on the issue.

here are some of my thoughts:
*List moved to the bottom for continuity*

This is just me. These are my oppinions. I don't feel like defending them 
against attack, or trying to convince anyone that they are correct. I'm sure 
everyone differs on most of these, that's not the point.

what was my point? oh yeah...
you can define forever.
I think I've done at least enough defining to at least start thinking about 
possible solutions.
As new thoughts and problems come, I can adapt and reshape my plans. No big 
deal.

If you keep trying to come to a unanimous resolution of peoples oppinions 
you'll never get anywhere.

John Fenley






============================
Here's that list:
1. Spam is stuff the end users don't want(more or less, barring permmision 
based marketing and such. this was basicaly AOL's view.)
2. spammers opperate because they can
3. most spammers are dumb, but some are verry smart(they are the ones 
developing advanced tools)
4. Opt-in mail MUST get to the user.
5. Opt-out must be available to the user
6. Sender authentication is needed badly
7. spam volume is increasing rapidly.
8. filters are not an end solution.
9. any solution must not impede the use of email by the general public.
10. the U.S. government is willing to throw money at the problem.(I believe 
sennator Schumer(Ny) threw out the figure 75 million dollars per year, and 
assured the ftc that money would not be an issue impeding any plan they 
propose)
11. I realy want to help solve the problem for 4 reasons: I dislike spam, I 
realy think i can make a difference(doing good, and spreading good memes 
makes me happy), it will help the economy of all developed nations, and it 
will make a good start for my 2016 campaign if I start now to help solve big 
problems.(is there anything wrong with thinking ahead, or Honesty?)
12. legal solutions alone won't do the job.
13. An avenue must be available for UCE to get to the user, or spammers will 
try more and more innovative methods to make an avenue of their own.(by 
creating the avenue, one can control it)
14. Dictionary attacks are a big problem, and RBLs can help, though a better 
solution is needed.
15. any solution must be adaptable.
16. there are no "silver bullets".
17. if there are no "silver bullets", why does a plan have to be one in 
order to be discussed?
18. never underestimate.
19. plans change, why does every little detail need to be planned out now?
20. a "do not spam" list would be a bad idea.
21. Challenge response has a bad rap, but it is going to happen wether 
people like it or not because it will stop "spam" in many peoples eyes.
22. adoption is a big barrier to implimentation of any solution.
23. social engeneering(PR) can play a big role in how well a solution is 
recieved.
24. the internet is in danger if a solution to "spam" is not found soon.
25. ideas should be freely traded, and continually refined.
=============================

_________________________________________________________________
Protect your PC - get McAfee.com VirusScan Online  
http://clinic.mcafee.com/clinic/ibuy/campaign.asp?cid=3963

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To: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>
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Subject: Re: Consent (was Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article )
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 08:42:52 +0200

On Wed, May 07, 2003 at 05:03:36PM -0700, J C Lawrence wrote:

> > That a domain owner should not have the ability to decide what mail
> > gets sent in his or her own name?  
> 
> Yes.


I think that's the point where every further discussion becomes
futile.



Hadmut
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To: Michael Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Consent (was Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article ) 
In-Reply-To: Message from Michael Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org> 
   of "Wed, 07 May 2003 23:04:02 PDT." <Pine.LNX.4.44.0305071709280.1112-100000@entropy.galcit.caltech.edu> 
References: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0305071709280.1112-100000@entropy.galcit.caltech.edu> 
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 00:05:21 -0700

On Wed, 7 May 2003 23:04:02 -0700 (PDT) 
Michael Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org> wrote:

>>> But without RMX, there was nothing I could do about it.

>> Here we part.  I don't consider RMX to be a suitable address to the
>> problem.

> Just to be clear, I'm assuming you mean by this that you agree RMX
> would fix the forgery problem at a technical level, but are not
> satisfied with RMX because it gives domain administrators per-message
> control over their outgoing mail, rather than per-sender control.  Is
> that correct?

Almost.  RMX would not fix or prevent the forgery problem, but it would
curtail some of the more obvious abuses, but achieves that end by a
large reduction in the capabilities and freedoms of the current
arrangement.  Its a bandaide, not a fix (bandaides are Okay, but should
be recognised as such).

My gripes with RMX are various and not limited to the recent authority
domain discussion; ranging from deployment costs to percentage
deployment threshold requirements, social implications, breaking of
extant useful architectures, and a relatively poor value in the level of
authentication it provides (due to the reliance on side-effects of the
record).

> If this is your opinion, I respect it, but I disagree; I don't feel
> that making it technologically impossible for a domain to apply
> message-level controls to its outgoing mail is a desirable feature.
> This is because if we are to feel justified in holding domain admins
> responsible for spam from their domains, then we owe them the
> reasonable opportunity to prevent it.

Oh come now!  We don't hold domain operators responsible for spam
claiming to be from their domain, and never have.  That's a ridiculous
red herring.  We hold network and host operators responsible for spam.
The problem has never been identifying domain operators, but correctly
identifying networks and hosts and then the people behind them.  The
actually fundamental value that RMX adds in this space is based on the
fact that it requires outbound mail to be routed thru domain-named IP
addresses, and ONLY routed thru those addresses so that they can be used
in an effort to provide a better back trail to the network and host
operators responsible for originating the spam.  Without that
centralised routing RMX sunders.  The use of the domain is just a
foreign key in the identification transaction, nothing else -- its a key
that you use to map a received mail back to an IP address which you can
lookup in WHOIS and hit or react appropriately with at least some minor
semblance of correctness.

RMX is a targeting tool, and one with rather poor guarantees and audit
trails.  Its a particularly ugly targeting protocol as the natural
inclination on the receiving end is to ignore the identified targets and
to instead simply ghetto-ise those without targeting identifiers, while
the sending end is naturally tempted to machine wash all mail sent.

> If you send me a paragraph or two explaining why you feel that
> message-level controls ought to be impossible...

Arrrgh.  That is not and has never been my contention.  

Here's the condensed version:

  The sending and receipt of a mail is a contract between the sender and
  the recipient.  The definition and terms of that contract are
  subjective to those involved.  The use of external symbols and
  referents in the contract, like domain names, is relevant to those
  involved in the contract, not the referents.

Mail, like all human communication, is an autonomous peer-to-peer thing.
Domain names and the rest of that are convenience trappings and
abstractions, no more.

> Furthermore, if you can think of a reasonable alternative and provide
> a link, I'll include it.

<nod> I'm working on it.  Its a rough space -- you've got three nodes
among DNS, the originating node, and emitted message, and establishing
validation creds for a message (not an SMTP transaction) without
requiring a shared secret between DNS and the emitting node is rough.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Consent (was Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article ) 
In-Reply-To: Message from Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> 
   of "Thu, 08 May 2003 08:42:52 +0200." <20030508064252.GA1985@danisch.de> 
References: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0305071541300.27038-100000@entropy.galcit.caltech.edu> <19857.1052352216@kanga.nu>  <20030508064252.GA1985@danisch.de> 
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 00:07:21 -0700

On Thu, 8 May 2003 08:42:52 +0200 
Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> wrote:
> On Wed, May 07, 2003 at 05:03:36PM -0700, J C Lawrence wrote:

>>> That a domain owner should not have the ability to decide what mail
>>> gets sent in his or her own name?
 
>> Yes.

> I think that's the point where every further discussion becomes
> futile.

Domain names are convenience tokens, addressing shorthands, not first
class tokens or identities.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>
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Subject: Re: Consent (was Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article )
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 09:14:46 +0200

On Thu, May 08, 2003 at 12:07:21AM -0700, J C Lawrence wrote:
> 
> Domain names are convenience tokens, addressing shorthands, not first
> class tokens or identities.


What exactly makes you believe that? Any quotes? Or is this your
personal opinion?



Hadmut
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 11:50:32 +0100
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Dave Crocker wrote:-

>it would help, for example, to see some sort of analysis that shows that
>spoofed spam is somehow more dangerous than non-spoofed spam.

That's quite easy:

A large proportion of spam is illegal in a large proportion of
hurisdictions.
Illegal spam which is unspoofed and is reported to LEA leads to one less
spammer being able to continue his work.
Illegal spam which is spoofed and is reported to LEA simply wastes LEA time.
So, at least for illegal spam, spoofed spam is worse than unspoofed spam.

And please don't retreat to the boring old argument that the world is a big
place with many jurisdictions and they just wont cooperate on this, because
its demonstrably untrue.  Look at the cooperation between US, European,
African, AustralAsian and Asian LEAs on kiddie-porn spam, on the "Nigerian"
spam, for example.

(But I expect someone will run that false premise out again anyway.  Pity we
can't discuss  the real world instead of some fantasy world, isn't it.)

Tom



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>> Another common case involves people traveling.  If you plug your laptop
>> into the network of a hotel or one of your consulting clients, you
>> might prefer to use an envelope and From header address at your home
>> systems instead of room1234@losangeles.merriot.com or guest@example.com.
>
>I'd like to understand this scenario better, as at present I am confused.
>
>Among my confused thoughts are the following questions: What were the
>steps that led to a mail address and mail server in my hotel room? Which
>part of the hotel's policy forced me into that? Does any hotel actually
>do this? In your understanding, which SMTP server is the STMP client on
>my laptop talking to in order to send it's mail?
>
>I would have expected instead that having got IP connectivity, my mail
>reader on my laptop would have connected back to my normal home (e.g.:
>pop3.mycompany.com/smtp.mycompany.com) and then sent and received mail
>through there as usual, resulting in the normal From headers, etc.

Two separate questions there.

1.  Yes, some hotels provide a mailserver and a guest email acount (for
example hotels using Neos products).  Often these are send only accounts
(horrible concept, isn't it).  However, the MUA in these cases is a machine
owned and managed by the hotel (at least in all cases I'm aware of) and not
the guest's laptop, and both the content From header and the envelope From
header will be as Vernon described.

2.  Yes, hotels provide internet connectivity for guests laptops.  When they
do so they usually expect the guest to connect to there normal mail
provider.  This is a problem with providers that don't do authentication of
some sort, but not the hotel's problem so they've not much incentive to
solve it. Some do block port 25 so you have to use their outbound MTA, and
that writes a suitable Received From header identifying the room, but I
don't think these systems usually rewrite the envelope From address.

I haven't seen a case where the envelope From would identify the hotel room
when the sending MUA is the guest's laptop rather than the hotel's machine,
but I imagine this situation exists as suggested by Vernon.  It's just a
variant of 2 above where the hotel's MTA does rewrite the envelope From.

Tom

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On Wednesday 07 May 2003 11:48 pm, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> old advice to block free provider mail that does not come from the
> free provider's MTAs.  It does have a high false positive rate except

Thank you.  So you do approve of RMX because how else are you going to know if 
the free provider mail is coming from the free provider's MTAs if you don't 
ask them.  and how are you going to ask them if you don't have RMX?

You're expending an awful lot of energy trying to break down the process but 
you are an advocate of something much more anti-standards and intrusive.  
Instead of blocking the spammers from using those domains you block everyone.

>...I think demanding that free providers
>change to fit my model of how they should run their businesses to suit
>my convenience would be wrong.

Then why are you doing it?  Why are you saying "you can't have free e-mail or 
I won't accept your messages"?  You are absolutely telling them how to run 
their business if they want to send you mail.

>with postfix (which you seem to use).
I only use pieces of it.  I'm working on an SMTP proxy with finer-grained 
scriptable rules and logging to a database.

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Subject: [Asrg] Temporal properties of secondary sources
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 08:09:47 -0400

Barry mentioned that one mode has persistence of two hours. I read into that
note that there exist hidden primaries with differing persistence properties,
and public secondaries that are transient -- 120 minute, one time use, host,
/32 address (and possibly some larger CIDR block), forward and reverse dns
mappings, if any, and other properties, and presumably some secondary cyclic
revisiting the CIDR block.

I'm interested in this modality of attack.
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for Fighting Spam
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The onslaught of 'spam' to attempt circumvention of these types of controls 
appears to have started.  Perhaps in this case the 'spammers' have shown their 
hand a bit to early.

As of the wee hours of this morning my systems have started to receive messages 
with the following headers (in droves):

Subject: My new e-mail address
Subject: Confirmation Message [QJUS78434jdls938-90]
Subject: To reach me you need to reply to my new e-mail
Subject: My new e-mail system

All of these include the standard Reply-to headers where the recipient address 
'disappears' after n DSNs.  Additionally, the messages content From header are 
forged from mostly guess who, and yes also Received from are displaying 
'earthlink.com' as well.  Anyone else seeing this?

One more thing.  I believe on this note there was a reply the predicted this 
type of response to the introduction by an ISP of a C/R system.  It appears we 
definitely have the 'brain power' to anticipate the methods of adaptability 
'spammers' will display and that should be leveraged to evaluate proposals.  If 
that can be successfully categorized into an 'adaptability' taxonomy it would 
be of, I think, great use.

-e


On Wednesday, May 07, 2003 1:26 PM, John Fenley [SMTP:pontifier@hotmail.com] 
wrote:
> >From: Jim Littlefield <little@abaqus.com>
> >
> >...and every EarthLink subscriber to a mailing list will stop receiving
> >their list mail because the list server software/administrator boots them.
>
> Sorry if this has been talked about...Massive traffic has prevented my
> following the list closely.
>
> The last pannel at the forum seemed to point to the importance of
> opt-in/opt-out, and ensuring that the wanted mail goes through. Mailing
> lists are opt-in, and a solution that takes care of these things would solve
> the problems associated with Challenge/Response.
>
> Any whitelisting strategy is prone to spoofing, but if authentication
> strategys were used then spoofing wouldn't be a problem, but opt-ins would
> still be.
>
> So this is what I see. 3 independant, unrelated, seperately upgradable,
> etc.. layers to stem the tide:
>
> 1 An authentication layer to ensure you know who is sending.
> 2 A responibly developed Challeng response system not prone to the simple
> fault mentioned in this list.
> 3 A method of allowing the user to opt-in, and out of any and all automated
> mailings.
>
> I went to the ftc forum, and my expectations of choicelist changed. But i do
> see it as a viable #3. an essential part of a complete system.
>
> Nobody had talked much about opt-in/opt-out issues on this list, but they
> were a major part of the forum. solving this will be important. I humbly
> re-propose choicelist as a way of managing opt-in/opt-out status...not as an
> ultimate answer as it is proposed, but as a starting point to something
> better.
>
> User interface: www.choicelist.com
> back end: www.pontifier.com/database.html
>
> John Fenley
>
> _________________________________________________________________
> MSN 8 with e-mail virus protection service: 2 months FREE*
> http://join.msn.com/?page=features/virus
>
> _______________________________________________
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> Asrg@ietf.org
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To: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats
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On Wednesday, May 07, 2003 9:48 PM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
> > From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>
>
> > ...
> > Sending addresses are the property of the domain.  Mail sent within the
> > acceptable domain uses is not spoofed.  Mail sent through other channels to
> >
> > avoid domain policies is spoofed.
> >
> > It seems to be a common misconception that addresses are the property of 
the
> >
> > sender.  If you want an address to be your property you can sign up for 
your
> >
> > own domain, otherwise they belong to the domain and the domain
> > administrators
> > set the policy for each domain.
>
> We do not agree that abusing an address amounts to forgery.  In my
> view that makes as little sense as saying that if you abuse a rental
> car, you are guilty of auto theft.
8<...>8

The owner of a assigning resources of the zone to a user e.g. a resolvable 
e-mail delivery path, is (or should be) responsible for the use of that 
'rental'.  In your example you are missing the key correlation to the analogy, 
the 'spammer' is not being said to abuse the zone resources they are in 
practice (in this example) stealing the zone resource (resolution resources for 
the invalid delivery path, DSN creation) of the zone operator/owner.

-e
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 08:42:39 -0600 (MDT)

> From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>

> > old advice to block free provider mail that does not come from the
> > free provider's MTAs.  It does have a high false positive rate except
>
>Thank you.  So you do approve of RMX because how else are you going to know if 
> the free provider mail is coming from the free provider's MTAs if you don't 
> ask them.  and how are you going to ask them if you don't have RMX?

As I said, it is easy to know if free provider mail is coming from the
free provider's MTAs without RMX.  People have been implementing the
check you advocate for many years just fine without RMX.

No, I don't approve of RMX.  I believe
  - it is redundant and unnecessary because existing mechanisms achieve
     can stop mail from free providers that does not come from each
     provider's MTAs.
  - there are simpler, already largely deployed ways to do exactly
     what RMX does without a new RR, including Paul Vixie's suggestions. 
  - the new RMX RR will never be seriously considered in the DNS WG.
  - if by some fluke that happens it will never pass Last Call in a DNS WRK.
  - if everyone is asleep there, it won't pass IESG review or main list
     Last Call.
  - if it does get standardized, it will not be widely implemented in MTAs.
  - it will not be installed by the organizations you need to install
     it, including Hotmail, AOL, and Microsoft, because they will not
     change their business models.

I'm beginning to get the impression that RMX proponents are egregiously
unaware of how SMTP works and is commonly used.  Contrary to statements
from RMX propoents, current standards and practices support rejecting
mail from a free provider that does not come from the free provider's
MTAs.  Many MTAs have been doing exactly that for years.  For example,
see the pages found by
http://www.google.com/search?q=match+sender+domain+hotmail including
http://www.monkeys.com/anti-spam/filtering/additions.html


> You're expending an awful lot of energy trying to break down the process but 
> you are an advocate of something much more anti-standards and intrusive.  

Using existing standards is less "anti-standards" and less intrusive
than demanding other people do things including change their business
models and demanding changes to standards such as DNS.  The current
standards and practices already support rejecting free provider mail
that does not come from the free provider's MTAs.  (I'm repeating myself
because repetitions in previous messages were apparently unclear.)

I think resisting standards changes that are based on willful ignorance
of existing standards and current practices is required to keep the
IETF process from breaking down completely.


> Instead of blocking the spammers from using those domains you block everyone.

As I've said many times over the years including this list, I think free
providers are parasites on the Internet because of how they handle
network abuse.  I do not expect you or other ASRG contributors to share
this extreme view and I certainly do not expec the free providers to
change.  I do not block all users using those domains, but only almost
all.  My free provider blacklist has a handful of whitelist holes.


> >...I think demanding that free providers
> >change to fit my model of how they should run their businesses to suit
> >my convenience would be wrong.
>
> Then why are you doing it?  Why are you saying "you can't have free e-mail or 
> I won't accept your messages"?  You are absolutely telling them how to run 
> their business if they want to send you mail.

Yes, but only if they want to send me mail.  Contrary to you model,
they are free to send each other mail that complies with their providers'
terms and conditions.  I think that even spam is just fine, provided
it stays on the spam friendly side of the net and away from me.


> >with postfix (which you seem to use).
> I only use pieces of it.  I'm working on an SMTP proxy with finer-grained 
> scriptable rules and logging to a database.

So why haven't you long since implemented the standard checks to
prevent what you call "spoofed" free provider mail?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 09:05:56 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>

> > We do not agree that abusing an address amounts to forgery.  In my
> > view that makes as little sense as saying that if you abuse a rental
> > car, you are guilty of auto theft.

> The owner of a assigning resources of the zone to a user e.g. a resolvable 
> e-mail delivery path, is (or should be) responsible for the use of that 
>'rental'.  In your example you are missing the key correlation to the analogy, 
> the 'spammer' is not being said to abuse the zone resources they are in 
> practice (in this example) stealing the zone resource (resolution resources for 
> the invalid delivery path, DSN creation) of the zone operator/owner.

No, you are falling for the intentional misrepresentation or lie that
is labelling mail that comes from one domain with another domain as
sender as "forgery."  That lie is intended to cause you to misunderstand
what is being abused and by whom.

By believing the forgery lie, you accept the notion that sending
from one domain with another's return address abuses the zone resources
and so forth of free providers.  If that were true, you could find
words in Hotmail's terms and conditions that prohibit sending mail
with a Hotmail envelope address from other domains.

Of course, sending spam is often a tort against the owner of the domain
name and often a crime just like abuse of a rental car, but that does
not make it "forgery."  Using a mailbox address as the domain owner
allows is not an abuse of it when that use is part of a crime.  Sending
spam is the crime, not sending mail from with domain with another's
return address.

The free providers lie about the situation to evade their complicity
in spam.  Other people do it rationalize simplistic and ineffective
defenses against spam and to make it easier to fight spammers.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 11:59:50 -0400

  The charter of group says that the purpose is to discuss
"consent-based communication".  It continues:

  "This means that an individual or organization should be able to
   express consent or lack of consent for certain communication and have
   the architecture support those desires."

  RMX explicitely satisfies that charter goal.

  The opposition to RMX has (to me) appeared to be based on the idea
that the some people can make consent choices for third-party
individuals or organizations.  That is, they state that they do NOT
consent to individuals or organizations being able to express consent
for certain communications, and that they do NOT consent to those
individuals or organizatings having the architecture to support those
desires.

  While I understand that the opposition has perhaps not made that
statement explicit, they have danced around the issue, and have
refused to expressly deny it when asked if that is, in fact, their
opinion.


  I therefore ask the chair to make a statement that, technical
considerations aside, RMX explicitely falls within the charter of
ASRG.  I further ask the chair to make a statement that people who
oppose the explicit charter goals of this group should not participate
in further discussion.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Edge, Ronald D" <edge@indiana.edu>
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>From: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>
>To: asrg@ietf.org
>Cc: research@solidmatrix.com
>Subject: [Asrg] Actions and Words
>Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 00:34:31 -0600

>13. An avenue must be available for UCE to get to the user, or spammers will 
>try more and more innovative methods to make an avenue of their own.(by 
>creating the avenue, one can control it)

Huh? Sorry, you completely lost me on this point.

I thought the whole point of this exercise was to PREVENT UCE from reaching the user.

God only knows that SHOULD be our purpose in life right now.

Ron.

Ronald D. Edge
Manager of Information Systems
Indiana University Intercollegiate Athletics
edge@indiana.edu  (812)855-9010
http://iuhoosiers.com

"Any con artist not already doing business on the Internet 
should be sued for malpractice." - FTC Attorney
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Temporal properties of secondary sources 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 08 May 2003 08:09:47 EDT."
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 11:58:54 -0400

I looked over the inventory of problems thread, there was LB's note of 3/10,
some comment (correct IMO) on the utility an inventory the same day, and some
discussion a month later. In all of that there was one item that interested
me, Brad's comment on asymmetric technique.

If anyone else is interested in this (asymmetry), drop me a line off-list,
or not.
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From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 12:08:59 -0400


This is a clear list of arguments against RMX. To move this conversation
forward in a meaningful way, let's do a few things:

Vernon, can you post Vixie's suggestions that you referring to so that
everyone is aware of them. Can you also explain in more detail the
difference between those and RMX to show why you say that it is simpler.

Hadmut and/or Mike, please read the other links that Vernon provided "
http://www.google.com/search?q=match+sender+domain+hotmail and
http://www.monkeys.com/anti-spam/filtering/additions.html"  and provide a
comparison between those and RMX?

Paul
 
> No, I don't approve of RMX.  I believe
>   - it is redundant and unnecessary because existing 
> mechanisms achieve
>      can stop mail from free providers that does not come from each
>      provider's MTAs.
>   - there are simpler, already largely deployed ways to do exactly
>      what RMX does without a new RR, including Paul Vixie's 
> suggestions. 
>   - the new RMX RR will never be seriously considered in the DNS WG.
>   - if by some fluke that happens it will never pass Last 
> Call in a DNS WRK.
>   - if everyone is asleep there, it won't pass IESG review or 
> main list
>      Last Call.
>   - if it does get standardized, it will not be widely 
> implemented in MTAs.
>   - it will not be installed by the organizations you need to install
>      it, including Hotmail, AOL, and Microsoft, because they will not
>      change their business models.
> 
> I'm beginning to get the impression that RMX proponents are 
> egregiously unaware of how SMTP works and is commonly used.  
> Contrary to statements from RMX propoents, current standards 
> and practices support rejecting mail from a free provider 
> that does not come from the free provider's MTAs.  Many MTAs 
> have been doing exactly that for years.  For example, see the 
> pages found by 
> http://www.google.com/search?q=match+sender+domain+hotmail 
> including http://www.monkeys.com/anti-spam/filtering/additions.html
> 
> 
> > You're expending an awful lot of energy trying to break down the 
> > process but
> > you are an advocate of something much more anti-standards 
> and intrusive.  
> 
> Using existing standards is less "anti-standards" and less 
> intrusive than demanding other people do things including 
> change their business models and demanding changes to 
> standards such as DNS.  The current standards and practices 
> already support rejecting free provider mail that does not 
> come from the free provider's MTAs.  (I'm repeating myself 
> because repetitions in previous messages were apparently unclear.)
> 
> I think resisting standards changes that are based on willful 
> ignorance of existing standards and current practices is 
> required to keep the IETF process from breaking down completely.
> 
> 
> > Instead of blocking the spammers from using those domains you block 
> > everyone.
> 
> As I've said many times over the years including this list, I 
> think free providers are parasites on the Internet because of 
> how they handle network abuse.  I do not expect you or other 
> ASRG contributors to share this extreme view and I certainly 
> do not expec the free providers to change.  I do not block 
> all users using those domains, but only almost all.  My free 
> provider blacklist has a handful of whitelist holes.
> 
> 
> > >...I think demanding that free providers
> > >change to fit my model of how they should run their businesses to 
> > >suit my convenience would be wrong.
> >
> > Then why are you doing it?  Why are you saying "you can't have free 
> > e-mail or
> > I won't accept your messages"?  You are absolutely telling 
> them how to run 
> > their business if they want to send you mail.
> 
> Yes, but only if they want to send me mail.  Contrary to you 
> model, they are free to send each other mail that complies 
> with their providers' terms and conditions.  I think that 
> even spam is just fine, provided it stays on the spam 
> friendly side of the net and away from me.
> 
> 
> > >with postfix (which you seem to use).
> > I only use pieces of it.  I'm working on an SMTP proxy with 
> > finer-grained
> > scriptable rules and logging to a database.
> 
> So why haven't you long since implemented the standard checks 
> to prevent what you call "spoofed" free provider mail?
> 
> 
> Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
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> 
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 12:08:59 -0400



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hallam-Baker, Phillip [mailto:pbaker@verisign.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, May 07, 2003 9:58 PM
> To: 'asrg-admin@ietf.org'; Hallam-Baker, Phillip
> Cc: Asrg (E-mail)
> Subject: RE: Request to mailing list Asrg rejected
> 
> 
> Paul,
> 
> 	The discussion was about the potential abuse of schemes 
> such as DCC for censorship. If you cannot see why Vernon's 
> personal actions as the instigator of DCC are relevant to 
> that debate then I cannot help you.

My point is that there have been so many flames between you and Vernon that
it is difficult for anyone to determine when what you are saying about DCC
is a productive argument versus a personal one. I think that you have more
to contribute here than just biased comments about DCC. So, all I'm asking
is that you focus on other topics. Everytime the two of you respond to each
other, the conversation turns personal within two replies. Therefore, stop
replying to each other. The reason that I direct this to you rather than he
is that I have read every message on this list and I see you time after time
turn any thread into an attack on DCC. Your point is taken; now please
contribute something else to the group. 

 
> 	I note also that you are not willing to tell the list 
> that you are censoring most people's posts 


I am moderating the group, not censoring it. Moderating the group is one of
the responsibilities of the chair of the group according to RFC 2014. I
publicly mentioned this in a message to the list on 5/7. Anyone that has
been affected by this has received a message from me explaining why I do not
believe that the post is relevant. I also ask the person to extract the
relevant information and resubmit the post. 

Excerpt from my post on 5/7 explaining the moderation: "Recently, I began
active moderation of certain participants using the mailing list software.
The list of participants that are moderated in this manner will increase.
Persons are not happy about being included on this list, however the
productivity of this list is more important than my popularity on this list.
The purpose of this group is to contribute to solving the spam problem. I
realize that not everyone on this list has that as a priority; therefore, I
will be more stringent in determining persons that are acting in a manner
contrary to this goal and eliminate the negative effect that they have on
this group."
 
> except for Vernon 
> who many consider to be the biggest timewaster. 

Again, personal attacks.

> 	Furthermore I am not the only ex-member of the group 
> who has grown tired of you using the position for personal 
> grandstanding with the press. 

Two points: 
1) If you're an ex-member why are you still posting to the group?
2) I have previously addressed inquires about the group's pressu. The point
is that everyone in the world is interested in the problem of spam. This
research group is recognized as a reliable source of information and folks
are curious about what we are working on. When someone asks me about the
group, I explain to them what we are working on. It is just that simple. Or
I could decline to speak with people and have them draw their own
conclusions. I have tried that in the past and for some reason they assume
that the group is intent upon replacing SMTP. I will explain the group's
goals to anyone that asks, including my mother or the press. I am about the
dissemination of factual information.

Philip, I am a researcher. I am here because I realize that this is a
difficult and multi-dimensional problem and I am  interested in working to
understand the problem and working to solve it. You personally stated to me
that Verisign's public relations department wants to position you as a spam
expert so that you can help promote their hardware authentication solution.
I wish you well in your endevaours; however, you should not confuse your
goals with mine. 

> 
> 	Vernon did not bother to turn up at the meeting, ...

Yet another personal attack. Three personal attacks in one post from you.
This is exactly the unproductive behavior that requires your posts to be
moderated.


 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]
> > Sent: Wednesday, May 07, 2003 9:27 PM
> > To: pbaker@verisign.com
> > Subject: Request to mailing list Asrg rejected
> > 
> > 
> > Your request to the Asrg mailing list
> > 
> >     Posting of your message titled "Censorship of ASRG - Yes it is 
> > over"
> > 
> > has been rejected by the list moderator.  The moderator gave the 
> > following reason for rejecting your request:
> > 
> > "Yes, you made a few relevant points, but then you spoiled it with 
> > comments about Vernon that have nothing to do with your post. Is it 
> > necessary to attack DCC and Vernon in every post? I think that in 
> > general if you refrain from mentioning that topic, then your posts 
> > will be more relevant."
> > 
> > Any questions or comments should be directed to the list 
> administrator
> > at:
> > 
> >     asrg-admin@ietf.org
> > 
> 
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From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
To: Alan DeKok <aland@freeradius.org>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Consent, ASRG, and RMX
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 12:22:32 -0400



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Alan DeKok [mailto:aland@freeradius.org] 
> Sent: Thursday, May 08, 2003 12:00 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Consent, ASRG, and RMX
> 
> 
>   The charter of group says that the purpose is to discuss 
> "consent-based communication".  It continues:
> 
>   "This means that an individual or organization should be able to
>    express consent or lack of consent for certain 
> communication and have
>    the architecture support those desires."
> 
>   RMX explicitely satisfies that charter goal.
> 
>   The opposition to RMX has (to me) appeared to be based on 
> the idea that the some people can make consent choices for 
> third-party individuals or organizations.  That is, they 
> state that they do NOT consent to individuals or 
> organizations being able to express consent for certain 
> communications, and that they do NOT consent to those 
> individuals or organizatings having the architecture to 
> support those desires.
> 
>   While I understand that the opposition has perhaps not made 
> that statement explicit, they have danced around the issue, 
> and have refused to expressly deny it when asked if that is, 
> in fact, their opinion.
>
>   I therefore ask the chair to make a statement that, 
> technical considerations aside, RMX explicitely falls within 
> the charter of ASRG.  I further ask the chair to make a 
> statement that people who oppose the explicit charter goals 
> of this group should not participate in further discussion.

RMX allows a machine to understand certain characteristics about a message
that was received. Depending on the answer that is received, it indicates
certain things: 1)RMX not deployed for that domain; 2)The host is authorized
for that domain; 3) The host is not authorized for that domain. This
provides another hint about that communication. This can be used as input to
an overall decision about whether or not this message is wanted. 

There are of course some technical details to be worked out in the proposal.
Then, overall benefit vs cost must be evaluated as well as evaluating this
proposal against other mechanisms that achieve similar results. However,
there is clearly a need for authentication and RMX is a decent proposal to
continue to evaluate.
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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Consent (was Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article ) 
In-Reply-To: Message from Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> 
   of "Thu, 08 May 2003 09:14:46 +0200." <20030508071446.GA3665@danisch.de> 
References: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0305071541300.27038-100000@entropy.galcit.caltech.edu> <19857.1052352216@kanga.nu> <20030508064252.GA1985@danisch.de> <28416.1052377641@kanga.nu>  <20030508071446.GA3665@danisch.de> 
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 10:01:17 -0700

On Thu, 8 May 2003 09:14:46 +0200 
Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de> wrote:
> On Thu, May 08, 2003 at 12:07:21AM -0700, J C Lawrence wrote:

>> Domain names are convenience tokens, addressing shorthands, not first
>> class tokens or identities.

> What exactly makes you believe that? 

That is their function.  Domain names are human friendly strings which
can be used as keys in DNS lookups to derive IP information, they are
provided again as keys in virtual hosting protocols as a key to the
delivery target.  They're functionally a shorthand notation for, "That
IP" and "that delivery service at that IP" -- they have no direct
representation or use other than as lookup keys.

> Any quotes? 

I don't hold or spread views based on their popularity -- no fact was
changed by the number of people that believed it.

> Or is this your personal opinion?

Would I say something that wasn't?

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Cc: vixie@vix.com
References: <B1F08F445F370846AB7BEE424365F00DCBF6EE@ctxchg.ciphertrust.com>
Subject: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 11:19:54 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>

> ...
> Vernon, can you post Vixie's suggestions that you referring to so that
> everyone is aware of them. Can you also explain in more detail the
> difference between those and RMX to show why you say that it is simpler.
> ...

Paul Vixie's suggestion is differs from the common and old mechanism
of rejecting mail with Mail_From values of free providers when the
SMTP client is not an MTA of the free provider.  RMX and Paul's notion
allow the owner of a sender domain to authorize not only SMTP clients
with names related to the sender domain but also SMTP clients in a
small number of additional domain names to also send mail nominally
from the sender domain.  (The number is small because of the limited
size of DNS/UDP packets.)

I searched for but failed to find Paul Vixie's short mail message
describing the idea.  My recollection and perhaps slight elaboration
of it is:

 To determine if an STMP client is authorized to send mail for the
 sender domain name in the envelope Mail_From field

  1. an SMTP server first compares the reverse DNS name of the SMTP
   client with the sender domain.  If they match by the usual rules
   (e.g. user@example.com matches mailhost.example.com), then the STMP
   client is authorized.  To prevent forgery, the usual reverse-forward
   DNS check is made.

  2. Otherwise the SMTP server searches for MX RRs for the sender
   domain.  The IP address of the SMTP client is then compared to the
   list of IP address eventually obtained for the names in the MX RRs.
   (As usual and described in RFC 2821, if no MX RRs are found, the
   IP address of A RRs, if any, are used.)  If the SMTP client's IP
   address is a member of this list, then the SMTP client is authorized.

  3. Otherwise the SMTP server checks the list of MX RRs for a record
   with the preference 65391.  If such a record exists, the SMTP server
   knows that sender domain is participating in this standard, the
   list of MX RRs contains a complete list of the SMTP clients authorized
   to send mail for the sender domain, and that the SMTP server is
   unauthorized.  The SMTP server therefore rejects the message.

  4. Otherwise the sender domain is not particpating and the SMTP
   server does not know whether the SMTP client is authorized to send
   the message.  The SMTP server procedes according to local policy
   and other standards.

Note that:
  - An authorized SMTP client need not be an SMTP server.  While its 
     IP address will found by other SMTP clients looking for an SMTP 
     server for the domain, its preference will be numerically higher
     than all working SMTP servers.  Only when all other SMTP servers
     are also not working will SMTP clients try to send to it.  They
     will immediately receive and ICMP Port Unreachable and give up.

  - Most mail will already pass this test, because it is sent from
     SMTP clients that are also SMTP servers for the sender domain.

  - Step #1 is currently used.  Many SMTP servers, albeit a small
    fraction of all SMTP servers, reject mail that does not satisfy
    the test in step #1.

  - The preference 65391 is choosen to be probably not currently used
     in any MX RR in the Internet.

  - This scheme is better than the RMX proposal because it has achieves
     the same goal, does not require the standardization and implementation
     of a new DNS RR in DNS server software and MTAs.  It requires
     only small changes in system administration conventions and modest
     changes in MTAs.

  - I do not like this scheme, because I do not agree with the goal of
     forcing people to use the same going as incoming ISPs.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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On Thursday 08 May 2003 09:42 am, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> So why haven't you long since implemented the standard checks to
> prevent what you call "spoofed" free provider mail?

They are not standards-based.  There is no standard for specifiying that a 
specific server is an acceptable server to send mail for a domain.  I may at 
some point decide to implement them but they are certainly not acceptable 
solutions and we don't need to discuss them here.
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 11:35:53 -0600 (MDT)

> From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>

> > So why haven't you long since implemented the standard checks to
> > prevent what you call "spoofed" free provider mail?
>
> They are not standards-based.  There is no standard for specifiying that a 
> specific server is an acceptable server to send mail for a domain.  I may at 
> some point decide to implement them but they are certainly not acceptable 
> solutions and we don't need to discuss them here.

Since they have exactly the effects that you advocate, why are they
not acceptable solutions?

Why are they not appropriate topics for discussion here?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 10:42:47 -0700

At 09:05 AM 5/8/03 -0600, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>No, you are falling for the intentional misrepresentation or lie that
>is labelling mail that comes from one domain with another domain as
>sender as "forgery."  That lie is intended to cause you to misunderstand
>what is being abused and by whom.
>

I think that when I write "scott@spamwolf.com" in the mail envelope 
and/or message headers it is not forgery,
regardless of what IP I send through when I do it.
But if a spammer (or anyone else) wrote "scott@spamwolf.com" in the 
mail envelope and/or message headers then it would be.

More abstractly;
Putting "yourname@example.com" in a message implies that you are able 
to receive email sent to "yourname@example.com" and that if you are
not, then your are in fact, forging "yourname@example.com"

Normally, I'd say the best approach to detecting forgery 
would be the direct approach.
I.e. if you want to know if the sender can read email sent to
"yourname@example.com", then you should send an email to
"yourname@example.com" and ask.
(Most challenge response systems are based on this exact idea.)
However, the cost of that is much larger than it appears on
the surface.



RMX and the related DS proposes a method with a much lower cost.
They are not as good as other systems, but the theory is that they
do not cost as much to implement, so they might be a reasonable
in terms of cost/performance.


If we limit the cost by refusing to change existing practices, 
then they can not distinguish forgery from the standard practice
of using an arbitrary IP to inject email.  (They also can not distinguish 
forgery from the standard practice of forwarding email, and mailing lists,
but there are some low cost methods of dealing with those.)

In that context, I will now repeat something I said earlier;
If the IP of the sender matches an RMX record of the domain,
then it's a good bet the message is not a forgery.
If the IP of the sender does not match an RMX record of the domain,
or there is no RMX record, then all bets are off.


If, on the other hand, we assume that we are going to impose changes
in existing standard practices, then RMX/DS are no longer low cost
proposals.  Depending on what sort of changes we propose, the
ability to detect forgery can be quite good, but I claim the cost 
spirals out of control rapidly.


Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 08 May 2003 11:19:54 MDT."
             <200305081719.h48HJsVT029163@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 14:01:14 -0400

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> Note that:
>   - An authorized SMTP client need not be an SMTP server.  While its 
>      IP address will found by other SMTP clients looking for an SMTP 
>      server for the domain, its preference will be numerically higher
>      than all working SMTP servers.  Only when all other SMTP servers
>      are also not working will SMTP clients try to send to it.  They
>      will immediately receive and ICMP Port Unreachable and give up.

  If the client machine is configured correctly.  Many systems will be
listening on port 25 by default, and will undergo additional expense
before the connection is terminated.  (That's arguably their problem,
and unrelated to this proposal.)

  Also, spammers hit all MX's for a domain, so they will hit the
listed MX's for senders too, which may be seen as an additional
feature of this proposal over RMX.


>   - This scheme is better than the RMX proposal because it has achieves
>      the same goal, does not require the standardization and implementation
>      of a new DNS RR in DNS server software and MTAs.  It requires
>      only small changes in system administration conventions and modest
>      changes in MTAs.

  I agree, but reserve judgment as to "better".

>   - I do not like this scheme, because I do not agree with the goal of
>      forcing people to use the same going as incoming ISPs.

  I do not believe that's a goal of this proposal, or of RMX.  The
goal is to provide accountability.  A side-effect of methods used to
achieve that goal may be that some people are forced to change their
network behaviour.  My response is that it's no longer 1983: the
network has changed, and our behaviour will likely have to change,
too.


  The benefit that RMX has over this proposal is that "wildcard" RMX
records can be added to domains, where the DNS administrator responds
that entire networks have consent to send "from" that domain.  In
contrast, since MX records must be 'A' records in DNS, this proposal
must explicitely list every IP in a network to acheive the same
effect.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 08 May 2003 09:05:56 MDT."
             <200305081505.h48F5uS6006128@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 14:09:00 -0400

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> No, you are falling for the intentional misrepresentation or lie that
> is labelling mail that comes from one domain with another domain as
> sender as "forgery."

  So far as the recipient can tell, it's no different than forged-spam
messages.

  Q: Why is it up to the recipient to verify the identity of the
     sender?

  I understand that methods like PGP, and client-side certificates
can allow the recipient to verify the identity of the sender, despite
their alleged "from" address, or network location.  To me, proposals
like RMX allow similar verifications, but at a lower cost.

  Alan DeKok.
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 14:05:14 -0400


>From: "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
>
>Dave Crocker wrote:-
>
> >it would help, for example, to see some sort of analysis that shows that
> >spoofed spam is somehow more dangerous than non-spoofed spam.
>
>That's quite easy:
>
>A large proportion of spam is illegal in a large proportion of
>hurisdictions.
>Illegal spam which is unspoofed and is reported to LEA leads to one less
>spammer being able to continue his work.
>Illegal spam which is spoofed and is reported to LEA simply wastes LEA time.
>So, at least for illegal spam, spoofed spam is worse than unspoofed spam.

I will give you an ever easier example. Spoofed spam is harder to trace, 
and thus harder to shut down.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats
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We should not be advocating non-standard hacks as a means to supress spam.
If there is a proposal to make a standard relating to them then discuss away.

On Thursday 08 May 2003 12:35 pm, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> > From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>
> >
> > > So why haven't you long since implemented the standard checks to
> > > prevent what you call "spoofed" free provider mail?
> >
> > They are not standards-based.  There is no standard for specifiying that
> > a specific server is an acceptable server to send mail for a domain.  I
> > may at some point decide to implement them but they are certainly not
> > acceptable solutions and we don't need to discuss them here.
>
> Since they have exactly the effects that you advocate, why are they
> not acceptable solutions?
>
> Why are they not appropriate topics for discussion here?
>
>
> Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
> _______________________________________________
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 20:36:51 +0200

On Thu, May 08, 2003 at 11:19:54AM -0600, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> 
>   1. an SMTP server first compares the reverse DNS name of the SMTP
>    client with the sender domain.  If they match by the usual rules
>    (e.g. user@example.com matches mailhost.example.com), then the STMP
>    client is authorized.  To prevent forgery, the usual reverse-forward
>    DNS check is made.


This doesn't work in common. A host can have only one reverse DNS
name, but deliver for many different domains. 


Hadmut
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org, vixie@vix.com
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation 
In-Reply-To: Message from Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
   of "Thu, 08 May 2003 11:19:54 MDT." <200305081719.h48HJsVT029163@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 11:49:56 -0700

On Thu, 8 May 2003 11:19:54 -0600 (MDT) 
Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:

> I searched for but failed to find Paul Vixie's short mail message
> describing the idea.  My recollection and perhaps slight elaboration
> of it is:

Thanks, this is preferable to RMX.

> To determine if an STMP client is authorized to send mail for the
> sender domain name in the envelope Mail_From field

I'd be happier if a straight forward check of the HELO==IP were added as
a check.

>   - This scheme is better than the RMX proposal because it has
> achieves the same goal, does not require the standardization and
> implementation of a new DNS RR in DNS server software and MTAs.  It
> requires only small changes in system administration conventions and
> modest changes in MTAs.

It also has the advantage of not changing its behaviour significantly as
penetration thresholds grow.

>   - I do not like this scheme, because I do not agree with the goal of
> forcing people to use the same going as incoming ISPs.

Agreed.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX evaluation (was RE: Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats)
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 20:48:15 +0200

On Thu, May 08, 2003 at 12:08:59PM -0400, Paul Judge wrote:
> 
> This is a clear list of arguments against RMX. 

You do call that "arguments"? Are you serious?



> >   - it is redundant and unnecessary because existing 
> > mechanisms achieve
> >      can stop mail from free providers that does not come from each
> >      provider's MTAs.


We are not talking about the few free providers only. There are
tens of millions of domains, not only five.



> >   - there are simpler, already largely deployed ways to do exactly
> >      what RMX does without a new RR, including Paul Vixie's 
> > suggestions. 

If they do exactly what RMX does, why shouldn't those objections
against RMX apply to them as well?



> >   - the new RMX RR will never be seriously considered in the DNS WG.

Wow, that is an first class argument. Shouldn't we let the WG itself
decide it instead of Vernon?



> >   - if by some fluke that happens it will never pass Last 
> > Call in a DNS WRK.


Wow, another first class argument. We are blessed to have such
a genius like Vernon who can predict other peoples opinion. 


> >   - if everyone is asleep there, it won't pass IESG review or 
> > main list
> >      Last Call.

Another one of these. I wonder what we need IETF, IRTF, working groups
and mailing lists for if we have a fortune teller like Vernon.


> >   - if it does get standardized, it will not be widely 
> > implemented in MTAs.


Wow, again a well-founded argument. 


> >   - it will not be installed by the organizations you need to install
> >      it, including Hotmail, AOL, and Microsoft, because they will not
> >      change their business models.


What does Microsoft need Bill Gates for if we have Vernon to define
their Business Model? Why do we need to fight against Spam at all if
Spam perfectly meets companies business models?




> > I'm beginning to get the impression that RMX proponents are 
> > egregiously unaware of how SMTP works and is commonly used.  

Wow, another good argument. Paul, I guess that could be your 
favourite...


Paul, I really do applaude for your wise and experienced way
of group leadership and your profound ability to identify
good arguments.




Hadmut
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 12:50:08 -0600 (MDT)


> From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>

> We should not be advocating non-standard hacks as a means to supress spam.
> If there is a proposal to make a standard relating to them then discuss away.
>

> > > > So why haven't you long since implemented the standard checks to
> > > > prevent what you call "spoofed" free provider mail?
> ...
> > Since they have exactly the effects that you advocate, why are they
> > not acceptable solutions?
> >
> > Why are they not appropriate topics for discussion here?


The IETF is about documenting things more than recommending them.
De facto standards and random hacks are grist for the RFC mill.

This is neither news.admin.net-abuse nor SPAM-L.  Around here as well
as among experience professionals, whether something is documented in
an RFC is irreleavnt, except when you're worried what you need to
write in a new RFC.  The IETF is about making interoperation more
likely but not about net-cops checking for RFC compliance.  All that
matters is whether something has desired effects, sufficiently few
and mild bad effects, and doesn't make one's employer look too bad.
This is particularly true of security and authorization issues, which
is what controlling spam is.  If you're ambitious, generous, and have
permissions from your bosses and relevant intellectual property owners,
you might take the time to push your favorite hacks through the
Standards Process, but that is in no sense required.

Most authorization policies are not documented in RFCs.  Long established
spam defenses were once controversial hacks.  For example, requiring
that sender domains be present and valid was controversial when AOL
started checking, but it is now the default in popular MTAs.  Have
you turned off that check because it is not mandated by an RFC?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 14:42:06 -0400

> Spoofed spam is harder to trace, and thus harder to shut down.

This assumes a few things I don't know:

	o what does "harder to trace" refer to, what is the technical
	  capability of the entity performing the tracing function?
	o what does "trace" actually mean?
	o what does "harder to shut down" refer to
	o what is actually being "shut down"?
and finally, if it were easier and well-defined and easier and well-defined
	o would it matter?

Isn't every overt source an expendable asset with a finite TTL and a finite
delivery queue?

I think Dave's question a reasonable one, it certainly occured to me to
ask it, though given the side-effects, I'm happy I didn't.

Eric
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 13:01:24 -0600 (MDT)

> From: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>

> ...
> Thanks, this is preferable to RMX.

It seems it also differs from Paul's intent.  However, I think the
differences are minor.  Both involve overloading MX RRs and depend
on using keys or values that are unlikely to be in current use.
I'm not sure, but I think Paul's intent (or Jim Miller's idea) does
better on that score.


> > To determine if an STMP client is authorized to send mail for the
> > sender domain name in the envelope Mail_From field
>
> I'd be happier if a straight forward check of the HELO==IP were added as
> a check.

I think that's independent of the idea of RMX checking.

The problem with checking HELO values is that simple implementations
will have many false positives.  It's a hassle to make an SMTP client
vary its HELO value depending on the IP address that operating system
picks on a multi-homed system.  Forcing the choice of source IP address
is impractical on multi-homed systems acting as firewalls and where
some interfaces are not reachable from various networks.  You would
at least want to let a big outfit use a HELO value of domain.com on
all of its SMTP servers.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX evaluation (was RE: Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 08 May 2003 12:08:59 EDT."
             <B1F08F445F370846AB7BEE424365F00DCBF6EE@ctxchg.ciphertrust.com> 
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 15:18:02 -0400

Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com> wrote:
> Hadmut and/or Mike, please read the other links that Vernon provided "
> http://www.google.com/search?q=match+sender+domain+hotmail and
> http://www.monkeys.com/anti-spam/filtering/additions.html

  That last link describes a method to attempt to discover *implicit*
consent, based on information in DNS.  e.g.

  For client/domain Y claiming to be in domain X, consent is implicit if:

    - domain X has an MX record that contains/names domain Y

  They further say:

   "... we should be generous and liberal in our attempts to
    ``correlate'' the envelope sender domain name with the SMTP client
    that is sending us the mail, ..."


  Which I interpret as acknowledging the method is trying to discover
implicit consent.


  RMX makes that consent explicit.  Further, RMX permits "wildcard"
consent to be applied to any network, so that with the consent of the
DNS administrator, dial-up users can claim to be within a domain, in
situations where it is otherwise difficult to discover implicit
consent, based on assumptions about use of domain names.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 13:32:26 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>

> >   1. an SMTP server first compares the reverse DNS name of the SMTP
> >    client with the sender domain.  If they match by the usual rules
> >    (e.g. user@example.com matches mailhost.example.com), then the STMP
> >    client is authorized.  To prevent forgery, the usual reverse-forward
> >    DNS check is made.
>
> This doesn't work in common. A host can have only one reverse DNS
> name, but deliver for many different domains. 

That check is only the first check.  If it fails, then no harm is done. 

Moreover, as was recently discussed in this mailing list, a host can
have many reverse DNS names.  See the thread that contains
https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg04280.html

Note that I've removed the test case mentioned in that message. 
If there is any doubt that it worked, I can easily restore it.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats
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On Thursday 08 May 2003 01:50 pm, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> Most authorization policies are not documented in RFCs.  Long established
> spam defenses were once controversial hacks.  For example, requiring
> that sender domains be present and valid was controversial when AOL
> started checking, but it is now the default in popular MTAs.  Have
> you turned off that check because it is not mandated by an RFC?

I haven't turned it on yet.  So I guess so.
There is a direct logic path for that rule though.  
1.  Someone is sending me a message
2.  The domain they are sending from does not exist
3.  Therefore they are trying to deceive me and there is no need to bother 
accepting it.

The hacks I am objecting to, if I understand them correctly, abuse MX records 
so that I would only accept mail from a server if it is eligible to receive 
mail.  Sending and receiving are different functions and should not be 
required to be done by the same machine(s).
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 13:59:34 -0600 (MDT)

> From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>

> ...
> > started checking, but it is now the default in popular MTAs.  Have
> > you turned off that check because it is not mandated by an RFC?
>
> I haven't turned it on yet.  So I guess so.
> There is a direct logic path for that rule though.  
> 1.  Someone is sending me a message
> 2.  The domain they are sending from does not exist
> 3.  Therefore they are trying to deceive me and there is no need to bother 
> accepting it.

That logic is based on the dubious assumption that only maliciousness
can cause bogus sender addresses.  Better logic is that mail with bogus
sender addresses cannot be replied to or bounced, and that bogus sender
addresses are often but not always an indication of attempted deceipt.


> The hacks I am objecting to, if I understand them correctly, abuse MX records 

The phrase "abuse MX records" is wrong and inappropriate.  No "abuse"
is involved.

> so that I would only accept mail from a server if it is eligible to receive 
> mail.  Sending and receiving are different functions and should not be 
> required to be done by the same machine(s).

I understood you to be advocating, no demanding that the sending and
receiving ISP be the same since any other mail is "spoofed."  In many
and probably most cases, that restriction is the same as requiring that
sending and receiving MTAs be the same set of machines.

Please note that I strongly disagree with both restrictions.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX evaluation (Monkeys vs. RMX)
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 22:09:05 +0200

On Thu, May 08, 2003 at 12:08:59PM -0400, Paul Judge wrote:
> 
> Hadmut and/or Mike, please read the other links that Vernon provided "
> http://www.google.com/search?q=match+sender+domain+hotmail 


Paul, you will not seriously ask me to comment a google search 
reply. That's ridiculous. Please state exactly what you would like to
have comments on. Do you believe this is the way to chair a working
group? 



> http://www.monkeys.com/anti-spam/filtering/additions.html"  and provide a
> comparison between those and RMX?

- The monkeys approach doesn't work in general. It works only for 
  the large providers like hotmail, yahoo, AOL, where all incoming and
  outgoing mails do have the same domain. 

- As they say, they need a list of "frequently forged domains". A 
  message is rejected only if the domain part is on that list.
  It's obvious that this doesn't work in common. You always need to 
  update such a list, which is expensive and error prone. Once this 
  gets commonly deployed, spammers will stop to use hotmail, yahoo,
  aol, but choose to use any random domain address.

  Keep in mind that spammers have lists of millions of email
  addresses. It's trivial to choose random domains from that list.

- It is based on a "relation" between the sender domain name and
  the name given in reverse domain names. This won't work in common. 

  Again, this is a hack limited to hotmail, yahoo and aol.

  But in most other cases it won't work. 

  A common case:

  You are sending mail from   yourname@yourdomain.de
  and do deliver it through a machine which's reverse name 
  is   mta.provider.com

  regarding to the given web page at monkeys, I'll discuss 
  the four cases described over there. In my example

  X = yourdomain.de
  Y = relay.provider.com

  First case: Are X and Y the same? No.

  Second case: Is X a superdomain of Y? No.

  Third case: Does X have an MX record that contains/names domain Y ?
    Assume the MX record of X points to "relay.yourdomain.de"
    -> No

  Fourth case: Does X have an MX record that contains/names a
    superdomain or subdomain of Y ?

    Same as above.


  Therefore, this algorithm gives false results in many cases.



- The reverse domain name thing is vulnerable to name spoofing.
  Thus, the reverse-forward-check is needed. Interesting, this
  check fails in many cases.


- If you do read the monkey proposal further, you will see that
  they didn't even implement this, but make heavy use of a so
  called "list of frequently forged domains".

  It's obvious that this doesn't work reliably, must be updated 
  all the time, and is in principle a bad way of blacklisting, 
  because the domain owners can't do anything against it. 





So the differences between this and RMX are obvious. 
The Monkeys approach is a hack tailored to hotmail, yahoo, aol
and alike, it's bad design, it gives wrong results, it requires
maintenance of a blacklist, where people listed on that list don't
have any chance to get off that list, and which can easily be
circumvented by choosing a random domain for spamming.

Please, don't ask me again to provide a comparison of apples and
oranges.


Hadmut




  

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Subject: Re: [MLIST]  Re: [Asrg] Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats
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On Thursday 08 May 2003 02:59 pm, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> That logic is based on the dubious assumption that only maliciousness
> can cause bogus sender addresses.  Better logic is that mail with bogus
> sender addresses cannot be replied to or bounced, and that bogus sender
> addresses are often but not always an indication of attempted deceipt.
Of course.  How silly of me.  Your logic is much superior.  What was I 
thinking?

> The phrase "abuse MX records" is wrong and inappropriate.  No "abuse"
> is involved.
You're going to have to give stronger evidence than that.  MX records are 
there to say "this machine accepts e-mail".  They have no designed function 
to say "this machine sends e-mail".  It is telling people to PUSH on a door 
that says "PULL".  It will work if the door is configured to swing on both 
directions but it is not the recommended logical way of doing things.

> I understood you to be advocating, no demanding that the sending and
> receiving ISP be the same since any other mail is "spoofed."  In many
> and probably most cases, that restriction is the same as requiring that
> sending and receiving MTAs be the same set of machines.
You are confused.  I am advocating that the domain administrator (ISP doesn't 
matter) be allowed to control which machines may send mail for his domain.
That person can allow any set of machines from a single machine up to the 
entire internet to send mail from his domain.
The admins of a domain should be allowed to control their own domain.

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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 16:41:54 -0400

Can anybody give me some background on the Melle vs. AOL case?


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 22:58:02 +0200

On Thu, May 08, 2003 at 01:32:26PM -0600, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> 
> That check is only the first check.  If it fails, then no harm is done. 
> 

Great. A check that doesn't work in common, that does not much 
more than "no harm", and which's behaviour cannot be specified
in a technical or scientific way. 

That's indeed a great example of security engineering.

Hadmut

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Why not just give each person a different mail address (presumably
aliased to your one true address) and use the mbox:sender pair as the
"consent token". Trivially revoked, just alias it to /dev/null.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
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To: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
cc: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for Fightin 
In-Reply-To: Message from Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> 
   of "Thu, 08 May 2003 17:04:16 EDT." <16058.50768.167833.403175@world.std.com> 
References: <Law12-F84iPNl4iZWw8000056e7@hotmail.com> <24287.1052365400@kanga.nu>  <16058.50768.167833.403175@world.std.com> 
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From: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 14:09:59 -0700

On Thu, 8 May 2003 17:04:16 -0400 
Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:

> Why not just give each person a different mail address (presumably
> aliased to your one true address) and use the mbox:sender pair as the
> "consent token". Trivially revoked, just alias it to /dev/null.

That's essentially what consent token systems like TMAD do via plus
addresses.  The advantage of the plus-address schema is that disposition
of revoked/stale/etc tokens can be various and gradated over time
(annotate, tag, renegotiate, differently file, etc).  See my recent post
on a consent token protocol for ways this could be extended in a regular
fashion.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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Subject: [Asrg] How many legitimate SMTP servers?
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Does anybody have an idea of how many legitimate SMTP servers there are?
That is SMTP servers that are not used primarily for spam, have a static IP
address, and have been active in the last, say, 12 months.

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Subject: [Asrg] My abscence. Webpage for topics discussed in March
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 11:55:42 -0700 (PDT)

Hello everybody,

I apologize for being absent from discussion all April, I had to put asrg 
into local archive mode (stayed this way up until this week), because 
the list is too active and I was traveling and subscecuently I had really 
lot to do when I came back (security issues to deal with at my isp which 
required reinstall two dozen servers; having to deal with setting up new 
POP for ISP; plus personal staff like helping my father move to different 
apartment, etc). Its not all over as I still have more work that I'm 
doing that it usually happens but I expect that by 15th, I'll begin to 
participate fully again.

Now before I promised to give you list of topics, I had it almist ready 
for March but have not had time to create real website (I have couple more 
pages in mind) plus my topics list would not be current any more since I 
was late. Anyway, whatever I have now, I'm releasing - this is not end of 
the work, in fact I'm almost certain to finish it since I'll reread everything
that has been discussed in April, so possibly by end of May, I'll get 
current with April and by mid-June with what has been discussed in May.

What I have now is available at http://www.elan.net/~william/asrg/index.htm

The reason I'm releasing it today is because of the RMX staff and since 
you wanted list of proposals in this area and objections. This all has 
been discussed quite a bit in March and I was the one who raised all the 
objections then that you have now seen raised all over again. Nothing 
changed and I do not have time to repeat myself that this proposal breaks 
existing mail system too much.

P.S. Right now I'm reading list real-time but I may not participate very 
actively right now, not on RMX anyway.

-- 
William Leibzon
Elan Communications Inc. 
william@elan.net

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Subject: Re: Consent (was Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article )
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 00:26:57 +0200

On Thu, May 08, 2003 at 10:01:17AM -0700, J C Lawrence wrote:
> That is their function.  Domain names are human friendly strings which
> can be used as keys in DNS lookups to derive IP information, they are
> provided again as keys in virtual hosting protocols as a key to the
> delivery target.  They're functionally a shorthand notation for, "That
> IP" and "that delivery service at that IP" -- they have no direct
> representation or use other than as lookup keys.

you also wrote:
*> Domain names are convenience tokens, addressing shorthands, not first
*> class tokens or identities.

These two paragraphs are contrary.
In the environment of name based virtual hosts "that IP" will give you
nothing associated with "domain name" without providing it, so it is a
primary key.
Same for email. smtp.easydns.com is MX for kanga.nu. Injecting a email
addressed to "claw" at  smtp.easydns.com  will not make it to kanga.nu
without providing the domain name. So this is a primary key.
    220 smtp.easydns.com ESMTP spoken here.
    MAIL FROM: <maex@space.net>
    250 Ok
    RCPT TO: <claw>
    554 <claw>: Recipient address rejected: Relay access denied

I'm both examples it is not the sole primary key, but you need both
to accomplish the task.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Joseph Melle and AOL
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> From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>

> Can anybody give me some background on the Melle vs. AOL case?

Do you mean more than 
http://legal.web.aol.com/decisions/dljunk/imsmemo.html
http://legal.web.aol.com/decisions/dljunk/imsopin.html
and 
http://www.google.com/search?q=Melle+spam


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Tom,

>>it would help, for example, to see some sort of analysis that shows that
>>spoofed spam is somehow more dangerous than non-spoofed spam.

TT> Illegal spam which is unspoofed and is reported to LEA leads to one less
TT> spammer being able to continue his work.

As was noted in the FTC Anti-Spam workshop, last week, things are not
nearly that straightforward.  1) resources for legal enforcement are
very, very tight, and 2) the legal blinds that protect spammers can be
impressively strong.  One case of needing 18 pre-trial subpoenas was
cited.


TT> And please don't retreat to the boring old argument that the world is a big
TT> place with many jurisdictions and they just wont cooperate on this, because
TT> its demonstrably untrue.

That's not what the folks at the FTC event said.

But they probably don't know as much about international enforcement
as you.

The problem with this sort of topic is that examples of enforcement working
well are not the question.  The question is how likely it is that the
spammers will exploit the circumstances in which enforcement does NOT work well.

Remember that spammers are adaptable.  They will exploit whatever
works.


d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Thu May  8 19:47:44 2003
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 19:36:07 -0400

The discussion of RMX prompts me to ask a question.

Why should domain name registry operators and their registrars "care" about
this problem, and assuming they did "care", what could they know that would
be in their interests to know?

I ask this as a contributor to a domain name registry provisioning protocol,
a prior registry operator (gTLD and ccTLD) and registrar (current, voting),
as well as a minor ISP operator.

For reasons others have said sufficiently, and because I have thought about
an equivlant mechanism for a problem I once thought similar, I don't think
RMX is useful in this problem domain.

That said, I want to know if, assuming perfect knowledge in the universe of
dns provisioners (not publishers, that is seperate question), any actor(s)
in that universe could do anything that would have a first-order effect on
the present spam problem.

RMX advocates should have a story I can relate to the ICANN Registrars
Constituency meeting in Montreal next month.

Eric

Ob.Tech.: I've proposed making EPP peer-to-peer (beep transport mapping),
with a registrar-initiated session-establishment restriction removed, and
registry-initiated state-push, solving the escrow and trans-registry sets
of problems, and I'm mildly curious if there is a serious use case for any
parts of this arise from an ability to be causal in technical solutions to
spam.
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>From: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>
>
>Does anybody have an idea of how many legitimate SMTP servers there are?
>That is SMTP servers that are not used primarily for spam, have a static IP
>address, and have been active in the last, say, 12 months.

These might be a starting point:

http://cr.yp.to/surveys.html
http://www.isc.org/ds/

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Well I hate to use this as an argument in favor of RMX but it is true (at 
least theoretically).

Assuming a wide implementation of RMX by DNS admins ticked that their domains 
were used as return addresses on spams, the spammers would have to register 
their own junk domains.  If mail admins started rejecting mail from these 
junk domains the spammers would have to register more junk domains.  More 
domains registered = more profit for a domain name registry operator.


On Thursday 08 May 2003 06:36 pm, Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine 
wrote:
> The discussion of RMX prompts me to ask a question.
>
> Why should domain name registry operators and their registrars "care" about
> this problem, and assuming they did "care", what could they know that would
> be in their interests to know?
>
> I ask this as a contributor to a domain name registry provisioning
> protocol, a prior registry operator (gTLD and ccTLD) and registrar
> (current, voting), as well as a minor ISP operator.
>
> For reasons others have said sufficiently, and because I have thought about
> an equivlant mechanism for a problem I once thought similar, I don't think
> RMX is useful in this problem domain.
>
> That said, I want to know if, assuming perfect knowledge in the universe of
> dns provisioners (not publishers, that is seperate question), any actor(s)
> in that universe could do anything that would have a first-order effect on
> the present spam problem.
>
> RMX advocates should have a story I can relate to the ICANN Registrars
> Constituency meeting in Montreal next month.
>
> Eric
>
> Ob.Tech.: I've proposed making EPP peer-to-peer (beep transport mapping),
> with a registrar-initiated session-establishment restriction removed, and
> registry-initiated state-push, solving the escrow and trans-registry sets
> of problems, and I'm mildly curious if there is a serious use case for any
> parts of this arise from an ability to be causal in technical solutions to
> spam.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 08 May 2003 20:57:05 CDT."
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 22:08:47 -0400

> More domains registered = more profit for a domain name registry operator.

Not compelling.

Putting on the registrar-hat, one of our big problem areas is credit card
charge-back. These result in real cost to us. Riding the crest of a wave
of technique-driven churn in the namespace (hypothetical RMX buyer model)
isn't attractive if it has the property of being even a few percentage
points more costly (charge-back) than the current buyer models. In round
numbers, its 9 to registrars, 6 of which goes to directly to the registry,
which doesn't refund charge-backs after some window sufficiently short to
bite some registrars frequently. So its $3 per high-risk-of-non-payment
transaction, with possible side-effects, before expenses and taxes. No sale.

If anything, we have a motive, and an existing mechanism, albeit with a
30 day temporal granularity, to prevent registrar roll-over by fraudulent
registrants.

Putting on the asrg-hat, that isn't the class of response I am looking for.

Please also don't assert truth for complex systems, it is a distraction.

Eric
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  Empowering Users (fwd)
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 22:29:36 -0400

 >From: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>
 >
 >PIFR has a crypto based proposal on the boards for spam control called
 >Tripoli:
 >  http://www.pfir.org/tripoli-overview
 >Its got the same CA-based identity verification problems as the other
 >crypto proposals we've seen here.

Apparently this proposal has caught media interest, it just appeared as a 
story on SlashDot:

http://slashdot.org/articles/03/05/08/1559216.shtml?tid=126&tid=111&tid=95

A quote from the press release:

"People For Internet Responsibility (PFIR) co-founders Lauren Weinstein and 
Peter G. Neumann today called on the Internet and Open-Source Communities 
to consider a proposal for the most significant and far-reaching changes to 
e-mail systems since the creation of the Internet and its ancestor ARPANET 
more than 30 years ago."

I guess the "Internet and Open Source Communities"  also refers to us.

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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 19:29:37 -0700

On Thu, May 08, 2003, Barry Shein wrote:
> 
> Why not just give each person a different mail address (presumably
> aliased to your one true address) and use the mbox:sender pair as the
> "consent token". Trivially revoked, just alias it to /dev/null.

Because that causes exponential explosion of addresses.  I'm trying
to use it, but it causes problems as soon as I send mail to a group
of people (esp. when the members of those groups change).
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 23:00:49 -0400


>From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
>
> > Spoofed spam is harder to trace, and thus harder to shut down.
>
>This assumes a few things I don't know:
>
>         o what does "harder to trace" refer to, what is the technical
>           capability of the entity performing the tracing function?
>         o what does "trace" actually mean?

I personally use the SpamCop reporting service and by trace I will be using 
the example of what SpamCop does - parse the headers and the message in 
order to ascertain:
1. The path of transmission including the originator's IP address, and the 
IP addresses of any of the MTA or gateways in between.
2. The IP addresses of the sites and email accounts mentioned in the message.
3. Finding out who the owner of those IPs is, or if that fails their 
upstream provider, or their upstream provider, etc.

By "trace" I mean finding out who the entities responsible for the IP 
addresses are. This is accomplished using WHOIS lookups on domain name 
records and IP blocks, as well as tracert commands. This also includes 
maintaining the contact information for different ISPs like SpamCop and 
abuse.net do.

The "entity" doing this process would either be an actual human being like 
a law enforcement agent or an ISP admin, or it maybe an automatic software 
system like SpamCop.

"Harder to trace" means that it is impossible to do tracert or WHOIS looks 
when the "From" and "Received" headers are false. As the result the 
"tracing entity" ends up reporting and accusing the wrong people.This 
accomplishes two things:
1. It throws off the ISPs and law authorities that are trying to find out 
the sender by leading them down the wrong path.
2. It causes ISPs to ignore spam reports since so many are triggered by 
false information.

An additional benefit to spammers also is the fact that the spam filters 
will have a harder job detecting them.

>         o what does "harder to shut down" refer to
>         o what is actually being "shut down"?
>and finally, if it were easier and well-defined and easier and well-defined

It means getting in touch with their ISP and make the ISP shut down their 
site or email address. It also means alerting the admins of the hacked 
computers and open relays to fix their problems. It also means getting the 
FTC or FBI to prosecute them. And under the slowly increasing number of 
spam laws, it means having the ability for the recipients to sue the 
senders directly.

>         o would it matter?

If every spam message sent would be easily traced or come directly from 
spammer@CyberPromotions.Biz then ISPs can easily sue the senders, the LAE 
can easier prosecute "Nigerian" scam people, and spam filters can easily 
block spam.

>Isn't every overt source an expendable asset with a finite TTL and a finite
>delivery queue?

There is a famous quote from an old NY Times article: "On the Internet no 
one knows if you are a dog". But in reality, every single spam message has 
a physical person behind it who is sending it. Everything is logged 
somewhere even if for a limited time. Even though they might be switching 
from site to site, and from domain to domain, if we can get to the ISP logs 
in time before they are deleted even though the original domain name or 
site might no longer be there, the information gathered can still help us 
somewhat.

But then of course, all the spammers can move to China or some other 
country where the ISPs will not care about the spam issues. If that happens 
I wonder how long will it take until the country's uplink is shut off?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry
  provisioners, so what?
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>From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>
>
>Well I hate to use this as an argument in favor of RMX but it is true (at
>least theoretically).
>
>Assuming a wide implementation of RMX by DNS admins ticked that their domains
>were used as return addresses on spams, the spammers would have to register
>their own junk domains.  If mail admins started rejecting mail from these
>junk domains the spammers would have to register more junk domains.  More
>domains registered = more profit for a domain name registry operator.

Would registering more junk domains mean that the spammer will be spending 
more money on sending spam? Wouldn't eventually that create a big enough 
expense for the spammer which would be comparable with the cost of postage 
for sending a regular letter? That would lead to higher cost of sending 
spam thus reducing the incentive and the overall spam problem. (I cannot 
work out the mathematics in my head right now but I don't think this cost 
will ever get high enough.)

Also, if the ICANN rule about having correct WHOIS information would 
actually be enforced with some kind of fines or penalties, wouldn't that 
force the registrars to have better ID procedures on who actually registers 
domain names thus reducing the overall number of junk domains? This is part 
of the overall economic aspect to spam which needs to be discussed further.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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To: "'Hadmut Danisch'" <hadmut@danisch.de>, J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>
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Subject: RE: Consent (was Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article )
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That is true.  But to be clearer.  Domain names have as a de-facto practice 
REPLACED canonical [end-point] identifiers (IP adresses) in the case of the 
message transfer system.

-e

On Thursday, May 08, 2003 3:15 AM, Hadmut Danisch [SMTP:hadmut@danisch.de] 
wrote:
> On Thu, May 08, 2003 at 12:07:21AM -0700, J C Lawrence wrote:
> >
> > Domain names are convenience tokens, addressing shorthands, not first
> > class tokens or identities.
>
>
> What exactly makes you believe that? Any quotes? Or is this your
> personal opinion?
>
>
>
> Hadmut
> _______________________________________________
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> > Hadmut and/or Mike, please read the other links that Vernon 
> provided " 
> > http://www.google.com/search?q=match+sender+domain+hotmail
> 
> 
> Paul, you will not seriously ask me to comment a google search 
> reply. That's ridiculous. Please state exactly what you would 
> like to have comments on. Do you believe this is the way to 
> chair a working group? 

Yes, this is part of chairing a group. BTW, this is a research group not a
working group. Either way, someone has brought to your attention related and
previous work. Your duty as author of the RMX proposal is to provide a
comparison between your proposal and other available mechanisms to show the
benefit of the new system. So asking you to be familiar with these previous
systems and to provide that related work discussion is part of one of my
responsibilities of ensuring that the proposals are as complete as possible.
 
> So the differences between this and RMX are obvious. 
> The Monkeys approach is a hack tailored to hotmail, yahoo, 
> aol and alike, it's bad design, it gives wrong results, it 
> requires maintenance of a blacklist, where people listed on 
> that list don't have any chance to get off that list, and 
> which can easily be circumvented by choosing a random domain 
> for spamming.

Thank you. This was useful for the many people that are not familiar with
the system.u


> Please, don't ask me again to provide a comparison of apples 
> and oranges.

These are not apples and oranges. These are two schemes that (use different
mecahnisms to) provide somewhat similar information about a message. If you
are going to propose a system, you must be prepared to compare it to
previous and related work. So, what I asked you to do was just a bit of the
normal process of proposing a system.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Willfull and intentional misunderstandings 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 08 May 2003 23:00:49 EDT."
             <5.2.0.9.2.20030508223547.02ee0b70@std5.imagineis.com> 
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 00:34:45 -0400

technical capability:

> ... an actual human being ... or it maybe an automatic software 
> system like <example>.

trace:
> ... parse the headers and the message ...

shut down:
> ... ISP shut down their site or email address ...

How can this be useful for the mode Barry described:

> One of the major sources of spam right now seems to be zombie robot
> hosts, hosts who have had a virus injected into them which turns them
> into unwitting spam slaves*.
> 
> So the spam is being delivered by 123-456-789-123-dsl-pool.telco.com
> and guess what it seems to be from xxxdvd@123-456-789-123-dsl-pool.telco.com
> who assures you that anything from (don't make me type it again)
> is indeed from (I'm just not going to type it again.)
> 
> Now what do you know?

I'm still where Berry left off. I don't see anything in humans, or pseudo
humans, headers and eventual administrative DoS that solves for "virally
acquired spam slave servers".

What I see would be useful for pursuing some advertizing network operator,
based upon some property of the cookies they play, as advertizing networks
don't (presently) utilize (and discard) "virally acquired" assets -- they
have to hang around for days, even weeks, so "unlawful twinkling" isn't a
win for them. I wrote a draft on that [1], it eventually became the cookie
processing mechanism in IE5.5 et seq, and in Mozilla 0.9 et seq. Trala.

The claim that you make after the reference to a famous cartoon [1] seems
to be to be one of forensics value -- you've posited logs, possibly quite
a lot of them, and how they are discovered, clustered, and reconcilled is
TBD, before they are deleted. That's hours, even days, after the local
event ended.

> But then of course, all the spammers can move to China or some other 
> country where the ISPs will not care about the spam issues.

When I worked with CNNIC in the Summer and Fall of '01, one of the biggest
issues they had was overseas bandwidth cost arising from two bugs in one
product, and a business model involving two businesses and their partnership
which enhanced the bugs in the deployed product. It surprises me to hear of
the PRC and overseas-bandwidth cost insensitivity in one sentence. Knowing
the PRC legal system, and the seven or so primary operators, this is another
surprise. Deregulation, WTO entry, and Governmental policy of Convergence,
to the confusion of several Ministries, all make for non-determinism, but
North America is and has been pretty zooy for several years.

In sum, I see the use case offered being "the slow moving spammer", who is
already not among the "quick", and may as well be dead. The use case does
not "scale" as the spammer is allowed to be more agile.

Good solutions scale, not merely in the size of the system, but the temporal
properties of the system.

I think I've made myself as clear as I can, and I don't see anyone running
around with a checkbook looking for basic research on, or even simulating,
agile, hostile systems. Fortunately, we've got a large testbed network to
observe while it is exercised by ... agile, hostile systems.

Eric

[1] draft-jaye-http-trust-state-mgt-01.txt (expired)
[2] http://www.unc.edu/depts/jomc/academics/dri/idog.html
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To: "'Hadmut Danisch'" <hadmut@danisch.de>,
        Paul Judge
	 <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
Cc: "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] RMX evaluation (was RE: Is there anything good enough?
	 - Spoofing stats)
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 00:20:05 -0400



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hadmut Danisch [mailto:hadmut@danisch.de] 
> Sent: Thursday, May 08, 2003 2:48 PM
> To: Paul Judge
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX evaluation (was RE: Is there anything 
> good enough? - Spoofing stats)
> 
> 
> 
> 
> > >   - the new RMX RR will never be seriously considered in 
> the DNS WG.
> 
> Wow, that is an first class argument. Shouldn't we let the WG itself
> decide it instead of Vernon?
> 
> 
> 
> > >   - if by some fluke that happens it will never pass Last 
> > > Call in a DNS WRK.
> 
> 
> Wow, another first class argument. We are blessed to have such
> a genius like Vernon who can predict other peoples opinion. 
> 
> 
> > >   - if everyone is asleep there, it won't pass IESG review or 
> > > main list
> > >      Last Call.
> 
> Another one of these. I wonder what we need IETF, IRTF, working groups
> and mailing lists for if we have a fortune teller like Vernon.

Hadmut, we can do without the sarcasm and personal remarks. This is a
technical mailing list. Please stick to the topics.

> 
> > 
> What does Microsoft need Bill Gates for if we have Vernon to define
> their Business Model? Why do we need to fight against Spam at all if
> Spam perfectly meets companies business models?

More personal remarks.


> > > I'm beginning to get the impression that RMX proponents are 
> > > egregiously unaware of how SMTP works and is commonly used.  
> 
> Wow, another good argument. Paul, I guess that could be your 
> favourite...
> 
> 
> Paul, I really do applaude for your wise and experienced way
> of group leadership and your profound ability to identify
> good arguments.

More sarcasm and personal attacks. I never said that the arguments were
good. I just said that it is a clear list of arguments. This means that it
is organized in a format that allows technical debate without irrelevant
arguments and personal comments. However, in your reply you managed to turn
this back into a personal conversation.

People please stick with the issues. 
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what?
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On Thursday 08 May 2003 09:08 pm, Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine 
wrote:
> > More domains registered = more profit for a domain name registry
> > operator.
>
> Not compelling.
Of course not.  I would certainly hope not.  
>
> Please also don't assert truth for complex systems, it is a distraction.
I'll attempt to use more pleasing semantics in the future.

I can't imagine a scenario where a registry provider would be concerned about 
spam as a part of providing registry services.  A registry doesn't gain or 
lose because a registered domain is used for spam and they don't have any 
dutues in overseeing how a domain is used.

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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 16:20:46 -0400

This would seem to lend some credence to Vernon's assertion that many 
of those messages "From" hotmail.com may in fact be from real 
accounts:

>Microsoft said it is seeing progress in attacking Hotmail account 
>hijacking, as a program aimed at hindering spammers from using the 
>service to ply their trade proves its worth. The company said it has 
>seen a 20 percent drop in new account registrations since it 
>inaugurated its human interactive proof (HIP) program in December.
>
>HIP aims to stop bots from creating accounts by requiring applicants 
>to complete steps that are difficult for a machine to accomplish. 
>Microsoft said the drop-off in sign-ups shows that fewer spammers 
>are securing accounts.
http://news.com.com/2100-1025_3-1000417.html

Of course without knowing what their new account registration number 
is, it's hard to know how big that really is.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Dave Crocker'" <dhc@dcrocker.net>,
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	 <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Willfull and intentional misunderstandings
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 18:35:40 -0700

It was clear that the FTC conference was held with the intention
of legislating. legislation is inevitable for many reasons, not
least the image of the US abroad. it does the US no good to have
the spam senders constantly advertising the US as a country lax
on fraud.

That said there is a technical issue here. Legislation will force
the spam senders to react.

It was very clear at the FTC conference that nobody is going to 
be waiting for technology to solve the problem.

		Phill



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dave Crocker [mailto:dhc@dcrocker.net]
> Sent: Thursday, May 08, 2003 7:37 PM
> To: Tom Thomson
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Willfull and intentional misunderstandings
> 
> 
> Tom,
> 
> >>it would help, for example, to see some sort of analysis 
> that shows that
> >>spoofed spam is somehow more dangerous than non-spoofed spam.
> 
> TT> Illegal spam which is unspoofed and is reported to LEA 
> leads to one less
> TT> spammer being able to continue his work.
> 
> As was noted in the FTC Anti-Spam workshop, last week, things are not
> nearly that straightforward.  1) resources for legal enforcement are
> very, very tight, and 2) the legal blinds that protect spammers can be
> impressively strong.  One case of needing 18 pre-trial subpoenas was
> cited.
> 
> 
> TT> And please don't retreat to the boring old argument that 
> the world is a big
> TT> place with many jurisdictions and they just wont 
> cooperate on this, because
> TT> its demonstrably untrue.
> 
> That's not what the folks at the FTC event said.
> 
> But they probably don't know as much about international enforcement
> as you.
> 
> The problem with this sort of topic is that examples of 
> enforcement working
> well are not the question.  The question is how likely it is that the
> spammers will exploit the circumstances in which enforcement 
> does NOT work well.
> 
> Remember that spammers are adaptable.  They will exploit whatever
> works.
> 
> 
> d/
> --
>  Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
>  Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
>  Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Joseph Melle and AOL
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 13:55:38 -0700

http://legal.web.aol.com/decisions/dljunk/ninepress.html

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com]
> Sent: Thursday, May 08, 2003 4:42 PM
> To: Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Joseph Melle and AOL
> 
> 
> Can anybody give me some background on the Melle vs. AOL case?
> 
> 
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> -------------------------------------
> Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
> SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> -------------------------------------
> "One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps 
> his eyes on
> the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> -------------------------------------  
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 05:02:06 -0700

There is a solution to this problem, a VPN.

I don't think it is necessary to insist that RMX solve every problem. It is
a quick fix that will buy some time, not a long term solution.

The answer to the problem lies in the filter behavior. You do not have to
bitbucket every message that does not have the proper headers, you just
assign a big spambayes penalty so that the threshold for bitbucketing is
much lower.

Also you can take other behaviors like not bouncing.

		Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Tom Thomson [mailto:tthomson@neosinteractive.com]
> Sent: Thursday, May 08, 2003 7:22 AM
> To: Bob Atkinson; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article
> 
> 
> >> Another common case involves people traveling.  If you 
> plug your laptop
> >> into the network of a hotel or one of your consulting clients, you
> >> might prefer to use an envelope and From header address at 
> your home
> >> systems instead of room1234@losangeles.merriot.com or 
> guest@example.com.
> >
> >I'd like to understand this scenario better, as at present I 
> am confused.
> >
> >Among my confused thoughts are the following questions: What were the
> >steps that led to a mail address and mail server in my hotel 
> room? Which
> >part of the hotel's policy forced me into that? Does any 
> hotel actually
> >do this? In your understanding, which SMTP server is the 
> STMP client on
> >my laptop talking to in order to send it's mail?
> >
> >I would have expected instead that having got IP 
> connectivity, my mail
> >reader on my laptop would have connected back to my normal 
> home (e.g.:
> >pop3.mycompany.com/smtp.mycompany.com) and then sent and 
> received mail
> >through there as usual, resulting in the normal From headers, etc.
> 
> Two separate questions there.
> 
> 1.  Yes, some hotels provide a mailserver and a guest email 
> acount (for
> example hotels using Neos products).  Often these are send 
> only accounts
> (horrible concept, isn't it).  However, the MUA in these 
> cases is a machine
> owned and managed by the hotel (at least in all cases I'm 
> aware of) and not
> the guest's laptop, and both the content From header and the 
> envelope From
> header will be as Vernon described.
> 
> 2.  Yes, hotels provide internet connectivity for guests 
> laptops.  When they
> do so they usually expect the guest to connect to there normal mail
> provider.  This is a problem with providers that don't do 
> authentication of
> some sort, but not the hotel's problem so they've not much 
> incentive to
> solve it. Some do block port 25 so you have to use their 
> outbound MTA, and
> that writes a suitable Received From header identifying the 
> room, but I
> don't think these systems usually rewrite the envelope From address.
> 
> I haven't seen a case where the envelope From would identify 
> the hotel room
> when the sending MUA is the guest's laptop rather than the 
> hotel's machine,
> but I imagine this situation exists as suggested by Vernon.  
> It's just a
> variant of 2 above where the hotel's MTA does rewrite the 
> envelope From.
> 
> Tom
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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From: Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
In-Reply-To: Message from Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
	of "Thu, 08 May 2003 11:19:54 CST."
	<200305081719.h48HJsVT029163@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 17:47:00 +0000

> I searched for but failed to find Paul Vixie's short mail message
> describing the idea.  ...







   Independent                                            Paul Vixie (Ed.)
   Request for Comments: XXXX Category: Experimental
   June 6, 2002

                            Repudiating MAIL FROM

   Status of this Memo

      This memo describes an experimental procedure for handling received
      e-mail.  It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.
      Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

   Copyright Notice

      Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.

   Abstract

      At the time of this writing, more than half of all e-mail received by
      the author has a forged return address, due to the total absence of
      address authentication in SMTP (see [RFC2821]).  We present a simple
      and backward compatible method whereby cooperating e-mail senders and
      receivers can detect forged source/return addresses in e-mail.

   1 - Introduction and Overview

   1.1. Internet e-mail return addresses are nonrepudiable by design of the
   relevant transport protocols (see [RFC2821]).  Simply put, there is no
   cause for ANY confidence in the proposition "this e-mail came from where
   it says it came from."

   1.2. Irresponsible actors who wish to transmit unwanted bulk e-mail
   routinely use this designed-in lack of source/return authenticity to
   hide their point of origin, which usually involves forging a valid
   return address belonging to some highly visible and popular ISP (for
   example, HOTMAIL.COM).

   1.3. Recipients who wish to reject unwanted bulk e-mail containing
   forged source/return addresses are prevented from doing so since the
   addresses, as presented, are nonrepudiable by design.  Simply put, there
   would be too many false positives, and too much valid e-mail rejected,
   if one were to program an e-mail relay to "reject all e-mail claiming to
   be from HOTMAIL.COM" since, statistically, most e-mail claiming to be
   from HOTMAIL.COM is actually from somewhere else.  HOTMAIL.COM, in this
   example, is a victim of forgery.



   Vixie                         Experimental                      [Page 1]

   RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, 2002


   1.4. What's needed is a way to guaranty that each received e-mail
   message did in fact come from some mail server or relay which can
   rightfully originate or relay messages from the purported source/return
   address.

   1.5. Approaches of the form "use PGP" and "use SSL" are not scalable in
   the short term since they depend on end-to-end action and there are just
   too many endpoints.  An effective solution has to be applicable to mail
   relay, not just final delivery.

   1.6. Valid ("wanted") e-mail must not be rejected by side effect or
   partial adoption of this proposal.  Source/return authenticity must be a
   confidence effector, as in "we can be sure that this did not come from
   where it claims" and simple uncertainty must remain in effect otherwise.

   2 - Behaviour

   2.1. Domain owners who wish their mail source/return information to be
   repudiable will enter stylized MX RR's into their DNS data, whose owner
   name is "MAIL-FROM", whose priority is zero, and whose servername
   registers an outbound (border) relay for the domain.  For example, to
   tell the rest of the Internet who they should believe when they receive
   mail claiming to be from VIXIE@ISC.ORG, the following DNS MX RR's should
   be entered:

      $ORIGIN isc.org.
      MAIL-FROM MX 0 rc
                MX 0 rc1

   In this example, hosts RC.ISC.ORG, and RC1.ISC.ORG are given as
   appropriate places to originate mail from @ISC.ORG.  Note that this
   differs from the normal inbound MX RRset for this example domain:

      $ORIGIN isc.org.
      @         MX 0 rc
                MX 0 isrv4

   So, the inbound mail server set partially overlaps with, but differs
   from, the example outbound mail server set.  This is quite common in the
   Internet, and is the reason why the normal inbound mail server set
   described by a domain's apex MX RRset cannot be used for repudiation
   purposes.






   Vixie                         Experimental                      [Page 2]

   RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, 2002


   2.2. Second-stage relays such as ISP mail servers are often used and can
   be described by adding as many relays as necessary to the MAIL-FROM MX
   RRset.  In our example, if ISC sometimes used UUNET for outbound mail
   services, the DNS data describing this relationship might be as follows:

      $ORIGIN isc.org.
      MAIL-FROM MX 0 rc
                MX 0 rc1
                MX 0 uunet.uu.net.

   Let it be noted that a domain owner's power to repudiate forged e-mail
   is only as strong as the security policy of its registered inbound and
   outbound mail relays, and that if such a relay is (for example) open to
   third party relay, then no value will be added by registering a domain
   MAIL-FROM MX containing that relay, and no inbound MAIL-FROM checking
   will be possible on final delivery relays for a domain @ MX containing
   that relay.  Multistage relays (both inbound and outbound) are a
   breeding ground for anonymity unless they are very carefully configured.

   2.3. SMTP receivers wishing to attempt repudiation on inbound e-mail
   would check the SMTP (see [RFC2821]) MAIL FROM payload at the time of
   receipt.  The precise method to be used is as follows:


























   Vixie                         Experimental                      [Page 3]

   RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, 2002


      on (MAIL FROM mailfrom) {
           switch (repudiated(mailfrom, ipsource))
           case tempfail:
                smtpreply(450, "temporary dns failure, try again later")
                break
           case repudiated:
                smtpreply(550, "surely you're joking")
                dsn("5.7.1", "delivery not authorized")
                invalidate()   // reject all but QUIT and RSET
                break
           }
      }

      repudiated(mailfrom, ipsource) = {
           (lhs, rhs) = parse_addr(mailfrom);
           // handle "MAIL FROM:<>" somehow
           mxset = get_mx("MAIL-FROM" "." rhs);
           if (mxset == NULL)
                return nonrepudiated;
           mxset += configured(perimeter_relays);
           foreach mx (mxset) {
                aset = get_a(mx.server);
                if (ipsource IN aset)
                     return nonrepudiated;
           }
           return repudiated;
      }

   (EDITOR'S NOTE: need to establish a value for 5xx.)

   The method amounts to "if there's a MAIL-FROM for the purported domain
   and if the IP source isn't on the resulting list, then reject the mail".
   Multistage inbound relays are allowed for, by implicitly appending one's
   own outer perimeter relay names to every extant MAIL-FROM.

   3 - Impact

   3.1. This specification is optional, and will only affect cooperating
   parties.  Any domain owner who does not enter a MAIL-FROM will be
   unaffected, and any SMTP receiver who does not look for a MAIL-FROM at
   time of receipt will be unaffected.  However, both parties working
   together CAN work to repudiate forged e-mail return/source information.

   3.2. Transport-level e-mail forwarding must be more explicit under this
   specification.  For example if VIXIE@NETBSD.ORG's account has a



   Vixie                         Experimental                      [Page 4]

   RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, 2002


   ".forward" file pointing at VIXIE@ISC.ORG, then e-mail sent to the
   former will be received by the latter, but with no change in the payload
   of SMTP MAIL FROM.  Thus, ISC's inbound relays would have to be
   configured to implicitly add NETBSD's outbound mail relays as
   "multistage inbound relays."  This could scale poorly and may add
   pressure toward transport remailing (with a new envelope) rather than
   transport forwarding (reusing the old envelope.)

   3.3. Roaming hosts such as laptop computers will probably not be able to
   be listed in the MAIL-FROM MX RR for their return address domain name,
   and may be forced to use an intermediary for outbound e-mail.  STARTTLS
   or an SSL/SSH tunnel back "home" may become a necessary first hop for
   mobile e-mail.

   3.4. The likely endgame for this behaviour is to force senders of
   unwanted bulk e-mail to stop lying about who they are, which is illegal
   in meatspace anyway -- but such laws are unenforceable due to the nature
   of the Internet's mail system.  Under this proposal, any domain owner
   who is the victim of forgery can respond by adding MAIL-FROM data to
   their DNS zone, and any relay owner who is the victim of forged unwanted
   e-mail can respond by checking for MAIL-FROM data upon receipt of all
   incoming e-mail.

   3.5. The DNS TTL for MAIL-FROM MX RRsets ought to be shorter than for
   the corresponding domain's apex MX RR, since the cost of widely cached
   wrong information is much higher for outbound repudiation data than for
   inbound delivery data.  Consider that an incomplete apex MX RR can cause
   mail to be delivered by a suboptimal path, whereas an incomplete MAIL-
   FROM MX RR can cause valid mail to be rejected by relays who attempt
   repudiation.

   4 - Security Considerations

   In the continuing absence of widely deployed security for DNS, this
   proposal effectively places an access control list for forged
   source/return information in a place where it can be attacked.  However,
   it must be noted that the current senders of forged unwanted bulk e-mail
   are typically not technologically capable of attacking the DNS to insert
   forged MAIL-FROM data.

   5 - Acknowledgements

   This idea originated with Jim Miller <jmiller@jcmco.com> in 1998.





   Vixie                         Experimental                      [Page 5]

   RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, 2002


   5 - Author's Address

   Paul Vixie
      950 Charter Street
      Redwood City, CA 94063
      +1 650 779 7000
      paul@vix.com









































   Vixie                         Experimental                      [Page 6]

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners,
 so what?
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> From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>
> 
> I can't imagine a scenario where a registry provider would be 
> concerned about
> spam as a part of providing registry services.  A registry doesn't gain or
> lose because a registered domain is used for spam and they don't have any
> dutues in overseeing how a domain is used.
> 
Spammers do not use their real info  when registering domains. However 
ICANN as part of their policy and as stated in their written contracts 
with the registrars and registries requires all domains to have valid 
contact information in the WHOIS database. Unfortunatly this rule has 
not been widely enforced and the pnly registrar that I am aware of being 
fined or warned is Verisign. But theoritically speaking if this rule is 
enforced then the registrars will care if the domain has valid info. 
Thus they will come to care about domains being used for spam since they 
can be fined by ICANN.

That in turn will lead to spammers using contact info of others, postal 
mailbox services, domains registered via proxy (like the service provide 
by godaddy.com), etc. Also they will now have a greater incentive to 
hack into DNS, registrars and hijack domains via false transfers (like 
the sex.com case). However that will lead them more into the physical 
world where they can be easier to trace. Plus using other people's info 
might be a bigger crime than spam itself and will attract attention of 
LEA.

I would suggest in general that the working group should recommend to 
ICANN a stricter enforcement of the WHOIS rules (securing the DNS to 
guard against attacks that will increase might help too).
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] RMX evaluation (Monkeys vs. RMX)
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 23:28:20 -0700

At 12:33 AM 5/9/03 -0400, Paul Judge wrote:
>
>> > Hadmut and/or Mike, please read the other links that Vernon 
>> provided " 
>> > http://www.google.com/search?q=match+sender+domain+hotmail
>> 
>> 
>> Paul, you will not seriously ask me to comment a google search 
>> reply. That's ridiculous. Please state exactly what you would 
>> like to have comments on. Do you believe this is the way to 
>> chair a working group? 
>
>Yes, this is part of chairing a group. BTW, this is a research group not a
>working group. Either way, someone has brought to your attention related and
>previous work. Your duty as author of the RMX proposal is to provide a
>comparison between your proposal and other available mechanisms to show the
>benefit of the new system. So asking you to be familiar with these previous
>systems and to provide that related work discussion is part of one of my
>responsibilities of ensuring that the proposals are as complete as possible.
>

For the record, I object to a directed request that a contributor 
read and comment on an excess of 6,000 web pages.


Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
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From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>
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To: Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>, Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation / Paul Vixie's procedure
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I have to admit that this does seem to be a well laid out and workable method.
(any comments I may have made earlier to the contrary were based on incomplete 
and inaccurate information)

It accomplishes all of the goals of RMX and similar schemes and it is 
reasonably close to accepted standards and doesn't abuse them and it does not 
require any programming changes on the DNS end.

Due to interactions with internet mailing lists I personally feel that the 
comparison should be against the envelope-from instead of mail-from and that 
differences between the envelope-from and mail-from should be displayed in 
the MUA.  I believe Outlook (I know, not a good example but an example) 
displays this information via the Sender or X-Sender header if I remember 
correctly.  The output resembles 
"From: asrg@ietf.org on behalf of paul@vix.com"

Are there any/very many servers configured this way currently?

On Thursday 08 May 2003 12:47 pm, Paul Vixie wrote:
> > I searched for but failed to find Paul Vixie's short mail message
> > describing the idea.  ...
>
>    Independent                                            Paul Vixie (Ed.)
>    Request for Comments: XXXX Category: Experimental
>    June 6, 2002
>
>                             Repudiating MAIL FROM
>
>    Status of this Memo
>
>       This memo describes an experimental procedure for handling received
>       e-mail.  It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.
>       Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
>
>    Copyright Notice
>
>       Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
>
>    Abstract
>
>       At the time of this writing, more than half of all e-mail received by
>       the author has a forged return address, due to the total absence of
>       address authentication in SMTP (see [RFC2821]).  We present a simple
>       and backward compatible method whereby cooperating e-mail senders and
>       receivers can detect forged source/return addresses in e-mail.
>
>    1 - Introduction and Overview
>
>    1.1. Internet e-mail return addresses are nonrepudiable by design of the
>    relevant transport protocols (see [RFC2821]).  Simply put, there is no
>    cause for ANY confidence in the proposition "this e-mail came from where
>    it says it came from."
>
>    1.2. Irresponsible actors who wish to transmit unwanted bulk e-mail
>    routinely use this designed-in lack of source/return authenticity to
>    hide their point of origin, which usually involves forging a valid
>    return address belonging to some highly visible and popular ISP (for
>    example, HOTMAIL.COM).
>
>    1.3. Recipients who wish to reject unwanted bulk e-mail containing
>    forged source/return addresses are prevented from doing so since the
>    addresses, as presented, are nonrepudiable by design.  Simply put, there
>    would be too many false positives, and too much valid e-mail rejected,
>    if one were to program an e-mail relay to "reject all e-mail claiming to
>    be from HOTMAIL.COM" since, statistically, most e-mail claiming to be
>    from HOTMAIL.COM is actually from somewhere else.  HOTMAIL.COM, in this
>    example, is a victim of forgery.
>
>
>
>    Vixie                         Experimental                      [Page 1]
>
>    RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, 2002
>
>
>    1.4. What's needed is a way to guaranty that each received e-mail
>    message did in fact come from some mail server or relay which can
>    rightfully originate or relay messages from the purported source/return
>    address.
>
>    1.5. Approaches of the form "use PGP" and "use SSL" are not scalable in
>    the short term since they depend on end-to-end action and there are just
>    too many endpoints.  An effective solution has to be applicable to mail
>    relay, not just final delivery.
>
>    1.6. Valid ("wanted") e-mail must not be rejected by side effect or
>    partial adoption of this proposal.  Source/return authenticity must be a
>    confidence effector, as in "we can be sure that this did not come from
>    where it claims" and simple uncertainty must remain in effect otherwise.
>
>    2 - Behaviour
>
>    2.1. Domain owners who wish their mail source/return information to be
>    repudiable will enter stylized MX RR's into their DNS data, whose owner
>    name is "MAIL-FROM", whose priority is zero, and whose servername
>    registers an outbound (border) relay for the domain.  For example, to
>    tell the rest of the Internet who they should believe when they receive
>    mail claiming to be from VIXIE@ISC.ORG, the following DNS MX RR's should
>    be entered:
>
>       $ORIGIN isc.org.
>       MAIL-FROM MX 0 rc
>                 MX 0 rc1
>
>    In this example, hosts RC.ISC.ORG, and RC1.ISC.ORG are given as
>    appropriate places to originate mail from @ISC.ORG.  Note that this
>    differs from the normal inbound MX RRset for this example domain:
>
>       $ORIGIN isc.org.
>       @         MX 0 rc
>                 MX 0 isrv4
>
>    So, the inbound mail server set partially overlaps with, but differs
>    from, the example outbound mail server set.  This is quite common in the
>    Internet, and is the reason why the normal inbound mail server set
>    described by a domain's apex MX RRset cannot be used for repudiation
>    purposes.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>    Vixie                         Experimental                      [Page 2]
>
>    RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, 2002
>
>
>    2.2. Second-stage relays such as ISP mail servers are often used and can
>    be described by adding as many relays as necessary to the MAIL-FROM MX
>    RRset.  In our example, if ISC sometimes used UUNET for outbound mail
>    services, the DNS data describing this relationship might be as follows:
>
>       $ORIGIN isc.org.
>       MAIL-FROM MX 0 rc
>                 MX 0 rc1
>                 MX 0 uunet.uu.net.
>
>    Let it be noted that a domain owner's power to repudiate forged e-mail
>    is only as strong as the security policy of its registered inbound and
>    outbound mail relays, and that if such a relay is (for example) open to
>    third party relay, then no value will be added by registering a domain
>    MAIL-FROM MX containing that relay, and no inbound MAIL-FROM checking
>    will be possible on final delivery relays for a domain @ MX containing
>    that relay.  Multistage relays (both inbound and outbound) are a
>    breeding ground for anonymity unless they are very carefully configured.
>
>    2.3. SMTP receivers wishing to attempt repudiation on inbound e-mail
>    would check the SMTP (see [RFC2821]) MAIL FROM payload at the time of
>    receipt.  The precise method to be used is as follows:
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>    Vixie                         Experimental                      [Page 3]
>
>    RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, 2002
>
>
>       on (MAIL FROM mailfrom) {
>            switch (repudiated(mailfrom, ipsource))
>            case tempfail:
>                 smtpreply(450, "temporary dns failure, try again later")
>                 break
>            case repudiated:
>                 smtpreply(550, "surely you're joking")
>                 dsn("5.7.1", "delivery not authorized")
>                 invalidate()   // reject all but QUIT and RSET
>                 break
>            }
>       }
>
>       repudiated(mailfrom, ipsource) = {
>            (lhs, rhs) = parse_addr(mailfrom);
>            // handle "MAIL FROM:<>" somehow
>            mxset = get_mx("MAIL-FROM" "." rhs);
>            if (mxset == NULL)
>                 return nonrepudiated;
>            mxset += configured(perimeter_relays);
>            foreach mx (mxset) {
>                 aset = get_a(mx.server);
>                 if (ipsource IN aset)
>                      return nonrepudiated;
>            }
>            return repudiated;
>       }
>
>    (EDITOR'S NOTE: need to establish a value for 5xx.)
>
>    The method amounts to "if there's a MAIL-FROM for the purported domain
>    and if the IP source isn't on the resulting list, then reject the mail".
>    Multistage inbound relays are allowed for, by implicitly appending one's
>    own outer perimeter relay names to every extant MAIL-FROM.
>
>    3 - Impact
>
>    3.1. This specification is optional, and will only affect cooperating
>    parties.  Any domain owner who does not enter a MAIL-FROM will be
>    unaffected, and any SMTP receiver who does not look for a MAIL-FROM at
>    time of receipt will be unaffected.  However, both parties working
>    together CAN work to repudiate forged e-mail return/source information.
>
>    3.2. Transport-level e-mail forwarding must be more explicit under this
>    specification.  For example if VIXIE@NETBSD.ORG's account has a
>
>
>
>    Vixie                         Experimental                      [Page 4]
>
>    RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, 2002
>
>
>    ".forward" file pointing at VIXIE@ISC.ORG, then e-mail sent to the
>    former will be received by the latter, but with no change in the payload
>    of SMTP MAIL FROM.  Thus, ISC's inbound relays would have to be
>    configured to implicitly add NETBSD's outbound mail relays as
>    "multistage inbound relays."  This could scale poorly and may add
>    pressure toward transport remailing (with a new envelope) rather than
>    transport forwarding (reusing the old envelope.)
>
>    3.3. Roaming hosts such as laptop computers will probably not be able to
>    be listed in the MAIL-FROM MX RR for their return address domain name,
>    and may be forced to use an intermediary for outbound e-mail.  STARTTLS
>    or an SSL/SSH tunnel back "home" may become a necessary first hop for
>    mobile e-mail.
>
>    3.4. The likely endgame for this behaviour is to force senders of
>    unwanted bulk e-mail to stop lying about who they are, which is illegal
>    in meatspace anyway -- but such laws are unenforceable due to the nature
>    of the Internet's mail system.  Under this proposal, any domain owner
>    who is the victim of forgery can respond by adding MAIL-FROM data to
>    their DNS zone, and any relay owner who is the victim of forged unwanted
>    e-mail can respond by checking for MAIL-FROM data upon receipt of all
>    incoming e-mail.
>
>    3.5. The DNS TTL for MAIL-FROM MX RRsets ought to be shorter than for
>    the corresponding domain's apex MX RR, since the cost of widely cached
>    wrong information is much higher for outbound repudiation data than for
>    inbound delivery data.  Consider that an incomplete apex MX RR can cause
>    mail to be delivered by a suboptimal path, whereas an incomplete MAIL-
>    FROM MX RR can cause valid mail to be rejected by relays who attempt
>    repudiation.
>
>    4 - Security Considerations
>
>    In the continuing absence of widely deployed security for DNS, this
>    proposal effectively places an access control list for forged
>    source/return information in a place where it can be attacked.  However,
>    it must be noted that the current senders of forged unwanted bulk e-mail
>    are typically not technologically capable of attacking the DNS to insert
>    forged MAIL-FROM data.
>
>    5 - Acknowledgements
>
>    This idea originated with Jim Miller <jmiller@jcmco.com> in 1998.
>
>
>
>
>
>    Vixie                         Experimental                      [Page 5]
>
>    RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, 2002
>
>
>    5 - Author's Address
>
>    Paul Vixie
>       950 Charter Street
>       Redwood City, CA 94063
>       +1 650 779 7000
>       paul@vix.com
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>    Vixie                         Experimental                      [Page 6]
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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To: asrg@ietf.org
cc: Paul Vixie <paul@vix.com>, Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation / Paul Vixie's procedure 
In-Reply-To: Message from David Walker <antispam@grax.com> 
   of "Fri, 09 May 2003 01:31:33 CDT." <200305090131.33356@grx> 
References: <20030508174700.8B5BB1394B@sa.vix.com>  <200305090131.33356@grx> 
X-face: ?<YUs-cNP1\Oc-H>^_yw@fA`CEX&}--=*&XqXbF-oePvxaT4(kyt\nwM9]{]N!>b^K}-Mb9
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Date: Thu, 08 May 2003 23:51:33 -0700

On Fri, 9 May 2003 01:31:33 -0500 
David Walker <antispam@grax.com> wrote:
> On Thursday 08 May 2003 12:47 pm, Paul Vixie wrote:

>> Status of this Memo
 
>> This memo describes an experimental procedure for handling received
>> e-mail.  It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.
>> Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

-0.5 [1]

> Due to interactions with internet mailing lists I personally feel that
> the comparison should be against the envelope-from ...

+1 

Its not clear to me from Paul's posting that he doesn't mean the
envelope.  

> ... instead of mail-from and that differences between the
> envelope-from and mail-from should be displayed in the MUA.  

Quite, tho Outlook's habit of quoting that disparity in its attributions
bugs the crap out of me.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.

1) http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0010.html
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
Cc: "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX evaluation (was RE: Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats)
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 09:22:38 +0200


On Fri, May 09, 2003 at 12:20:05AM -0400, Paul Judge wrote:
> > 
> > > >   - if everyone is asleep there, it won't pass IESG review or 
> > > > main list
> > > >      Last Call.
> > 
> > Another one of these. I wonder what we need IETF, IRTF, working groups
> > and mailing lists for if we have a fortune teller like Vernon.
> 
> Hadmut, we can do without the sarcasm and personal remarks. This is a
> technical mailing list. Please stick to the topics.



Paul, if this ought to be a technical mailing list, would you mind
to stick to technical arguments? 

As long as you call such claims as above an "argument against ..."
this has nothing to do with a technical mailing list.



> More sarcasm and personal attacks. I never said that the arguments were
> good. I just said that it is a clear list of arguments. This means that it
> is organized in a format that allows technical debate without
> irrelevant

Paul, that's your problem. Just because it was organized in items, 
that doesn't mean it was arguments. If you call things like "if
everyone is asleep there, it won't pass IESG" an "argument", and
ask me to give a technical comment on this, then you do abuse
your role as a session chair and do manipulate this working group.

If you want to have a technical comment, then you have to take care
that the "arguments" are of technical nature. But the way you are
trying to manipulate doesn't allow any other answer than sarcasm.

If you don't want to follow me, then please explain how a technical
comment on those "arguments" should have looked like.

And please understand that "arguments" takes a little bit more than
just being organized as a list of items.


Hadmut
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From: william@elan.net
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation / Paul Vixie's procedure
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Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 22:06:02 -0700 (PDT)

RMX, MAIL-FROM, DSDNSBL all fail for mailing lists and for forwarding no 
matter if you compare it to "MAIL FROM" or to envelope "From" header or both.

Envelope "From:" is the worst case since most mailing lists use their own 
mailfrom and do not change "From:" (do not assume that what you see in 
outlook is what others would see or that its really how mailist messsage 
looks like), so when your message arrives and mailfrom-aware recepient 
server checks and sees that envelope "From:" is from domain that has 
mailfrom record but connecting mailserver is not on list of those domain
outgoing mail servers, then it would reject that email - to deal with this 
you have to whitelist maillist to let it through. But if you whitelist 
maillist then spammer can use that and forge "mailfrom" to appear that 
message is coming out of maillist and then your server will accept the 
email eventhough it came from spammer and eventhough he did not have 
right to use this envelope "From:".

If you use MAIL FROM header then you are able to accept emails from most 
mailing lists but its trivial for spammer to choose some domain for 
mail-from that has no mailfrom record but since most users consider 
"From:" as sender of the message, this still means spammer can appear to 
have sent email from address when he has no right to do so. In addition 
there is a bigger problem with forwarders and with maillists that 
actually use the original MAIL FROM (how many times have you received 
bounces from end-user servers when you send email to mailing list? - by 
SMTP specs all bounces go to MAIL FROM). And again a reminder - "MAIL FROM" 
is address for sending bounces - it is not the best idea to use as 
the only means of verifiyng origin of the email.

Add to this that some mail service providers (such as hotmail) mark as spam 
all emails that do not have the same email address for MAIL FROM as for 
envelope "From:". This leads to blockage of pretty much any maillist and 
forwarder of mailfrom or rmx where to be used.

I do belive that making originator verification linked through DNS is a 
good idea and some sort systems which has original in RMX or Mail From 
proposals can be used as part of larger solution but not something as 
simple as just checking an ip of connecting mail server.

And remember - when evaluating proposals that effect STMP routing (but do 
not replace it with new protocol) you have to consider transition situation
as being of the most importance - i.e. when some are aware of your changes 
to email system but most are not (this can go on for 5-10 years!). That a 
proposal might work if everybody has upgraded can in fact lead to failure of 
proposal if its initial impact is too high. Such would be the case with 
RMX since if any large domain setup such record (and large domains such as 
aol, hotmail, msn, etc are the ones most often forged) and their user's 
emails are bouncing, they will soon remove it and not try it again. 

This will probably be my only post on current ongoing mailfrom & rmx 
discussion, though I'v extensively commented on this before on this 
mail list. I'm not against these proposals, but having evaluated them 
I do not believe any current ones will work and I'm convinced their 
implementation will lead to more harm then good.

On Fri, 9 May 2003, David Walker wrote:

> I have to admit that this does seem to be a well laid out and workable method.
> (any comments I may have made earlier to the contrary were based on incomplete 
> and inaccurate information)
> 
> It accomplishes all of the goals of RMX and similar schemes and it is 
> reasonably close to accepted standards and doesn't abuse them and it does not 
> require any programming changes on the DNS end.
> 
> Due to interactions with internet mailing lists I personally feel that the 
> comparison should be against the envelope-from instead of mail-from and that 
> differences between the envelope-from and mail-from should be displayed in 
> the MUA.  I believe Outlook (I know, not a good example but an example) 
> displays this information via the Sender or X-Sender header if I remember 
> correctly.  The output resembles 
> "From: asrg@ietf.org on behalf of paul@vix.com"
> 
> Are there any/very many servers configured this way currently?
> 
> On Thursday 08 May 2003 12:47 pm, Paul Vixie wrote:
> > > I searched for but failed to find Paul Vixie's short mail message
> > > describing the idea.  ...
> >
> >    Independent                                            Paul Vixie (Ed.)
> >    Request for Comments: XXXX Category: Experimental
> >    June 6, 2002
> >
> >                             Repudiating MAIL FROM
> >
> >    Status of this Memo
> >
> >       This memo describes an experimental procedure for handling received
> >       e-mail.  It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.
> >       Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
> >
> >    Copyright Notice
> >
> >       Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
> >
> >    Abstract
> >
> >       At the time of this writing, more than half of all e-mail received by
> >       the author has a forged return address, due to the total absence of
> >       address authentication in SMTP (see [RFC2821]).  We present a simple
> >       and backward compatible method whereby cooperating e-mail senders and
> >       receivers can detect forged source/return addresses in e-mail.
> >
> >    1 - Introduction and Overview
> >
> >    1.1. Internet e-mail return addresses are nonrepudiable by design of the
> >    relevant transport protocols (see [RFC2821]).  Simply put, there is no
> >    cause for ANY confidence in the proposition "this e-mail came from where
> >    it says it came from."
> >
> >    1.2. Irresponsible actors who wish to transmit unwanted bulk e-mail
> >    routinely use this designed-in lack of source/return authenticity to
> >    hide their point of origin, which usually involves forging a valid
> >    return address belonging to some highly visible and popular ISP (for
> >    example, HOTMAIL.COM).
> >
> >    1.3. Recipients who wish to reject unwanted bulk e-mail containing
> >    forged source/return addresses are prevented from doing so since the
> >    addresses, as presented, are nonrepudiable by design.  Simply put, there
> >    would be too many false positives, and too much valid e-mail rejected,
> >    if one were to program an e-mail relay to "reject all e-mail claiming to
> >    be from HOTMAIL.COM" since, statistically, most e-mail claiming to be
> >    from HOTMAIL.COM is actually from somewhere else.  HOTMAIL.COM, in this
> >    example, is a victim of forgery.
> >
> >
> >
> >    Vixie                         Experimental                      [Page 1]
> >
> >    RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, 2002
> >
> >
> >    1.4. What's needed is a way to guaranty that each received e-mail
> >    message did in fact come from some mail server or relay which can
> >    rightfully originate or relay messages from the purported source/return
> >    address.
> >
> >    1.5. Approaches of the form "use PGP" and "use SSL" are not scalable in
> >    the short term since they depend on end-to-end action and there are just
> >    too many endpoints.  An effective solution has to be applicable to mail
> >    relay, not just final delivery.
> >
> >    1.6. Valid ("wanted") e-mail must not be rejected by side effect or
> >    partial adoption of this proposal.  Source/return authenticity must be a
> >    confidence effector, as in "we can be sure that this did not come from
> >    where it claims" and simple uncertainty must remain in effect otherwise.
> >
> >    2 - Behaviour
> >
> >    2.1. Domain owners who wish their mail source/return information to be
> >    repudiable will enter stylized MX RR's into their DNS data, whose owner
> >    name is "MAIL-FROM", whose priority is zero, and whose servername
> >    registers an outbound (border) relay for the domain.  For example, to
> >    tell the rest of the Internet who they should believe when they receive
> >    mail claiming to be from VIXIE@ISC.ORG, the following DNS MX RR's should
> >    be entered:
> >
> >       $ORIGIN isc.org.
> >       MAIL-FROM MX 0 rc
> >                 MX 0 rc1
> >
> >    In this example, hosts RC.ISC.ORG, and RC1.ISC.ORG are given as
> >    appropriate places to originate mail from @ISC.ORG.  Note that this
> >    differs from the normal inbound MX RRset for this example domain:
> >
> >       $ORIGIN isc.org.
> >       @         MX 0 rc
> >                 MX 0 isrv4
> >
> >    So, the inbound mail server set partially overlaps with, but differs
> >    from, the example outbound mail server set.  This is quite common in the
> >    Internet, and is the reason why the normal inbound mail server set
> >    described by a domain's apex MX RRset cannot be used for repudiation
> >    purposes.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >    Vixie                         Experimental                      [Page 2]
> >
> >    RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, 2002
> >
> >
> >    2.2. Second-stage relays such as ISP mail servers are often used and can
> >    be described by adding as many relays as necessary to the MAIL-FROM MX
> >    RRset.  In our example, if ISC sometimes used UUNET for outbound mail
> >    services, the DNS data describing this relationship might be as follows:
> >
> >       $ORIGIN isc.org.
> >       MAIL-FROM MX 0 rc
> >                 MX 0 rc1
> >                 MX 0 uunet.uu.net.
> >
> >    Let it be noted that a domain owner's power to repudiate forged e-mail
> >    is only as strong as the security policy of its registered inbound and
> >    outbound mail relays, and that if such a relay is (for example) open to
> >    third party relay, then no value will be added by registering a domain
> >    MAIL-FROM MX containing that relay, and no inbound MAIL-FROM checking
> >    will be possible on final delivery relays for a domain @ MX containing
> >    that relay.  Multistage relays (both inbound and outbound) are a
> >    breeding ground for anonymity unless they are very carefully configured.
> >
> >    2.3. SMTP receivers wishing to attempt repudiation on inbound e-mail
> >    would check the SMTP (see [RFC2821]) MAIL FROM payload at the time of
> >    receipt.  The precise method to be used is as follows:
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >    Vixie                         Experimental                      [Page 3]
> >
> >    RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, 2002
> >
> >
> >       on (MAIL FROM mailfrom) {
> >            switch (repudiated(mailfrom, ipsource))
> >            case tempfail:
> >                 smtpreply(450, "temporary dns failure, try again later")
> >                 break
> >            case repudiated:
> >                 smtpreply(550, "surely you're joking")
> >                 dsn("5.7.1", "delivery not authorized")
> >                 invalidate()   // reject all but QUIT and RSET
> >                 break
> >            }
> >       }
> >
> >       repudiated(mailfrom, ipsource) = {
> >            (lhs, rhs) = parse_addr(mailfrom);
> >            // handle "MAIL FROM:<>" somehow
> >            mxset = get_mx("MAIL-FROM" "." rhs);
> >            if (mxset == NULL)
> >                 return nonrepudiated;
> >            mxset += configured(perimeter_relays);
> >            foreach mx (mxset) {
> >                 aset = get_a(mx.server);
> >                 if (ipsource IN aset)
> >                      return nonrepudiated;
> >            }
> >            return repudiated;
> >       }
> >
> >    (EDITOR'S NOTE: need to establish a value for 5xx.)
> >
> >    The method amounts to "if there's a MAIL-FROM for the purported domain
> >    and if the IP source isn't on the resulting list, then reject the mail".
> >    Multistage inbound relays are allowed for, by implicitly appending one's
> >    own outer perimeter relay names to every extant MAIL-FROM.
> >
> >    3 - Impact
> >
> >    3.1. This specification is optional, and will only affect cooperating
> >    parties.  Any domain owner who does not enter a MAIL-FROM will be
> >    unaffected, and any SMTP receiver who does not look for a MAIL-FROM at
> >    time of receipt will be unaffected.  However, both parties working
> >    together CAN work to repudiate forged e-mail return/source information.
> >
> >    3.2. Transport-level e-mail forwarding must be more explicit under this
> >    specification.  For example if VIXIE@NETBSD.ORG's account has a
> >
> >
> >
> >    Vixie                         Experimental                      [Page 4]
> >
> >    RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, 2002
> >
> >
> >    ".forward" file pointing at VIXIE@ISC.ORG, then e-mail sent to the
> >    former will be received by the latter, but with no change in the payload
> >    of SMTP MAIL FROM.  Thus, ISC's inbound relays would have to be
> >    configured to implicitly add NETBSD's outbound mail relays as
> >    "multistage inbound relays."  This could scale poorly and may add
> >    pressure toward transport remailing (with a new envelope) rather than
> >    transport forwarding (reusing the old envelope.)
> >
> >    3.3. Roaming hosts such as laptop computers will probably not be able to
> >    be listed in the MAIL-FROM MX RR for their return address domain name,
> >    and may be forced to use an intermediary for outbound e-mail.  STARTTLS
> >    or an SSL/SSH tunnel back "home" may become a necessary first hop for
> >    mobile e-mail.
> >
> >    3.4. The likely endgame for this behaviour is to force senders of
> >    unwanted bulk e-mail to stop lying about who they are, which is illegal
> >    in meatspace anyway -- but such laws are unenforceable due to the nature
> >    of the Internet's mail system.  Under this proposal, any domain owner
> >    who is the victim of forgery can respond by adding MAIL-FROM data to
> >    their DNS zone, and any relay owner who is the victim of forged unwanted
> >    e-mail can respond by checking for MAIL-FROM data upon receipt of all
> >    incoming e-mail.
> >
> >    3.5. The DNS TTL for MAIL-FROM MX RRsets ought to be shorter than for
> >    the corresponding domain's apex MX RR, since the cost of widely cached
> >    wrong information is much higher for outbound repudiation data than for
> >    inbound delivery data.  Consider that an incomplete apex MX RR can cause
> >    mail to be delivered by a suboptimal path, whereas an incomplete MAIL-
> >    FROM MX RR can cause valid mail to be rejected by relays who attempt
> >    repudiation.
> >
> >    4 - Security Considerations
> >
> >    In the continuing absence of widely deployed security for DNS, this
> >    proposal effectively places an access control list for forged
> >    source/return information in a place where it can be attacked.  However,
> >    it must be noted that the current senders of forged unwanted bulk e-mail
> >    are typically not technologically capable of attacking the DNS to insert
> >    forged MAIL-FROM data.
> >
> >    5 - Acknowledgements
> >
> >    This idea originated with Jim Miller <jmiller@jcmco.com> in 1998.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >    Vixie                         Experimental                      [Page 5]
> >
> >    RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26, 2002
> >
> >
> >    5 - Author's Address
> >
> >    Paul Vixie
> >       950 Charter Street
> >       Redwood City, CA 94063
> >       +1 650 779 7000
> >       paul@vix.com
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >    Vixie                         Experimental                      [Page 6]
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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From: Mike Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>
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To: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Consent (was Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article )
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 00:54:14 -0700 (PDT)

J.C.,

JCL> My gripes with RMX
[ ... (include) ... ]
JCL> ...a relatively poor value in the level of authentication it provides
JCL> (due to the reliance on side-effects of the record).

I disagree, but you aren't giving me something specific to respond to
here.

MR> If this is your opinion, I respect it, but I disagree; I don't feel
MR> that making it technologically impossible for a domain to apply
MR> message-level controls to its outgoing mail is a desirable feature.
MR> This is because if we are to feel justified in holding domain admins
MR> responsible for spam from their domains, then we owe them the
MR> reasonable opportunity to prevent it.

JCL> Oh come now!  We don't hold domain operators responsible for spam
JCL> claiming to be from their domain, and never have.  That's a ridiculous
JCL> red herring.

Not at all.  Domain admins suffer by being blacklisted when their domain
names are misused.  Some recipients dump any mail claiming to originate
from hotmail.com, regardless of its true source, for example.  It is in
this sense that domain owners are held responsible.  For the record I
don't agree with content filtering, but that choice belongs with the
domain owner, not me.

Content filtering is not the only option, either.

By allowing domain owners to impose outbound SMTP rate limiting, RMX
gives them the power to prevent their names from being used to deliver
bulk spam even when their clients' poorly-secured desktop machines are
compromised.

JCL> The actually fundamental value that RMX adds in this space is based on
JCL> the fact that it requires outbound mail to be routed thru domain-named
JCL> IP addresses, and ONLY routed thru those addresses so that they can be
JCL> used in an effort to provide a better back trail to the network and
JCL> host operators responsible for originating the spam.

I'm not interested in chasing down the spammer; I just want to minimize
the probability that his messages successfully reach me, particularly if
they're deliberately misleading.  RMX helps there.

MR> RMX is a targeting tool, and one with rather poor guarantees and audit
MR> trails.

RMX isn't supposed to produce auditing trails, except in the case of
legitimate (non-forged) mail.  I believe its true design features stand on
their own.

> Its a particularly ugly targeting protocol as the natural inclination
> on the receiving end is to ignore the identified targets and to
> instead simply ghetto-ise those without targeting identifiers, while
> the sending end is naturally tempted to machine wash all mail sent.

You have a point about sending domains being tempted to machine-wash
outgoing mail, but this temptation is balanced by privacy concerns of
their customers, who have no shortage of options when it comes to mail
providers.

As far as recipients' temptations go, would you also argue that refusal
to accept mail from open relays is somehow unfair to the operators of
those relays?  If the operators don't like being ignored, they are free
to close the hole, which in this case means implementing RMX.  This is a 
feature which encourages adoption, not a bug.

JCL> Here's the condensed version:
JCL> 
JCL>   The sending and receipt of a mail is a contract between the sender and
JCL>   the recipient.  The definition and terms of that contract are
JCL>   subjective to those involved.  The use of external symbols and
JCL>   referents in the contract, like domain names, is relevant to those
JCL>   involved in the contract, not the referents.
JCL> 
JCL> Mail, like all human communication, is an autonomous peer-to-peer thing.
JCL> Domain names and the rest of that are convenience trappings and
JCL> abstractions, no more.

I disagree; no contract exists, not even an implied one.  In the case of
spam, the recipient specifically does not want it.

RMX enables a check, on behalf of the recipient, with an interested party
(the sending domain) which has both the ability and the responsibility to
certify that the message originated there.  If the message proves to be
spam, the recipient is less likely to accept mail from that domain in the
future.

MR> Furthermore, if you can think of a reasonable alternative and provide
MR> a link, I'll include it.

JCL> <nod> I'm working on it.  Its a rough space -- you've got three nodes
JCL> among DNS, the originating node, and emitted message, and establishing
JCL> validation creds for a message (not an SMTP transaction) without
JCL> requiring a shared secret between DNS and the emitting node is rough.

Keep me posted!

Best regards,
Mike

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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 09:58:07 +0200

On Thu, May 08, 2003 at 05:47:00PM +0000, Paul Vixie wrote:
>                             Repudiating MAIL FROM
> 
>    Status of this Memo



This is in principle the same approach as RMX, but a different
implementation. (i.e. it lists the IP addresses of machines
authorized to deliver in DNS, it differs in the way those addresses
are stored).


It is very astonishing that it is Vernon who brings that proposal.
Concerning Vernon's objections against RMX, there is no difference
between RMX and this proposal. So why should those objections 
apply on RMX, but not on that proposal? The effect that use of 
a certain domain as a sender address will be limited to some
IP addresses as well. It will require DNS queries as well. 
It will require hotmail, yahoo, aol users to deliver through
the hotmail/yahoo/aol relays as well. So what's the point in 
quoting that proposal in context of the objections against RMX?


The advantage of Paul Vixie's proposal is, that it doesn't require
a new DNS RR type. 

The disadvantage is, that it is error prone and takes a high overhead:

There are providers who provide services for 20..2,000,000 domains. 
Since in this proposal the domain zone tables must list every single
mail relay, all zone tables must be updated if the provider installs
an additional relay. If the provider does have access to the zone
tables, this is just a heap of work. If the provider does not have
access to the zone tables, then it is a severe overhead and delay
to inform all the domain owners and ask them to update their tables.
When writing your domain table, you need a detailed list of the 
relays your provider has. At least you need to know the number of
relays. In reality, it would certainly look like this:

.. MX  relay0.provider.com
       relay1.provider.com
       relay2.provider.com

But you will always have to update the list if the provider uses
one more relay than you have listed. 

That's why RMX uses an indirection step through the provider's 
APL records. It's a design criterion to avoid this overhead and
delay.

Hadmut
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[ this message in response to Vernon Schryver ]

> No, I don't approve of RMX.  I believe
>   - it is redundant and unnecessary because existing mechanisms achieve
>      can stop mail from free providers that does not come from each
>      provider's MTAs.

Vernon,

I reviewed the article at www.monkeys.com, and while I agree that their
approach is reasonable given that RMX records do not yet exist, I am
believe the existence of RMX would improve it.  The authors express
concern about the false positives their approach generates, so
presumably they would also be happier with RMX.  Also, theirs is a hack,
albeit in the best sense of the word.  A more general solution that
treats all domains--not just the big free ones--would seem to be
preferred.

>   - there are simpler, already largely deployed ways to do exactly
>      what RMX does without a new RR, including Paul Vixie's suggestions. 

Having read Paul Vixie's proposal just now, I am satisfied that it is
functionally equivalent to RMX and would be equally happy with it.  When I
speak positively of RMX, please take it to mean that I speak positively of
RMX, Fecyk's proposal, or Vixie's MAIL-FROM, unless otherwise noted.

>   - the new RMX RR will never be seriously considered in the DNS WG.
>   - if by some fluke that happens it will never pass Last Call in a DNS WRK.
>   - if everyone is asleep there, it won't pass IESG review or main list
>      Last Call.

I cannot speak for these bodies.  Assuming they place a very high utility
threshold for new RR's, as you imply and seems reasonable, we must generate
a strong case for them.  That's why I wrote an article called "The Case for
RMX Records".  But if new RR's are an absolute block, we can take Fecyk's or
Vixie's proposal.  These have other drawbacks, but not that one.

>   - if it does get standardized, it will not be widely implemented in MTAs.

I believe we have shown that strong incentives exist, both for senders
and receivers, to implement RMX, and that RMX is far simpler to
implement than many of the other proposals, which involve more
significant and fundamental changes to the mail protocol.

>   - it will not be installed by the organizations you need to install
>      it, including Hotmail, AOL, and Microsoft, because they will not
>      change their business models.

RMX would seem to allow them to strengthen their current business models
(webmail and/or email hosting service) by preventing abuse.  These
providers also have a strong incentive to implement RMX.

I surmise from Earthlink's new challenge-response program that major
providers are willing to try significant new steps to deal with their
spam problems.  RMX seems far less disruptive a change than
challenge-response.

> I'm beginning to get the impression that RMX proponents are egregiously
> unaware of how SMTP works and is commonly used.

Have I said something specific which gave you that impression?

> So why haven't you long since implemented the standard checks to
> prevent what you call "spoofed" free provider mail?

It would result in false positives in a way that RMX (by virtue of being
voluntary on the part of the sender) would not.

Mike

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] How many legitimate SMTP servers?
To: "Ken Hirsch"  <kenhirsch@myself.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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> Does anybody have an idea of how many legitimate SMTP servers there are?
> That is SMTP servers that are not used primarily for spam, have a static
> IP
> address, and have been active in the last, say, 12 months.
> 
> 

Tough question. I've no idea how you'd go about estimating this except by
getting
data from a *huge* number of recipients (receiving systems). You could
guess 20 million,
( see
https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg03504.htm
l
)
and no-one would be able to call you a liar.
However, I'd guess that the number of servers that meet your strict
definition would be substantially lower than this. I'm not sure why having
a dynamic IP address makes a server illegitimate - I scent an agenda :-)




--
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[ regarding why you believe Vixie's proposal is preferable to RMX ]

JCL> It also has the advantage of not changing its behaviour significantly 
JCL> as penetration thresholds grow.

Hi J.C.,

I dont't quite understand what you mean by this; could you please clarify?

Thanks,
Mike

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: william@elan.net
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation / Paul Vixie's procedure
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 11:13:37 +0200

On Thu, May 08, 2003 at 10:06:02PM -0700, william@elan.net wrote:
> RMX, MAIL-FROM, DSDNSBL all fail for mailing lists and for forwarding no 
> matter if you compare it to "MAIL FROM" or to envelope "From" header
> or both.

We have already discussed this issue on the mailing list several
weeks ago and came to the conclusion that it doesn't break mailing
lists. I have also addressed this issue in the second version of
my draft.

Would you mind to inform yourself before posting such claims?

Hadmut
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To: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners,
 so what?
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 02:19:05 -0700 (PDT)


On Thu, 8 May 2003, Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine wrote:
> Why should domain name registry operators and their registrars "care" about
> this problem, and assuming they did "care", what could they know that would
> be in their interests to know?
>
> I ask this as a contributor to a domain name registry provisioning protocol,
> a prior registry operator (gTLD and ccTLD) and registrar (current, voting),
> as well as a minor ISP operator.

Eric,

Are the following arguments useful to you?:

As the owner of several domains, my original reason for "inventing" RMX (I 
was unaware of Hadmut's proposal when I first wrote the article) was 
frustration at being unable to prevent spammers from using my domain name 
in their return address.

RMX is a proposal which will allow domain owners--your customers--to take 
back control over email sent out with their names attached to it.

Also, because there is a great deal of overlap between registry operators
and nameserver operators, some members of your group may be interested in 
providing RMX listings for their customers.

Any proposal which provides information that can help separate spam from
ham increases the value of email, and therefore the Internet and domain
names.  This is in the best interest of registry operators and their
registrars.

I can think of a few other arguments too, but it's 2:20AM, so I'm a bit
incoherent.  :)  Please email me off-list if you need more material.

Regards,
Mike

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation / Paul Vixie's procedure
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On Fri, 9 May 2003, David Walker wrote:
> I have to admit that this does seem to be a well laid out and workable
> method. (any comments I may have made earlier to the contrary were based
> on incomplete and inaccurate information)

Agreed: Vixie's proposal, like Feyck's, seems to accomplish much the same
outcome as RMX.  There are tradeoffs among them; RMX requires a new
resource record, but the other two hit DNS harder, for example.  The
similarities far outweigh the differences, though.  I'm most familiar with
RMX, but would not disappointed if either of the others took hold.

For now, assuming no new or important side-effects occur to me, please
regard my support for RMX as support for any of the three.

Mike

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX evaluation (was RE: Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats)
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        Mike Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>
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On Thursday, May 8, 2003, at 17:08 Europe/London, Paul Judge wrote:

> This is a clear list of arguments against RMX. To move this 
> conversation
> forward in a meaningful way, let's do a few things:
>
> Vernon, can you post Vixie's suggestions that you referring to so that
> everyone is aware of them. Can you also explain in more detail the
> difference between those and RMX to show why you say that it is 
> simpler.

Please also check out the DMP (a.k.a. DS) proposal which does not 
require a new RR, and does not mean that the UDP size limit for DNS 
would be exceeded on a regular basis.

<http://www.pan-am.ca/draft-fecyk-dsprotocol-02.txt>

I don't recall seeing anyone respond to the size limit problem with RMX 
when asked about it, but then I also had to stop reading this list for 
a while.

Matt.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 02:19:17 CDT."
             <2.1-7612759-373-A-OEWW@smtp.sprintpcs.com> 
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 07:09:27 -0400

>                            ... theoritically speaking if this rule is 
> enforced then the registrars will care if the domain has valid info. 

An appeal to a operational business interest is what I'm looking for,
though I'm willing to entertain candidate claims of marketing problem
or marketing opportunity, not an appeal to regulatory enforcement.

If the data that is provided a gTLD registrar, or to ccTLD registrar who
operates on a cost-recovery plus margin business model, by a registrant,
is sufficient for successful billing, the data is "registrar-sufficient".
It is not "intellectual-property-constituency-sufficient". For reasons of
inter-registrar, even inter-registry competition, whois data base mining
is _perceived_ to be both a business issue (unfair competition), and in
some way related to spam -- in both senarios contact data is harvested.
A paper by Ari [1] summarizing work done by CDT invalidates the primacy of
the second claim.

To summarize:
	o spammers do not use their real info when registering domains,
	  they steal from registrars, and possibly from registries.
	o spammers are not restricted to registrars and registries which
	  are in whole or in part under a regulatory regime in which ICANN
	  participates.
	o I'm not going to comment on whether the .com and .net registry
	  operator, and former .org registry operator, and operator of a
	  set of cctld registries, the 40% market-share registrar for the
	  com/net/org set of registries, or a vendor of certs, is acting
	  in good-faith, or in bad-faith -- only that it is an actor.

Everything in your note ultimately is independent of the knowledge that
a mesh of communicating registry-provisioning entities could make shared
data to registrars and registries which is contemporanious to detection,
by any means, of a new emitter. I must have posed the problem poorly.

I don't consider whois:43 to be any part of the solution-space. I write
that as the (former) co-chair of the whois-fix BoF (IETF), and as one of
many active in removing or modifying the ICANN bulk transfer requirement
for registrars, and the author of a draft [2] proposing that the status
of rfc954 be changed from "standard" to "historic". The IESG view on the
issue can be disscerned in the exchanges between its members and myself
in the archives of the PROVREG WG, to be brief, their position is that
a mechanism for registrant "opt-out" of publication via 954 is manditory
to implement, and optional to deploy.

I promise not to comment on 954 again.

Eric

[1] http://www.cdt.org/speech/spam/030319spamreport.pdf
[2] http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-brunner-rfc954-historic-00.txt
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 07:29:48 -0400

>           ... there is a great deal of overlap between registry operators
> and nameserver operators ...

I don't want to consider which system, provisioning or publication, should
be "driving" the other.

> Any proposal ...
> ... increases the value of email, and therefore the Internet and domain
> names.  This is in the best interest of registry operators and their
> registrars.

I'd like to stick to those that have directly visible causation in this
problem domain.

Eric
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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: Matt Sergeant <msergeant@startechgroup.co.uk>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RMX evaluation (was RE: Is there anything good enough? - Spoofing stats)
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 13:56:33 +0200

On Fri, May 09, 2003 at 10:06:13AM +0100, Matt Sergeant wrote:
>
> Please also check out the DMP (a.k.a. DS) proposal which does not 
> require a new RR, and does not mean that the UDP size limit for DNS 
> would be exceeded on a regular basis.
> 
> <http://www.pan-am.ca/draft-fecyk-dsprotocol-02.txt>
> 
> I don't recall seeing anyone respond to the size limit problem with RMX 
> when asked about it, but then I also had to stop reading this list for 
> a while.



I agree that this proposal does provide DNS answers with a better 
defined length and does not require a new RR type.

But I do not agree that this is a real problem of RMX. RMX uses
an indirection step, which keeps the RMX records small. 

And this proposal has a similar disadvantage like Paul Vixie's:
Whenever a provider changes the relay structure, it requires
immediate update of all zone tables. While in Paul Vixie's proposal
DNS names can be used and updates are required only if the 
number of relays grows, this proposal requires updates for every
single change. And if you really want to give a whole class-A network
permission, it requires 2^24 = about a million entries, still around 65000
entries for a class B network. This is a much more severe restriction
than the UDP packet size.

And you also have to keep in mind, that RMX, DMP and Paul Vixie's
proposal all fall into the same class, which is to store per-IP
authorization information in the sender address domain's DNS table.

If you take all the objections brought to this mailing list against 
RMX, these objections are not technical, not true or not arguable,
but however, if they apply, almost all of them apply to the whole
class of these DNS-based authorization methods. 

So moving to a different proposal doesn't contribute at this very
moment. It's a better step to move to the meta-layer and talk about
the whole class of these DNS-based methods. When this discussion is
finished then you can go back into the implementation details and
differences.

Hadmut

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Subject: Re: Consent (was Re: [Asrg] seeking comments on new RMX article )
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 14:13:23 +0200

On Wed, May 07, 2003 at 02:47:46PM -0700, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> There are 208 billion eight letter domains in dotcom alone, that is enough
> for twenty for every person on the planet.
> 
> If they become scarce for political reasons we can always create a new
> hierarchy. 

Domain names were implemented as a usability tool, to not to have to
remember IP addresses.
From that "208 billion eight letter domains in dotcom" only a vast
minority are according to the goal of domain names.

Usability has nothing to do with politics.

Or do you think your company would refuse trading the 8 letter domain
    verisign.com
to
    bxtzlftr.com
just for political reasons?

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
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             <200305082354.17231@grx> 
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 08:40:05 -0400

> > Please also don't assert truth for complex systems, it is a distraction.
> I'll attempt to use more pleasing semantics in the future.

I enjoy Baldric in Black Adder, for whom every plan is "cunning", but that
is comedy. 

> I can't imagine a scenario where a registry provider would be concerned about 
> spam as a part of providing registry services.  A registry doesn't gain or 
> lose because a registered domain is used for spam and they don't have any 
> dutues in overseeing how a domain is used.

Spammers generally don't pay for domain names.
Spammers generally don't pay for bandwidth.
Spammers generally don't pay for ...

It may well be that the cost to registry provisioning actors is insufficient
to motivate operational change, or regulatory change. It may also be that no
benefit can accrue to registry provisioning actors. That is what I'm trying
to determin.

Incidently, one registrar I know of markets their operational technique as
having registrant-desired anti-spam properties.

Claims for duty exist. See Prima Toy (pokey.com), "reserved names" in ICANN
contracts, and various national laws, actual or proposed, viz,
http://www.house.gov/rules/pence.pdf?tag=nl. There are mailing lists for
claims.

Eric
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 08:03:11 -0500
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On Friday 09 May 2003 12:06 am, william@elan.net wrote:
> RMX, MAIL-FROM, DSDNSBL all fail for mailing lists and for forwarding no
> matter if you compare it to "MAIL FROM" or to envelope "From" header or
> both.
>
> Envelope "From:" is the worst case since most mailing lists use their own
> mailfrom and do not change "From:" (do not assume that what you see in
> outlook is what others would see or that its really how mailist messsage
> looks like), so when your message arrives and mailfrom-aware recepient
> server checks and sees that envelope "From:" is from domain that has
> mailfrom record but connecting mailserver is not on list of those domain
> outgoing mail servers, then it would reject that email - to deal with this
> you have to whitelist maillist to let it through. But if you whitelist
> maillist then spammer can use that and forge "mailfrom" to appear that
> message is coming out of maillist and then your server will accept the
> email eventhough it came from spammer and eventhough he did not have
> right to use this envelope "From:".
In other conversations I have had all involved parties referred to "envelope 
from" and "mail from" as having the same meaning with "envelope" referring to 
the smtp transaction and "mail from" referring to the actual command used in 
the smtp transaction.  If this is not the case please substitute "mail from" 
for the term "envelope from" in my message.

> If you use MAIL FROM header then you are able to accept emails from most
> mailing lists but its trivial for spammer to choose some domain for
> mail-from that has no mailfrom record but since most users consider
> "From:" as sender of the message, this still means spammer can appear to
> have sent email from address when he has no right to do so. In addition
> there is a bigger problem with forwarders and with maillists that
> actually use the original MAIL FROM (how many times have you received
> bounces from end-user servers when you send email to mailing list? - by
> SMTP specs all bounces go to MAIL FROM). And again a reminder - "MAIL FROM"
> is address for sending bounces - it is not the best idea to use as
> the only means of verifiyng origin of the email.
Not often.  and the list admins have corrected that behavior by now.
>
> Add to this that some mail service providers (such as hotmail) mark as spam
> all emails that do not have the same email address for MAIL FROM as for
> envelope "From:". This leads to blockage of pretty much any maillist and
> forwarder of mailfrom or rmx where to be used.
That is current behavior.  It will not be made any better or worse by this 
design.
>
> I do belive that making originator verification linked through DNS is a
> good idea and some sort systems which has original in RMX or Mail From
> proposals can be used as part of larger solution but not something as
> simple as just checking an ip of connecting mail server.
I don't understand why not to do something simple.
>
> And remember - when evaluating proposals that effect STMP routing (but do
> not replace it with new protocol) you have to consider transition situation
> as being of the most importance - i.e. when some are aware of your changes
> to email system but most are not (this can go on for 5-10 years!). That a
> proposal might work if everybody has upgraded can in fact lead to failure
> of proposal if its initial impact is too high. Such would be the case with
> RMX since if any large domain setup such record (and large domains such as
> aol, hotmail, msn, etc are the ones most often forged) and their user's
> emails are bouncing, they will soon remove it and not try it again.
Good error messages are good for everyone.  But I think you are guessing about 
their actions.
>
> This will probably be my only post on current ongoing mailfrom & rmx
> discussion, though I'v extensively commented on this before on this
> mail list. I'm not against these proposals, but having evaluated them
> I do not believe any current ones will work and I'm convinced their
> implementation will lead to more harm then good.
When I get some free time I'm going to be harming my network then.

>
> On Fri, 9 May 2003, David Walker wrote:
> > I have to admit that this does seem to be a well laid out and workable
> > method. (any comments I may have made earlier to the contrary were based
> > on incomplete and inaccurate information)
> >
> > It accomplishes all of the goals of RMX and similar schemes and it is
> > reasonably close to accepted standards and doesn't abuse them and it does
> > not require any programming changes on the DNS end.
> >
> > Due to interactions with internet mailing lists I personally feel that
> > the comparison should be against the envelope-from instead of mail-from
> > and that differences between the envelope-from and mail-from should be
> > displayed in the MUA.  I believe Outlook (I know, not a good example but
> > an example) displays this information via the Sender or X-Sender header
> > if I remember correctly.  The output resembles
> > "From: asrg@ietf.org on behalf of paul@vix.com"
> >
> > Are there any/very many servers configured this way currently?
> >
> > On Thursday 08 May 2003 12:47 pm, Paul Vixie wrote:
> > > > I searched for but failed to find Paul Vixie's short mail message
> > > > describing the idea.  ...
> > >
> > >    Independent                                            Paul Vixie
> > > (Ed.) Request for Comments: XXXX Category: Experimental
> > >    June 6, 2002
> > >
> > >                             Repudiating MAIL FROM
> > >
> > >    Status of this Memo
> > >
> > >       This memo describes an experimental procedure for handling
> > > received e-mail.  It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.
> > > Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
> > >
> > >    Copyright Notice
> > >
> > >       Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
> > >
> > >    Abstract
> > >
> > >       At the time of this writing, more than half of all e-mail
> > > received by the author has a forged return address, due to the total
> > > absence of address authentication in SMTP (see [RFC2821]).  We present
> > > a simple and backward compatible method whereby cooperating e-mail
> > > senders and receivers can detect forged source/return addresses in
> > > e-mail.
> > >
> > >    1 - Introduction and Overview
> > >
> > >    1.1. Internet e-mail return addresses are nonrepudiable by design of
> > > the relevant transport protocols (see [RFC2821]).  Simply put, there is
> > > no cause for ANY confidence in the proposition "this e-mail came from
> > > where it says it came from."
> > >
> > >    1.2. Irresponsible actors who wish to transmit unwanted bulk e-mail
> > >    routinely use this designed-in lack of source/return authenticity to
> > >    hide their point of origin, which usually involves forging a valid
> > >    return address belonging to some highly visible and popular ISP (for
> > >    example, HOTMAIL.COM).
> > >
> > >    1.3. Recipients who wish to reject unwanted bulk e-mail containing
> > >    forged source/return addresses are prevented from doing so since the
> > >    addresses, as presented, are nonrepudiable by design.  Simply put,
> > > there would be too many false positives, and too much valid e-mail
> > > rejected, if one were to program an e-mail relay to "reject all e-mail
> > > claiming to be from HOTMAIL.COM" since, statistically, most e-mail
> > > claiming to be from HOTMAIL.COM is actually from somewhere else. 
> > > HOTMAIL.COM, in this example, is a victim of forgery.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >    Vixie                         Experimental                     
> > > [Page 1]
> > >
> > >    RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26,
> > > 2002
> > >
> > >
> > >    1.4. What's needed is a way to guaranty that each received e-mail
> > >    message did in fact come from some mail server or relay which can
> > >    rightfully originate or relay messages from the purported
> > > source/return address.
> > >
> > >    1.5. Approaches of the form "use PGP" and "use SSL" are not scalable
> > > in the short term since they depend on end-to-end action and there are
> > > just too many endpoints.  An effective solution has to be applicable to
> > > mail relay, not just final delivery.
> > >
> > >    1.6. Valid ("wanted") e-mail must not be rejected by side effect or
> > >    partial adoption of this proposal.  Source/return authenticity must
> > > be a confidence effector, as in "we can be sure that this did not come
> > > from where it claims" and simple uncertainty must remain in effect
> > > otherwise.
> > >
> > >    2 - Behaviour
> > >
> > >    2.1. Domain owners who wish their mail source/return information to
> > > be repudiable will enter stylized MX RR's into their DNS data, whose
> > > owner name is "MAIL-FROM", whose priority is zero, and whose servername
> > > registers an outbound (border) relay for the domain.  For example, to
> > > tell the rest of the Internet who they should believe when they receive
> > > mail claiming to be from VIXIE@ISC.ORG, the following DNS MX RR's
> > > should be entered:
> > >
> > >       $ORIGIN isc.org.
> > >       MAIL-FROM MX 0 rc
> > >                 MX 0 rc1
> > >
> > >    In this example, hosts RC.ISC.ORG, and RC1.ISC.ORG are given as
> > >    appropriate places to originate mail from @ISC.ORG.  Note that this
> > >    differs from the normal inbound MX RRset for this example domain:
> > >
> > >       $ORIGIN isc.org.
> > >       @         MX 0 rc
> > >                 MX 0 isrv4
> > >
> > >    So, the inbound mail server set partially overlaps with, but differs
> > >    from, the example outbound mail server set.  This is quite common in
> > > the Internet, and is the reason why the normal inbound mail server set
> > > described by a domain's apex MX RRset cannot be used for repudiation
> > > purposes.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >    Vixie                         Experimental                     
> > > [Page 2]
> > >
> > >    RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26,
> > > 2002
> > >
> > >
> > >    2.2. Second-stage relays such as ISP mail servers are often used and
> > > can be described by adding as many relays as necessary to the MAIL-FROM
> > > MX RRset.  In our example, if ISC sometimes used UUNET for outbound
> > > mail services, the DNS data describing this relationship might be as
> > > follows:
> > >
> > >       $ORIGIN isc.org.
> > >       MAIL-FROM MX 0 rc
> > >                 MX 0 rc1
> > >                 MX 0 uunet.uu.net.
> > >
> > >    Let it be noted that a domain owner's power to repudiate forged
> > > e-mail is only as strong as the security policy of its registered
> > > inbound and outbound mail relays, and that if such a relay is (for
> > > example) open to third party relay, then no value will be added by
> > > registering a domain MAIL-FROM MX containing that relay, and no inbound
> > > MAIL-FROM checking will be possible on final delivery relays for a
> > > domain @ MX containing that relay.  Multistage relays (both inbound and
> > > outbound) are a breeding ground for anonymity unless they are very
> > > carefully configured.
> > >
> > >    2.3. SMTP receivers wishing to attempt repudiation on inbound e-mail
> > >    would check the SMTP (see [RFC2821]) MAIL FROM payload at the time
> > > of receipt.  The precise method to be used is as follows:
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >    Vixie                         Experimental                     
> > > [Page 3]
> > >
> > >    RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26,
> > > 2002
> > >
> > >
> > >       on (MAIL FROM mailfrom) {
> > >            switch (repudiated(mailfrom, ipsource))
> > >            case tempfail:
> > >                 smtpreply(450, "temporary dns failure, try again
> > > later") break
> > >            case repudiated:
> > >                 smtpreply(550, "surely you're joking")
> > >                 dsn("5.7.1", "delivery not authorized")
> > >                 invalidate()   // reject all but QUIT and RSET
> > >                 break
> > >            }
> > >       }
> > >
> > >       repudiated(mailfrom, ipsource) = {
> > >            (lhs, rhs) = parse_addr(mailfrom);
> > >            // handle "MAIL FROM:<>" somehow
> > >            mxset = get_mx("MAIL-FROM" "." rhs);
> > >            if (mxset == NULL)
> > >                 return nonrepudiated;
> > >            mxset += configured(perimeter_relays);
> > >            foreach mx (mxset) {
> > >                 aset = get_a(mx.server);
> > >                 if (ipsource IN aset)
> > >                      return nonrepudiated;
> > >            }
> > >            return repudiated;
> > >       }
> > >
> > >    (EDITOR'S NOTE: need to establish a value for 5xx.)
> > >
> > >    The method amounts to "if there's a MAIL-FROM for the purported
> > > domain and if the IP source isn't on the resulting list, then reject
> > > the mail". Multistage inbound relays are allowed for, by implicitly
> > > appending one's own outer perimeter relay names to every extant
> > > MAIL-FROM.
> > >
> > >    3 - Impact
> > >
> > >    3.1. This specification is optional, and will only affect
> > > cooperating parties.  Any domain owner who does not enter a MAIL-FROM
> > > will be unaffected, and any SMTP receiver who does not look for a
> > > MAIL-FROM at time of receipt will be unaffected.  However, both parties
> > > working together CAN work to repudiate forged e-mail return/source
> > > information.
> > >
> > >    3.2. Transport-level e-mail forwarding must be more explicit under
> > > this specification.  For example if VIXIE@NETBSD.ORG's account has a
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >    Vixie                         Experimental                     
> > > [Page 4]
> > >
> > >    RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26,
> > > 2002
> > >
> > >
> > >    ".forward" file pointing at VIXIE@ISC.ORG, then e-mail sent to the
> > >    former will be received by the latter, but with no change in the
> > > payload of SMTP MAIL FROM.  Thus, ISC's inbound relays would have to be
> > > configured to implicitly add NETBSD's outbound mail relays as
> > > "multistage inbound relays."  This could scale poorly and may add
> > > pressure toward transport remailing (with a new envelope) rather than
> > > transport forwarding (reusing the old envelope.)
> > >
> > >    3.3. Roaming hosts such as laptop computers will probably not be
> > > able to be listed in the MAIL-FROM MX RR for their return address
> > > domain name, and may be forced to use an intermediary for outbound
> > > e-mail.  STARTTLS or an SSL/SSH tunnel back "home" may become a
> > > necessary first hop for mobile e-mail.
> > >
> > >    3.4. The likely endgame for this behaviour is to force senders of
> > >    unwanted bulk e-mail to stop lying about who they are, which is
> > > illegal in meatspace anyway -- but such laws are unenforceable due to
> > > the nature of the Internet's mail system.  Under this proposal, any
> > > domain owner who is the victim of forgery can respond by adding
> > > MAIL-FROM data to their DNS zone, and any relay owner who is the victim
> > > of forged unwanted e-mail can respond by checking for MAIL-FROM data
> > > upon receipt of all incoming e-mail.
> > >
> > >    3.5. The DNS TTL for MAIL-FROM MX RRsets ought to be shorter than
> > > for the corresponding domain's apex MX RR, since the cost of widely
> > > cached wrong information is much higher for outbound repudiation data
> > > than for inbound delivery data.  Consider that an incomplete apex MX RR
> > > can cause mail to be delivered by a suboptimal path, whereas an
> > > incomplete MAIL- FROM MX RR can cause valid mail to be rejected by
> > > relays who attempt repudiation.
> > >
> > >    4 - Security Considerations
> > >
> > >    In the continuing absence of widely deployed security for DNS, this
> > >    proposal effectively places an access control list for forged
> > >    source/return information in a place where it can be attacked. 
> > > However, it must be noted that the current senders of forged unwanted
> > > bulk e-mail are typically not technologically capable of attacking the
> > > DNS to insert forged MAIL-FROM data.
> > >
> > >    5 - Acknowledgements
> > >
> > >    This idea originated with Jim Miller <jmiller@jcmco.com> in 1998.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >    Vixie                         Experimental                     
> > > [Page 5]
> > >
> > >    RFC XXXX                  Repudiating MAIL FROM             May 26,
> > > 2002
> > >
> > >
> > >    5 - Author's Address
> > >
> > >    Paul Vixie
> > >       950 Charter Street
> > >       Redwood City, CA 94063
> > >       +1 650 779 7000
> > >       paul@vix.com
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >    Vixie                         Experimental                     
> > > [Page 6]
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Asrg mailing list
> > > Asrg@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what?
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> From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>

> ...
> I can't imagine a scenario where a registry provider would be concerned about 
> spam as a part of providing registry services.  A registry doesn't gain or 
> lose because a registered domain is used for spam and they don't have any 
> dutues in overseeing how a domain is used.

Some registrars have asserted that they will cancel registrations of
domains for spamming.  Some have even followed through.  For example,
Domains by Proxy has been zapping spammers using its anonymizing
registration service.  The operators of .BZ have recently shocked the
world by terminating a spammer on the pretex of a bad contact address.
There are others who get less attention because they are not popular
among spammers.

Registries and registrars can gain or lose because a registered domain
is used for spam, because the reputation of the domain suffers.  Users
who really hate spam and see only spam from a new TLD are likely to
blacklist it.  I suspect that domain names in .bz and .biz are worth
a lot less to organizations who want to send legitimate mail than
names in .com because of this effect.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation / Paul Vixie's procedure
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On Friday 09 May 2003 12:06 am, william@elan.net wrote:
> Envelope "From:" is the worst case since most mailing lists use their own
> mailfrom and do not change "From:" (do not assume that what you see in
> outlook is what others would see or that its really how mailist messsage
> looks like), so when your message arrives and mailfrom-aware recepient
> server checks and sees that envelope "From:" is from domain that has
> mailfrom record but connecting mailserver is not on list of those domain
> outgoing mail servers, then it would reject that email - to deal with this
> you have to whitelist maillist to let it through. But if you whitelist
> maillist then spammer can use that and forge "mailfrom" to appear that
> message is coming out of maillist and then your server will accept the
> email eventhough it came from spammer and eventhough he did not have
> right to use this envelope "From:".

I re-read my message again and my use of the terms evelope-from and mail-from 
were just not done right.  Where I said "envelope from" I meant the "mail 
from:" part of the smtp transaction and where I said "mail from" I meant the 
mail's "from:" header.  But there really isn't any way people could know that 
from reading my message. (I will blame the late hour but I should have been 
more careful)

If the "from:" header doesn't match the "mail from" that the MUA should 
indicate that to the user.
if the "mail from" doesn't pass the MX MAIL-FROM lookup then the mail should 
be able to be denied.
If the "from:" header doesn't pass the MX MAIL-FROM lookup then a warning 
might be in order but not a deny since that would disable mailing list 
action.

Sorry for the confusion.

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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 14:33:52 +0100
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On Friday, May 9, 2003, at 02:35 Europe/London, Hallam-Baker, Phillip 
wrote:

> It was clear that the FTC conference was held with the intention
> of legislating. legislation is inevitable for many reasons, not
> least the image of the US abroad. it does the US no good to have
> the spam senders constantly advertising the US as a country lax
> on fraud.
>
> That said there is a technical issue here. Legislation will force
> the spam senders to react.
>
> It was very clear at the FTC conference that nobody is going to
> be waiting for technology to solve the problem.

What wasn't clear from the conference (and really *is* the case) is 
that technology has solved the problem from a recipients point of view 
for anyone willing to invest in a solution.

Unfortunately nobody got to present that point of view.

Of course that all changes nothing about the overall state of email and 
the reason for this working group. Just because some people are 
effectively blocking spam doesn't mean the spam doesn't exist.

Matt.

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To: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation / Paul Vixie's procedure
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 04:13:51 -0700 (PDT)

I looked at new version or proposal briefly and will reread it in fully as 
I plan to read fully all that is contained in the archive last month. But 
the problem is more fundamental that new version can not possibly address.
I would go as far as to say that its theoreticly impossible for RMX to do 
what it is supposed to do without breaking maillists and similar mail relay 
services because of the very basis of design for these proposals.

RMX and other similar proposals are there to verify mail sender (that person
or machine sending email) is authorized to use particular domain in the from
address. But validation is done by ip of the connecting mail server and 
that means you're substituting one-hop (server-server) verification where 
you actually want end-end verification. If you go by mailpath A->B->C 
where A is origin and B is intermediate server, then by the very design, 
best RMX can do for destination C is verify conversation and something about 
site "B" but not anything about site "A" which is the origin. The 
proponents will all say that if everybody is doing it and if B validates 
A and C validates B then its the same as that C validates A but that is 
where problem lies we do not have persistency of trust on the mail path 
so if C validates B, what we have is that "C verfied that B is using some 
third-party domain and that it is claiming that it has verified C".  The 
word "claiming" is the problem here, we have substituted real verification
of mail origin (which is what we wanted) for verification that some domain
being supplied by connecting server is there - that is all! And we all 
know that domains are pretty easy to get hold of for spammers and tracing 
by domain is actually less valuable then tracing by ip!

There are several ways to get around the above problem. One is to have 
clear way for C to verify that email passed through A, i.e. that sender 
network is aware that some mail originated there (this is mail tracking 
- I'll mention this again in details later and have already discussed this 
before in my notes). Another way is to use crypto signatures to provide 
necessary trust - that is either email itself is entirely signed (S/MIME, 
PGP, etc) or possibly it includes some token that we know only orign server 
could have included (i.e. token can be verified from dns) - this is hashcash
and similar proposals. In all cases we would need to have destination contact
some service at origin domain to verify something about the email (like
tracking data, crypto key or signature, CRL, etc) just like RMX proposal 
does it (i.e. dns check), so this basic idea would be used no matter what!

On Fri, 9 May 2003, Hadmut Danisch wrote:

> On Thu, May 08, 2003 at 10:06:02PM -0700, william@elan.net wrote:
> > RMX, MAIL-FROM, DSDNSBL all fail for mailing lists and for forwarding no 
> > matter if you compare it to "MAIL FROM" or to envelope "From" header
> > or both.
> 
> We have already discussed this issue on the mailing list several
> weeks ago and came to the conclusion that it doesn't break mailing
> lists. I have also addressed this issue in the second version of
> my draft.
> 
> Would you mind to inform yourself before posting such claims?
> 
> Hadmut
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 

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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 08:25:04 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Mike Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>

> ...
> I reviewed the article at www.monkeys.com, and while I agree that their
> approach is reasonable given that RMX records do not yet exist, I am
> believe the existence of RMX would improve it.  

"Improved" and "better" are not as simple as Madison Ave would have
us think.  The ancient hack of comparing reverse DNS names and envelope
sender names has disadvantages, but it has a compelling advantage.
As you can see from Paul Vixie's ID (or draft ID if it was never
published), RMX notions are at least 5 years old, but are still usable.
During those 5 years and before, the reverse DNS hack has blocked a
lot of spam.

>                                            ...   Also, theirs is a hack,
> albeit in the best sense of the word. 

All notions of "RMX" are also at best hacks.  As you say, that's not
necessarily a bad thing.

>                                        A more general solution that
> treats all domains--not just the big free ones--would seem to be
> preferred.

Perhaps so, if you are not worried about things like deployment and
you assume things we disagree about, such as Microsoft's view.


> ...
> I cannot speak for these bodies.  Assuming they place a very high utility
> threshold for new RR's, as you imply and seems reasonable, we must generate
> a strong case for them.  That's why I wrote an article called "The Case for
> RMX Records".  But if new RR's are an absolute block, we can take Fecyk's or
> Vixie's proposal.  These have other drawbacks, but not that one.

In some theories, it is easy to define and deploy a new RR.  In practice,
things are otherwise.  Someone mentioned the SRV RR.  It is years old,
addresses a more compelling need, but still does not have the coverage
that an anti-spam RR would need.


> >   - if it does get standardized, it will not be widely implemented in MTAs.
>
> I believe we have shown that strong incentives exist, both for senders
> and receivers, to implement RMX, 

On the contrary, no one has shown that sufficently strong incentives
exist for the domain owners that currently matter most.  Only if you
ignore all of evidence that major free providers want their users to
be able send from anywhere and take the contrary view that is completely
unsupported by evidence can one say that Hotmail, Yahoo, etc. have
those strong incentives.

>                                  and that RMX is far simpler to
> implement than many of the other proposals, which involve more
> significant and fundamental changes to the mail protocol.

That other proposals have even worse prospects is not much of a
selling point to those who want to affect spam more than get their
names in the RFC index.


> >   - it will not be installed by the organizations you need to install
> >      it, including Hotmail, AOL, and Microsoft, because they will not
> >      change their business models.
>
> RMX would seem to allow them to strengthen their current business models
> (webmail and/or email hosting service) by preventing abuse.  These
> providers also have a strong incentive to implement RMX.

Please offer some evidence of that assertion.  What you might do if
you were in charge those outfits is not convincing.  Again, for example
and for the umpteenth time, if those outfits don't want their users
to send from anywhere, why don't they prohibit that in their terms of
service, not to mention terminating accounts for doing it?


> I surmise from Earthlink's new challenge-response program that major
> providers are willing to try significant new steps to deal with their
> spam problems.  RMX seems far less disruptive a change than
> challenge-response.

No, Earthlink's challenge-response system disrupts things only for
individual users who turn on challenge-responses, while RMX schemes disrupt
things for the many users currently sending Earthlink mail from other than
Earthlink MTAs as well as for the people running those Earthlink MTAs.


> > I'm beginning to get the impression that RMX proponents are egregiously
> > unaware of how SMTP works and is commonly used.
>
> Have I said something specific which gave you that impression?

I've been working very hard to go against my grain and avoid getting
personal.  Please don't undermine my efforts.  Without naming names,
it seems that some people might benefit from checking instead of merely
asserting
  - how many legitimate mail messages would fail any sort of RMX test.
  - how many ISPs want to alienate the users who send those legitimate
      messages.
  - what DNS lookups, including reverse, are already done by SMTP servers.
  - how zone files are maintained, and what can be in them (e.g. how
      many PTR lines per IP address)
I don't know everything about anything including about SMTP and DNS,
so I think there's nothing wrong with unaffected ignorance.  However,
refusing to make easy checks such as asking Google before making
assertions, inventing sections of RFCs out of whole cloth, and reacting
badly to having been caught in error are disreputable.


> > So why haven't you long since implemented the standard checks to
> > prevent what you call "spoofed" free provider mail?
>
> It would result in false positives in a way that RMX (by virtue of being
> voluntary on the part of the sender) would not.

That is wrong unless you assume things are true that I understand you
think are false.  If you believe that little legitimate mail comes from
SMTP clients not run by Yahoo and Hotmail but with Yahoo or Hotmail
sending domain names, then there would be few false positives with that
hack applied to the couple dozen Hotmail and Yahoo domain names.

Note that the point of RMX schemes is that they are not voluntary on
the part of the sender of the mail but only on the part of the owner
of the sender domain name.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com

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From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>
To: william@elan.net
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation / Paul Vixie's procedure
Message-ID: <20030509142622.GA8019@danisch.de>
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 16:26:22 +0200

On Fri, May 09, 2003 at 04:13:51AM -0700, william@elan.net wrote:

> I would go as far as to say that its theoreticly impossible for RMX to do 
> what it is supposed to do without breaking maillists and similar mail relay 
> services because of the very basis of design for these proposals.



Please elaborate, how RMX would break e.g. the asrg@ietf.org mailing
list.


Hadmut
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 07:05:13 MDT."
             <200305091305.h49D5D7u001926@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 10:21:04 -0400

Morning Vernon,

Could you expand on "zapping spammers" and [registrar name]'s proxy 
product? Is this a reference to the provisioning of non-unique data
(registrar agent contact data) rather than unique (registrant) data
to the registrar's whoisdb (RRP provisioning) or registry's whoisdb
(EPP provisioning), or some administrative DoS based upon contract
T&C breach by the (proxied) registrant (or its agents)?

> registration service.  The operators of .BZ have recently shocked the
> world by terminating a spammer on the pretex of a bad contact address.

Ha! I'll have to pass that along to Edmon. I only learned last month his
outfit operates .bz. (Originally a "cunning plan" by some Baldrik@VGRS 
for market confusion when Neu* launched .biz).

> There are others who get less attention because they are not popular
> among spammers.

Any data? We can correlate it against Lotter's surveys, the RIPE data,
etc.

> Registries and registrars can gain or lose because a registered domain
> is used for spam, because the reputation of the domain suffers.  Users
> who really hate spam and see only spam from a new TLD are likely to
> blacklist it.  I suspect that domain names in .bz and .biz are worth
> a lot less to organizations who want to send legitimate mail than
> names in .com because of this effect.

Personally, I think repurposing ccTLDs risks failure to meet the duty and
trustee lnaguage of section 3, rfc1591. For many ccTLDs that have been
repurposed, the failure is not hypothetical. I no longer work for, or with,
the .biz (and .us) registry operator. Do operational practices have some
potential or actual consequences which may affect name use? You bet. It
means spending some of that $5-and-change/name-year on brand protection.

You've pointed to the complex sequence of events (sunrise-to-steady-state)
and operational practices of ICANN and non-ICANN actors as having some real
consequences. I agree. A registry that re-launches with a thousand-dollar
price point (100/year, refundable for insert-circumstances), is unlikely to
be a haven for spam, assuming they actually collect before provisioning is
converted to publication. That's the most extream case in the cash-as-filter
conduct spectrum that I know of.

Thanks for the note. I look forward to your reply.

Eric
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 08:41:41 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Hadmut Danisch <hadmut@danisch.de>

> ...
> It is very astonishing that it is Vernon who brings that proposal.
> Concerning Vernon's objections against RMX, there is no difference
> between RMX and this proposal. So why should those objections 
> apply on RMX, but not on that proposal? The effect that use of 
> a certain domain as a sender address will be limited to some
> IP addresses as well. It will require DNS queries as well. 
> It will require hotmail, yahoo, aol users to deliver through
> the hotmail/yahoo/aol relays as well. So what's the point in 
> quoting that proposal in context of the objections against RMX?

What is astonishing about trying to be honest and forthright?  Those
of my objections to RMX that are also relevant to Paul's notion
certainly apply.  I did write:

] - I do not like this scheme, because I do not agree with the goal of
l    forcing people to use the same going as incoming ISPs.


> The advantage of Paul Vixie's proposal is, that it doesn't require
> a new DNS RR type. 
>
> The disadvantage is, that it is error prone and takes a high overhead:
>
> There are providers who provide services for 20..2,000,000 domains. 
> Since in this proposal the domain zone tables must list every single
> mail relay, all zone tables must be updated if the provider installs
> an additional relay. 

I do not understand how which files must be edited differs among the
RMX varients.  I also do not understand how one can make any general
claim in that regard because the most popular DNS server implementations
have features like "include" statements to include other files.

>                      If the provider does have access to the zone
> tables, this is just a heap of work. If the provider does not have
> access to the zone tables, then it is a severe overhead and delay
> to inform all the domain owners and ask them to update their tables.

I do not understand how a provider that should be controlling RMX-like
records is likely to not have access to teh zone tables.

> When writing your domain table, you need a detailed list of the 
> relays your provider has. At least you need to know the number of
> relays. In reality, it would certainly look like this:
>
> .. MX  relay0.provider.com
>        relay1.provider.com
>        relay2.provider.com
>
> But you will always have to update the list if the provider uses
> one more relay than you have listed. 
>
> That's why RMX uses an indirection step through the provider's 
> APL records. It's a design criterion to avoid this overhead and
> delay.

An example contrasting the records for the two proposals might
make that clear.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what?
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 09:09:38 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>

> ..
> Could you expand on "zapping spammers" and [registrar name]'s proxy 
> product? 

See http://groups.google.com/groups?q=author%3Aabuse%40domainsbyproxy.com

>                   ...  A registry that re-launches with a thousand-dollar
> price point (100/year, refundable for insert-circumstances), is unlikely to
> be a haven for spam, assuming they actually collect before provisioning is
> converted to publication. That's the most extream case in the cash-as-filter
> conduct spectrum that I know of.
> ...

It's worthwhile to remember that the current majority of spam is not
the only kind.  When the senders of other kinds finally get deploy their
congresscritters and direct enough attention from law enforcement to
stop the current flood of frauds and nonsense, the other kinds will remain.
The other kinds come from organizations that feel more comfortable
paying $1000 than $10 or $100 for services such as domain registration.
They're the Fortune 50,000 that assume that software with $150/seat
license fees must be better than software with no license fees.

Making spam more expensive can ato most shift the character of the
contents of spam.  Higher costs will not end it, as demonstrated
by postal junk mail.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 08 May 2003 23:09:19 EDT."
             <5.2.0.9.2.20030508230311.00bb9470@std5.imagineis.com> 
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 11:31:39 -0400

Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> Would registering more junk domains mean that the spammer will be spending 
> more money on sending spam?

  When they make millions off of spam, that doesn't matter.

> Also, if the ICANN rule about having correct WHOIS information would 
> actually be enforced with some kind of fines or penalties, wouldn't that 
> force the registrars to have better ID procedures ...

  Yes.

  Right now, spammers are traceable to dial-ups, open relays, or
spam-friendly ISP's.  That means in some cases, it's extremely
difficult to track down who's responsible for allowing the spammer to
operate.

  That is, there are fewer domain name registrars than ISP's.  There
are fewer domain name registrars than open proxies, or dial-up users.

  Forcing spammers to register new domains in order to spam means that
the registrars are a central point of control on spammers activities.
This allows registrars to be made accountable to the rest of the
network, for permitting spammers to operate.

  In the extreme case, we could have spammer-only registrars.  People
who don't want to send spam would see that the sender was associated
with a registrar they didn't like, and could refuse the SMTP
transaction.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 02:19:17 CDT."
             <2.1-7612759-373-A-OEWW@smtp.sprintpcs.com> 
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 11:38:02 -0400

Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> I would suggest in general that the working group should recommend to 
> ICANN a stricter enforcement of the WHOIS rules

  I support this proposal.

  Does anyone have time to write a proposal for BCP, to fight spam
by better applying existing network policy?

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation / Paul Vixie's procedure 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 04:13:51 PDT."
             <Pine.LNX.4.44.0305090118060.1089-100000@sokol.elan.net> 
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 11:50:27 -0400

william@elan.net wrote:
> I would go as far as to say that its theoreticly impossible for RMX to do 
> what it is supposed to do without breaking maillists and similar mail relay 
> services because of the very basis of design for these proposals.

  I disagree.  You are operating under two misconceptions:


    1) Everyone is required to implement and use RMX

    2) Everyone is required to implement and use ONLY RMX.


  I would suggest that Hadmut add text to his draft saying something
like:

  "Sites implementing RMX verification are free to NOT perform that
   verification on whitelists of addresses/domains, if they so
   choose."

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
To: "Alan DeKok"  <aland@freeradius.org>
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 16:39:39 +0100

> Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> > I would suggest in general that the working group should recommend to 
> > ICANN a stricter enforcement of the WHOIS rules
> 
> 
>   I support this proposal.
> 
>   Does anyone have time to write a proposal for BCP, to fight spam
> by better applying existing network policy?
> 
>   Alan DeKok.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> 


I'm sure this has been done a few times... in "local" forms
there's 
http://www.ripe.net/ripe/docs/ripe-206.html
for instance.

Of course this is aimed at ISPs.




--
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what?
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 16:51:45 +0100

> 
> I would suggest in general that the working group should recommend to 
> ICANN a stricter enforcement of the WHOIS rules 

You're probably familiar with this document:

http://www.icann.org/gnso/whois-tf/report-19feb03.htm

There's an interesting minority report at the bottom.




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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org, brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 09:09:38 MDT."
             <200305091509.h49F9c0F021240@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 11:47:48 -0400

> See http://groups.google.com/groups?q=author%3Aabuse%40domainsbyproxy.com

Thanks.

Apropos of nothing, a registrar has been causal in moving the retail price 
point for gTLD domains down to sub-10. Two times this floor price presently
appears sufficient to meet the cost of spam-specific registrar or re-seller
agent intervention.

> It's worthwhile to remember that the current majority of spam is not
> the only kind. ...

Thanks. I've been fixating on the low-cost transients. For the cost-capable
models (persistent), the "reputable businesses with endpoint identifiers,
aka personal indentifiers" problem, different treatment.

The P3P Specification Working Group has a "P3P beyond HTTP" task force,
which cheritably might include disclosure ((via the <access> element), via
protocols other than HTTP, SOAP, etc., e.g., including SMTP) of how the
recipient's address was acquired or may be unacquired or corrected, and so
on. It also has a "Compact policies" task force for which an xml-2-ebnf
transform is possible. An xml-2-XYZ (aka "developer-readable language")
wire encoding optimization already exists for HTTP cookies.

Eric
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] How many legitimate SMTP servers? 
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 12:13:41 -0400

"Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com> wrote:
> Does anybody have an idea of how many legitimate SMTP servers there are?
> That is SMTP servers that are not used primarily for spam, have a static IP
> address, and have been active in the last, say, 12 months.

  A number I heard from one spam filtering services was that they had
roughly 250K IP's maching those criteria.

  That's small enough to set up a DNS whitelist, doing the opposite of
what RBL's do.

  Alan DeKok.
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 10:13:51 -0600

Here is the problem as I see it:

1.   Anybody can send forged mail.
2.   Recipients need a way of verifying identity.
3.   any method of identity verification requires at least 1 out of band 
transfer of information.
4.   Various methods proposed have tried to use existing systems to 
facilitate this transfer.
5.   Existing systems were not designed with authentication in mind.

The solution I see:
We should develop a standard way of facilitating any out of band transfer, 
with authentication in mind.

John Fenley



Here is something I just thought of. Sorry if anyone feels i'm treating this 
list like a think tank, cause that's kind of how I see it.
=========================================
InformationChallenge/AutoResponse:
Sender side method that allows authentication.

When A message is sent, a trigger indicating IC/AR compliance is sent as 
well. Possibly placed in the header.
When a message in IC/AR format is recieved, they are responded to 
automatically with information the recipient has chosen.

These IC/AR requests could be of the format:
Subject: IC/AR:(sender picks random #)

Then responded by:
Subject: IC/AR Reply:(same random number back)
==body==
PgP Signature: <xxxxxxxxx>
other Signature: <xxxxxxxxx>
Valid Ip addresses: <xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx>, <xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx>,
Some future info: <XX&XXX.AAZZXX>


I think this would allow some sender authentication for people who want it, 
without messing with existing systems.

It assumes 3 things:
1. if you can recieve mail to an address you have the right to make some 
decisions about it.
2. The chance of somebody spoofing both a from address and a random number 
you choose, to trick you into recieving false info, is small.
3. the bandwidth, and processing done would not place too much extra burden 
on either senders or recipients.
4. This would not interfere with anyone not using the system.
==========================================

_________________________________________________________________
STOP MORE SPAM with the new MSN 8 and get 2 months FREE*  
http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail

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From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Subject: Re: Fwd: [Asrg] How many legitimate SMTP servers?
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 09:16:35 -0700

At 08:37 PM 5/8/03 -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>
>>From: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>
>>
>>Does anybody have an idea of how many legitimate SMTP servers there are?
>>That is SMTP servers that are not used primarily for spam, have a static IP
>>address, and have been active in the last, say, 12 months.
>
>These might be a starting point:
>
>http://cr.yp.to/surveys.html
>http://www.isc.org/ds/
>

From the first link, I see that on 2001-10-03,
D. J. Bernstein estimates over 4 million 
 (estimate made from a sample of 1 million random IPs)
42% ran some flavor of sendmail,
17% ran Microsoft Exchange or IIS.
17% ran qmail
(there were others, see the original survey)

His methodology looks good, I trust these numbers were reasonably
accurate in 2001-10-03.  That was over 18 months ago,
a long time in internet years, but I think they probably haven't
changed all that much since then.

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>






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From: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for 
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 10:16:06 -0600

Someone mentioned writing some guidelines for responsible Challenge/Response 
systems. Any chance we could officially ask Earthlink to hold off deployment 
for a month so we can get something together to guide them?

Perhaps even a list of fatal flaws and suggested best practices would help.

These are my suggestions for a beginning list of problems:
1. Avoid infinite loops.
2. Allow all Opt-in mail.
3. take steps to prevent spammer evolution.
4. Provide proof that the challenge is legitimate.
5. Avoid simple reply style challenges that are easy to autorespond to.
6. Use generous auto whitelisting.
7. support all types of  identity proofs including new ones.
8. Don't just delete everything that doesn't respond correctly, perhaps 
reward correct challenges by placing them at the top of the inbox.

John Fenley

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To: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
cc: asrg@ietf.org, brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 11:31:39 EDT."
             <E19E9qV-0008NP-00@mail.nitros9.org> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 12:03:10 -0400

Mr. DeKok,

I know that our knowledge-bases for registry, and registrar
operational art differs, significantly.

I also know that conveying knowledge or belief of error of fact
or conclusion from me to you is not effective. For instance, a
registrar always seeks to be paid, and is always billed by a
registry, and current payment mechanisms are capable of trace.

Perhaps there is some other activity you could undertake that is
more important to this list than my small little query about the
role of provisioning systems for domain names and non-persistent
emitters, a subset of this problem domain.

Your inattention will be appreciated.

Eric
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what?
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 10:55:34 -0600 (MDT)

> http://www.icann.org/gnso/whois-tf/report-19feb03.htm
>
> There's an interesting minority report at the bottom.

Only those who are spammer fighters instead of spam fighters object
to nonsense in domain registration contact data.  People who prefer
reducing spam to "getting back at" or otherwise counting coup on
spammers don't care what tags spammers use in their whois data, except
that we prefer common threads for a given group of spammers to ease
recognizing familiar sources when maintaining our blacklists.  The
campaigns of spammer fighters against bogus whois data have caused us
grief and are a waste of time.  The most you can force spammers to do
is pick random names, addresses, and telephone numbers from telephone
directories that are undetectably bad for the lifetime of the domain
name instead of exercising their individual and distinctive creativity.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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cc: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>, "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>,
        brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 16:51:45 BST."
             <E19EA9x-0000sl-00@argon.connect.org.uk> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 13:01:55 -0400

> You're probably familiar with this document:
> 
> http://www.icann.org/gnso/whois-tf/report-19feb03.htm

Yes. I am. I've been aware of this work since its inception, and have
discussed it with Paul Kane, chair of the authoring body, at several
points during its genesis. I made no public comment on the report, it
has been the subject of discussion on the registrars constitutency list.

As I wrote earlier (<200305091109.h49B9RZj001043@nic-naa.net>)
> I don't consider whois:43 to be any part of the solution-space.

See Vernon's "badges? we don't need no stinking badges!" note on the
non-utility of whois data. The paraphrase is mine.

Eric
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisione rs, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 08:41:14 PDT."
             <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A301AE248A@vhqpostal6.verisign.com> 
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 13:35:15 -0400

"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> wrote:
> 	I know you mean well here but as a CA whose company also runs a
> registrar, please do not conflate these with good citizenship promises.

  I understand.

> 	I would suggest you separate the question into two, identity and a
> guarantor of conduct. It is very likely that you can make reasonable
> decisions on the existence of the identity alone but you cannot expect an
> identity provider to revoke an identity unless there are very very explicit
> grounds.

  I agree.  As was noted by others, some registrars have an
"opportunity" to upgrade their procedures, to verify registrants
identities, and to prevent bogus data from being recorded.

  As for revoking a domain registration, we have to be clear that the
domain registration is in many aspects independent of the use or abuse
of the network by the registrants of that domain.

> 	The problem we face here is that we are very big, so we have to
> behave in a certain way that is very legalistic and closer to how a
> government would act. This is because we are large enough that if we act in
> ways that appear arbitrary there can be the appearence of censorship and
> even the appearance of censorship is very bad.

  A system like RMX allows traceability of the domain to a registrant,
with fewer opportunities for repudiation.  Since in many cases, the
content of spam is illegal, or promotes illegal activities, there is a
strong legal case for re-examining the domain registration, due to
illegal activities by the registrants.

  It's already possible for a registrar to be served with a court
order, forcing it to remove a domain, so as to not participate in or
promote illegal activities.  My comments in no way changed those
possibilities, and did not propose adding any new methods for making
registrars liable for actions of the registrants.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200305091726.h49HQeNF018806@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for
References: <Law12-F26Ksl6cq5s6i0000b256@hotmail.com>
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 11:26:40 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>

> Someone mentioned writing some guidelines for responsible Challenge/Response 
> systems. Any chance we could officially ask Earthlink to hold off deployment 
> for a month so we can get something together to guide them?

Who is we, Kemo Sabe?  As I keep saying, the IETF is about increasing
the likelihood of interoperation, not policing the network.  What
consenting parties do with IP packets is their private business.
Earthlink and Earthlink's customers are consenting parties minding
their private business.

But set that asside and also the fact that this is an IRTF instead of
IETF group.  If you were in charge of Earthlink and so probably had
a few minions who are familiar with the way the IETF works and know
that BCPs and standards track RFCs require at least months and sometimes
years to to get past the final last call, what would you do?  If you
were an Earthlink stockholder, wouldn't you expect your board of
directories to fire CEO that delays offering something the market
wants because the IETF might someday say something about the best way
to implement it?

Don't you suppose that Earthlink had surely been testing their scheme
in fairly large scale trials for months before the public announcment?
Have you ever tried to tell people that what they've built and tested
for months must be delayed because some self-appointed experts like
us haven't commented on it?


> Perhaps even a list of fatal flaws and suggested best practices would help.
>
> These are my suggestions for a beginning list of problems:
> 1. Avoid infinite loops.

Let's assume until contrary evidence arrives that Earthlink's designers
and implementors are not complete idiots.

> 2. Allow all Opt-in mail.

That is an impossible goal.

> 3. take steps to prevent spammer evolution.

That sounds impossible.

> 4. Provide proof that the challenge is legitimate.

Why except as eyewash?   And what would it be?

> 5. Avoid simple reply style challenges that are easy to autorespond to.

That is a design trade-off.  If you do that, you also prevent some
legitimate responses.  Not all mail involves HTML.  If it's text,
it' at least practical to parse.

> 6. Use generous auto whitelisting.

That also involves design trade-offs that can argue to the contrary.

> 7. support all types of  identity proofs including new ones.

We don't want much, do we?

> 8. Don't just delete everything that doesn't respond correctly, perhaps 
> reward correct challenges by placing them at the top of the inbox.

Spam that you see is not really filtered.  Which of your time is wasted
on spam matters less than than the fact that your time is stolen.


I hope I've at least demonstrated that a challenge-response BCP is
not as simple as it sounds and that it would be unwise for Earthlink
to wait for an Internet ***RESEARCH*** Task Force to speak before
responding to the marketplace.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 12:03:10 EDT."
             <200305091603.h49G3AZj002053@nic-naa.net> 
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 13:45:24 -0400

Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net> wrote:
> I know that our knowledge-bases for registry, and registrar
> operational art differs, significantly.

  I agree.  I also know that our opinions as to the contents of
technical discussions differ.  You appeal to authority, without using
the evidence by which those authorities gained their reputation.  I
refer to facts and evidence, and base my opinions on those.

> I also know that conveying knowledge or belief of error of fact
> or conclusion from me to you is not effective. For instance, a
> registrar always seeks to be paid, and is always billed by a
> registry, and current payment mechanisms are capable of trace.

  I fail to see how this contradicts, or adds anything to, what I said
in the message you're responding to.

> Perhaps there is some other activity you could undertake that is
> more important to this list than my small little query about the
> role of provisioning systems for domain names and non-persistent
> emitters, a subset of this problem domain.

  I would suggest that you take your "holier than thou" attitude, fold
it until it's all corners, and ingest it an inappropriate manner.

> Your inattention will be appreciated.

  Too bad.  You'll have to suffer through my opinions, until such time
as either I unsubscribe from ASRG, or you choose to install blinders,
and filter any messages I send to the list out of your personal inbox.

  Alan DeKok.
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cc: asrg@ietf.org, brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 13:45:24 EDT."
             <E19EBvx-0008Rm-00@mail.nitros9.org> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 14:06:03 -0400

> Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net> wrote:
> > I know that our knowledge-bases for registry, and registrar
> > operational art differs, significantly.
> 
>   I agree.  I also know that our opinions as to the contents of
> technical discussions differ.  You appeal to authority, without using
> the evidence by which those authorities gained their reputation.  I
> refer to facts and evidence, and base my opinions on those.

Message-Id: <E19E9wg-0008Nn-00@mail.nitros9.org> contains what appears
to be an expression of belief in the utility of "WHOIS rules".

IN the past three years I've talked to ccTLD whois operators, RIR whois
operators, RRP whois operators, EPP whois operators, whois users in the
DMA, my former co-workers at SRI, authors of the series of documents that
end in 954, whois server implementors, whacking big chunks of the entire
ICANN and CDT policy crowds, and it sometimes seems even God herself.

I don't consider whois:43 to be any part of the solution-space. I'll add,
I don't consider CRISP, uwho, and other 954-incompatible :43 mechanisms
to be part of the solution-space. Solutions to, or causes of, some other
problems? Yes. Spam? No.

Maybe you are right. Maybe I am wrong.

> > I also know that conveying knowledge or belief of error of fact
> > or conclusion from me to you is not effective. For instance, a
> > registrar always seeks to be paid, and is always billed by a
> > registry, and current payment mechanisms are capable of trace.
> 
>   I fail to see how this contradicts, or adds anything to, what I said
> in the message you're responding to.

Message-Id: <E19E9qV-0008NP-00@mail.nitros9.org> contains the theory
that registrars can be motivated by second-order effects (from the point
of view of a registrar), viz:

	"... registrars to be made accountable to the rest of the
	 network, for permitting spammers to operate."

This appears to overlook the possibility that registrars are motivated
by first-order effects (again, from the point of view of a registrar),
to wit -- non-payment by spammers, non-voidable charges by registries,
and charge-back policies by credit card operators.

Is that clearer? Do you see now that not knowing something impairs your
ability to reason about registrars? I wasn't born knowing what little I
know about registrars, and I'm still making what in hindsight are basic
operational errors (fortunately, so are my peers).

> > Perhaps there is some other activity you could undertake that is
> > more important to this list than my small little query about the
> > role of provisioning systems for domain names and non-persistent
> > emitters, a subset of this problem domain.
> 
>   I would suggest that you take your "holier than thou" attitude, fold
> it until it's all corners, and ingest it an inappropriate manner.

OK.

> > Your inattention will be appreciated.
> 
>   Too bad.  You'll have to suffer through my opinions, until such time
> as either I unsubscribe from ASRG, or you choose to install blinders,
> and filter any messages I send to the list out of your personal inbox.

The possibility exists that you'll write something useful and intelligent
on how RADIUS can, or cannot, be applied to this problem domain. You may
have other qualities I'm simply unaware of, which are relevent to this
list.

Eric
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From: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>
To: vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 12:15:34 -0600

>From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
> > From: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>
>
> > Someone mentioned writing some guidelines for responsible 
>Challenge/Response
> > systems. Any chance we could officially ask Earthlink to hold off 
>deployment
> > for a month so we can get something together to guide them?
>
>Who is we, Kemo Sabe?  As I keep saying, the IETF is about increasing
>the likelihood of interoperation, not policing the network.  What
>consenting parties do with IP packets is their private business.
>Earthlink and Earthlink's customers are consenting parties minding
>their private business.
>
>But set that asside and also the fact that this is an IRTF instead of
>IETF group.  If you were in charge of Earthlink and so probably had
>a few minions who are familiar with the way the IETF works and know
>that BCPs and standards track RFCs require at least months and sometimes
>years to to get past the final last call, what would you do?  If you
>were an Earthlink stockholder, wouldn't you expect your board of
>directories to fire CEO that delays offering something the market
>wants because the IETF might someday say something about the best way
>to implement it?
>
>Don't you suppose that Earthlink had surely been testing their scheme
>in fairly large scale trials for months before the public announcment?
>Have you ever tried to tell people that what they've built and tested
>for months must be delayed because some self-appointed experts like
>us haven't commented on it?

Ok, good point, but I was mostly thinking about copycats. Who knows how many 
other ISP's will copy what they do, but not put as much thought into it.

A list created by the ASRG to help all prospective copycats from making the 
simple mistakes could save a lot of pain for everyone.

I see Challenge/Response as the final threshhold of Spam Blocking. If it is 
done wrong on a large scale, it could sour the idea for everyone. Then when 
a truly good way to impliment it comes, everyone will dismiss it as having 
the same old problems.


>
>
> > Perhaps even a list of fatal flaws and suggested best practices would 
>help.
> >
> > These are my suggestions for a beginning list of problems:
> > 1. Avoid infinite loops.
>
>Let's assume until contrary evidence arrives that Earthlink's designers
>and implementors are not complete idiots.

Some groups of people are complete idiots. The people at Earthlink may have 
a very good plan, but i havn't seen it, and I prefer not waiting for a 
catastrophy.

> > 2. Allow all Opt-in mail.
>
>That is an impossible goal.

Not realy, just requires infrastructure that isn't available yet.
I think Choicelist could handle this problem. I created that system 
specifically to solve this problem with C/R.

>
> > 3. take steps to prevent spammer evolution.
>
>That sounds impossible.

You just need to provide an incentive to behave in a certain way.
Let people bypass the filters by using ADV, then all the ADV mail is easy 
for a user to deal with.
Personaly it isn't the volume so much as the effort required to deal with 
it.
If I could delete all the ADV mail with one click, I realy wouldn't care how 
many I got. 1000 is just as easy as 1, and the spammer has gotten through 
the filters without needing to innovate.

They get lazy, we just delete their junk. simple.

> > 4. Provide proof that the challenge is legitimate.
>
>Why except as eyewash?   And what would it be?

Spammers have already started spoofing challenges to try to get through. I 
didn't expect this, but it needs to be addressed immediately.

I don't know what form it would take yet.

> > 5. Avoid simple reply style challenges that are easy to autorespond to.
>
>That is a design trade-off.  If you do that, you also prevent some
>legitimate responses.  Not all mail involves HTML.  If it's text,
>it' at least practical to parse.

I meant require a turing test of some sort. Earthlink already has that, but 
copycats my not realize that this is important.

> > 6. Use generous auto whitelisting.
>
>That also involves design trade-offs that can argue to the contrary.

Then argue them if you feel inclined, but don't make me guess what they are.

> > 7. support all types of  identity proofs including new ones.
>
>We don't want much, do we?

I feel it is important that any fledgling system at least have the ability 
to adapt to later standards.
if your gonna change the whole thing anyway, you might as well at least 
aknowledge that spoofing will be a problem and leave an avenue to deal with 
it. so i'll change that last one to:

7. Leave room for authentication mechanisms.

> > 8. Don't just delete everything that doesn't respond correctly, perhaps
> > reward correct challenges by placing them at the top of the inbox.
>
>Spam that you see is not really filtered.  Which of your time is wasted
>on spam matters less than than the fact that your time is stolen.

This was from a suggestion by someone else, it helps limit false positives.
Use the C/R as a helper, not a blocker. I thought that was a great idea.

>I hope I've at least demonstrated that a challenge-response BCP is
>not as simple as it sounds and that it would be unwise for Earthlink
>to wait for an Internet ***RESEARCH*** Task Force to speak before
>responding to the marketplace.

I guess your right, but that doesn't mean we shouldn't make the list to 
guide others. there will be stupid copycats. Earthlink is just going to be 
testing now anyway, they are in beta, they would probably like a little free 
help seeing problems.

John Fenley

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 14:06:03 EDT."
             <200305091806.h49I63Zj002564@nic-naa.net> 
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 14:50:22 -0400

Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net> wrote:
> I don't consider whois:43 to be any part of the solution-space. I'll add,
> I don't consider CRISP, uwho, and other 954-incompatible :43 mechanisms
> to be part of the solution-space. Solutions to, or causes of, some other
> problems? Yes. Spam? No.

  I never said that I believed them to be part of the solution space.
I insinuated that we may *choose* to make them part of the solution
space.  If there are good reasons for not making that choice, I am
prepared to accept those reasons, and to accept that whois:43 is not
part of the solution space.

  Before posting my comments on ASRG, I had seen few reasons given on
the list as to why whois:43 could not be part of the solution space.
Please understand that I'm not an expert in all possible domains which
intersect the spam problem, and that I've never claimed to be an
all-knowing expert.

  However, please also understand that any post to the list which
rules out a particular solution MUST ALWAYS be backed up with
evidence.  Simply saying "I'm an expert, you're wrong" is a system
solely designed to waste everyone's time.

> Message-Id: <E19E9qV-0008NP-00@mail.nitros9.org> contains the theory
> that registrars can be motivated by second-order effects (from the point
> of view of a registrar), viz:
> 
> 	"... registrars to be made accountable to the rest of the
> 	 network, for permitting spammers to operate."

  Which is a very careful misquote:

https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg04540.html

  "Forcing spammers to register new domains in order to spam means
   that the registrars are a central point of control on spammers
   activities.  This allows registrars to be made accountable ... "
                     ^^^^^^

  Forgive me for not adding an explicit "if we so choose" to the end
of that statement.  The key word, which you carefully quoted around is
"allows".  I did NOT say "requires", or "demands", as you appear to
have taken it to say.

  I'm sorry that you are interested in deliberately misconstruing what
I say, and are deliberately putting the most negative possible
interpretation on my statements.

> This appears to overlook the possibility that registrars are motivated
> by first-order effects (again, from the point of view of a registrar),
> to wit -- non-payment by spammers, non-voidable charges by registries,
> and charge-back policies by credit card operators.

  Ah.  So when I fail to mention all possible motivations, and all
possible effects of spammer-registrar interaction, I'm "overlooking"
things.

  No thanks.  My statements are meant to be interpreted exactly as
they are written.  No more, no less.

> Is that clearer? Do you see now that not knowing something impairs your
> ability to reason about registrars?

  That much is obvious, and I agree.

  What I'm disappointed in is your negative spin of my statements.
Deliberately misquoting, misconstruing, and misinterpreting what other
people say is a recipe for disaster.

> The possibility exists that you'll write something useful and intelligent
> on how RADIUS can, or cannot, be applied to this problem domain. You may
> have other qualities I'm simply unaware of, which are relevent to this
> list.

  As for RADIUS, you can be guaranteed that if you, or anyone else
posts dumb ideas about RADIUS to the lists I'm on, that my responses
will be based on references to RFC's, explanations, and other reality
based evidence.  The only time I fall back to appealing to authority
is when people refuse to be educated about a topic, and my response is
"I control the software.  I will do what I believe to be right."

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 13:05:37 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>

> ...
> Ok, good point, but I was mostly thinking about copycats. Who knows how many 
> other ISP's will copy what they do, but not put as much thought into it.
>
> A list created by the ASRG to help all prospective copycats from making the 
> simple mistakes could save a lot of pain for everyone.

I agree that a BCP for challenge-response spam defenses is a good idea,
for future implementors.

> I see Challenge/Response as the final threshhold of Spam Blocking. If it is 
> done wrong on a large scale, it could sour the idea for everyone. Then when 
> a truly good way to impliment it comes, everyone will dismiss it as having 
> the same old problems.
> ...

I don't understand how anyone might hope that Challenge/Response won't
be done wrong on a large scale even with completely clear standards
track RFC.  Perhaps my point of view is colored by old scars inflicted
by large outfits.


I've not responded to you counters to my counters to your points about
Challenge/Response systems, because unless you're working on an ID,
I fear it would be a waste of effort.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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We have built a very good challenge response system (and I'll save the
marketing plug).  It works real well...except that I find that the concept
doesn't particularly work real well.  By this, I mean, many people simply
don't respond to the challenge verification...I'm not sure this will
change..doesn't matter if it does.  Therefore it's an option that users can
disable.

However, what is of value is that we use the C/R as a probe to see if an
actual email address really exists.  When a spammer spoofs an aol or yahoo
address..and use a bogus sender..we get an immediate unknown-user reject..as
opposed to other systems that ingest the message and then bounce later
(bounce messages are of a type variety).  We actually drop a non-trivial
percentage of spam just by probing the sender's email address.

> I see Challenge/Response as the final threshhold of Spam
> Blocking. If it is
> done wrong on a large scale, it could sour the idea for everyone.
> Then when
> a truly good way to impliment it comes, everyone will dismiss it
> as having
> the same old problems.


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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 13:36:09 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>

> However, what is of value is that we use the C/R as a probe to see if an
> actual email address really exists.  When a spammer spoofs an aol or yahoo
> address..and use a bogus sender..we get an immediate unknown-user reject..as
> opposed to other systems that ingest the message and then bounce later
> (bounce messages are of a type variety).  We actually drop a non-trivial
> percentage of spam just by probing the sender's email address.

By this measure, how many of the addreses at free providers are invalid
when you test them?

Depending on how you treat failures to respond to C/R probes, you should
also be able to guage how quickly drop boxes are terminated.

Have you sampled the system to see how many of the messages dropped
are spam instead of legitimate mail with "munged" or otherwise bogus
sender addresses?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Fwd: Re: Fwd: [Asrg] How many legitimate SMTP servers?
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 16:14:58 -0400


>From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
>
>At 08:37 PM 5/8/03 -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> >
> >>From: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>
> >>
> >>Does anybody have an idea of how many legitimate SMTP servers there are?
> >>That is SMTP servers that are not used primarily for spam, have a static IP
> >>address, and have been active in the last, say, 12 months.
> >
> >These might be a starting point:
> >
> >http://cr.yp.to/surveys.html
> >http://www.isc.org/ds/
> >
>
> >From the first link, I see that on 2001-10-03,
>D. J. Bernstein estimates over 4 million
>  (estimate made from a sample of 1 million random IPs)
>42% ran some flavor of sendmail,
>17% ran Microsoft Exchange or IIS.
>17% ran qmail
>(there were others, see the original survey)
>
>His methodology looks good, I trust these numbers were reasonably
>accurate in 2001-10-03.  That was over 18 months ago,
>a long time in internet years, but I think they probably haven't
>changed all that much since then.

Does that means that for every IP address there are four SMTP servers? I 
suggest we contact him and perhaps he can give us some more information and 
maybe the raw data

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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To: "Vernon Schryver" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for
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> > However, what is of value is that we use the C/R as a probe to see if an
> > actual email address really exists.  When a spammer spoofs an
> aol or yahoo
> > address..and use a bogus sender..we get an immediate
> unknown-user reject..as
> > opposed to other systems that ingest the message and then bounce later
> > (bounce messages are of a type variety).  We actually drop a non-trivial
> > percentage of spam just by probing the sender's email address.
>
> By this measure, how many of the addreses at free providers are invalid
> when you test them?

I haven't looked at the percentage of valid email from free providers vs the
amount of email dropped as a result of the probe C/R...however, I have
looked at the percentage of spam that is dropped automatically (via the C/R
probe) vs that which is dropped manually by the user.  We drop approximately
half of the spam via the probes...however, it's somewhat trivial for
spammers to double their efforts.  We also see about 95% of senders are
validated by the users rather than via sender self-verification.

A couple of other interesting, yet intuitive, things we see is that
blacklisting spammers are all but useless.  Spammers most always use a
unique sender address to track successful delivery.  The only real people on
my personal blacklist are from legitimate solicitors that somehow think I
opted in for something.  For the most part, dropping the single spam and
blacklisting the spammer produce the same results.

I hesitate to say that we need to be careful not to get into a
anti-bacterial soap type of circumstance whereby we direct spammers to start
spoofing valid freemail accounts.  As with ant-bacterial soaps...only the
mutant strands of bacterial that are impervious to the chemicals survive and
spawn.  If we don't come forward with a bullet-proof method of ending
spam..then we probably shouldn't do anything at all.  If spammers start
spoofing valid sources, then our problems have puppies...until we wind up
with PKI everywhere.

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Subject: [Asrg] Law article - Legally Defining "Unauthorized" Computer Access
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Even though we are not chartered to look into the legal aspects of spam, 
the legal issues are still relevant since they affect the technical ones. 
Therefore I wanted mention the following SlashDot story:

http://yro.slashdot.org/yro/03/05/09/1647209.shtml?tid=99&tid=123

which references the following article written by a George Washington 
University Law School professor:

http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=399740

---[snip]---

"Cybercrime's Scope: Interpreting "Access" and "Authorization" in Computer 
Misuse Statutes"

Abstract:

In the last twenty-five years, the federal government and all fifty states 
have enacted new criminal laws that prohibit unauthorized access to 
computers. These new laws attempt to draw a line between criminality and 
free conduct in cyberspace. No one knows what it means to "access" a 
computer, however, nor when access becomes "unauthorized." The few courts 
that have construed these terms have offered divergent interpretations, and 
no scholars have yet addressed the problem. Recent decisions interpreting 
the federal statute in civil cases suggest that any breach of contract with 
a computer owner renders use of that computer an unauthorized access. If 
applied to criminal cases, this approach would broadly criminalize contract 
law on the Internet, potentially making millions of Americans criminals for 
the way they write e-mail and surf the Web.

This Article presents a comprehensive inquiry into the meaning of 
unauthorized access statutes. It begins by explaining why legislatures 
enacted unauthorized access statutes, and why early beliefs that such 
statutes solved the problem of computer misuse have proved remarkably 
naïve. Next, the Article explains how the courts have construed these 
statutes in an overly broad way that threatens to criminalize a surprising 
range of innocuous conduct involving computers. In the final section, the 
Article offers a normative proposal for interpreting "access" and 
"authorization." This section argues that courts should reject a contract 
theory of authorization, and should narrow the scope of unauthorized access 
statutes to circumvention of code-based restrictions on computer 
privileges. The section justifies this proposal on several grounds. First, 
the proposal will best mediate the line between securing privacy and 
protecting the liberty of Internet users. Second, the proposal mirrors 
criminal law's traditional treatment of crimes that contain a consent 
element. Third, the proposed approach is consistent with the basic theories 
of punishment. Fourth, the proposed interpretation avoids possible 
constitutional difficulties that may arise under the broader constructions 
that courts recently have favored.

---[snip]---

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From: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>
To: vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 14:43:13 -0600

>From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
> > From: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>
> > ...
> > Ok, good point, but I was mostly thinking about copycats. Who knows how 
>many
> > other ISP's will copy what they do, but not put as much thought into it.
> >
> > A list created by the ASRG to help all prospective copycats from making 
>the
> > simple mistakes could save a lot of pain for everyone.
>
>I agree that a BCP for challenge-response spam defenses is a good idea,
>for future implementors.

Then we agree here. It can be a base to build on.

>I've not responded to you counters to my counters to your points about
>Challenge/Response systems, because unless you're working on an ID,
>I fear it would be a waste of effort.

So if we were agreed, how is communicating your ideas a waste of effort?
So you decided not to respond. come up with some suggestions of your own 
then.
Perhaps you don't like having to defend your ideas at every turn. I welcome 
it.
It makes those Ideas stronger.

John Fenley

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 15:22:10 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>

> ...
> > By this measure, how many of the addreses at free providers are invalid
> > when you test them?
>
> I haven't looked at the percentage of valid email from free providers vs the
> amount of email dropped as a result of the probe C/R.

That's not what I meant.  I've long claimed that most of the addresses
used as envelope Mail_From values in spam are not "forged," but the
legitimate property of spammers.  My claim would be supported if a
substantial number of the probes you send to Hotmail are not rejected
as invalid addresses.

>                                                     ...however, I have
> looked at the percentage of spam that is dropped automatically (via the C/R
> probe) vs that which is dropped manually by the user.  We drop approximately
> half of the spam via the probes

That's interesting, but it seems to concern the effectiveness of C/R
as a spam filter.  What do you mean by "dropped manually by the user"?
How can the target of mail drop spam before the C/R probing is complete?

>                                ...however, it's somewhat trivial for
> spammers to double their efforts.  

What efforts by spammers might affect the effectiveness of your C/R system

>                                    We also see about 95% of senders are
> validated by the users rather than via sender self-verification.

Does that mean that your users white-list mail senders before the C/R
system gets a chance to try?  Or perhaps after the C/R system has
tried and failed?  Are you saying that that the C/R system in some
sense fails 95% of the time?  That's much worse than even I would
guess, and I think C/R systems are hopeless.

> ...
> I hesitate to say that we need to be careful not to get into a
> anti-bacterial soap type of circumstance whereby we direct spammers to start
> spoofing valid freemail accounts.  As with ant-bacterial soaps...only the
> mutant strands of bacterial that are impervious to the chemicals survive and
> spawn.  If we don't come forward with a bullet-proof method of ending
> spam..then we probably shouldn't do anything at all.  If spammers start
> spoofing valid sources, then our problems have puppies...until we wind up
> with PKI everywhere.

That horse has left barn a long time ago.  From my observations, spam
is less likely to involve spoofing valid sources today that it was
half a dozen years ago before the Flowers.com case and the many laws
against header forgery.  The frequence of spoofed valid sources remains
signifcant, but ebs and flows as spammers come and go, the moon waxes
and wanes, and no one can know what else.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 14:50:22 EDT."
             <E19ECwo-0008TX-00@mail.nitros9.org> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 17:32:03 -0400

This detour into the inerrancy is a bore.


The question I posed concerned provisioning. Publication is a possible,
but not inevitable consequence of shared registry system provisioning,
whether publication is via 1034/35 or 954 or bulk transfer or ...

I anticipated there would be some Baldrick-responses ("I have a clever
plan") or other non-implementor/non-operator utterences about some bits
of the existing registry systems. Responses that failed to respond to a
technical query -- if all (or most, or some) of the parties involved in
provisioning had a different RRP-or-EPP (possibly a "better" RRP-orEPP),
and had consequently had the ability to collectively "know" about some
spam emitter contemporanious with its discovery (by means tbd), what then?

The point of your note, whether I've very carefully misquoted you or not,
is that you are about 30 days late. Some node has changed state, and is
as of T0 a source, making some references to namespaces. At some time, T1,
it ceases to be a source. The transactions that created the namespaces it
accessed (registry provisioning) took place at some point prior to T0, and
depending on the risk-adversity of the registrar to charge-back costs, as
much as 30 to 45 days prior, or the registrar is out $6+overhead on the
transaction regardless of whether or not anyone gets spammed.

Overlooking the minor problem of time, you claimed that Barry knows, after
operating world since, jeeze how long's it been Barry?, no more than you
do with your few doamin names, and what I know as the (former) chief
propeller-head for .biz, .us (post-IANA), and (currently) IANA RegID 439,
is just idle authority-figure prop-wash. Kwel.

>   As for RADIUS, you can be guaranteed that if you, or anyone else
>   posts dumb ideas about RADIUS to the lists I'm on, that my responses
>   will be based on references to RFC's, explanations, and other reality
>   based evidence.  The only time I fall back to appealing to authority
>   is when people refuse to be educated about a topic, and my response is
>   "I control the software.  I will do what I believe to be right."

Now that's inspiring.

Eric
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 15:58:18 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>

> ...
> >I've not responded to you counters to my counters to your points about
> >Challenge/Response systems, because unless you're working on an ID,
> >I fear it would be a waste of effort.
>
> So if we were agreed, how is communicating your ideas a waste of effort?

It is a waste to repeat things too frequently, particularly if you
don't have a stake in any resulting consensus.  I think Challenge/Response
systems are hopeless for the reasons repeatedly advanced by others.
C/R schemes are like RMX (with the new RR) in the sense that neither
will be widely used (RMX even worse).  Unlike RMX, C/R systems don't
have much potential for noise and distraction in the IRTF/ITF, because
they don't require any action by the IETF.  The worst effect of errors
in a C/R BCP would failing to discourage bad C/R systems, which is
uninteresting because the C/R notion is hopeless and not a big problem
even if I'm wrong about that.  Bad implementations of good ideas don't
survive unless they're pushed by very big outfits that also don't read
BCPs and RFCs.


> So you decided not to respond. come up with some suggestions of your own 
> then.
> Perhaps you don't like having to defend your ideas at every turn. I welcome 
> it.
> It makes those Ideas stronger.

I'd take offense at that if I didn't suspect you've confused me
with someone else.  It's not as if I've been shy about defending
ideas I care about.

Back to the main point, are you working on a C/R BCP document?  I'd be
honor bound to read a draft ID and comment as constructively as I can.
In short, talk about what a third party should write in an ID is cheap.
I try not to do too much of it.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 18:00:03 -0400


>From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
>
>technical capability:
>
> > ... an actual human being ... or it maybe an automatic software
> > system like <example>.
>
>trace:
> > ... parse the headers and the message ...
>
>shut down:
> > ... ISP shut down their site or email address ...
>
>How can this be useful for the mode Barry described:
>
> > One of the major sources of spam right now seems to be zombie robot
> > hosts, hosts who have had a virus injected into them which turns them
> > into unwitting spam slaves*.
> >
> > So the spam is being delivered by 123-456-789-123-dsl-pool.telco.com
> > and guess what it seems to be from 
> xxxdvd@123-456-789-123-dsl-pool.telco.com
> > who assures you that anything from (don't make me type it again)
> > is indeed from (I'm just not going to type it again.)
> >
> > Now what do you know?
>
>I'm still where Berry left off. I don't see anything in humans, or pseudo
>humans, headers and eventual administrative DoS that solves for "virally
>acquired spam slave servers".

Lets analyze where spam comes from. From experience I have seen the 
following sources:
1. Legitimate companies and real domains.
2. Companies that do not know any better and just use some mass mail 
software and a CD of thousands of addresses. This appears as something 
coming from
3. Professional spammers using ISPs that don't care
4. Professional spammers using open relays.
5. Professional spammers using private domains.
6. Professional spammers using slave servers.

Cases 1, 2, 3 and 4 all of these can be traced and dealt with. But that 
doesn't matter much from today and whether spoofing is present in the 
system or not, it will not make a difference. At some point the originating 
IP address will appear in the "Received:" headers and thats it. As for 
cases 5 and 6 spoofing is meaningless since tracing the originator will not 
make a difference anyway since in case #5 the whois information is false 
anyway and in case #6 as you said, there is nothing that can be done post 
facto. Perhaps, fixing spoofing can help us take care of the first four 
cases since automated tools can easier determine the origins of the spam. 
For spammers using private domains or slave servers, it will not help.

Based on this,  I will have to agree with you that spoofing or solving 
spoofing will not solve the spam problem. It seems that we have to look at 
the spam problem as a subset of a larger problem of how to prevent a 
network user from abusing the network resources, in this cases being the 
bandwidth. The underlying reason why spam is being sent is because it is 
very easy and cheap for any network user to utilize the network resources. 
Thus the solution is to make it expensive or restrict the user, but this is 
plagued with problems.

Additionally the question of slave servers poses a tremendous problem not 
just in regard to this issue, but in regard to all anti-spam solutions. In 
theory if a computer has been taken over, what prevents the trojan/virus 
from doing the following:
1. Emailing other users on the Internet directly.
2. Monitoring local SMTP traffic and finding out what SMTP server is used 
by the user. Then using that SMTP server for sending spam. RMX/rDNS will 
not help here since the email will come from a permitted IP range. SSL/TLS 
will not help since the trojan can capture the password used.
3. Perfoming tracert from the infected computer to some other site and 
trying to figure out the MTA for that domain for each domain listed in the 
trace route, possibly even via RMX/rDNS or some other proposal, and then 
using that MTA for spam.
4. Sending spam via [insert your method].

The only thing that will help in these instances is either putting a 
sending limit on the user, or using some kind of a secure operating system 
which (in theory) makes it impossible to monitor local SMTP traffic. No 
trojans to my knowledge have ever done this, but then again there has not 
been an incentive. They will adapt just like we will, and the spam problem 
might never go away.


>[2] http://www.unc.edu/depts/jomc/academics/dri/idog.html

Thanks for the link!


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
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  provisioners, so what?
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 18:07:52 -0400


>From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
>
> > From: David Walker <antispam@grax.com>
>
> > ...
> > I can't imagine a scenario where a registry provider would be concerned 
> about
> > spam as a part of providing registry services.  A registry doesn't gain or
> > lose because a registered domain is used for spam and they don't have any
> > dutues in overseeing how a domain is used.
>
>Some registrars have asserted that they will cancel registrations of
>domains for spamming.  Some have even followed through.  For example,
>Domains by Proxy has been zapping spammers using its anonymizing
>registration service.  The operators of .BZ have recently shocked the
>world by terminating a spammer on the pretex of a bad contact address.
>There are others who get less attention because they are not popular
>among spammers.

I remember reading on ICANN's website that registrars can cancel a domain 
name registration if it has false WHOIS info. This doesn't apply to ccTLDs, 
onlg to gTLDs since gTLDs operators have signed contractors with ICANN that 
have thise provisions.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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  provisioners, so what? 
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 18:19:49 -0400


>From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
>
>[...] A registry that re-launches with a thousand-dollar
>price point (100/year, refundable for insert-circumstances), is unlikely to
>be a haven for spam, assuming they actually collect before provisioning is
>converted to publication. [...]

That means that in theory if the registration price for a domain is high 
enough and the number of spam messages sent through the domain is low 
enough, that will cut down on the overall spam problem. Additionally, if 
the registrars actually verify the WHOIS data before activating the domain 
that might help somewhat. On the other hand, fake corporate fronts, lawyers 
and all kinds of "real world" spoofing techniques will come into play. But 
they do not concern us here.

Some mentioned earlier that it would be impossible to require registrars to 
verify international contact information. The least they can do is send a 
physical letter with some random token, a fax with the same, a email with a 
token and a real life phone call. These four steps can verify physical 
address, physical phone #, physical fax # and email address. Unless the 
registrant lives in some place where the mail or phone systems don't work, 
this will do fine (its unlikely, if they have Internet, they have those 
other things too). However, like I mentioned in an earlier reply, the 
overall problem is that of network users using network resources.


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 18:55:31 -0400


>From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
>
> > It's worthwhile to remember that the current majority of spam is not
> > the only kind. ...
>
>Thanks. I've been fixating on the low-cost transients. For the cost-capable
>models (persistent), the "reputable businesses with endpoint identifiers,
>aka personal indentifiers" problem, different treatment.
>
>The P3P Specification Working Group has a "P3P beyond HTTP" task force,
>which cheritably might include disclosure ((via the <access> element), via
>protocols other than HTTP, SOAP, etc., e.g., including SMTP) of how the
>recipient's address was acquired or may be unacquired or corrected, and so
>on. It also has a "Compact policies" task force for which an xml-2-ebnf
>transform is possible. An xml-2-XYZ (aka "developer-readable language")
>wire encoding optimization already exists for HTTP cookies.

Should we be developing proposals in this area as well? Part of our charter 
is developing consent-based communication?

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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Willfull and intentional misunderstandings 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 18:00:03 EDT."
             <5.2.0.9.2.20030509172837.00baee88@std5.imagineis.com> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 18:45:58 -0400

Yakov,

Escuse my brevity.

> >I'm still where Berry left off. I don't see anything in humans, or pseudo
> >humans, headers and eventual administrative DoS that solves for "virally
> >acquired spam slave servers".
> 
> Lets analyze where spam comes from. From experience I have seen the 
> following sources:

There is a taxonomy, most of which I've characterized as "slow", and then
there is

... spammers using slave servers.


> Based on this,  I will have to agree with you that spoofing or solving 
> spoofing will not solve the spam problem. It seems that we have to look at 
> the spam problem as a subset of a larger problem of how to prevent a 
> network user from abusing the network resources, in this cases being the 
> bandwidth.

Hold that thought. It's not unqualified bandwidth. Not only is it SMTP,
but it has some immediacy property that is distinct from say, 3rd-party
persistent cookies and their replay times to namespaces dynamically
managed by technically capable advertizing networks, and it must possess
some additional properties.

> very easy and cheap for any network user to utilize the network resources. 
> Thus the solution is to make it expensive or restrict the user ...

Hold that thought too. There is no user. His or her wintel box on a cdn
or dsl circuit is _yours_. You simply need to match your acquisition and
loss budgets, while working your delivery problem.

> The only thing that will help in these instances is either putting a 
> sending limit on the user, or using some kind of a secure operating system 
> which (in theory) makes it impossible to monitor local SMTP traffic. No 

Hold that thought too. Is a node that transits from "nothingness" to "being"
indetectible? 

> >[2] http://www.unc.edu/depts/jomc/academics/dri/idog.html
> 
> Thanks for the link!

You're welcome.

Eric
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a
	Challenge-Response System for
From: Fred Bacon <bacon@aerodyne.com>
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Date: 09 May 2003 19:03:30 -0400


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On Fri, 2003-05-09 at 17:58, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> I think Challenge/Response
> systems are hopeless for the reasons repeatedly advanced by others.
> C/R schemes are like RMX (with the new RR) in the sense that neither
> will be widely used (RMX even worse). =20

I've been silently watching the RMX argument unfold for some days now.=20
You have implied that it would not be widely adopted by users even if it
was approved as a standard.  I find this difficult to believe.  Part of
the problem is that the RMX scheme needs to be pushed in a different
way.  Arguing that use of an RMX record will lessen spam traffic is
really the wrong strategy for its adoption.  Instead, it should be
emphasized that RMX helps prevent identity theft by protecting your
domain name from abuse by a third party.

Executives regard their internet domain names as corporate assets.  RMX
provides them with a means to protect the integrity of that assest from
malicious use.  By advocating this aspect of RMX, system administrators
will almost certainly rush to adopt it once it is supported by DNS and
mail servers.  In fact, they would almost certainly pressure software
vendors to support it as rapidly as possible.

I'm not particularly sanguine about the ability of RMX to reduce spam in
the long run, but that is not its true benefit.  Mail abuse is more than
just the torrent of unwanted mail in which we are all drowning.  It is
also the abuse of our company and private assets by outsiders.  RMX
seems like a viable method for protecting those assets at very small
cost.

Just my .02 worth.

--=20
Fred Bacon <bacon@aerodyne.com>
Aerodyne Research, Inc.

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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
cc: Asrg@ietf.org, brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: Fwd: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 18:19:49 EDT."
             <5.2.0.9.2.20030509180936.00b59908@std5.imagineis.com> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 18:52:40 -0400

> Some mentioned earlier that it would be impossible to require registrars to 
> verify international contact information. The least they can do is send a 
> physical letter with some random token, a fax with the same, a email with a 
> token and a real life phone call. These four steps can verify physical 
> address, physical phone #, physical fax # and email address. Unless the 
> registrant lives in some place where the mail or phone systems don't work, 
> this will do fine (its unlikely, if they have Internet, they have those 
> other things too). However, like I mentioned in an earlier reply, the 
> overall problem is that of network users using network resources.

You have $3. Use it wisely. Your shareholders want positive, not negative,
pennies on each transaction. 

There is a reason why we (registrar hat on) just rejected this proposal
in some other venue. No one could afford the staff to lick the stamps,
assuming that one could afford the stamps.

Postal bounce is real, and you are one billing cycle, and one postal
keep-alive cycle, behind the event. On the order of 30 to 60 days.

Eric
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners,
 so what?
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Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine wrote:

> To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
> Subject: Re: Fwd: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain 
> registry provisioners, so what?
> Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 18:52:40 -0400
> From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
> 
>> Some mentioned earlier that it would be impossible to require registrars to
>> verify international contact information. The least they can do is send a
>> physical letter with some random token, a fax with the same, a email with a
>> token and a real life phone call. These four steps can verify physical
>> address, physical phone #, physical fax # and email address. Unless the
>> registrant lives in some place where the mail or phone systems don't work,
>> this will do fine (its unlikely, if they have Internet, they have those
>> other things too). However, like I mentioned in an earlier reply, the
>> overall problem is that of network users using network resources.
> 
> You have $3. Use it wisely. Your shareholders want positive, not negative,
> pennies on each transaction.
> 
> There is a reason why we (registrar hat on) just rejected this proposal
> in some other venue. No one could afford the staff to lick the stamps,
> assuming that one could afford the stamps.
Point taken, that is valid reason.
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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
cc: Asrg@ietf.org, brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
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             <5.2.0.9.2.20030509185419.00b583b8@std5.imagineis.com> 
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 19:10:25 -0400

> Should we be developing proposals in this area as well? Part of our charter 
> is developing consent-based communication?

Personally, I don't care about charters. It wasn't in the P3P Spec WG to
put metadata on cookies. Dan Jaye wanted to distinguish between DoubleClick
and Engage, based upon the distinction between deterministic and statistical
"knowledge" about browser users. I took up his draft, fixed some bits, broke
others, implemented it (trusted cookies) in Mozilla, and went back to the
HTTP WG, to Fred and Keith, then the Apps area ADs, Microsoft (which had a
very scary cookie manager in IE5.5 beta), and the P3P WG. The HTTP WG closed,
Fred and Keith declared all 3rd party persistent cookies equally odious (so
long 3rd-party AAA models), but Microsoft and the P3P Spec WG reached some
different conclusions, which in November '00 became P3P compact polices.

So, for models where consent isn't funny, is it technically possible to add
data collection policy metadata to UCE? I think so. I've put them on cookies,
and they are in EPP, so I'm familiar with some of the syntax possibilities,
and some of the semantic possibilities.

Eric
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Subject: Re:  [Asrg] Call to Arms: Securing E-Mail, Controlling Spam,
  Empowering Users (fwd)
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It's the same old same old

    IF we knew the from addr was reliably matched to the MTA doing delivery
    THEN spam would (cease to exist, be reduced considerably, etc.)

NOT PROVEN.

As I've said several times before here, people are jumping on the
bandstand because they really want to be the ones who solve the spam
problem.

The grandstanding is breathtaking.

Unfortunately, they only reveal they don't know much more about spam
than a little SMTP, DNS, and they've seen some spam in their inbox and
went off and did some gedanken experiments based on this simplistic
information.

It's like someone trying to solve money laundering because they've had
some money and managed some bank accounts and did their taxes a few
times.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

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On May 8, 2003 at 19:29 ca+asrg@esmtp.org (Claus Assmann) wrote:
 > On Thu, May 08, 2003, Barry Shein wrote:
 > > 
 > > Why not just give each person a different mail address (presumably
 > > aliased to your one true address) and use the mbox:sender pair as the
 > > "consent token". Trivially revoked, just alias it to /dev/null.
 > 
 > Because that causes exponential explosion of addresses.

Well, "exponential explosion" is meant to be a scary phrase, right?

I don't think it's exponential by any means, besides that's only a
description of the curve between here and there, "there" being
wherever it plateaus. Unless you mean unboundedly exponential, but
that's not likely.

THE POINT IS (I'm not just giving you a hard time, trust me) that
that growth in addresses is a problem for spammers...it's a feature!

Who else has to manage them all except in the most trivial way, for
example one-to-one mappings of who to really deliver this to.

But my math tells me that a log base 2 look up says I can find one
address in a list of a trillion in about 40 probes, worst case.

But the spammer has to try all trillion to find me, worst case.

 > I'm trying
 > to use it, but it causes problems as soon as I send mail to a group
 > of people (esp. when the members of those groups change).

I believe you, but isn't that just a weakness in the MUA software not
accomodating this approach? SMOP (Simple Matter Of Programming.)

Granted that's a practical consideration, but one should try to be
clear whether they're making a pragmatic or theoretical objection.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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Matt,

MS> What wasn't clear from the conference (and really *is* the case) is
MS> that technology has solved the problem from a recipients point of view
MS> for anyone willing to invest in a solution.

I suspect that your assessment of the state of what is possible is
only true if the requirements are very carefully constrained.

I say that, because my own assessment is that the technology that
makes spam a "solved" problem is still lacking.
d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
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On May 9, 2003 at 17:32 brunner@nic-naa.net (Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine) wrote:
 > Overlooking the minor problem of time, you claimed that Barry knows, after
 > operating world since, jeeze how long's it been Barry?

See RFC 2235, tho in fact it was several weeks previous.

-- 
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To: "Vernon Schryver" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for
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> That's not what I meant.  I've long claimed that most of the addresses
> used as envelope Mail_From values in spam are not "forged," but the
> legitimate property of spammers.  My claim would be supported if a
> substantial number of the probes you send to Hotmail are not rejected
> as invalid addresses.

I apologize for making general comments.  All of our mail gets stored in a
database as well as all relevant statistics.  Let me run some number and get
back to you.  In general though, it's not difficult for a spammer to send a
million messages with a valid freemail account and a million with an invalid
freemail account.  Any assertion we make today and design as an assumption
will certainly be thwarted by less than 3 lines of additional code for
shareware tomorrow.


>
> That's interesting, but it seems to concern the effectiveness of C/R
> as a spam filter.  What do you mean by "dropped manually by the user"?
> How can the target of mail drop spam before the C/R probing is complete?

Ah, yes.  I'l try not to tout may warez but rather share our approach.  When
we "quarantine" email, we send a C/R for users that have the function
enabled.  In addition, we periodically send a digest of all email within the
quarantine database to the user.  Often, we find that the user takes a
whitelist, blacklist, forward, drop policy decision before the sender
responds to the C/R.


> Does that mean that your users white-list mail senders before the C/R
> system gets a chance to try?

yes, or blacklist

> Or perhaps after the C/R system has
> tried and failed?

Also possible.  If the C/R gets an SMTP reject, then we'll deep-six the
message automatically..assuming the reject isn't due to a valid reason.

> Are you saying that that the C/R system in some
> sense fails 95% of the time?

Depends on what you define as a failure.  Our observation is that C/R is not
a panacea.  People are not gravitating to it in droves.  It's a nice tool
that has some nice capabilities...most of what I like is dropping bogus
senders moreso than dynamically adding self-verified senders to a whitelist.

> That's much worse than even I would
> guess, and I think C/R systems are hopeless.

I would say that alone, they have valueable but limited functionality and
only help with spam prevention.

>
> That horse has left barn a long time ago.  From my observations, spam
> is less likely to involve spoofing valid sources today that it was
> half a dozen years ago before the Flowers.com case and the many laws
> against header forgery.  The frequence of spoofed valid sources remains
> signifcant, but ebs and flows as spammers come and go, the moon waxes
> and wanes, and no one can know what else.

If there's a name for it..it means that someone else has done it...and a
spammer has done it a million billion times.

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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for 
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On Fri, 9 May 2003 13:05:37 -0600 (MDT) 
Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:

>> I see Challenge/Response as the final threshhold of Spam Blocking. If
>> it is done wrong on a large scale, it could sour the idea for
>> everyone. Then when a truly good way to impliment it comes, everyone
>> will dismiss it as having the same old problems.  ...

> I don't understand how anyone might hope that Challenge/Response won't
> be done wrong on a large scale even with completely clear standards
> track RFC.  Perhaps my point of view is colored by old scars inflicted
> by large outfits.

Certainly the clearly written standards on vacation bots have shown us
what behaviour we can expect on a regular basis.

> I've not responded to you counters to my counters to your points about
> Challenge/Response systems, because unless you're working on an ID, I
> fear it would be a waste of effort.

Would it be worthwhile spending the time to wrap the consent token or
forward chained received headers stuff into an ID?

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Call to Arms: Securing E-Mail, Controlling Spam,  Empowering Users (fwd)
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>
>     IF we knew the from addr was reliably matched to the MTA
> doing delivery
>     THEN spam would (cease to exist, be reduced considerably, etc.)
>
> NOT PROVEN.

The only thing that is proven is that if you confire your mail server to
enfore a strict policy of HELO<->FORWARD DNS<->REVERSE DNS consistency
checking, then you will lose a boat load of mail.  Many mail admins merely
assign an IP, MX record, and 'make install' then there's NAT, NAT Proxy,
load balancing.....

One question that often lingers in my mind is that if mail admins can't
properly configure their servers today per RFC821...how will they respond to
another protocol standard?  Do we just institute a tough-love policy?  Do we
make it monkey proof?  Then there's a couple of big software players that
may/may not agree.

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To: "Barry Shein" <bzs@world.std.com>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for Fightin
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>  > >
>  > > Why not just give each person a different mail address (presumably
>  > > aliased to your one true address) and use the mbox:sender pair as the
>  > > "consent token". Trivially revoked, just alias it to /dev/null.

What do I put on my business card?  What about on my web page that gets
spidered and sold off?  How do I remember someone's email address across
multiple computers, PDA, Cell phones, Coffee Shops?

While many freemail companies have run out of any recognizeable email
addresses, enterprise companies rely on them.

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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> From: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>

> ...
> > I don't understand how anyone might hope that Challenge/Response won't
> > be done wrong on a large scale even with completely clear standards
> > track RFC.  Perhaps my point of view is colored by old scars inflicted
> > by large outfits.
>
> Certainly the clearly written standards on vacation bots have shown us
> what behaviour we can expect on a regular basis.

Yes, although I was feeling PPP scars.


> ...
> Would it be worthwhile spending the time to wrap the consent token or
> forward chained received headers stuff into an ID?

On the off chance that was addressed to me, I'd say that whoever
invests the editorial work must decide.  It seems likely that only a
support would want to invest the work.  Everyone who has commented on
those or other mechanisms is duty bound to at least try to read such
documents if they appear.

We currently have 
  - Dave Crocker's ID that he has promised will have a new version
      realsoonnow.
  - Paul Vixie's draft ID for an MX checking DNS mechanism.  Paul has
      left the building, but perhaps he could be convinced to return
      long enough consider suggestions and forward the document.  If
      not, he might be willing to pass the document to someone friendly.
  - Gordon Fecyk's ID.
  - others I can't seem to remember.
  - still other documents that as far as I know have not been layered
      with boilerplate and generally hammered into draft IDs.

I don't know, but suspect all but Dave Crocker's draft ID would have
to be "Informational" "individual submissions" or come from an IETF
WG and not from here in either case.  The three not yet draft IDs are
official products of this group, but it's early to think about their
fate until they become draft IDs.


Those not familiar with the IETF/IRTF or standards committees in
general might not realize that the IETF has strong fences separating
committee turfs.  Standards committeee fences are honored to keep the
inter-committee battles from getting too distracting.  IEEE PARs and
the ANSI equivalents are higher and defended more ferociously than
the IETF fences, but the IETF equivalents can't be violiated by
newcomers without lots of political capital.  Those who have enough
capital are unlikely to spend it on minor spam IDs.

That's not to say that talk about those IDs is off-topic, but that
getting support here is only a first, small step in a long process
unless you take the shortcut straight to the IESG for the low goal of
"individual" and "informational."

I hope that if I've misstated the rules of the RFC game, someone more
knowledgeable will correct me.  I've tried to use lots of jargon to
give pause to newcomers who might otherwise simply inform me that I'm
all wet about the Standards Process.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 20:53:02 EDT."
             <16060.19822.846445.450667@world.std.com> 
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 22:18:47 -0400

> See RFC 2235, tho in fact it was several weeks previous.

Dilettant.

I spent _that_ winter in Levanworth. Cold place. Limited opportunities
for recreation. Not much UCE either. San Diego was the only place with
a temperature above freezing (USENIX '89).

Eric
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Call to Arms: Securing E-Mail, Controlling Spam, Empowering Users (fwd) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 19:33:19 EDT."
             <16060.15039.356484.90351@world.std.com> 
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 23:03:13 -0400

Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> wrote:
> It's the same old same old
> 
>     IF we knew the from addr was reliably matched to the MTA doing delivery
>     THEN spam would (cease to exist, be reduced considerably, etc.)
> 
> NOT PROVEN.

  Also not claimed.  See long flame wars previously on the list.

  Tilting at windmills is time-honored profession, though.  As is
attacking straw men.

> As I've said several times before here, people are jumping on the
> bandstand because they really want to be the ones who solve the spam
> problem.

  Saying it repeatedly doesn't make it true, unless you desire
everyone to believe you, solely because you're An Authority.

> It's like someone trying to solve money laundering because they've had
> some money and managed some bank accounts and did their taxes a few
> times.

  It's like someone trying to delve into social motivations, because
they've talked to people, and are an expert in computer networking.

  Alan DeKok.
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Call to Arms: Securing E-Mail, Controlling Spam, Empowering Users (fwd) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 21:43:08 EDT."
             <MBEKIIAKLDHKMLNFJODBKEAJFCAA.eric@purespeed.com> 
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Date: Fri, 09 May 2003 23:07:13 -0400

"Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com> wrote:
> One question that often lingers in my mind is that if mail admins can't
> properly configure their servers today per RFC821...how will they respond to
> another protocol standard?

  Badly.  That's their problem.

  Sins of omission (failure to properly configure mail systems) are no
less henious than sins of commission (trying to send spam), so far as
the recipient of the deluge is concerned.

  Alan DeKok.
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References: <27C4E14288DB344FBA10705D57A9BB043E564F@DF-CHOPPER.platinum.corp.microsoft.com> <IOEPKAPPDKHPENCKFNNGEEPHCDAA.tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 23:43:20 -0400

On Thu, May 08, 2003 at 12:22:17PM +0100, Tom Thomson wrote

> Two separate questions there.
> 
> 1.  Yes, some hotels provide a mailserver and a guest email acount
> (for example hotels using Neos products).  Often these are send only
> accounts (horrible concept, isn't it).  However, the MUA in these
> cases is a machine owned and managed by the hotel (at least in all
> cases I'm aware of) and not the guest's laptop, and both the content
> From header and the envelope From header will be as Vernon described.
> 
> 2.  Yes, hotels provide internet connectivity for guests laptops.
> When they do so they usually expect the guest to connect to there
> normal mail provider.  This is a problem with providers that don't do
> authentication of some sort, but not the hotel's problem so they've
> not much incentive to solve it. Some do block port 25 so you have
> to use their outbound MTA, and that writes a suitable Received From
> header identifying the room, but I don't think these systems usually
> rewrite the envelope From address.

  This is where ssh-tunnelling and webmail-over-SSL come in *VERY*
handy.  If a company can afford to send an executive to a faraway city
and pay for a laptop, they can afford to install ssh on his/her laptop.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did
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Subject: [Asrg] Spam Flitering vs. Spam Rejection
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 23:08:57 -0500

Greetings,

I write today as the CEO of a small, independent ISP that provides 
dialup services, majordomo hosting, as well as POP-3 hosting.  We 
have customers that make use of all possible combinations of the 
above services.  As such, I have several interests in reducing the 
flow of spam:

1.) Customers don't like it.  Even more, customers like having less of it.
2.) I personally don't like it.
3.) It makes my customers' legitimate mailing lists (purely opt-in, 
typically discussion lists) go through weird hoops to get mail 
delivered.
4.) It forces me to take a specific interest in my customer's mailing 
list content.  I must pay enough attention to turn down their 
business / disconnect their account when they engage in spamming or 
... just as bad ... make my gut tell me that they will.  (Getting 
blacklisted is the kind of thing we have nightmares about. 
Therefore, we must sometimes turn down possibly legitimate business 
in a "protectionist interest.")  Often, I'd really rather not know 
what my customers use their mailing list for.  (Customer privacy.)
5.) Bandwidth / server utilization costs.

I'm sure there are some more reasons I'm not thinking about.  We had 
more tornados here in Kansas last night, so my brain's perhaps a bit 
fried.

As I see it, spam can (theoretically) be dealt with in several ways:

1.) We as folks running outbound SMTP services can assure that our 
servers can't send spam.
2.) We as folks running inbound SMTP services can reject spam at the 
point of entry.
3.) We as folks delivering mail to customer's POP/IMAP accounts can 
initially accept the spam, then filter it out for the customer.
4.) Customers can filter the spam out themselves.
5.) Combinations and varients of the above.
6.) Laws can deter folks from spamming.

I'm sure there are more ways.

Having discussed spam with many other independent ISPs, I can say 
that we are all concerned about the problem.  The most common 
response is a combination of all of the above mechanisms.  Here's 
what appears to be most common:

1.) Open relays are taboo.
2.) Port 25 blocking.  (Not universal.  Controversial.)
3.) Limited rejection.  (Very limited.)
4.) Filtering:
- SpamAssassin-style filtering seems to be the most common.  The 
theory is (as most of you likely know), that we give mail "points" 
for various characteristics.  This includes blacklist checking, 
content analysis, header validations of various sorts.  If RMX (or 
similar) were to happen, most of us would likely initially deploy it 
here.  Valid RMX = -1 point.  Invalid RMX = +1 point.  No RMX = no 
change.  (Or whatever.)  There is some threshold (posibly 
configurable by the customer)
5.) Providing customer tools: POSTINI and C/R systems seem to be the 
most common.
6.) Various schemes for authenticating "authorized" mailers.

#6 seems to be most problematic.  Clearly the "travelling salesman" 
problem is not minor.  We [Binhost] deal with it by providing POP 
before SMTP services on our SSL-enabled ports.  Our dialup customers 
are authorized to utilize our SMTP server by the RADIUS server.  Many 
independent ISPs [Binhost included] offer nationwide dialup by 
contracting the service of a wholesale dialup provider, such as 
Worldcom or Q*West.  The general industry practice is to add the 
entire national network IP range to your SMTP-server's "relay from 
these IPs" list.  [Binhost refused to do this for obvious reasons.]

All of this said.  Now you know a little about me, how I operate, and 
how I look at spam.

When I look at RMX, C/R, Vixie's proposal, etc, I look at it from the 
point of view of, "how would this fit into my filtering scheme?" 
While I know that filtering does not really deal with the bandwidth 
or server utilization issues (perhaps it does deal with mail storage 
space issues)  it seems [to me] to be:

a.) the easiest method to implement (I don't have to touch my SMTP 
server or my SSL-ized SMTP server)
b.) the least method apt to reject "legit"  mail (multiple rules as 
opposed to a single "lithmus" test)
c.) the easiest spam fighting method to update and change
d.) the best method for dealing with phased rollouts and 
semi/non-standard kinds of things. [See item b.]

(semi/non-standard kinds of things?  Example: Rejecting mail for 
which there is no / a bad reverse on the MX.  Why is this 
controversial?  Because a _lot_ of legitimate servers (particularly 
in government and education namespaces) fail this test.)

My comment on RMX, etc., is: Let's standardize it and put it into 
use.  It's _one more tool_ for me to use when filtering.  It may not 
be a full solution, but ... it'll help me help my users.  At the end 
of the day, that's where it's at for me.

Yours,

-jbn
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Date: Sat, 10 May 2003 00:51:58 -0400

On Thu, May 08, 2003 at 12:34:31AM -0600, John Fenley wrote

> Here's that list:
> 1. Spam is stuff the end users don't want(more or less, barring
>    permmision based marketing and such. this was basicaly AOL's view.)
  Gack, I hate that phrase "permission based marketing".  It's been
distorted by spammers-in-pinstripe-suits (Topica etal) to the point
where it's just another euphemism for spam.

> 2. spammers opperate because they can
  DNSbls cure almost all of the problem.

> 3. most spammers are dumb, but some are verry smart(they are the ones 
>    developing advanced tools)
  DMA and ESPC are also rich, and they are willing to throw money at
"the best legislators that money can buy".  These are the people I worry
about.

> 4. Opt-in mail MUST get to the user.
  End-user-configurable server-side filters are the way to go.

> 5. Opt-out must be available to the user
  End-user-configurable server-side filters are the way to go.

> 6. Sender authentication is needed badly
  Isn't a 100% solution.  A computer can be trojaned, you'll know that
email is coming from the computer... big deal.

> 7. spam volume is increasing rapidly.
  Agreed.

> 8. filters are not an end solution.
  Long live DNSbls.  End-user-configurable server-side filters are the
way to go.

> 9. any solution must not impede the use of email by the general public.
  Mostly agreed.  I think that average users would be willing to put in
a bit of extra effort if they were promised a lot less spam as a payoff.

> 10. the U.S. government is willing to throw money at the problem.(I
> believe sennator Schumer(Ny) threw out the figure 75 million dollars
> per year, and assured the ftc that money would not be an issue
> impeding any plan they propose)
  The DMA and friends are willing to throw money at "the best
legislators that money can buy".  DNSbls are starting to hurt ESPC and
friends, and you can rest assured that legislation will be introduced to
either ban DNSbls or else "regulate" them into uselessness.

> 11. I realy want to help solve the problem for 4 reasons: I dislike spam, I 
> realy think i can make a difference(doing good, and spreading good memes 
> makes me happy), it will help the economy of all developed nations, and it 
> will make a good start for my 2016 campaign if I start now to help solve 
> big problems.(is there anything wrong with thinking ahead, or Honesty?)
  Sorry, as a foreigner, I won't be able to vote for you.

> 12. legal solutions alone won't do the job.
  Agreed.  Given the power of the DMA and friends, maybe it would be a
good idea *NOT* to ask for more legislation.

> 13. An avenue must be available for UCE to get to the user, or spammers 
> will try more and more innovative methods to make an avenue of their 
> own.(by creating the avenue, one can control it)
  ????? This does not compute.  Even spammers aren't *THAT* dumb. If we
offer an avenue for spammers to use, which 99% of end users block at
their end, then the spammers are going to be blocked anyways, and will
seek other ways in.

> 14. Dictionary attacks are a big problem, and RBLs can help, though a 
> better solution is needed.
  "RBL" is trademarked.  The generic term is DNSbl.  This is almost in
IDS (Intrusion Detection System) territory.  I'm aware of one ISP with a
cute solution.  When an attack is detected, a program kicks in that
reroutes connections from the attacking IP address.  The fake SMTP
program returns a positive for a small percentage of invalid addresses.
These eventually end up polluting "millions CDs".

> 15. any solution must be adaptable.
  Agreed.

> 16. there are no "silver bullets".
  Agreed.

> 17. if there are no "silver bullets", why does a plan have to be
> one in order to be discussed?
  A plan doesn't have to be a "silver bullet".  It has to offer a lot
more long-term-gain (spam reduction) than associated short-term-pain
(implementation hassles) to be publicly acceptable.

> 18. never underestimate.
  Spammers evolve.  They started out as primitive pond scum.  They're
now advanced pond scum.

> 19. plans change, why does every little detail need to be planned out now?
  Implementation can be a hassle.  You do *NOT* want a situation like
the early days of Netscape 1.x and 2.x when there seemed to always be a
new version-du-jour.

> 20. a "do not spam" list would be a bad idea.
  Agreed 100%.

> 21. Challenge response has a bad rap, but it is going to happen wether 
> people like it or not because it will stop "spam" in many peoples eyes.
  It can be helpful, but it is *NOT* a standalone solution.  Two changes
are required versus today's implementations...
  1) The challenge should be at the SMTP stage, not at MUA level.
  2) C/R should *NOT* be used against against *EVERY* email address that
isn't in your whitelist.  It should only be used when a DNSbl or other
rule rejects an email.  I view C/R not as a standalone solution, but
rather as a safety net for aggressive blocking.

> 22. adoption is a big barrier to implimentation of any solution.
  See my response to item 17

> 23. social engeneering(PR) can play a big role in how well a solution
> is recieved.
  Agreed.

> 24. the internet is in danger if a solution to "spam" is not found soon.
  Correction.  Email, not the internet.

> 25. ideas should be freely traded, and continually refined.
  Motherhood statement.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did
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Date: Sat, 10 May 2003 00:52:09 -0700 (PDT)


On Fri, 9 May 2003, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> Additionally the question of slave servers poses a tremendous problem not 
> just in regard to this issue, but in regard to all anti-spam solutions. In 
> theory if a computer has been taken over, what prevents the trojan/virus 
> from doing the following:
> 1. Emailing other users on the Internet directly.
> 2. Monitoring local SMTP traffic and finding out what SMTP server is used 
> by the user. Then using that SMTP server for sending spam. RMX/rDNS will 
> not help here since the email will come from a permitted IP range. SSL/TLS 
> will not help since the trojan can capture the password used.

Hi Yakov!

I believe RMX and other RMX-like proposals will help in the slave server
case.  The spammer can still use the slave to send spam, but if he wants
to send it using slave owner's identity, the messages must go out thru the
real outbound mail servers listed in the RMX records or they will be
rejected as forgeries.

Assume the outbound mail servers are well-secured relative to the slaves
(which are probably just desktop machines on home cable modems).  The mail
server admins can use rate-limiters which detect attempts by a user to
send a lot of messages at once and react appropriately.

If the server admins are not careful and have not installed rate-limiters,
then the spam gets through and the domain loses trust (by which I mean
Bayesian spam filters become more likely to reject MAIL FROM: it).  So the
admins have an incentive to be careful and install the limiters.

Mike

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 17:32:03 EDT."
             <200305092132.h49LW3Zj003144@nic-naa.net> 
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Date: Sat, 10 May 2003 10:39:20 -0400

  I thought I had responded before, but the message apparently hasn't
made it to the list.

Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net> wrote:
> Overlooking the minor problem of time, you claimed that Barry knows, after
> operating world since, jeeze how long's it been Barry?, no more than you
> do with your few doamin names,

  I have never claimed that, and I've denied that characterization of
my position both in public and in private.  Yet you still feel it
necessary to repeat the lie.

  I freely admit I do not have as much knowledge as some people about
some topics.  But I also believe that I have just as much right as
they do to participate in a discussion.

  It's apparently that second belief which has you upset, and you're
relying on appeals to authority in an attempt to shut me up.  That's
inappropriate.

  Alan DeKok.
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Sat May 10 14:14:58 2003
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Date: Sat, 10 May 2003 12:50:49 -0400

  I'm unsubscribing from ASRG.  I'm tired of appeals to authority,
misrepresentation of proposals, contradictory reasons for opposition
to proposals, and the "duck and cover" approach when peoples
objections are directly refuted.

  As someone trained professionally in problem solving and logic (with
a graduate degree in physics), I can recognize illogical and
fallacious arguments when I see them, despite not being a recognized
authority in DNS, spam, or fawning sycophanty.  ASRG is now divided
into two camps: The one proposing solutions, now matter how ugly or
awkward; and the one opposing solutions, based mainly on
contrary-to-fact arguments.

  The spam problem will be addressed despite ASRG, not because of it.

  To all of the people who have had a positive contribution, even when
we disagreed, I appreciate your efforts.  To the people who did their
best to oppose all contributions, you've got one less person to fight
against, and one more reason why you will be successful in preventing
the problem from every being solved.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
To: John Fenley <pontifier@hotmail.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] Seeking volunteers for C/R documents  (was: Washington Pos
	t: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for )
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Date: Sat, 10 May 2003 10:05:56 -0400


Yes, a BCP for designing and deploying C/R systems would be useful.
Additionally, a proposal for a C/R protocol would be useful. This would
permit interaction between different C/R systems and allow integration into
MTAs and MUAs.

Does anyone have a set of thoughts in either of these two directions that
they would like to put together and move forward?


> -----Original Message-----
> From: John Fenley [mailto:pontifier@hotmail.com] 
> Sent: Friday, May 09, 2003 12:16 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a 
> Challenge-Response System for 
> 
> 
> Someone mentioned writing some guidelines for responsible 
> Challenge/Response 
> systems. Any chance we could officially ask Earthlink to hold 
> off deployment 
> for a month so we can get something together to guide them?
> 
> Perhaps even a list of fatal flaws and suggested best 
> practices would help.
> 
> These are my suggestions for a beginning list of problems:
> 1. Avoid infinite loops.
> 2. Allow all Opt-in mail.
> 3. take steps to prevent spammer evolution.
> 4. Provide proof that the challenge is legitimate.
> 5. Avoid simple reply style challenges that are easy to 
> autorespond to. 6. Use generous auto whitelisting. 7. support 
> all types of  identity proofs including new ones. 8. Don't 
> just delete everything that doesn't respond correctly, perhaps 
> reward correct challenges by placing them at the top of the inbox.
> 
> John Fenley
> 
> _________________________________________________________________
> Help STOP SPAM with the new MSN 8 and get 2 months FREE*  
> http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
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From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Sat, 10 May 2003 14:38:19 -0400


> But I also believe that I have just as much right as
> they do to participate in a discussion.

I think the word you are looking for is contribute, not participate.
There is a means test. After all, the nominal purpose of this list
is something other than personal gratification.

So, on the rather narrow question I've posed, do you have anything to
contribute?

Silence is a contribution, it isn't self-evident that a perfect provisioning
system (overlay of a mesh on the existing star topologies, extension of the
event model from asymetric to symmetric, extension of the connection model
from synchronous stream to asychronous streams) -- which has other use cases,
has a use case arising from any aspect of this problem domain.

Eric
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Call to Arms: Securing E-Mail, Controlling Spam, Empowering Users (fwd) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 23:56:46 EDT."
             <p06001019bae228a1281c@[192.168.1.104]> 
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Date: Sat, 10 May 2003 10:46:36 -0400

Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com> wrote:
> >   Badly.  That's their problem.
> 
> No, it's our problem.  If it were really truly their problem, then we 
> would have all deployed "must have a reverse lookup" filters.

  I disagree.  Many people have chosen to deploy reverse lookup
filters.  I believe that the reasons why they haven't been more widely
deployed are at least in part due to the problems they have, in
attempting to discover "implicit" consent.  As Hadmut noted, that
process has high failure rates, and thus has lower incentive for
deployment.

> If they don't implement something, and therefore they get more 
> spam--that's fine.  But if they don't implement it and therefore we 
> don't get their email--that's a problem.  Needless to say, this ties 
> into the whole issue of incentives.

  I agree.

  But I'll bet that for most domains, incoming email is NOT
distributed evenly over all other domains.  This means that small
deployment may have large benefits, and alternately, whitelists can
be helpful when talking to sites which haven't deployed a proposal.

  Alan DeKok.
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To: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
cc: John Fenley <pontifier@hotmail.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Seeking volunteers for C/R documents (was: Washington Pos t: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for ) 
In-Reply-To: Message from Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com> 
   of "Sat, 10 May 2003 10:05:56 EDT." <B1F08F445F370846AB7BEE424365F00DCBF6F6@ctxchg.ciphertrust.com> 
References: <B1F08F445F370846AB7BEE424365F00DCBF6F6@ctxchg.ciphertrust.com> 
X-face: ?<YUs-cNP1\Oc-H>^_yw@fA`CEX&}--=*&XqXbF-oePvxaT4(kyt\nwM9]{]N!>b^K}-Mb9
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Date: Sat, 10 May 2003 14:15:38 -0700

On Sat, 10 May 2003 10:05:56 -0400 
Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com> wrote:

> Additionally, a proposal for a C/R protocol would be useful. This
> would permit interaction between different C/R systems and allow
> integration into MTAs and MUAs.

Given that the response portion and the transport used for the response
(email, web, phone, IM, XML/RPC, other) are unstandardisable, that only
leaves the challenge side.  

Is there anything required by a challenge that's different from a
vacation bot?

> Does anyone have a set of thoughts in either of these two directions
> that they would like to put together and move forward?

For *JUST* C/R, the vacation bot spec seems sufficient.  If you're
trying to glue C/R into another system, like a consent token system,
them I've already written a little on that aspect.

-- 
J C Lawrence                
---------(*)                Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas. 
claw@kanga.nu               He lived as a devil, eh?		  
http://www.kanga.nu/~claw/  Evil is a name of a foeman, as I live.
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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry  
 provisioners, so what?
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 04:16:32 -0400

At 11:09 PM -0400 5/8/03, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>Would registering more junk domains mean that the spammer will be 
>spending more money on sending spam? Wouldn't eventually that create 
>a big enough expense for the spammer which would be comparable with 
>the cost of postage for sending a regular letter? That would lead to 
>higher cost of sending spam thus

Given that some spammers already work this way, I would say not. 
Assuming that you post several million (at least) messages per 
domain, and domains cost about $10, I don't think it qualifies as a 
significant expense.

>Also, if the ICANN rule about having correct WHOIS information would 
>actually be enforced with some kind of fines or penalties, wouldn't 
>that force the registrars to have better ID procedures on who 
>actually registers domain names thus reducing the overall number of 
>junk domains? This is part of the overall

The question is (as with any identification system), what would you 
do with the information?  Would you block based on physical address? 
And is it really possible for a registrar to validate an address when 
it comes from another part of the world?

There are also some practical considerations.  Unfortunately you 
can't do a whois query on every incoming domain.  The registrars have 
some limit on the number and type of automated queries you can do 
from a single IP address (in part to keep out spammers, but there are 
also general scalability issues).  You could try round-robinning your 
requests, but it turns out the different registrars return different 
formats.  The only real solution is to purchase the entire database 
and do periodic downloads (Network Solutions supposedly sells 
it--although they never responded to our queries--but other 
registrars do).  So while it's a good solution for a spam filtering 
service, it's not really useful as a generic tool.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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 Empowering Users (fwd)
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Date: Fri, 9 May 2003 23:56:46 -0400

At 11:07 PM -0400 5/9/03, Alan DeKok wrote:
>"Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com> wrote:
>>  One question that often lingers in my mind is that if mail admins can't
>>  properly configure their servers today per RFC821...how will they respond to
>>  another protocol standard?
>
>   Badly.  That's their problem.

No, it's our problem.  If it were really truly their problem, then we 
would have all deployed "must have a reverse lookup" filters.

If they don't implement something, and therefore they get more 
spam--that's fine.  But if they don't implement it and therefore we 
don't get their email--that's a problem.  Needless to say, this ties 
into the whole issue of incentives.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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cc: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>, Asrg@ietf.org,
        brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 09 May 2003 04:16:32 EDT."
             <p06001005bae11168c1af@[192.168.1.104]> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Sat, 10 May 2003 19:48:45 -0400

> Assuming that you post several million (at least) messages per 
> domain, and domains cost about $10, I don't think it qualifies as a 
> significant expense.

I wouldn't hold overly firmly to a 10^^6 messages per domain, but the principle
is correct. It is 10^^3 cents per domain, assuming we (registrars) are paid at
all. If we are of course, the payment is subject to trace.

> >Also, if the ICANN rule about having correct WHOIS information would 
> >actually be enforced with some kind of fines or penalties, wouldn't 
> >that force the registrars to have better ID procedures on who 
> >actually registers domain names thus reducing the overall number of 
> >junk domains? This is part of the overall

Don't expect registrars to seek to absorb someone else's cost of business.

> The question is (as with any identification system), what would you 
> do with the information?  Would you block based on physical address? 
...

I assume this relates to whois:43 mining abatement. 

> requests, but it turns out the different registrars return different 

For RRP provisioned registries, this is true.

> formats.  The only real solution is to purchase the entire database 
> and do periodic downloads (Network Solutions supposedly sells 
> it--although they never responded to our queries--but other 
> registrars do).

We are trying to get this removed from the ICANN registrar contract. I'm
happy to provide it -- in hex or binary form, on paper. 

Anyway, let me repeat, this isn't the line of inquery I hoped people would
mull over, this is actually unrelated to the question posed.

Please use another subject line, e.g., "speculating about registrars", than
as a registrar, I can ignore it ;-).

Eric
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Seeking volunteers for C/R documentrs
References: <7863.1052601338@kanga.nu>
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Date: Sat, 10 May 2003 19:26:36 -0600 (MDT)

> From: J C Lawrence <claw@kanga.nu>

> > Additionally, a proposal for a C/R protocol would be useful. This
> > would permit interaction between different C/R systems and allow
> > integration into MTAs and MUAs.
>
> Given that the response portion and the transport used for the response
> (email, web, phone, IM, XML/RPC, other) are unstandardisable, that only
> leaves the challenge side.  
>
> Is there anything required by a challenge that's different from a
> vacation bot?
> ...

I disagree.  From the point of view of the sender of the original
message, a challenge and the required response is not unidirectional
like a `vacation` or "out of office" notice, but like an "opt-in
subscription confirmation."  A standard for SMTP (or SMTP+HTTP)
confirmation of a bulk mail subscription request would surely look
very similar to an email based C/R system underneath the user interfaces.

Note that opt-in subscriptions to bulk mail can involve other than
email for any or all of the three messages (original request,
confirmation request, and confirmation).

I don't recall where subscription confirmations might be documented.
If they are not, then it might be good to produce a single
challenge-response/opt-in document.

By the way, which RFC contains the documentation of what we all know
a "vacation" notice should and should not be?  The only reliable
specification I know of for what it should be is the BSD source.
Where has what it shouldn't be documented, besides in some secret
Outlook specification?  (To be fair, lately I've not seen much of the
Outlook out-of-office noise that plagues the main IETF list).


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com

Disclaimer:  I'm not a fan of C/R systems, and so should not and am
  not volunteering to push them.
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Date: Sat, 10 May 2003 20:10:40 -0600

I realy didn't write the list to become a topic of discussion, I wrote it as 
evidence to back up a statement I made about putting thought into the 
problem, and to defend my ability to propose solutions.
It was presented as only a survey of my oppinions. I'm sure I could have 
kept going, but at 25 I thought I had enough.
I do have reasons for every item, and I am happy to tell you what they are.

I would be interested to see lists of other peoples thoughts and feelings on 
the matter in a short list like this one used to be.

From: <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
>On Thu, May 08, 2003 at 12:34:31AM -0600, John Fenley wrote
>
> > Here's that list:
> > 1. Spam is stuff the end users don't want(more or less, barring
> >    permmision based marketing and such. this was basicaly AOL's view.)
>   Gack, I hate that phrase "permission based marketing".  It's been
>distorted by spammers-in-pinstripe-suits (Topica etal) to the point
>where it's just another euphemism for spam.

Ok... here is my reasoning:
Lumping ALL unwanted mail together as spam confuses the issue.
Unwanted permission based "marketing" has only 1 difference from the 
permission based notifications I want to recieve. That difference is in me. 
I changed. When I signed up for it, I realy did want "car deals" delivered 
to me. Now I changed my mind. That is the only difference. This is an 
entirely seperate problem from what I see as true "spam".


> > 2. spammers opperate because they can
>   DNSbls cure almost all of the problem.

I see DNSbls as a temporary fix, not a cure. They do work to an extent that 
is usefull now, but so did content filters. We are already seeing the 
backlash as Zombie machines are becoming a problem.

Nothing is truly going to stop spammers, they will always try. The best we 
can hope for is to make them behave how we want.

> > 3. most spammers are dumb, but some are verry smart(they are the ones >  
>   developing advanced tools)
>   DMA and ESPC are also rich, and they are willing to throw money at
>"the best legislators that money can buy".  These are the people I worry
>about.
Again, that is a seperate problem, There are 3 groups, not 2.
Spammers
Marketers/Notifyers/list operators
The Anti-Spam Community

From what I saw at the forum, marketers hate spammers as much, or more than 
we do. They give marketers a bad name, and ruin the market. We usually lump 
them together, and go after the easy targets...the marketers. For the most 
part I think they are doing their best, though there are always some 
exceptions.

Here though, I was specificaly talking about Dr. Bill Hancock's wonderfull 
presentation on Hackers, and Trojans, and Worms. I practically quoted him.


> > 4. Opt-in mail MUST get to the user.
>   End-user-configurable server-side filters are the way to go.

Of course I am going to bring up Choicelist because I havn't seen any better 
method for handling opt-in mail. It is end-user-configurable, and would be 
simple to use.

> > 5. Opt-out must be available to the user
>   End-user-configurable server-side filters are the way to go.

Choicelist.
Like I said in the original posting of this list, I think it fits perfectly 
with part of my view of the problem.

> > 6. Sender authentication is needed badly
>   Isn't a 100% solution.  A computer can be trojaned, you'll know that
>email is coming from the computer... big deal.

Yes, but the random computer couldn't spoof Amazon or some such yada yada...
That is why I think it is important. It helps. Whitelist filtering cant even 
stop all the spam without sender authentication of some sort.
I think the IC/AR method can help this though since nothing else realy has.

> > 7. spam volume is increasing rapidly.
>   Agreed.


> > 8. filters are not an end solution.
>   Long live DNSbls.  End-user-configurable server-side filters are the
>way to go.

I guess I was a little vauge on that one. sorry. I was specificaly thinking 
of content filters.
I class DNSbls in a different category with whitelisting and other non 
contentbased systems.
I guess anything can be classed as a filter though.

Even so, filters alone are not a true solution. Other mechanisms Social 
manipulation will play large roles in an end solution.

>
> > 9. any solution must not impede the use of email by the general public.
>   Mostly agreed.  I think that average users would be willing to put in
>a bit of extra effort if they were promised a lot less spam as a payoff.


> > 10. the U.S. government is willing to throw money at the problem.(I
> > believe sennator Schumer(Ny) threw out the figure 75 million dollars
> > per year, and assured the ftc that money would not be an issue
> > impeding any plan they propose)
>   The DMA and friends are willing to throw money at "the best
>legislators that money can buy".  DNSbls are starting to hurt ESPC and
>friends, and you can rest assured that legislation will be introduced to
>either ban DNSbls or else "regulate" them into uselessness.

I put this in there as support for my suggestion of government funding for 
Choicelist about 4 weeks ago.


> > 11. I realy want to help solve the problem for 4 reasons: I dislike 
>spam, I > realy think i can make a difference(doing good, and spreading 
>good memes > makes me happy), it will help the economy of all developed 
>nations, and it > will make a good start for my 2016 campaign if I start 
>now to help solve > big problems.(is there anything wrong with thinking 
>ahead, or Honesty?)
>   Sorry, as a foreigner, I won't be able to vote for you.

Perhaps by then the whole world will be part of the United Staes of America, 
then you can vote for me.
Just Kidding...I hope.

> > 12. legal solutions alone won't do the job.
>   Agreed.  Given the power of the DMA and friends, maybe it would be a
>good idea *NOT* to ask for more legislation.

The one piece of legislation I would like to see would be to the effect that 
ADV labeled mail would be protected, and only the end user could delete 
them. It will never happen, but I realy think it would help... see #13

> > 13. An avenue must be available for UCE to get to the user, or spammers 
> > will try more and more innovative methods to make an avenue of their > 
>own.(by creating the avenue, one can control it)
>   ????? This does not compute.  Even spammers aren't *THAT* dumb. If we
>offer an avenue for spammers to use, which 99% of end users block at
>their end, then the spammers are going to be blocked anyways, and will
>seek other ways in.

Lucky #13
I have a Cunning Plan:

Spam has gotten more like real mail I want from friends. I personaly would 
rather have 10,000 ADV mails in my inbox per day than ten spams a day 
pretending to come from friends. It is precicely because they are so easy to 
filter that I would rather have them. I can look for a simple token, and 
know that it is an ad. I have made it a personal goal to open every mail 
that I get that begins with ADV to try to condition the mailers behind them 
to do this more.

Spammers want to get to the inbox. Yes or No?
Give them an easy way to do this, and they will. Yes or No?
This easy way makes it easy for me to sort my mail, as well as remove the 
spammers incentive to innovate new ways to bypass the content filters...A 
loosing battle for us as filters are always a step behind spammers.

It would be wonderfull if this were to happen, but it probly won't because 
everybody just thinks: "ah hah! ADV... I'll just set this thing to 
auto-delete them and whala! no more spam". But if people actualy let ADV 
through to the inbox, all our lives collectively would be easier.


> > 14. Dictionary attacks are a big problem, and RBLs can help, though a > 
>better solution is needed.
>   "RBL" is trademarked.  The generic term is DNSbl.  This is almost in
>IDS (Intrusion Detection System) territory.  I'm aware of one ISP with a
>cute solution.  When an attack is detected, a program kicks in that
>reroutes connections from the attacking IP address.  The fake SMTP
>program returns a positive for a small percentage of invalid addresses.
>These eventually end up polluting "millions CDs".

You know, that gives me an idea...
[idea moved to bottom]

> > 15. any solution must be adaptable.
>   Agreed.
>
> > 16. there are no "silver bullets".
>   Agreed.
>
> > 17. if there are no "silver bullets", why does a plan have to be
> > one in order to be discussed?
>   A plan doesn't have to be a "silver bullet".  It has to offer a lot
>more long-term-gain (spam reduction) than associated short-term-pain
>(implementation hassles) to be publicly acceptable.



> > 18. never underestimate.
>   Spammers evolve.  They started out as primitive pond scum.  They're
>now advanced pond scum.

I left it open becauseyou never know what will happen.

> > 19. plans change, why does every little detail need to be planned out 
>now?
>   Implementation can be a hassle.  You do *NOT* want a situation like
>the early days of Netscape 1.x and 2.x when there seemed to always be a
>new version-du-jour.

Yes, but while discussing new Ideas(as a reasearch group should do), 
specifics are usualy a later stage of development. Most Ideas do not come 
full formed instantly. The basic Idea comes first, then specific details are 
worked out. The lack of specifics does not mean an Idea cannot evolve to 
deal with the specifics. Only unsurmountable problems or better Ideas should 
impede progress, not tecnicalitys that can be worked out.

> > 20. a "do not spam" list would be a bad idea.
>   Agreed 100%.
>
> > 21. Challenge response has a bad rap, but it is going to happen wether > 
>people like it or not because it will stop "spam" in many peoples eyes.
>   It can be helpful, but it is *NOT* a standalone solution.  Two changes
>are required versus today's implementations...
>   1) The challenge should be at the SMTP stage, not at MUA level.
>   2) C/R should *NOT* be used against against *EVERY* email address that
>isn't in your whitelist.  It should only be used when a DNSbl or other
>rule rejects an email.  I view C/R not as a standalone solution, but
>rather as a safety net for aggressive blocking.

#1 Do you mean an SMTP rejection should occur, and the error should have the 
challenge test in it?
That would save bandwidth, and processing/storage, but then the message 
couldn't be delivered if a Response were not recieved.
It has been mentioned that C/R shouldn't be used to block mail, but to 
promote it to better delivery. I now agree with that use of C/R.

#2 Agreed.

> > 22. adoption is a big barrier to implimentation of any solution.
>   See my response to item 17
>
> > 23. social engeneering(PR) can play a big role in how well a solution
> > is recieved.
>   Agreed.
>
> > 24. the internet is in danger if a solution to "spam" is not found soon.
>   Correction.  Email, not the internet.

Many people just use the internet for e-mail. I believe "a chilling effect" 
was the phrase used to describe how spam was effecting internet growth. With 
the exponential growth of spam, I actually do feel that the internet is in 
danger of losing users, and of becoming an extremely unplesant experience.

> > 25. ideas should be freely traded, and continually refined.
>   Motherhood statement.

Yes, this was a list of my own personal thoughts on the matter of spam 
solutions. Free trade of ideas, I think, can solve the spam problem.

Wow, sorry this is so long, but it pretty much covers almost all my thoughts 
on the matter.

John Fenley


=====================================
#14:Dictionary attacks: Stopping them: would this work to?
=====================================
The reason I see for dictionary attacks, is that there is no comprehensive 
directory of names anywhere, and names are needed to send spams.(except DoS)
The reason there is no directory of names is because people try to keep 
their addresses hidden to prevent spam.
If spam blocking were good enough, to the point where it didn't matter where 
your name was posted because it wouldn't increase your spam, then a 
directory of real names in a domain could be posted, and dictionary attacks 
would stop (except for realy stupid spammers, and DoS attacks).

You effectively turn dictionary attackers into regular spammers. Then if you 
have a solution to stop spammers, it stops those people as well, but reduces 
dictionary attacks. It would also decimate parts of the spammer 
infrastructure and revenue stream...."Millions CDs", and advanced name 
harvester sales.

The basic idea is to consolidate two groups into one larger group, so that 
one solution can handle them all, instead of needing 2 seperate solutions.
But I guess you'd still have to impliment this, so there would still need to 
be 2 solutions...oh well.
===================================

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Date: Sat, 10 May 2003 22:28:38 -0400


>From: Mike Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>
>
>On Fri, 9 May 2003, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > Additionally the question of slave servers poses a tremendous problem not
> > just in regard to this issue, but in regard to all anti-spam solutions. In
> > theory if a computer has been taken over, what prevents the trojan/virus
> > from doing the following:
> > 1. Emailing other users on the Internet directly.
> > 2. Monitoring local SMTP traffic and finding out what SMTP server is used
> > by the user. Then using that SMTP server for sending spam. RMX/rDNS will
> > not help here since the email will come from a permitted IP range. SSL/TLS
> > will not help since the trojan can capture the password used.
>
>Hi Yakov!
>
>I believe RMX and other RMX-like proposals will help in the slave server
>case.  The spammer can still use the slave to send spam, but if he wants
>to send it using slave owner's identity, the messages must go out thru the
>real outbound mail servers listed in the RMX records or they will be
>rejected as forgeries.
>
>Assume the outbound mail servers are well-secured relative to the slaves
>(which are probably just desktop machines on home cable modems).  The mail
>server admins can use rate-limiters which detect attempts by a user to
>send a lot of messages at once and react appropriately.
>
>If the server admins are not careful and have not installed rate-limiters,
>then the spam gets through and the domain loses trust (by which I mean
>Bayesian spam filters become more likely to reject MAIL FROM: it).  So the
>admins have an incentive to be careful and install the limiters.
>
>Mike

So are you implying that having rate limiters for users (combined with RMX) 
is the only way to solve this problem? But lets say that the slave computer 
in question belongs to a customer who is permitted to send large amounts of 
emails (like www.ietf.org). In that case limiters will not help either 
since the user is authorized to send large amounts of emails. However, I 
would tend to think that this would be an uncommon case.

Additionally, limiting user's email might draw some negative feedback from 
the users. I remember coming across a new report that HotMail has been 
limiting their users to 100 messages per day. I am wondering if anyone 
present knows if there has been any negative backlash from the users over 
that limit? On a paid account this might be a bigger issue, since someone 
who is paying for email might feel more entitled to have no limits placed 
on that access.

P.S. If Hotmail saw a need to limit outbound messages, then that supports 
the assertion that free email providers are being actively user by spammers. 

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Seeking volunteers for C/R documents (was: Washington Pos t: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for )
Message-ID: <20030511030207.GA797@m1800>
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Date: Sat, 10 May 2003 23:02:07 -0400

On Sat, May 10, 2003 at 02:15:38PM -0700, J C Lawrence wrote
> On Sat, 10 May 2003 10:05:56 -0400 
> Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com> wrote:
> 
> > Additionally, a proposal for a C/R protocol would be useful. This
> > would permit interaction between different C/R systems and allow
> > integration into MTAs and MUAs.
> 
> Given that the response portion and the transport used for the response
> (email, web, phone, IM, XML/RPC, other) are unstandardisable, that only
> leaves the challenge side.  
> 
> Is there anything required by a challenge that's different from a
> vacation bot?
> 
> > Does anyone have a set of thoughts in either of these two directions
> > that they would like to put together and move forward?
> 
> For *JUST* C/R, the vacation bot spec seems sufficient.  If you're
> trying to glue C/R into another system, like a consent token system,
> them I've already written a little on that aspect.

  Probably raising my BI on this issue, but here goes...

  1) I am *NOT* a fan of "C/R by default", but I believe that C/R does
have its place.  Specifically, I use a variant of C/R as a safety net in
conjunction with aggressive blocking.  This safety net has given me the
necessary confidence to start using SPEWS.  I divide my email into 4
classes...
     a) whitelist - a small subset of the net is unconditionally accepted
     b) greylist  - the vast majority of the net is accepted if it
                    doesn't flag out via DNSbls or local blocklist rules
     c) blacklist - a small subset of the net is  blocked via DNSbls and
                    other rules.  As part of the 550 reject message, the
                    sender gets a URL on my personal website to a page
                    that lists the current temporary unfiltered email
                    address at which I may be contacted.
     d) blacklist with extreme prejiduce - a small set of CIDRs from
                    which I do not want to hear.  They do not get pointed
                    to my filter bypass page.

     Current C/R systems challenge everybody except whitelisted
addresses.  Given moderately aggressive filtering, I get hardly any spam
from the greylist, so I let it through.

  2) In an effort to bypass spamblocks that check for invalid "From:"
domains, spammers now forge addresses from valid domains.  Occasionally
the forged addresses are real, and an innocent 3rd-party gets deluged
with bounces.  The default C/R method of sending a challenge email would
make this even worse.  That's why I prefer making the challenge part of
an SMTP-stage reject.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did
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  provisioners, so what?
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Date: Sat, 10 May 2003 23:04:04 -0400


>From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
>
> >
> > I would suggest in general that the working group should recommend to
> > ICANN a stricter enforcement of the WHOIS rules
>
>You're probably familiar with this document:
>
>http://www.icann.org/gnso/whois-tf/report-19feb03.htm
>
>There's an interesting minority report at the bottom.

Actually I have never seen the original report, only portions of it. Thank 
you for pointing it out. Based on the conversations on the list in the last 
few days, especially the objections from Eric, it seems that the WHOIS data 
will not useful for stopping spam itself in real time. First of all as Eric 
Brunner and Ken Hinkley pointed out, it would be impractical and very hard 
for the registrars to actually enforce these rules due to cost, ability to 
verify the data, etc. Second, as Ken Hinkley pointed out, it would also be 
hard to use the data in real time due to limits on WHOIS queries, etc.

Therefore, it seems that WHOIS data is useful only for tracking down 
spammers not spam by ISPs and law enforcement authorities. They can use 
this data AS A TOOL, not as an absolutely true source of information but 
for real time spam blocking it is not very useful. Privacy provisions 
raised in this minority report if implemented will not stop LEA from 
accessing the data since it would still be available under subpoenas and 
warrants (or ICANN can allow them easy access under the privacy rules). 
Nevertheless, I am still standing by my recommendation for stricter 
enforcement of WHOIS rules but a balance must be drawn since we do not want 
to drive the registrars into bankruptcy or have the overall registration 
prices for domains to go up.

Yakov

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry  
  provisioners, so what?
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Date: Sat, 10 May 2003 23:23:28 -0400


>From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
>
>At 11:09 PM -0400 5/8/03, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>>Would registering more junk domains mean that the spammer will be 
>>spending more money on sending spam? Wouldn't eventually that create a 
>>big enough expense for the spammer which would be comparable with the 
>>cost of postage for sending a regular letter? That would lead to higher 
>>cost of sending spam thus
>
>Given that some spammers already work this way, I would say not. Assuming 
>that you post several million (at least) messages per domain, and domains 
>cost about $10, I don't think it qualifies as a significant expense.

What I am wondering if it is possible to work out a formula and figure out 
at what point does the spammer become unprofitable (messages sent per 
domain vs. the domain price). This piece of information will not help by 
itself, but can contribute to the overall solution

>>Also, if the ICANN rule about having correct WHOIS information would 
>>actually be enforced with some kind of fines or penalties, wouldn't that 
>>force the registrars to have better ID procedures on who actually 
>>registers domain names thus reducing the overall number of junk domains? 
>>This is part of the overall
>
>The question is (as with any identification system), what would you do 
>with the information?  Would you block based on physical address? And is 
>it really possible for a registrar to validate an address when it comes 
>from another part of the world?
>
>There are also some practical considerations.  Unfortunately you can't do 
>a whois query on every incoming domain.  The registrars have some limit on 
>the number and type of automated queries you can do from a single IP 
>address (in part to keep out spammers, but there are also general 
>scalability issues).  You could try round-robinning your requests, but it 
>turns out the different registrars return different formats.  The only 
>real solution is to purchase the entire database and do periodic downloads 
>(Network Solutions supposedly sells it--although they never responded to 
>our queries--but other registrars do).  So while it's a good solution for 
>a spam filtering service, it's not really useful as a generic tool.

As someone has mentioned before, the WHOIS data is more useful for tracking 
spammers than spam. Thus, there is still a reason to have this data valid 
or at the least to allow registrars to be able to cancel a registration for 
having false contact information.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Date: Sat, 10 May 2003 23:25:24 -0400


>From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
>
> > >Also, if the ICANN rule about having correct WHOIS information would
> > >actually be enforced with some kind of fines or penalties, wouldn't
> > >that force the registrars to have better ID procedures on who
> > >actually registers domain names thus reducing the overall number of
> > >junk domains? This is part of the overall
>
>Don't expect registrars to seek to absorb someone else's cost of business.

Even if the validity of WHOIS data should not be enforced and is 
impractical to do so because of additional cost, would you agree that it is 
still valuable to provide the registrars with the ability to be able to 
cancel or seize a domain because of false contact data? If the domain name 
is revoked quickly enough because of spamming, then the overall profit that 
the spammer derives is reduced since there is no where for spam receivers 
to click and no place for the spammer to collect money. However, I am 
slightly hesitant of giving the registrars such power since it can be abused.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Date: Sat, 10 May 2003 23:29:19 -0400


>To: "Alan DeKok"  <aland@freeradius.org>
>
> > Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> wrote:
> > > I would suggest in general that the working group should recommend to
> > > ICANN a stricter enforcement of the WHOIS rules
> >
> >
> >   I support this proposal.
> >
> >   Does anyone have time to write a proposal for BCP, to fight spam
> > by better applying existing network policy?
> >
> >   Alan DeKok.
>
>I'm sure this has been done a few times... in "local" forms
>there's
>http://www.ripe.net/ripe/docs/ripe-206.html
>for instance.
>
>Of course this is aimed at ISPs.

What I meant is more of a recommendation to ICANN directly. However the 
problem with overall "recommendations", "policies", and such and making 
sure that they are actually enforced, and I am not sure who much impact 
would a direct recommendation to ICANN, a BCP or a RFC would make. As 
someone pointed out, if the RFC821 recommendations are not enforced, how 
can we make sure that anything else is. Plus as I mentioned in a different 
message, we need to draw a balance as to how much is actually required from 
the registrars. At the minimum the registrars should be revoke or seize 
domains that have false contact information which does not put as much 
strain on them, as verifying manually every single registration would. 
Additionally, perhaps a registrar should be able to do the same for any 
domain used for spam (this can be accomplished via terms of agreement or 
change in the overall ICANN policy). However, this would mean giving 
stronger power to the registrars and as the famous quote goes "power corrupts".

I think its a bit premature to actually go ahead and make such 
recommendation, but we can definitely think of a proposal.

Yakob


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Date: Sat, 10 May 2003 21:00:37 -0700 (PDT)


Hi again, Yakov,

ys> So are you implying that having rate limiters for users (combined with
ys> RMX)  is the only way to solve this problem?

I only meant that RMX-like systems have the potential to help in the
slave-server case.  Wasn't implying anything more general than that or
maligning other proposals.

> But lets say that the slave computer in question belongs to a customer
> who is permitted to send large amounts of emails (like www.ietf.org). In
> that case limiters will not help either since the user is authorized to
> send large amounts of emails. However, I would tend to think that this
> would be an uncommon case.
[ ... ]
> Additionally, limiting user's email might draw some negative feedback from 
> the users.

Hmm, perhaps "rate limiter" was too strong a word.  I only meant that RMX
gives admins the ability to deploy a safety valve, when and where they
want to.  As a user, I would appreciate such a thing, just as I appreciate
it when my credit card company double-checks before approving an
unusually-large purchase.  Nobody's proposing that we start imposing some 
arbitrary limits on people's ability to send legitimate email.

Mike

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Date: Sun, 11 May 2003 00:13:37 -0400


>From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
>
>Yakov,
>
>Escuse my brevity.

No problem.

> > >I'm still where Berry left off. I don't see anything in humans, or pseudo
> > >humans, headers and eventual administrative DoS that solves for "virally
> > >acquired spam slave servers".
> >
> > Lets analyze where spam comes from. From experience I have seen the
> > following sources:
>
>There is a taxonomy, most of which I've characterized as "slow", and then
>there is

Do you mean "slow" as spammers who are "losing their skill" and are not 
agile enough? However, there are still plenty of those around and we need 
to stop them just as much as the "fast" spammers.

>... spammers using slave servers.
>
>
> > Based on this,  I will have to agree with you that spoofing or solving
> > spoofing will not solve the spam problem. It seems that we have to look at
> > the spam problem as a subset of a larger problem of how to prevent a
> > network user from abusing the network resources, in this cases being the
> > bandwidth.
>
>Hold that thought. It's not unqualified bandwidth. Not only is it SMTP,
>but it has some immediacy property that is distinct from say, 3rd-party
>persistent cookies and their replay times to namespaces dynamically
>managed by technically capable advertizing networks, and it must possess
>some additional properties.
>
> > very easy and cheap for any network user to utilize the network resources.
> > Thus the solution is to make it expensive or restrict the user ...
>
>Hold that thought too. There is no user. His or her wintel box on a cdn
>or dsl circuit is _yours_. You simply need to match your acquisition and
>loss budgets, while working your delivery problem.

I was looking at the overall spam problem as follows: we have a network - 
the Internet, users - humans using it, and resources - bandwidth, servers, 
computers. The question is how to stop a user from abusing the network 
resources, namely our DLS customer. It does not make a different whether it 
is our DSL user who is actually sending the spam or the hacker that gained 
access to his computer. If we have proper safeguards on place, then we 
prevent both.

> > The only thing that will help in these instances is either putting a
> > sending limit on the user, or using some kind of a secure operating system
> > which (in theory) makes it impossible to monitor local SMTP traffic. No
>
>Hold that thought too. Is a node that transits from "nothingness" to "being"
>indetectible?

As you stated, the most we can do is trace it to the unfortunate DSL user 
whose computer was hacked. The node is detectable but can we do anything 
about it aside from limiting the legitimate user's email?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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>From: Mike Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>
>
> > But lets say that the slave computer in question belongs to a customer
> > who is permitted to send large amounts of emails (like www.ietf.org). In
> > that case limiters will not help either since the user is authorized to
> > send large amounts of emails. However, I would tend to think that this
> > would be an uncommon case.
>[ ... ]
> > Additionally, limiting user's email might draw some negative feedback from
> > the users.
>
>Hmm, perhaps "rate limiter" was too strong a word.  I only meant that RMX
>gives admins the ability to deploy a safety valve, when and where they
>want to.  As a user, I would appreciate such a thing, just as I appreciate
>it when my credit card company double-checks before approving an
>unusually-large purchase.  Nobody's proposing that we start imposing some
>arbitrary limits on people's ability to send legitimate email.

How would such safety valve work? The admin contacts the user, or looks a 
the outbound SMTP traffic? 

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Date: Sat, 10 May 2003 23:58:39 -0700 (PDT)

mr>Hmm, perhaps "rate limiter" was too strong a word.  I only meant that RMX
mr>gives admins the ability to deploy a safety valve, when and where they
mr>want to.  As a user, I would appreciate such a thing, just as I appreciate
mr>it when my credit card company double-checks before approving an
mr>unusually-large purchase.  Nobody's proposing that we start imposing some
mr>arbitrary limits on people's ability to send legitimate email.

ys> How would such safety valve work? The admin contacts the user, or looks a 
ys> the outbound SMTP traffic? 

I was thinking along the lines of contacting the user with a
message like this:

------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Dear customer,
    
    We apologize for this intrusion.
    
    Our systems indicate that your computer attempted to send a large
    number of emails over the last ten minutes.  Because unusually
    large volumes of outbound email sometimes indicate the presence of
    a computer virus, we wanted to check with you before proceeding.

    These and further emails will be placed in a temporary
    quarantine while we await your instructions.  We respect your
    privacy, and will not read or otherwise disclose the messages
    without your permission.
    
    Please call (800) 123-4567 at your earliest convenience so that
    we may process your request without further delay.  We appreciate
    your business and look forward to serving you again in the future.
    
                       --Your friendly email service providers

    To change your notification settings, please go to:
    https://www.exampleisp.com/my_account_settings/web_form.php

------------------------------------------------------------------------

A well-designed safety valve might be a feature worth advertising to
customers; it has perceived value and helps reduce spam.  Think back to
the credit card analogy again--unusual behavior alerts are billed as
something of value to the customer, while at the same time reducing losses
for the company.  Of course, the admins must be careful to avoid imposing,
hence "large number of emails" and time period will be different for each
user.  They should be given reasonable default values, and the
notification limits could even be changed by the users themselves, as
indicated by the secure web link in the example above.

It is in this sense that I believe RMX (Danisch) and RMX-like proposals
(Vixie, Fecyk) have the ability to limit the spam effect of poorly-secured
desktop machines.

Mike

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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
cc: Asrg@ietf.org, brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: [Asrg] WHOIS and registrars 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sat, 10 May 2003 23:25:24 EDT."
             <5.2.0.9.2.20030510232518.00ba2b38@solidmatrix.com> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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> Even if ...  would you agree that it is 
> still valuable to provide the registrars with the ability to be able to 
> cancel or seize a domain because of false contact data? 

Its a pretext. There are several. In this context "rational" is bunk. Even
thinking about a domain costs more than the margin that domain yeilds in a
year.

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cc: Asrg@ietf.org, brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sat, 10 May 2003 23:04:04 EDT."
             <5.2.0.9.2.20030510223006.00ba92e0@std5.imagineis.com> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Sun, 11 May 2003 08:19:00 -0400

Yakov,

These:

Message-Id: <5.2.0.9.2.20030510223006.00ba92e0@std5.imagineis.com>
Message-Id: <5.2.0.9.2.20030510232324.00ba2b38@solidmatrix.com>
Message-Id: <5.2.0.9.2.20030510232518.00ba2b38@solidmatrix.com>
Message-Id: <5.2.0.9.2.20030510231935.00ba8310@std5.imagineis.com>

all are speculative about some aspects of gTLD registrars and some sources
of administrative law (ICANN).

1. The quesiton I posed was not an invitiation to speculate as to the use
or non-use of whois:43, nor the cost models of registrars, nor the levers
of power.

2. I personally don't think the whois:43 and similar publication systems have
utility in this space.

Eric
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners,
 so what?
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Date: Sun, 11 May 2003 09:27:43 -0500
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Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine wrote:
> 
> 2. I personally don't think the whois:43 and similar publication 
> systems have
> utility in this space.
  Leaving whois and registrar cost models aside, In your opinion do 
registars at all have any utility regarding the spam problem?
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Seeking volunteers for C/R documents  (was: Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for )
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Date: Sun, 11 May 2003 10:26:08 -0400
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Sure, I'm in...it appears we have a small BoF that'll at least document some
of the issues with C/R as well as propose some potential standards

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Paul
> Judge
> Sent: Saturday, May 10, 2003 10:06 AM
> To: John Fenley; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Seeking volunteers for C/R documents (was: Washington
> Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for )
>
>
>
> Yes, a BCP for designing and deploying C/R systems would be useful.
> Additionally, a proposal for a C/R protocol would be useful. This would
> permit interaction between different C/R systems and allow
> integration into
> MTAs and MUAs.
>
> Does anyone have a set of thoughts in either of these two directions that
> they would like to put together and move forward?
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: John Fenley [mailto:pontifier@hotmail.com]
> > Sent: Friday, May 09, 2003 12:16 PM
> > To: asrg@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [Asrg] Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a
> > Challenge-Response System for
> >
> >
> > Someone mentioned writing some guidelines for responsible
> > Challenge/Response
> > systems. Any chance we could officially ask Earthlink to hold
> > off deployment
> > for a month so we can get something together to guide them?
> >
> > Perhaps even a list of fatal flaws and suggested best
> > practices would help.
> >
> > These are my suggestions for a beginning list of problems:
> > 1. Avoid infinite loops.
> > 2. Allow all Opt-in mail.
> > 3. take steps to prevent spammer evolution.
> > 4. Provide proof that the challenge is legitimate.
> > 5. Avoid simple reply style challenges that are easy to
> > autorespond to. 6. Use generous auto whitelisting. 7. support
> > all types of  identity proofs including new ones. 8. Don't
> > just delete everything that doesn't respond correctly, perhaps
> > reward correct challenges by placing them at the top of the inbox.
> >
> > John Fenley
> >
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > Help STOP SPAM with the new MSN 8 and get 2 months FREE*
> > http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
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>

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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
cc: Asrg@ietf.org, brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 11 May 2003 09:27:43 CDT."
             <2.1-11907943-396-A-OEWW@smtp.sprintpcs.com> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Sun, 11 May 2003 11:49:58 -0400


> do registars at all have any utility regarding the spam problem?

The dependency upon the dns infrastructure for a particular spam origination
point, if any (some may not use forward or names, for any portion of the set
of communication links) has some temporal property.

The ability to modify the dns infrastructure by publishers, and by their 
provisioners, has some temporal properites.

As a research inquery, are the response times of these two systems capable
of making one interact (negatively, in case anyone is wondering) with the
other? Is it possible to construct a covert channel between these two
distinct communications realms?

Recall, there is at least one system is between these two (consumers, for
better or worse, and provisioners), the 1034/35 publication system.


Would the question be significantly altered if the registries provisioned
was defined by decimal values, rather than character sequences, ignoring the
syntax rules for each data type?


My answer is "conditionally yes", and the condition(s) to be determined are
the temporal properties of spam dependency upon some properties of the dns,
and the temporal properties of technically feasible response systems to alter
those properties.


An entirely distinct approach is post-event trace, which has limited research
interest, though there may be a need for techniques to reconcile distributed
logs.

Eric
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        brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 11 May 2003 11:49:58 EDT."
             <200305111549.h4BFnwZj015103@nic-naa.net> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Sun, 11 May 2003 12:06:00 -0400

Some proof reading errors:

Para 1
s/some may not use forward or names/some may not use forward or reverse maps/

Para 2
s/publishers, and by//

What publishers do, how they communicate (other than via 1034/35), and how
they learn what to do, if anything, is a box I don't want to open yet.

Thanks for your patience(s),
Eric
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To: "Kee Hinckley" <nazgul@somewhere.com>, "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Call to Arms: Securing E-Mail, Controlling Spam, Empowering Users (fwd)
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>
> No, it's our problem.  If it were really truly their problem, then we
> would have all deployed "must have a reverse lookup" filters.
>
> If they don't implement something, and therefore they get more
> spam--that's fine.  But if they don't implement it and therefore we
> don't get their email--that's a problem.  Needless to say, this ties
> into the whole issue of incentives.

Of the million or so spams I receive every couple of days...I find that they
come from a variety of DNS registered, unregistered, reverse-DNS'd, bogus
HELO hostname, valid hostnames...sorts.

Spammers simply try everything...and the are much more educated about SMTP
filters and guidelines than most mail admins.  Mere compliance is not a
challenge for them though it does deter some activities...which still
results in a considerable amount of spam delivered anyway.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Seeking volunteers for C/R documentrs
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Date: Sun, 11 May 2003 09:57:59 -0700

At 07:26 PM 5/10/03 -0600, Vernon Schryver wrote:
[snip happens]
>
>By the way, which RFC contains the documentation of what we all know
>a "vacation" notice should and should not be?
>

I don't think there is such beast.

The closest thing I can recall is draft-moore-auto-email-response-01.txt,
which covered vacation amongst others, but I don't think it has gone 
through the complete RFC process yet.

Kieth is (or at least was) subscribed to this group.
He could probably be railroaded into participating on the C/R BCP document.


Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
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From: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>
To: eric@purespeed.com, paul.judge@ciphertrust.com, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Seeking volunteers for C/R documents (was: Washington Post:
 Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for )
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Date: Sun, 11 May 2003 11:16:08 -0600

>From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
>Sure, I'm in...it appears we have a small BoF that'll at least document 
>some
>of the issues with C/R as well as propose some potential standards

I'm afraid I won't be able to do much on this right now, as I have a 
deadline aproaching, but after the 16th I'll be ready to go full steam on 
whatever.

I propose that a new brainstorming thread be opened, then closed a week or 
so later.
Each idea should be in it's own post to the thread.
during this time no replys to the Ideas in this thread should be made. 
Instead, keep track of your suggestions and observations for the next stage.
Then a list and short summary of each idea should start another thread, in 
which replys can be made to each item in this list.

I think this method will bring a thourough and organised discusion of the 
problem, and everyone will be able to contribute to the end result.

Is this a good way to do things?
Does anyone have any other suggestions about how this should be done, or a 
suggestion for the best length of time for the brainstorming thread? I think 
it should close at some point so that we can progress to the discussion 
stage.

John Fenley


> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Paul
> > Judge
> > Sent: Saturday, May 10, 2003 10:06 AM
> > To: John Fenley; asrg@ietf.org
> > Subject: [Asrg] Seeking volunteers for C/R documents (was: Washington
> > Post: Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for )
> >
> >
> >
> > Yes, a BCP for designing and deploying C/R systems would be useful.
> > Additionally, a proposal for a C/R protocol would be useful. This would
> > permit interaction between different C/R systems and allow
> > integration into
> > MTAs and MUAs.
> >
> > Does anyone have a set of thoughts in either of these two directions 
>that
> > they would like to put together and move forward?
> >
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: John Fenley [mailto:pontifier@hotmail.com]
> > > Sent: Friday, May 09, 2003 12:16 PM
> > > To: asrg@ietf.org
> > > Subject: Re: [Asrg] Washington Post: Earthlink to Deploy a
> > > Challenge-Response System for
> > >
> > >
> > > Someone mentioned writing some guidelines for responsible
> > > Challenge/Response
> > > systems. Any chance we could officially ask Earthlink to hold
> > > off deployment
> > > for a month so we can get something together to guide them?
> > >
> > > Perhaps even a list of fatal flaws and suggested best
> > > practices would help.
> > >
> > > These are my suggestions for a beginning list of problems:
> > > 1. Avoid infinite loops.
> > > 2. Allow all Opt-in mail.
> > > 3. take steps to prevent spammer evolution.
> > > 4. Provide proof that the challenge is legitimate.
> > > 5. Avoid simple reply style challenges that are easy to
> > > autorespond to. 6. Use generous auto whitelisting. 7. support
> > > all types of  identity proofs including new ones. 8. Don't
> > > just delete everything that doesn't respond correctly, perhaps
> > > reward correct challenges by placing them at the top of the inbox.
> > >
> > > John Fenley
> > >
> > > _________________________________________________________________
> > > Help STOP SPAM with the new MSN 8 and get 2 months FREE*
> > > http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Asrg mailing list
> > > Asrg@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> > >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >
>

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Date: Sun, 11 May 2003 13:47:50 -0400

Take a look at this SlashDot story:

http://yro.slashdot.org/yro/03/05/11/1648253.shtml?tid=126&tid=111

which refers to this Oregonian article:

http://www.oregonlive.com/business/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/business/105256787116000.xml

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Subject: [Asrg] Re: News Article - CONFESSIONS OF A FORMER SPAMMER - text
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Date: Sun, 11 May 2003 13:54:27 -0400

Take a look at this SlashDot story:

http://yro.slashdot.org/yro/03/05/11/1648253.shtml?tid=126&tid=111

which refers to this Oregonian article:

http://www.oregonlive.com/business/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/business/105256787116000.xml

Here is the text of the article:

  ---[snip]-----
CONFESSIONS OF A FORMER SPAMMER
05/11/03
JEFFREY KOSSEFF

You probably don't know Duncan Shiels, but if you have an e-mail account, 
he may have sent you personal advice. Very personal advice.

VIAGRA, KICK START YOUR SEX LIFE NOW! . . . By clicking here, you can 
instantly access hundreds of the nation's top insurance companies . . . It 
enables people to burn more fat doing nothing.

Until late last year, Shiels was an e-mail spammer. The type demonized in 
every nook of American society. A prodigious Internet marketer, who from 
his Portland home sent up to 10 million unsolicited e-mail advertisements a 
day for other companies.

He said he made as much as $1,000 a week -- and could have raked in a lot 
more if he hadn't quit the business in October, six months after he 
started. The path to spamming success requires expensive investments in 
software and the agility to adjust to the technological warfare between 
spammers and companies that try to block their messages. It also requires 
the stamina to withstand daily hate mail and even death threats.

Shiels decided a spamming career wasn't worth the personal cost. But his 
story, which he agreed to share with The Oregonian, shows the challenge 
that consumer advocates and government leaders face as they try eradicate 
spam. The Oregon House on Tuesday unanimously passed anti-spam legislation. 
Most other states also have tackled the problem, but nobody seems to know 
how to solve it.
As the war on spam trods along, public frustration grows.

Even after installing software to filter spam, many e-mail users must wade 
through dozens of unwanted e-mail messages a day, which slows the 
fast-paced communications that made the Internet rise to prominence. Ferris 
Research estimates fighting and sorting through
spam will cost U.S. corporations $10 billion this year.

When lawmakers and companies fight spam, they're not up against teenage 
hobbyists and pranksters. They face thousands of pros like Shiels, who have 
high-tech tools and an immense network of knowledge that is difficult to 
overcome.

"All the little punks in their garage who are trying it are not getting 
anywhere," Shiels said. "The ones sending you all the stuff are the big 
boys, the ones who do it for a living."

The fast-talking ex-spammer, at a sturdy 6 feet, doesn't resemble the 
picture of an antisocial digital anarchist spamming from a dark basement. 
That's the image painted by legislators, Internet companies and frustrated 
e-mail users.

Duncan Shiels, 41, was raised in an upscale neighborhood in Portland's West 
Hills. Wide glasses, light brown hair and a neatly trimmed goatee frame a 
genial face. He left his hometown to become a Hollywood stuntman and then a 
police officer before returning five years ago as a budding Internet 
entrepreneur.

Entering a murky world In 1998, Shiels quit his patrol sergeant job at the 
Adelanto Police Department in Southern California and moved back home to 
Portland to start a full-time career in Web design, a hobby he had been 
dabbling in for five years.

He said he succeeded early on, with a small business that employed two 
other people. But Shiels saw business fall off in the past few years. 
Prices plunged because "everybody became a Web designer."

By early last year, he needed a new source of cash. He noticed about 100 
spam messages flooding his e-mail account each day. Instead of complaining 
about it, he wanted to learn how the anonymous salespeople earn a living. 
Someone is making money off this, he reasoned. Why shouldn't it be him?

He began a quest that would lead to a six-month career in spamming.

Shiels had never purchased anything advertised in a spam message, but he 
knew that some people must.
"It's just another form of advertising," he explained, laughing. "Granted, 
the stuff that's being sold, it's not very intriguing."
He'd heard enough complaints about spam from his friends, but he never 
understood them. The junk mail his mail carrier delivers bothers him much 
more, Shiels said.

"It costs money to be processed. And it's a waste of trees. It's intrusive 
as hell because you have to go through all of it. People don't get mad 
about that, and I don't understand why," he mused.

They do complain about spam.

Companies report that the average employee complains about spam to 
corporate information technology departments at least once a year, said 
Ferris Research, which tracks e-mail issues. Internet service providers 
also say they receive more complaints about spam than anything else.

When Shiels told his family and friends he was pursuing a career in spam, 
"they just laughed."
But Shiels has long been up for new career adventures.
A numbers game Consumer advocacy groups often define all unsolicited, 
usually commercial e-mail as spam, a reference to the Monty Python skit in 
which Vikings repeatedly and annoyingly shout "spam." But Shiels said the 
underground industry balks at the stigmatic moniker. Those who send spam, 
he said, refer to it as "bulk e-mail."

Like most serious bulk e-mailers, Shiels didn't immediately begin sending 
advertisements. He researched the industry for five months before sending 
his first e-mail message.

The learning process was tough. After weeks of online searches, Shiels 
found the entry point -- online clubs for spammers. The Internet bulletin 
boards, which charge membership fees, allow "bulk e-mail" entrepreneurs to 
exchange information on clients who need people to send bulk ads via 
e-mail, software that helps them send it and tips for getting spam around 
filters (the enemy) and onto recipients' screens (the moneymaker).

As with most cases in the seedy world of bulk online advertising, many spam 
clubs aren't "legitimate," Shiels said. But he found two that offered many 
business leads and spamming tools.

"There's a lot of people in there that are generous to help you out and 
give you information based on their experience," he said. "But you have to 
probe it."

Shiels slowly gained the anonymous spamming gurus' trust.

He even spoke on the phone with some, though Shiels noted "they won't 
usually give you their real name."
Many were software developers or, like him, longtime Web designers familiar 
with the Internet's intricacies.

In the spam club, he encountered companies looking for people to send 
e-mail about their products, including loans, insurance offers and the 
prescription drug Viagra and similar products.

Many online pornography companies seek spammers, but Shiels said he didn't 
even consider hawking porn.
"I didn't do any adult stuff because I don't believe in that," Shiels said. 
"I have a 7-year-old boy."

The response rate is extremely low: One-tenth of a percentage point is 
considered wildly successful, Shiels and spam experts agree. For spammers, 
that's made up for by the ability to send millions of e-mails a day and the 
relatively generous commissions.
Viagra distributors pay spammers per sale -- about $60 for every $150 order 
-- while financial companies typically pay for every consumer who requests 
more information -- as much as $12 for mortgage leads and as much as $5 for 
insurance referrals, Shiels said.
"It's a numbers game," Shiels said.

With a few computers, that numbers game becomes easy to play. Shiels met 
people in the spam club who had as many as 15 computers sending hundreds of 
millions of messages a day, increasing their chances of snaring sales and 
referral payouts.
The numbers game also explains the rapidly growing number of spam messages. 
The University of Oregon's computing department said it blocks about 25,000 
spam messages a day.

According to Jupiter Research, the average U.S. e-mail recipient received 
669 spam messages in 2000. That figure, which includes home and business 
accounts, surged to 2,278 last year, and Jupiter expects it to reach 2,551 
this year.
Ready, set, spam Armed with swaths of information, Shiels purchased four 
computers and two cable-modem connections, which soon were running above 
full capacity with only about six hours of rest each day. But that was just 
the beginning of the investments.
He spent about $10,000 on software to harvest e-mail addresses, to disguise 
his online identity and to send millions of messages a day.

Shiels would not reveal the companies that make the proprietary software, 
and he said they are difficult to track down. They only accepted payments 
through wire transfers, Shiels said.

"I could tell you the name right now, and you wouldn't be able to find 
them," he said.
Shiels described the complex technology that keeps spammers ahead of those 
who try to stifle them, and The Oregonian verified his technical 
explanations with experts from the University of Oregon; InboxCop.com, a 
Portland company that makes spam filters; and spamhouse.org, one of the 
nation's most prominent anti-spam Web sites.

Even those in the underground spamming world who say they abide by the law 
desire complete anonymity. Anti-spam Web sites list information about 
spammers, and vigilantes reportedly have threatened and harassed them.
Understanding Shiels' software is key to understanding why spam is so 
difficult to fight.

His most basic program coordinates the four computers and enables them to 
send thousands of e-mail messages a minute, culling e-mail addresses from 
one database and sending them messages he designed.
But to send e-mail, he needed addresses of recipients. Another program 
harvests e-mail addresses from Web sites. That's why people with e-mail 
addresses listed on public Web pages will likely receive floods of spam.

Besides scanning Web pages for e-mail addresses, it also searches Internet 
newsgroups -- public bulletin boards. And it automatically deletes 
addresses that have such phrases as "info" and "service," those that likely 
don't immediately bounce to an actual person. It also tests for unpublished 
addresses by combining user names -- the portions of e-mail addresses 
before the @ symbol -- with domain names of other addresses.

To get started, Shiels also paid colleagues from the spammer clubs for a 
list of e-mail addresses. Ten million addresses cost about $1,200, he said.
"There are people in the industry that sell addresses and there are people 
that send, and they're usually never combined because both are full-time 
jobs," Shiels said.
He said he shot out as many as 10 million messages in one day, often 
reusing addresses.

"The idea is it's just like a commercial," Shiels said. "You don't just 
send it to one address once. You send it to one address five or six times. 
Do commercials only come on once? You get the same crap in your e-mail more 
than once. You have to bombard the person."
With the sending software installed and configured properly, Shiels never 
even had to hit the "send" button. The computers automatically pulled 
e-mail addresses from the Web and sent messages about 18 hours a day.

Because the hyperactivity caused a crash about every other day, Shiels 
monitored the computers all day. But his larger job was staying in touch 
with the companies that employed him and making sure his software was 
updated enough to dodge spam filters.
Clogging the filters Spam filtering software is the most oft-used tool in 
the fight against bulk e-mail. It creates blacklists of millions of e-mail 
addresses that send spam, as well as the Internet addresses of the 
computers where spam originates.

Just as in an arms war, though, professional spammers counterattack.

Even with the sending and harvesting software in place, Shiels shelled out 
thousands more dollars for two other programs, which disguised him and 
helped prevent filters from blocking his messages.

Without them, recipients easily could have reported Shiels to his Internet 
service provider, which may have shut down his Internet connection. Even if 
he stayed online, spam filters would quickly blacklist his Internet address.

One piece of software searched for and directed his computers to "open 
proxies," unguarded computers that enabled anyone from the outside to send 
mail through them. Often outside of the United States, open proxies made 
Shiels anonymous, because the spam appeared to be originating in those 
computers, even though it was only passing through.

Every piece of e-mail carries a header, which specifies the message's path, 
from sender to recipient. When spammers use open proxies, the messages 
appear to be originating from the off-shore computers, not from the spammers.

But filtering software companies have cataloged hundreds of thousands of 
open proxies throughout the world and have created programs to block e-mail 
that comes directly from them. So once Shiels masked his messages through 
open proxies, he used another program to find "open relays," the messages' 
last stop before reaching a recipient.

Relay servers exist on all e-mail systems, and they route messages to the 
proper address within a company. But some insecure relays are left "open," 
enabling anyone from the outside to send messages through them to any other 
outside address.
Companies soon shut down open relays, but so many exist that the software 
rotates them quickly.

"I know this all sounds like you're hiding yourself and doing this 
illegitimately, but the reason you have to do it is everybody tries to shut 
you down," Shiels said.
And with such software programs, it became more difficult for filter 
programs to block e-mail messages.

"You can talk about these people that come out with spam filters," Shiels 
said. "They're going to come out with something that will limit it to a 
degree, but then the bulk e-mailers are just going to counteract. It's a 
war is what it is. That's why the software is so expensive."
Playing by the law Even amid the spam war, Shiels said, he went out of his 
way to comply with the various antispam laws.
"Legal" spamming was more time consuming, he said, because it required him 
to obey all requests to stop sending spam. But it didn't reduce the amount 
of money he received.

At the end of each e-mail message, he included a link to an address 
customers could e-mail if they want to be removed from the database. Some 
state laws require such options.

Shiels maintained hundreds of e-mail accounts that received the removal 
requests. Some spammers, he said, use the removal requests as proof that 
those addresses reach real people and increase the spam. But Shiels entered 
each address into his database for removal.
"It gets filtered down to finally where you'd have to get new e-mail 
addresses," Shiels said.

And he also avoided sending misleading subject lines, a violation of some 
states' laws, including the one being considered in Oregon. Some spammers 
send messages with such titles as "Hey, I haven't heard from you in a 
while," even though the message advertises Viagra or pornography. But 
Shiels alluded to the product in every subject line. For example, a Viagra 
e-mail would carry a title such as "Make her happy, she'll love you forever."

Shiels knew that if a subject line included the word "viagra," a filter 
would quickly block the e-mail or the recipient wouldn't open it.
"I tried to be creative -- ads that related to the product without 
divulging the product," Shiels said.

He designed many of the e-mail messages, drawing on his Web development 
background, though some of the companies requested he send their templates. 
His e-mail sending software cycled through about 30 subject lines and about 
20 message designs for each product.

Lawmakers continue to pursue legislation that would make it more difficult 
for spammers to do their jobs. But Shiels doesn't think they would have had 
any effect on him.

The Oregon bill would prohibit spammers from forging their e-mail 
addresses, which Shiels never did. It also would forbid deceptive subject 
lines, which Shiels never used.

It does require spammers to begin subject lines with the "ADV:" code, but 
Shiels doesn't think that law would be enforceable unless he had any way of 
knowing the recipient is in Oregon. And critics say the law allows people 
to sue spammers who don't use ADV: only for as much as $10, so some critics 
say the law would bring little action.

Canning the spam Once the software was set up and he began to perfect his 
game of dodge-the-filter, Shiels was making a comfortable living with spam, 
though the work was tough.

"I would say it's the hardest thing I ever tried to do," Shiels said. 
"Becoming a cop, that's instinctive. That's knowledge, and if you don't 
have some of the natural instincts, you're not going to pull it off. But 
this is an ever-changing evolutionary problem."
And he knew that if he added more computers and software, he could make 
even more than $1,000 a week. Other members of the spam club told him that 
they made upward of $10,000 a week, he said.

But he couldn't ignore the hundreds of daily e-mail messages that came into 
his e-mail accounts. Unlike the ones he sent, these were quite personalized.
The messages were filled with expletives, and some even threatened his 
life, he said. One man obtained his phone number and called, threatening 
legal action about five times, Shiels said.

"There's people who sit in their basements and have nothing better to do 
than get all upset about spam," Shiels said.
Still, he couldn't ignore them. In fact, they helped sway him out of the 
business.
"I realized I didn't like to sell anything that nobody wants or needs or 
despises," he said. "I started to realize people just hate this so much."

Shiels wanted to exit the spam world, and he discovered a perfect out.
A partner in his old Web development business also had dabbled in the 
medical equipment sales business. Because of changes to some state laws, 
defibrillator sales are on the rise.

So he created and began maintaining an e-commerce Web site, 
www.defibworld.com, on which they sell the devices worldwide.
He realizes that he probably could spread the word of his site more quickly 
by sending bulk e-mail, but he won't. Any spam mentioning his site, he 
said, would result in complaints that would force his service provider to 
shut it down. But he has other reasons for not using his spamming equipment.

"Bulk e-mail has the stigma of being trash," he said. "That I don't want to 
associate with a legitimate business."

  Jeffrey Kosseff: 503-294-7605; jeffkosseff@news.oregonian.com

Copyright 2003 Oregon Live. All Rights Reserved.

---[snip]----

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Seeking volunteers for C/R documents (was:
  Washington Post:  Earthlink to Deploy a Challenge-Response System for )
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>> > -----Original Message-----
>> > From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Paul
>> > Judge
>> >
>> > Yes, a BCP for designing and deploying C/R systems would be useful.
>> > Additionally, a proposal for a C/R protocol would be useful. This would
>> > permit interaction between different C/R systems and allow
>> > integration into
>> > MTAs and MUAs.
>> >
>> > Does anyone have a set of thoughts in either of these two directions that
>> > they would like to put together and move forward?
>> >

MailBlocks, Inc. (www.mailblocks.com) claims to have patents on C/R systems 
for stopping spam AND they sued Earthlink and other companies for use of 
C/R according to a New York Times article 
(http://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/08/business/08SPAM.html):

---[quotes]----
"A Silicon Valley start-up yesterday sued EarthLink, the big Internet 
service provider, saying that EarthLink's latest technology to block 
unwanted e-mail marketing, or spam, violates two of the start-up's patents."

"MailBlocks, which is based in Los Altos, Calif., has been granted two 
patents related to its method of verifying senders, a technology called 
challenge response."

"MailBlocks, in fact, had already filed suit against three companies — Spam 
Arrest of Seattle, DigiPortal Software of Sanford, Fla., and MailFrontier 
of Palo Alto, Calif."
---[quotes]----

Section 10.3.2 of RFC 2026 states as follows:

----[snip]----

10.3.2. Standards Track Documents
    (A)  Where any patents, patent applications, or other proprietary
       rights are known, or claimed, with respect to any specification on
       the standards track, and brought to the attention of the IESG, the
       IESG shall not advance the specification without including in the
       document a note indicating the existence of such rights, or
       claimed rights.  Where implementations are required before
       advancement of a specification, only implementations that have, by
       statement of the implementors, taken adequate steps to comply with
       any such rights, or claimed rights, shall be considered for the
       purpose of showing the adequacy of the specification.
----[snip]----

Now we are not creating documents on the standards track but nevertheless, 
I think we need to clarify the patents/intellectual rights issues 
surrounding C/R systems. Perhaps we should solicit a comment from 
MailBlocks and the IRTF/IETF?

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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Date: Sun, 11 May 2003 15:52:30 -0400


>From: Mike Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>
>
>mr>Hmm, perhaps "rate limiter" was too strong a word.  I only meant that RMX
>mr>gives admins the ability to deploy a safety valve, when and where they
>mr>want to.  As a user, I would appreciate such a thing, just as I appreciate
>mr>it when my credit card company double-checks before approving an
>mr>unusually-large purchase.  Nobody's proposing that we start imposing some
>mr>arbitrary limits on people's ability to send legitimate email.
>
>ys> How would such safety valve work? The admin contacts the user, or looks a
>ys> the outbound SMTP traffic?
>
>I was thinking along the lines of contacting the user with a
>message like this:
>
>------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>     Dear customer,
>
>     We apologize for this intrusion.
>
>     Our systems indicate that your computer attempted to send a large
>     number of emails over the last ten minutes.  Because unusually
>     large volumes of outbound email sometimes indicate the presence of
>     a computer virus, we wanted to check with you before proceeding.
>
>     These and further emails will be placed in a temporary
>     quarantine while we await your instructions.  We respect your
>     privacy, and will not read or otherwise disclose the messages
>     without your permission.
>
>     Please call (800) 123-4567 at your earliest convenience so that
>     we may process your request without further delay.  We appreciate
>     your business and look forward to serving you again in the future.
>
>                        --Your friendly email service providers
>
>     To change your notification settings, please go to:
>     https://www.exampleisp.com/my_account_settings/web_form.php
>
>------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>A well-designed safety valve might be a feature worth advertising to
>customers; it has perceived value and helps reduce spam.  Think back to
>the credit card analogy again--unusual behavior alerts are billed as
>something of value to the customer, while at the same time reducing losses
>for the company.  Of course, the admins must be careful to avoid imposing,
>hence "large number of emails" and time period will be different for each
>user.  They should be given reasonable default values, and the
>notification limits could even be changed by the users themselves, as
>indicated by the secure web link in the example above.
>
>It is in this sense that I believe RMX (Danisch) and RMX-like proposals
>(Vixie, Fecyk) have the ability to limit the spam effect of poorly-secured
>desktop machines.
>
>Mike

In the same vain, we can also have some tool look at outbound email at 
alert the user with a similar message when too many "spam-like" emails go 
through. Some kind of an outbound spam filter, although I am not aware of 
any in existence.

Yakov

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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> Take a look at this SlashDot story:
> http://yro.slashdot.org/yro/03/05/11/1648253.shtml?tid=126&tid=111

a couple of quotes from the article:

 > The response rate is extremely low: One-tenth of a percentage point is
 > considered wildly successful, Shiels and spam experts agree. For
 > spammers, that's made up for by the ability to send millions of
 > e-mails a day and the relatively generous commissions.
 > ...
 > Viagra distributors pay spammers per sale -- about $60 for every $150
 > order -- while financial companies typically pay for every consumer
 > who requests more information -- as much as $12 for mortgage leads and
 > as much as $5 for insurance referrals, Shiels said.
 > ...
 > Playing by the law Even amid the spam war, Shiels said, he went out of
 > his way to comply with the various antispam laws.
 > ...
 > Lawmakers continue to pursue legislation that would make it more
 > difficult for spammers to do their jobs. But Shiels doesn't think they
 > would have had any effect on him.

I think that if legislation were to help in the fight, it's not the 
spammers that we need to be fining, but the people who are advertising 
via the spam.

After all, it's these companies whose goods are being advertised via 
spam. The spammers may be making commissions, but it's the companies 
who're the ones profitting from the sales. If the anti-spam laws said 
that a company could be fined for selling via unsolicited email, and the 
fines were (say) double the price of whatever they were selling, the 
companies would soon stop advertising that way.

Ok, blast away. I'm sure there're lots of holes. :-)

	Tony Hansen
	tony@att.com

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Date: Sun, 11 May 2003 16:28:15 -0400

I finally found the actual patents, they are discussed in this story:

http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/business/columnists/mike_langberg/5565050.htm

According to the story both patents are currently owned by MailBlocks, Inc. 
The patent numbers are US# 6,199,102, filed August 26, 1997 and issued 
March 6, 2001; and US # 6,112,227, filed on  August 6, 1998 and issued 
August 29, 2000. Both patents can be looked up at the website of the US 
Patents and Trademarks Office (http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/srchnum.htm).

Abstract of patent #  6,199,102:

A method is provided for preventing the delivery of unwanted electronic 
mail messages to a destination client. An original electronic mail message 
is first received from a source client at a destination server. Next, a 
reply electronic mail message is sent from the destination server to the 
source client requesting the source client to complete a registration 
process to register the source client's electronic mail address with the 
destination server. The original electronic mail message is only sent from 
the destination server to the destination client when the source client 
properly registers the source client's electronic mail address.

Abstract of patent # 6,112,227:

A method is provided for preventing the delivery of unwanted electronic 
mail messages to a destination client. An original electronic mail message 
is first received from a source client at a destination server. Next, a 
reply electronic mail message is sent from the destination server to the 
source client requesting the source client to complete a registration 
process to register the source client's electronic mail address with the 
destination server. The original electronic mail message is only sent from 
the destination server to the destination client when the source client 
properly registers the source client's electronic mail address.

The second one seems to cover all C/R systems and that's what MailBlocks 
claims in the news article.

Yakov


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Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
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"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
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Date: Sun, 11 May 2003 16:23:43 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>

> ....
> http://www.oregonlive.com/business/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/business/105256787116000.xml

While reading that article, remember that sort of spammer is more than
anything else a pathological lier that cannot tell the truth, but that
thinks that it can always fool all of the world all of the time.
Nothing in that article is novel to anyone who has a few technical
clues, has seen some spam, and thought about tactics for pumping it
out.  Every bit has been mentioned many times in the favorite newsgroup
of spammers (and spammer fighters), news.admin.net-abuse.email.  It's
hard to say which of his statements in that article are partly true
and which are pure nonsense.  I suspect there is wishful thinking in
some of the technical bits.
 
You might learn about liers and lying by listen to that sort of spammer
(if he's really a spammer and not a wannabe), but you won't learn
anything about spam that you can't find from far more reliable sources.



    ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]


] From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>

] ....
] Section 10.3.2 of RFC 2026 states as follows:

] ...
]
] Now we are not creating documents on the standards track but nevertheless, 
] I think we need to clarify the patents/intellectual rights issues 
] surrounding C/R systems. Perhaps we should solicit a comment from 
] MailBlocks and the IRTF/IETF?

RFC 2026 is not binding on non-participants.  It's not even clear how
binding it is on participants.  Consider the court battle over the
Rambus patents.  See http://www.google.com/search?q=rambus+court



   }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}


} From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>

} ...
} In the same vain, we can also have some tool look at outbound email at 
} alert the user with a similar message when too many "spam-like" emails go 
} through. Some kind of an outbound spam filter, although I am not aware of 
} any in existence.

Several recent statements seem to suggest that ISPs can easily look
at the outbound email of their customers.  That is true only of users
that do not send much email of any sort, spam or not, because they
use the sending MTAs of ISPs.

It's not impossible to sample some of the mail of users who buy
raw IP bandwidth and run their own sending SMTP clients, but it's
not exactly easy.  You can can use packet snoopers or SMTP interception
proxies, but only if your terms of service allow (lest you violate
federal law) and only if your users don't use use SMTP-TLS with
properly shared certificates.

At least one well known ISP was at least at one time using a private
set of DCC servers and clients to detect unauthorized outbound bulk
mail and automatically squelch it in mid-spew.  That works only when
the mail is funnelled through the ISP's computers.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R patents
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I am by no means a patent expert, however, I do know that a patent can be
disputed if one can prove that an invention was created by someone else
before the patent was sought.  There are no shortage of frivilous lawsuits
regarding Internet standards.

I believe TMDA derived from C/R software dating back to almost 1995 and that
other variances of C/R have existed.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Yakov
> Shafranovich
> Sent: Sunday, May 11, 2003 4:28 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] C/R patents
>
>
> I finally found the actual patents, they are discussed in this story:
>
> http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/business/columnists
> /mike_langberg/5565050.htm
>
> According to the story both patents are currently owned by
> MailBlocks, Inc.
> The patent numbers are US# 6,199,102, filed August 26, 1997 and issued
> March 6, 2001; and US # 6,112,227, filed on  August 6, 1998 and issued
> August 29, 2000. Both patents can be looked up at the website of the US
> Patents and Trademarks Office
> (http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/srchnum.htm).
>
> Abstract of patent #  6,199,102:
>
> A method is provided for preventing the delivery of unwanted electronic
> mail messages to a destination client. An original electronic
> mail message
> is first received from a source client at a destination server. Next, a
> reply electronic mail message is sent from the destination server to the
> source client requesting the source client to complete a registration
> process to register the source client's electronic mail address with the
> destination server. The original electronic mail message is only
> sent from
> the destination server to the destination client when the source client
> properly registers the source client's electronic mail address.
>
> Abstract of patent # 6,112,227:
>
> A method is provided for preventing the delivery of unwanted electronic
> mail messages to a destination client. An original electronic
> mail message
> is first received from a source client at a destination server. Next, a
> reply electronic mail message is sent from the destination server to the
> source client requesting the source client to complete a registration
> process to register the source client's electronic mail address with the
> destination server. The original electronic mail message is only
> sent from
> the destination server to the destination client when the source client
> properly registers the source client's electronic mail address.
>
> The second one seems to cover all C/R systems and that's what MailBlocks
> claims in the news article.
>
> Yakov
>
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------
> ---------------------------------
> Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
> SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
> ------------------------------------------------------------------
> ---------------------------------
> "One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
> the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
> ------------------------------------------------------------------
> ---------------------------------
>
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Subject: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
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Per the request to put together ideas regarding C/R systems below is a brief
inventory of some possible areas for a C/R standardization effort.  I'm not
advocating standardization of any of these...but rather identifying areas
that to some are obvious.  The MUST, SHALLs, and MAY's can follow later:

There are a few general components to C/R or any email system
1) Message receipt:
-Permit: Whitelist sender, message scoring...automatically delivers to
user's Inbox
-Drop: Blacklist, message scoring...drops message
-Pend: Hold message in queue for further C/R validation

2) Sender Challenge
-Sender name: Should the original sender's name be sent in the reply to of a
challenge message or should a common name be used.  For examples, bounces
use <>.  C/R systems might avoid C/R loops using a convention.
-Subject header: Should the original subject header be preserved or a new
subject header be sent.  C/R systems might avoid C/R loops using a
convention.
-Actions: Should a sender be allowed to merely confirm or can they also
report that they did not originate the message..or possibly report to an
authority
-Challenge Bounce: There are a variety of SMTP errors that can be
returned...should some be considered to result in an automatic message drop?
Blacklisting a sender may result in a later valid user actual taking that
user namespace.

3) List Detection
-Sender Header: What methods other than the sender header should be used to
detect a mailing list thus disabling C/R messages?

4) Sender Response
-HTTP: Are there recommended methods for producing verification URLs?
Certainly they should be unguessable.  Should they have a short TTL or have
a persistent convention?
-Access Codes: Should a barely legible, anti-bot access code also be
supplied?
-SMTP: Should SMTP responses be supported?


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R patents
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Date: Sun, 11 May 2003 16:51:19 -0700

At 04:28 PM 5/11/03 -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>I finally found the actual patents ...
>

This link searches the archives of this group for that information;
http://search.gmane.org/search.php?query=challenge+patents&group=gmane.ietf.asrg

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
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Date: Sun, 11 May 2003 20:35:10 -0400

I am not a big fan of software or business method patents so I am not 
really planning on defending these people. However, what you are referring 
you is known as "prior art". The problem with patents is that a patent is 
presumed valid once issued and must be challenged through the court system 
in order to invalidate it. Now, MailBlocks, seems to be "trigger happy" 
about suing people and I thought that the group should be aware of the 
patents and their owner's litigious behavior.

The question is if there are possible patents involved even though there 
might be prior art in place, who is willing to go ahead and sue the owners? 
And in regards to ourselves, will the possible legal liability or licensing 
fees, make companies and admins think twice before installing any kind of 
C/R system?

Just some thoughts,
Yakov

>From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
>
>I am by no means a patent expert, however, I do know that a patent can be
>disputed if one can prove that an invention was created by someone else
>before the patent was sought.  There are no shortage of frivilous lawsuits
>regarding Internet standards.
>
>I believe TMDA derived from C/R software dating back to almost 1995 and that
>other variances of C/R have existed.
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Yakov
> > Shafranovich
> > Sent: Sunday, May 11, 2003 4:28 PM
> > To: asrg@ietf.org
> > Subject: [Asrg] C/R patents
> >
> >
> > I finally found the actual patents, they are discussed in this story:
> >
> > http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/business/columnists
> > /mike_langberg/5565050.htm
> >
> > According to the story both patents are currently owned by
> > MailBlocks, Inc.
> > The patent numbers are US# 6,199,102, filed August 26, 1997 and issued
> > March 6, 2001; and US # 6,112,227, filed on  August 6, 1998 and issued
> > August 29, 2000. Both patents can be looked up at the website of the US
> > Patents and Trademarks Office
> > (http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/srchnum.htm).
> >
> > Abstract of patent #  6,199,102:
> >
> > A method is provided for preventing the delivery of unwanted electronic
> > mail messages to a destination client. An original electronic
> > mail message
> > is first received from a source client at a destination server. Next, a
> > reply electronic mail message is sent from the destination server to the
> > source client requesting the source client to complete a registration
> > process to register the source client's electronic mail address with the
> > destination server. The original electronic mail message is only
> > sent from
> > the destination server to the destination client when the source client
> > properly registers the source client's electronic mail address.
> >
> > Abstract of patent # 6,112,227:
> >
> > A method is provided for preventing the delivery of unwanted electronic
> > mail messages to a destination client. An original electronic
> > mail message
> > is first received from a source client at a destination server. Next, a
> > reply electronic mail message is sent from the destination server to the
> > source client requesting the source client to complete a registration
> > process to register the source client's electronic mail address with the
> > destination server. The original electronic mail message is only
> > sent from
> > the destination server to the destination client when the source client
> > properly registers the source client's electronic mail address.
> >
> > The second one seems to cover all C/R systems and that's what MailBlocks
> > claims in the news article.
> >
> > Yakov
> >

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>From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
>
>At 04:28 PM 5/11/03 -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> >I finally found the actual patents ...
> >
>
>This link searches the archives of this group for that information;
>http://search.gmane.org/search.php?query=challenge+patents&group=gmane.ietf.asrg
>
>Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>

Thank you very much for the links, I was not aware of any search feature 
that allows us to search the archives and did not know about your earlier 
messages about these patents. Once again, thanks (original messages 
included below).

The question still remains even with prior art, who is willing to sue 
MailBlocks to get these patents invalidated? Plus how long will the process 
take if MailBlocks is willing to go all the way to Supreme Court? On the 
other hand are these patents enforceable outside the US?

----------------
Subject: Not again - another challenge/response patent
From: jm <at> jmason.org
Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 13:00:17 -0800
Newsgroups: gmane.ietf.asrg

This is ridiculous. Yet another bloody challenge-response patent. :(
http://about.mailblocks.com/press_0324_2003.html
   ...  The Mailblocks service, available today, uses its patented technology
   to eliminate spam ...
It's a simple challenge-response system.  Nothing exciting or innovative
involved, as far as I can see.  I can't find any patents in the uspto
database though.  FYI,
--j.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: Scott Nelson <scott <at> spamwolf.com>
Date: Fri, 02 May 2003 10:52:54 -0700
At 10:31 AM 5/2/03 -0400, Ken Hirsch wrote:

[snip happens]
 >IV. CHALLENGE-RESPONSE
 >

Mailblocks holds and is enforcing two patents on challenge response.
(US 6,199,102 and US 6,112,227)
This doesn't kill the idea entirely, but I do think it's bad form to
require something that uses patented technology without at least
mentioning the patent.

P.S.
I Hope the pending lawsuit will make this point moot.
Shameless plug for my take on the subject, and a plea for more prior art;
    http://www.spamwolf.com/patents/

Scott Nelson <scott <at> spamwolf.com>

-------------------------------------------------
Subject: RE: New take on emerging idea.
From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker <at> verisign.com>
Date: Mon, 7 Apr 2003 12:35:53 -0700
Newsgroups: gmane.ietf.asrg

That is equally clueless since there is prior art to 1992 when the
challenge/response was used at MIT for the Clinton/Gore 92 Online Campaign.
However it is one of those cases where a patent does have a positive
social value by eliminating a technology that needs elimination.
Phill

------------------------------------------------

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I would have to say
a) We really don't know if we will "originate" anything here...maybe the
final product will deviate considerably from the issued patent..won't know
until we try
b) Intellectual property is not a new issue for the IETF.  There are many
big named vendors that wind up playing nice with their own components.  I
would have to ask the chair here to go up the chain and ask how such an
effort might impact our work.

You'd think my annual dues would mean that the IETF have some big name
lawyers on staff 8-)

> The question is if there are possible patents involved even though there
> might be prior art in place, who is willing to go ahead and sue
> the owners?
> And in regards to ourselves, will the possible legal liability or
> licensing
> fees, make companies and admins think twice before installing any kind of
> C/R system?


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
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On Sunday, May 11, 2003 11:50 AM, Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine 
[SMTP:brunner@nic-naa.net] wrote:
8<...>8
> As a research inquery, are the response times of these two systems capable
> of making one interact (negatively, in case anyone is wondering) with the
> other? Is it possible to construct a covert channel between these two
> distinct communications realms?
...
I think there is always a 'way' to perform such interactions, and a methodology 
to establish a covert channel.  The question would be where and whether that 
channel or other communication would be susceptible to other disruptions (that 
is unless the channel was 'out of band' with other communications).

> Would the question be significantly altered if the registries provisioned
> was defined by decimal values, rather than character sequences, ignoring the
> syntax rules for each data type?

I am not sure I follow that question.  I don't think a character or decimal 
representation would present an issue in the case of an registries system 
independent evaluation of the date set (which is what I think you are 
proposing).  Is that what you mean?

-e
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cc: "'Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine'" <brunner@nic-naa.net>,
        Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "Asrg@ietf.org" <Asrg@ietf.org>, brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 11 May 2003 22:09:39 EDT."
             <01C3180C.274FA0F0.eric@infobro.com> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Mon, 12 May 2003 03:50:56 -0400

The point of the first question, capability of signalling, is that if impossible,
then the question of whether there is a role for registrars is answered in the
negative, for spam. For spammers (trace), signalling is not an issue.

The point of asking if data types matter, is that one set of registries are
provisioned (allow write access with some authentication and validity check
by multile actors to some authoritative store) with character data typed data
(domain names), another set with decimal data typed data (addresses). Each is
input to distinct publication systems. Differences in the pro formas for each
are not essential, except where they present latency of response, and may be
the root cause for an incapability of signalling.

Clearly each disjoint instance of authority for a publication of a resource
of either type is capable of responding meaningfully to notice of initial
discovery of a source of spam.

Is there any benefit to making it possible for these disjoint instances of
authority to be aware of their responces to notice of initial discovery of
a source of spam?

This is a possible application of something I've been working on.

Eric
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Subject: RE: Fwd: [Asrg] How many legitimate SMTP servers?
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-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Scott
Nelson
Sent: 09 May 2003 17:17
To: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Fwd: [Asrg] How many legitimate SMTP servers?


At 08:37 PM 5/8/03 -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>
>>From: "Ken Hirsch" <kenhirsch@myself.com>
>>
>>Does anybody have an idea of how many legitimate SMTP servers there are?
>>That is SMTP servers that are not used primarily for spam, have a static
IP
>>address, and have been active in the last, say, 12 months.
>
>These might be a starting point:
>
>http://cr.yp.to/surveys.html
>http://www.isc.org/ds/
>

From the first link, I see that on 2001-10-03,
D. J. Bernstein estimates over 4 million
 (estimate made from a sample of 1 million random IPs)
42% ran some flavor of sendmail,
17% ran Microsoft Exchange or IIS.
17% ran qmail
(there were others, see the original survey)

His methodology looks good, I trust these numbers were reasonably
accurate in 2001-10-03.  That was over 18 months ago,
a long time in internet years, but I think they probably haven't
changed all that much since then.

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
-----------------------------------------------------

I think "probably haven't changed all that much" is a bit suspect.  We can
expect the trends reported by DB to have continued.  So for example if the
decline in sendmail continued over the last 18 months as it had over the
previous couple of tears we should expect it to represent maybe 35% now.
The proportion of hosts that respond on port 45 had increased - why
shouldn't it have increased again?  The hostcount reports (for example those
from RIPE) indicate a considerable increase in the number of hosts over the
18 months since DB's last survey (continuing a long-standing trend) so we
might expect to see something over 5 million SMTP servers instead of
something over 4 million.

Of course we then have a second problem: DB's figures are for servers which
receive mail on port 25, while the original query was for servers that
transmit mail on port 25. These are not the same servers so the numbers may
not be right (far more transmit than receive, I think).

Tom

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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine'" <brunner@nic-naa.net>
Cc: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "Asrg@ietf.org"
	 <Asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
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On Monday, May 12, 2003 3:51 AM, Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine 
[SMTP:brunner@nic-naa.net] wrote:
> The point of the first question, capability of signalling, is that if
> impossible, then the question of whether there is a role for registrars
> is answered in the negative, for spam. For spammers (trace), signalling
> is not an issue.

Yes, I agree.

> The point of asking if data types matter, is that one set of registries are
> provisioned (allow write access with some authentication and validity check
> by multile actors to some authoritative store) with character data typed data
> (domain names), another set with decimal data typed data (addresses). Each is
> input to distinct publication systems. Differences in the pro formas for each
> are not essential, except where they present latency of response, and may be
> the root cause for an incapability of signalling.

I did not know the systems were disjoint.  If the pro formas are not essential
to your proposal, then I think it is a matter of determining the cause and
remedy to the latency issue.  Is latency affected by input serialization or
blocking?  Is it arbitration? If that is the case then it may be unworkable.
Could you possibly expand on where latency is introduced into the system?  I
can see (I surmise) where the signaling is an issue with respect to arbitration
where I am not clear is whether that presents a significant hurdle unless tied 
to
other disjoint systems or processes.  Is there a treatment of this where I can 
get
more information?

> Clearly each disjoint instance of authority for a publication of a resource
> of either type is capable of responding meaningfully to notice of initial
> discovery of a source of spam.

That seems reasonable, given adequate (or workable) notification to that 
system.
It may not be workable however due to (what you may be referring to above
ref. latency) the required cache convergence at other points in the system.

> Is there any benefit to making it possible for these disjoint instances of
> authority to be aware of their responces to notice of initial discovery of
> a source of spam?

It may be, by my thinking.  However, I must admit this will take a little more
research on my part for a fuller understanding of the system.  In any event if
a channel that is sufficiently timely can be implemented, its properties should
include some notification periodicity such that issues of latency can be 
reduced.

> This is a possible application of something I've been working on.

I would like to hear more.

-e
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Subject: [Asrg] C/R Statistics
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Here are some sender count statistics...not message counts...within a small
production system.  These are the number of senders and their current
states.  The number of messages passed/blocked are much greater.

maverix=# select sender_method,count(*) from maverix_senders group by
sender_method;

 sender_method |  count
---------------+---------
 AdminAction   |       67
 UserBlocked   |    31012
 BounceBlocked |   434796
 SelfVerified  |     4254
 UserVerified  |     8123

1) Sometimes, an Admin has to correct a black or whitelisted sender
2) Users add to their own blacklist.
3) We auto-block a lot of spam by receiving an SMTP error: unknown user
4) Senders do respond to C/R.
5) Users also verify a sender more often than a sender responds to C/R

As I mentioed, the probing is of more value than C/R

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To: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
cc: "'Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine'" <brunner@nic-naa.net>,
        Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "Asrg@ietf.org" <Asrg@ietf.org>, brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Assume perfect knowledge by domain registry provisioners, so what? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 12 May 2003 11:06:41 EDT."
             <01C31879.78EB45A0.eric@infobro.com> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Mon, 12 May 2003 13:00:05 -0400

Each registry is disjoint, any exchange of data between two are either via
a policy body, e.g., registries constituency (cc or g) within ICANN, via a
community of interests, e.g., registries within the CDNC, or "accidentally"
via overlapping registrars (some registrars are registries, and vica versa).

It is an exercise left to the reader to determin the upper bounds for delay
for data nominally concerning "spam" to go from the .kr registry operator to
the joker.com .com registrar, or reverse, to take to examples simply for the
purpose of using well-known practitioners of domain name registry.

In the above para, "registry" refers to domain name registries.

To get even more disjoint, estimate the upper bound on a human-assisted
forward and/or reverse mapping, involving a domain name in a VGRS registry
with joker.com registrar, and an APNIC RIR address assignement.

To restate: in just the com/net/org/biz/info/name (cnobin) playpen, 21 of
the 100+ registrars have 92% of all registrations -- that's 24 players to
my count. Another 25 ccTLDs, with fewer than 25 distinct operators, defines
the major non-cnobin space down to the 125K threashold -- that's an additional
20 operators and their registrars, many of which are in the first cohort.
So, mild handwave, 100 actors, 100 endpoints, defines 90% or more of authors
of entries into the public DNS.

Presently these are organized into ~30 (6+25) stars, with a significant amount
of "multihoming" by registrars that act upon two or more of the ~30 registries.
There is arbitrary latency for any communication between stars, and even for
communication from a registry to a registrar (polling artifact). If this is
changed, presumably for the better, does it matter?

All data from SOTD, Q302.

Eric
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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>, Asrg@ietf.org
From: Art Pollard <pollarda@lextek.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R patents
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Date: Mon, 12 May 2003 12:16:38 -0600


>
>The question still remains even with prior art, who is willing to sue 
>MailBlocks to get these patents invalidated? Plus how long will the 
>process take if MailBlocks is willing to go all the way to Supreme Court? 
>On the other hand are these patents enforceable outside the US?

Patents are typically not very hard to challenge as I recall.  I think that 
they may be challenged simply by providing prior art to a patent 
examiner.  Sure, it can go through the courts as well but I think given 
prior art, a patent examiner is capable of invalidating the patent as well.

It has been awhile since I looked at this stuff so you would want to check 
the accuracy but that is what I recall.

-Art


-- 
Art Pollard
http://www.lextek.com/
Suppliers of High Performance Text Retrieval Engines.

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Subject: [Asrg] re: Using precedence and priority headers to mark spam
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Date: Mon, 12 May 2003 14:22:36 -0400

A while back I mentioned the possibility of using precedence and priority 
headers to mark messages as spam. The following is a reply from the author 
of RFC 2076:

---[snip]----
Date: Mon, 12 May 2003 18:14:38 +0200
From: Jacob Palme <jpalme@dsv.su.se>
Subject: re: RFC 2076 and spam

The proper recipient to send this query to would be
eitherone of the IETF mailing lists for experts on
e-maillike for example IETF-822 Mailing List
<ietf-822@imc.org>, which is the most active present
mailing list on e-mail standards, or a selection of the
major experts in this area. I have added such a selection
as recipients of this e-mail, to save a step.

Here is what I believe these experts are going to say to you:

The "Precedence" and "Priority" e-mail headers are not
recommended in RFC 2076, because they have been used, and
are still being used, by different e-mail systems in
different ways. Thus, if you choose to use any of these
headers, your usage may conflict with existing usage by
some existing mail systems.

Because of this, these experts will recommend that you
handle this by a new header field not yet used for any
other purpose.

Some of the more dogmatic experts may say that you should
not use header fields at all, but instead some kind of SMTP
information. I would not agree, myself, with that more
fundamentalistic view.

My understanding is that there are already a number of
spam-control e-mail headers, so one task of your group
might be to specify a standard for such headers.
------[snip]-------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Subject: [Asrg] C/R patents
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Date: Mon, 12 May 2003 12:32:14 -0700
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----- Original Message -----
From: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Sunday, May 11, 2003 1:28 PM
Subject: [Asrg] C/R patents


> I finally found the actual patents, they are discussed in this story:
>
>
http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/business/columnists/mike_lang
berg/5565050.htm
>
> According to the story both patents are currently owned by MailBlocks,
Inc.
> The patent numbers are US# 6,199,102, filed August 26, 1997 and issued
> March 6, 2001; and US # 6,112,227, filed on  August 6, 1998 and issued
> August 29, 2000. Both patents can be looked up at the website of the US
> Patents and Trademarks Office
(http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/srchnum.htm).
>
> Abstract of patent #  6,199,102:
>
> A method is provided for preventing the delivery of unwanted electronic
> mail messages to a destination client. An original electronic mail message
> is first received from a source client at a destination server. Next, a
> reply electronic mail message is sent from the destination server to the
> source client requesting the source client to complete a registration
> process to register the source client's electronic mail address with the
> destination server. The original electronic mail message is only sent from
> the destination server to the destination client when the source client
> properly registers the source client's electronic mail address.


I am not a patent attorney, but I do know the following about U.S. patents:

1. The abstract of a patent has no legal significance.

2. The scope of the patent is determined by the claims.

3. The claims are interpreted by the Specification and can be further
limited by the prosecution history of the patent. If the Applicant made
a statement to the Examiner in order to get the patent allowed, and that
statement limited the scope of the invention, then the patent will be
limited
by that statement. (The complete file of an issued patent can be ordered
from the USPTO but it costs a few hundred dollars.)

4. The scope of the patent can be limited by statements made by the
inventor.


U.S. Patent 6,199,102 has 37 claims of which 4 are independent and 33 are
dependent. (Dependent claims further limit the independent claims.)

The first claim is:

-------
1. A method for filtering electronic messages, the method comprising:

receiving an electronic message from a sender, the message including an
address field containing a sender's address;

comparing the sender's address to a list of accepted senders;

sending a prompt back to the sender if the sender's address is not contained
in the list of accepted senders, wherein the
prompt is designed to be answered by a person and not a machine.
-------

This sounds really broad and there does not seem to be anything in the
Specification that would limit it.

The next area of attack is to find prior art.

The prior art listed on the patent consists of several U.S. patents and some
non-patent references whose earliest date is 1996.

The ability to get software patents is relatively recent and the Patent
Office has been criticized for not doing a good job of digging up non-patent
prior art for software patents.

If you want to knock the patent down you need to find prior art, such as a
published article somewhere, anywhere, in any country, in any language. It
doesn't have to have been widely published, just something that someone
*could* have obtained publicly.

Considering the message rule capability available in Microsoft Outlook and
Outlook Express I would be surprised if no one had publicly suggested using
it in the manner claimed by the '102 patent (maybe with a script).

A request for a patent re-examination is possible, but expensive. (Sometimes
the Patent Office initiates the re-examination process.)   A lawsuit to
invalidate a patent is also possible (and expensive.)

Of course, a patent owner presented with a knockout example of prior art,
and who acts in his/her own enlightened self-interest, could simply agree to
not enforce the patent.


Jed Margolin


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Subject: [Asrg] camram/sender pays e-mail system
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Previously, a significant number of folks expressed support for a sender-pays 
email model, with a fairly vocal group opposed. The problem was, nobody had any 
real world experience to support their arguments.

Now we're one step closer to developing that real-world experience. I have 
completed release 0.1a of Camram. It is a working system, complete with 
stamp-generation and stamp-validation support.

The official announcement is as follows:

Camram is a scalable hybrid spam detection and management system that pioneers a 
sender-pays e-mail model combined with traffic analysis and Bayesian filtering 
to combat spam. Camram is immediately effective, but is designed to embrace 
other anti-spam technologies and strategies as they are developed.

Core features:
- Global or local administration models
- Powerful systemwide or per-user filtering
- Multiple white-listing mechanisms
- Support for no notification, simple notification and challenge notification 
responses
- Simple web-interface administration
- Supports mailing-list detection and handling to prevent false identification
- SMTP proxy for stamp generation and whitelist formation and management
- Completely decentralized system:
   - no centralized infrastructure to bog down
   - no central authority passing judgment on e-mail privileges
   - scales extremely well
- User-controlled postage thresholds: users can adapt as spam methods change
- Pushes "costs" onto the sender:
   - the spammer "pays" for sending all messages
   - recipient costs kept to a minimum,
   - no centralized infrastructure cost
- Has mechanisms to accommodate pre-stamp environment:
   - growth can be organic
   - no dramatic breaks with the past
- Supports freedom of speech
- Provides structure for recipient-controlled commercial e-mail environment

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] News Article - CONFESSIONS OF A FORMER SPAMMER    etc.
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On May 11, 2003 at 16:23 vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com (Vernon Schryver) wrote:
 > While reading that article, remember that sort of spammer is more than
 > anything else a pathological lier that cannot tell the truth, but that
 > thinks that it can always fool all of the world all of the time.
 > Nothing in that article is novel to anyone who has a few technical
 > clues, has seen some spam, and thought about tactics for pumping it
 > out.  Every bit has been mentioned many times in the favorite newsgroup
 > of spammers (and spammer fighters), news.admin.net-abuse.email.  It's
 > hard to say which of his statements in that article are partly true
 > and which are pure nonsense.  I suspect there is wishful thinking in
 > some of the technical bits.

I agree 100%, and would add that the telling parts are where he keeps
saying how he avoided this or that behavior because that would be
illegal.

Yeah, right.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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On May 11, 2003 at 15:57 tony@att.com (Tony Hansen) wrote:
 > I think that if legislation were to help in the fight, it's not the 
 > spammers that we need to be fining, but the people who are advertising 
 > via the spam.

There's no reason not to go after both.

The spam business is coming to resemble organized crime more and more
over time.

A typical method of organized crime is to pressure usually small
businesses to buy their product even if it's useless to them.

	   Big Solly is gonna be very unhappy if youse don't
	   buy some advertising services from us...I'll put
	   ya down for $200 this week...

Also racketeering etc (e.g., getting your own people hired into a
company so they can spend the company's money on spam.)

We already know we're dealing with serious sociopaths by what we can
see in spammer behavior, where do we imagine it's all going?

Spam is the rise of organized crime on the internet.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Mon May 12 16:27:17 2003
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Eric Dean'" <eric@purespeed.com>,
        Yakov Shafranovich
	 <research@solidmatrix.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R patents
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Date: Mon, 12 May 2003 06:17:25 -0700

The patent is currently being littigated between the 
alleged holder and Earthlink. 

It is unlikely that the alleged patent claims will have
any effect beyond a statement in any draft that they have 
been asserted.

While the IETF does have an essential policy of RAND+RF
(you have to meet both, not either) it is written to 
allow precisely this situation to be accomodated. The
guy has his patent, we know the prior art, we continue
on the basis of what we believe to be the case, that the
patent claims are unenforceable.

The worst case that happens is that the draft never 
becomes a standard.

		Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Eric Dean [mailto:eric@purespeed.com]
> Sent: Sunday, May 11, 2003 10:00 PM
> To: Yakov Shafranovich; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R patents
> 
> 
> 
> I would have to say
> a) We really don't know if we will "originate" anything 
> here...maybe the
> final product will deviate considerably from the issued 
> patent..won't know
> until we try
> b) Intellectual property is not a new issue for the IETF.  
> There are many
> big named vendors that wind up playing nice with their own 
> components.  I
> would have to ask the chair here to go up the chain and ask 
> how such an
> effort might impact our work.
> 
> You'd think my annual dues would mean that the IETF have some big name
> lawyers on staff 8-)
> 
> > The question is if there are possible patents involved even 
> though there
> > might be prior art in place, who is willing to go ahead and sue
> > the owners?
> > And in regards to ourselves, will the possible legal liability or
> > licensing
> > fees, make companies and admins think twice before 
> installing any kind of
> > C/R system?
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: Jacob Palme <jpalme@dsv.su.se>
Cc: Asrg@ietf.org, Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>, Ned Freed <ned@mrochek.com>,
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Subject: [Asrg] re: RFC 2076 and spam
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Date: Mon, 12 May 2003 18:14:38 +0200

The proper recipient to send this query to would be
eitherone of the IETF mailing lists for experts on
e-maillike for example IETF-822 Mailing List
<ietf-822@imc.org>, which is the most active present
mailing list on e-mail standards, or a selection of the
major experts in this area. I have added such a selection
as recipients of this e-mail, to save a step.

Here is what I believe these experts are going to say to you:

The "Precedence" and "Priority" e-mail headers are not
recommended in RFC 2076, because they have been used, and
are still being used, by different e-mail systems in
different ways. Thus, if you choose to use any of these
headers, your usage may conflict with existing usage by
some existing mail systems.

Because of this, these experts will recommend that you
handle this by a new header field not yet used for any
other purpose.

Some of the more dogmatic experts may say that you should
not use header fields at all, but instead some kind of SMTP
information. I would not agree, myself, with that more
fundamentalistic view.

My understanding is that there are already a number of
spam-control e-mail headers, so one task of your group
might be to specify a standard for such headers.

At 00:39 -0400 03-05-07, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>Dear Prof. Palme,
>
>I am part of the IRTF working group on spam 
>(http://www.irtf.org/charters/asrg.html). I came across 
>your comments on the "Precedence" and "Priority" headers 
>in RFC 2076. I would like to share a copy of a proposal 
>with you regarding using those fields to fight spam and 
>wanted to know your thoughts on the matter.
>
>Sincerely,
>Yakov Shafranovich
>
>>Date: Wed, 07 May 2003 00:32:08 -0400
>>To: Asrg@ietf.org
>>From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
>>Subject: Precedence of spam
>>
>>There is no one overall solution that will magically 
>>solve all of our spam problems. We must seek a 
>>combination of several solutions which can significantly 
>>reduce the overall volume of spam. Unfortunately, unlike 
>>what most of us wish spammers are not going away so fast. 
>>Neither will any servers on the Internet magically start 
>>doing SMTP authentication - changes can take a lot of 
>>time. We need to seek a combination of various changes to 
>>protocols, policy suggestions and other solutions in 
>>order to gradually reduce the problem.
>>
>>In that same vein, I would like to make a small 
>>suggestion which can help as part of an overall solution. 
>>If we utilize some form of a RMX/rDNS system, there is 
>>still an issue of dealing with the email arriving from 
>>non-RMX/non-rDNS sites especially during the transition 
>>process. Blacklisting or white listing is not a valid 
>>option since that would block legitimate mail. I would 
>>like to suggest something that I remember seeing either 
>>here or elsewhere on the Net: assigning priority to each 
>>message. Messages with different priority levels can be 
>>routed accordingly, possible spam can be delayed by a 
>>significant number of hours or days during which the 
>>spammer's website and email accounts will be probably 
>>terminated by their ISP. Legitimate email will still get 
>>through, but the inherent "slowness" will force the 
>>senders to complain to their ISP to switch over to a RMX 
>>or rDNS system.
>>
>>There are already two headers mentioned in RFC 2076, 
>>section 3.9: "Priority:" and "Precedence:" According to 
>>RFC 2076 these headers "can influence general usage 
>>transmission speed and delivery". However, according to 
>>the same RFC the "Priority" header is "not for general 
>>usage" and the "Precedence" header is "non-standard, 
>>controversial, discouraged". Perhaps as part of an 
>>overall change in policy and protocols towards a 
>>spam-free environment we should formalize one of these 
>>two headers or define a new header, as part of the SMTP 
>>protocol and ALSO define format procedures as to how the 
>>difference "priority" or "precedence" levels should be 
>>dealt with by MTAs. Sendmail, which is the most popular 
>>MTA in use already deals with the "precedence" header as 
>>can been seen in the "Installation and Operation Guide 
>>for Sendmail 8.12", section #2.9.3 
>>(http://www.sendmail.org/~ca/email/doc8.12/op-sh-2.html#sh-2.9.3):
>>
>>"Precedence
>>
>>The Precedence: header can be used as a crude control of 
>>message priority. It tweaks the sort order in the queue 
>>and can be configured to change the message timeout 
>>values. The precedence of a message also controls how 
>>delivery status notifications (DSNs) are processed for 
>>that message. "
>>
>>I am sure that if this header is formalized or a new 
>>header is defined, AND formal guidelines are established 
>>for routing such mail, SendMail and other MTAs can be 
>>prevailed upon to support it.
>>
>>I would like to hear any comments on this,
>>Yakov
>>
>>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
>>SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
>>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
>>the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
>>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


-- 
Jacob Palme <jpalme@dsv.su.se> (Stockholm University and KTH)
for more info see URL: http://www.dsv.su.se/jpalme/
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> I think that if legislation were to help in the fight, it's not the 
> spammers that we need to be fining, but the people who are 
> advertising 
> via the spam.

That would be a good theory, except that most of the stuff that is being
advertised is already outright criminal. If you can catch up with the actual
advertisers you can probably put them behind bars under existing
legislation.

The problem is that the spam gangs act as insulation. There are a number of
conspiracy charges that could probably apply if law enforcement was to
expend aq huge effort. But anti-spam legislation would make it easier to go
after the spam gangs.

What I found surprising was the fact that the guy thought $1,000 a week was
such a great living in a hi tech industry. If he had got a lawsuit from one
of the relays he raped he would have been wiped out.

	Phill
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R patents
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Date: Sun, 11 May 2003 13:43:39 -0700

I know of extensive prior art in this area.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com]
> Sent: Sunday, May 11, 2003 4:28 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] C/R patents
> 
> 
> I finally found the actual patents, they are discussed in this story:
> 
> http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/business/column
> ists/mike_langberg/5565050.htm
> 
> According to the story both patents are currently owned by 
> MailBlocks, Inc. 
> The patent numbers are US# 6,199,102, filed August 26, 1997 
> and issued 
> March 6, 2001; and US # 6,112,227, filed on  August 6, 1998 
> and issued 
> August 29, 2000. Both patents can be looked up at the website 
> of the US 
> Patents and Trademarks Office 
> (http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/srchnum.htm).
> 
> Abstract of patent #  6,199,102:
> 
> A method is provided for preventing the delivery of unwanted 
> electronic 
> mail messages to a destination client. An original electronic 
> mail message 
> is first received from a source client at a destination 
> server. Next, a 
> reply electronic mail message is sent from the destination 
> server to the 
> source client requesting the source client to complete a registration 
> process to register the source client's electronic mail 
> address with the 
> destination server. The original electronic mail message is 
> only sent from 
> the destination server to the destination client when the 
> source client 
> properly registers the source client's electronic mail address.
> 
> Abstract of patent # 6,112,227:
> 
> A method is provided for preventing the delivery of unwanted 
> electronic 
> mail messages to a destination client. An original electronic 
> mail message 
> is first received from a source client at a destination 
> server. Next, a 
> reply electronic mail message is sent from the destination 
> server to the 
> source client requesting the source client to complete a registration 
> process to register the source client's electronic mail 
> address with the 
> destination server. The original electronic mail message is 
> only sent from 
> the destination server to the destination client when the 
> source client 
> properly registers the source client's electronic mail address.
> 
> The second one seems to cover all C/R systems and that's what 
> MailBlocks 
> claims in the news article.
> 
> Yakov
> 
> 
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> -------------------------------------
> Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
> SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> -------------------------------------
> "One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps 
> his eyes on
> the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> -------------------------------------  
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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To: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
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Date: Mon, 12 May 2003 16:45:27 -0400

I have been in touch with a company called MailCurcuit.com, who currently 
operates a C/R system. They are willing to provide information on their own 
experience with different aspects of C/R systems, as well as statistics. I 
will be passing along some statistical information from them.

Yakov

At 07:02 PM 5/11/2003 -0400, Eric Dean wrote:

>Per the request to put together ideas regarding C/R systems below is a brief
>inventory of some possible areas for a C/R standardization effort.  I'm not
>advocating standardization of any of these...but rather identifying areas
>that to some are obvious.  The MUST, SHALLs, and MAY's can follow later:
>
>There are a few general components to C/R or any email system
>1) Message receipt:
>-Permit: Whitelist sender, message scoring...automatically delivers to
>user's Inbox
>-Drop: Blacklist, message scoring...drops message
>-Pend: Hold message in queue for further C/R validation
>
>2) Sender Challenge
>-Sender name: Should the original sender's name be sent in the reply to of a
>challenge message or should a common name be used.  For examples, bounces
>use <>.  C/R systems might avoid C/R loops using a convention.
>-Subject header: Should the original subject header be preserved or a new
>subject header be sent.  C/R systems might avoid C/R loops using a
>convention.
>-Actions: Should a sender be allowed to merely confirm or can they also
>report that they did not originate the message..or possibly report to an
>authority
>-Challenge Bounce: There are a variety of SMTP errors that can be
>returned...should some be considered to result in an automatic message drop?
>Blacklisting a sender may result in a later valid user actual taking that
>user namespace.
>
>3) List Detection
>-Sender Header: What methods other than the sender header should be used to
>detect a mailing list thus disabling C/R messages?
>
>4) Sender Response
>-HTTP: Are there recommended methods for producing verification URLs?
>Certainly they should be unguessable.  Should they have a short TTL or have
>a persistent convention?
>-Access Codes: Should a barely legible, anti-bot access code also be
>supplied?
>-SMTP: Should SMTP responses be supported?

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R patents
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Date: Mon, 12 May 2003 16:46:46 -0400

At 12:32 PM 5/12/2003 -0700, Jed Margolin wrote:

>----- Original Message -----
>From: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
>To: <asrg@ietf.org>
>Sent: Sunday, May 11, 2003 1:28 PM
>Subject: [Asrg] C/R patents
>
>
> > I finally found the actual patents, they are discussed in this story:
> >
> >
>http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/business/columnists/mike_lang
>berg/5565050.htm
> >
> > According to the story both patents are currently owned by MailBlocks,
>Inc.
> > The patent numbers are US# 6,199,102, filed August 26, 1997 and issued
> > March 6, 2001; and US # 6,112,227, filed on  August 6, 1998 and issued
> > August 29, 2000. Both patents can be looked up at the website of the US
> > Patents and Trademarks Office
>(http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/srchnum.htm).
> >
> > Abstract of patent #  6,199,102:
> >
> > A method is provided for preventing the delivery of unwanted electronic
> > mail messages to a destination client. An original electronic mail message
> > is first received from a source client at a destination server. Next, a
> > reply electronic mail message is sent from the destination server to the
> > source client requesting the source client to complete a registration
> > process to register the source client's electronic mail address with the
> > destination server. The original electronic mail message is only sent from
> > the destination server to the destination client when the source client
> > properly registers the source client's electronic mail address.
>
>
>I am not a patent attorney, but I do know the following about U.S. patents:
>
>1. The abstract of a patent has no legal significance.
>
>2. The scope of the patent is determined by the claims.
>
>3. The claims are interpreted by the Specification and can be further
>limited by the prosecution history of the patent. If the Applicant made
>a statement to the Examiner in order to get the patent allowed, and that
>statement limited the scope of the invention, then the patent will be
>limited
>by that statement. (The complete file of an issued patent can be ordered
>from the USPTO but it costs a few hundred dollars.)
>
>4. The scope of the patent can be limited by statements made by the
>inventor.
>
>
>U.S. Patent 6,199,102 has 37 claims of which 4 are independent and 33 are
>dependent. (Dependent claims further limit the independent claims.)
>
>The first claim is:
>
>-------
>1. A method for filtering electronic messages, the method comprising:
>
>receiving an electronic message from a sender, the message including an
>address field containing a sender's address;
>
>comparing the sender's address to a list of accepted senders;
>
>sending a prompt back to the sender if the sender's address is not contained
>in the list of accepted senders, wherein the
>prompt is designed to be answered by a person and not a machine.
>-------
>
>This sounds really broad and there does not seem to be anything in the
>Specification that would limit it.
>
>The next area of attack is to find prior art.
>
>The prior art listed on the patent consists of several U.S. patents and some
>non-patent references whose earliest date is 1996.
>
>The ability to get software patents is relatively recent and the Patent
>Office has been criticized for not doing a good job of digging up non-patent
>prior art for software patents.
>
>If you want to knock the patent down you need to find prior art, such as a
>published article somewhere, anywhere, in any country, in any language. It
>doesn't have to have been widely published, just something that someone
>*could* have obtained publicly.
>
>Considering the message rule capability available in Microsoft Outlook and
>Outlook Express I would be surprised if no one had publicly suggested using
>it in the manner claimed by the '102 patent (maybe with a script).
>
>A request for a patent re-examination is possible, but expensive. (Sometimes
>the Patent Office initiates the re-examination process.)   A lawsuit to
>invalidate a patent is also possible (and expensive.)
>
>Of course, a patent owner presented with a knockout example of prior art,
>and who acts in his/her own enlightened self-interest, could simply agree to
>not enforce the patent.
>
>
>Jed Margolin

My point was to inform the group of existance of those patents. As for 
their challenge, I believe that Earthlink will probably challenge them anyway.

Yakov 

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From: Richard Rognlie <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
Message-ID: <20030512205653.GD19577@gamerz.net>
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Date: Mon, 12 May 2003 16:56:53 -0400

My question for C/R mechanisms (which may have been answered already, but...)

What does this do to automated relay system?

e.g.  I run a game server that let's people play various games via email.

You send your message to pbmserv@gamerz.net, it parses/validates the request
It then sends the results to all affected parties (e.g. the N players) of 
the game.

A C/R system would lookup pbmserv@gamerz.net (or perhaps
pbmserv-bounce@gamerz.net).  so... I suppose it's up to me, as the
admin/author to make my system smart enough to see "oh... here's a message
I don't understand... can you read it, Richard?"

-- 
 /  \__  | Richard Rognlie / Oracle Prophet / Gamerz.NET Lackey
 \__/  \ | http://www.gamerz.net/rrognlie/    <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
 /  \__/ | Today is the first day of the rest of your life.  Of course,
 \__/    |    so was yesterday, and look how you screwed *that* up...
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Date: Mon, 12 May 2003 17:42:07 -0400

At 07:02 PM 5/11/2003 -0400, Eric Dean wrote:

>Per the request to put together ideas regarding C/R systems below is a brief
>inventory of some possible areas for a C/R standardization effort.  I'm not
>advocating standardization of any of these...but rather identifying areas
>that to some are obvious.  The MUST, SHALLs, and MAY's can follow later:

We probably cannot recommend any specific implementation details like which 
filters should be used for message scoring,  just general guidelines. 
However, one problem with C/R systems is that spammers do not currently 
have an incentive to break them since there are many other ways to send 
spam. If C/R systems become wide spread, spammers will have an incentive to 
attack them and perhaps (gasp) even manage to break them. We need some 
input from live C/R systems.

>There are a few general components to C/R or any email system
>1) Message receipt:
>-Permit: Whitelist sender, message scoring...automatically delivers to
>user's Inbox
>-Drop: Blacklist, message scoring...drops message
>-Pend: Hold message in queue for further C/R validation

Would message scoring automatically drop messages below a certain 
threshold? Spam filters are not fool-proof and some messages might be lost. 
Perhaps all incoming email should be challenged or giving that as an option 
to the user?

Also, maybe a C/R system should be combined with a rDNS/RMX system to weed 
out invalid email addresses BEFORE a challenge is sent, in order to save on 
the use of computer resources.

How would a whitelist handle mailing lists? What about automated computer 
programs that notify users, like Ebay's auction bots? And what about 
anonymous email, if C/R is implemented everywhere, can anyone send 
anonymous email anymore? What about opt-in email that the receiver forgot 
about the original opt-in? And email that is sent from different email 
addresses everytime (like some mailing lists)?

>2) Sender Challenge
>-Sender name: Should the original sender's name be sent in the reply to of a
>challenge message or should a common name be used.  For examples, bounces
>use <>.  C/R systems might avoid C/R loops using a convention.

It is not important to send the sender's name back, the email address is 
sufficient. As for bounces, a header might be used to catch that like the 
"X-BeenThere:" header used for our mailing list.

>-Subject header: Should the original subject header be preserved or a new
>subject header be sent.  C/R systems might avoid C/R loops using a
>convention.

The challenge should contain at the least a copy of the header somewhere 
within the message so the sender can figure out what the challenge is in 
relation to. As for loops, use headers.

>-Actions: Should a sender be allowed to merely confirm or can they also
>report that they did not originate the message..or possibly report to an
>authority

Implementation-specific but at the least an admin email should be provided 
(that DOES NOT need C/R) where the users can email for with questions.

>-Challenge Bounce: There are a variety of SMTP errors that can be
>returned...should some be considered to result in an automatic message drop?
>Blacklisting a sender may result in a later valid user actual taking that
>user namespace.

A C/R system should whitelist a sender when response received, not do 
anything otherwise. Blacklists should be used when the receiver wants to 
block an already verified sender.

>3) List Detection
>-Sender Header: What methods other than the sender header should be used to
>detect a mailing list thus disabling C/R messages?

For starters look for "List-Id:" and other "List-*" headers. Perhaps a 
standard way can be setup for a C/R system and mailing list software to be 
able to talk to each other automatically without a need for a human being 
to reply. Of course that will allow a hole for spammers to sneak through.


>4) Sender Response
>-HTTP: Are there recommended methods for producing verification URLs?
>Certainly they should be unguessable.  Should they have a short TTL or have
>a persistent convention?

No persistent convention since that might allow spammers to build automated 
software. TTL is implementation specific, we cannot force everyone to use 
the same value. Preferably the challenge message should not be in HTML but 
plain text since not everyone has HTML or displays it differently. The 
response message might not via an HTTP url but could be just a response 
email - some people might only have email and not http (think mobile 
devices). It is best to support both - an HTTP url and a return email. 
Recommended methods for producing verification should utilize secure random 
generators with a large enough number of bits.

For verification purposes, special graphic images that are not parsable via 
OCR should be used on web pages much like the ones used by HotMail and 
Yahoo on account signups.

>-Access Codes: Should a barely legible, anti-bot access code also be
>supplied?


Explain.

>-SMTP: Should SMTP responses be supported?

Perhaps but we should probably avoid making changes to basic protocols as 
much as possible.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
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Date: Mon, 12 May 2003 17:51:07 -0400

At 04:56 PM 5/12/2003 -0400, Richard Rognlie wrote:

>My question for C/R mechanisms (which may have been answered already, but...)
>
>What does this do to automated relay system?
>
>e.g.  I run a game server that let's people play various games via email.
>
>You send your message to pbmserv@gamerz.net, it parses/validates the request
>It then sends the results to all affected parties (e.g. the N players) of
>the game.
>
>A C/R system would lookup pbmserv@gamerz.net (or perhaps
>pbmserv-bounce@gamerz.net).  so... I suppose it's up to me, as the
>admin/author to make my system smart enough to see "oh... here's a message
>I don't understand... can you read it, Richard?"

If there is an automated protocol possible in place that allows your MTA to 
respond to incoming challenges that might solve the problem. But of course 
anything automated will let spammers do it to but at the least they would 
have to have a valid email address to do so. Once they have a valid email 
address, then they can be blocked or traced.

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>, Asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] News Article - CONFESSIONS OF A FORMER SPAMMER
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Date: Mon, 12 May 2003 16:21:23 -0600

At 01:47 PM 5/11/2003 -0400, you wrote:
>Take a look at this SlashDot story:
>
>http://yro.slashdot.org/yro/03/05/11/1648253.shtml?tid=126&tid=111
>
>which refers to this Oregonian article:
>
>http://www.oregonlive.com/business/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/business/105256787116000.xml

While reading the article you posted, my attention focused in on the open 
relays / open ports that he was using.  And while I have known for a long 
time that this was a method used by spammers, I hit upon an idea.

If the spammer is using the open ports / relays without the knowledge or 
permission of the owner of the system and had the sysadmin of the system 
being abused known they would have stopped the use of their system for 
spamming, then it opens an interesting legal approach.

The spammer should in this case be able to be prosecuted under the
anti-hacking statutes.  And with the Patriot Act the consequences of
"hacking" are very severe (though they were already.).

I called my State Attorney General's office and they seemed to agree
that this would be an interesting approach and would be well worth
following up with to see if it could be proved out.  I'll probably make a
few more phone calls to see if it is pursuable or not.

In either case, it is probably beyond the scope of this mailing list
but if a few spammers ended up in prison for using open relays and
mail ports, I wouldn't complain too much and it might go a ways
towards curtailing the abuse of other people's resources for sending
the spam at least.

-Art
-- 
Art Pollard
http://www.lextek.com/
Suppliers of High Performance Text Retrieval Engines.

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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 08:31:42 +1000

At 16:21 12/05/03 -0600, Art Pollard wrote:
>if a few spammers ended up in prison for using open relays and
>mail ports, I wouldn't complain too much and it might go a ways
>towards curtailing the abuse of other people's resources for sending
>the spam at least.

Has already happened in Australia - a Melbourne spammer by the name of 
Hourmouzis was convicted for, inter alia, unauthorised relay that caused 
(temporary) impairment to the operation of the abused machines, based on 
unauthorised access and unathorised impairment offences. Unauthorised relay 
is also a civil trespass, at least in the case where it impairs the 
operation of the system and in most places even without such impairment.
--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R patents
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Date: Mon, 12 May 2003 23:59:05 +0100

In message 
<CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A301AE24B6@vhqpostal6.verisign.com>, 
"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> writes
>I know of extensive prior art in this area.
>
The prior art of using a confirmation mail to validate the sender is who 
they claim to be is well established.

Here is a posting from 1 Feb 1991 from someone being asked to confirm 
their subscription to a list

http://tinyurl.com/blm5

Here is the announcement in March 1993 that listserv had already 
implemented sender confirmation (double opt ins)

http://tinyurl.com/blm8

"When the user sends a subscription request, he is mailed a confirmation 
request message"

Mailblocks is completely astonishing that they think they have any 
rights to confirming people's identities at all. Never mind that other 
people got there at least 6 years before them, there's also the fact 
that to anyone with any experience this is "obvious" technology and 
therefore fails on those grounds too. What is the inventive step or 
process which they are claiming rights to?

Whether you use this to validate a subscriber (safe person to send) to a 
mailing list or a safe person to send to your mailbox matters none - the 
process is what is patented and the process was already in public use 12 
years ago.

-- 
Craig Cockburn ("coburn"). SiliconGlen.com Ltd. http://SiliconGlen.com
Home to the first online guide to Scotland, founded 1994.
Scottish FAQ, wedding info, travel, search tools, stop spam and more!
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Date: Mon, 12 May 2003 20:03:16 -0400

Other than the standing of the (developed and maintained for use by U.S. 
government agencies, Government contractors, and authorized personnel) system 
owner to bring an action under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 (USC
Title 18, Section 1030), aren't the fact patterns there.?

Why not just ask for an extension (US jurisdiction) of scope of the '86 act?

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To: Craig Cockburn <craig@siliconglen.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R patents
In-Reply-To: <hxv3mrG5cCw+Ewmy@siliconglen.com>
References: <CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A301AE24B6@vhqpostal6.verisign.com>
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Date: Mon, 12 May 2003 20:47:46 -0400

At 11:59 PM 5/12/2003 +0100, Craig Cockburn wrote:

>In message 
><CE541259607DE94CA2A23816FB49F4A301AE24B6@vhqpostal6.verisign.com>, 
>"Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com> writes
>>I know of extensive prior art in this area.
>The prior art of using a confirmation mail to validate the sender is who 
>they claim to be is well established.
>
>Here is a posting from 1 Feb 1991 from someone being asked to confirm 
>their subscription to a list
>
>http://tinyurl.com/blm5
>
>Here is the announcement in March 1993 that listserv had already 
>implemented sender confirmation (double opt ins)
>
>http://tinyurl.com/blm8
>
>"When the user sends a subscription request, he is mailed a confirmation 
>request message"
>
>Mailblocks is completely astonishing that they think they have any rights 
>to confirming people's identities at all. Never mind that other people got 
>there at least 6 years before them, there's also the fact that to anyone 
>with any experience this is "obvious" technology and therefore fails on 
>those grounds too. What is the inventive step or process which they are 
>claiming rights to?
>
>Whether you use this to validate a subscriber (safe person to send) to a 
>mailing list or a safe person to send to your mailbox matters none - the 
>process is what is patented and the process was already in public use 12 
>years ago.

I think that MailBlocks will have to answer that during their lawsuit with 
Earthlink. I bet you that Earthlink will try to invalidate the patents 
based on prior art.

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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> We probably cannot recommend any specific implementation details
> like which
> filters should be used for message scoring,  just general guidelines.

ok..again, I'm merely inventorying the potential areas of interest..not
advocating anything in particular

> However, one problem with C/R systems is that spammers do not currently
> have an incentive to break them since there are many other ways to send
> spam. If C/R systems become wide spread, spammers will have an
> incentive to
> attack them and perhaps (gasp) even manage to break them.

Well, we better build something they can't break.  There are many, many
smart people on this list that can surely put something  together over time

> We need some
> input from live C/R systems.

We have a live C/R system and Mailcircuit is also a good source...not sure
how many other people on the list use C/R...but just about everyone knows
the vulnerabilities and limitations...often standards are discussed prior to
implementation...we have an advantage here.  I believe all would agree that
C/R should probably be tighter than current implementations..what that
results in..don't know.

> Would message scoring automatically drop messages below a certain
> threshold? Spam filters are not fool-proof and some messages
> might be lost.
> Perhaps all incoming email should be challenged or giving that as
> an option
> to the user?

ok..not trying to jump into the pool yet...just trying tom set
dimensions...not looking to take anythign off the table..jsut determing what
should be on the table

> Also, maybe a C/R system should be combined with a rDNS/RMX
> system to weed
> out invalid email addresses BEFORE a challenge is sent, in order
> to save on
> the use of computer resources.

Not sure any measures would be in conflict with one another.

> How would a whitelist handle mailing lists? What about automated computer
> programs that notify users, like Ebay's auction bots? And what about
> anonymous email, if C/R is implemented everywhere, can anyone send
> anonymous email anymore? What about opt-in email that the receiver forgot
> about the original opt-in? And email that is sent from different email
> addresses everytime (like some mailing lists)?

All of these are important tactical issues..any more?

> >2) Sender Challenge
> >-Sender name: Should the original sender's name be sent in the
> reply to of a
> >challenge message or should a common name be used.  For examples, bounces
> >use <>.  C/R systems might avoid C/R loops using a convention.
>
> It is not important to send the sender's name back, the email address is
> sufficient. As for bounces, a header might be used to catch that like the
> "X-BeenThere:" header used for our mailing list.

ok..that's one approach

> >-Subject header: Should the original subject header be preserved or a new
> >subject header be sent.  C/R systems might avoid C/R loops using a
> >convention.
>
> The challenge should contain at the least a copy of the header somewhere
> within the message so the sender can figure out what the challenge is in
> relation to. As for loops, use headers.

ok..as for the rest of your contributions.  I'm not particularly interested
in debating issues but rather discuss what issues we should debate.  I'm
sure  there will be spirited discussions to come..but for now..I want to
know what should get included within in a draft framework.



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Subject: [Asrg] Does the group have a future?
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I find myself largely in agreement with Alan, although I'm not unsubscribing
from ASRG just yet because there's still some [apparently small] chance that
the chairman will slap down the trouble-makers instead of those objecting to
those who respond to their provocative drivel.  If he doesn't, this
reswearch group is never going to achieve anything.

Like Alan, I'm trained in problem solving and logic (but unlike Alan my
post-grad qualifications are in Mathematics and in Engineering, not in
physics) so I can recognise illogical and fallacious arguments when I see
them.  Unfortunately some of the heaviest posters on ASRG post pretty well
nothing but illogical and fallacious arguments except when they are posting
unfounded (and easily discovered to be counter-factual) assertions.  And, as
Alan says, these are the people who are opposed to pretty well every
candidate proposal for a partial solution.

If those peddling this nonsense are allowed to continue as at present,
Alan's statement
	The spam problem will be addressed despite ASRG, not because of it.
will be an accurate prophecy.

Tom Thomson

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Alan
DeKok
Sent: 10 May 2003 17:51
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] What's going on


  I'm unsubscribing from ASRG.  I'm tired of appeals to authority,
misrepresentation of proposals, contradictory reasons for opposition
to proposals, and the "duck and cover" approach when peoples
objections are directly refuted.

  As someone trained professionally in problem solving and logic (with
a graduate degree in physics), I can recognize illogical and
fallacious arguments when I see them, despite not being a recognized
authority in DNS, spam, or fawning sycophanty.  ASRG is now divided
into two camps: The one proposing solutions, now matter how ugly or
awkward; and the one opposing solutions, based mainly on
contrary-to-fact arguments.

  The spam problem will be addressed despite ASRG, not because of it.

  To all of the people who have had a positive contribution, even when
we disagreed, I appreciate your efforts.  To the people who did their
best to oppose all contributions, you've got one less person to fight
against, and one more reason why you will be successful in preventing
the problem from every being solved.

  Alan DeKok.
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In-Reply-To:  <MBEKIIAKLDHKMLNFJODBKEDIFCAA.eric@purespeed.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
To: "Eric Dean"  <eric@purespeed.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 10:48:03 +0100

> Per the request to put together ideas regarding C/R systems below is a
> brief
> inventory of some possible areas for a C/R standardization effort. I'm
> not
> advocating standardization of any of these...but rather identifying areas
> that to some are obvious.  The MUST, SHALLs, and MAY's can follow later:
> 

I wonder if there's a case for taking some position on the privacy issues
involved in CR systems?

Issues like this:
http://www.toyz.org/SpamArrestSpams.html

Summary: Alleges SpamArrest harvests sender addresses




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From: "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
To: <william@elan.net>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation / Paul Vixie's procedure
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william@elan.net wrote on 09 May 2003 at 06:06

>Envelope "From:" is the worst case since most mailing lists use their own
>mailfrom and do not change "From:" (do not assume that what you see in
>outlook is what others would see or that its really how mailist messsage
>looks like)

Sorry, I will make that assumption.  So will you, if you know what you are
talking about. So far as I can see, Outlook will display the headers exactly
as received, except that it wil add a Sender: header where relevant in
conformance with the standard. Since RFC2822 headers are distinct from
RFC2822 content they are of course displayed in a different window from the
content, which is useful behaviour since the headers are long and it would
be boring to have to skip over them every time (certainly I used to find it
that way in the days of MUAs which displayed header plus content as a single
unit).

I've appended below the email headers that Outlook reports for the message
to which I am replying.  If you think any of these is not correct (ie
Outloook has got it wrong) please let me know and I'll take it up with M$.
If you don't think any of it is wrong, perhaps you'll not make silly
accusations about Outlook in future.

Tom

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To: Tom Thomson <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation / Paul Vixie's procedure
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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 02:48:51 -0700 (PDT)

You'v already answered your own question. The client/end-user mail reader 
is adding "Sender:" header to the email, that is not a proper behavior, 
the sender should be added by sending MUA or MTA. Your example does not 
really illustrate that behavior of Outlook since "Sender:" header is 
already part of the message having been added by ietf maillist remailer.

In addition your example illustrates yet again what I said since less 
sophisticated users (read 99% of users) who use outlook only see one 
"From:" and one "To:" headers which are part of the header/body of the 
email but you do not see the "MAIL FROM" and "RCPT TO" email used during 
transmission and these are really the ones used for actual delivery.

The problem is that if you were using "From:" header for RMX validation 
you would as in example below see "william@elan.net" but actual message 
came from "ietf.org" server and so the mail would not be validated and 
would fail RMX. Using "Sender:" headeris also not possible since "Sender:" 
could have been set by by MUA (mine is configured not to do that) and then
there are different maillist programs and majority will actually not set 
"Sender" or will not reset it to themselve if header already exists 
(some will add 2nd "Sender:" header, but this is rare and considered a bug,
though I think RFC2828 does not explicitly forbid this), so again it fails 
with mail lists. This leaves MAIL FROM to be used for RMX validation and 
this is what all current RMX-like drafts propose. But as you quite well 
illustrated the MAIL FROM is not even seen by end-users and it means 
spammer can use one domain for MAIL-FROM (which would random domain 
without any RMX record) and use another domain for "From:" and most users 
will still consider email as having come from the listed "From:" address.
And as for the "Sender:" header, spammers quite often set that as well.

On Tue, 13 May 2003, Tom Thomson wrote:

> william@elan.net wrote on 09 May 2003 at 06:06
> 
> >Envelope "From:" is the worst case since most mailing lists use their own
> >mailfrom and do not change "From:" (do not assume that what you see in
> >outlook is what others would see or that its really how mailist messsage
> >looks like)
> 
> Sorry, I will make that assumption.  So will you, if you know what you are
> talking about. So far as I can see, Outlook will display the headers exactly
> as received, except that it wil add a Sender: header where relevant in
> conformance with the standard. Since RFC2822 headers are distinct from
> RFC2822 content they are of course displayed in a different window from the
> content, which is useful behaviour since the headers are long and it would
> be boring to have to skip over them every time (certainly I used to find it
> that way in the days of MUAs which displayed header plus content as a single
> unit).
> 
> I've appended below the email headers that Outlook reports for the message
> to which I am replying.  If you think any of these is not correct (ie
> Outloook has got it wrong) please let me know and I'll take it up with M$.
> If you don't think any of it is wrong, perhaps you'll not make silly
> accusations about Outlook in future.
> 
> Tom
> 
> Received: from www1.ietf.org ([132.151.1.19]) by mail.neosinteractive.com
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> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation / Paul Vixie's procedure
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 06:51:27 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>

> I wonder if there's a case for taking some position on the privacy issues
> involved in CR systems?
>
> Issues like this:
> http://www.toyz.org/SpamArrestSpams.html
>
> Summary: Alleges SpamArrest harvests sender addresses

I see privacy issues for challenge/response systems, but that's not
one.  Ths SpamArrest abuse is a potential problem in any system where
you let a third party with handle your mail.  It is a consideration
in any system where that involves asking a third party anything about
mail, including DNS blacklists.

I think the obvious challenge/response privacy leaks are:

  - more messages slopping around the net indicating that two people
   are conversing and probably something about the subject of their mail.
     A bad guy that cannot see the original mail might still be able 
     to see the challenge or the response.

  - inferences that can be made by sending one message to two addresses,
   one of which the bad guy knows will generate a challenge and one
   that won't.
     Depending on how the system works, the extra target address might
     affect how quickly or even whether the challenge is produced.

  - leaks from queues or whatever containing mail awaiting responses.

None seem major, but they ought to be mentioned.

I think any spam filtering RFC ought to have a section on privacy
like the required section on security.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Mon, 12 May 2003 17:03:20 -0700

> I agree 100%, and would add that the telling parts are where he keeps
> saying how he avoided this or that behavior because that would be
> illegal.
> 
> Yeah, right.

The guy was only making $1,000 a week sending out 18 million emails.
That is $7.60 for every MILLION messages he sends. His email servers
don't even make the minimum wage.

So maybe he was telling the truth and the fact is that small fry like
him make no real money unless they break the law. I suspect that the 
tales of spam senders making $10,000 a week are bogus.

Now look at it from the other side, how much does a million spams cost?
I don't think the $1 a message claim is credible but I would doubt the 
figure is less than a cent. That would mean $10,000 in costs to society
for him to make $7.60.

This is a marginal business that can be pushed under with a small scale
change in the economics. That does not have to be sender pays. Even small
scale enforcement of anti-spam laws would push a lot of the small fry
under.

		Phill


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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 09:01:32 -0400


Anyone have any data on the audit-side of spam-ad delivery?

Is there one?

Anyone already done the work to tabulate the dial-up, xdsl, and DS0 volumes?

Anyone have bandwidth-independent source rates for the following?
	o commodity luser boxen (captured wintel),
	o commodity posix boxen (paid non-wintel).

Intro or background stuff (problem statement) for a portion of some eventual
I-D.

TiA,
Eric
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This is somewhat typical of most groups trying to gain a charter, however,
this particular topic is quite sensitive and has also attracted a diverse
set of individuals with varying backgrounds.  It's important to cultivate
the activities of newbies while also preserving the valuable time of
experts.  Alan is/was a tremendous asset to this group.  It's quite a
disservice to ourselves and the Internet community that we have chased him
off with our nonsense.  I suspect that once we propose a working draft or
two we will attract people like Alan back into our effort..until then, this
group should focus on producing drafts rather than producing disharmony.
Both debate and conflict are encouraged...but let's debate the ideas rather
than ego.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Tom
> Thomson
> Sent: Tuesday, May 13, 2003 5:18 AM
> To: Alan DeKok; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Does the group have a future?
>
>
> I find myself largely in agreement with Alan, although I'm not
> unsubscribing
> from ASRG just yet because there's still some [apparently small]
> chance that
> the chairman will slap down the trouble-makers instead of those
> objecting to
> those who respond to their provocative drivel.  If he doesn't, this
> reswearch group is never going to achieve anything.
>
> Like Alan, I'm trained in problem solving and logic (but unlike Alan my
> post-grad qualifications are in Mathematics and in Engineering, not in
> physics) so I can recognise illogical and fallacious arguments when I see
> them.  Unfortunately some of the heaviest posters on ASRG post pretty well
> nothing but illogical and fallacious arguments except when they
> are posting
> unfounded (and easily discovered to be counter-factual)
> assertions.  And, as
> Alan says, these are the people who are opposed to pretty well every
> candidate proposal for a partial solution.
>
> If those peddling this nonsense are allowed to continue as at present,
> Alan's statement
> 	The spam problem will be addressed despite ASRG, not because of it.
> will be an accurate prophecy.
>
> Tom Thomson
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Alan
> DeKok
> Sent: 10 May 2003 17:51
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] What's going on
>
>
>   I'm unsubscribing from ASRG.  I'm tired of appeals to authority,
> misrepresentation of proposals, contradictory reasons for opposition
> to proposals, and the "duck and cover" approach when peoples
> objections are directly refuted.
>
>   As someone trained professionally in problem solving and logic (with
> a graduate degree in physics), I can recognize illogical and
> fallacious arguments when I see them, despite not being a recognized
> authority in DNS, spam, or fawning sycophanty.  ASRG is now divided
> into two camps: The one proposing solutions, now matter how ugly or
> awkward; and the one opposing solutions, based mainly on
> contrary-to-fact arguments.
>
>   The spam problem will be addressed despite ASRG, not because of it.
>
>   To all of the people who have had a positive contribution, even when
> we disagreed, I appreciate your efforts.  To the people who did their
> best to oppose all contributions, you've got one less person to fight
> against, and one more reason why you will be successful in preventing
> the problem from every being solved.
>
>   Alan DeKok.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>

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I've started a new thread to discuss list detectiom just to be search engine
friendly.

There seem to be a variety of methods that lists use including preserving
the original sender as well as sending witht the list's email address.  This
particular list sends with the list's email address.  For C/R systems, this
often works fine because you often have to send to a list-subscribe in order
to join the list.  A C/R will then send a challenge to the list and
subsequently get denied.

For lists that preserve the sender's email address, a C/R system can be a
bit unfriendly.  However, we have seen that most list's use a "Sender"
header somewhere inside the message body.  for example, this list sends:

Sender: asrg-admin@ietf.org

If we encounter such a header, we will then not challenge the sender but
will require the user to take an action.  I'm not trying to have another C/R
discussion but rather am interested in the various list detection methods
available.  I've sorted through procmail to see what methods are available
to that source and the above was the best I could come up with.

An extremely important issue for large email companies is that spammers send
email to their users using their own domain.  For example, they send to
user@foo.com from sender@foo.com.  One might say, "Gee, just don't permit
mail from the outside using your domain".  That works everywhere except for
lists that preserve the sender address.

So somehow, we have to prevent someone from spoofing the local domain while
permiting various mailing list types.




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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: RMX evaluation / Paul Vixie's procedure
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>You'v already answered your own question. The client/end-user mail reader
>is adding "Sender:" header to the email, that is not a proper behavior,
>the sender should be added by sending MUA or MTA. Your example does not
>really illustrate that behavior of Outlook since "Sender:" header is
>already part of the message having been added by ietf maillist remailer.

Two points there: first, MUAs can add Sender: headers - there's nothing in
the standard to stop them doing so, and as the intention of this header is
to reflect the case where envelope MAIL FROM does not match content From: it
is preferable for an MUA to add such a header where appropriate; second,
when I said that Outlook might add Sender: when appropriate I was reporting
something I've been told, not something I've observed (I suppose I should
have made that clear) and although I would prefer it to add Sender: where
appropriate it may be that it actually has your prefered behaviour (not add
Sender: even when appropriate).

>In addition your example illustrates yet again what I said since less
>sophisticated users (read 99% of users) who use outlook only see one
>"From:" and one "To:" headers which are part of the header/body of the
>email but you do not see the "MAIL FROM" and "RCPT TO" email used during
>transmission and these are really the ones used for actual delivery.

The question for RMX (or the Vixie proposal, which is equivalent so far as I
can see) is not what an end-user sees (whether that's an unsophisticated
user or a sophisticated one) but what the MTA carrying out the check sees.
It sees the envelope MAIL-FROM which is the only thing it can check (an MTA
can't examine the content, it may be encrypted with a key the MTA doesn't
have, it may not conform to any standard the MTA knows about, and so on. It
can prefix the content with a Received From: header, since that doesn't
require understanding the existing content, but it can't reliably do
anything else to the content and in principle it shouldn't try.

<snip>

>This leaves MAIL FROM to be used for RMX validation and
>this is what all current RMX-like drafts propose. But as you quite well
>illustrated the MAIL FROM is not even seen by end-users and it means
>spammer can use one domain for MAIL-FROM (which would random domain
>without any RMX record) and use another domain for "From:" and most users
>will still consider email as having come from the listed "From:" address.
>And as for the "Sender:" header, spammers quite often set that as well.

However, it doesn't mater whether MAIL-FROM is seen by end users. All these
RMX and RMX-like proposals offer is assurance that the MAIL-FROM: header was
not invalid for the MTA from which the mail was received, and so far as I
know they have never purported to do any more than that. They provide a
hop-by-hop check, in effect, not a source to destination check.

However this is a defect of the RMX approach, and verification of the
original source would be much more useful.  I have stated my preference for
a cryptographic often enough.  A new DNS record specifying a key would be
much nicer, and there's no need for certificates or TTPs.  It doesn't
require any more change to existing standards than Vixie's proposal does,
provided that one doesn't expect it to carry across list expanders or other
functions that change the envelope MAIL_FROM without some intelligent
processing by the expander, since conformant transmitters could carry the
signature as part of the helo/oleh.

Tom

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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Tom Thomson [mailto:tthomson@neosinteractive.com] 
> Sent: Tuesday, May 13, 2003 5:18 AM
> To: Alan DeKok; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Does the group have a future?
> 
> 
> I find myself largely in agreement with Alan, although I'm 
> not unsubscribing from ASRG just yet because there's still 
> some [apparently small] chance that the chairman will slap 
> down the trouble-makers instead of those objecting to those 
> who respond to their provocative drivel.  If he doesn't, this 
> reswearch group is never going to achieve anything.

Please see my email from last week regarding the status of the mailing list
and actions that are being taken to ensure progress.
https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg04382.html
.

If you have any specific suggestions beyond those things that I've outlined,
please feel free to send them directly to me.

> Like Alan, I'm trained in problem solving and logic (but 
> unlike Alan my post-grad qualifications are in Mathematics 
> and in Engineering, not in
> physics) so I can recognise illogical and fallacious 
> arguments when I see them.  

That is good. The majority of the people on this list have similar
capabilities. BTW, I spoke with Alan off-list and he decided not to
unsubscribe.


>Unfortunately some of the 
> heaviest posters on ASRG post pretty well nothing but 
> illogical and fallacious arguments except when they are 
> posting unfounded (and easily discovered to be 
> counter-factual) assertions. 

As you will see in my message that I refer to above, I have begun actively
moderating many of the heaviest posters. If anyone observes individuals
whose actions are contrary to the forward progress of this research group,
then please bring them to my attention via personal email.

> And, as Alan says, these are 
> the people who are opposed to pretty well every candidate 
> proposal for a partial solution.

Yes, there are a number of people that have a misunderstanding about what is
needed in a solution. There are a numbe of properties that has caused spam
to grow to the problem that it is today. If we can address this set of
properties then we are able to have some effect on the spam problem. The
goal is to have control over the flow of unwanted messages. Addressing any
subset of these properties provides us with some additional control.
Therefore, we do not have to wait on a silver bullet. Every solution must be
evaluated according to its cost vs benefits including the portion of the
problem that it addresses, the overhead on the users and the infrastructure,
the deployment cycle, robustness to countermeasures, etc. Any criticism of a
proposal must include some compononent of this. Broad and unfounded
statements such as 'this will never work' or 'people will not use this' will
not be allowed.

Also there do exist short-term, medium-term, and long-term goals. This means
that it may make sense to deploy some solutions with limited benefit as
other more complete solutions are still being worked on. Also, every
solution requires some deployment cycle. A reasonable and incremental
deployment cycle is sufficient. A solution does not have to come with a
deployment switch that turns it on in every host overnight.
> 
> If those peddling this nonsense are allowed to continue as at 
> present, Alan's statement
> 	The spam problem will be addressed despite ASRG, not 
> because of it. will be an accurate prophecy.

Those 'peddling this nonsense' are actively being moderated and eventually
brought to a halt. Even currently, the number of potentially productive
members far outnumber the few 'peddlers of nonsense'. I have a number of
conversations ongoing off-list with people that are working on drafts based
on the work items that were put forth. Beyond this, the rest of the
potentially productive members must stand up and contribute. There are a
number of work items that no one has volunteered to move forward.


Paul



> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On 
> Behalf Of Alan DeKok
> Sent: 10 May 2003 17:51
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] What's going on
> 
> 
>   I'm unsubscribing from ASRG.  I'm tired of appeals to 
> authority, misrepresentation of proposals, contradictory 
> reasons for opposition to proposals, and the "duck and cover" 
> approach when peoples objections are directly refuted.
> 
>   As someone trained professionally in problem solving and 
> logic (with a graduate degree in physics), I can recognize 
> illogical and fallacious arguments when I see them, despite 
> not being a recognized authority in DNS, spam, or fawning 
> sycophanty.  ASRG is now divided into two camps: The one 
> proposing solutions, now matter how ugly or awkward; and the 
> one opposing solutions, based mainly on contrary-to-fact arguments.
> 
>   The spam problem will be addressed despite ASRG, not because of it.
> 
>   To all of the people who have had a positive contribution, 
> even when we disagreed, I appreciate your efforts.  To the 
> people who did their best to oppose all contributions, you've 
> got one less person to fight against, and one more reason why 
> you will be successful in preventing the problem from every 
> being solved.
> 
>   Alan DeKok.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
To: "Jacob Palme" <jpalme@dsv.su.se>,
        "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: <Asrg@ietf.org>, "Keith Moore" <moore@cs.utk.edu>,
        "Ned Freed" <ned@mrochek.com>,
        "Dave Crocker" <dcrocker@brandenburg.com>,
        "Pete Resnick" <presnick@qualcomm.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] re: RFC 2076 and spam
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> >>There is no one overall solution that will magically
> >>solve all of our spam problems. We must seek a
> >>combination of several solutions which can significantly
> >>reduce the overall volume of spam.

I'm not so sure that we can't completely re-invent the way that mail is
delivered while also still maintaining compatibility with existing SMTP
servers.  Cutting spam in half means spammers will send twice as much spam.
If we don't invent something that completely and absolutely is not
fool-proof we probably shouldn't do anything at all.  This isn't to say that
someone could not send out undeseriable email solicitations using whatever
we help invent here, but that no one would have to ask "Who really sent this
and where did it come from?"

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From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
To: "Eric S. Johansson" <esj@harvee.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] camram/sender pays e-mail system
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Are you going to produce a WD?

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Eric
> S. Johansson
> Sent: Monday, May 12, 2003 3:34 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] camram/sender pays e-mail system
> 
> 
> Previously, a significant number of folks expressed support for a 
> sender-pays 
> email model, with a fairly vocal group opposed. The problem was, 
> nobody had any 
> real world experience to support their arguments.
> 
> Now we're one step closer to developing that real-world 
> experience. I have 
> completed release 0.1a of Camram. It is a working system, complete with 
> stamp-generation and stamp-validation support.
> 
> The official announcement is as follows:
> 
> Camram is a scalable hybrid spam detection and management system 
> that pioneers a 
> sender-pays e-mail model combined with traffic analysis and 
> Bayesian filtering 
> to combat spam. Camram is immediately effective, but is designed 
> to embrace 
> other anti-spam technologies and strategies as they are developed.
> 
> Core features:
> - Global or local administration models
> - Powerful systemwide or per-user filtering
> - Multiple white-listing mechanisms
> - Support for no notification, simple notification and challenge 
> notification 
> responses
> - Simple web-interface administration
> - Supports mailing-list detection and handling to prevent false 
> identification
> - SMTP proxy for stamp generation and whitelist formation and management
> - Completely decentralized system:
>    - no centralized infrastructure to bog down
>    - no central authority passing judgment on e-mail privileges
>    - scales extremely well
> - User-controlled postage thresholds: users can adapt as spam 
> methods change
> - Pushes "costs" onto the sender:
>    - the spammer "pays" for sending all messages
>    - recipient costs kept to a minimum,
>    - no centralized infrastructure cost
> - Has mechanisms to accommodate pre-stamp environment:
>    - growth can be organic
>    - no dramatic breaks with the past
> - Supports freedom of speech
> - Provides structure for recipient-controlled commercial e-mail 
> environment
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
_______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 15:23:39 +0100

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>> Issues like this:
>> http://www.toyz.org/SpamArrestSpams.html
>>
>> Summary: Alleges SpamArrest harvests sender addresses
>
>I see privacy issues for challenge/response systems, but that's not
>one.  

Perhaps I should have said "data protection" (as we call it in the UK).


>Ths SpamArrest abuse is a potential problem in any system where
>you let a third party with handle your mail.  It is a consideration
>in any system where that involves asking a third party anything about
>mail, including DNS blacklists.
>

Of course the *sender* isn't aware (in advance) that this particular
3rd party is handling the mail. 



>
>I think any spam filtering RFC ought to have a section on privacy
>like the required section on security.
>

That would be nice.  No negative privacy impact is a "requirement".
I think we had a fairly good consensus on the
Requirements...



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<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Hi Jon</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Can you produce the normal spreadsheet of the blackcatsm=
ail
users please?</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>It seems that this is a regular request at the start of
every month</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.0pt;
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<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Regards</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Bernie Friery</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Web Development Manager</span></font></p>

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0.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
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<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Connect Internet Solutions Ltd</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Phone +44 (0)151 794 6699</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Fax&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; +44 (0)151 794 8233</span></=
font></p>

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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 15:30:17 +0100

Please ignore accidental attachment of managers phone number to
last message. It'll be funny right up to the moment he finds out.








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Subject: RE: [Asrg] News Article - CONFESSIONS OF A FORMER SPAMMER    etc.
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An average spam message is 5KB  (high estimate)

That's 40kb

You can host a server for about $100/Mbps/month

There are roughly 2.6M seconds in a month

Therefore you can send about 25 spams/second within a 1Mbps pipe...thus
producing 60+million spams for a $100

Cost is < $0.000002/spam

>
> The guy was only making $1,000 a week sending out 18 million emails.
> That is $7.60 for every MILLION messages he sends. His email servers
> don't even make the minimum wage.
>
> So maybe he was telling the truth and the fact is that small fry like
> him make no real money unless they break the law. I suspect that the
> tales of spam senders making $10,000 a week are bogus.
>
> Now look at it from the other side, how much does a million spams cost?
> I don't think the $1 a message claim is credible but I would doubt the
> figure is less than a cent. That would mean $10,000 in costs to society
> for him to make $7.60.
>
> This is a marginal business that can be pushed under with a small scale
> change in the economics. That does not have to be sender pays. Even small
> scale enforcement of anti-spam laws would push a lot of the small fry
> under.
>
> 		Phill
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>

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To: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 13 May 2003 15:23:39 BST."
             <E19Fagt-0001Ou-00@argon.connect.org.uk> 
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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 10:49:46 -0400

> >I see privacy issues for challenge/response systems, but that's not
> >one.  
> 
> Perhaps I should have said "data protection" (as we call it in the UK).

95/46/ec et seq.

There's no easy fix for the similarity but difference in definition.

There is the issue of describing the data SpamArrest collects. For those
who want to see what another community have attempted, see the P3P Spec,
where we have one descriptive vocabulary (read the schema if you can, and
the text then the schema if you cannot). 

There is the issue of describing what SpamArrest does with the data it
collects, in particular how long it retains it, who it provides it to,
and a special case of that, what access the originator of the data has
to correct (or creatively modify) it. Again, there is one descriptive
vocabulary in the P3P Spec.

> Of course the *sender* isn't aware (in advance) that this particular
> 3rd party is handling the mail. 

Hmm. This is the kind of problem putting data collection policy announcement
into <junk> is supposed to solve. P3P-on-http via a well-known-location, or
as junk-on-forms or junk-on-cookies (I'm one of the proud parents of that)
or junk-on-... is intended to allow (er, xml validation) evaluation of 1st-
and 3rd-party policy statements (that might actually be technically correct).
The receiver could be announcing a 3rd-party redirect.

>> I think any spam filtering RFC ought to have a section on privacy
>> like the required section on security.

Agreed. Of course, it will need to show that "privacy" (aka "data protection")
isn't a subset of "security", or a trivial consequence of use of cryptographic
technique or invisible ink.

> That would be nice.  No negative privacy impact is a "requirement".

The vagueness of this concerns me.

Eric
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'william@elan.net'" <william@elan.net>,
        Tom Thomson
	 <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
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It seems to me that validating a mailing list delivery the transaction would go 
something like:

mail from: thelistsoftware@domain.name
rcpt to: thelistrecipient@otherdomain.name

the from may very well say:

From: somelistposter@stillanotherdomain.name
To: thelist@domain.name, someotherposter@quitealongdomain.name
Cc: me@mydomain.name

[content]

Where RMX does its check (mail-from) the 'tests' would not fail, ie. the list 
software is valid for originating mail from thelistsoftware@domain.name.  I do 
see your point with further checks on the message content headers, but it does 
not appear that the RMX check (as currently proposed) would fail in that 
regard.  Further, if the list software were to deliver with the following 
envelope:

mail from: somelistposter@stillanotherdomain.name
rcpt to: thelistrecipient@otherdomain.name

The RMX check would fail appropriately, as the delivering system (the list 
system) is/would not be allowed to envelope a message using that information. 
 Where you state the MUA may do header re-writing to some effect e.g. adding a 
sender line for example Sender: somelistposter@stillanotherdomain.name.  That 
would be appropriate however, if the line were Sender: 
thelistsoftware@domain.name, while not inaccurate may lead to end-user 'issues' 
with determining an appropriate originator (though not an inaccurate 
originator).

It seems to me that is an implementation issue in two places, a) with the list 
software developer - "am I friendly to RMX capable MTAs" and b) the MUA 
developer - "does my MUA support header rewriting in a way friendly to list 
software"; there may be a third issue with MTA header re-writing (in the first 
case), but IMHO that is not an MUA issue except where it intersects with 
end-user/UI usability (read expected behavior) issues.  Also, I don't think RMX 
considers (in-depth) header rewriting because the FSM of RMX is not involved 
directly in that process.

-e

On Tuesday, May 13, 2003 5:49 AM, william@elan.net [SMTP:william@elan.net] 
wrote:
> You'v already answered your own question. The client/end-user mail reader
> is adding "Sender:" header to the email, that is not a proper behavior,
> the sender should be added by sending MUA or MTA. ...
8<...>8
> The problem is that if you were using "From:" header for RMX validation
> you would as in example below see "william@elan.net" but actual message
> came from "ietf.org" server and so the mail would not be validated and
> would fail RMX. Using "Sender:" headeris also not possible since "Sender:"
> could have been set by by MUA (mine is configured not to do that) and then
> there are different maillist programs and majority will actually not set
> "Sender" or will not reset it to themselve if header already exists
> (some will add 2nd "Sender:" header, but this is rare and considered a bug,
> though I think RFC2828 does not explicitly forbid this), so again it fails
> with mail lists. This leaves MAIL FROM to be used for RMX validation and
> this is what all current RMX-like drafts propose. But as you quite well
> illustrated the MAIL FROM is not even seen by end-users and it means
> spammer can use one domain for MAIL-FROM (which would random domain
> without any RMX record) and use another domain for "From:" and most users
> will still consider email as having come from the listed "From:" address.
> And as for the "Sender:" header, spammers quite often set that as well.
>
> On Tue, 13 May 2003, Tom Thomson wrote:
>
> > william@elan.net wrote on 09 May 2003 at 06:06
...
> > I've appended below the email headers that Outlook reports for the message
> > to which I am replying.  If you think any of these is not correct (ie
> > Outloook has got it wrong) please let me know and I'll take it up with M$.
> > If you don't think any of it is wrong, perhaps you'll not make silly
> > accusations about Outlook in future.
...
> > Received: from www1.ietf.org ([132.151.1.19]) by mail.neosinteractive.com
> > with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.0.2195.5329);
> > 	 Fri, 9 May 2003 13:29:26 +0100
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From: "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
To: "J C Lawrence" <claw@kanga.nu>, "Michael Rubel" <asrg@mikerubel.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] Crypto-based alternative to RMX
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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 16:43:13 +0100
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JCL's objection to RMX that it gives the DNS admin too much control strikes
a chord with me. However, I do think that the DNS admin should have some
control over email from his domain: specifically, he should have control
over who sends mail purporting to be from that domain.  Like JCL, I don't
think he should have control over what mail is sent in the way that RMX
would give him it (mostly because RMX would allow him to force all mail
through some particular MTAs where he could do content filtering).

So I guess we need a proposal which gives the DNS admin the right level of
control.

Here is a first rough idea.

The DNS admin provides a set of public keys as new DNS records (along the
lines of Paul Vixie's proposed Mail From MX records, so no big
implementation hassle for DNS) along with a key index for each key (just a
tag distinguishing it from all the other keys for the same domain).  He
hands out corresponding private keys to people who are authorised to send
email apparently from his domain.  He can choose to have only one key for
everyone, to give different keys to different groups or individuals, to give
some people more than one key, and so on.

Note that there's no trusted third party actring as a CA or anything similar
here.  The domain admin creates key pairs, the public keys don't have to be
certified or signed by anyone.

Then we change the HELO command so that it takes the form

HELO SP <hostname> SP K<key index> SP <seed> SP <expiry date> SP <start
date> SP <signature> CR LF
[where <hostname> SP is optional]
(maybe it would be cleaner to use extended SMTP and put this stuff as
parameters on the MAIL FROM line)
where
  <key index> indicates which of the domains key pairs is used for the
signature
  <seed> is some "random" data
  <expiry date> is the last time at which the signature is to be considered
valid
  <start date> is the time at which the signature was formed
  <signature> is the result of encrypting (RSA, using the private key for
the domain corresponding to <key index>) the contents of the helo line
following K and preceding <signature> concatenated with the adress in the
MAIL_FROM line.

A receiving MTA checks the signature.  If it doesn't work, the message is a
forgery.  If it does work, it's genuine or there's been a replay attack.  If
SP K SP doesn't occur on the helo line, the MTA can't do the checks and we
don't know anything.  If the <key index> is out of range, the message is a
forgery.  If the MTA doesn't do the check, we don't know anything.  If the
MTA is a relay, it should pass the part of the helo line from SP K SP to the
end on to the next MTA in its helo line, but current MTAs certainly wont so
MTAs downstream of them can't do any checks.

This doesn't identify individual senders unless the domain has handed out
individual keys.  If the domain owner wants to get RMX like behaviour and
excercise dictatorial control, he gives the keys to no-one and generates the
signatures in his smart-host. If the domain owner doesn't want to play this
game, he doesn't provide any key records in DNS.

The problems I see are
  replays: could be fixed by signing message body (excluding content
headers, since MTAs can add to these) and is mitigated by the timestamps
  not-attributable mail:  we only identify the domain which has permitted
the sender to use its name.
  mail list expanders have to re-sign if they change the envelope mail_from
  users will leak keys all over the place
  requires change to MUA as well as MTA

The advantages:
  Eliminates the "dictatorship" objection to RMX (but allows domains to be
set up as dictatorships if the domain owner wants them that way)
  It doesn't require certificates and CAs
  It doesn't need a key per mail user, and mail users don't get involved in
generating keys

S-MIME and PGP are technically better than this but require per-user keys
and do require certification (an unsigned PGP key on a PGP key-server is
useless for authentication, isn't it, and completely useless for tracing the
source of an email) which are things to avoid if we want any significant
deployment. They aren't any better about leaking keys (if every user has a
key, many of them will leak their keys). So looking at practicality rather
than technical goodness, I think this could be the basis of something
better.

Tom


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Excellent, these are all good points.  I'll take the lead on compiling a
framework that includes components provided.  I'll probably start with a
simple Table of Contents.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Jon
> Kyme
> Sent: Tuesday, May 13, 2003 10:24 AM
> To: ASRG
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
>
>
> >> Issues like this:
> >> http://www.toyz.org/SpamArrestSpams.html
> >>
> >> Summary: Alleges SpamArrest harvests sender addresses
> >
> >I see privacy issues for challenge/response systems, but that's not
> >one.
>
> Perhaps I should have said "data protection" (as we call it in the UK).
>
>
> >Ths SpamArrest abuse is a potential problem in any system where
> >you let a third party with handle your mail.  It is a consideration
> >in any system where that involves asking a third party anything about
> >mail, including DNS blacklists.
> >
>
> Of course the *sender* isn't aware (in advance) that this particular
> 3rd party is handling the mail.
>
>
>
> >
> >I think any spam filtering RFC ought to have a section on privacy
> >like the required section on security.
> >
>
> That would be nice.  No negative privacy impact is a "requirement".
> I think we had a fairly good consensus on the
> Requirements...
>
>
>

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At 09:21 AM 5/13/2003 -0400, Paul Judge wrote:
>[...] Beyond this, the rest of the
>potentially productive members must stand up and contribute. There are a
>number of work items that no one has volunteered to move forward.
>
>Paul

Can you repost the list of open work items to the list? 

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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 17:28:19 +0100
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On Tuesday, May 13, 2003, at 14:24 Europe/London, Eric Dean wrote:

> I've started a new thread to discuss list detectiom just to be search 
> engine
> friendly.
>
> There seem to be a variety of methods that lists use including 
> preserving
> the original sender as well as sending witht the list's email address. 
>  This
> particular list sends with the list's email address.  For C/R systems, 
> this
> often works fine because you often have to send to a list-subscribe in 
> order
> to join the list.  A C/R will then send a challenge to the list and
> subsequently get denied.
>
> For lists that preserve the sender's email address, a C/R system can 
> be a
> bit unfriendly.  However, we have seen that most list's use a "Sender"
> header somewhere inside the message body.  for example, this list 
> sends:
>
> Sender: asrg-admin@ietf.org
>
> If we encounter such a header, we will then not challenge the sender 
> but
> will require the user to take an action.  I'm not trying to have 
> another C/R
> discussion but rather am interested in the various list detection 
> methods
> available.  I've sorted through procmail to see what methods are 
> available
> to that source and the above was the best I could come up with.

There's lots of good code in SpamAssassin that I added to detect 
legitimate mailing lists. It would probably be a good starting point 
(and it's easy to find - look for the file called "MailingList.pm").

But I don't quite understand. Spammers don't care much who they send 
to, and the bad ones just want to not have to process bounces (which is 
why they use freemail or forged return paths). Surely if you do this 
the spammers are just going to add enough headers in to look like a 
"legitimate" mailing list, and thus force the user to take the action?

I'm speculating, of course, but I don't think it will take long for 
them to decide to do that if it gets widely implemented (spot the 
number of spammers taking steps to bypass SpamAssassin now).

Matt.

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From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
To: "Eric S. Johansson" <esj@harvee.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] RE: camram/sender pays e-mail system
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Sorry, a working draft.  That's the anvil which we chissel out a standard.
I'm assuming you presented your product features as an effort to initiate a
draft rather than shamelessly tout your warez.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Eric S. Johansson [mailto:esj@harvee.org]
> Sent: Tuesday, May 13, 2003 12:02 PM
> To: Eric Dean
> Subject: re: camram/sender pays e-mail system
>
>
> Eric Dean wrote:
>
> > Are you going to produce a WD?
>
> wd?? I'm afraid I don't recognize the abbreviation.
>
> ---eric
>
>
>
>

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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> From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
> To: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>

> ...
> > Of course the *sender* isn't aware (in advance) that this particular
> > 3rd party is handling the mail. 

I'm not sure the SpamArrest crime qualifies as a privacy issue for the
sender.  As a sender, you can't know whether the recipient of your mail
will respect its privacy.  Must every recipient of mail publish some
kind of policy that will be "certified" by an officious uselessness like
TrustE in the U.S?  Even if it is an issue for the sender, it seems the
recipient is on the hook for preventing abuses like SpamArrest's.


> ...
> > That would be nice.  No negative privacy impact is a "requirement".
>
> The vagueness of this concerns me.

That it is an impossible to satisfy requirement bothers me.

Many spam defenses involve consulting third parties.  For examples,
consulting third parties for authentication, to determine whether a
message is bulk, or whether the sender is an infamous spammer are
fundamental to many spam defenses.  In each case, the question
itself divulges information that can be very sensitive.  For example,
knowing that bill.gates@microsoft.com received a message from
steve.jobs@apple.com might be turned into a lot of money on the stock
market.  Letting the FBI know that O.binLaden@example.com received a
message from you could get you an indefinite secret confinement.

As with security, nothing it perfect.  What we can and must do is
minimize and fully disclose the privacy problems of spam defense.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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>
> Here is a first rough idea.
>
> The DNS admin provides a set of public keys as new DNS records (along the
> lines of Paul Vixie's proposed Mail From MX records, so no big
> implementation hassle for DNS) along with a key index for each key (just a
> tag distinguishing it from all the other keys for the same domain).

DNS has a rarely used Options field whereby you can insert various
information.  We were going to use it for DNS-based content delivery
interworking (CDI)..though that WG is all but dead.  We had used it to pass
the source IP of the originating resolver so that the destination CDN could
best geo-position the content.  Such a field might come into play here and
is fully interoperable with all DNS servers..it's simply igntored.


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> >
> >What does this do to automated relay system?

Most use a subscription method.  Messages from unsubscribed senders would
not be permited.  A CR system should not subscribe and if we used a
convention for the CR sender, then that could easily be filtered as well.

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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 13:54:49 -0400

At 12:45 PM 5/13/2003 -0400, Eric Dean wrote:
> >
> > Here is a first rough idea.
> >
> > The DNS admin provides a set of public keys as new DNS records (along the
> > lines of Paul Vixie's proposed Mail From MX records, so no big
> > implementation hassle for DNS) along with a key index for each key (just a
> > tag distinguishing it from all the other keys for the same domain).
>
>DNS has a rarely used Options field whereby you can insert various
>information.  We were going to use it for DNS-based content delivery
>interworking (CDI)..though that WG is all but dead.  We had used it to pass
>the source IP of the originating resolver so that the destination CDN could
>best geo-position the content.  Such a field might come into play here and
>is fully interoperable with all DNS servers..it's simply igntored.

Anytime we want to get involved with DNS, we must keep in mind the current 
state of security of the entire DNS system. If we end up defining some form 
of a DNS-based standard, perhaps we should mandate the use of secure DNS.

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 13:54:49 -0400

At 12:45 PM 5/13/2003 -0400, Eric Dean wrote:
> >
> > Here is a first rough idea.
> >
> > The DNS admin provides a set of public keys as new DNS records (along the
> > lines of Paul Vixie's proposed Mail From MX records, so no big
> > implementation hassle for DNS) along with a key index for each key (just a
> > tag distinguishing it from all the other keys for the same domain).
>
>DNS has a rarely used Options field whereby you can insert various
>information.  We were going to use it for DNS-based content delivery
>interworking (CDI)..though that WG is all but dead.  We had used it to pass
>the source IP of the originating resolver so that the destination CDN could
>best geo-position the content.  Such a field might come into play here and
>is fully interoperable with all DNS servers..it's simply igntored.

Anytime we want to get involved with DNS, we must keep in mind the current 
state of security of the entire DNS system. If we end up defining some form 
of a DNS-based standard, perhaps we should mandate the use of secure DNS.

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

_______________________________________________
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>
> But I don't quite understand. Spammers don't care much who they send
> to, and the bad ones just want to not have to process bounces (which is
> why they use freemail or forged return paths). Surely if you do this
> the spammers are just going to add enough headers in to look like a
> "legitimate" mailing list, and thus force the user to take the action?

Forcing the user to take an action is not a bad thing.  Everyone wants 100%
of their spam dropped with 100% of their valid mail delivered.  Valid mail
is in the eye of the beholder...therefore, there requires beholder actions.
Dropping spam on a server before it's previewed via a client software or via
a browser has significant advantages.

> I'm speculating, of course, but I don't think it will take long for
> them to decide to do that if it gets widely implemented (spot the
> number of spammers taking steps to bypass SpamAssassin now).

Some would argue that spammer would prefer receiving challenge messages and
auto-click any links within the message.  Therefore, mimicking a mailing
list, thus disabling challenges, would mean that a user would just drop the
message without the spammer getting on the whitelist.

It can be argued either way..therefore a spammer will do both.

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Eric Dean wrote:

> Sorry, a working draft.  That's the anvil which we chissel out a standard.
> I'm assuming you presented your product features as an effort to initiate a
> draft rather than shamelessly tout your warez.


In addition to playing a shameless hussy on the net, I must admit to being an 
empiricist at the core which is why I produced a working sender pays system with 
transition features so that people could experiment in the real world instead of 
playing with gedankenexperiment.

so, since I believe enough in sender pay systems to create a prototype, I am 
willing to try and create a working draft.  Do you have a style guide/mentor 
available?

---eric


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 14:14:00 -0400

At 10:48 AM 5/13/2003 +0100, Jon Kyme wrote:

> > Per the request to put together ideas regarding C/R systems below is a
> > brief
> > inventory of some possible areas for a C/R standardization effort. I'm
> > not
> > advocating standardization of any of these...but rather identifying areas
> > that to some are obvious.  The MUST, SHALLs, and MAY's can follow later:
> >
>
>I wonder if there's a case for taking some position on the privacy issues
>involved in CR systems?
>
>Issues like this:
>http://www.toyz.org/SpamArrestSpams.html
>
>Summary: Alleges SpamArrest harvests sender addresses

SpamArrest behavior is no different from a regular MTA operator or an ISP 
harvesting email addresses from all incoming and outgoing email. The only 
difference is since a C/R system must keep a list of verified email 
addresses, this makes it easier.

There are a few additional concerns. For example, the entire "verified" 
sender list as related to a specific email account is essentially a record 
of all people who sent emails to that user (its his address book 
essentially). What keeps the government from issuing subpoena against that 
information or some hacker breaking in and stealing it? I can easily hear 
an industry executive, lets say john.doe@microsoft.com, being fired for 
flirting with competitors via some email system after Microsoft obtained 
the his verified senders list via a subpoena. Or a Chinese dissedent being 
executed after a government hacker steals his "verified" senders database. 
One other possible concern is the possibility of spammer stealing the 
entire "white list" database. The same concerns also apply to a block list 
that is kept by users. Even though it is possible to avoid SOME issues by 
using a system wide white-list of verified senders instead of user-specific 
white-lists, a block or blacklist must be specific to each user.

A possible way around might be is based on approaches outlined by Peter 
Wayner in his book "Translucent Databases" regarding storing private data. 
Instead of storing the actual email address in the database, we might store 
a one-way hash of it, lets say MD5. When emails are sent and received, the 
sender's email address is hashed and compared against the database. This 
way if anyone ends up wanting to use the database, it would be impossible 
since there will be no email addresses in it. Of course it would still be 
possible to check a specific email address against or use some form of a 
dictionary attack, but that is left to be discussed (using a salt value 
will not help since we are trying to avoid the possibility of someone who 
has access to the database from using the data).

And last, another concern that has been bothering me with C/R, is the 
possible death of anonymous remailers with such system. There are numerous 
one-way anonymous remailers in existence, many of which are 
mixmaster-based. They allow people to send anonymous email one way which 
may be very important for people in countries with oppressive regimes. With 
a C/R system these remailers would essentially be killed unless their 
administrator starts replying to each message individually. Spammers 
currently do not use anonymous remailers (at least I am not aware of it) 
since they have many other ways to send spam. Will they start using them, 
if other tactics will not work?

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1543.txt?number=1543

Always a good starting point...and then proceed to read RFC821
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc821.txt?number=821  ... might come in handy
before you take over the world.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Eric S. Johansson [mailto:esj@harvee.org]
> Sent: Tuesday, May 13, 2003 2:09 PM
> To: Eric Dean; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: camram/sender pays e-mail system
>
>
> Eric Dean wrote:
>
> > Sorry, a working draft.  That's the anvil which we chissel out
> a standard.
> > I'm assuming you presented your product features as an effort
> to initiate a
> > draft rather than shamelessly tout your warez.
>
>
> In addition to playing a shameless hussy on the net, I must admit
> to being an
> empiricist at the core which is why I produced a working sender
> pays system with
> transition features so that people could experiment in the real
> world instead of
> playing with gedankenexperiment.
>
> so, since I believe enough in sender pay systems to create a
> prototype, I am
> willing to try and create a working draft.  Do you have a style
> guide/mentor
> available?
>
> ---eric
>
>
>

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> Why would I write it up when the authors of RFC 821 and RFC 2821
> already did?  Or have I misunderstood section 4.1.1.1 of RFC 2821 and
> section 3.5 of RFC 821?

Yeah, OK, my bad - sometimes I manage to say the stupidest things.  The
point I meant top make was that it's now a domain name not a hostname, and a
domain name doesn't necessarily have a corresponding IP address because it
may not be a hostname.

> Please also consider the possibility that since I do not favor RMX,

That's something we have in common - I just object to arguments against that
appear not to be based on the technical and practical realities.

> I also do not favor this check.

Neither do I!

> If the requirement that the HELO
> value be the MTA's domain name were not more than 20 years old, I
> would be unlikely to spend much time documenting it.

If you go back 20 years it's <hostname> not <domain>.  Also, the requirement
isn't generally observed (which I think is a pity, so I probably disagree
with you on that).

> > >The reason to check reverse DNS name is to cover the case when the
> > >SMTP client is authorized to send mail for more than one domain name.
> >
> > Some MTAs will need (tens of) thousands of rDNS answers - quite a big
DNS
> > transaction to get all those back (unless of course you are proposing
that
> > no host can act as outgoing MTA for more than one domain - now that
would
> > cause quite an upheaval, probably do more economic damage than all the
> > spammers in the world).
>
> Yes, MTAs processing lots of mail make many reverse DNS lookups, but
> checking reverse DNS names would not require additional DNS lookups
> for most mail.  The reverse DNS name of the SMTP client for most mail
> is already checked by SMTP servers.  That is how SMTP servers add
> Received:  headers naming the SMTP client.

That only flies if the rDNS is present.  The times when it isn't present are
the times when the alternative would be to have very large numbers of
reverse addresses entries, so that there would be a very big overhead on
mail sent.

> > Even then, it just doesn't work: the MTA you see is the ISPs outbound
MTA
> > (many ISPs block port 25, of course, so their users have to relay
through
> > the ISP's outbound MTA), not the originator's mail client machine, and
the
> > originator's mail client machine will not have the same domain name as
that
> > MTA (unless of course part of your proposal is to allow lots of hosts
owned
> > by lots of different organisations all to have the same domain name
instead
> > of having domain names connected with the organisations, which is rather
a
> > big change to the internet as we currently understand it).
>
> What's that about "doesn't work" and "big changes"?  Common MTA software
> including sendmail can say "possibly forged" or similar comments when
> confronted with mismatches.  It is also trivial to tell sendmail to
> reject mail that fails such checks among sender address, reverse DNS
> name, and HELO value, because sendmail already makes the DNS lookups
> and then checks the values.

Well, try this for an example.  Five small companies have their own domains.
They all use the same ISP.  They all use the ISP's MTA for trannsmission.
So when your receiving MTA sees email it has an envelope MAIL-FROM
specifying perhaps p.deneuve@sc1.fr and a helo <domain>  bigisp.fr and the
rdns of the ip address of the MTA is smpthost1.rouen.bigisp.fr.
Neither the rDNS value nor the helo domain matches sc1.fr so the mail fails.
Similarly, when the alain.duval@sc2.fr sends, sc2.fr doesn't match so the
mail fails. And so on.  That's if it even gets that far - does
smtphost1.rouen.bigisp.fr match isp1.fr, or do you refuse teh connection
because it's not the same string?  Or does the problem get fixed because the
ip address of that MTA has lots of rverse records - all of
smtphost1.rouen.bigisp.fr, sc1.fr, sc2.fr, sc3.fr, sc4.fr (and two thousand
more completely separate domains of two thousand more small companies in
southern Britany which just happen to use this ISP) as well as also
bigisp.fr?  If most of the MTAs on the net implement the checks as you
describe, then either such a machine does indeed have thousands of reverse
DNS records or biisp's business model is somewhat broken and he'd better
stop blocking port 25 (and as he hasn't done that, doesn't have 2537 reverse
DNS records for that IP address, and hasn't gone bust yet either, I think
you may be mistaken).  Now of course if all those small companies and their
ISP all renamed their domains so that they had the same domain name, and all
their individual machines each had the same hostname, this multiplicitly of
domain names for which the MTA is acting would go away - but it wouldn't be
any part of the internet as we know it today.

> Many messages ago in this mailing list Paul Vixie pointed out that MX
> records can do today exactly what rMX might do someday with a new, to
> be defined RR.  He pointed out that most outbound MTAs are also inbound
> MTAs and so are named by MX RRs (or there are no relevant MX RRs and
> their A RR serves the same purpose).  Outbound MTAs that are not
> inbound MTAs and so do not answer port 25 need only have new MX RRs
> defined with very large preference.

Paul Vixies proposal had MAIL FROM MX records, the priority in them was not
very large but 0, and he carefully pointed out the issue of inbound and
outbound MTAs being not the same (and provided an example of the two
distinct sets of ordinary MX records and MAIL FROM MX records which
illustrated this) rather than claiming that mostly they were the same
(unless I've been reading a proposal by a different bloke with the same
name, which is of course possible if you've managed to impose on people the
sort of change you seem to suggest would be acceptable for hosts and
domains).  I think you do him a disservice by misinterpreting his very
useful work.

Tom


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Crypto-based alternative to RMX
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On Tue, 13 May 2003, Tom Thomson wrote:
>   Eliminates the "dictatorship" objection to RMX (but allows domains to be
> set up as dictatorships if the domain owner wants them that way)

Hi Tom,

Just to clarify, RMX-like proposals give a sending domain the ability to
act as dictator if its owner wishes, but do not mandate that it act as
dictator.  The domain owner may choose not to filter outgoing content.  
(Indeed, if RMX were available to me, I would definitely not
content-filter outgoing messages from other users at my domain, except in
the context of virus defense--in which case it would be an optional
feature).  This decision would fall under the scope of a privacy policy.

Your crypto-based alternative also allows the domain owner to act as 
dictator if he/she wishes, by withholding the signing key.  There are 
security advantages to going this way, even if there is no intent to 
filter, since it prevents the key leakage.

So would you say that the principal advantage of the crypto approach is
that it prevents the domain from acting as dictator while plausibly
denying same?

If so, do you believe this advantage is worth the additional 
implementation cost?

Please bear in mind that a user may choose any domain on the Internet
willing to offer mail service, and may even operate his/her own domain.
This seems vastly less restrictive than the current situation, wherein the
user would be left with few options if his/her ISP started filtering
outgoing mail (intercept outbound port 25).  The ISP also has an incentive
to do so--to avoid being blacklisted!

Thanks,
Mike

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
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At 10:05 PM 5/12/2003 -0400, Eric Dean wrote:

> > However, one problem with C/R systems is that spammers do not currently
> > have an incentive to break them since there are many other ways to send
> > spam. If C/R systems become wide spread, spammers will have an
> > incentive to
> > attack them and perhaps (gasp) even manage to break them.
>
>Well, we better build something they can't break.  There are many, many
>smart people on this list that can surely put something  together over time
>
> > How would a whitelist handle mailing lists? What about automated computer
> > programs that notify users, like Ebay's auction bots? And what about
> > anonymous email, if C/R is implemented everywhere, can anyone send
> > anonymous email anymore? What about opt-in email that the receiver forgot
> > about the original opt-in? And email that is sent from different email
> > addresses everytime (like some mailing lists)?
>
>All of these are important tactical issues..any more?

What is the intent of a C/R system? Is it merely to double-check the 
sender's email address to make sure it is working and valid, or is it also 
to make sure that the sender is a human being and not a computer? If it is 
only the first, that we are trying to make sure that the sender has a valid 
email address, then it might make sense to develop an automated C/R 
protocol that can be used by email clients and senders' MTAs to reply to 
the challenge. This will take care of issues like dealing with lists, 
automated bots and anonymous remailers - the list server will simply reply 
to the response via this automated protocol. It will also hide the C/R 
process from users. The obvious flaw is that the spammer will use it too - 
but they will have to use a valid email address to do it, or own their own 
MTA and domain (which is not a problem since we already see spammers owning 
name servers). However, if the intent of C/R systems is to make sure that 
the sender is human, than it essentially must perform a Turing test. 
Current techniques include using specially coded graphic images, etc.

I personally think that the intent of the C/R systems is to make sure that 
the originating email is valid. Thus it would make sense to have an 
automatic protocol for verification which can be utilized by systems to do 
so. This way we will undo one of the problems that the open nature of the 
Internet currently has - lack of checking who sent email, without disabling 
ability for machines to send emails. I don't think we should be seeking to 
create systems that verify whether the sender is human since the Net is 
full of computers sending email too - many of which are very useful and are 
not spammers.

One way to implement this automated C/R protocol is by using headers 
similar to the "return receipt" feature defined in RFCs 1894 and 2298.

Yakov



---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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> The advantage of Paul Vixie's proposal is, that it doesn't require
> a new DNS RR type. 
> 
> The disadvantage is, that it is error prone and takes a high overhead:
> 
> There are providers who provide services for 20..2,000,000 domains. 
> Since in this proposal the domain zone tables must list every single
> mail relay, all zone tables must be updated if the provider installs
> an additional relay. If the provider does have access to the zone
> tables, this is just a heap of work. If the provider does not have
> access to the zone tables, then it is a severe overhead and delay
> to inform all the domain owners and ask them to update their tables.
> When writing your domain table, you need a detailed list of the 
> relays your provider has. At least you need to know the number of
> relays. In reality, it would certainly look like this:
> 
> .. MX  relay0.provider.com
>        relay1.provider.com
>        relay2.provider.com
> 
> But you will always have to update the list if the provider uses
> one more relay than you have listed. 
> 
> That's why RMX uses an indirection step through the provider's 
> APL records. It's a design criterion to avoid this overhead and
> delay.

Wouldn't it be fairly easy to overcome this problem pretty trivially?

For example 
	- allow wild card characters in the record, or
	- specify the containing domain rather than the fully qualified name, or
	- use the same indirection as the RMX proposal

Tom

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>   This is where ssh-tunnelling and webmail-over-SSL come in *VERY*
> handy.  If a company can afford to send an executive to a faraway city
> and pay for a laptop, they can afford to install ssh on his/her laptop.

Yes, I agree, that is the proper solution for the roaming sender (even
though it would reduce my employers' revenues - we provide some of those
hotel systems).  But persuading these rich companys to do the right thing is
not easy.  Now if SSL came out of the box with Windows XP and MACOS X the
issue would go away pretty quick.

Tom

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200305131933.h4DJXG9k022281@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 13:33:16 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>

> ...
> Instead of storing the actual email address in the database, we might store 
> a one-way hash of it, lets say MD5. When emails are sent and received, the 
> sender's email address is hashed and compared against the database. This 
> way if anyone ends up wanting to use the database, it would be impossible 
> since there will be no email addresses in it. Of course it would still be 
> possible to check a specific email address against or use some form of a 
> dictionary attack, ...

Which implies that in the cases that matter, nothing is hidden.  Dictionary
attacks are easy when you know what you're looking for.  This is one
reason why the DCC procotol does not include a checksum for the target.
That's not a complete solution, but it's not as bad as the C/R case
where the database would consist of a recipient and a set of senders.

It seems me that the right answer for a C/R system is to treat the
data as equally sensitive as users' addressbooks.  Do not use
crypto-hashes, lest you tempt the unthinking or salescritters into
claiming that the data is not sensitive.  Never unthinkingly trust
third parties with the C/R database.


> ...
> And last, another concern that has been bothering me with C/R, is the 
> possible death of anonymous remailers with such system. ...

Such concerns assume that C/R systems might be used by a majority of
users.  Doesn't experience with existing C/R systems show that is unlike?

One of the saving graces of a C/R system is that it does not need to
be deployed over most of the Internet before it has any effect.  Don't
waste that advantage by treating it as if it were or could be the final
solution against spam.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Crypto-based alternative to RMX
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> From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>

> ...
> Anytime we want to get involved with DNS, we must keep in mind the current 
> state of security of the entire DNS system. If we end up defining some form 
> of a DNS-based standard, perhaps we should mandate the use of secure DNS.

Speaking of the current state of security of the entire DNS system,
have you been watching the years long saga of DNSSEC?  Given the local
rule that deployment considerations matter, are you sure you'd want
to tie any spam defense to DNSSEC?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 15:36:47 -0400



The ASRG now has a website that can be found at: http://www.irtf.org/asrg/ .

Everyone should visit this site and be familiar with all of the documents
there. It contains the list of ASRG work items, the current drafts that have
been proposed, a list of documents that need leaders, the charter of the
group, the presentations from the meetings and so on. 

It also explains the guidelines that were proposed for posting to the list.
Everyone must read and follow these guidelines moving forward. If anyone has
a problem with this, respond directly to me with your comments or
suggestions.

There may be some documents that are missing. This is not intentional.
Please respond to me directly with any suggestions about the website.



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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 15:06:43 -0500

Boy, what I REALLY need is an RMX system so that this guy doesn't black-list
me.

 I also thought this might be fun- any suggested replies?

-Damon 



> From: 	Security & Abuse Department[SMTP:ABUSE@PNWX.COM]
> Sent: 	Tuesday, May 13, 2003 1:20:53 PM
> To: 	postmaster@; hostmaster@; 
> Subject: 	WE HAVE JUST BLACKLISTED xxx.xxx.xxx.0/24 BECUASE YOUR BRAIN
DEAD MAIL SERVER APPARENTLY SENDS AUTO RESPONSES TO SPOOFED ADDRESSES IN
SPAM. WE HAVE SENT NO E-MAIL WARRANTING THIS AUTO-ACK!
> Auto forwarded by a Rule
> 
We received an auto-response(s) from your mail server spam scanner. It's
claiming we are sending out spam. It would seem that your system is the
victim of Joe Jobs. Spammers, unlike other e-mail senders SPOOF the From:
and Reply-To: headers with addresses from the victims they wish to attack.
Rest assured WE ARE NOT SENDING OUT SPAM!

We do have to chastise you for using a broken mail server that sends these
"auto-replys". Having a mail server send such replies is brain dead because
it can easily be used to send trash to someone who had nothing to do with
it.

NOTICE: WE HAVE FIREWALLED THE C-BLOCK THAT THIS MAIL SERVER RESIDES IN TILL
WE RECEIVE A RESPONSE FROM YOU STATING THAT THIS PROBLEM HAS BEEN
RESOLVED!!!


Security & Abuse Department
pnwx.com


*****
"The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to
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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 16:34:39 -0400

At 01:35 PM 5/13/2003 -0600, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> > From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
>
> > ...
> > Anytime we want to get involved with DNS, we must keep in mind the current
> > state of security of the entire DNS system. If we end up defining some 
> form
> > of a DNS-based standard, perhaps we should mandate the use of secure DNS.
>
>Speaking of the current state of security of the entire DNS system,
>have you been watching the years long saga of DNSSEC?  Given the local
>rule that deployment considerations matter, are you sure you'd want
>to tie any spam defense to DNSSEC?

No I am not sure - I am just trying to point out that security is an issue 
with DNS, and anything relying on DNS should take that into consideration.

Yakov 

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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 16:33:15 -0400

At 01:33 PM 5/13/2003 -0600, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> > From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
>
> > ...
> > Instead of storing the actual email address in the database, we might 
> store
> > a one-way hash of it, lets say MD5. When emails are sent and received, the
> > sender's email address is hashed and compared against the database. This
> > way if anyone ends up wanting to use the database, it would be impossible
> > since there will be no email addresses in it. Of course it would still be
> > possible to check a specific email address against or use some form of a
> > dictionary attack, ...
>
>Which implies that in the cases that matter, nothing is hidden.  Dictionary
>attacks are easy when you know what you're looking for.  This is one
>reason why the DCC procotol does not include a checksum for the target.
>That's not a complete solution, but it's not as bad as the C/R case
>where the database would consist of a recipient and a set of senders.

Nevertheless using hashes instead of password will not allow the owner of 
the C/R system to spam all the senders like SpamArrest did. I am not 
advocating a specific solution, just a need for one - more thought must go 
into this area.

Yakov 

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] News Article - CONFESSIONS OF A FORMER SPAMMER    etc.
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Someone should send their doubts about this guy's income claims to the
IRS snitch line, including his article indicating the discrepancy
between what he says he made and what his (ahem) colleagues made.

The whole article seems to be woven together lies.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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Subject: [Asrg] C/R - What people say
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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 17:26:12 -0400

Here are a few links to some interesting articles on possible problems with 
C/R systems:

http://db.tidbits.com/getbits.acgi?tbart=07181
http://www.politechbot.com/p-04746.html


The biggest problem seem to be dealing with mailing lists. An interesting 
quote from one article on existing solutions and rules:

"A relatively easy to solve problem with challenge systems is that most of
them are written by dimwits who don't understand the way that e-mail
really works.  In 1983 the 4.3BSD Berkeley Unix "vacation"  program
correctly dealt with mail from lists and other mechanical sources, yet 20
years later I still see out-of-office replies from Lotus Notes and MS
Exchange to list mail every day."

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> I personally think that the intent of the C/R systems is to make
> sure that
> the originating email is valid. Thus it would make sense to have an
> automatic protocol for verification which can be utilized by
> systems to do
> so.

Yes, if we could come up with a standard for C/R, then it would seem
appropriate that a mail client would be able to auto-verify any challenge
that came in response to a recipient that had been recently sent a message.
I'll throw out a light framework within the next day or two that we can
start insulting.  Requires coffee and post-midnight to truly think.

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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: "'Sauer, Damon'" <Damon.Sauer@BellSouth.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Suggested reply?
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Damon Sauer wrote:
>any suggested replies?
	You can't reply... If the email is correct, your mailserver has
been firewalled by these folk and so your reply can't be delivered...
	Was there ever a better case against blacklisting?

		bob wyman

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Sauer, Damon
Sent: Tuesday, May 13, 2003 4:07 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: [Asrg] Suggested reply?


Boy, what I REALLY need is an RMX system so that this guy doesn't
black-list me.

 I also thought this might be fun- any suggested replies?

-Damon 



> From: 	Security & Abuse Department[SMTP:ABUSE@PNWX.COM]
> Sent: 	Tuesday, May 13, 2003 1:20:53 PM
> To: 	postmaster@; hostmaster@; 
> Subject: 	WE HAVE JUST BLACKLISTED xxx.xxx.xxx.0/24 BECUASE YOUR
BRAIN
DEAD MAIL SERVER APPARENTLY SENDS AUTO RESPONSES TO SPOOFED ADDRESSES IN
SPAM. WE HAVE SENT NO E-MAIL WARRANTING THIS AUTO-ACK!
> Auto forwarded by a Rule
> 
We received an auto-response(s) from your mail server spam scanner. It's
claiming we are sending out spam. It would seem that your system is the
victim of Joe Jobs. Spammers, unlike other e-mail senders SPOOF the
From: and Reply-To: headers with addresses from the victims they wish to
attack. Rest assured WE ARE NOT SENDING OUT SPAM!

We do have to chastise you for using a broken mail server that sends
these "auto-replys". Having a mail server send such replies is brain
dead because it can easily be used to send trash to someone who had
nothing to do with it.

NOTICE: WE HAVE FIREWALLED THE C-BLOCK THAT THIS MAIL SERVER RESIDES IN
TILL WE RECEIVE A RESPONSE FROM YOU STATING THAT THIS PROBLEM HAS BEEN
RESOLVED!!!


Security & Abuse Department
pnwx.com


*****
"The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity
to which it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary,
and/or privileged material.  Any review, retransmission, dissemination
or other use of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this
information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient is
prohibited.  If you received this in error, please contact the sender
and delete the material from all computers."
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R - What people say
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Well, I use a CR system and am subscribed to various mailing lists.  We use
the Sender header to exempt challenges.

The problems are generally related to the effectiveness CR but I have some
ideas of how stateful servers and/or client software can help improve that.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Yakov
> Shafranovich
> Sent: Tuesday, May 13, 2003 5:26 PM
> To: Eric Dean; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] C/R - What people say
>
>
> Here are a few links to some interesting articles on possible
> problems with
> C/R systems:
>
> http://db.tidbits.com/getbits.acgi?tbart=07181
> http://www.politechbot.com/p-04746.html
>
>
> The biggest problem seem to be dealing with mailing lists. An interesting
> quote from one article on existing solutions and rules:
>
> "A relatively easy to solve problem with challenge systems is that most of
> them are written by dimwits who don't understand the way that e-mail
> really works.  In 1983 the 4.3BSD Berkeley Unix "vacation"  program
> correctly dealt with mail from lists and other mechanical sources, yet 20
> years later I still see out-of-office replies from Lotus Notes and MS
> Exchange to list mail every day."
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>

_______________________________________________
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Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Suggested reply?
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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 19:41:32 -0400

We should take this into account - when blacklisting someone, provide an 
email address for the admin where the blacklisted party can communicate 
with the owner of the system.

At 05:29 PM 5/13/2003 -0400, Bob Wyman wrote:

>Damon Sauer wrote:
> >any suggested replies?
>         You can't reply... If the email is correct, your mailserver has
>been firewalled by these folk and so your reply can't be delivered...
>         Was there ever a better case against blacklisting?
>
>                 bob wyman
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>Sauer, Damon
>Sent: Tuesday, May 13, 2003 4:07 PM
>To: asrg@ietf.org
>Subject: [Asrg] Suggested reply?
>
>
>Boy, what I REALLY need is an RMX system so that this guy doesn't
>black-list me.
>
>  I also thought this might be fun- any suggested replies?
>
>-Damon
>
>
>
> > From:         Security & Abuse Department[SMTP:ABUSE@PNWX.COM]
> > Sent:         Tuesday, May 13, 2003 1:20:53 PM
> > To:   postmaster@; hostmaster@;
> > Subject:      WE HAVE JUST BLACKLISTED xxx.xxx.xxx.0/24 BECUASE YOUR
>BRAIN
>DEAD MAIL SERVER APPARENTLY SENDS AUTO RESPONSES TO SPOOFED ADDRESSES IN
>SPAM. WE HAVE SENT NO E-MAIL WARRANTING THIS AUTO-ACK!
> > Auto forwarded by a Rule
> >
>We received an auto-response(s) from your mail server spam scanner. It's
>claiming we are sending out spam. It would seem that your system is the
>victim of Joe Jobs. Spammers, unlike other e-mail senders SPOOF the
>From: and Reply-To: headers with addresses from the victims they wish to
>attack. Rest assured WE ARE NOT SENDING OUT SPAM!
>
>We do have to chastise you for using a broken mail server that sends
>these "auto-replys". Having a mail server send such replies is brain
>dead because it can easily be used to send trash to someone who had
>nothing to do with it.
>
>NOTICE: WE HAVE FIREWALLED THE C-BLOCK THAT THIS MAIL SERVER RESIDES IN
>TILL WE RECEIVE A RESPONSE FROM YOU STATING THAT THIS PROBLEM HAS BEEN
>RESOLVED!!!
>
>
>Security & Abuse Department
>pnwx.com
>
>
>*****
>"The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity
>to which it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary,
>and/or privileged material.  Any review, retransmission, dissemination
>or other use of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this
>information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient is
>prohibited.  If you received this in error, please contact the sender
>and delete the material from all computers."
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
CC: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R - What people say
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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 16:31:11 -0700
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Eric,

ED> Well, I use a CR system and am subscribed to various mailing lists.  We use
ED> the Sender header to exempt challenges.


What is the procedure to "exempt" challenges?

Does it require whitelisting the sender field value ahead of time?

Do we expect the general user population to do this kind of procedure?

Do we expect spammers not to use these exempted values?

And then there is the matter of spam sent TO the mailing list.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R - What people say
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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 18:52:15 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>

> Well, I use a CR system and am subscribed to various mailing lists.  We use
> the Sender header to exempt challenges.
> ...

How does that operate?  What Sender values garner exceptions, and why
won't more spammers use them if there are any?  Or by "exception,"
do you mean that the mail is immediately discarded unchallenged?

About 5% of the last 29,319 spam caught in my traps have Sender headers.
Some of the streams of spam follow all of the forms that I know of
for a mailing list.  Here is a sample from a stream that you should
recognize, since it's from the hard working entity that sometimes
calls itself "Drew Lanzetta":

    From: Spec Sheet <ssha@all.at>
    To: vj@calcite.rhyolite.com
    Subject: Stockgroup Signs Licensing Agreement with Time Warner
    Date: Mon, 12 May 2003 13:56:33 -0700
    MIME-Version: 1.0
    Content-Type: text/html
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    ancepages.com>
    MIME-Version: 1.0
    Content-Type: text/html

Note that those headers are exactly as they appeared on the wire before
my MTA did anything to them, including adding a Received: header.

Well, "Drew Lanzetta" doesn't include List-ID header, and I don't see
any recent spam in my traps that does.  
However, there is plenty in NANAS.  See
http://groups.google.com/groups?q=+%22list-id%22+group%3A*abuse.sightings


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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CC: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
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Eric Dean wrote:

>>I personally think that the intent of the C/R systems is to make
>>sure that
>>the originating email is valid. Thus it would make sense to have an
>>automatic protocol for verification which can be utilized by
>>systems to do
>>so.
> 
> 
> Yes, if we could come up with a standard for C/R, then it would seem
> appropriate that a mail client would be able to auto-verify any challenge
> that came in response to a recipient that had been recently sent a message.
> I'll throw out a light framework within the next day or two that we can
> start insulting.  Requires coffee and post-midnight to truly think.

we went over this terrain in the camram project a couple of years ago.  Anytime 
you make a response something that can be auto responded to, you create a hole 
for spammers.  one thing I believe to be very important is a list of signatures 
for messages recently sent and the challenge should contain a matching signature 
for the message it is challenging.  That way, when the challenge is handled, the 
mail user agent can verify that the client really did send a message the 
challenge was returned for by matching signature and destination address.

This is part of protocol I'm using for handling postage due notices 
automatically within camram.  I'll elaborate more tomorrow if folks are interested.

---eric


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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 22:07:11 -0400

At 09:16 PM 5/13/2003 -0400, Eric S. Johansson wrote:

>Eric Dean wrote:
>
>>>I personally think that the intent of the C/R systems is to make
>>>sure that
>>>the originating email is valid. Thus it would make sense to have an
>>>automatic protocol for verification which can be utilized by
>>>systems to do
>>>so.
>>
>>Yes, if we could come up with a standard for C/R, then it would seem
>>appropriate that a mail client would be able to auto-verify any challenge
>>that came in response to a recipient that had been recently sent a message.
>>I'll throw out a light framework within the next day or two that we can
>>start insulting.  Requires coffee and post-midnight to truly think.
>
>we went over this terrain in the camram project a couple of years 
>ago.  Anytime you make a response something that can be auto responded to, 
>you create a hole for spammers.  one thing I believe to be very important 
>is a list of signatures for messages recently sent and the challenge 
>should contain a matching signature for the message it is 
>challenging.  That way, when the challenge is handled, the mail user agent 
>can verify that the client really did send a message the challenge was 
>returned for by matching signature and destination address.
>
>This is part of protocol I'm using for handling postage due notices 
>automatically within camram.  I'll elaborate more tomorrow if folks are 
>interested.

As I mentioned before what we are trying to figure out is the intent of C/R 
systems. We are aware that an automatic procotol can create a hole for 
spammers but at least the spammers must have a valid return address. The 
question remains: are C/R systems intended to verify that the message 
arrived from a valid email address or are they intended to make sure the 
sender is human?

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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To: "Eric S. Johansson" <esj@harvee.org>
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> we went over this terrain in the camram project a couple of years
> ago.  Anytime
> you make a response something that can be auto responded to, you
> create a hole
> for spammers.  one thing I believe to be very important is a list
> of signatures
> for messages recently sent and the challenge should contain a
> matching signature
> for the message it is challenging.  That way, when the challenge
> is handled, the
> mail user agent can verify that the client really did send a message the
> challenge was returned for by matching signature and destination address.

Well...what I'm thinking would allow for both.  I'm in the midst of writing
this up.  But we should support both an automated method of challenge
response verification as well as a manual method handled by the user.  In
this manner we would eliminate a certain type of spam..that which is forged.
Other types of spam would get handled in a different manner.

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>
> > From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
>
> > Well, I use a CR system and am subscribed to various mailing
> lists.  We use
> > the Sender header to exempt challenges.
> > ...
>
> How does that operate?

If we see a Sender header, we don't return a challenge.  The user will
verify the sender or block it.  For a list, the very first email from the
list requires verification and then the mail flows.

> What Sender values garner exceptions, and why
> won't more spammers use them if there are any?

They are more than welcome to use Sender headers...messages will sit in
quarantine as do any spam.

> Or by "exception,"
> do you mean that the mail is immediately discarded unchallenged?

The messages sit in quarantine awaiting the user's action as do all spams.


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> What is the procedure to "exempt" challenges?

Just simply look for the Sender header..if it's present then we don't send a
challenge...the user must verify the sender.

> Does it require whitelisting the sender field value ahead of time?

or afterwards.  We have white, black, and greylists.  By default, user's get
greylisted.

> Do we expect the general user population to do this kind of procedure?

Good question...I asked what other list detection methods are used?

> Do we expect spammers not to use these exempted values?

I don't think we can expect anything from spammers..other than they will end
spam

> And then there is the matter of spam sent TO the mailing list.

Yeah..well..that always sucks.

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> From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>

> ...
> If we see a Sender header, we don't return a challenge.  The user will
> verify the sender or block it.  For a list, the very first email from the
> list requires verification and then the mail flows.

> ...
> The messages sit in quarantine awaiting the user's action as do all spams.

There should be a difference between "quarantine" and the user's
mailbox.  Spam you must read is not spam that has been filtered.  You
never see filtered spam.  So what is the false positive rate for a
user typical who very rarely if ever subscribes to mailing lists and
only checks "quarantine" hen expecting the first messages from a newly
subscribed mailing list?


Too many so called spam defense are are merely computer games in which
the goal is to make software identify spam.  These games not only do
not save any user time, CPU cycles, disk space, or bandwidth, but
increase the consumption of all those.  A spam system that requires you
to check all supposed spam to see that it really is is not a spam defense.
The spammer doesn't care whether you see its ad in your main mailbox
or your "spam folder," and neither should you.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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> There should be a difference between "quarantine" and the user's
> mailbox.

Agreed...sorry if I'm confusing.

> Spam you must read is not spam that has been filtered.

In the same breath..we should distinguish between filtered and quarantined.

>  You
> never see filtered spam.  So what is the false positive rate for a
> user typical who very rarely if ever subscribes to mailing lists and
> only checks "quarantine" hen expecting the first messages from a newly
> subscribed mailing list?

Well...without getting into  our in-house implementation specifics (not
because I'm shy or find it to be proprietary but because this is a research
group), we find that users check their quarantine quite regularly..in fact
we send them a digest of the quarantine periodically.

> Too many so called spam defense are are merely computer games in which
> the goal is to make software identify spam.  These games not only do
> not save any user time, CPU cycles, disk space, or bandwidth, but
> increase the consumption of all those.  A spam system that requires you
> to check all supposed spam to see that it really is is not a spam defense.

Let's see, we save time when the challenges bounce..and drop the spam before
it's ever presented to the user.  We also save time by not downloading the
spam from the quarantine server to the user.

CPU cycles..never counted them..might save them..might not...my CPU runs
really, really low anyway.  But I don't get the pop-ups and other annoying
things from spam that probably take a cycle or two.

Disk space...spam is dropped before it's downloaded to your computer.  We
save disk space.

Bandwidth...it's dropped before it's downloaded

I would also add the offensiveness...I'm not aware of a case, but you'd
think some companies might get sued for harassment if employees are
bombarded with endless spam and don't take countermeasures.

> The spammer doesn't care whether you see its ad in your main mailbox
> or your "spam folder," and neither should you.

We present only the Sender, Date, Subject, and a small text block to let the
user determine whether they want to permit, block the sender or forward,
drop the message.  Because the HTML never executes, the spammer has no idea
whether the email account is valid or not.  But these are specific to our
implementation.  In short, I can claim that the user never reads the
spam..therefore the spammer never gets paid...I'm tip-toeing a line here
that I'm probably already on the wrong side of...but I will be more than
interested in discussing this off-the-list where I can take off my research
hat and put on my shameless sales hat.

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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] List Detection
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Date: Tue, 13 May 2003 21:41:41 -0700

At 09:24 AM 5/13/03 -0400, Eric Dean wrote:
>I've started a new thread to discuss list detectiom just to be search engine
>friendly.
>
>There seem to be a variety of methods that lists use including preserving
>the original sender as well as sending witht the list's email address.  This
>particular list sends with the list's email address.  For C/R systems, this
>often works fine because you often have to send to a list-subscribe in order
>to join the list.  A C/R will then send a challenge to the list and
>subsequently get denied.
>
>For lists that preserve the sender's email address, a C/R system can be a
>bit unfriendly.  However, we have seen that most list's use a "Sender"
>header somewhere inside the message body.  for example, this list sends:
>
>Sender: asrg-admin@ietf.org
>
>If we encounter such a header, we will then not challenge the sender but
>will require the user to take an action.  I'm not trying to have another C/R
>discussion but rather am interested in the various list detection methods
>available.  I've sorted through procmail to see what methods are available
>to that source and the above was the best I could come up with.
>

Spamwolf checks for these headers.
    "mailing-list:",
    "list-help:",
    "list-unsubscribe:",
    "precedence: bulk",
    "precedence: list",
and it also checks for "(LISTSERV-" anywhere in any header -
though really one should check only in Received headers.

The "(LISTSERV-" check is necessary because versions of that software
written before the RFC recommending the list-* headers do not add them, 
for obvious reasons.  And yes, there is anchient listserv software 
still in operation.  Fortunately, all new mailing list software seems 
to contain one or more of the others (at least, all that I've seen so far.)

The "mailing-list:" header is deprecated, but again, still in use.

The Spam Assassin checks are more complex, but it's checking for
a particular mailing list program to do more refined "spaminess" checks.
There's no harm in checking for "List-Post:" but all lists (I know of)
which have List-Post: also have either list-help or list-unsubscribe.


Another recommendation made by some (but not me),
is "don't respond unless you're named in the To: field."
It doesn't really identify a mailing list,
but rather a message one should arguably not auto-respond to.
Identifying your own email address is harder than it seems
(for your mail client) so while this test sounds good, 
it's actually difficult to implement in practice.

A lessor but easier to implement variant is 
"don't respond if there's more than one recipient.".
It doesn't catch as much, but it's far more practical to implement.
(i.e. it's better than nothing, so why not?)


Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>

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In-Reply-To:  <aT5vaIe86J8qbrFTB02@x>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] List Detection
To: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Wed, 14 May 2003 09:17:09 +0100

> At 09:24 AM 5/13/03 -0400, Eric Dean wrote:
> >I've started a new thread to discuss list detectiom just to be search

For what it's worth

exim (the MTA) provides a condition "personal" for use in filters ("to
distinguish between incoming personal mail and mail from a mailing list.")
is a shorthand for 

   $header_to: contains "$local_part@$domain" and
   $header_from: does not contain "$local_part@$domain" and
   $header_from: does not contain "server@" and
   $header_from: does not contain "daemon@" and
   $header_from: does not contain "root@" and
   $header_subject: does not contain "circular" and
   $header_precedence: does not contain "bulk" and
   $header_precedence: does not contain "list" and
   $header_precedence: does not contain "junk"




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To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Crypto-based alternative to RMX
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> Anytime we want to get involved with DNS, we must keep in mind the current
> state of security of the entire DNS system. If we end up defining some
form
> of a DNS-based standard, perhaps we should mandate the use of secure DNS.

Unfortunately DNSSEC is pretty big and horrible and all tied together so
that one can't pick parts of it.  It would be nice if DNSSEC were
implemented throughout the net, but I don't think it's going to happen in my
lifetime.  So mandating secure DNS as part of a solution effectively rules
that solution out, unless secure DNS means something quite different from
DNSSEC.

The various partial solutions we apply don't need to be perfect either
individually or even in combination: let's remember "worse is better"
especially when worse is good enough.

Tom

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Crypto-based alternative to RMX
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> Just to clarify, RMX-like proposals give a sending domain the ability to
> act as dictator if its owner wishes, but do not mandate that it act as
> dictator.  The domain owner may choose not to filter outgoing content.
> (Indeed, if RMX were available to me, I would definitely not
> content-filter outgoing messages from other users at my domain, except in
> the context of virus defense--in which case it would be an optional
> feature).  This decision would fall under the scope of a privacy policy.

One part of the problem is that it determines not who can send mail but
where mail can be sent from. So you could decide not to authorising sending
from domains without outgoing political correctness filters, not to
authorise sending throgh domains that didn't agree to secretly send a copy
to you, and so on.  It's not just a privacy policy but also a freedom of
speech policy that's needed here.

> Your crypto-based alternative also allows the domain owner to act as
> dictator if he/she wishes, by withholding the signing key.  There are
> security advantages to going this way, even if there is no intent to
> filter, since it prevents the key leakage.
>
> So would you say that the principal advantage of the crypto approach is
> that it prevents the domain from acting as dictator while plausibly
> denying same?

Well, the idea is to give users the keys, which means there will be leakage
and you have to change them often.  If you don't give users the keys you
force them into your outgoing relays and that's as bad as RMX. So this
proposal doesn't work if you want to be really secure.

> If so, do you believe this advantage is worth the additional
> implementation cost?

Yes, the advantage of giving people a token rather than saying which
transmitters they can use are worth the hassle.

> Please bear in mind that a user may choose any domain on the Internet
> willing to offer mail service, and may even operate his/her own domain.
> This seems vastly less restrictive than the current situation, wherein the
> user would be left with few options if his/her ISP started filtering
> outgoing mail (intercept outbound port 25).  The ISP also has an incentive
> to do so--to avoid being blacklisted!

It gets to be quite fun, all sorts of new possibilities turn up.  For
example you could blacklist not the domain but a particular key index of the
domain.  So there's an incentive for the domain owner to have quite a few
keys  and use them to distinguish groups.

Tom


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Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
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Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> As I mentioned before what we are trying to figure out is the intent of 
> C/R systems. We are aware that an automatic procotol can create a hole 
> for spammers but at least the spammers must have a valid return address. 
> The question remains: are C/R systems intended to verify that the 
> message arrived from a valid email address or are they intended to make 
> sure the sender is human?

fair enough.  Obviously, I am coming into the middle of the conversation and am 
trying to catch up.

I would argue that any form[1] of a challenge/response system is trying to 
determine that the e-mail address is valid.  It is unimportant and irrelevant as 
to whether or not the sender was human.  Any notification system (invoice from 
sales, billing etc.) is not sent by human and will not have a usable return address.

A long-winded example of this was pointed out to me by a potential customer. 
They were a financial house and they got notice of transaction completions by 
e-mail from automated systems.  They could not enumerate all of the systems they 
get e-mail from so white lists were out of the question.  They themselves were 
unwilling to provide a real address for bounces from their own automated system 
because they would not dedicate the personnel to sit there and handle all of the 
messages[2].  For them, challenge response without automated handling was 
completely unacceptable.

so, I'll argue for system that will allow automated systems to talk to each 
other by e-mail without any human interaction.

---eric

[1] in their best forms, stamp and challenge/response systems are functionally 
identical.  A stamp can be thought of as a generated answer to an anticipated 
question/challenge.

[2] on the other hand, they could justify spending a couple of salaries on 
rooting through the spamtrap because they had once lost 1.5 million dollars on a 
message that was stuck in the spamtrap for about an hour.  If you ever want to 
know why about something, follow the money.

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To: "Eric S. Johansson" <esj@harvee.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
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> so, I'll argue for system that will allow automated systems to
> talk to each
> other by e-mail without any human interaction.

In fact, we'll have to support both.  Newer software can automate this
process while we'll have to rely on plain old SMTP for legacy use.

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Eric Dean wrote:

>>so, I'll argue for system that will allow automated systems to
>>talk to each
>>other by e-mail without any human interaction.
> 
> 
> In fact, we'll have to support both.  Newer software can automate this
> process while we'll have to rely on plain old SMTP for legacy use.

why differentiate?  Or at least, why differentiate on the basis of target or 
protocol?  You can handle both automated and manual responses in the same 
message without working hard or increasing complexity in the network.

By placing sufficient information for automatic handling in the headers, and 
human oriented information in the body, you can satisfy the demands of both 
automatic handling in human handling in one message.

example: in camram, I include an instance of a stamp with every message.  In 
this message, I will generate two stamps one to asrg and the second one to 
eric@purespeed.com.  They look something like to stand generated for an earlier 
posting:

X-Camram: stamp; 0:030514:asrg@ietf.org:c407927fbaad1fa8

In the body of the message is the human oriented material i.e. content for the 
mailing list.  The receiving filter sees the stamp, verifies that it is 
"correct" (i.e. 20 bit string of zeros collision) and that it is addressed for 
the recipient (one type of double spending) with the date that isn't too old 
(second type of double spending).  On receipt of a valid stamp, the filter knows 
to pass the message on to my inbox.  The same model can apply to other forms of 
automated challenge/response.

part of the reason I take this approach is because I realized a while ago that 
e-mail is a two-level protocol.  You have the lower-level transport protocol 
(SMTP) which is content independent.  Then you have the higher level protocol as 
represented by the message format which is instructions given by one e-mail 
client to another.  By modifying the higher level protocol by adding stamps or 
other action triggers, you can improved e-mail system functionality without 
destroying the existing infrastructure.

and yes I will be working on a working draft describing a stamp based protocol 
as soon as I can clear the decks a little bit.

it would help if I could resist answering e-mail... ;-)

---eric





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> SpamArrest behavior is no different from a regular MTA operator or an ISP
> harvesting email addresses from all incoming and outgoing email. The only
> difference is since a C/R system must keep a list of verified email
> addresses, this makes it easier.

One way it is different - it claims the right to sell your address on
(although that of course is common US practise).  A lot of people willingly
offer terms of use which doesn not give them that right.  If Spam-Arrest
operated in the EU, its operation would be illegal (not the anti-spamming
law, the data protection laws) and I'm not sure that this policy doesn't
make it illegal to make commercial use of their product in most places in
the EU. Maybe they'd better change if they don't want the data protection
squad causing trouble for their customers - it just needs one highly
publicised case to ensure that they never again have a customer in most of
the civilised world.

Tom


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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
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Date: Wed, 14 May 2003 13:32:34 -0400

At 04:58 PM 5/14/2003 +0100, you wrote:

> > SpamArrest behavior is no different from a regular MTA operator or an ISP
> > harvesting email addresses from all incoming and outgoing email. The only
> > difference is since a C/R system must keep a list of verified email
> > addresses, this makes it easier.
>
>One way it is different - it claims the right to sell your address on
>(although that of course is common US practise).  A lot of people willingly
>offer terms of use which doesn not give them that right.  If Spam-Arrest
>operated in the EU, its operation would be illegal (not the anti-spamming
>law, the data protection laws) and I'm not sure that this policy doesn't
>make it illegal to make commercial use of their product in most places in
>the EU. Maybe they'd better change if they don't want the data protection
>squad causing trouble for their customers - it just needs one highly
>publicised case to ensure that they never again have a customer in most of
>the civilised world.
>
>Tom

The point I was trying to make is that from the technical viewpoint any ISP 
or MTA operator can harvest addresses just like SpamArrest did.

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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To: "Eric S. Johansson" <esj@harvee.org>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
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I agree.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Eric
> S. Johansson
> Sent: Wednesday, May 14, 2003 11:46 AM
> To: Eric Dean
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
>
>
> Eric Dean wrote:
>
> >>so, I'll argue for system that will allow automated systems to
> >>talk to each
> >>other by e-mail without any human interaction.
> >
> >
> > In fact, we'll have to support both.  Newer software can automate this
> > process while we'll have to rely on plain old SMTP for legacy use.
>
> why differentiate?  Or at least, why differentiate on the basis
> of target or
> protocol?  You can handle both automated and manual responses in the same
> message without working hard or increasing complexity in the network.
>
> By placing sufficient information for automatic handling in the
> headers, and
> human oriented information in the body, you can satisfy the
> demands of both
> automatic handling in human handling in one message.
>
> example: in camram, I include an instance of a stamp with every
> message.  In
> this message, I will generate two stamps one to asrg and the
> second one to
> eric@purespeed.com.  They look something like to stand generated
> for an earlier
> posting:
>
> X-Camram: stamp; 0:030514:asrg@ietf.org:c407927fbaad1fa8
>
> In the body of the message is the human oriented material i.e.
> content for the
> mailing list.  The receiving filter sees the stamp, verifies that it is
> "correct" (i.e. 20 bit string of zeros collision) and that it is
> addressed for
> the recipient (one type of double spending) with the date that
> isn't too old
> (second type of double spending).  On receipt of a valid stamp,
> the filter knows
> to pass the message on to my inbox.  The same model can apply to
> other forms of
> automated challenge/response.
>
> part of the reason I take this approach is because I realized a
> while ago that
> e-mail is a two-level protocol.  You have the lower-level
> transport protocol
> (SMTP) which is content independent.  Then you have the higher
> level protocol as
> represented by the message format which is instructions given by
> one e-mail
> client to another.  By modifying the higher level protocol by
> adding stamps or
> other action triggers, you can improved e-mail system
> functionality without
> destroying the existing infrastructure.
>
> and yes I will be working on a working draft describing a stamp
> based protocol
> as soon as I can clear the decks a little bit.
>
> it would help if I could resist answering e-mail... ;-)
>
> ---eric
>
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
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>

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Subject: Re: RE: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
To: "Yakov Shafranovich"  <research@solidmatrix.com>
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Date: Wed, 14 May 2003 22:12:11 +0100

> If Spam-Arrest
> >operated in the EU, its operation would be illegal (not the
> anti-spamming
> >law, the data protection laws) 

I believe this is correct.


> 
> The point I was trying to make is that from the technical viewpoint any
> ISP
> or MTA operator can harvest addresses just like SpamArrest did.
> 


yes, of course. The point I was trying to make is that these concerns
should perhaps be addressed in any work to produce standards or BCP on C/R

Most MTA operators only keep "traffic data" for a short time. A C/R
operator must keep some traffic data "forever".

The C/R operator can choose from a range of behaviours ... producing a
simple challenge, puffing the challenge up with unsolicited merchandising
material right up to using (or selling) addresses like any other spammer.

Since the Sender address data is longlived, the policy might change -
imagine Mr Nice C/R systems Inc. gets bought up by Black hat Megacorp.

Whatever..




--
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Date: Wed, 14 May 2003 17:13:01 -0400


> > If Spam-Arrest
> > >operated in the EU, its operation would be illegal (not the
> > anti-spamming
> > >law, the data protection laws) 
> 
> I believe this is correct.

I don't play an EU Data Commissioner on the net, though I have periodically 
spoken at length with several (Berlin chiefly). "Illegal" is not something
I'd buy or sell, however, the retention, recipient, access and possibly a
few other aspects of Spam-Arrest-the-data-collector behavior are, IMO, likely
to be of interest to the DatenSchutz, for any non-sonombulist local value of
DatenSchutz. Anglophones can stick with the UK DP rules.

See the P3P schema, we put all of it there we knew about.

> Most MTA operators only keep "traffic data" for a short time. A C/R
> operator must keep some traffic data "forever".

See <retention>, but see also <purpose> elements in the P3P schema.

Eric
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From: Dave Crocker <dhc@dcrocker.net>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R - What people say
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Eric,


ED> If we see a Sender header, we don't return a challenge.
...
ED> They are more than welcome to use Sender headers...messages will sit in
ED> quarantine as do any spam.


Your policy is to interpret the presence of the Sender header as being
"interesting".

However, its presence or absence has nothing to do with anything else
about the message.

Nothing.

Not one thing.



d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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From: "Chui Tey" <teyc@cognoware.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] Removing the incentive to spam
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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 08:49:32 +1000

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------=_NextPart_000_0064_01C31ABE.E8AFA740
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
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Unsolicited email has a high annoyance factor because they 
consume attention-time and they junk up the inbox. Some 
spam-filtering techniques generates false
positives, so the user ends up having to trawl through
their Junk folder looking for legitimate email. Any scheme
which makes the reader spend time reading the mail rewards
the spam sender.

Assuming we operate with client-side whitelists, what if 
non-white-listed email is quarantined (just left on the POP-server)
and the email client sent the user a list of quarantined messages
in a digest form? eg:

   Subject: Quarantined email
   
   Email from the following senders have been quarantined.
   You can preview the emails on the web by clicking 
   on these links or you may unquarantine the sender.

   Individually mailed messages (* indicates the number of
   computational tokens paid to receive your email)
   ---------------------------------------------------------
     ***** Sally Morten  <smorten@test.com>                         
     *     E-bay         <e-bay-purchase-308852@ebay.com> 

   Grey-listed email (email received from sites you have
   recently visited)
   ---------------------------------------------------------
     Weekly-newsletter   <listserv-asrg@ietf.org>

   Bulk mailed messages (sent to multiple recipients, the emails
   more likely to be unsolicited advertisements appear at 
   the end of the list):
   ---------------------------------------------------------
     DeveloperWorks      <newsletter-developerworks@ibm.com>
     .
     .
     John Black          <buy-viagra-from-viagraweb.com@viagraweb.com>
     .
     .
     .

The idea here is that if you are sending email for the
first time (to an old friend, when apply for a job, or 
a list-server notifying the user of mail-subscription) you have
to pay computational tokens to get the attention of the user.

An intelligent email client could even decide that 
<listserv-asrg@ietf.org> shoudl be gray listed, since the user's
internet logs could be cross referenced.

The benefit of the scheme proposed are 

  o   does not require any changes to the 
      SMTP protocol as all the processing is done on the 
      client-side.

 o    the implementation could be achieved with a client-side
      proxy, leading to fast adoption.

 o    White-listed could be automated using the client's
      address book, achieving rapid training of the system.

 o    Quarantined email is left on the POP server, conserving
      a client's limited dial up bandwidth resources.

There is probably some scope for the extension of POP protocol 
to help the client identify spam emails, which may score emails
based on the probability that they are spam. 

On an aside: here's something to think about: Spam may include 
corporate information. If one operates in a large organisation, bulk
mailed corporate communications junk up the inbox as well. 
Client-side tools should make sorting out what is urgent and what 
isn't.

Chui Tey

------=_NextPart_000_0064_01C31ABE.E8AFA740
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3DWindows-1252">
<META NAME=3D"Generator" CONTENT=3D"MS Exchange Server version =
6.0.5762.3">
<TITLE>Removing the incentive to spam</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<!-- Converted from text/plain format -->

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Unsolicited email has a high annoyance factor because =
they </FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>consume attention-time and they junk up the inbox. =
Some </FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>spam-filtering techniques generates false</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>positives, so the user ends up having to trawl =
through</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>their Junk folder looking for legitimate email. Any =
scheme</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>which makes the reader spend time reading the mail =
rewards</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>the spam sender.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Assuming we operate with client-side whitelists, what =
if </FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>non-white-listed email is quarantined (just left on =
the POP-server)</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>and the email client sent the user a list of =
quarantined messages</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>in a digest form? eg:</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; Subject: Quarantined email</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; Email from the following senders have =
been quarantined.</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; You can preview the emails on the web by =
clicking </FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; on these links or you may unquarantine =
the sender.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; Individually mailed messages (* indicates =
the number of</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; computational tokens paid to receive =
your email)</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; =
---------------------------------------------------------</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ***** Sally Morten&nbsp; =
&lt;smorten@test.com&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
E-bay&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&lt;e-bay-purchase-308852@ebay.com&gt; </FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; Grey-listed email (email received from =
sites you have</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; recently visited)</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; =
---------------------------------------------------------</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
Weekly-newsletter&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;listserv-asrg@ietf.org&gt;</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; Bulk mailed messages (sent to multiple =
recipients, the emails</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; more likely to be unsolicited =
advertisements appear at </FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; the end of the list):</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; =
---------------------------------------------------------</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
DeveloperWorks&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&lt;newsletter-developerworks@ibm.com&gt;</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; .</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; .</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; John =
Black&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
&lt;buy-viagra-from-viagraweb.com@viagraweb.com&gt;</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; .</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; .</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; .</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>The idea here is that if you are sending email for =
the</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>first time (to an old friend, when apply for a job, =
or </FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>a list-server notifying the user of =
mail-subscription) you have</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>to pay computational tokens to get the attention of =
the user.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>An intelligent email client could even decide that =
</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&lt;listserv-asrg@ietf.org&gt; shoudl be gray listed, =
since the user's</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>internet logs could be cross referenced.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>The benefit of the scheme proposed are </FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp; o&nbsp;&nbsp; does not require any changes to =
the </FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SMTP protocol as all =
the processing is done on the </FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; client-side.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;o&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the implementation could be =
achieved with a client-side</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; proxy, leading to fast =
adoption.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;o&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; White-listed could be =
automated using the client's</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; address book, =
achieving rapid training of the system.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;o&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Quarantined email is left on =
the POP server, conserving</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a client's limited =
dial up bandwidth resources.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>There is probably some scope for the extension of POP =
protocol </FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>to help the client identify spam emails, which may =
score emails</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>based on the probability that they are spam. </FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>On an aside: here's something to think about: Spam may =
include </FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>corporate information. If one operates in a large =
organisation, bulk</FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>mailed corporate communications junk up the inbox as =
well. </FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Client-side tools should make sorting out what is =
urgent and what </FONT>

<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>isn't.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Chui Tey</FONT>
</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
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From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
To: "Dave Crocker" <dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R - What people say
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ok..very nice..so what do you propose for list detection?

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dave Crocker [mailto:dhc@dcrocker.net]
> Sent: Wednesday, May 14, 2003 5:40 PM
> To: Eric Dean
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R - What people say
> 
> 
> Eric,
> 
> 
> ED> If we see a Sender header, we don't return a challenge.
> ...
> ED> They are more than welcome to use Sender headers...messages 
> will sit in
> ED> quarantine as do any spam.
> 
> 
> Your policy is to interpret the presence of the Sender header as being
> "interesting".
> 
> However, its presence or absence has nothing to do with anything else
> about the message.
> 
> Nothing.
> 
> Not one thing.
> 
> 
> 
> d/
> --
>  Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
>  Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
>  Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>
> 
> 
> 
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Removing the incentive to spam
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One fly in the ointment with quarantining and similar, or two
actually, is that many people don't have infinite mailbox quotas to
store all this spam in quarantine.

And when they hit their quota the usual system response is to begin
bouncing email back to the recipient, a very negative (and not
uncommon) side-effect of spam.

The related, second, effect is for people who have limited bandwidth
to their mailbox, 56k still being quite common. Even a fairly modest
32MB mailbox (in terms of modern disk costs) can take over two hours
to download on a high-speed dial-up line (32MB @ 4KB/sec => ~8,000secs.)

That's painful, and I think the numbers I use are quite conservative
for a common profile of user, i.e., many tens of millions.

Since spam seems to be rising rapidly and, I think it's safe to say
tho I won't say I have data, spam msgs are expanding in size due to
the inclusion of graphics etc (often to by-pass spam filters!) the
outlook is bleak and worthwhile taking seriously.

Obviously one can use better tools to profile remotely etc but let's
not be too fast waving our hands making magic tools appear so proposed
solutions look better.

Spam really is an evil problem and one needs a multivariate sieve to
keep all the factors any approach needs to consider in view.

I'd hope as time goes on and the thinking matures we'd be able to
develop some sort of checklist to evaluate any proposed approach
against so it's not always oh yeah, dial-ups, damn, that won't work
very well at all for dial-ups (or whatever.)

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*
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Subject: [Asrg] C/R Framework
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

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Attached, you'll find a proposed framework I have put together for a C/R
discussion.  Please excuse the formating..I'll groff it soon..assuming it
lives.

I have attempted to capture some of the key areas and concerns that have
been discussed over the past couple of weeks as well as incorporate some of
my own ideas.  My intent is to throw something down on the table that's at
least wrong and allow for an exchange of ideas regarding how to proceed if
at all.

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Draft-irtf-asrg-cr-**.txt 					Authors: Eric Dean et.al

Abstract
RFC821 was designed simply deliver email messages but not to =
authenticate sources or senders of email messages.  In an effort to =
reduce sources of spam on the Internet, this document defines a =
Challenge Response "C/R" method for authenticating email senders and =
determining if the sender originated a message to a designated =
recipient.  This document proposes the use of MIME experimental =
content-type values for automated C/R control at either the server or =
client software level.  In addition, this document proposes a C/R method =
that requires user manual intervention with existing mail systems and =
clients that may not be compatible with automated C/R methods.

Introduction
Challenge Response systems intend to authenticate a sender's identity =
and determine if a sender originated a message to a particular =
recipient.  This document identifies MIME experimental content-type =
values that may be sent with a message for automating C/R.  In addition, =
this document proposes a manual user intervention C/R model.  A C/R =
system may be used to determine whether a sender actually is a valid =
email address and whether that sender originally sent a message to a =
designated recipient.  A C/R email system or client software supporting =
the C/R MIME experimental content-type values would have the option of =
automatically responding to a challenge message or forwarding the =
challenge message to the original sender for further action.  This =
document identifies the C/R MIME experimental content-type values for =
possible automated C/R systems as well as provides guidelines for a user =
manual intervention C/R method.

Purposes
-Used to dynamically build user whitelists.  In some implementations, =
the C/R system is used to determine is a sender is real and allow for =
that sender to verify that he intended to send a message to the =
recipient.  Upon responding to the challenge, the sender will then get =
added to the user's personal whitelist.
-Reduce spam from spoofed senders.  In the event that a challenge =
message is without an response for an extended period of time,=20
-Reduce spam from invalid senders.  In the event that a challenge =
message rejects or bounces via one or more SMTP errors, some C/R =
implementations will automatically drop the message.
-Not an authentication method for email delivery or security protocol

Challenge Response Model
The C/R model is based upon an approach whereby a sender sends a message =
to a recipient's SMTP server.  The recipient's SMTP server either =
produces a challenge message or forwards the original message to a =
recipient's client system that produces a challenge message.  The =
resulting challenge message is sent to the original sender.  If the =
sender's C/R SMTP server supports C/R methods, then the original =
sender's SMTP server may automatically respond to the challenge request. =
 Otherwise, the original sender's server should forward the message to =
the original sender.  If the original sender's client system supports =
C/R methods, then the original sender's client software may =
automatically respond to the challenge message.  In the event that =
neither the server nor client software are C/R compatible, the C/R =
message should contain clear instructions to the original sender =
instructing how to appropriately respond to the challenge request.


-------------------------------------------------------------


       ----------------------------------------
       |                                       |
       |                                       v =20
       v       +----------+                +----------+
   +------+    |          |                |          |    +------+
   | User |<-->|          |       C/R      |          |<-->| User |
   +------+    |  Sender- |Commands/Replies| Receiver-|    +------+
   +------+    |SMTP/HTTP |<-------------->|SMTP/HTTP |C/R +------+
   |Client|<-->|          |                |          |<-->|Client|
   |System|    |          |                |          |    |System|
   +------+    +----------+                +----------+    +------+
  =20

                Sender-SMTP                Receiver-SMTP

                           Model for C/R Use

                                Figure 1

     -------------------------------------------------------------


Challenge Message
The Challenge Message should contain both the MIME experimental =
content-type values defined herein.  The following MIME experimental =
content-type values are required for C/R interoperability:
X-CM-Recipient: This C/R header should identify the original recipient =
of the message that is issuing the challenge.
X-CM-URI: This C/R header identifies an authentication string unique to =
that sender-recipient pair that ensures that the challenge response is =
from the original sender.

If an original sender sends to multiple recipients on the same C/R =
server, then the server can issue the challenge message with a pair of =
each X-CM-Recipient listed with corresponding X-CM-URI:. Multiple =
recipient<->URI pairs can be included in a single challenge message.

The sender of the C/R message must be a valid sender address.  In the =
event that a server-based mail system is performing C/R, then the =
challenge should be sent with an email address local to that server.  If =
multiple servers are used, then the challenge message can be forwarded =
to peer servers if other synchronization mechanisms are not in place. =20

If client software is performing the C/R, then the challenge should be =
sent with an email address local to that email client.  If neither the =
original sender's server or client software support C/R =
interoperability, then the challenge message should contain as well as a =
message that clearly instructs the user how to perform a manual =
challenge response.  Typically, clicking on an embedded HREF or a simple =
reply-to is sufficient for the original sender to manually reply.

Challenge Response
For C/R compatible systems that support the MIME experimental =
content-type values, the challenge response mechanism could be =
automated.  The following MIME experimental content-type values are =
required for C/R interoperability:

X-CR-URI: V=3D'X-CM-URI'  This C/R header is sent to the originating C/R =
system to validate that the original sender had sent a message to the =
X-CM-Recipient.  The X-CM-URI authentication string that was supplied =
with the challenge message is sent along with a key "V=3D" to signify =
that the original sender is intending on delivering a message to the =
recipient.
X-CR-URI: I=3D'X-CM-URI'  This C/R header is sent to the originating C/R =
system to invalidate that the original sender had not sent a message to =
the X-CM-Recipient.  The X-CM-URI authentication string that was =
supplied with the challenge message is sent along with a key "I=3D" to =
signify that the original sender did not intend to deliver a message to =
the recipient.

Multiple X-CR-URI headers can be sent in a single challenge response.

Mail Lists
Proper identification and handling of user subscribed mailing lists is =
essential for C/R deployment.  While no standard exists for identifying =
lists, many common methods include using the following headers:

"sender:",
"X-BeenThere:",
"mailing-list:",
"list-help:",
"list-unsubscribe:",
"precedence: bulk",
"precedence: list",

Challenge messages should not be sent to mailing lists.  Precise methods =
of detecting mailing lists are to follow.

Loop avoidance
C/R systems should use a local address on the C/R system or an actual =
email address within client software.  In either case, the C/R system =
should remain stateful in monitoring outstanding Challenge Messages and =
should not continue issuing challenge messages when an existing request =
is outstanding.  Additional methods used for double-bounces and vacation =
responders would also be appropriate.

Security
The URI length should be long enough using a significant code base to =
prevent brute force attacks.

Privacy
Concerns exist regarding data collection of correspondences between =
certain senders and recipients however such information is available in =
most mailing systems

References

   [RFC-821] Postel, J., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", STD 10, RFC
   821, USC/Information Sciences Institute, August 1982.

   [RFC-822] Crocker, D., "Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text
   Messages", STD 11, RFC 822, UDEL, August 1982.

   [RFC-934] Rose, M., and E. Stefferud, "Proposed Standard for Message
   Encapsulation", RFC 934, Delaware and NMA, January 1985.

   [RFC-1049] Sirbu, M., "Content-Type Header Field for Internet
   Messages", STD 11, RFC 1049, CMU, March 1988.

   [RFC-1341] Borenstein, N., and N. Freed, "MIME (Multipurpose Internet
   Mail Extensions): Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing the Format
   of Internet Message Bodies", RFC 1341, Bellcore, Innosoft, June 1992.


   [RFC-1344] Borenstein, N., "Implications of MIME for Internet
   Mail Gateways", RFC 1344, Bellcore, June 1992.

Contact


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R - What people say
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"Dave Crocker" <dcrocker@brandenburg.com>

> > Your policy is to interpret the presence of the Sender header as being
> > "interesting".
> > However, its presence or absence has nothing to do with anything else
> > about the message.
> > Nothing.
> > Not one thing.

I think that's an overstatement or beside the point.  While according
to standards theory, Sender: headers may have nothing to do with
whether the message is bulk, practice may differ.  I'd want to look
at a few 1,000,000 private messages in a variety of locations and
check the behavior of a bunch of MTAs and MUAs before guessing whether
in practice "Sender" headers indicate "bulk."


> From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>

> ok..very nice..so what do you propose for list detection?

It's not Dave Crocker's fault that Sender headers do not necessarily
indcate "bulk," and neither is it his responsibility to find a solution
to your problem if they don't.  You could but don't absolutely need to
thank him for pointing out a hole.  You certainly should not snarl.
In your position, I'd hope to offer evidence showing that in practice
Sender: headers do work or some (real, not invented) words in an RFC
showing that Dave Crocker is mistaken.  Failing that, I'd probably
fall back on "well, C/R isn't perfect, but it's good enough to help"
(if that were my opinion, which it isn't).


Contrary to other contributors to this mailing list, pointing out that
an anti-spam mechanism cannot possibly work according to its specifications
not only is not a bad thing, but entirely constructive.  In the real
world outside sports bars, chatrooms, and netnews, the purpose of
proposing a mechanism is not some sort of chest thumping proof of
manhood.  Playing the Cliff The Mailman characer from the old "Cheers"
TV-sitcom gains no points here.  The only appropriate response to a
claim that one's proposed mechanism has a hole is changing the proposal
to close the hole or offering proof that the hole does not exist or
does not matter in practice.  And that proof has nothing to do with
indignant remarks about one's supposed enormous experience and insight,
physics or math education, or friends who were once in high places.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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> The related, second, effect is for people who have limited bandwidth
> to their mailbox, 56k still being quite common. Even a fairly modest
> 32MB mailbox (in terms of modern disk costs) can take over two hours
> to download on a high-speed dial-up line (32MB @ 4KB/sec => ~8,000secs.)

I wonder if any ISP or email hosting providers could provide some
anonymous datapoint on the average inbox / pop file size for users over
a larger sample.

I am an email packrat (I suspect there are others like me) and one of my
webmail accounts currently has 1347 messages totaling 36.9MB in storage
space.  The messages go back several months.  I would guess this is
potentially the upper end of the bell curve, but don't have a clue. 
Again, maybe someone on the list possibly has some data points for this.
 
> Since spam seems to be rising rapidly and, I think it's safe to say
> tho I won't say I have data, spam msgs are expanding in size due to
> the inclusion of graphics etc (often to by-pass spam filters!) the
> outlook is bleak and worthwhile taking seriously.

I'm not sure how the inclusion of graphics increases the storage size of
mail.  It seems many spam messages now commonly use images to display
the "text" portion of their message, but the images are references to
external servers with fully qualified links.  Unless spammers are
encoding and embedding graphics in the message using multipart/related
MIME, I don't think HTML email adds to storage size.  It may infact
reduce storage size.

> Spam really is an evil problem and one needs a multivariate sieve to
> keep all the factors any approach needs to consider in view.

Agreed.

> I'd hope as time goes on and the thinking matures we'd be able to
> develop some sort of checklist to evaluate any proposed approach
> against so it's not always oh yeah, dial-ups, damn, that won't work
> very well at all for dial-ups (or whatever.)

Very much agreed.  

Tom Bartel
303.642.4104
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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 01:22:32 -0400

Just wanted to mention a few statistical facts I got from someone over at 
MailCircuit (they have been running a C/R system for sometime):

1. Server loads are increased by almost 50% when the verification system is 
implemented.
2. Number of spammers that have been reported verifying themselves has only 
been 4 in the past 2 years.
3. We weed out approximately 12% of spammers thru reverse DNS.

I think the first factor would be a major issue with all C/R systems and is 
something we should take into account.

At 10:23 PM 5/14/2003 -0400, Eric Dean wrote:


>Attached, you'll find a proposed framework I have put together for a C/R
>discussion.  Please excuse the formating..I'll groff it soon..assuming it
>lives.
>
>I have attempted to capture some of the key areas and concerns that have
>been discussed over the past couple of weeks as well as incorporate some of
>my own ideas.  My intent is to throw something down on the table that's at
>least wrong and allow for an exchange of ideas regarding how to proceed if
>at all.

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Vernon,

VS> I think that's an overstatement or beside the point.  While according
VS> to standards theory, Sender: headers may have nothing to do with
VS> whether the message is bulk, practice may differ.  I'd want to look
VS> at a few 1,000,000 private messages in a variety of locations and
VS> check the behavior of a bunch of MTAs and MUAs before guessing whether
VS> in practice "Sender" headers indicate "bulk."

a reasonable,empirical approach.  my assessment was based on knowing
that all sorts of different software sets the sender field, often quite
unecessarily.  on the other hand, there is no rule against setting it
unecessarily (that is, when it is wholly redundant with the From field)
and email users agents often do.



>> ok..very nice..so what do you propose for list detection?

VS> It's not Dave Crocker's fault that Sender headers do not necessarily
VS> indcate "bulk," and neither is it his responsibility to find a solution
VS> to your problem if they don't.  You could but don't absolutely need to
VS> thank him for pointing out a hole.

There are some explicit conventions involving mailing lists, though
conformance is extremely spotty.  As a simple example of headers that
are explicitly and exclusively used for mailing headers, folks might
want to look at the headers that are attached by the list mailer for
this very list...



d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 01:44:02 -0400

Take a look at this Washington Post newspaper article:

http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A53496-2003May14

A few quotes:

"The spam problem is so bad that every network administrator uses some sort 
of blacklist to sort good e-mail from bad, according to Nate Shue, a senior 
network engineer at Vienna, Va.-based software firm Industrial Medium LLC. "

"Shue said the lists are more useful than spam filters because they block 
offending e-mails before they reach the network. Blacklists are a more 
efficient option than e-mail filters, which can keep most offensive e-mail 
out of recipients' inboxes, but only after those e-mails have entered a 
company's network. By the time the filter does its job, the recipient has 
already paid the price of handling the message."

"Cohn fears that blacklists could be used by individuals or political 
groups to stifle opposing views, since many operators rely at least in part 
on customer complaints to compile their lists."

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1 
To: "Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine"  <brunner@nic-naa.net>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 09:32:50 +0100

> 
> > > If Spam-Arrest
> > > >operated in the EU, its operation would be illegal (not the
> > > anti-spamming
> > > >law, the data protection laws) 
> > 
> > I believe this is correct.
> 
> 
> I don't play an EU Data Commissioner on the net

I'm glad to hear it. I hope that you're not implying anyone else is
"playing" at such. Personally, I'm glad that you've spoken to people in
Berlin. I'm all for international communication. I've lived and worked all
my life in the UK (EU), but that doesn't make me an Authority either.







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In-Reply-To:  <MBEKIIAKLDHKMLNFJODBMEPDFCAA.eric@purespeed.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Framework
To: "Eric Dean"  <eric@purespeed.com>
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> of
> My intent is to throw something down on the table that's at
> least wrong and allow for an exchange of ideas regarding how to proceed
> if
> at all.
> 
> 
<quote>
Privacy
Concerns exist regarding data collection of correspondences between certain
senders and recipients however such information is available in most
mailing systems
</quote>

Well, that's just a red rag to *some* bulls :-)

I don't think that asserting that the same concerns apply to *other*
systems
adequately addresses concerns applying to *these* systems. Plus also - it's
not strictly true, since the *necessarily* long life of this data in a C/R
system has implications.


Another thing, may be I misread the text, but I can't see how (if multiple)
 X-CM-Recipient / X-CM-URI header pairs are kept together. 

Do you really need two headers? couldn't all this data be parameters in one
header? Or have I really missed the point?









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> Well, that's just a red rag to *some* bulls :-)
>
> I don't think that asserting that the same concerns apply to *other*
> systems
> adequately addresses concerns applying to *these* systems. Plus
> also - it's
> not strictly true, since the *necessarily* long life of this data in a C/R
> system has implications.


Yeah..that was just a placheolder...however, my thinking is that we should
be addressing the protocol..not how some systems implement persistent data.
For example, some systems may not use C/R to build whitelists.  Some may
just challenge very message..it would be stupid..but they could.  Within
client email software,, the C/R mechansim would have much less privacy
concerns.  So, I'm trying to divorce myself from implementations but rather
focus on seucrity implications of the protocol itself...could be wrong about
that..but that was my thinking.


> Another thing, may be I misread the text, but I can't see how (if
> multiple)
>  X-CM-Recipient / X-CM-URI header pairs are kept together.

They would be subsequent line items within the header file.

> Do you really need two headers? couldn't all this data be
> parameters in one
> header? Or have I really missed the point?

You have a point.  They very well could be a single line.  The thing to
consider is a case whereby I send a message to 20 recipients in a company.
Each one of those recipients will challenge me with a unique authenticator.
So, the recipients should be listed individually...whether we can use a
delimeter with the authenticator following..might be a better method.

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R Framework
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On Wednesday, May 14, 2003 10:24 PM, Eric Dean [SMTP:eric@purespeed.com] wrote:
8<...>8
>  << File: CR_System.txt >>

Introduction
"Challenge Response systems intend to authenticate a sender's identity and 
determine if a sender originated a message to a particular recipient."

Suggested change:

Challenge Response systems intend to validate message origination for a 
designated recipient.

Rationale:

C/R systems may not be required to authenticate identity (perhaps they should 
not, that does not matter) however the basis intent is to validate using some 
mechanism (automated or manual) a messages originator, where origination may be 
a human or machine actor.  Additionally, the use of 'particular' connotes for 
me that any 'addressed' recipient may be the subject of 'determination'.  IMHO, 
the more appropriate term would be designated recipient as that for me connotes 
an association between the originator and the recipient.

On a slightly different point, in my terms a sender and originator are 
functionally equivalent but since your paper also addresses possible machine 
actors I use the term originator as a semantic abstraction.

<insert>
Message Originator

 An actor, human or machine, that causes the insertion of an
 original or revised message into the message transfer system.

Sender

 The nomenclature used to designate a message originator or a
 process acting as a origination point for a message in the MTS.
 Sender is also a message header.
</insert>

-e

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To: "Vernon Schryver" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R - What people say
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> I think that's an overstatement or beside the point.  While according
> to standards theory, Sender: headers may have nothing to do with
> whether the message is bulk, practice may differ.  I'd want to look
> at a few 1,000,000 private messages in a variety of locations and
> check the behavior of a bunch of MTAs and MUAs before guessing whether
> in practice "Sender" headers indicate "bulk."

Considering that we are a research group and not a standard's group, that
would be an excellent approach.  We've found that the Sender header works in
many cases but many people pointed out additional methods...this isn't a
trivial issue.

> > From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
>
> > ok..very nice..so what do you propose for list detection?
>
> It's not Dave Crocker's fault that Sender headers do not necessarily
> indcate "bulk," and neither is it his responsibility to find a solution
> to your problem if they don't.

>  You could but don't absolutely need to
> thank him for pointing out a hole.

Thanks Dave

> You certainly should not snarl.

Indeed...I did snarl as I wrote that response.

> In your position, I'd hope to offer evidence showing that in practice
> Sender: headers do work or some (real, not invented) words in an RFC
> showing that Dave Crocker is mistaken.  Failing that, I'd probably
> fall back on "well, C/R isn't perfect, but it's good enough to help"
> (if that were my opinion, which it isn't).

Well, I believe there is more work to be done in this area.  We use Sender
but it appears that many other mechanisms are available..yet nothing
standard.



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> There are some explicit conventions involving mailing lists, though
> conformance is extremely spotty.  As a simple example of headers that
> are explicitly and exclusively used for mailing headers, folks might
> want to look at the headers that are attached by the list mailer for
> this very list...

ok..well should we try to identify those methods, or should we just say
"don't challenge lists"?

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> So, the recipients should be listed individually...whether we can use a
> delimeter with the authenticator following..might be a better method.
> 
> 
> 
like:
X-something: recipient-1 ; auth-string-1
X-something: recipient-2 ; auth-string-2
etc...

Regarding the length of the authentication string, is there an issue with
header line length?




--
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> From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>

> ...
> ok..well should we try to identify those methods, or should we just say
> "don't challenge lists"?

If I were in your position, I'd write "trying not to challenge
lists by not challenging messages with any of the following 37
characteristics..."


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: RE: [Asrg] C/R Framework
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Hell..there's some ridiculously long email addresses out there too.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jon Kyme [mailto:jrk@merseymail.com]
> Sent: Thursday, May 15, 2003 10:32 AM
> To: Eric Dean
> Cc: ASRG
> Subject: Re: RE: [Asrg] C/R Framework
> 
> 
> > So, the recipients should be listed individually...whether we can use a
> > delimeter with the authenticator following..might be a better method.
> > 
> > 
> > 
> like:
> X-something: recipient-1 ; auth-string-1
> X-something: recipient-2 ; auth-string-2
> etc...
> 
> Regarding the length of the authentication string, is there an issue with
> header line length?
> 
> 
> 
> 
> --
> 
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From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] RE: C/R Framework
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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 10:58:53 -0400
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> >
> >Abstract
> >RFC821 was not designed to authenticate sources or senders of email
> >messages.  In an effort to reduce spam on the Internet, this document
> >defines a method by which email senders may be authenticated and
> >determined if that sender originated a message to a designated recipient.
>
> In the purposes section, we state that this is "-Not an authentication
> method for email delivery or security protocol". Is our intent to
> make sure
> that the sender's email address is valid but not to authenticate
> the actual
> identity of the sender?

It can be argued that we do both with C/R.  It's not a strong authentication
but an authentication nonetheless.

> I am not readily understanding the different
> between this statement and the conflicting statement in the purposes
> section. Is making sure that the original sender exists called
> "authentication" or perhaps a different term should be used?

I used what we have in our taxonomy.  If you have a more representive word,
do tell.

> Also, I came across an interesting quote in section 7.1 of RFC 2821:
>
>     "Efforts to make it more difficult for users to set envelope return
>     path and header "From" fields to point to valid addresses other than
>     their own are largely misguided: they frustrate legitimate
>     applications in which mail is sent by one user on behalf of another
>     or in which error (or normal) replies should be directed to a special
>     address.  (Systems that provide convenient ways for users to alter
>     these fields on a per-message basis should attempt to establish a
>     primary and permanent mailbox address for the user so that Sender
>     fields within the message data can be generated sensibly.)
>     This specification does not further address the authentication issues
>     associated with SMTP other than to advocate that useful functionality
>     not be disabled in the hope of providing some small margin of
>     protection against an ignorant user who is trying to fake mail."

Good to keep in mind


> We need to define more precisely exactly which header we are
> using. We ARE
> NOT using the "Message-Context" defined in RFC3458 since that is
> presentation logic, and not the "Content Disposition" header either (RFC
> 2183) for the same reason. So are we using the "Content-Type:" header
> defined in RFC 2045? If so should we be suggesting a custom type starting
> with "X-" or should we specify a new type: probably something like
> "message/challenge" (see
> http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/message/ for current
> assignments in the "message" category)? The "message" type is defined in
> RFC 2046.

This is an excellent point and one that requires more research.  After going
through the different RFCs, I was leaning towards 1894 as C/R most closely
resembles Delivery Status...and really doesn't resemble that much at all.
It was just the closest thing I could come up with..so I just took a shot in
the dark...this protocol specific value is completely subject to revision
and is most likely wrong.


> All of these do not apply in our case, all of our information is
> stored in
> headers only (for the automatic protocol, the manual protocol includes
> links in the message body. Headers are defined in sections 2.1 and 2.2 of
> RFC 2822 and we must decide if we are going to define standard headers or
> extension headers ("CM: or X-CM"). If we are using custom headers, then
> reference to sections 4.7.4 and 4.7.5 of RFC 822 should be made.

Yes, thanks for keeping me honest.

>
> Its more like guidelines then a method. We cannot enforce implementation
> details.

Edit made

>
>
> Same as above - we need to define more precisely - are we using a MIME
> type, custom headers, etc. And we are not giving a method, just
> suggesting
> some guidelines. Do we authenticate or determine sender - we need
> a better
> definition here.

Yes, I distinctly believe we should avoid discussing methods or anything
implementation specific.  A guideline and protocol set is my intent.

> >   A Challenge/Response system can be used to determine whether a sender
> > exists and whether that sender intended to send a message to a
> designated
> > recipient.
>
> We need a more clear view - there are two things being defined in this
> document - one is an automated protocol for machines and two - a set of
> guidelines for manual systems. An automated protocol will only allow
> machines to check is the sender exists, whether he wanted to send
> a message
> or not, is not really for us to decide unless you intend on using the
> "X-CM-Recipient:" header field for that purpose.

If a C/R mail system (or client) maintained the state of all outgoing mail
then it would know if a sender really sent the message.  Intent is a bad
word..agreed...personalizes it.

> However in that case the
> sender's system would have to keep track of all the people he
> sent mail to
> and then check that against the "X-CM-Recipient:" field in the
> challenged.
> I do not know if this should part of the protocol - may be more of an
> optional feature.

Definitely should be part of the protocol but open to implementation.
Compliance is always an option.

> >  A C/R system or client software supporting the C/R MIME experimental
> > content-type values would have the option of automatically
> responding to
> > the challenge message or forwarding to the original sender to
> perform the
> > action.
>
> What does "forwarding" to original sender mean? That only applies to the
> case of an MTA doing handling the C/R, not the user client. We
> need to make
> this paragraph more clear - a system or MTA would have such option, the
> client software would either responde automatically or do nothing.

Yes, much needs to be made clearer

>
> Good, we probably should split the document into two parts -one to
> automatic protocol and second for manual guidelines.
>
> >Purposes
> >-Used to dynamically build user whitelists.  In some
> implementations, the
> >C/R system is used to determine is a sender is real and allow for that
> >sender to verify that he intended to send a message to the
> >recipient.  Upon responding to the challenge, the sender will then get
> >added to the user's personal whitelist.
>
> Again - sender being real and sender sending the message are different
> goals. We need to make that more clear. And also, "some
> implementations"? I
> am not getting that - aren't we defining guidelines for all
> implementation.
> Rather we should list required features and optional features of
> the protocol.

ok
>
> Perhaps we should check if the original's sender's domain
> actually exists,
> before sending the message? Also, if that happens do we drop the message
> automatically?

Many mail systems do this today.  There are all sorts of RFC checks..we need
not focus there.

>
> >   If the sender's C/R SMTP server supports C/R methods, then
> the original
> > sender's SMTP server may automatically respond to the challenge request.
>
> This line bothers me - restricting to SMTP. Who will implement
> challenge/response - the incoming SMTP server or system that is actually
> storing the mail? The incoming SMTP server might not possess a
> list of all
> the recipients and may not be able to automatically decide if the "
> X-CM-Recipient" matches someone that the sender sent mail to (if we are
> doing that).

Yes, the incoming MX server will issue the challenge message which will be
sent in return to the sender.  The sender's MX server can then issue the
challenge response.  How would a sender's MX server know of outgoing mail
(especially is SMTP gateway and MX are split)?  That's not our problem.
Vendors would need to maintain state in the way they do for other systems.
I'm not trying to be hand-wavy here but rather just trying to set forth the
minimum mandatory criteria without restricting implementations.


> >Challenge Message
> >The Challenge Message should contain both the MIME experimental
> >content-type values defined herein.  The following MIME experimental
> >content-type values are required for C/R interoperability:
> >X-CM-Recipient: - This C/R header should identify the original recipient
> >of the message that is issuing the challenge.
>
> What format, is this in a standard email address format? Then the
> relevant
> section of RFC 822 or 2822 should be referenced here.

ok

> >X-CM-URI: - This C/R header identifies an authentication string
> unique to
> >that sender-recipient pair that ensures that the challenge response is
> >from the original sender.
>
> What format? Is this simply a URI? or some kind of code? Or
> implementation
> specific? Should we be naming it "URI" if it is not.

URI is probably not the best name..and I don't care about the format...it
should just be long and unguessable.  In practice, many people encode all
sorts of things in their URI..so we shouldn't restrcit

> >If client software is performing the C/R, then the challenge should be
> >sent with an email address local to that email client.  If neither the
> >original sender's server or client software support C/R
> interoperability,
> >then the challenge message should contain as well as a message that
> >clearly instructs the user how to perform a manual challenge
> >response.  Typically, clicking on an embedded HREF or a simple
> reply-to is
> >sufficient for the original sender to manually reply.
>
> The reply-to ability MUST BE present - not everyone who has email,
> necessarily has HTTP. Also, for the same reason, the challenge message
> should not be MIME encoded, or in some form of HTML format - just
> simple text.

In practice, most people use multipart messages.  I'm not sure we want to
restrict whether someone has to be able to respond to a challenge via HTTP
or SMTP.  I'm just saying the process should be "clear and descriptive".
I'm not trying to build a product but rather establish guidelines

> >X-CR-URI: V=X-CM-URI  This C/R header is sent to the originating C/R
> >system to validate that the original sender had sent a message to the
> >X-CM-Recipient.  The X-CM-URI authentication string that was
> supplied with
> >the challenge message is sent along with a key "V=" to signify that the
> >original sender is intending on delivering a message to the recipient.
> >X-CR-URI: U=X-CM-URI  This C/R header is sent to the originating C/R
> >system to invalidate that the original sender had sent a message to the
> >X-CM-Recipient.  The X-CM-URI authentication string that was
> supplied with
> >the challenge message is sent along with a key "U=" to signify that the
> >original sender did not intend to deliver a message to the recipient.
>
> What's V and U stand for?

I changed it to V for valid and I for invalid.  This msot certainly will
change to something more appropriate..just tried to think of something...in
fact, the state should move to the header.

> We need to rethink this a bit - maybe we should
> have "X-CR-Challenge" and "X-CR-Response" fields?

That'll work too.



> >Challenge messages should not be sent to mailing lists.
>
> Why not? If we have an automated protocol and the mailing list supports
> C/R, then it should be able to detect the incoming challenge. This is not
> so simple, we need more work on this.

Some mailing lists post with the original sender.  Therefore, everyone tha
tposts gets hit with C/R messages.

> >Loop avoidance
> >C/R systems should use a local address on the C/R system or an actual
> >email address within client software.  In either case, the C/R system
> >should remain stateful in monitoring outstanding Challenge Messages and
> >should not continue issuing challenge messages when an existing
> request is
> >outstanding.  Additional methods used for double-bounces and vacation
> >responders would also be appropriate.
>
> Perhaps using "X-Been-There" header or something like that. This is also
> interesting - section 6.2 of RFC 2821:
>
> "6.2 Loop Detection.
>
>     Simple counting of the number of "Received:" headers in a message has
>     proven to be an effective, although rarely optimal, method of
>     detecting loops in mail systems.  SMTP servers using this technique
>     SHOULD use a large rejection threshold, normally at least 100
>     Received entries.  Whatever mechanisms are used, servers MUST contain
>     provisions for detecting and stopping trivial loops."

Excellent

>
> >Security
> >URI length to prevent brute force attacks
>
> Also how to prevent spammers from spoofing an address on the
> white list. If
> the sender checks the "X-CR-Receipient" field against the list of
> people he
> sent email to, that might be avoided.

Yes


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From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
To: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R Framework
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>
> Introduction
> "Challenge Response systems intend to authenticate a sender's
> identity and
> determine if a sender originated a message to a particular recipient."
>
> Suggested change:
>
> Challenge Response systems intend to validate message origination for a
> designated recipient.

Yes, the by-product of post-midnight, caffeinated stupors is that sentences
make sense that in fact don't.

> Rationale:
>
> C/R systems may not be required to authenticate identity (perhaps
> they should
> not, that does not matter) however the basis intent is to
> validate using some
> mechanism (automated or manual) a messages originator, where
> origination may be
> a human or machine actor.  Additionally, the use of 'particular'
> connotes for
> me that any 'addressed' recipient may be the subject of
> 'determination'.  IMHO,
> the more appropriate term would be designated recipient as that
> for me connotes
> an association between the originator and the recipient.

agreed

> On a slightly different point, in my terms a sender and originator are
> functionally equivalent but since your paper also addresses
> possible machine
> actors I use the term originator as a semantic abstraction.
>
> <insert>
> Message Originator
>
>  An actor, human or machine, that causes the insertion of an
>  original or revised message into the message transfer system.
>
> Sender
>
>  The nomenclature used to designate a message originator or a
>  process acting as a origination point for a message in the MTS.
>  Sender is also a message header.
> </insert>


Would also be a good insertion into our taxonomy.

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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 16:33:11 +0100

This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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Folks, 

I'm new to the list, and haven't trawled the archives, so possibly I missed something about the definition of Spam....

I am interested in the fact that in a recent survey (http://itmanagement.earthweb.com/secu/article.php/2201291), 28% of respondents replied to spam and 8% actually ordered in response to spam.   It seems that some people like (some) spam.

How should this affect mechanisms for stopping spam? (if at all...)

Cheers
Roy

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Roy S. Walker





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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 11:47:39 -0400

At 03:31 PM 5/15/2003 +0100, Jon Kyme wrote:

> > So, the recipients should be listed individually...whether we can use a
> > delimeter with the authenticator following..might be a better method.
> >
> >
> >
>like:
>X-something: recipient-1 ; auth-string-1
>X-something: recipient-2 ; auth-string-2
>etc...
>
>Regarding the length of the authentication string, is there an issue with
>header line length?

We can fold the headers onto extra lines  - see section 2.2.3 of RFC 2822:

---snip----

2.2.3. Long Header Fields

    Each header field is logically a single line of characters comprising
    the field name, the colon, and the field body.  For convenience
    however, and to deal with the 998/78 character limitations per line,
    the field body portion of a header field can be split into a multiple
    line representation; this is called "folding".  The general rule is
    that wherever this standard allows for folding white space (not
    simply WSP characters), a CRLF may be inserted before any WSP.  For
    example, the header field:
            Subject: This is a test
    can be represented as:
            Subject: This
             is a test
    Note: Though structured field bodies are defined in such a way that
    folding can take place between many of the lexical tokens (and even
    within some of the lexical tokens), folding SHOULD be limited to
    placing the CRLF at higher-level syntactic breaks.  For instance, if
    a field body is defined as comma-separated values, it is recommended
    that folding occur after the comma separating the structured items in
    preference to other places where the field could be folded, even if
    it is allowed elsewhere.
    The process of moving from this folded multiple-line representation
    of a header field to its single line representation is called
    "unfolding". Unfolding is accomplished by simply removing any CRLF
    that is immediately followed by WSP.  Each header field should be
    treated in its unfolded form for further syntactic and semantic
    evaluation."

---snip----

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 11:49:33 -0400

At 10:23 PM 5/14/2003 -0400, Eric Dean wrote:


>Attached, you'll find a proposed framework I have put together for a C/R
>discussion.  Please excuse the formating..I'll groff it soon..assuming it
>lives.
>
>I have attempted to capture some of the key areas and concerns that have
>been discussed over the past couple of weeks as well as incorporate some of
>my own ideas.  My intent is to throw something down on the table that's at
>least wrong and allow for an exchange of ideas regarding how to proceed if
>at all.

Below is a copy of some of the comments on this proposal that I previously 
emailed to Eric. He agreed that they should be posted to the entire list.

--------------------------------

>Abstract
>RFC821 was not designed to authenticate sources or senders of email 
>messages.  In an effort to reduce spam on the Internet, this document 
>defines a method by which email senders may be authenticated and 
>determined if that sender originated a message to a designated recipient.

In the purposes section, we state that this is "-Not an authentication 
method for email delivery or security protocol". Is our intent to make sure 
that the sender's email address is valid but not to authenticate the actual 
identity of the sender? I am not readily understanding the different 
between this statement and the conflicting statement in the purposes 
section. Is making sure that the original sender exists called 
"authentication" or perhaps a different term should be used?

Also, I came across an interesting quote in section 7.1 of RFC 2821:

    "Efforts to make it more difficult for users to set envelope return
    path and header "From" fields to point to valid addresses other than
    their own are largely misguided: they frustrate legitimate
    applications in which mail is sent by one user on behalf of another
    or in which error (or normal) replies should be directed to a special
    address.  (Systems that provide convenient ways for users to alter
    these fields on a per-message basis should attempt to establish a
    primary and permanent mailbox address for the user so that Sender
    fields within the message data can be generated sensibly.)
    This specification does not further address the authentication issues
    associated with SMTP other than to advocate that useful functionality
    not be disabled in the hope of providing some small margin of
    protection against an ignorant user who is trying to fake mail."

>   This document proposes the use of MIME experimental content-type values 
> for automated C/R control.

We need to define more precisely exactly which header we are using. We ARE 
NOT using the "Message-Context" defined in RFC3458 since that is 
presentation logic, and not the "Content Disposition" header either (RFC 
2183) for the same reason. So are we using the "Content-Type:" header 
defined in RFC 2045? If so should we be suggesting a custom type starting 
with "X-" or should we specify a new type: probably something like 
"message/challenge" (see 
http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/message/ for current 
assignments in the "message" category)? The "message" type is defined in 
RFC 2046.

In general the purpose of MIME as outline in RFC 2045 is:

"This set of documents, collectively called the Multipurpose Internet Mail 
Extensions, or MIME, redefines the format of messages to allow for
     (1)   textual message bodies in character sets other than US-ASCII,
     (2)   an extensible set of different formats for non-textual message 
bodies,
     (3)   multi-part message bodies, and
     (4)   textual header information in character sets other than US-ASCII."

All of these do not apply in our case, all of our information is stored in 
headers only (for the automatic protocol, the manual protocol includes 
links in the message body. Headers are defined in sections 2.1 and 2.2 of 
RFC 2822 and we must decide if we are going to define standard headers or 
extension headers ("CM: or X-CM"). If we are using custom headers, then 
reference to sections 4.7.4 and 4.7.5 of RFC 822 should be made.

>   In addition, this document proposes a manual C/R method that interworks 
> with existing mail systems and clients.

Its more like guidelines then a method. We cannot enforce implementation 
details.

>Introduction
>This document identifies a MIME experimental content-type that may be used 
>by a message as well as a user interaction method for authenticating 
>sender identity and determining whether a sender originated a message to a 
>recipient.

Same as above - we need to define more precisely - are we using a MIME 
type, custom headers, etc. And we are not giving a method, just suggesting 
some guidelines. Do we authenticate or determine sender - we need a better 
definition here.

>   A Challenge/Response system can be used to determine whether a sender 
> exists and whether that sender intended to send a message to a designated 
> recipient.

We need a more clear view - there are two things being defined in this 
document - one is an automated protocol for machines and two - a set of 
guidelines for manual systems. An automated protocol will only allow 
machines to check is the sender exists, whether he wanted to send a message 
or not, is not really for us to decide unless you intend on using the 
"X-CM-Recipient:" header field for that purpose. However in that case the 
sender's system would have to keep track of all the people he sent mail to 
and then check that against the "X-CM-Recipient:" field in the challenged. 
I do not know if this should part of the protocol - may be more of an 
optional feature.

>  A C/R system or client software supporting the C/R MIME experimental 
> content-type values would have the option of automatically responding to 
> the challenge message or forwarding to the original sender to perform the 
> action.

What does "forwarding" to original sender mean? That only applies to the 
case of an MTA doing handling the C/R, not the user client. We need to make 
this paragraph more clear - a system or MTA would have such option, the 
client software would either responde automatically or do nothing.

>  This document identifies the C/R MIME experimental content-type values 
> for possible automated C/R systems as well as provides guidelines for a 
> manual user C/R method.

Good, we probably should split the document into two parts -one to 
automatic protocol and second for manual guidelines.

>Purposes
>-Used to dynamically build user whitelists.  In some implementations, the 
>C/R system is used to determine is a sender is real and allow for that 
>sender to verify that he intended to send a message to the 
>recipient.  Upon responding to the challenge, the sender will then get 
>added to the user's personal whitelist.

Again - sender being real and sender sending the message are different 
goals. We need to make that more clear. And also, "some implementations"? I 
am not getting that - aren't we defining guidelines for all implementation. 
Rather we should list required features and optional features of the protocol.

>-Reduce spam from spoofed senders.  In the event that a challenge message 
>is without an response for an extended period of time,
>-Reduce spam from invalid senders.  In the event that a challenge message 
>rejects or bounces via one or more SMTP errors, some C/R implementations 
>will automatically drop the message.

We should move the implementation details from the purposes section - 
things like "what C/R system does in case A", are not a purpose - they are 
the solution.

>-Not an authentication method for email delivery or security protocol

As mentioned above, we need to clarify this.

>Challenge Response Model
>The C/R model is based upon an approach whereby a sender sends a message 
>to a recipient's SMTP server.  The recipient's  SMTP server either 
>produces a challenge message or forwards the original message to a 
>recipient's client system that produces a challenge message. The resulting 
>challenge message is sent to the original sender.

Perhaps we should check if the original's sender's domain actually exists, 
before sending the message? Also, if that happens do we drop the message 
automatically?

>   If the sender's C/R SMTP server supports C/R methods, then the original 
> sender's SMTP server may automatically respond to the challenge request.

This line bothers me - restricting to SMTP. Who will implement 
challenge/response - the incoming SMTP server or system that is actually 
storing the mail? The incoming SMTP server might not possess a list of all 
the recipients and may not be able to automatically decide if the " 
X-CM-Recipient" matches someone that the sender sent mail to (if we are 
doing that).

>   Otherwise, the original sender's server should forward the message to 
> the original sender.  If the original sender's client system supports C/R 
> methods, then the original sender's client software may automatically 
> respond to the challenge message.  In the event that neither the server 
> nor client software are C/R compatible, the C/R message should contain 
> clear instructions to the original sender describing how to appropriately 
> respond to the challenge request.


Good.



>-------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
>        ----------------------------------------
>        |                                       |
>        |                                       v
>        v       +----------+                +----------+
>    +------+    |          |                |          |    +------+
>    | User |<-->|          |       C/R      |          |<-->| User |
>    +------+    |  Sender- |Commands/Replies| Receiver-|    +------+
>    +------+    |SMTP/HTTP |<-------------->|SMTP/HTTP |    +------+
>    |Client|<-->|          |                |          |<-->|Client|
>    |System|    |          |                |          |    |System|
>    +------+    +----------+                +----------+    +------+
>
>
>                 Sender-SMTP                Receiver-SMTP
>
>                            Model for C/R Use
>
>                                 Figure 1
>
>      -------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
>Challenge Message
>The Challenge Message should contain both the MIME experimental 
>content-type values defined herein.  The following MIME experimental 
>content-type values are required for C/R interoperability:
>X-CM-Recipient: - This C/R header should identify the original recipient 
>of the message that is issuing the challenge.

What format, is this in a standard email address format? Then the relevant 
section of RFC 822 or 2822 should be referenced here.

>X-CM-URI: - This C/R header identifies an authentication string unique to 
>that sender-recipient pair that ensures that the challenge response is 
>from the original sender.

What format? Is this simply a URI? or some kind of code? Or implementation 
specific? Should we be naming it "URI" if it is not.


>If an original sender sends to multiple recipients on the same C/R server, 
>then the server can issue the challenge message with each X-CM-Recipient 
>listed with corresponding URIs.
>
>The sender of the C/R message must be a valid sender address.  In the 
>event that a server-based mail system is performing C/R, then the 
>challenge should be sent with an email address local to that server.  If 
>multiple servers are used, then the Challenge Message can be forwarded to 
>peer servers if other synchronization mechanisms are not in place.
>
>If client software is performing the C/R, then the challenge should be 
>sent with an email address local to that email client.  If neither the 
>original sender's server or client software support C/R interoperability, 
>then the challenge message should contain as well as a message that 
>clearly instructs the user how to perform a manual challenge 
>response.  Typically, clicking on an embedded HREF or a simple reply-to is 
>sufficient for the original sender to manually reply.

The reply-to ability MUST BE present - not everyone who has email, 
necessarily has HTTP. Also, for the same reason, the challenge message 
should not be MIME encoded, or in some form of HTML format - just simple text.

As someone mentioned on the mailing list, there should be an email address 
of the recipient's administrator included just in case. That address SHOULD 
NOT issue challenges. Perhaps we also need a custom header or use a 
standard one defined somewhere like "Errors-To" for this.


>Challenge Response
>For C/R compatible systems that support the MIME experimental content-type 
>values, the challenge response mechanism could be automated.  The 
>following MIME experimental content-type values are required for C/R 
>interoperability:
>
>X-CR-URI: V=X-CM-URI  This C/R header is sent to the originating C/R 
>system to validate that the original sender had sent a message to the 
>X-CM-Recipient.  The X-CM-URI authentication string that was supplied with 
>the challenge message is sent along with a key "V=" to signify that the 
>original sender is intending on delivering a message to the recipient.
>X-CR-URI: U=X-CM-URI  This C/R header is sent to the originating C/R 
>system to invalidate that the original sender had sent a message to the 
>X-CM-Recipient.  The X-CM-URI authentication string that was supplied with 
>the challenge message is sent along with a key "U=" to signify that the 
>original sender did not intend to deliver a message to the recipient.

What's V and U stand for? We need to rethink this a bit - maybe we should 
have "X-CR-Challenge" and "X-CR-Response" fields? The sender will add the 
response field. Should there be a standard token format? What about 
possible support for hashcash type systems via these tokens?

>Mail Lists
>Proper identification and handling of user subscribed mailing lists is 
>essential for C/R deployment.  While no standard exists for identifying 
>lists, many common methods include using the following headers:
>
>"sender:",
>"X-BeenThere:",
>"mailing-list:",
>"list-help:",
>"list-unsubscribe:",
>"precedence: bulk",
>"precedence: list",

More research into this is needed, I think some RFCs provide guidelines on 
this.

>Challenge messages should not be sent to mailing lists.

Why not? If we have an automated protocol and the mailing list supports 
C/R, then it should be able to detect the incoming challenge. This is not 
so simple, we need more work on this.

>Loop avoidance
>C/R systems should use a local address on the C/R system or an actual 
>email address within client software.  In either case, the C/R system 
>should remain stateful in monitoring outstanding Challenge Messages and 
>should not continue issuing challenge messages when an existing request is 
>outstanding.  Additional methods used for double-bounces and vacation 
>responders would also be appropriate.

Perhaps using "X-Been-There" header or something like that. This is also 
interesting - section 6.2 of RFC 2821:

"6.2 Loop Detection.

    Simple counting of the number of "Received:" headers in a message has
    proven to be an effective, although rarely optimal, method of
    detecting loops in mail systems.  SMTP servers using this technique
    SHOULD use a large rejection threshold, normally at least 100
    Received entries.  Whatever mechanisms are used, servers MUST contain
    provisions for detecting and stopping trivial loops."

>Security
>URI length to prevent brute force attacks

Also how to prevent spammers from spoofing an address on the white list. If 
the sender checks the "X-CR-Receipient" field against the list of people he 
sent email to, that might be avoided.

>Privacy
>-Data Collection

There are plenty of messages on that in the list. Legal issues must be left 
aside, although we may mention them. Like I mentioned perhaps some form of 
a checksum should be used, to avoid storing real email addresses in the 
database. Also, perhaps the "X-CR-Recipient" header above should be a 
checksum (MD5?) instead of the real email address.

>References
>
>    [RFC-821] Postel, J., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", STD 10, RFC
>    821, USC/Information Sciences Institute, August 1982.
>
>    [RFC-822] Crocker, D., "Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text
>    Messages", STD 11, RFC 822, UDEL, August 1982.

These were supplemented by RFCs 2821 and 2822.

>    [RFC-934] Rose, M., and E. Stefferud, "Proposed Standard for Message
>    Encapsulation", RFC 934, Delaware and NMA, January 1985.

What are we getting from RFC-934 or is this is here just in case for the 
future?


>    [RFC-1049] Sirbu, M., "Content-Type Header Field for Internet
>    Messages", STD 11, RFC 1049, CMU, March 1988.
>
>    [RFC-1341] Borenstein, N., and N. Freed, "MIME (Multipurpose Internet
>    Mail Extensions): Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing the Format
>    of Internet Message Bodies", RFC 1341, Bellcore, Innosoft, June 1992.

These was obsoleted by RFC 1521, which in turn was obsoleted by RFC 2045 
which I think is current. We should probably reference the most recent one. 
Also take a look at the whole MIME series of RFCs: 2045 through 2049 (2047 
is not relevant to us, it deals with non-ASCII text,


>    [RFC-1344] Borenstein, N., "Implications of MIME for Internet
>    Mail Gateways", RFC 1344, Bellcore, June 1992.

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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 11:53:08 -0400

At 09:41 AM 5/15/2003 -0400, Eric Dean wrote:

> > There are some explicit conventions involving mailing lists, though
> > conformance is extremely spotty.  As a simple example of headers that
> > are explicitly and exclusively used for mailing headers, folks might
> > want to look at the headers that are attached by the list mailer for
> > this very list...
>
>ok..well should we try to identify those methods, or should we just say
>"don't challenge lists"?

If an automated protocol for C/R is in place, why shouldn't we challenge 
lists? If the list software supports the protocol, it will response to the 
challenge automatically. However, this perhaps is needed for dealing with 
list software that does not support it but this should be made more clear.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 11:55:32 -0400

At 10:59 AM 5/15/2003 +0100, Jon Kyme wrote:

> > of
> > My intent is to throw something down on the table that's at
> > least wrong and allow for an exchange of ideas regarding how to proceed
> > if
> > at all.
> >
> >
><quote>
>Privacy
>Concerns exist regarding data collection of correspondences between certain
>senders and recipients however such information is available in most
>mailing systems
></quote>
>
>Well, that's just a red rag to *some* bulls :-)
>
>I don't think that asserting that the same concerns apply to *other*
>systems
>adequately addresses concerns applying to *these* systems. Plus also - it's
>not strictly true, since the *necessarily* long life of this data in a C/R
>system has implications.

There are several privacy concerns - the whitelist primarily. Also, if the 
challenge message contains the receivers email address that might be a 
problem too. As I mentioned before, perhaps we should not store plain email 
addresses - but some form of checksum or something. Even though that is 
susceptible to dictionary attacks, the attacker must know what he is 
looking for. This will at least protect against people snooping at messages.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Subject: Re: RE: [Asrg] C/R Framework
To: "Yakov Shafranovich"  <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 17:00:09 +0100

> At 03:31 PM 5/15/2003 +0100, Jon Kyme wrote:
> 
> 
> > > So, the recipients should be listed individually...whether we can use
> a
> > > delimeter with the authenticator following..might be a better method.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >like:
> >X-something: recipient-1 ; auth-string-1
> >X-something: recipient-2 ; auth-string-2
> >etc...
> >
> >Regarding the length of the authentication string, is there an issue
> with
> >header line length?
> 
> We can fold the headers onto extra lines - see section 2.2.3 of RFC 2822:
> 

Yes, I've read that... are we expecting much whitespace inside the
authentication string?






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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 12:00:47 -0400

At 09:30 AM 5/15/2003 -0400, you wrote:


> > Well, that's just a red rag to *some* bulls :-)
> >
> > I don't think that asserting that the same concerns apply to *other*
> > systems
> > adequately addresses concerns applying to *these* systems. Plus
> > also - it's
> > not strictly true, since the *necessarily* long life of this data in a C/R
> > system has implications.
>
>
>Yeah..that was just a placheolder...however, my thinking is that we should
>be addressing the protocol..not how some systems implement persistent data.
>For example, some systems may not use C/R to build whitelists.  Some may
>just challenge very message..it would be stupid..but they could.  Within
>client email software,, the C/R mechansim would have much less privacy
>concerns.  So, I'm trying to divorce myself from implementations but rather
>focus on seucrity implications of the protocol itself...could be wrong about
>that..but that was my thinking.

If you mandate the use of an MD5 checksum in the X-CM-Receipient field or 
some similar mechanism instead of a plain email address, this might reduce 
the problem. 

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Framework
To: "Yakov Shafranovich"  <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 17:05:57 +0100

> problem too. As I mentioned before, perhaps we should not store plain
> email
> addresses - but some form of checksum or something. Even though that is 
> susceptible to dictionary attacks, the attacker must know what he is 
> looking for. This will at least protect against people snooping at
> messages.
> 


I don't think it's necc. to specify what steps an implementer needs to take
to protect/hide the data - just an recommendation that they should take
steps is probably enough. Maybe?






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To: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RE: C/R Framework
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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 12:06:18 -0400

At 10:58 AM 5/15/2003 -0400, Eric Dean wrote:

> >
> > Perhaps we should check if the original's sender's domain
> > actually exists,
> > before sending the message? Also, if that happens do we drop the message
> > automatically?
>
>Many mail systems do this today.  There are all sorts of RFC checks..we need
>not focus there.

Perhaps just mention or reference the relevant documents here?



> > >X-CM-URI: - This C/R header identifies an authentication string
> > unique to
> > >that sender-recipient pair that ensures that the challenge response is
> > >from the original sender.
> >
> > What format? Is this simply a URI? or some kind of code? Or
> > implementation
> > specific? Should we be naming it "URI" if it is not.
>
>URI is probably not the best name..and I don't care about the format...it
>should just be long and unguessable.  In practice, many people encode all
>sorts of things in their URI..so we shouldn't restrcit

I would be more comfortable with naming it an "token" not "URI".


> > >If client software is performing the C/R, then the challenge should be
> > >sent with an email address local to that email client.  If neither the
> > >original sender's server or client software support C/R
> > interoperability,
> > >then the challenge message should contain as well as a message that
> > >clearly instructs the user how to perform a manual challenge
> > >response.  Typically, clicking on an embedded HREF or a simple
> > reply-to is
> > >sufficient for the original sender to manually reply.
> >
> > The reply-to ability MUST BE present - not everyone who has email,
> > necessarily has HTTP. Also, for the same reason, the challenge message
> > should not be MIME encoded, or in some form of HTML format - just
> > simple text.
>
>In practice, most people use multipart messages.  I'm not sure we want to
>restrict whether someone has to be able to respond to a challenge via HTTP
>or SMTP.  I'm just saying the process should be "clear and descriptive".
>I'm not trying to build a product but rather establish guidelines

We can keep this as a suggestion - that implementators should have SMTP as 
well.


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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 12:08:18 -0400

At 05:05 PM 5/15/2003 +0100, Jon Kyme wrote:

> > problem too. As I mentioned before, perhaps we should not store plain
> > email
> > addresses - but some form of checksum or something. Even though that is
> > susceptible to dictionary attacks, the attacker must know what he is
> > looking for. This will at least protect against people snooping at
> > messages.
> >
>
>
>I don't think it's necc. to specify what steps an implementer needs to take
>to protect/hide the data - just an recommendation that they should take
>steps is probably enough. Maybe?

In order to different C/R systems to interoperate they must know whether a 
plain email address is used or a checksum - leaving this to implementors 
will kill interoperability. Perhaps this should be an optional feature of 
the protocol?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 12:09:17 -0400

At 05:00 PM 5/15/2003 +0100, Jon Kyme wrote:

> > At 03:31 PM 5/15/2003 +0100, Jon Kyme wrote:
> >
> >
> > > > So, the recipients should be listed individually...whether we can use
> > a
> > > > delimeter with the authenticator following..might be a better method.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > >like:
> > >X-something: recipient-1 ; auth-string-1
> > >X-something: recipient-2 ; auth-string-2
> > >etc...
> > >
> > >Regarding the length of the authentication string, is there an issue
> > with
> > >header line length?
> >
> > We can fold the headers onto extra lines - see section 2.2.3 of RFC 2822:
> >
>
>Yes, I've read that... are we expecting much whitespace inside the
>authentication string?

Even if there is whitespace within the authentication string, which I am 
not expecting really - we can still work around it. We'll provide some 
guidelines based on RFC 2822.

Yakov 

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Spam is good?
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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 11:03:39 -0700

On Thu, May 15, 2003 at 04:33:11PM +0100, Roy S. Walker wrote:
> Folks, 
> 
> I'm new to the list, and haven't trawled the archives, so possibly I missed something about the definition of Spam....
> 
> I am interested in the fact that in a recent survey (http://itmanagement.earthweb.com/secu/article.php/2201291), 28% of respondents replied to spam and 8% actually ordered in response to spam.   It seems that some people like (some) spam.
> 
> How should this affect mechanisms for stopping spam? (if at all...)

"'spam' is ill-defined" is the main datapoint that survey provides.

Concentrating on stopping "spam" is a complete waste of effort. Stopping
unsolicited bulk email is the useful target for the ASRG to concentrate
on, and that is not affected at all by the mailshell survey.

(Discussion within this WG would be far more productive if the word "spam"
 were used only in the context of "how to communicate an issue to end users"
 and were only used in quotes then.)

Cheers,
  Steve
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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 13:27:38 -0400

At 04:33 PM 5/15/2003 +0100, Roy S. Walker wrote:
>Content-Transfer-Encoding: (null)
>
>Folks,
>
>I'm new to the list, and haven't trawled the archives, so possibly I 
>missed something about the definition of Spam....
>
>I am interested in the fact that in a recent survey 
>(http://itmanagement.earthweb.com/secu/article.php/2201291), 28% of 
>respondents replied to spam and 8% actually ordered in response to 
>spam.   It seems that some people like (some) spam.
>
>How should this affect mechanisms for stopping spam? (if at all...)
>
>Cheers
>Roy
>
>--
>Roy S. Walker

In general we are seeking a technical solution but here are some 
interesting quotes from the article:

" 50 percent of the more than 1,000 respondents to a March 2003 Mailshell 
survey indicated that they believe they are at least partially responsible 
for the volume of spam they receive. More than one-quarter (28 percent) 
admittedly replied to spam, and another 8 percent have actually made 
purchases via unsolicited promotional e-mail. "

" according to an April 2003 poll conducted by Osterman Research, nearly 
half (46 percent) of the respondents inadvertently deleted or overlooked a 
legitimate piece of e-mail. "

"The Mailshell survey found that 23 percent of their respondents had their 
computers infected with a virus, worm, tracking device, or other invasive 
code,"

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Framework
To: "Yakov Shafranovich"  <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 19:49:48 +0100

> At 05:05 PM 5/15/2003 +0100, Jon Kyme wrote:
> 
> 
> > > problem too. As I mentioned before, perhaps we should not store plain
> > > email
> > > addresses - but some form of checksum or something. Even though that
> is
> > > susceptible to dictionary attacks, the attacker must know what he is
> > > looking for. This will at least protect against people snooping at
> > > messages.
> > >
> >
> >
> >I don't think it's necc. to specify what steps an implementer needs to
> take
> >to protect/hide the data - just an recommendation that they should take
> >steps is probably enough. Maybe?
> 
> In order to different C/R systems to interoperate they must know whether
> a
> plain email address is used or a checksum - leaving this to implementors 
> will kill interoperability. Perhaps this should be an optional feature of
> the protocol?
> 

I think you'll find the point raised was regarding stored data.





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Subject: Re: RE: [Asrg] C/R Framework
To: "Yakov Shafranovich"  <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 19:54:18 +0100

> > > >Regarding the length of the authentication string, is there an issue
> > > with
> > > >header line length?
> > >
> > > We can fold the headers onto extra lines - see section 2.2.3 of RFC
> 2822:
> > >
> >
> >Yes, I've read that... are we expecting much whitespace inside the
> >authentication string?
> 
> Even if there is whitespace within the authentication string, which I am 
> not expecting really - we can still work around it. We'll provide some 
> guidelines based on RFC 2822.
> 


I look forward to that.




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On May 14, 2003 at 21:59 tbartel@assurancesys.com (Tom Bartel) wrote:
 > I am an email packrat (I suspect there are others like me) and one of my
 > webmail accounts currently has 1347 messages totaling 36.9MB in storage
 > space.  The messages go back several months.  I would guess this is
 > potentially the upper end of the bell curve, but don't have a clue. 
 > Again, maybe someone on the list possibly has some data points for this.

A few percent of the mailboxes on World are >50MB, there are quite a
few >100MB, some as much as 300MB. Admittedly it drops off rapidly
with less than 10% > 32MB, but that's all way above what you suspected
I think.

 > > Since spam seems to be rising rapidly and, I think it's safe to say
 > > tho I won't say I have data, spam msgs are expanding in size due to
 > > the inclusion of graphics etc (often to by-pass spam filters!) the
 > > outlook is bleak and worthwhile taking seriously.
 > 
 > I'm not sure how the inclusion of graphics increases the storage size of
 > mail.  It seems many spam messages now commonly use images to display
 > the "text" portion of their message, but the images are references to
 > external servers with fully qualified links.  Unless spammers are
 > encoding and embedding graphics in the message using multipart/related
 > MIME, I don't think HTML email adds to storage size.  It may infact
 > reduce storage size.

Yes, spammers encode the images in-line as base64 MIME parts.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R - What people say
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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 14:59:53 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>

> ...
> >ok..well should we try to identify those methods, or should we just say
> >"don't challenge lists"?
>
> If an automated protocol for C/R is in place, why shouldn't we challenge 
> lists? If the list software supports the protocol, it will response to the 
> challenge automatically. ...

Is that a joke?   I guess not.

What is the real goal a C/R system?  I thought it had something to do
with reducing "spam."  How does spam differ from any other bulk mail
except in whether it is solicited?

As I've pointed out, a substantal amount of the unsolicited bulk
mail in my traps has headers just like mail from other "lists"
including this one.

If a C/R system only stops spam from transient, "hit-and-run" systems
that do not stand still long enough to receive and answer a challenge,
it won't be very impressive.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: [Asrg] Bruce Schneier on unique email addresses...
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In the 15 May 2003 Crypto-Gram Newsletter, Bruce Schneier provides a
short discussion of some of the benefits and pitfalls of the "unique
email addresses" used by some to detect leakage of email addresses from
one site to another.

See: http://www.counterpane.com/crypto-gram-0305.html#6

In summary: The technique is very useful as long as you manage to ensure
that you don't reveal one your addresses by accidently giving it to the
wrong person.

        bob wyman

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Subject: [Asrg] News Article - FTC targeting open relays
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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 17:59:17 -0400

Just came across this article on CNET - it seems that FTC has been sending 
out letters to operators of open relays asking them to shut down the relaying:

http://news.com.com/2100-1028_3-1001868.html

The FTC site devoted to open relays is located at:

http://www.ftc.gov/openrelay

The question is do open relays matter anymore? According to report IMCR-016 
by the Internet Mail Consortium (http://www.imc.org/ube-relay.html) the 
following conclusions were reached:

"The results show that fewer than 1% of mail servers that are named in mail 
addresses allowed relaying in August 2002, a very sharp reduction from over 
6% from a year and a half earlier. In the same 18 months, the amount of 
spam a typical Internet users receives has gone up significantly. This 
shows that the amount of spam is not related to the number of open relays 
available."

---------------snip------------
Some interesting quotes from the article, particularly about advantages of 
open relays, legality of operating open relays, and the disadvantages of 
shutting them down:

"Federal and state law enforcement agencies pledged to take an aggressive 
new approach to fighting spam: identifying "open relay" mail servers that 
serve as conduits for massive quantities of junk e-mail. At an event in 
Dallas on Thursday, representatives of the agencies said they--in tandem 
with officials from Australia, Canada and Japan--had sent letters to 
operators of over 1,000 e-mail servers around the globe warning that an 
open relay "creates problems for consumers worldwide, for law enforcement 
and for your organization".

"Until a few years ago, nearly all Internet mail servers were open relays. 
That practice offered some benefits, such as making it much easier to send 
e-mail when traveling or when plugging in a laptop on someone else's network."

"Most antispam activists believe that shutting down or blacklisting open 
relays must be a top priority. Critics like Internet pioneer and Electronic 
Frontier Foundation co-founder John Gilmore have argued, however, that the 
costs of prohibiting open relays outweighs the benefits and could 
precipitate other restrictions from Internet providers. "

"Groman, the FTC staff attorney, said the agencies were undertaking an 
educational campaign--but nothing more--directed at people running open 
relays. "It's not illegal to run an open relay," he said. "
--------snip------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R - What people say
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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 18:14:07 -0400 (EDT)




On Thu, 15 May 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> 
> What is the real goal a C/R system?  I thought it had something to do
> with reducing "spam."  How does spam differ from any other bulk mail
> except in whether it is solicited?
> 
> As I've pointed out, a substantal amount of the unsolicited bulk
> mail in my traps has headers just like mail from other "lists"
> including this one.
> 
> If a C/R system only stops spam from transient, "hit-and-run" systems
> that do not stand still long enough to receive and answer a challenge,
> it won't be very impressive.
> 

I was hoping someone would bring this up. I didn't because it seemed like
I was missing something. Did I also miss the discussion of how two C/R
systems would interact if both sender and receiver have them? This must
have come up in real life - do the users of these systems have experience
to relate? 

I would have thought the role of standardization in the C/R system would
not be to standardize the challenge, which needs to be non-standardized so
that automated systems can't respond effectively, but rather to provide an
effective route around the C/R system for legitimate lists. 

For example, if a program running on the user's machine could handle the
subscription request, and simultaneously put the necessary information
about the list in the user's own whitelist, that would be helpfull.
Standardization would be usefull to allow a single program on the user's
machine to interact with many different list processors. I imagine a
program that would be called by the browser when the user visited a
list-subscribe web page that would send the list the user's email address,
and obtain and store the list name and IP address from which that list
will be sent. There should also be a way for the sending IP to be changed
with limited or no user intervention.

I note that a secure Java applet can't be asked to write in the whitelist
file (that wouldn't be secure) so that the program imagined here would
have to be part of the user's computer before the list-subscription page
was visited. The IP address of the sending machine is used so that a
spammer can't just adopt the name of a popular list and hide behind it.
There must be many other ways to accomplish that, though.



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Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R - What people say
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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 18:52:15 -0400

At 02:59 PM 5/15/2003 -0600, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> > From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
>
> > ...
> > >ok..well should we try to identify those methods, or should we just say
> > >"don't challenge lists"?
> >
> > If an automated protocol for C/R is in place, why shouldn't we challenge
> > lists? If the list software supports the protocol, it will response to the
> > challenge automatically. ...
>
>Is that a joke?   I guess not.
>
>What is the real goal a C/R system?  I thought it had something to do
>with reducing "spam."  How does spam differ from any other bulk mail
>except in whether it is solicited?

Actually its not a joke. As outlined in the Eric's C/R draft:

"This document proposes the use of MIME experimental content-type values 
for automated C/R control at either the server or client software 
level.  In addition, this document proposes a C/R method that requires user 
manual intervention with existing mail systems and clients that may not be 
compatible with automated C/R methods."

There are two separate things here - an automated protocol and some 
guidelines. The primary intent of C/R is to make sure that email comes from 
a valid email address. As pointed out prior on the list 
(https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg04700.html):

 >>"What is the intent of a C/R system? Is it merely to double-check the 
sender's email address to make sure it is working and valid, or >>is it 
also to make sure that the sender is a human being and not a computer? If 
it is only the first, that we are trying to make sure >>that the sender has 
a valid email address, then it might make sense to develop an automated C/R 
protocol that can be used by email >>clients and senders' MTAs to reply to 
the challenge. This will take care of issues like dealing with lists, 
automated bots and >>anonymous remailers - the list server will simply 
reply to the response via this automated protocol. It will also hide the 
C/R process >>from users. The obvious flaw is that the spammer will use it 
too - but they will have to use a valid email address to do it, or own 
their >>own MTA and domain (which is not a problem since we already see 
spammers owning name servers). However, if the intent of C/R >>systems is 
to make sure that the sender is human, than it essentially must perform a 
Turing test. Current techniques include using >>specially coded graphic 
images, etc."

Making Turing tests would be highly impractical. Even now, TDMA and 
MailCircuit systems do not use them, instead a simple reply to any 
challenge message will verify the sender. However, in the last two years 
according to MailCircuit only 4 spammers did so.

Yakov

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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 19:48:50 -0400

At 06:14 PM 5/15/2003 -0400, Daniel Feenberg wrote:

>On Thu, 15 May 2003, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>
> >
> > What is the real goal a C/R system?  I thought it had something to do
> > with reducing "spam."  How does spam differ from any other bulk mail
> > except in whether it is solicited?
> >
> > As I've pointed out, a substantal amount of the unsolicited bulk
> > mail in my traps has headers just like mail from other "lists"
> > including this one.
> >
> > If a C/R system only stops spam from transient, "hit-and-run" systems
> > that do not stand still long enough to receive and answer a challenge,
> > it won't be very impressive.
> >
>
>I was hoping someone would bring this up. I didn't because it seemed like
>I was missing something. Did I also miss the discussion of how two C/R
>systems would interact if both sender and receiver have them? This must
>have come up in real life - do the users of these systems have experience
>to relate?
>
>I would have thought the role of standardization in the C/R system would
>not be to standardize the challenge, which needs to be non-standardized so
>that automated systems can't respond effectively, but rather to provide an
>effective route around the C/R system for legitimate lists.

At this point, as outlined, Eric is proposing an automated protocol for C/R 
not for internal use but for actually responding to challenges 
automatically. As I mentioned before, we need to better define the goals of 
C/R. Is is to make sure that senders are legit, or is it going to an extra 
level to making sure the sender is human (essentially creating a Turing 
Test). As for having spammers set up automatic responders, see TDMA FAQ, 
section 1.1 (http://tmda.net/faq.cgi?req=all):

------snip--------
"1.1. Can't spammers just setup an auto-responder to defeat TMDA? *

In theory yes, but in practice this is not likely to happen. Most SPAM is 
unrepliable, so TMDA's confirmation requests are never delivered to them. 
They use non-valid return addresses as to not incur the cost of the 
tremendous number of bounces they generate. Using a valid return address to 
process all the bounces looking for confirmation messages to auto-reply to 
would defeat their economies of scale. It would also make them easy to 
block, track down and report, sue, etc. In short, trying to thwart TMDA in 
this manner would defeat the cost-effectiveness of the bulk-mailing 
process. Simple economics keep us safe.

But should these facts change, TMDA could modify its (currently very 
simple) challenge/response to make it more difficult for a computer to 
auto-reply to. The level of difficulty could increase as much as is 
necessary for the sender to prove their humanity and legitimacy.

The idea is to keep the challenge/response as simple as possible to avoid 
inconveniencing legitimate senders, while at the same time difficult enough 
to thwart an automated response system. At the present time, TMDA offers 
the ability to confirm by a simple e-mail reply, or by clicking on a URL. 
There is no evidence to suggest that a more challenging procedure is even 
close to necessary.

If spammers do resort to auto-confirmation however, we've won a huge battle 
for the community by raising the bar and forcing them to leave a breadcrumb 
trail leading back to their lair. As the focus on legislation continues, 
and spamming becomes an increasingly illegal activity, who will take these 
great risks for such a little reward? "
-----snip--------

Perhaps the primary purpose of C/R should be counteracting the basic flaw 
in SMTP that allows anyone to send email without verifying who the sender 
is? Or perhaps not? Disabling the ability for automated systems to be able 
to send email is something we might not want to do. There are also various 
other issues, such as the ones raised in section 7.1 of RFC 2821 which as 
we mentioned apply to mailing lists.

Yakov 

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On Tuesday, May 13, 2003, at 22:52 US/Eastern, Eric Dean wrote:
>> What is the procedure to "exempt" challenges?
>
> Just simply look for the Sender header..if it's present then we don't 
> send a challenge...the user must verify the sender.

Well, I guess on the plus side, that means I'll never get stupid 
challenge spam from your system...


mathew

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On Wednesday, May 14, 2003, at 23:59 US/Eastern, Tom Bartel wrote:
> I am an email packrat (I suspect there are others like me) and one of 
> my
> webmail accounts currently has 1347 messages totaling 36.9MB in storage
> space.  The messages go back several months.

Hmm. My e-mail is 123MB, but the online folders are only 6MB. However, 
3MB of that is filtered spam from the last 3 days.

> I'm not sure how the inclusion of graphics increases the storage size 
> of
> mail.  It seems many spam messages now commonly use images to display
> the "text" portion of their message, but the images are references to
> external servers with fully qualified links.  Unless spammers are
> encoding and embedding graphics in the message using multipart/related
> MIME, I don't think HTML email adds to storage size.  It may infact
> reduce storage size.

Graphics used to be included from referenced external servers, but (a) 
that was too easy to filter and (b) the web sites got closed down too 
quickly, making most of the sent spam retrospectively useless. So now a 
lot of spammers send images embedded.

Then there's all the Windoze virus spam...


mathew

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On Thursday, May 15, 2003, at 16:59 US/Eastern, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> As I've pointed out, a substantal amount of the unsolicited bulk
> mail in my traps has headers just like mail from other "lists"
> including this one.

Indeed, mailing lists run by idiots are a major source of spam. I've 
lost count of the number of times I've been subscribed to a mailing 
list without asking, often a mailing list I've never even heard of. I 
get subscribed to lists that anyone who knows me would *instantly* know 
I would never be interested in. (Most recent example: Christian 
bookstore.)

Some people have even been stupid enough to subscribe me to discussion 
lists without asking me. I try to make sure they regret it.


mathew

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On Thursday, May 15, 2003, at 17:59 US/Eastern, Yakov Shafranovich 
quoted:
> "The results show that fewer than 1% of mail servers that are named in 
> mail addresses allowed relaying in August 2002, a very sharp reduction 
> from over 6% from a year and a half earlier. In the same 18 months, 
> the amount of spam a typical Internet users receives has gone up 
> significantly. This shows that the amount of spam is not related to 
> the number of open relays available."

I'd like to buck the trend for this list and admit my ignorance: if 
open relays have gone down in number but spam has increased hugely, how 
is spam now being sent, statistically speaking?  Illegal hacking of 
buggy OSs?  Or are the remaining open relays just taking more and more 
traffic?


mathew

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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 22:49:16 -0400

At 09:38 PM 5/15/2003 -0400, you wrote:

>On Thursday, May 15, 2003, at 17:59 US/Eastern, Yakov Shafranovich quoted:
>>"The results show that fewer than 1% of mail servers that are named in 
>>mail addresses allowed relaying in August 2002, a very sharp reduction 
>>from over 6% from a year and a half earlier. In the same 18 months, the 
>>amount of spam a typical Internet users receives has gone up 
>>significantly. This shows that the amount of spam is not related to the 
>>number of open relays available."
>
>I'd like to buck the trend for this list and admit my ignorance: if open 
>relays have gone down in number but spam has increased hugely, how is spam 
>now being sent, statistically speaking?  Illegal hacking of buggy OSs?  Or 
>are the remaining open relays just taking more and more traffic?

I believe Barry (from The World ISP) has mentioned that most spam now is 
either being sent via off-shore servers and hacked/virus-infected machines.

Yakov 

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Date: Thu, 15 May 2003 22:04:07 -0700

On Thu, May 15, 2003 at 10:49:16PM -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> At 09:38 PM 5/15/2003 -0400, you wrote:
> 
> >On Thursday, May 15, 2003, at 17:59 US/Eastern, Yakov Shafranovich quoted:
> >>"The results show that fewer than 1% of mail servers that are named in 
> >>mail addresses allowed relaying in August 2002, a very sharp reduction 
> >>from over 6% from a year and a half earlier. In the same 18 months, the 
> >>amount of spam a typical Internet users receives has gone up 
> >>significantly. This shows that the amount of spam is not related to the 
> >>number of open relays available."
> >
> >I'd like to buck the trend for this list and admit my ignorance: if open 
> >relays have gone down in number but spam has increased hugely, how is spam 
> >now being sent, statistically speaking?  Illegal hacking of buggy OSs?  Or 
> >are the remaining open relays just taking more and more traffic?
> 
> I believe Barry (from The World ISP) has mentioned that most spam now is 
> either being sent via off-shore servers and hacked/virus-infected machines.

That's not what I'm seeing. I'd say that there was a lot coming from
normal legitimate servers - sometimes offshore, sometimes in the US -
a lot coming via open proxies, a fair few through open relays, some
being sent through scripted freemail webmail, a few coming from compromised
machines and a few from end-user accounts.

Of the open proxies... some of the proxies are trojans, some are
installed by the machine owner.

Note that the FTC announced action against both open relays and open
proxies, if I recall the announcement correctly.

Cheers,
  Steve

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] News Article - FTC targeting open relays
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Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 01:44:09 -0400

At 10:04 PM 5/15/2003 -0700, Steve Atkins wrote:

>On Thu, May 15, 2003 at 10:49:16PM -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > At 09:38 PM 5/15/2003 -0400, you wrote:
> >
> > >On Thursday, May 15, 2003, at 17:59 US/Eastern, Yakov Shafranovich quoted:
> > >>"The results show that fewer than 1% of mail servers that are named in
> > >>mail addresses allowed relaying in August 2002, a very sharp reduction
> > >>from over 6% from a year and a half earlier. In the same 18 months, the
> > >>amount of spam a typical Internet users receives has gone up
> > >>significantly. This shows that the amount of spam is not related to the
> > >>number of open relays available."
> > >
> > >I'd like to buck the trend for this list and admit my ignorance: if open
> > >relays have gone down in number but spam has increased hugely, how is 
> spam
> > >now being sent, statistically speaking?  Illegal hacking of buggy 
> OSs?  Or
> > >are the remaining open relays just taking more and more traffic?
> >
> > I believe Barry (from The World ISP) has mentioned that most spam now is
> > either being sent via off-shore servers and hacked/virus-infected machines.
>
>That's not what I'm seeing. I'd say that there was a lot coming from
>normal legitimate servers - sometimes offshore, sometimes in the US -
>a lot coming via open proxies, a fair few through open relays, some
>being sent through scripted freemail webmail, a few coming from compromised
>machines and a few from end-user accounts.
>
>Of the open proxies... some of the proxies are trojans, some are
>installed by the machine owner.
>
>Note that the FTC announced action against both open relays and open
>proxies, if I recall the announcement correctly.
>
>Cheers,
>   Steve

Perhaps, others on the list can provide us with some numbers and more 
information on sources of spam?

Yakov 

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] News Article - FTC targeting open relays
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> 
> Perhaps, others on the list can provide us with some numbers and more 
> information on sources of spam?
> 


Well, just an anecdote - proxies seem to be the major source of *our* spam
nowadays. I gather
( from http://www.sdsc.edu/~jeff/spam/cbc.html )
that proxies are outnumbering relays by almost 3:1 on blocking lists.







--
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> > >
> > > Perhaps we should check if the original's sender's domain
> > > actually exists,
> > > before sending the message? Also, if that happens do we drop
> the message
> > > automatically?
> >
> >Many mail systems do this today.  There are all sorts of RFC
> checks..we need
> >not focus there.
>
> Perhaps just mention or reference the relevant documents here?

Both sendmail and postfix support as well as qmail

Here's something for postfix:
http://www.postfix.org/uce.html#smtpd_sender_restrictions


> >URI is probably not the best name..and I don't care about the format...it
> >should just be long and unguessable.  In practice, many people encode all
> >sorts of things in their URI..so we shouldn't restrcit
>
> I would be more comfortable with naming it an "token" not "URI".

so, let it be written...

I was thinking URI because the HTTP response would probably reference the
same token..but there is no reason to make that a requirement


>

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] News Article - FTC targeting open relays
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Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 09:17:08 -0700

On Fri, May 16, 2003 at 08:02:41AM -0700, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> I just thought I would clear up a statement that appeared in the confessions
> article.
> 
> This said that the spam sender was sending his spam first through an open
> proxy and then through an open relay. As if he was somehow routing the
> message through the open proxy. It sounded to me that the journalist had
> just got confused. 

That sounds right to me. Most open proxies will happily proxy port 25,
and not bother logging where they got the connection from. They're either
used directly, through an open relay or through a local smarthost.

> The way I am hearing open proxy used it is to indicate web form mail. Is
> anyone seeing it used in any other way?

I've not seen them used in that way for spam at all.

Cheers,
  Steve
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R - What people say
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On Thursday, May 15, 2003 7:49 PM, Yakov Shafranovich 
[SMTP:research@solidmatrix.com] wrote:
8<...>8
> ... As I mentioned before, we need to better define the goals of
> C/R. Is is to make sure that senders are legit, or is it going to an extra
> level to making sure the sender is human (essentially creating a Turing
> Test). As for having spammers set up automatic responders, see TDMA FAQ,
> section 1.1 (http://tmda.net/faq.cgi?req=all):
>
> ------snip--------
> "1.1. Can't spammers just setup an auto-responder to defeat TMDA? *
>
> In theory yes, but in practice this is not likely to happen. Most SPAM is
> unrepliable, so TMDA's confirmation requests are never delivered to them.
> They use non-valid return addresses as to not incur the cost of the
> tremendous number of bounces they generate. Using a valid return address to
> process all the bounces looking for confirmation messages to auto-reply to
> would defeat their economies of scale. It would also make them easy to
> block, track down and report, sue, etc. In short, trying to thwart TMDA in
> this manner would defeat the cost-effectiveness of the bulk-mailing
> process. Simple economics keep us safe.

This para. is interesting.  It proposes some significant properties of SPAM. 
 Is this information verifiable?  Was a study done to determine it's validity 
empirically, or is it anecdotal?  It does, at first glance, appear valid but I 
would be interested in validating the study used to garner this information 
before preceding on its base arguments.  Are there references in the document?

-e



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Subject: RE: [Asrg] News Article - FTC targeting open relays
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Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 17:09:36 -0400

Hey Steve,

Can you provide a little more information about your observations? For
example, what is the source of this data? What percentage comes from each
source? Over what timeframe was this data observed? How do you determine if
a proxy is on a trojan or installed by the machine's owner?

Thanks

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Steve Atkins [mailto:steve@blighty.com] 
> 
> That's not what I'm seeing. I'd say that there was a lot 
> coming from normal legitimate servers - sometimes offshore, 
> sometimes in the US - a lot coming via open proxies, a fair 
> few through open relays, some being sent through scripted 
> freemail webmail, a few coming from compromised machines and 
> a few from end-user accounts.
> 
> Of the open proxies... some of the proxies are trojans, some 
> are installed by the machine owner.
> 
> Note that the FTC announced action against both open relays 
> and open proxies, if I recall the announcement correctly.
> 
> Cheers,
>   Steve
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 17:22:55 -0400

At 11:58 AM 5/16/2003 -0400, Eric D. Williams wrote:

>On Thursday, May 15, 2003 7:49 PM, Yakov Shafranovich
>[SMTP:research@solidmatrix.com] wrote:
>8<...>8
> > ... As I mentioned before, we need to better define the goals of
> > C/R. Is is to make sure that senders are legit, or is it going to an extra
> > level to making sure the sender is human (essentially creating a Turing
> > Test). As for having spammers set up automatic responders, see TDMA FAQ,
> > section 1.1 (http://tmda.net/faq.cgi?req=all):
> >
> > ------snip--------
> > "1.1. Can't spammers just setup an auto-responder to defeat TMDA? *
> >
> > In theory yes, but in practice this is not likely to happen. Most SPAM is
> > unrepliable, so TMDA's confirmation requests are never delivered to them.
> > They use non-valid return addresses as to not incur the cost of the
> > tremendous number of bounces they generate. Using a valid return address to
> > process all the bounces looking for confirmation messages to auto-reply to
> > would defeat their economies of scale. It would also make them easy to
> > block, track down and report, sue, etc. In short, trying to thwart TMDA in
> > this manner would defeat the cost-effectiveness of the bulk-mailing
> > process. Simple economics keep us safe.
>
>This para. is interesting.  It proposes some significant properties of SPAM.
>  Is this information verifiable?  Was a study done to determine it's 
> validity
>empirically, or is it anecdotal?  It does, at first glance, appear valid 
>but I
>would be interested in validating the study used to garner this information
>before preceding on its base arguments.  Are there references in the document?
>
>-e

Take a look, perhaps someone should contact the TDMA people and ask for 
their sources. 

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On May 15, 2003 at 22:49 research@solidmatrix.com (Yakov Shafranovich) wrote:
 > I believe Barry (from The World ISP) has mentioned that most spam now is 
 > either being sent via off-shore servers and hacked/virus-infected machines.

I don't know that I'd say "most" because I don't have the data, but I
wouldn't be surprised. Either that or there's some other explanation
why so much of it comes in from thousands (at any given time) of
different DSL and Cable broadband hosts.

On that note here's another relevant article:


      http://www.upi.com/view.cfm?StoryID=20030516-012205-6003r

      Internet fraud initiative nets 130 arrests 

      WASHINGTON, May 16 (UPI) -- A nationwide initiative against Internet
      fraud and abuse has resulted in more than 130 arrests and the seizure
      of $17 million since January, the Justice Department said Friday.

             ...


I'd imagine the overlap with spammers is rather high. If you read the
articles one finds many familiar topics; russian brides, work-at-home,
envelope stuffing, etc.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R - What people say
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I find it a bit too hand-wavy.  It would take me about 30 minutes to produce
a script to automate C/R..but I would have to use a valid email
address...and there are additional ways to thwart the process as serach
engines use for URL submission..if you don't know what I'm talking
about..submit your site to Lycos or AltaVista

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Eric D. Williams [mailto:eric@infobro.com]
> Sent: Friday, May 16, 2003 11:59 AM
> To: 'Yakov Shafranovich'; asrg@ietf.org; Eric Dean
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R - What people say
>
>
>
>
> On Thursday, May 15, 2003 7:49 PM, Yakov Shafranovich
> [SMTP:research@solidmatrix.com] wrote:
> 8<...>8
> > ... As I mentioned before, we need to better define the goals of
> > C/R. Is is to make sure that senders are legit, or is it going
> to an extra
> > level to making sure the sender is human (essentially creating a Turing
> > Test). As for having spammers set up automatic responders, see TDMA FAQ,
> > section 1.1 (http://tmda.net/faq.cgi?req=all):
> >
> > ------snip--------
> > "1.1. Can't spammers just setup an auto-responder to defeat TMDA? *
> >
> > In theory yes, but in practice this is not likely to happen.
> Most SPAM is
> > unrepliable, so TMDA's confirmation requests are never
> delivered to them.
> > They use non-valid return addresses as to not incur the cost of the
> > tremendous number of bounces they generate. Using a valid
> return address to
> > process all the bounces looking for confirmation messages to
> auto-reply to
> > would defeat their economies of scale. It would also make them easy to
> > block, track down and report, sue, etc. In short, trying to
> thwart TMDA in
> > this manner would defeat the cost-effectiveness of the bulk-mailing
> > process. Simple economics keep us safe.
>
> This para. is interesting.  It proposes some significant
> properties of SPAM.
>  Is this information verifiable?  Was a study done to determine
> it's validity
> empirically, or is it anecdotal?  It does, at first glance,
> appear valid but I
> would be interested in validating the study used to garner this
> information
> before preceding on its base arguments.  Are there references in
> the document?
>
> -e
>
>
>
>

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may be proxy port 25 and RCPT TO: 
@mail2.openrelay.com:spam-recipient@spammed.com?

-e

On Friday, May 16, 2003 12:17 PM, Steve Atkins [SMTP:steve@blighty.com] wrote:
> On Fri, May 16, 2003 at 08:02:41AM -0700, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:
> > I just thought I would clear up a statement that appeared in the
> > confessions
> > article.
> >
> > This said that the spam sender was sending his spam first through an open
> > proxy and then through an open relay. As if he was somehow routing the
> > message through the open proxy. It sounded to me that the journalist had
> > just got confused.
>
> That sounds right to me. Most open proxies will happily proxy port 25,
> and not bother logging where they got the connection from. They're either
> used directly, through an open relay or through a local smarthost.
>
> > The way I am hearing open proxy used it is to indicate web form mail. Is
> > anyone seeing it used in any other way?
>
> I've not seen them used in that way for spam at all.
>
> Cheers,
>   Steve
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com] 
> Sent: Friday, May 16, 2003 5:23 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R - What people say
> 
> Take a look, perhaps someone should contact the TDMA people 
> and ask for 
> their sources. 
> 


I just sent an email to the author of TDMA. Any other C/R companies on the
list? Is so, please respond to the list or to me privately. 

If they are not yet among us, I will get in touch with them also.
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On Fri, May 16, 2003 at 05:09:36PM -0400, Paul Judge wrote:
> Hey Steve,
> 
> Can you provide a little more information about your observations? For
> example, what is the source of this data?

Various sources, ranging from my own (completely unfiltered) mailbox,
spamtrap feeds through to data analysis done for a number of our
clients.

> What percentage comes from each source?

Couldn't tell you - that's not data I was (or am) interested in
gathering. This is a rough ranking of the relative proportions of
different sources of spam I've observed, not an exact count.

> Over what timeframe was this data observed? 

Recently, say the last three months.

> How do you determine if
> a proxy is on a trojan or installed by the machine's owner?

There are a number of ways, some of which I won't mention on a public
list. Two of the more obvious ways to spot trojans are proxies
listening on non-standard ports and forensic analysis of the
compromised machines. Trojans and compromise machines are definitely
in the minority - there are easier ways to send spam right now.

Cheers,
  Steve

> Thanks
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Steve Atkins [mailto:steve@blighty.com] 
> > 
> > That's not what I'm seeing. I'd say that there was a lot 
> > coming from normal legitimate servers - sometimes offshore, 
> > sometimes in the US - a lot coming via open proxies, a fair 
> > few through open relays, some being sent through scripted 
> > freemail webmail, a few coming from compromised machines and 
> > a few from end-user accounts.
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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
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Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 20:07:10 -0400

At 7:02 PM -0400 5/11/03, Eric Dean wrote:
>-Subject header: Should the original subject header be preserved or a new
>subject header be sent.  C/R systems might avoid C/R loops using a
>convention.

Having recently tried to communicate with a customer who is using 
SpamArrest, I have a strong opinion there.  You *must* preserve the 
subject.  SpamArrest almost gets it right.

1. Customer sends mail to our support staff.
2. Our support system replies, with a ticket in the subject.
3. SpamArrest replies with the ticket in the subject.
4. The SpamArrest message gets properly placed in the correct support queue.
5. Support person clicks on link.
6. Customer gets our auto-reply.
[Here's where they blow it]
7. SpamArrest sends a confirmation message telling us that the 
message got through.  It doesn't have the same subject.  It doesn't 
even have any information in the body telling us *which* message go 
through.  (Frankly, this "confirmation" message looks a lot more like 
an Ad to me than anything else.  There was no need for it--I got the 
same information when I clicked on their web site.)
8. We create a new ticket and send an auto-reply.  *This* one goes to 
SpamArrest's support, since that was the from address.
9. SpamArrest support sends us a challenge.
10. The challenge goes into the new queue.
11. Our support person clicks on the link to validate the message.
12. SpamArrest support gets our message.
13. Our support person sends them a nasty-gram :-).

Needless to say, this increases the cost of our customer support.

 From it, I get the following feelings.

1. C/R systems should preserve subjects through the process.  They 
can add to them if they want, but the original should be there.
2. C/R systems need to have a standard way of identifying themselves 
as such.  This avoids loops, and it let's us shunt them into an 
appropriate handling queue.
3. As I've said before--any system that requires you to do something 
other than just reply (e.g. read a graphic) needs to meet 
accessibility standards.
4. If you have a web based confirmation system, you should also have 
an email-based one.  The fact that I can send you email does not mean 
that I can access your web site.  (Think China, think road-warrier, 
think third world.)
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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To: mathew <meta@pobox.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Removing the incentive to spam
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Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 20:15:40 -0400

At 9:26 PM -0400 5/15/03, mathew wrote:
>Graphics used to be included from referenced external servers, but 
>(a) that was too easy to filter and (b) the web sites got closed 
>down too quickly, making most of the sent spam retrospectively 
>useless. So now a lot of spammers send images embedded.

I suspect we'll see legitimate mailers sending more included graphics 
soon as well.  MSN and Hotmail are both providing (or about to) 
provide filters to turn off automatic inclusion of external graphics. 
And the next Outlook is supposedly shipping with the option off by 
default.  None of that bodes well for content-filters.

P.S. As for mailbox size.  Mine is just short of 1GB--not including 
attachments.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Removing the incentive to spam
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Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 19:33:07 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> ...
> I suspect we'll see legitimate mailers sending more included graphics 
> soon as well.  MSN and Hotmail are both providing (or about to) 
> provide filters to turn off automatic inclusion of external graphics. 
> And the next Outlook is supposedly shipping with the option off by 
> default.  None of that bodes well for content-filters.
> ...

That does not follow on two counts.

There's no law that says that "content-filters" can't recognize
identical pictures.  Spam pictures are likely to vary less than spam
URLs pointing to pictures.  That's not to say that spam pictures won't
vary, but that the easiest variations in URLs such as %-encoding and
user:password@ are lost if you send the picture instead of a pointer
to the picture.

Such changes will cause fewer total graphics in all mail, if you count
URLs pointing to pictures as "graphics," as I think you must.  Some
people who now include completely unneeded pictures, logos, icons,
and so forth will think twice when their mail bloats by 50 or 500
KBytes.  Note that I wrote "some people" instead of "everyone." Many
people won't notice or understand, at least not a first.  If at first
there are significantly more graphics, outfits like MSN and Hotmail
will have bloating disk space reasons figure out how to let their
users know.  For example, they might make the "Size" indications in
folders harder to ignore, or they might expire big messages sooner.

Of course, this is all speculation until not only do MSN and Hotmail
provide those filters, but many people use them. 

Note also that a filter that turns off included graphics is as easy as
a filter that turns off external graphics.

The biggest thing MSN, AOL, and Hotmail could do against spam is turn
off HTML by default.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 20:44:36 -0400

I confess I've been playing catch-up, so I may have missed this 
(although I'll put in a plug here for Eudora 6 Beta's ability to 
present a summary of a conversation with all the quoted text 
elided--incredibly useful).

I've seen two issues going by on C/R.  One is where the response goes 
(normal email reply, or delivery notification reply).  And the other 
is dealing with mailing lists.

My gut says that C/R is a delivery notification.  But the problem is 
more complicated.

I'm not so worried about mailing lists.  What worries me is what 
happens when Amazon sends me an out-of-stock notice and I send a C/R 
to the envelope from.  What are the odds that it's going to be 
treated as a bounce, and I get taken off their list?

Commercial "transactional" email worries me more than mailing lists. 
It's not just that the mail's more critical, but updating it to some 
new standard is harder.  Those systems are largely homegrown, whereas 
lists tend to use standard software and/or services.  Lists are 
easier to change to a new standard.

Thoughts?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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Date: Sat, 17 May 2003 00:41:09 -0400

At 5:31 PM -0400 5/16/03, Barry Shein wrote:
>On May 15, 2003 at 22:49 research@solidmatrix.com (Yakov Shafranovich) wrote:
>  > I believe Barry (from The World ISP) has mentioned that most spam now is
>  > either being sent via off-shore servers and hacked/virus-infected machines.
>
>I don't know that I'd say "most" because I don't have the data, but I
>wouldn't be surprised. Either that or there's some other explanation

Looking at a sample of 100,000 relatively recent pieces of spam, 39% 
came through servers outside of the U.S..
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 08:02:41 -0700

I just thought I would clear up a statement that appeared in the confessions
article.

This said that the spam sender was sending his spam first through an open
proxy and then through an open relay. As if he was somehow routing the
message through the open proxy. It sounded to me that the journalist had
just got confused. 

The way I am hearing open proxy used it is to indicate web form mail. Is
anyone seeing it used in any other way?

		Phill
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Date: Sat, 17 May 2003 07:48:07 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> ...
> The way I am hearing open proxy used it is to indicate web form mail. Is
> anyone seeing it used in any other way?

As Steve Atkins said, "open proxy" does not refer to the abuse of
"web forms." See http://www.google.com/search?q=%22open+proxy%22+spam
or http://www.google.com/search?q=%22open+proxy%22+spam+pc including
http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/pubs/buspubs/openrelay.htm and
http://news.zdnet.co.uk/story/0,,t269-s2122679,00.html

"Formail" is the common tag for the abuse of "web forms," "CGI scripts,"
or programs intended to collect comments via web pages.  The comments
are collected with an ordinary HTTP form and then mailed to the owner
of the web page by the script or program.  "Fromail" comes from the
name of a popular and badly designed and written implementation of
the idea that lets a savvy web user tell the script to send the comments
to an arbitrary mail address.

In spam circles, the phrase "open proxy" refers to a SOCKS, HTTP, or
other TCP "proxy" or form of ALG or application level gateway, by
analogy to "open SMTP relay" or "open relay."  Such proxies accept
TCP connections from clients, and then based on some chatter, open a
second TCP connection to a second TCP server.  After opening the second
connection, the proxy translucently gateways bits between the client
and the second server.  Depending of the protocol being "proxied" or
of the second TCP server, the proxy must modify some of the bits.
For example, IP addresses in FTP commands must be changed.  Ten years
ago, SOCKS proxies (see RFC 1928) became popular for allowing hosts
inside a firewall on corporate networks to reach hosts outside on the
Internet.  The proxy software usually runs on a firewall or other
system visible to both the Internet and its clients.

When the proxy is properly implemented and configured, the proxy honors
requests from only authorized clients.  Authorization is commonly
determined by the IP address of the client, but can involve passwords
and so forth.  When the proxy answers arbitrary clients, it is "open."

Many SOCKS proxies are not properly implemented and configured.  Worse,
there is some sort of freeware proxy for PCs that is reportedly
configured by default as an open proxy.  The provider of this software
has refused to change the defaults.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Sat, 17 May 2003 09:39:48 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> ...
> I'm not so worried about mailing lists.  What worries me is what 
> happens when Amazon sends me an out-of-stock notice and I send a C/R 
> to the envelope from.  What are the odds that it's going to be 
> treated as a bounce, and I get taken off their list?

From what list would Amazon remove your address?  Why would they do
anything but ignore an apparent bounce or an SMTP rejection status
for an out-of-stock, shipping, or other routine transaction notice?

On the other hand, if mailing list software recognizes a challenge at
all, you must expect it to be treated like a non-delivery notice.
There are too many idiosyncratic, "nationalized," customized, and
"improved" forms of bounces for mailing list software to do anything
else for the foreseeable future.


> Commercial "transactional" email worries me more than mailing lists. 
> It's not just that the mail's more critical, but updating it to some 
> new standard is harder.  Those systems are largely homegrown, whereas 
> lists tend to use standard software and/or services.  Lists are 
> easier to change to a new standard.

I think that's backwards.  Those largely homegrown transactional
systems have paid tenders who continually maintain it.  While mailing
list software is usually installed by people who barely (if at all)
read the manual and forgotten.  You might change next versions of the
most 3 most common mailing list packages, but that won't get them
installed.  Even people who read the manuals are reluctant to touch
working software.

For example, I'm using version 2.0.5 of Mailman.  It is distinctly
older than the current 2.0 version, not to mention the current 2.1
version.  (See http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mailman/ ) I'm reluctant to
switch to because I'd lose or have to port some of the tweaks I've
made, and because I'd have to worry about new problems.  Before worrying
about Mailman, I should deal with a bunch of other things.  I'm probably
unusual because I not only read the documentation, but spent time
trying to understand some of the code and even checked some of the
release notices of new versions to see if I'm wrong.  Most users of
Mailman probably have no idea how many new releases they've ignored.
Like me, but unlike those transactional system tenders, they have more
urgent business.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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References: <p06001256baeb2e8dec9f@[192.168.1.104]>
 <200305170133.h4H1X7qv009117@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Removing the incentive to spam
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sat, 17 May 2003 02:42:41 -0400

At 7:33 PM -0600 5/16/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>  > I suspect we'll see legitimate mailers sending more included graphics
>>  soon as well.  MSN and Hotmail are both providing (or about to)
>>  provide filters to turn off automatic inclusion of external graphics.
>>  And the next Outlook is supposedly shipping with the option off by
>>  default.  None of that bodes well for content-filters.
>>  ...
>
>That does not follow on two counts.
>
>There's no law that says that "content-filters" can't recognize
>identical pictures.  Spam pictures are likely to vary less than spam

When I say "content-filtering" I'm talking about the stuff that 
happens on a solo desktop that may or may not be connected to the 
internet.  Any type of checksum comparison involves a centralized 
service.  I would normally put that in a different category.  (Time 
for me to go reread the last taxonomy of solutions document.) You're 
right.  That type of filtering may do well with  pictures.  Of course 
you may have to deal with random fuzz there too....

>Such changes will cause fewer total graphics in all mail, if you count
>URLs pointing to pictures as "graphics," as I think you must.  Some

I don't.  Because the conversation was about the size of email on the 
mail server.

>The biggest thing MSN, AOL, and Hotmail could do against spam is turn
>off HTML by default.

Turning off email completely would work as well.  Outside of the 
technical community almost all the email I see is HTML.  I don't 
think it's going to happen--whether or not it should.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200305171637.h4HGbYvG017479@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Removing the incentive to spam
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Date: Sat, 17 May 2003 10:37:34 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> ...
> >The biggest thing MSN, AOL, and Hotmail could do against spam is turn
> >off HTML by default.
>
> Turning off email completely would work as well.  Outside of the 
> technical community almost all the email I see is HTML.  I don't 
> think it's going to happen--whether or not it should.

Yes, but if AOL/Netscape and Microsoft would simply switch to a reasonable
default, the HTML mail problem would be fixed.  They could still send
HTML when the sending user asked for any sort of formatting that actually
requires some sort of mark-up language.  That would eliminate almost
all legitimate HTML mail within a single AOL/Microsoft update cycle,
and that would let many users turn off incoming HTML mail.

Of course, there is as much chance of that as Microsoft fixing the
years old bug that will cause some people to think that this messages
ends before it really does.
See http://www.google.com/search?q=microsoft+begin+uuencode

begin  but
You should read WORKAROUND" in  http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=265230 
because you shouldn't believe me if I quoted it:

    To workaround this problem: 

      Do not start messages with the word "begin" followed by two spaces.
      Use only one space between the word "begin" and the following data.
      Capitalize the word "begin" so that it is reads "Begin."
      Use a different word such as "start" or "commence.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] C/R Framework
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 02:04:14 -0400

At 9:39 AM -0600 5/17/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>From what list would Amazon remove your address?  Why would they do
>anything but ignore an apparent bounce or an SMTP rejection status
>for an out-of-stock, shipping, or other routine transaction notice?

I would hope that after some number of bounces a vendor would stop 
sending email to that account, and at the very least, flag it for 
attention of the user the next time they log in.  In an ideal world 
they'd send periodic confirmation requests--but they don't.

Does anyone have any facts there?  I know that some sites ignore 
them--I can offer easy proof of that in my bounce lists.  But is that 
standard practice?  Can any of the C/R folks give their experiences?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 03:34:14 -0400

Vernon has regularly made the claim that a significant proportion of 
spam messages have valid MAIL FROM's.  That means that bounces will 
go the the spammer.  This has significant ramifications for C/R 
systems (especially auto-respond ones) since it means that should 
they have to, spammers could respond to challenges.

To test this theory, I took a day's worth of bounce logs from 
somewhere.com (2003-05-15).  These should be fairly normal logs. 
There's been a bit of an upswing from a recent virus attack, but 
otherwise these are pretty normal bounce logs for somewhere.com. 
These are for addresses that do not, and have never, existed. 
Because they got on the spammer's lists primarily because someone 
entered the address on a web site, they get a mix of "true" spam and 
just standard bulk mail.  However if they bulkmailers are doing their 
job, those addresses should be removed fairly quickly.  If they 
aren't removing on bounces--then they look and smell a lot like 
spammers.

Known oddities in the data:

862 messages to wormalert@somewhere.com and variations.  These tend 
to run about 1/3 viruses, 1/3 real messages and 1/3 spam.  That set 
has 533 distinct MAIL FROM addresses.

12340 messages from olga@somewhere.com to mail@somewhere.com. 
(Misconfigured Axis video cameras.)

Since all I'm counting here are unique MAIL FROM addresses, neither 
of these should have a huge impact.

I ran a program which took each MAIL FROM address, parsed out the 
domain portion, looked up the MX record, and then connected to the 
SMTP port of the lowest numbered MX server.  I did a
	HELO somewhere.com
	MAIL FROM <postmaster+AntiSpamAddressVerification@somewhere.com>
	RCPT TO <appropriate-address>
	QUIT
Note that a few sites bounced me at the HELO prompt (didn't like that 
I was on DSL, or that my name was somewhere.com).  A few bounced at 
the MAIL FROM (didn't like somewhere.com--and one claimed that + 
wasn't a legal email character).  But the number of either of those 
was pretty low (less than half a dozen).  I'll do a better job of 
recording those separately in the future.

There were 39595 entries in the log, with 34404 distinct SMTP sessions.
There were 11559 unique MAIL FROM addresses.

+---------+-------+------------+
| errcode | total | percentage |
+---------+-------+------------+
|       0 |    99 |       0.86 |	???
|     250 |  5796 |      50.14 |
|     450 |     6 |       0.05 |
|     451 |    12 |       0.10 |
|     452 |     8 |       0.07 |
|     473 |     4 |       0.03 |
|     500 |     1 |       0.01 |
|     501 |     1 |       0.01 |
|     521 |     3 |       0.03 |
|     530 |     1 |       0.01 |
|     550 |  2341 |      20.25 |
|     551 |     3 |       0.03 |
|     552 |     2 |       0.02 |
|     553 |   288 |       2.49 |
|     554 |    48 |       0.42 |
|     555 |     1 |       0.01 |
|     556 |     1 |       0.01 |
|     571 |     1 |       0.01 |
|    1001 |  1880 |      16.26 |	No MX Record
|    1003 |  1055 |       9.13 |	No SMTP Server
|    1007 |     8 |       0.07 |	Invalid Email Format
+---------+-------+------------+

In aggregate.  51% of the addresses were valid.  49% were not.
Of the ones that were not valid, 52% didn't have a reachable mail server.

Now let's see how it breaks down by domain.

Here are the top 5 domains in the MAIL FROM's.
+-------------------------+-------+
| host                    | count |
+-------------------------+-------+
| yahoo.com               |   819 |
| hotmail.com             |   714 |
| aol.com                 |   632 |
| earthlink.net           |   209 |
| msn.com                 |   161 |
+-------------------------+-------+

Let's do the same stats for each of these.  Note that I have a 1-2% 
"No SMTP Server" rate.  This could mean that they were rate limiting 
my queries.  More likely it's do the the very short timeout I put on 
doing the query.  I'll have to adjust that in the future.

+-----------+---------+-------+------------+
| host      | errcode | total | percentage |
+-----------+---------+-------+------------+
| yahoo.com |    NULL |     1 |       0.12 |
| yahoo.com |     250 |   669 |      81.68 |
| yahoo.com |     553 |   129 |      15.75 |
| yahoo.com |    1003 |    20 |       2.44 |
+-----------+---------+-------+------------+
+-------------+---------+-------+------------+
| host        | errcode | total | percentage |
+-------------+---------+-------+------------+
| hotmail.com |    NULL |     1 |       0.14 |
| hotmail.com |     250 |   111 |      15.55 |
| hotmail.com |     550 |   602 |      84.31 |
+-------------+---------+-------+------------+
+---------+---------+-------+------------+
| host    | errcode | total | percentage |
+---------+---------+-------+------------+
| aol.com |       0 |    10 |       1.58 |
| aol.com |     250 |   581 |      91.93 |
| aol.com |     550 |    10 |       1.58 |
| aol.com |    1003 |    31 |       4.91 |
+---------+---------+-------+------------+
+---------------+---------+-------+------------+
| host          | errcode | total | percentage |
+---------------+---------+-------+------------+
| earthlink.net |     250 |    43 |      20.57 |
| earthlink.net |     550 |   149 |      71.29 |
| earthlink.net |     554 |    14 |       6.70 |
| earthlink.net |    1003 |     3 |       1.44 |
+---------------+---------+-------+------------+
+---------+---------+-------+------------+
| host    | errcode | total | percentage |
+---------+---------+-------+------------+
| msn.com |    NULL |     1 |       0.62 |
| msn.com |     250 |    62 |      38.51 |
| msn.com |     550 |    97 |      60.25 |
| msn.com |    1003 |     1 |       0.62 |
+---------+---------+-------+------------+

Interesting that the results vary so much by ISP.  Yahoo accounts are 
pretty valid.  Hotmail accounts are pretty bad.  AOL is quite good. 
Earthlink has a problem.  MSN's slightly better, but still negative.

In general though, it appears that Vernon is correct.  If my sample 
is representative, a large percentage of spam is coming from real 
email addresses.

I'll be making this data (and hopefully live update's to it) 
available on the web, hopefully in the next few days.


As an addition anecdotal piece of information.  In the past month 
I've seen five separate email accounts (including two of mine) get 
Joe-jobbed in a new way.  Instead of major bounceback, they just get 
one or two.  It smells like new spam software that uses the same 
database of addresses for From that they were using for To.  The goal 
might be to get through verification filters like the above.  But 
it's also interesting to consider what havoc that might wreak on C/R 
systems.  How is someone going to react with they get a challenge for 
a message they didn't send?  I predict that if people get used to C/R 
systems they'll just click send--and the spammer's message will get 
through.

Finally, as an addendum of sorts.  Here are the unique messages 
associated with the above error codes.  I've left out 250 and 550 
ones--I'm just tracking the less common ones.  And they've been 
normalized to remove email addresses and domain names.

+---------+-------+----------------------------------------------------+
| errcode | count | substring(message,1,50)                            |
+---------+-------+----------------------------------------------------+
|       0 |    99 |                                                    |
|     250 |  5796 | recipient ok                                       |
|     450 |     3 | <EMAILADDRESS>: User unknown in local recipient ta |
|     450 |     2 | <localhost.localdomain>: Helo command rejected: Ho |
|     450 |     1 | Mailbox unavailable.                               |
|     451 |     1 | 4.0.0 Can't create transcript file ./xfh4GNNYv0581 |
|     451 |     1 | 4.3.0 error creating message, status = StatusSpool |
|     451 |     1 | 4.3.5 Error getting LDAP results in map sbcldap:   |
|     451 |     4 | <EMAILADDRESS>: Temporary lookup failure           |
|     451 |     1 | <LOCALPART> ... Recipient mailbox is full          |
|     451 |     1 | Can't connect to bisman.com - psmtp                |
|     451 |     2 | Requested action aborted: local error in processin |
|     451 |     1 | Server Error                                       |
|     452 |     2 | 4.2.1 Mailbox temporarily disabled: EMAILADDRESS   |
|     452 |     2 | 4.2.2 Mailbox full                                 |
|     452 |     2 | 4.4.5 Insufficient disk space; try again later     |
|     452 |     2 | Message for <EMAILADDRESS> would exceed mailbox qu |
|     473 |     4 | EMAILADDRESS relaying prohibited. You should authe |
|     500 |     1 | <EMAILADDRESS>: Recipient address rejected: Recipi |
|     501 |     1 | Syntax error in sender: <postmaster+AntiSpamAddres |
|     521 |     1 | This User has too many concurrents, please try aga |
|     521 |     2 | this mailbox is disabled or invalid (#5.2.1)       |
|     530 |     1 | Delivery not allowed to non-local recipient, try a |
|     550 |  2341 | unknown user                                       |
|     551 |     1 | 5.0.0 Mailbox disabled,storage space exceeded      |
|     551 |     1 | EMAILADDRESS illegal name for an account           |
|     551 |     1 | not our customer                                   |
|     552 |     1 | <EMAILADDRESS>: Recipient address rejected: Sorry, |
|     552 |     1 | Requested action aborted: exceeded storage allocat |
|     553 |     1 | 5.0.0 <EMAILADDRESS>... No such user               |
|     553 |     1 | 5.1.3 <EMAILADDRESS>... Invalid route address      |
|     553 |    17 | 5.3.0 <EMAILADDRESS>... Addressee unknown, relay=[ |
|     553 |     1 | 5.3.0 <EMAILADDRESS>... Delivery ERROR!!!User does |
|     553 |     4 | 5.3.0 <EMAILADDRESS>... No such user               |
|     553 |     6 | 5.3.0 <EMAILADDRESS>... No such user here          |
|     553 |     2 | 5.3.0 <EMAILADDRESS>... That address is not curren |
|     553 |     1 | 5.3.0 <EMAILADDRESS>... Try LOCALPART@symantec.com |
|     553 |     1 | 5.3.0 <EMAILADDRESS>... User LOCALPART mailbox ful |
|     553 |     3 | 5.3.0 <EMAILADDRESS>... User unknown               |
|     553 |     8 | 5.5.3 <EMAILADDRESS>... Invalid                    |
|     553 |     1 | <EMAILADDRESS>... User unknown                     |
|     553 |     2 | No mailbox here by that name, sorry (#5.7.1)       |
|     553 |     1 | RCPT TO:<EMAILADDRESS> refused                     |
|     553 |     7 | Requested action not taken: mailbox name not allow |
|     553 |   143 | VS10-RT Possible forgery or deactivated due to abu |
|     553 |    88 | sorry, that domain isn't in my list of allowed rcp |
|     553 |     1 | sorry, your envelope sender is in my badmailfrom l |
|     554 |     1 | 5.0.0 ADMIN.COM ISN'T THE DOMAIN YOU'RE LOOKING FO |
|     554 |     3 | <EMAILADDRESS>: Recipient address rejected: Access |
|     554 |     1 | <EMAILADDRESS>: Recipient address rejected: Domain |
|     554 |     9 | <EMAILADDRESS>: Recipient address rejected: Not ac |
|     554 |     1 | <EMAILADDRESS>: Recipient address rejected: Relay  |
|     554 |     5 | <EMAILADDRESS>: Relay access denied                |
|     554 |     1 | <localhost.localdomain>: Helo command rejected: Ho |
|     554 |     1 | EMAILADDRESS Mail quota exceeded                   |
|     554 |     1 | Mail for EMAILADDRESS rejected for policy reasons. |
|     554 |    21 | Quota violation for EMAILADDRESS                   |
|     554 |     1 | Relay rejected for policy reasons.                 |
|     554 |     2 | SPAM-Relay detected                                |
|     554 |     1 | recipient <EMAILADDRESS>, Transaction failed       |
|     555 |     1 | sorry, your envelope recipient is in my badrcptto  |
|     556 |     1 | invalid email address EMAILADDRESS (5.5.6)         |
|     571 |     1 | <www.somewhere.com[66.92.72.194]>: Client host rej |
|    1001 |  1880 | No MX Record                                       |
|    1003 |  1055 | No SMTP Connection                                 |
|    1007 |     8 | Bad Address Format                                 |
+---------+-------+----------------------------------------------------+

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Sun May 18 05:56:30 2003
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
To: "Kee Hinckley"  <nazgul@somewhere.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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> 
> Interesting that the results vary so much by ISP.  Yahoo accounts are 
> pretty valid.  Hotmail accounts are pretty bad.  AOL is quite good. 
> Earthlink has a problem.  MSN's slightly better, but still negative.


Of course yahoo will say 250 to pretty much anything.
So these addresses are "valid" in what sense exactly?





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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> ...
> Vernon has regularly made the claim that a significant proportion of 
> spam messages have valid MAIL FROM's.  That means that bounces will 
> go the the spammer.  This has significant ramifications for C/R 
> systems (especially auto-respond ones) since it means that should 
> they have to, spammers could respond to challenges.

> ...
> Interesting that the results vary so much by ISP.  Yahoo accounts are 
> pretty valid.  Hotmail accounts are pretty bad.  AOL is quite good. 
> Earthlink has a problem.  MSN's slightly better, but still negative.
>
> In general though, it appears that Vernon is correct.  If my sample 
> is representative, a large percentage of spam is coming from real 
> email addresses.

Actually, my claim differs somewhat.  It is that most spam with free
provider MAIL_FROM values is not "forged" but that the spammer can
legitimately claim to own the MAIL_FROM value even if it has since
been terminated by the ISP.  Your data is consistent with my claim as
well as with the widely believed belief that Hotmail is much quicker
to terminate spam drop-boxes than Yahoo.

Long ago AOL had a problem in providing drop-boxes to spammers.  By
many accounts, they fixed that problem about the time AOL MAIL_FROM
values largely disappeared from spam.  AOL representatives said they
fixed the problem by various mechanisms including requiring and checking
credit card numbers of all new subscribers before or during account
acctiviation.  In recent months I've noticed a lot of spam with AOL
MAIL_FROM values.  Recent AOL "free" offers trumpet not requiring a
credit card number for account activation.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Sun May 18 09:58:26 2003
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Subject: [Asrg] ASRG as a source of spam?
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Not sure how to put it most humorously... I had high hopes for the IETF
being able to address this issue constructively and effectively, but after
my second (and more sustained) attempt to follow these discussions, I
conclude y'all are generating a lot of smoke and confusion, running around
in circles and making no real progress towards putting out the fire of spam.
In parting, I hope to provide a bit of clarity:

0) Email is NOT free.
1) The technical tools to stop spam exist.
2) Users have insufficient motivation to use those tools.
3) The economic model of 'free' email is broken.
4) Stop dividing by zero and the problem is solved.

The unfortunate result of our collective inability to deal constructively
with the spam problem from a technical perspective will doubtless be
attempts at legislative cures that will most likely be worse than the
disease.

(I'd really like to contribute to a solution. I fondly remember my ancient
experiences as postmaster of one of the largest free email systems in Tokyo.
However, I simply don't have the time to deal with the messages here, most
of which are about as useful as spam. No insult intended, but that's the way
I currently see the ASRG. I wish y'all well, and hope you find some useful
answers.)

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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 10:34:06 -0400
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>
> 1. C/R systems should preserve subjects through the process.  They
> can add to them if they want, but the original should be there.

I'm not sure that they should..and not sure they shouldn't.  It should be a
configuration option by the administrator to preserve the subject or
originate a new one.  Such a method would be implementation-specific and not
determined by a standard if mentioned at all.

> 2. C/R systems need to have a standard way of identifying themselves
> as such.  This avoids loops, and it let's us shunt them into an
> appropriate handling queue.

Yes, if a message has the C/R headers..it shouldn't be challenged.  Only
challenge messages should use C/R headers.  We've discussed the issue
regarding spammers using them...not using them.  The other recommendation is
that the system be stateful and not constantly return the challenge
messages.  If you send my demo account 20 messages, you get one challenge
back.  Now, that's implementation-specific.  I would not suggest that a
protocol require a system to be stateful..if mentioned at all.  However, I
would recommend that C/R headers result in a suppressed challenge to avoid
loops.

> 3. As I've said before--any system that requires you to do something
> other than just reply (e.g. read a graphic) needs to meet
> accessibility standards.

Yes, agreed.  And therefore, vendors that do stupid things will not sell
their product and Darwinian nature will run it's course.  I'm not sure that
we want to address the body or content of the challenge message..just the
challenge headers.  Again, these are just my thoughts and am widely open to
counter-thoughts.

> 4. If you have a web based confirmation system, you should also have
> an email-based one.  The fact that I can send you email does not mean
> that I can access your web site.  (Think China, think road-warrier,
> think third world.)

Agreed.  I'm not trying to specify a web-based authentication method here or
an SMTP-reply one.  I agree there should be such methods.  I guess, if the
industry is naturally going in a certain direction, I would not intrude on
their liberties.  However, if we all want to interwork...which is really
what I am looking to define...an Interworking for C/R Systems...then  we
should identify the criteria.  Come to think of it, that's ALL I'm
considering.  I just to provide an interworking method and not dictate to
vendors how they should build their own systems...the market will figure
that out.

As a result, I will probably rename the draft to a C/R System Interworking
document.

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
From: Fred Bacon <bacon@aerodyne.com>
To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Date: 18 May 2003 12:56:42 -0400


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On Sun, 2003-05-18 at 03:34, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> Vernon has regularly made the claim that a significant proportion of=20
> spam messages have valid MAIL FROM's.  That means that bounces will=20
> go the the spammer.  This has significant ramifications for C/R=20
> systems (especially auto-respond ones) since it means that should=20
> they have to, spammers could respond to challenges.
>=20
> To test this theory, I took a day's worth of bounce logs from=20
> somewhere.com (2003-05-15).  These should be fairly normal logs.=20
> There's been a bit of an upswing from a recent virus attack, but=20
> otherwise these are pretty normal bounce logs for somewhere.com.=20
> These are for addresses that do not, and have never, existed.=20
> Because they got on the spammer's lists primarily because someone=20
> entered the address on a web site, they get a mix of "true" spam and=20
> just standard bulk mail.  However if they bulkmailers are doing their=20
> job, those addresses should be removed fairly quickly.  If they=20
> aren't removing on bounces--then they look and smell a lot like=20
> spammers.

<snip>

> In general though, it appears that Vernon is correct.  If my sample=20
> is representative, a large percentage of spam is coming from real=20
> email addresses.
>=20
> I'll be making this data (and hopefully live update's to it)=20
> available on the web, hopefully in the next few days.

I nice idea, but what we really need is the script you used to analyze
your logs.  Then additional data can be collected at a variety of
locations. =20

I realize that there are many on this list who find data collection to
be pointless, but Kee Hinckley has shown this to be incorrect.  Vernon
Schryver's assertions were useless (even if correct) without hard
evidence, and Kee's data is insufficient without wider deployment.

Likewise, Vernon's followup that Kee is analyzing a different statement
than Vernon asserted is a legitimate concern.  The data analysis
methodology should be publicly vetted to ensure that it is providing
meaningful and acurate data.

Paul, is it possible for the www.irtf.org/asrg website to host log
analysis tools?  This is directly applicable to the list of Work Items.

--=20
Fred Bacon <bacon@aerodyne.com>
Aerodyne Research, Inc.

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At 03:34 AM 5/18/2003 -0400, Kee Hinckley wrote:

>Vernon has regularly made the claim that a significant proportion of
>spam messages have valid MAIL FROM's.  That means that bounces will
>go the the spammer.  This has significant ramifications for C/R
>systems (especially auto-respond ones) since it means that should
>they have to, spammers could respond to challenges.
>
>To test this theory, I took a day's worth of bounce logs from
>somewhere.com (2003-05-15).  These should be fairly normal logs.
>There's been a bit of an upswing from a recent virus attack, but
>otherwise these are pretty normal bounce logs for somewhere.com.
>
>I ran a program which took each MAIL FROM address, parsed out the
>domain portion, looked up the MX record, and then connected to the
>SMTP port of the lowest numbered MX server.  I did a
>         HELO somewhere.com
>         MAIL FROM <postmaster+AntiSpamAddressVerification@somewhere.com>
>         RCPT TO <appropriate-address>
>         QUIT
>Note that a few sites bounced me at the HELO prompt (didn't like that
>I was on DSL, or that my name was somewhere.com).  A few bounced at
>the MAIL FROM (didn't like somewhere.com--and one claimed that +
>wasn't a legal email character).  But the number of either of those
>was pretty low (less than half a dozen).  I'll do a better job of
>recording those separately in the future.
>
>[.....]
>In general though, it appears that Vernon is correct.  If my sample
>is representative, a large percentage of spam is coming from real
>email addresses.

I see a problem with this testing strategy - an SMTP server is does not 
necessarily produce an error when receiving an RCPT TO command. See RFC 
2821, section 3.3:

----[snip]----
"However, in practice, some servers do not perform recipient verification 
until after the message text is received.  These servers    SHOULD treat a 
failure for one or more recipients as a "subsequent failure" and return a 
mail message as discussed in section 6.  Using a "550 mailbox not found" 
(or equivalent) reply code after the data are accepted makes it difficult 
or impossible for the client to   determine which recipients failed."
----[snip]----

And RFC 2821, Section 6.1.:

----[snip]----
"If there is a delivery failure after acceptance of a message, the 
receiver-SMTP MUST formulate and mail a notification message."
----[snip]----

Therefore, it is not possible to determine with certainty whether these 
accounts actually existed. A better testing strategy would actually send 
email to these accounts with the DATA command and watch for bounce 
messages. However, spammers can always choose to use a real email address 
as the return address and sending email to valid accounts in itself may be 
considered spam by the recipients.

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
To: "Fred Bacon"  <bacon@aerodyne.com>
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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 19:59:27 +0100

> 
> I realize that there are many on this list who find data collection to
> be pointless, but Kee Hinckley has shown this to be incorrect.  



While it's always nice to see some numbers, I'm not sure what
these figures are actually measuring. For instance, yahoo will give a
positive reply for a random mailbox in RCPT TO, delaying rejection until
after DATA. I think the response after data will indicate if the account
doesn't exist or has been (recently) terminated.

I suspect hotmail will fail an address at RCPT TO even if the address is
associated with a registered account which has become "dormant". (please
correct me if I'm wrong on this one)

I suppose it might be possible to assume that these two biases will cancel
out, but that's quite a large assumption to make.


> Vernon
> Schryver's assertions were useless (even if correct) without hard
> evidence, and Kee's data is insufficient without wider deployment.
> 
> Likewise, Vernon's followup that Kee is analyzing a different statement
> than Vernon asserted is a legitimate concern.  The data analysis
> methodology should be publicly vetted to ensure that it is providing
> meaningful and acurate data.
> 

The primary issue is not deployment. We're not at that stage. One needs to
define what a "valid" address is and how to determine an address is
valid by that definition.
Once that's done, one needs to decide if the data collection is feasible
and useful. Then someone can write and review some scripts to analyse some
logs.
(Incidentally - which MTAs logs are you going to analyse? Sendmail? qmail?
exim? all of them? Standard / non-standard log formats?)

Data collection can indeed be pointless, particularly if the information
content is low.

All the same, it's good of KH to take the trouble to introduce some facts
into this discussion (seriously).









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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R Thoughts: Take 1
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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 14:58:46 -0400

At 10:34 AM 5/18/2003 -0400, Eric Dean wrote:

> > 2. C/R systems need to have a standard way of identifying themselves
> > as such.  This avoids loops, and it let's us shunt them into an
> > appropriate handling queue.
>
>Yes, if a message has the C/R headers..it shouldn't be challenged.  Only
>challenge messages should use C/R headers.  We've discussed the issue
>regarding spammers using them...not using them.  The other recommendation is
>that the system be stateful and not constantly return the challenge
>messages.  If you send my demo account 20 messages, you get one challenge
>back.  Now, that's implementation-specific.  I would not suggest that a
>protocol require a system to be stateful..if mentioned at all.  However, I
>would recommend that C/R headers result in a suppressed challenge to avoid
>loops.

One thing I wanted to mention is that a C/R system that has a white-list of 
verified senders, should probably verify the senders again every X months.

> > 3. As I've said before--any system that requires you to do something
> > other than just reply (e.g. read a graphic) needs to meet
> > accessibility standards.
>
>Yes, agreed.  And therefore, vendors that do stupid things will not sell
>their product and Darwinian nature will run it's course.  I'm not sure that
>we want to address the body or content of the challenge message..just the
>challenge headers.  Again, these are just my thoughts and am widely open to
>counter-thoughts.

A Turing test may not be able to meet accessibility standards but again are 
we seeking to distinguish between man and machine, or verify the email address.

> > 4. If you have a web based confirmation system, you should also have
> > an email-based one.  The fact that I can send you email does not mean
> > that I can access your web site.  (Think China, think road-warrier,
> > think third world.)
>
>Agreed.  I'm not trying to specify a web-based authentication method here or
>an SMTP-reply one.  I agree there should be such methods.  I guess, if the
>industry is naturally going in a certain direction, I would not intrude on
>their liberties.  However, if we all want to interwork...which is really
>what I am looking to define...an Interworking for C/R Systems...then  we
>should identify the criteria.  Come to think of it, that's ALL I'm
>considering.  I just to provide an interworking method and not dictate to
>vendors how they should build their own systems...the market will figure
>that out.
>
>As a result, I will probably rename the draft to a C/R System Interworking
>document.

Since the C/R systems operate over SMTP, all parts of it should operate 
over SMTP including the replies.

Yakov 

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 14:54:06 -0400

At 03:34 AM 5/18/2003 -0400, Kee Hinckley wrote:

>Vernon has regularly made the claim that a significant proportion of
>spam messages have valid MAIL FROM's.  That means that bounces will
>go the the spammer.  This has significant ramifications for C/R
>systems (especially auto-respond ones) since it means that should
>they have to, spammers could respond to challenges.

I believe that we mentioned before, that if the sender's system supports 
C/R and keeps track of all outgoing messages, then it can compare the 
X-CR-Recipient: header against the list of email addresses this user send 
email to. This avoids the problem of spammers using a real email address 
for the FROM addresses. However, if the spammers themselves are operating 
the mail servers there is nothing we can do but at the last we would know 
where the email came from and we can track it down.

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Scott,

This might seem a dumb note, but I want to encourage folks to read (and
re-read) your posting carefully.

Everything in it is important, as in: it is thoroughly clue-full.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 18 May 2003 19:59:27 BST."
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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 18:18:48 -0400

"Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com> wrote:
> While it's always nice to see some numbers, I'm not sure what
> these figures are actually measuring. For instance, yahoo will give a
> positive reply for a random mailbox in RCPT TO, delaying rejection until
> after DATA. I think the response after data will indicate if the account
> doesn't exist or has been (recently) terminated.

  Even worse, there is no proven connection between the spam and the
hotmail/yahoo account which is allegedly the sender.  The data are
entirely consistent with spammers using lists of verified email
addresses to forge 'From:' lines.

  This isn't to say that the numbers aren't meaningful, they are.  But
it's difficult to know exactly what they mean.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 15:46:38 -0700

At 03:34 AM 5/18/03 -0400, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>Vernon has regularly made the claim that a significant proportion of 
>spam messages have valid MAIL FROM's.  That means that bounces will 
>go the the spammer.  This has significant ramifications for C/R 
>systems (especially auto-respond ones) since it means that should 
>they have to, spammers could respond to challenges.
>

There's a significant difference between "address is valid"
and "address belongs to spammer who could respond."

It's certainly possible for the Reply-To: (or any other sender supplied
addresses you test) to point to a valid address that does belong
to the sender (real), valid that doesn't belong to the sender (forged),
currently invalid address which belonged to the sender when they sent 
the message (revoked by isp) or invalid which never belonged to the 
sender (abandoned once the bounces started flooding in).

It would be nice to know how many addresses that tested valid 
when the spam was received, test invalid some time later 
(say, after 48 hours).  Of course, that data might not be much use, 
but at least it's collectable.

>
>There were 39595 entries in the log, with 34404 distinct SMTP sessions.
>There were 11559 unique MAIL FROM addresses.
>
>+---------+-------+------------+
>| errcode | total | percentage |
>+---------+-------+------------+
>|       0 |    99 |       0.86 |	???
>|     250 |  5796 |      50.14 |
>|     450 |     6 |       0.05 |
>|     451 |    12 |       0.10 |
>|     452 |     8 |       0.07 |
>|     473 |     4 |       0.03 |
>|     500 |     1 |       0.01 |
>|     501 |     1 |       0.01 |
>|     521 |     3 |       0.03 |
>|     530 |     1 |       0.01 |
>|     550 |  2341 |      20.25 |
>|     551 |     3 |       0.03 |
>|     552 |     2 |       0.02 |
>|     553 |   288 |       2.49 |
>|     554 |    48 |       0.42 |
>|     555 |     1 |       0.01 |
>|     556 |     1 |       0.01 |
>|     571 |     1 |       0.01 |
>|    1001 |  1880 |      16.26 |	No MX Record
>|    1003 |  1055 |       9.13 |	No SMTP Server
>|    1007 |     8 |       0.07 |	Invalid Email Format
>+---------+-------+------------+
>
>In aggregate.  51% of the addresses were valid.  49% were not.
>Of the ones that were not valid, 52% didn't have a reachable mail server.
>

Minor quibble:  Failing to have an MX record doesn't guarantee
an address is invalid.  But I'd bet that a fair number of the
"No MX Record" group don't have an A record either, and of the
ones that do, few if any point to a SMTP server.

At any rate, somewhere between 9% - 25% not only don't have
valid return addresses, the addresses given can't reasonably
be considered to ever have been valid.  We can at least say
with some certainty that those spams aren't impersonating
someone else.


Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 17:17:11 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>

> >spam messages have valid MAIL FROM's.  That means that bounces will
> >go the the spammer.  This has significant ramifications for C/R
> >systems (especially auto-respond ones) since it means that should
> >they have to, spammers could respond to challenges.
>
> I believe that we mentioned before, that if the sender's system supports 
> C/R and keeps track of all outgoing messages, then it can compare the 
> X-CR-Recipient: header against the list of email addresses this user send 
> email to. This avoids the problem of spammers using a real email address 
> for the FROM addresses. However, if the spammers themselves are operating 
> the mail servers there is nothing we can do but at the last we would know 
> where the email came from and we can track it down.

If spammers have valid return addresses, then what distinguishes challenges
of their mail or their responses from the same for anyone else?

Are you assuming that legitimate mail comes only the system named
by the sender domain?  That restriction is similar to but stronger
than the basic RMX assumption.

Are you expecting not only that distant users will respond to challenges,
but that their ISPs will modify their MTAs to maintain databases of
all addresses to which their users have sent mail?  If so, that
seems...implausible.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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> From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>

> > While it's always nice to see some numbers, I'm not sure what
> > these figures are actually measuring. For instance, yahoo will give a
> > positive reply for a random mailbox in RCPT TO, delaying rejection until
> > after DATA. I think the response after data will indicate if the account
> > doesn't exist or has been (recently) terminated.
>
>   Even worse, there is no proven connection between the spam and the
> hotmail/yahoo account which is allegedly the sender.  The data are
> entirely consistent with spammers using lists of verified email
> addresses to forge 'From:' lines.
> ...

That would be make sense only if the number of hotmail/yahoo spam
sender addresses were proportional to the number of hotmail/yahoo
addresses among all targets of spam.  Unless you think that most spam
targets are at free providers, you must assume that spammers have some
reason for prefering to send as if from free providers.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: [Asrg] Shannon Jacob's article on spam
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Shannon's email caught my attention. The following is a link to his article,
published on the ACM.

http://www.acm.org/ubiquity/views/s_jacobs_2.html

I don't really get what he is trying to say though. He seems to think the
server already knows what is spam and what isn't. This just isn't the case.

There are some forum discussions as well.

http://campus.acm.org/forums/ubiquity/messageview.cfm?catid=5&threadid=67

The article also links to the Spam combat page. This is a useful page for
ASRG subscribers who need a bit of background what's doable to trace and
identify spam http://combat.uxn.com/.

Warning: The discussions are of a pretty low quality, compared to what runs
on this list.

I think increasingly we have to assume that messages will be filtered,
whether it is through ORBs at the server level, or at the message level,
like Spam-Assassin. As filter settings get tweaked up, we will be unable to
control/find out whether our legitimate emails have been delivered or not.

Assuming that we live in a landscape where 99% of emails are spam, how do we
identify that our outgoing emails are legitimate? We need a standard way to
signal:

a) Please let this mail through. It is important to me. I have expended X
amount of effort or money, here's the proof.
b) If your filter refused to let this mail through, please notify me so that
I can try another method. This is important to me. I have expended X amount
of effort or money, here's the proof.
c) Please let this mail through, I would like to permit the SMTP server to
publish my IP address on the email so that the recipients filter could
verify that I am not a spammer.

Micropayments made to a charitable organisation could be a worthly goal.
Perhaps, organisations such as Medicines San Frontiers could sign our
messages on a per receiver basis, or issue one-use tickets? This is just so
that we could get our emails through if we are corresponding with a new
party for the first time.



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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 20:27:15 -0400

At 05:17 PM 5/18/2003 -0600, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>[...]
>Are you expecting not only that distant users will respond to challenges,
>but that their ISPs will modify their MTAs to maintain databases of
>all addresses to which their users have sent mail?  If so, that
>seems...implausible.

I did expect ISPs to maintain such databases for only for a limited time. 
An average challenge/response interaction if done by automated software 
only takes moments or at most minutes. If an ISP is implementing an 
automated C/R system, they might keep track of outgoing addresses just like 
they keep a whitelist and queue for incoming. However, that would be an 
optional part of the draft.

What I do expect is that users will not reply to challenges that come from 
strangers - if spammers start using someone's email address for the "FROM" 
field, it would make sense to assume that the user in question will not 
respond to thousands of incoming messages.

Yakov 

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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 20:58:51 -0400

At 10:53 AM +0100 5/18/03, Jon Kyme wrote:
>  >
>>  Interesting that the results vary so much by ISP.  Yahoo accounts are
>>  pretty valid.  Hotmail accounts are pretty bad.  AOL is quite good.
>>  Earthlink has a problem.  MSN's slightly better, but still negative.
>
>
>Of course yahoo will say 250 to pretty much anything.
>So these addresses are "valid" in what sense exactly?

They said "no" to 16% of the messages I queried them on.  The 
specific message they used was:

553 VS10-RT Possible forgery or deactivated due to abuse (#5.1.1)

Can you show instances in which they say yes to messages they cannot deliver?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 21:01:58 -0400

At 7:02 AM -0600 5/18/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>Actually, my claim differs somewhat.  It is that most spam with free
>provider MAIL_FROM values is not "forged" but that the spammer can
>legitimately claim to own the MAIL_FROM value even if it has since
>been terminated by the ISP.  Your data is consistent with my claim as

Understood.  One reason I chose a recent sample was to try and avoid 
missing accounts due shutdown.  Those tests were run within 24 hours 
of the time I received the email.  Of course, we have no way of 
knowing when the spammer set up their software, or how long they've 
been using that particular account.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 18:18:33 -0700 (PDT)

ad> Even worse, there is no proven connection between the spam and the
ad> hotmail/yahoo account which is allegedly the sender.  The data are
ad> entirely consistent with spammers using lists of verified email
ad> addresses to forge 'From:' lines.

vs> That would be make sense only if the number of hotmail/yahoo spam
vs> sender addresses were proportional to the number of hotmail/yahoo
vs> addresses among all targets of spam.

Vernon,

Wouldn't this objection only apply if you assume that spammers are
selecting MAIL FROM: addresses uniformly?  That is, if you assume each
address in their lists is given equal probability?

Do spammers who do forge prefer to send MAIL FROM: big free targets,
no-name targets, or have no preference?  I honestly don't know the
answer to this one, but anecdotally I suspect they prefer to hit the
big-name targets.

Mike

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 19:52:30 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Michael Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>

> ad> Even worse, there is no proven connection between the spam and the
> ad> hotmail/yahoo account which is allegedly the sender.  The data are
> ad> entirely consistent with spammers using lists of verified email
> ad> addresses to forge 'From:' lines.
>
> vs> That would be make sense only if the number of hotmail/yahoo spam
> vs> sender addresses were proportional to the number of hotmail/yahoo
> vs> addresses among all targets of spam.


> Wouldn't this objection only apply if you assume that spammers are
> selecting MAIL FROM: addresses uniformly?  That is, if you assume each
> address in their lists is given equal probability?

That's my point.  Spam source addresses are obviously not uniformly
distributed accross domain names.  Unless you make surprising
assumptions about spam target addresses, they are not uniformly
distributed accross those either.

Why is that?  It cannot be because free provider mailboxes are harder
to check for validity.  Many large corporate domain names give no
indication that an invented address is bogus during the SMTP transaction.
(Think about corporate MX servers and firewalls to see not only why
that is but why it must be, at least as SMTP is practised today.)

It also cannot be because free provider addresses are good sender
addresses for spam, because a noticable albeit small minority of
organizations are like Rhyolite Software and reject all mail
apparently from strangers at free providers.  If you're going to
pick a random domain name, it would be better to pick any of the
Fortune 1000 not associated with a free provider.

This issue seems like a minor nit until you notice how many proposed
spam defenses are based on the assumption that most spam is forged,
so that spammers cannot receive DSNs and spammers are not authorized
to use the sender addresses or SMTP clients they use.  For example,
if 90% of spam is forged, then RMX, C/R, and authentication schemes
could do a lot against spam (modulo their other problems).  If only
10% of spam is forged, then those schemes are limited to affecting
that 10% fringe, albeit a very irritating fringe.

Here if not elsewhere, circular reasoning is inadmissible.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>, "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 21:55:43 -0400

At 08:58 PM 5/18/2003 -0400, Kee Hinckley wrote:

>At 10:53 AM +0100 5/18/03, Jon Kyme wrote:
>>  >
>>>  Interesting that the results vary so much by ISP.  Yahoo accounts are
>>>  pretty valid.  Hotmail accounts are pretty bad.  AOL is quite good.
>>>  Earthlink has a problem.  MSN's slightly better, but still negative.
>>
>>
>>Of course yahoo will say 250 to pretty much anything.
>>So these addresses are "valid" in what sense exactly?
>
>They said "no" to 16% of the messages I queried them on.  The specific 
>message they used was:
>
>553 VS10-RT Possible forgery or deactivated due to abuse (#5.1.1)
>
>Can you show instances in which they say yes to messages they cannot deliver?

Well they can say yes even though it cannot be delivered - see RFC 2821, 
section 3.3.

Ykaov 

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 19:01:24 -0700

At 08:58 PM 5/18/03 -0400, Kee Hinckley wrote:
>At 10:53 AM +0100 5/18/03, Jon Kyme wrote:
>>  >
>>>  Interesting that the results vary so much by ISP.  Yahoo accounts are
>>>  pretty valid.  Hotmail accounts are pretty bad.  AOL is quite good.
>>>  Earthlink has a problem.  MSN's slightly better, but still negative.
>>
>>
>>Of course yahoo will say 250 to pretty much anything.
>>So these addresses are "valid" in what sense exactly?
>
>They said "no" to 16% of the messages I queried them on.  The 
>specific message they used was:
>
>553 VS10-RT Possible forgery or deactivated due to abuse (#5.1.1)
>
>Can you show instances in which they say yes to messages they cannot deliver?
>

I tried this:

% head /dev/urandom | md5sum
ce4c096d881440fffebbde3b64291d92  -

% telnet mx1.mail.yahoo.com 25
Trying 64.156.215.5...
Connected to mx1.mail.yahoo.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 YSmtp mta124.mail.scd.yahoo.com ESMTP service ready
helo spamwolf.com
250 mta124.mail.scd.yahoo.com
mail from:<>
250 null sender <> ok
rcpt to:<ce4c096d881440fffebbde3b64291d92@yahoo.com>
250 recipient <ce4c096d881440fffebbde3b64291d92@yahoo.com> ok
quit
221 mta124.mail.scd.yahoo.com
Connection closed by foreign host.


Saying that <ce4c096d881440fffebbde3b64291d92@yahoo.com> is 
unlikely to be a valid address is an understatement.

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 20:08:19 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> ...
> >Of course yahoo will say 250 to pretty much anything.
> >So these addresses are "valid" in what sense exactly?
>
> They said "no" to 16% of the messages I queried them on.  The 
> specific message they used was:
>
> 553 VS10-RT Possible forgery or deactivated due to abuse (#5.1.1)
>
> Can you show instances in which they say yes to messages they cannot deliver?

I was skeptical of the report that Yahoo defers no-such-user responses
until the DATA command, and so I made the obvious `telnet ... 25` test. 
I tried a perfectly valid message to an address that was very unlikely
to exist.  The Rcpt_To command was answered with at 250 response.  It
was not until the end of the DATA command that I got a 5yz.

Thus, Yahoo's "VS10-RT Possible forgery or deactivated due to abuse"
can reasonably be counted as "this account was owned by the spammer"
and while the 250's must be counted as "don't know".  (I doubt you'd
want to send unsolicited mail to any address that you suspect was
forged into spam.)

It occurs to me that delaying the 5yz-unknown-user response to the
DATA command could be handy for people running body filters.

Knowledgeable people have suggested that some dictionary attack
spammers first try random, practically certain to be invalid target
names before launching into their dictionaries in order to determine
if the target SMTP server answers 250-OK for bogus addresses.



 ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]


] From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

] ...
] Understood.  One reason I chose a recent sample was to try and avoid 
] missing accounts due shutdown.  Those tests were run within 24 hours 
] of the time I received the email.  Of course, we have no way of 
] knowing when the spammer set up their software, or how long they've 
] been using that particular account.

Some people use (or talk about using) a Rcpt_To test on sender
addresses to detect spam.  Their false positive and negative ratios
would be interesting.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 19:11:42 -0700 (PDT)


> This issue seems like a minor nit until you notice how many proposed
> spam defenses are based on the assumption that most spam is forged,
> so that spammers cannot receive DSNs and spammers are not authorized
> to use the sender addresses or SMTP clients they use.

Fortunately, some of the proposals are not too disruptive and have other,
stronger benefits as well.

Mike

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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 22:23:56 -0400

At 8:27 PM -0400 5/18/03, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>What I do expect is that users will not reply to challenges that 
>come from strangers - if spammers start using someone's email 
>address for the "FROM"

I fear you are being optimistic.  Having spent much more time than I 
would like doing email customer support, I tend to think that you'll 
get two major categories of responses.
	1. Scared by challenge, doesn't reply to any.
	2. Finally figured out that challenges are okay, replies to all.
I can't offer concrete evidence for that.  But the number of viruses 
that spread via people opening attachments, and the number of people 
who ignore bounces completely, make me think that people just don't 
have a good understanding for what part of what they are looking at 
is important, and what part should be ignored.  When it comes to 
computers people really don't understand what's cause and what's 
effect.  It's the new magic.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 22:14:34 -0400

At 12:56 PM -0400 5/18/03, Fred Bacon wrote:
>I nice idea, but what we really need is the script you used to analyze
>your logs.  Then additional data can be collected at a variety of
>locations.

I will provide them.  However they are specific to CommuniGate Pro, 
and requiring turning on low-level SMTP monitoring so I can track the 
transactions.  Among other things that means that I'm getting about 
40MB of log files every night for those 40,000 bounces.  But I will 
provide the Perl libraries that I used to do the testing and generate 
the database.  Just give me a bit of time this week to do all the 
work that I was supposed to have been doing instead of this :-).

>I realize that there are many on this list who find data collection to
>be pointless, but Kee Hinckley has shown this to be incorrect.  Vernon
>Schryver's assertions were useless (even if correct) without hard
>evidence, and Kee's data is insufficient without wider deployment.

Yes.  It's limited data, and it's from an odd system.  Somewhere's 
email is somewhat abnormal compared to most companies or 
ISPs--although it probably looks more like a small ISP.

>Likewise, Vernon's followup that Kee is analyzing a different statement
>than Vernon asserted is a legitimate concern.  The data analysis
>methodology should be publicly vetted to ensure that it is providing
>meaningful and acurate data.

I don't think we're that far off.  The main issue is that spammer 
drop boxes get shut down--so the longer it is before you run the 
test, the less likely you are to get a valid email address.  (I've 
considered testing that assertion.  I might try periodically 
retesting addresses and seeing if disappear.)

At 2:49 PM -0400 5/18/03, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>Therefore, it is not possible to determine with certainty whether 
>these accounts actually existed. A better testing strategy would 
>actually send email to these accounts with the DATA command and 
>watch for bounce messages. However, spammers can always choose to 
>use a real email address as the return address and sending email to 
>valid accounts in itself may be considered spam by the recipients.

Yes.  I should have noted that this will report some number of items 
as valid when they are not.  However unless (as someone as asserted) 
the major ISPs are doing this, it doesn't impact the numbers we see 
for them.

Sending real messages is a bit risky for reasons other than just 
getting spam.  First of all, you can't send a bounce messages with no 
MAIL FROM (which you normally would) because you want to see the 
result.  Secondly, you run the risk of getting blacklisted as a 
spammer if you send too many test messages.  (Yes, it has happened to 
me.)
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 20:25:39 -0700

At 07:52 PM 5/18/03 -0600, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>> From: Michael Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>
>
>> ad> Even worse, there is no proven connection between the spam and the
>> ad> hotmail/yahoo account which is allegedly the sender.  The data are
>> ad> entirely consistent with spammers using lists of verified email
>> ad> addresses to forge 'From:' lines.
>>
>> vs> That would be make sense only if the number of hotmail/yahoo spam
>> vs> sender addresses were proportional to the number of hotmail/yahoo
>> vs> addresses among all targets of spam.
>
>
>> Wouldn't this objection only apply if you assume that spammers are
>> selecting MAIL FROM: addresses uniformly?  That is, if you assume each
>> address in their lists is given equal probability?
>
>That's my point.  Spam source addresses are obviously not uniformly
>distributed accross domain names.  Unless you make surprising
>assumptions about spam target addresses, they are not uniformly
>distributed accross those either.
>
>Why is that?  It cannot be because free provider mailboxes are harder
>to check for validity.  Many large corporate domain names give no
>indication that an invented address is bogus during the SMTP transaction.
>(Think about corporate MX servers and firewalls to see not only why
>that is but why it must be, at least as SMTP is practised today.)
>
>It also cannot be because free provider addresses are good sender
>addresses for spam, because a noticable albeit small minority of
>organizations are like Rhyolite Software and reject all mail
>apparently from strangers at free providers.  If you're going to
>pick a random domain name, it would be better to pick any of the
>Fortune 1000 not associated with a free provider.
>

I would expect that /if/ the majority of return addresses are forged, 
then the spammer would pick the domain at random from their collection
of lists.

If that's right, and if a lot of spam is being forged, 
(both are untested assumptions) 
then the majority of forged spam would come from the domains which
appear most often on the lists.  I.e. since there are many more 
"big domain" email addresses, they would get forged more often.
But the small domains would be forged sometimes.

So what domains /aren't/ showing up in spam?

I know striker.ottawa.on.ca has a lot of addresses on a lot of spam lists,
but checking the last 20,000 spams I received, not a single one 
has the word "striker" in it anywhere.
No fortune 1000 domains either.
For the addresses checked, there was only one exception to the rule that 
spam has a return address that can be purchased for less than $25.00 US,
and that exception is notable.
It's spamcop.net, who claims to have been joe-jobbed.


Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Date: Sun, 18 May 2003 21:48:59 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> ...
> Sending real messages is a bit risky for reasons other than just 
> getting spam.  First of all, you can't send a bounce messages with no 
> MAIL FROM (which you normally would) because you want to see the 
> result.  Secondly, you run the risk of getting blacklisted as a 
> spammer if you send too many test messages.  (Yes, it has happened to 
> me.)

I don't want to imply or guess anything about those "too may test
messages," but it's worth noting something that too many people
conveniently forget or feel doesn't apply to their Special Needs.
Spam is never justified by any goal or desire of the spammer,
including any sort of surveying, testing, or avoiding spam.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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>> Can you show instances in which they say yes to messages they cannot deliver?

VS> I was skeptical of the report that Yahoo defers no-such-user responses
VS> until the DATA command, and so I made the obvious `telnet ... 25` test.
VS> I tried a perfectly valid message to an address that was very unlikely
VS> to exist.  The Rcpt_To command was answered with at 250 response.  It
VS> was not until the end of the DATA command that I got a 5yz.


Folks, the email operations world has increasingly moved away from
real-time processing of SMTP data.

Processing causes delays and SMTP client daemons are impatient. The
very, very wide range of network delays has compunded the effect of
these processing delays, constantly causing problematic timeouts.

So the tendency, these days, is to just say 'yes' in the protocol, take
the addresses and content, store them in a queue, and do any real work
after the connection closes.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
To: "Kee Hinckley"  <nazgul@somewhere.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 08:56:36 +0100

> At 10:53 AM +0100 5/18/03, Jon Kyme wrote:
> >  >
> >>  Interesting that the results vary so much by ISP.  Yahoo accounts are
> >>  pretty valid.  Hotmail accounts are pretty bad.  AOL is quite good.
> >>  Earthlink has a problem.  MSN's slightly better, but still negative.
> >
> >
> >Of course yahoo will say 250 to pretty much anything.
> >So these addresses are "valid" in what sense exactly?
> 
> 
> They said "no" to 16% of the messages I queried them on.  The 
> specific message they used was:
> 
> 553 VS10-RT Possible forgery or deactivated due to abuse (#5.1.1)
> 
> Can you show instances in which they say yes to messages they cannot
> deliver?


Yes. I'm assuming there is no valid yahoo local part corresponding to the
message ID of the mail you sent.

220 YSmtp mta154.mail.scd.yahoo.com ESMTP service ready
helo there
250 mta154.mail.scd.yahoo.com
mail from: <postmaster@merseymail.com>
250 sender <postmaster@merseymail.com> ok
rcpt to: <p06001227baeddbf491c3@yahoo.com>
250 recipient <p06001227baeddbf491c3@yahoo.com> ok


If you wanted to, it would be easy to try this with a set of random
"local-parts".  I normally see yahoo saying "No" after DATA.






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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
To: "Dave Crocker"  <dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 09:19:33 +0100

>>> Can you show instances in which they say yes to messages they cannot
>deliver?
>
>
>VS> I was skeptical of the report that Yahoo defers no-such-user responses
>VS> until the DATA command, and so I made the obvious `telnet ... 25`
>test.
>VS> I tried a perfectly valid message to an address that was very unlikely
>VS> to exist.  The Rcpt_To command was answered with at 250 response.  It
>VS> was not until the end of the DATA command that I got a 5yz.
>
>
>Folks, the email operations world has increasingly moved away from
>real-time processing of SMTP data.
>
>Processing causes delays and SMTP client daemons are impatient. The
>very, very wide range of network delays has compunded the effect of
>these processing delays, constantly causing problematic timeouts.
>
>So the tendency, these days, is to just say 'yes' in the protocol, take
>the addresses and content, store them in a queue, and do any real work
>after the connection closes.
>


The tendency may have been to move away from "real-time processing of SMTP
data", however with the increasing spam burden I wouldn't be surprised to
see the pendulum swing back. Only by making checks at the border can
traffic be rejected as near source as possible.
It's interesting that some MTAs nowadays offer hooks for highly
configurable checking during SMTP transaction (I'm thinking of the
local_scan interface in exim 4). The economics of handling spam
(and spam bounces) can make this very attractive even for high traffic
operations.

It seems sensible that a system should not accept messages that won't be
deliverable. The whole "accept anything / bounce it later" model is not
IMHO the wave of the future, rather expending CPU at the boundary MTA (and
providing the infrastructure to make checks) conserves resources later on.

Of course there are issues with implementation - I seem to remember hotmail
having problems with distributing their user database to their outward
facing MTAs in the past. However, we're all familiar with the sight of
systems failing under the demands of handling *bounces* (to non-existent
senders?) following massive spam runs (dictionary attacks) against them.

 




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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 18 May 2003 17:23:08 MDT."
             <200305182323.h4INN86h010036@calcite.rhyolite.com> 
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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 08:51:31 -0400

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> >   Even worse, there is no proven connection between the spam and the
> > hotmail/yahoo account which is allegedly the sender.  The data are
> > entirely consistent with spammers using lists of verified email
> > addresses to forge 'From:' lines.
> 
> That would be make sense only if the number of hotmail/yahoo spam
> sender addresses were proportional to the number of hotmail/yahoo
> addresses among all targets of spam.

  I disagree.  You're assuming that the spammers will distribute the
'from' addresses evenly among email addresses they have.  I see no
reason why that's true.  I used to receive waves of bounces &
notifications about spam allegedly "from" my domain.  I did *not*
receive a steady trickly of such bounces.

>  Unless you think that most spam targets are at free providers, you
> must assume that spammers have some reason for prefering to send as
> if from free providers.

  Spammers do it, therefore they believe it's useful.  Our ignorance
as to *why* they believe it's useful isn't an argument disproving
their behaviour.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses 
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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 09:02:20 -0400

Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> wrote:
> This issue seems like a minor nit until you notice how many proposed
> spam defenses are based on the assumption that most spam is forged,

  I've seen few defenses which make that assumption explicitely, or
even implicitely.

> so that spammers cannot receive DSNs and spammers are not authorized
> to use the sender addresses or SMTP clients they use.

  Which brings us back to the charter.  Here "authorized" == "consent".

  Q: How does the recipient of an email determine that the domain
     owner of the alleged "From:" consented to send that email?

>  For example, if 90% of spam is forged, then RMX, C/R, and
> authentication schemes could do a lot against spam (modulo their
> other problems).  If only 10% of spam is forged, then those schemes
> are limited to affecting that 10% fringe, albeit a very irritating
> fringe.

  These systems establish a consent framework for communication.  In
my opinion, explicite consent-based frameworks will be the only methods
by which the spam problem is solved.

  And until a better system is presented, it looks like attacking even
only 10% of the problem is the best option we have right now.

  Or do you have a better system you'd like to propose?  If so, I'm
all for dumping RMX, C/R, etc.

  Alan DeKok.
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From: "Alan DeKok" <aland@freeradius.org>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 18 May 2003 20:25:39 PDT."
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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 09:07:03 -0400

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com> wrote:
> So what domains /aren't/ showing up in spam?
> 
> I know striker.ottawa.on.ca has a lot of addresses on a lot of spam lists,
> but checking the last 20,000 spams I received, not a single one 
> has the word "striker" in it anywhere.

  I've talked to people with large spamtraps, and they see do see it.
Not in the same volume as hotmail, though.

  Alan DeKok.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 09:54:32 -0400

At 8:25 PM -0700 5/18/03, Scott Nelson wrote:
>I would expect that /if/ the majority of return addresses are forged,
>then the spammer would pick the domain at random from their collection
>of lists.

As I noted in my mail.  This appears to be happening now--although I 
had not seen symptoms of it before.  Is anyone else starting to see 
low-level occasional bounce back from spam?

Prior to that, all of the bounce-back instances I had heard of or 
experienced (and I used to get one or two a week) were major--where 
the entire spam load got sent out with the same return address.


-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 09:50:55 -0400

At 9:55 PM -0400 5/18/03, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>>They said "no" to 16% of the messages I queried them on.  The 
>>specific message they used was:
>>
>>553 VS10-RT Possible forgery or deactivated due to abuse (#5.1.1)
>>
>>Can you show instances in which they say yes to messages they cannot deliver?
>
>Well they can say yes even though it cannot be delivered - see RFC 
>2821, section 3.3.

Right.  But the question is--do they?

Fortunately it was easy to test.  And the answer is--yes.  Yahoo 
accepts email to addresses that do not exist.  I just made up several 
and got a 250 response to them all.  Needless to say, that throws the 
whole stats thing into complete disarray.

It appears that yahoo is only rejecting messages to addresses that it 
has already identified as being tagged by spammers.  (Thus the 553 
rather than 550 response.)  A check at a later date would be 
interesting, since they might have identified more.  But the response 
comes not just for abuse, but also for forgery, so that doesn't prove 
anything.  About the best I can do is mark hosts as to whether or not 
they normally do immediate rejects, and disregard those hosts that 
don't.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 09:58:35 -0400

At 9:48 PM -0600 5/18/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>I don't want to imply or guess anything about those "too may test
>messages," but it's worth noting something that too many people
>conveniently forget or feel doesn't apply to their Special Needs.
>Spam is never justified by any goal or desire of the spammer,
>including any sort of surveying, testing, or avoiding spam.

I was replying to mail sent to the wormalert@somewhere.com hoax.  The 
message made it extremely clear (I spent a lot of time fine tuning 
it) in the first line that I was replying to mail they had sent me. 
It didnt' matter.

Initially I was doing a reply-all.  That got me in trouble real fast. 
I switched to just doing a normal reply--but I was still getting 
complaints and getting shut out by some servers.  So I gave up and 
bounced it with an extended bounce message.  That does not appear to 
have resulted in any spam complaints--although it gets ignored far 
more.

So.  Is it spam to send people email asking them to stop abusing your 
email server?  Not by any stretch I can imagine.  But in today's 
hair-trigger environment--it gets treated like it.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 08:46:55 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> ...
> So.  Is it spam to send people email asking them to stop abusing your 
> email server?  Not by any stretch I can imagine. 

Nor in mine, provided you only ask one or two people instead of using
a so called "bitch list" of dozens to literally hundreds of addresses
of people at the other outfit who have nothing to do with it.

>                                                   But in today's 
> hair-trigger environment--it gets treated like it.

Especially when the message is unexpected and comes from somewhere.com.

I wonder if you would have had the same results if you'd sent the
complaints from some other domain name.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
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Subject: [Asrg] Could/Should/Must law require mechanism?
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    One of the problems we have in solving the spam problem is that
adoption of the required mechanisms, once defined, will be voluntary.
This is the way of the Internet and has served us well all these years.
But, will it stay that way? Can it stay that way?
    Many of the proposals for stopping spam require that originators,
destinations and sometimes even intermediaries cooperate in some
specific way. Given the vast number of mail servers, DNS servers, etc.
it is likely that any mechanism that requires such agreement will take a
very long time to put in place. Also, the benefits of the mechanism will
be slow in being realized since systems will have to be tolerant of slow
adopters for a very long time.
    You could have a "solution" to the spam problem today, but if it
relies on cooperation from multiple components in the network, the slow
adoption curve could make your method worthless. On the other hand, if
the adoption curve could be accelerated, your method might have value.
    While we see all sorts of attempts to pass legislation making spam
illegal, I haven't yet seen anyone discussing legislation requiring that
specific anti-spam mechanisms or protocols be deployed. The rules of the
Internet, unlike those of the telephony system, the airwaves, or our
highways, have been largely voluntary. However, the Internet has become
just as much a "common" good as are these other communications channels.
Given the tremendous backlash against spam that we've seen lately, I
wouldn't be surprised if we began to see proposals requiring that
specific mechanisms be used to combat it. Just as new laws restricting
civil liberties have been "collateral damage" of the anti-terrorism
effort, new laws reducing the voluntary nature of Internet standards may
be "collateral damage" of the anti-spam effort.
    We have already seen people write legislation that would make
illegal the forging of FROM: addresses, requiring "ADV" in bulk mail
subjects, etc. These proposals, which seek to constrain the way in which
existing voluntary standards are used, are getting very, very close to
mandating that a specific standard be used. What if they go just a
little step farther?
    Hadmut thinks that RMX will save the day, at least in part, if only
people used it. How should we react to a proposal that it be *required*
in one country or another? Some folk have been arguing for S/MIME for
years... Could its use be required by law? Should it? The adoption of
PKI for signatures has been terribly slow but if accelerated, it might
help us solve the spam problem. Could legislation speed it up?
    Note: I am not suggesting that network protocol design be made the
subject of legislation. It is hard enough to do in the IETF... Doing
network design in Congress, parliament, etc. is going to be a
"challenge..." I'm just pointing out that current trends could be
leading us in this direction. The result might be a reduction in spam,
but also a fundamental change in the way that the Internet evolves and
is governed. The spammers may take more from us then bandwidth, time,
and disk space...

        bob wyman

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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 09:47:42 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> >I would expect that /if/ the majority of return addresses are forged,
> >then the spammer would pick the domain at random from their collection
> >of lists.
>
> As I noted in my mail.  This appears to be happening now--although I 
> had not seen symptoms of it before.  Is anyone else starting to see 
> low-level occasional bounce back from spam?
>
> Prior to that, all of the bounce-back instances I had heard of or 
> experienced (and I used to get one or two a week) were major--where 
> the entire spam load got sent out with the same return address.

For more than a year I've heard from ISPs asking how to make the DCC
filter such bounces because they upset users.  For years there have
been occassional reports in news.admin.net-abuse.email of such bounces
and speculations that some spammers apply the obvious tactic of using
their target lists for their sender addresses.  I've occassionally
received such bounces.  The question isn't whether it happens, since
that's long settled, but how often it happens, and what if anything
people trying to stop spam should do in response.

Spam characteristics ebb and flow.  It's important to avoid making
generalizations from a single wave or one high tide.  Two or three weeks
ago I was seeing a more forged senders in my traps.  Within the last
week, that wave has broken and I've noticed an increase in spammer using
their own domains in Mail_From values.  I could speculate that sounds
from the FTC and New York have motivated a shift in tactics or that
Hotmail or Yahoo are doing something, but that would only be speculation.

Other recent waves include:

  - base64 encoding increased so much a month or two ago that I added
     special hand tools to the set I use to watch my spam traps.
     Those tools became important.  This week I've rarely used them.

  - the wave of <!-->HTML comment<--> spam has definitely crested.

  - some recent spam contains HTTP HREF URLs of the form
     http://xxx.example.com__foobar
    Does some HTML-aware MUA treat '__' like '/'?

  - some recent spam contains several purely garbage URLs in HREFs or
   two valid ones.  They're not even hidden (e.g. <A HREF="asdf"></A>)
   What's the point of telling spam targets to "click on this" when it
   is pure garbage?

  - I've finally seen what others have mentioned, "hashbusters" in
   HTML tables instead of bounded by <font></font> or other screens.
   The tables look perfectly valid and so visible to spam targets.
   So what's the point?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: [Asrg] News Article - MailBlocks, Patents and Prior Art
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Take a look at this CNET news article, it addresses the fact that 
MailBlocks claims patents on ALL C/R systems:

http://news.com.com/2010-1032_3-1003921.html

----snip-----
In-boxes that fight back
By Declan McCullagh
May 19, 2003, 4:00 AM PT
http://news.com.com/2010-1032-1003921.html

If you're overwhelmed by spam like the rest of us, there aren't any really 
terrific solutions.

You can try smarter spam filters, though you'll still have to verify that 
legit mail isn't swept up among the dross. You can switch to a new e-mail 
address and pray that nobody except friends and family ever learn it. Or 
wait a few years for micropayments, small cash payments required to deliver 
an e-mail that could make it uneconomical for spammers to annoy us.

But the spam-blocking technique that's attracted the most attention among 
start-ups recently is a very simple one: Challenge-response (CR) 
technology. When your mailbox is protected by a CR system, anyone who tries 
to contact you will be greeted with a response saying something like "click 
on this link to deliver this message" or "type in the word you see in the 
box above." Well-designed CR utilities won't challenge mail from known 
correspondents or mail that you specifically asked to receive.

The problem with CR systems is that one company, Mailblocks of Los Altos, 
Calif., claims to own all rights to the concept and hopes to prevent anyone 
else from selling such a system without paying hefty licensing fees.

Mailblocks has purchased two patents, 6,199,102 (filed in 1997) and 
6,112,227 (filed in 1998), and has been aggressive in wielding them against 
competitors. Mailblocks' targets so far include Seattle-based SpamArrest 
and EarthLink (after the Internet provider said it would begin offering CR 
technology to subscribers by the end of May). Mailblocks has asked for a 
preliminary injunction in both suits.

Phil Goldman, Mailblocks' chief executive, is no stranger to the 
rough-and-tumble world of start-up companies. He got rich when he and two 
partners co-founded WebTV and sold the unprofitable venture to Microsoft in 
1997 for a handy $425 million. (Anyone think he might be eyeing the same 
exit strategy again?)

But Goldman has a problem. He's betting his company on the validity of the 
two patents, both of which are questionable because of other work that was 
published well before the filing dates of the Mailblocks patents.

Under U.S. law, a patent is invalid if either of these conditions apply: If 
the "invention was known or used by others in this country...before the 
invention thereof by the applicant for patent" or if it was "described in a 
printed publication" more than a year prior to the date the patent was filed.

These services might be able to convince consumers to switch over to them. 
They might not. But they deserve the chance to try.
That's catastrophically bad news for Mailblocks. In 1992, five years before 
the first Mailblocks-owned patent was requested, Cynthia Dwork and Moni 
Naor of IBM Research published an amazingly prescient paper. It began with 
this paragraph that rings true today: "Some time ago one of us returned 
from a brief vacation, only to find 241 messages in our reader. While junk 
mail has long been a nuisance in hard (snail) mail, we believe that 
electronic junk mail presents a much greater problem. In particular, the 
ease and low cost of sending electronic mail, and in particular the 
simplicity of sending the same message to many parties, all but invite 
abuse. In this paper we suggest a computational approach to combatting the 
proliferation of electronic mail. More generally, we have designed an 
access control mechanism that can be used whenever it is desirable to 
restrain, but not prohibit, access to a resource."

Dwork and Naor even envisioned a "frequent correspondent list of senders 
from whom messages are accepted without verification." Naor expanded on 
this idea in a September 1996 article titled "Verification of a human in 
the loop or Identification via the Turing Test." That's a reference to the 
great British mathematician Alan Turing, who in 1950 described a test to 
distinguish a human from a machine.

By Aug. 28, 1997, when Christopher Alan Cobb filed for his patent that 
eventually was purchased by Mailblocks, the challenge-response idea had 
become commonplace on the Internet:

Brad Templeton, co-founder of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, had 
written his Viking-12 CR utility and was using it. Templeton says he'd be 
delighted to testify on behalf of EarthLink to help the company invalidate 
the Mailblocks patent.

Over a year earlier, Brent Chapman's majordomo, the popular mailing list 
software, included a CR feature.

A November 1996 post to Usenet's news.admin.net-abuse.usenet newsgroup 
talks about a "random challenge that is very easy for a human to respond 
to, but next to impossible for a computer." Another from January 1997 
describes an e-mail "spam block 'bot" that was so effective "I've received 
hate mail from spammers concerning it," and a third post describes a 
commercial product called the Deadbolt Personal E-mail Filter.

Mailblocks' Goldman admits that there were prior publications, but argues 
that at least some portions of his patents remain valid. "The patents have 
very specific claims in them," Goldman told me. "The claims are different 
than the types of things people have been doing before. Maybe here and 
there, they're the same so not 100 percent of the claims are valid, but 
many of them are. Patents aren't really invalid or valid until you test 
them. We're in the unfortunate position where we're testing them."

We'll find out whether Goldman is right after a federal judge rules on his 
request for injunctions against SpamArrest and EarthLink. But it's worth 
highlighting the harm that software patents can inflict when they're used 
to assert exclusive ownership over portions of products already on the 
market. Free software developers learned that lesson the hard way after 
seemingly endless struggles over the Lempel Ziv Welch compression algorithm 
used in GIF files (owned by Unisys) and the MP3 encoding patent (owned by 
Thomson Multimedia).

Whether we like them or not, CR systems are set to become wildly popular 
really soon. They're easy to program and the market remains wide open. And 
like any new industry, CR companies have encountered growing pains: 
SpamArrest spammed advertisements to people who e-mailed its customers; 
Mailblocks' hastily amended initial privacy policy said "you may not 'opt 
out' of the receipt of such promotional materials from Mailblocks and/or 
its affiliates, advertisers or other business partners"; Mail-block.com (an 
unrelated company) has been blocked by Outblaze.com for spamming; 
MailWiper.com has been caught spamming; MailFrontier.com hasn't handled 
mailing list subscriptions properly.

These services might be able to convince consumers to switch over to them. 
They might not. But they deserve the chance to try. Mailblocks should 
abandon its legally dubious patent lawsuits against its competitors and 
compete fairly in the marketplace. At just $10 a year, its service is 
reasonably priced, and it has some features, like integration with Outlook, 
that its competitors don't.

Mailblocks should do the right thing--the future of our in-boxes may depend 
on it.

Copyright ©1995-2003 CNET Networks, Inc. All rights reserved.
----snip-------------

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> If you mandate the use of an MD5 checksum in the X-CM-Receipient field or
> some similar mechanism instead of a plain email address, this
> might reduce
> the problem.

Not sure this is soemthing we would mandate here...may advise..or would see
successful implementations use..but not sure it should be mandated.

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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 13:13:42 -0400

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

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Ok, this is still a framework document..not to be considered a proposed
draft...just a tumbleweed.  If this initiative progresses, then I'll format
it and discuss with the chair about proposing it as a draft.  Until then,
it's intentionally left in it's current unambiguous form.

The scope keeps narrowing down from a C/R system model to a C/R system
interworking model.  I'm happy with that.  In fact, I believe there is still
more fat to trim..but we'll get there.  In the spirit of Kee Hinckley's
signature quote, less is more.

I am not interested in placing restrictions on C/R systems...I am interested
in having them interoperate..and even more so in having them interoperate
automatically. If vendors can't find smart ways to implement systems using
the guidelines we propose then they won't be vendors for long.

There were some questions about the size of recipient email addresses:
RFC2821 says 64 char for username, 256 char for domain and 512 for the
command line is 512 chars..though MIME doesn't have such
restrictions..except 1000 chars for line...regardless..there isn't a
problem..

-Eric

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Draft-irtf-asrg-cri-**.txt 					Authors: Eric Dean et.al

Challenge Response System Interworking Model

Abstract
RFC821 was designed simply deliver email messages without authenticating =
sources or senders of email messages.  In an effort to reduce sources of =
spam on the Internet, Challenge Response ("C/R") email systems provide a =
method for validting message origination for a designated recipient.  =
This document defines an interworking method for Challenge Response =
"C/R" systems by proposing the use of MIME experimental content-type =
values for C/R control at either the server or client system level.  For =
compatibility purposes with non-C/R interworking systems this document =
addresses a set of guidelines for user intervention with existing mail =
systems and clients.

Introduction
Challenge Response systems attempt to authenticate senders and determine =
if each sender originated a message to a designated recipient.  This =
document identifies MIME experimental content-type values for allowing =
automated C/R system interworking.  In addition, this document provides =
a loose guideline for user intervention C/R interworking.  C/R systems =
try to determine whether a sender email address is valid and whether =
that sender originally sent a message to a designated recipient.  A C/R =
email system or client software supporting the C/R MIME experimental =
content-type values would optionally automatically respond to C/R =
challenge messages using challenge response methods defined herein. If =
C/R messages are not supported by the original sender's system, then =
challenge messages would be delivered to the user for manual action.  =
This document identifies C/R MIME experimental content-type values for =
automated C/R system interworking and provides guidelines for a user =
manual intervention C/R method.

Purposes
-Provides a standard method for automatically handling challenge =
messages and responses
-Provide loop avoidance methods
-Provides guidelines for supporting incompatible software systems
-Provides a level of security to prevent brute force attacks
-Not an authentication method for email delivery or security protocol

Challenge Response Model
The C/R interworking model is based upon a method whereby a sender sends =
a message to a recipient's SMTP server.  The recipient's SMTP server =
either produces a challenge message or forwards the original message to =
a recipient's client software that produces a challenge message.  The =
resultant challenge message is sent to the original sender.  If the =
sender's C/R SMTP server supports C/R methods, then the original =
sender's SMTP server may automatically respond to the challenge message. =
 Otherwise, the original sender's server should forward the message to =
the original sender.  If the original sender's client system supports =
C/R methods, then the original sender's client software may =
automatically respond to the challenge message.  In the event that =
neither the server nor client software are C/R compatible, the C/R =
message should contain clear instructions to the original sender =
instructing how to appropriately respond to the challenge request.


-------------------------------------------------------------


       ----------------------------------------
       |                                       |
       |                                       v =20
       v       +----------+                +----------+
   +------+    |          |                |          |    +------+
   | User |<-->|          |       C/R      |          |<-->| User |
   +------+    |  Sender- |Commands/Replies| Receiver-|    +------+
   +------+    |SMTP/HTTP |<-------------->|SMTP/HTTP |C/R +------+
   |Client|<-->|          |                |          |<-->|Client|
   |System|    |          |                |          |    |System|
   +------+    +----------+                +----------+    +------+
  =20

                Sender-SMTP                Receiver-SMTP

                           Model for C/R Use

                                Figure 1

     -------------------------------------------------------------


Challenge Message
The Challenge Message contains MIME experimental content-type values =
defined herein.  The Challenge Message will consist of a single MIME =
header containing two values separated by a comma.  The first value will =
identify the original recipient and the second value will identify the =
response string.  The following MIME experimental content-type values =
are required for C/R interworking:

X-CM:'Recipient','Response String'

The X-CM values are defined as follows:
Recipient: Identifies the original recipient of the message that is =
issuing the challenge message.
Response String: Identifies an authentication string unique to that =
sender-recipient pair that ensures the challenge response is from the =
original sender.

If an original sender sends to multiple recipients on the same C/R =
server, then the server can issue the challenge message with multiple =
listed X-CM header.  Therefore, multiple X-CM headers can be included in =
a single challenge message.

The sender of the C/R message must be a valid RFC 2821 sender address.  =
In the event that a server-based mail system is performing C/R, then the =
challenge should be sent with an email address local to that server.  If =
multiple servers are delivering email, then the challenge message can be =
forwarded to peer servers if other synchronization mechanisms are not in =
place. =20

If client software is performing the C/R, then the challenge message =
should be sent with a sender email address local to that email client.  =
If neither the original sender's server nor client software support C/R =
interoperability, then the challenge message should contain as a message =
that clearly instructs the user how to perform a manual challenge =
response.  Typically, clicking on an embedded HREF or a simple reply-to =
is sufficient for the original sender to manually reply.

Challenge Response
For C/R compatible systems that support the MIME experimental =
content-type values, the challenge response mechanism may be automated.  =
The following MIME experimental content-type values are required for C/R =
interoperability:

X-CR:'Response'

The X-CR response values are defined as
V=3D'Response String'  This C/R response value is sent to the =
originating C/R system to validate ("V") that the original sender had =
sent a message to the X-CM Recipient.  The response string that was =
originally supplied with the challenge message is returned prepended by =
a code, "V=3D", to signify that the original sender had sent a message =
to the designated recipient.

I=3D'Response String'  This C/R response value is sent to the =
originating C/R system to invalidate ("I") that the original sender had =
not sent a message to the X-CM Recipient.  The response string that was =
originally supplied with the challenge message is returned prepended by =
a code, "I=3D", to signify that the original sender had not sent a =
message to the designated recipient.

Multiple X-CM and X-CR headers can be sent in a single message.

Mail Lists
Challenge messages should not be sent to mailing lists however it is =
anticipated that C/R would be an ideal tool for mailing list =
subscription.  Proper identification and handling of user subscribed =
mailing lists is essential for C/R interworking.  While no standard =
exists for identifying mailing lists, many common methods include use a =
variety of headers and doing so remains implementation specific.

Loop avoidance
C/R systems should not issue challenge messages when C/R headers are =
present.  In order to maintain compatibility with non-C/R interworking =
systems, it is recommended that each C/R system remain stateful in =
monitoring challenge message sent to original senders.  For C/R systems =
that issue challenge messages, it is also recommended that each C/R =
system use a local user for issuing challenges rather than preserving =
the original sender's email address as the sender of the challenge =
message.  Doing so, allows for loop avoidance to be handled using =
standard double-bounce methods where appropriate.  For client-based C/R =
software, loop avoidance may be handled using additonal stateful means =
of tracking outgoing mail.
=20
References

   [RFC-2821] Klensin, J., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", RFC
   2821, AT&T Laboratories, April, 2001.

   [RFC-2822] Resnick, P., "Internet Message Format", RFC 2822, QUALCOMM =
Incorporated, April 2001.

   [RFC-934] Rose, M., and E. Stefferud, "Proposed Standard for Message
   Encapsulation", RFC 934, Delaware and NMA, January 1985.

   [RFC-1049] Sirbu, M., "Content-Type Header Field for Internet
   Messages", STD 11, RFC 1049, CMU, March 1988.

   [RFC-1344] Borenstein, N., "Implications of MIME for Internet
   Mail Gateways", RFC 1344, Bellcore, June 1992.

   [RFC-2045] Borenstein, N., and N. Freed, "Multipurpose Internet Mail =
Extensions (MIME) Part One:
   Format of Internet Message Bodies", RFC 1341, Innosoft, First =
Virtual, Nov 1996.



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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Scott Nelson'" <scott@spamwolf.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 06:06:53 -0700

The FROM address is being choosen to maximize the probability
the email is opened.

People trust what they know. They know AOL, Hotmail, yahoo.
It would be interesting to see whether the YAH addresses
decline over the next few months as they step up enforcement
on the legal front.


	Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Scott Nelson [mailto:scott@spamwolf.com]
> Sent: Sunday, May 18, 2003 11:26 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
> 
> 
> At 07:52 PM 5/18/03 -0600, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> >> From: Michael Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>
> >
> >> ad> Even worse, there is no proven connection between the 
> spam and the
> >> ad> hotmail/yahoo account which is allegedly the sender.  
> The data are
> >> ad> entirely consistent with spammers using lists of verified email
> >> ad> addresses to forge 'From:' lines.
> >>
> >> vs> That would be make sense only if the number of 
> hotmail/yahoo spam
> >> vs> sender addresses were proportional to the number of 
> hotmail/yahoo
> >> vs> addresses among all targets of spam.
> >
> >
> >> Wouldn't this objection only apply if you assume that spammers are
> >> selecting MAIL FROM: addresses uniformly?  That is, if you 
> assume each
> >> address in their lists is given equal probability?
> >
> >That's my point.  Spam source addresses are obviously not uniformly
> >distributed accross domain names.  Unless you make surprising
> >assumptions about spam target addresses, they are not uniformly
> >distributed accross those either.
> >
> >Why is that?  It cannot be because free provider mailboxes are harder
> >to check for validity.  Many large corporate domain names give no
> >indication that an invented address is bogus during the SMTP 
> transaction.
> >(Think about corporate MX servers and firewalls to see not only why
> >that is but why it must be, at least as SMTP is practised today.)
> >
> >It also cannot be because free provider addresses are good sender
> >addresses for spam, because a noticable albeit small minority of
> >organizations are like Rhyolite Software and reject all mail
> >apparently from strangers at free providers.  If you're going to
> >pick a random domain name, it would be better to pick any of the
> >Fortune 1000 not associated with a free provider.
> >
> 
> I would expect that /if/ the majority of return addresses are forged, 
> then the spammer would pick the domain at random from their collection
> of lists.
> 
> If that's right, and if a lot of spam is being forged, 
> (both are untested assumptions) 
> then the majority of forged spam would come from the domains which
> appear most often on the lists.  I.e. since there are many more 
> "big domain" email addresses, they would get forged more often.
> But the small domains would be forged sometimes.
> 
> So what domains /aren't/ showing up in spam?
> 
> I know striker.ottawa.on.ca has a lot of addresses on a lot 
> of spam lists,
> but checking the last 20,000 spams I received, not a single one 
> has the word "striker" in it anywhere.
> No fortune 1000 domains either.
> For the addresses checked, there was only one exception to 
> the rule that 
> spam has a return address that can be purchased for less than 
> $25.00 US,
> and that exception is notable.
> It's spamcop.net, who claims to have been joe-jobbed.
> 
> 
> Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Vernon Schryver'" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Removing the incentive to spam
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> There's no law that says that "content-filters" can't recognize
> identical pictures.  Spam pictures are likely to vary less than spam
> URLs pointing to pictures.  That's not to say that spam pictures won't
> vary, but that the easiest variations in URLs such as %-encoding and
> user:password@ are lost if you send the picture instead of a pointer
> to the picture.

There are a lot of programs already in use that create custom images.
So basically the cost of sending each message goes up by one GIF
compression.

There are ways of detecting images that have been slightly modified 
but they are very CPU intensive.

> Such changes will cause fewer total graphics in all mail, if you count
> URLs pointing to pictures as "graphics," as I think you must.  Some
> people who now include completely unneeded pictures, logos, icons,
> and so forth will think twice when their mail bloats by 50 or 500
> KBytes.  Note that I wrote "some people" instead of "everyone." Many
> people won't notice or understand, at least not a first. 

To first order the only people who will notice are people who are on 
dialup. The majority of Internet users would not know a megabyte if
it hit them in the middle of the street.

> If at first
> there are significantly more graphics, outfits like MSN and Hotmail
> will have bloating disk space reasons figure out how to let their
> users know.  For example, they might make the "Size" indications in
> folders harder to ignore, or they might expire big messages sooner.

More likely they will only accept large images from sources that 
authenticate themselves in some fashion.

The killer app for Hotmail is sending pictures of cousin Neville to
aunt Mabel, neither of whom know anything about computers.


	Phill
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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: "'Hallam-Baker, Phillip'" <pbaker@verisign.com>,
        "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] News Article - MailBlocks, Patents and Prior Art
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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 15:42:57 -0400
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Phillip Hallam-Baker wrote:
> If the applicant was aware of prior art in the field before 
> the patent was issued and failed to bring it to the notice 
> of the patent examiner the patent can be invalidated in its entirety.
	What is being discussed here is what is known as the "Duty of
Candor." See:
http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/mpep_e8_2000.pdf

"Each individual associated with the filing and prosecution of a patent
application has a duty of candor and good faith in dealing with the
Office, which includes a duty to disclose to the Office all information
known to that individual to be material to patentability..." If you can
prove a breach of the Duty of Candor, you can get the patent
invalidated. 

	One method that people sometimes use as a defensive strategy is,
upon discovering a patent application for which they know there is prior
art, to send a notice of the existance of the prior art to the inventor
and/or his attorneys. At this point, the applicants are essentially
forced to forward the notice to the patent examiner. If they don't and
subsequently receive a patent, you can get the patent invalidated even
if the prior art you sent them was not "determinative". i.e. All you
have to do is prove that they didn't forward something about which they
were aware but which would have been considered "material" by a patent
examiner.
	The danger in doing this is that the applicant may forward your
notice of prior art to the patent examiner but somehow convince the
examiner that it is not sufficient to invalidate the claims. (Note: you
cannot participate in the review and have no way to counter any
arguments made by the applicant.) This essentially kills the value of
the prior art since courts typically don't overrule decisions made by
examiners -- i.e. the courts' preference is to give deference to
adminstrative rulings... 

		bob wyman

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From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] News Article - MailBlocks, Patents and Prior Art
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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 09:43:59 -0700

There is actually a third way to get a patent disqualified, and it can
affect ALL the patent claims.

If the applicant was aware of prior art in the field before the patent was
issued and failed to bring it to the notice of the patent examiner the
patent can be invalidated in its entirety.

If the US courts were more aggressive in enforcing this there would be much
less of a problem with abusive patents.

	Phill

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com]
> Sent: Monday, May 19, 2003 12:12 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] News Article - MailBlocks, Patents and Prior Art
> 
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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> From: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>

> The FROM address is being choosen to maximize the probability
> the email is opened.
>
> People trust what they know. They know AOL, Hotmail, yahoo.
> It would be interesting to see whether the YAH addresses
> decline over the next few months as they step up enforcement
> on the legal front.

Is an address like wndu4mja@yahoo.com better known than an address
like wndu4mja@cnn.com?  Given the flood of spam, are most users more
likely to open mail from wndu4mja@yahoo.com, wndu4mja@cnn.com, or
wndu4mja@obscure.com?  The answers clearly favor spammers using
wndu4mja@cnn.com.  That they could use wndu4mja@cnn.com but don't is
almost certainly not a coincidence.

AOL has a very long history of enforcement on the legal front.  Why
haven't spammers been paying attention?  My answer is that AOL stopped
launching lawyers for a few years or perhaps AOL is again giving away
free, spam-all-you-want-for-40-day drop-boxes because they are no
longer checking credit card numbers.

If the legal front matters to spammers, then the long established laws
against header forgery as well as civil actions such as flowers.com
case should also matter.  Those should cause spammers to look for ways
to legitimately own their sending addresses.  The easiest way to do
that is to use free provider drop-boxes.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] ASRG as a source of spam?
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Shannon Jacobs wrote:

> The unfortunate result of our collective inability to deal
> constructively with the spam problem from a technical perspective will
> doubtless be attempts at legislative cures that will most likely be
> worse than the disease.

It is regrettable that the writer and apparently most of the ASRG think
that the only two available options are technical and legislative. A
third, better option exists - industry self-regulation. If the
businesses who are involved in providing e-mail services had established
multilateral agreements like those already in use by other comparable
industry groups, spam would be an extant but minor issue and we would
not even be here discussing pure technical and legislative - bad and
worse - solutions.

To be fair, however, I agree with the writer that the tools the industry
needs to effectively self-regulate - blacklists, whitelists, filters,
unforgeable and non-replayable certs, etc. - already exist. The problems
with them lie not in the technical arena, but in their implementation
outside a framework of multilateral agreements such as I just suggested.

-LM

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>
> >  For example, if 90% of spam is forged, then RMX, C/R, and
> > authentication schemes could do a lot against spam (modulo their
> > other problems).

It's not a large step to estimate that 90% of spam is forged.
1) However, much of that spam can be filtered using simple sender domain
checks.  Many spammers use bogus domains and maybe 5-10% of spam is dropped
accordingly.
2) The next value is to do a HELO hostname check..about 10-20% is dropped as
well.  However, there are casualities for very large companies...such as
bellsouth and verizon whereby I have to punch holes in my filters.
3) Then I could be more aggressive and apply a reverse-dns check on the
initiating source IP.  Doing so is also effective, however, all DSL and
carrier Dial networks in-addr their IP pools...yet many mail admins don't.
I have aout another 5-10% of my spam come from unresolved IPs..but instantly
the phones light up..cost me money..and I'm out of business.  The tough-love
approach is suicidal stupidity.
4) Then OK, so now we go with RBL, to identify the pools..that'll
work..costs non-trivial money..but it works for that flavor of spam..maybe
5%.

Then I get plenty of spam from valid random domains, with valid senders (at
least reply with SMTP OK), random IPs, reverse-DNS mappings (maybe
overseas), valid HELO..everything marries up..and I still get 1-2
spams/second.

So, I stopped looking at the logs because it depresses me..and I do
something stupid like try to blacklist someone..or scan  my bounce queue for
http://  links or HREFs to indicate that there was some sort of
solicitation.  Trying to identify a pattern for spam is like writing an
equation for the Niagra Falls.  John Forbes Nash Jr was more successful than
I was in identifying textual patterns.

My lesson in futility was that the only successful anti-spam method is a
distributed one.

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Those addresses are also used because you can't simply block email from
aol.com..not unless you want tech support costs rising directly proportional
to customer attrition.

In addition, spammers can spam those internal networks with their own
addresses because of non-standard mailing list implementations.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Hallam-Baker, Phillip
> Sent: Monday, May 19, 2003 9:07 AM
> To: 'Scott Nelson'; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
>
>
> The FROM address is being choosen to maximize the probability
> the email is opened.
>
> People trust what they know. They know AOL, Hotmail, yahoo.
> It would be interesting to see whether the YAH addresses
> decline over the next few months as they step up enforcement
> on the legal front.
>

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From: "Shannon Jacobs" <shanen@acm.org>
To: <Asrg@ietf.org>
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Well, I'm not quite gone yet...

Chui Tey wrote:
> Shannon's email caught my attention. The following is a link to his
> article, published on the ACM.
>
> http://www.acm.org/ubiquity/views/s_jacobs_2.html
>
> I don't really get what he is trying to say though. He seems to think
> the server already knows what is spam and what isn't. This just isn't
> the case.

Quite an ancient article, and focused on a purely technical solution. Part
of it is related to some of the filtering algorithms in use now (though I
don't think the technique was in use at that time), but the other part was a
suggestion to modify the MX record system to maximize the effectiveness of
filtering. By increasing the volume of spam at the filtering computers, you
would also increase the probability of reliably detecting the spam.

I'm not repudiating the ideas, but I have come to regard the purely
technical solutions as part of a never-ending and ever escalating war. The
real problem is economic--the spammers think they are dividing by zero, so
ANY return on their "zero investment" seems infinitely large.


> There are some forum discussions as well.
<snip>
> Warning: The discussions are of a pretty low quality, compared to
> what runs on this list.

I concur with your assessment of the quality of those discussions and had
hoped for better within the ACM environment. The idea of Ubiquity is
interesting, but didn't seem to be going anywhere, and I haven't written
anything for them in quite a while. I think the main problems are lack of
search tools and lack of editing, but that's getting off of the topic of
spam.


<snip>
> Assuming that we live in a landscape where 99% of emails are spam,
> how do we identify that our outgoing emails are legitimate? We need a
> standard way to signal:
>
> a) Please let this mail through. It is important to me. I have
> expended X amount of effort or money, here's the proof.
> b) If your filter refused to let this mail through, please notify me
> so that I can try another method. This is important to me. I have
> expended X amount of effort or money, here's the proof.
> c) Please let this mail through, I would like to permit the SMTP
> server to publish my IP address on the email so that the recipients
> filter could verify that I am not a spammer.
>
> Micropayments made to a charitable organization could be a worthy
> goal. Perhaps, organizations such as Medicines San Frontiers could
> sign our messages on a per receiver basis, or issue one-use tickets?
> This is just so that we could get our emails through if we are
> corresponding with a new party for the first time.

I've seen other proposals for charity postage, but I think that is
fundamentally at odds with the realities. The spammers are certainly not
doing it for charity, and we shouldn't try to fight fire with light bulbs.
However, I've already said that I think the obvious solution is to provide
an alternative cash-up-front email system. There are plenty of things wrong
with snail mail, but it does work quite effectively in limiting the volume
of physical spam we receive

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From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
>Given the tremendous backlash against spam that we've seen lately, I
>wouldn't be surprised if we began to see proposals requiring that
>specific mechanisms be used to combat it. Just as new laws restricting
>civil liberties have been "collateral damage" of the anti-terrorism
>effort, new laws reducing the voluntary nature of Internet standards may
>be "collateral damage" of the anti-spam effort.

Another possibility would be that as the spam problem matures (and,
assuming no silver bullet) what we're likely to see are lawsuits based
on what the courts will accept as unreasonable negligence causing
damage to another party.

I think a climate with that as a factor would motivate changes in
minimal standards pretty quickly.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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At 6:00 AM +0900 5/20/03, Shannon Jacobs wrote:
>However, I've already said that I think the obvious solution is to provide
>an alternative cash-up-front email system. There are plenty of things wrong
>with snail mail, but it does work quite effectively in limiting the volume
>of physical spam we receive

How would you make the transition to the system?  For some period of 
time, anyone who has committed to the new system cannot afford to 
discard normal SMTP mail.  That is a commitment of time, software 
installation, money (for software and/or sending mail), and risk 
(some other solution could succeed). During that period of time he's 
getting just as much spam, but is paying more.  How do you persuade 
people to ignore the negative economics of being an early adopter?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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> It is regrettable that the writer and apparently most of the 
> ASRG think
> that the only two available options are technical and legislative. A
> third, better option exists - industry self-regulation. 

These people are in general outright criminals peddling schemes
that are outright criminal. This is not an 'industry'.

You do not rely on people with criminal convictions for Cocaine
trafficing and money laundering abiding by self-regulation.

The guys sending penis creams, porno adverts, money making schemes,
offers to sell hijacked software, identity theft scams etc. have
this type of connection.

The quantities of 'spam' from remotely legitimate businesses is
such a small proportion of the total that we can worry about that
after the criminal spam senders are locked up.


		Phill


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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 17:30:14 -0400




> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hallam-Baker, Phillip [mailto:pbaker@verisign.com] 
> Sent: Monday, May 19, 2003 5:01 PM
> To: 'Larry Marks'; Shannon Jacobs; Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] ASRG as a source of spam?
> 

> 
> The guys sending penis creams, porno adverts, money making 
> schemes, offers to sell hijacked software, identity theft 
> scams etc. have this type of connection.

Do you have valid data that supports this claim?

> The quantities of 'spam' from remotely legitimate businesses 
> is such a small proportion of the total that we can worry 
> about that after the criminal spam senders are locked up.

Upon what data is this statement based?

For example, Brightmail spam categorization data shows:

Products 25%
Adult 19%
Financial 20%
Scams 9%
Internet 7%
Health 7%
Leisure 6%
Spirtual 4%
Other 3%

Ken S.(or others from Brightmail): Can you provide a little more explanation
about how these numbers are derived? For example, what is the sample size?
Are messages classified based on content lists? How are the content lists
created?


Anyone else have similar stats?

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I think the last laugh will be spammers rotting in jail cells trying
to prove that some particularly illegal spam *wasn't* theirs when
they've made a career of cloaking their identity, but the evidence
fits.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*
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> From: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>

> > >  For example, if 90% of spam is forged, then RMX, C/R, and
> > > authentication schemes could do a lot against spam (modulo their
> > > other problems).
>
> It's not a large step to estimate that 90% of spam is forged.

What justifies that step?  The available numbers and simple logic seem
to say that something quite different.


> 1) However, much of that spam can be filtered using simple sender domain
> checks.  Many spammers use bogus domains and maybe 5-10% of spam is dropped
> accordingly.

That's not what I see.  About 192 or 0.6% of the last 27,972 spam
caught by my traps had bogus sender domain names.  Since modern
versions of sendmail and other MTAs usually require that the sender
domain exist, the surprise is that even that small amount of spam
has bogus sender domains.


> 2) The next value is to do a HELO hostname check..about 10-20% is dropped as
> well.  However, there are casualities for very large companies...such as
> bellsouth and verizon whereby I have to punch holes in my filters.
> 3) Then I could be more aggressive and apply a reverse-dns check on the
> initiating source IP.  Doing so is also effective, however, all DSL and
> carrier Dial networks in-addr their IP pools...yet many mail admins don't.
> I have aout another 5-10% of my spam come from unresolved IPs..but instantly
> the phones light up..cost me money..and I'm out of business.  The tough-love
> approach is suicidal stupidity.
> 4) Then OK, so now we go with RBL, to identify the pools..that'll
> work..costs non-trivial money..but it works for that flavor of spam..maybe
> 5%.

Are those numbers based on measurements or intuition?


> ...
> My lesson in futility was that the only successful anti-spam method is a
> distributed one.

I like the word "distributed," but I don't understand that reasoning.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
cc: "'Larry Marks'" <larry.marks@barberry.com>,
        Shannon Jacobs <shanen@acm.org>, Asrg@ietf.org
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On Mon, 19 May 2003, Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

> 
> > It is regrettable that the writer and apparently most of the 
> > ASRG think
> > that the only two available options are technical and legislative. A
> > third, better option exists - industry self-regulation. 
> 
> These people are in general outright criminals peddling schemes
> that are outright criminal. This is not an 'industry'.
> 

I think the original poster meant that the ISP industry would
self-regulate to prohibit opening accounts without valid credit card or
other identifying data, agree among themselves on AUP, etc. Obviously it
doesn't make sense to ask the spammers to self-regulate, but it is a real
question why the ISPs (which have many clauses in their peering
agreements) don't do anything in that direction. But they seem to have
made their decision, and it probably doesn't make sense for outsiders to
wait for them to change their collective minds.



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] ASRG as a source of spam?
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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 15:07:58 -0700
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Hallam-Baker, Phillip wrote:

>> It is regrettable that the writer and apparently most of the
>> ASRG think that the only two available options are technical and
>> legislative. A third, better option exists - industry self-regulation.
>
>
> These people are in general outright criminals peddling schemes that
> are outright criminal. This is not an 'industry'.
>
> You do not rely on people with criminal convictions for Cocaine
> trafficing and money laundering abiding by self-regulation.
>
> The guys sending penis creams, porno adverts, money making schemes,
> offers to sell hijacked software, identity theft scams etc. have this
> type of connection.
>
> The quantities of 'spam' from remotely legitimate businesses is such a
> small proportion of the total that we can worry about that after the
> criminal spam senders are locked up.
>
>
> Phill

Alright. Good point. I was not sufficiently specific. The "industry
group" to which I was referring transports and delivers e-mail -
companies like AOL, MSN and the local ISP, I didn't intend to include
marketing companies, spammers, or other criminals. And I wouldn't trust
the penis people farther than I can piss ;-)

-LM

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To: "Hallam-Baker, Phillip" <pbaker@verisign.com>
Cc: "'Larry Marks'" <larry.marks@barberry.com>,
        Shannon Jacobs <shanen@acm.org>, Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] ASRG as a source of spam? 
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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 15:13:09 -0700


Hallam-Baker, Phillip said:

> The quantities of 'spam' from remotely legitimate businesses is
> such a small proportion of the total that we can worry about that
> after the criminal spam senders are locked up.

I see your point, but given the prevalence of "e-pending" and
similar techniques -- where legit companies buy and trade email
addresses, often sending to scraped addrs with no opt-in --
spam from legit companies will still be a big issue, and will
remain a favoured "escape route" for the less legit spammers.
*That* is the problem with defining spam as "what big companies
don't do".  cf. Nadine.

--j.
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: C/R - What people say
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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 15:52:09 -0600

Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> writes:

> The biggest problem seem to be dealing with mailing lists. 

Why are people mixing their C/R system with mailing lists then?
Since there isn't a standard for identifying a mailing list message,
all one can use is heuristics, which are not completely reliable.

Since the C/R system doesn't filter based on content, it can't help
you with spam on the list anyway.  Once the spam gets distributed to
the list, it's now just another list message as far as the C/R system
is concerned.

Instead, either use Gmane (http://gmane.org/), or filter your list
traffic before it hits the C/R system.

As an aside, I think that as mail environments get increasingly more
complex to deal with previously undreamt of issues like spam, the need
to decouple "services" such as mailing lists from your mailbox will
become more and more necessary.  The practice of forcing your mailbox
into every possible shape and size will be a historical artifact.

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] ASRG as a source of spam?
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For this reason, we are selling our product while retaining the rights to
pursue spammers.  Considering that we are based in VA, we have very tough
anti-spam laws..thanks to AOL...guess what other state is equally
tough...Washington.

I have spent a considerable amount of time educating our attorney partners.
Simple point, you spam my systems...I have a team of lawyers seeking serious
damages.

Anyone wanna do a cost break down on the bandwidth, system, storage,
administrative, attrition costs of spam?


> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf
> Of Hallam-Baker, Phillip
> Sent: Monday, May 19, 2003 5:01 PM
> To: 'Larry Marks'; Shannon Jacobs; Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] ASRG as a source of spam?
>
>
>
> > It is regrettable that the writer and apparently most of the
> > ASRG think
> > that the only two available options are technical and legislative. A
> > third, better option exists - industry self-regulation.
>
> These people are in general outright criminals peddling schemes
> that are outright criminal. This is not an 'industry'.
>
> You do not rely on people with criminal convictions for Cocaine
> trafficing and money laundering abiding by self-regulation.
>
> The guys sending penis creams, porno adverts, money making schemes,
> offers to sell hijacked software, identity theft scams etc. have
> this type of connection.
>
> The quantities of 'spam' from remotely legitimate businesses is
> such a small proportion of the total that we can worry about that
> after the criminal spam senders are locked up.
>
>
> 		Phill
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>

_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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From: "Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
To: "Barry Shein" <bzs@world.std.com>, "bob@wyman.us" <bob@wyman.us>
Cc: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 20:11:32 +0700
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On Mon, 19 May 2003 17:01:32 -0400, Barry Shein wrote:
>From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
>>Given the tremendous backlash against spam that we've seen lately, I
>>wouldn't be surprised if we began to see proposals requiring that
>>specific mechanisms be used to combat it. Just as new laws restricting
>>civil liberties have been "collateral damage" of the anti-terrorism
>>effort, new laws reducing the voluntary nature of Internet standards may
>>be "collateral damage" of the anti-spam effort.
>>Another possibility would be that as the spam problem matures (and,
>assuming no silver bullet) what we're likely to see are lawsuits based
>on what the courts will accept as unreasonable negligence causing
>damage to another party.
>>I think a climate with that as a factor would motivate changes in
>minimal standards pretty quickly.

In adjudicating the equities involved where no law dictates, the courts
pay close attention to the practices and standards governing the
activities involved.  For this reason it is essential that the Internet
community establish clear expectations regarding the acts to be performed
by, and against, spam enablers.   I have attempted to draft some ideas
at

  <http://www.camblab.com/misc/univ_std.txt>

   and the thinking which led to the above 

 <http://www.camblab.com/nugget/spam_03.pdf>

Comments welcome.

Jeffrey Race
 

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Could/Should/Must law require mechanism?
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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 21:05:09 -0400

On Mon, May 19, 2003 at 11:33:12AM -0400, Bob Wyman wrote

>     While we see all sorts of attempts to pass legislation making spam
> illegal, I haven't yet seen anyone discussing legislation requiring that
> specific anti-spam mechanisms or protocols be deployed. The rules of the
> Internet, unlike those of the telephony system, the airwaves, or our
> highways, have been largely voluntary. However, the Internet has become
> just as much a "common" good as are these other communications channels.

  We're effectively looking at nationalization/confiscation of private
property.  This is similar to what has happened in many jurisdictions
with shopping malls.  They're technically private property, but they
seem to have acquired some special status as "public places".

> Given the tremendous backlash against spam that we've seen lately, I
> wouldn't be surprised if we began to see proposals requiring that
> specific mechanisms be used to combat it. Just as new laws restricting
> civil liberties have been "collateral damage" of the anti-terrorism
> effort, new laws reducing the voluntary nature of Internet standards may
> be "collateral damage" of the anti-spam effort.

  I greatly *FEAR* "anti-spam" legislation.  My fears are that marketing
lobbies will make large "campaign contributions" to "the best
legislators that money can buy", resulting in...
  a) a very narrow definition of spam ("that which we do not do")
  b) "must-carry" clauses regarding certain types of email
  c) outlawing, or "regulating" into uselessness, of DNSbls

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did
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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 22:46:24 -0400

At 4:37 PM -0400 5/19/03, Eric Dean wrote:
>  >
>>  >  For example, if 90% of spam is forged, then RMX, C/R, and
>>  > authentication schemes could do a lot against spam (modulo their
>>  > other problems).
>
>It's not a large step to estimate that 90% of spam is forged.
>1) However, much of that spam can be filtered using simple sender domain
>checks.  Many spammers use bogus domains and maybe 5-10% of spam is dropped
>accordingly.
>2) The next value is to do a HELO hostname check..about 10-20% is dropped as
>well.  However, there are casualities for very large companies...such as
>bellsouth and verizon whereby I have to punch holes in my filters.
>3) Then I could be more aggressive and apply a reverse-dns check on the
>initiating source IP.  Doing so is also effective, however, all DSL and
>carrier Dial networks in-addr their IP pools...yet many mail admins don't.
>I have aout another 5-10% of my spam come from unresolved IPs..but instantly
>the phones light up..cost me money..and I'm out of business.  The tough-love
>approach is suicidal stupidity.
>4) Then OK, so now we go with RBL, to identify the pools..that'll
>work..costs non-trivial money..but it works for that flavor of spam..maybe
>5%.


Well, actually I collected some of this data as well.  But without 
corresponding data on non-spam, it's not very useful.  Certainly each 
of the steps you outline includes an increased number of false 
positives.

There were 7376 unique senders.
4298 had some "problem" with the HELO or DNS information.

10	No A record for the HELO domain
702	The hostname for the HELO doesn't resolve
1330	Unqualified domain in the HELO
2030	Sender domain does not match the HELO
76	DNS Failed or timed out
1000	No DNS A data (not sure how this differs from the first)
8	Bad DNS Q Data Format (?)
101	Pipelined

(Pipelining was detected by spotting cases where an error was 
returned which should have terminated the transaction, but they kept 
sending commands, up to and including the content of the message.)

Obviously those all overlapped a good deal.  Your immediate reaction 
might be to make sure that the sender domain matches the HELO.  After 
all, it would nail half the spam right there.  But then again, it 
would also block most of the mail coming from my domain and many 
others.  My mail server always uses the primary domain name in the 
HELO, no matter which domain it sends for.  That's probably true of 
most servers.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Could/Should/Must law require mechanism? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 19 May 2003 20:11:32 +0700."
             <E19HujA-0002yl-00@smtp01.mrf.mail.rcn.net> 
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Date: Mon, 19 May 2003 22:45:00 -0400


The term "pollution" is distracting. 

This entire passage is wrong.

> The Internet's design and management were predicated on voluntary 
> cooperation, self-imposed good behavior, and the non-profit 
> motivational structure of custodians of Internet Resources (IR) 
> extant at its inception.

This entire section is wrong.

> 2.4 IP Address and Domain Name Registrars

This mini-section is wrong.

> 2.5 Anonymity


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To: "Kee Hinckley" <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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>
> Obviously those all overlapped a good deal.  Your immediate reaction
> might be to make sure that the sender domain matches the HELO.  After
> all, it would nail half the spam right there.  But then again, it
> would also block most of the mail coming from my domain and many
> others.  My mail server always uses the primary domain name in the
> HELO, no matter which domain it sends for.  That's probably true of
> most servers.


Yes, we host 300 domains...trying to do RFC checking is a miserable
experience when many mail admins don't even perform reverse-DNS registration
or forward registration of the HELO host.

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From: "Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
To: "Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine" <brunner@nic-naa.net>
Cc: "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
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On Mon, 19 May 2003 22:45:00 -0400, Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland 
Maine wrote:
>The term "pollution" is distracting. 
>
>This entire passage is wrong.
>
>> The Internet's design and management were predicated on voluntary 
>> cooperation, self-imposed good behavior, and the non-profit 
>> motivational structure of custodians of Internet Resources (IR) 
>> extant at its inception.
>
>This entire section is wrong.
>
>> 2.4 IP Address and Domain Name Registrars
>
>This mini-section is wrong.

I am still working on this so welcome insights for improvement.
Could you possibly be more vague?

Jeffrey Race

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Could/Should/Must law require mechanism? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 20 May 2003 00:03:47 +0700."
             <E19HyLx-000632-00@smtp01.mrf.mail.rcn.net> 
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Date: Tue, 20 May 2003 06:14:01 -0400

> Comments welcome.
> 
> Jeffrey Race
 
&& 

> Could you possibly be more vague?

Conditionally, apparently.

OK. Your text is perfect. Go with it.
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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
To: Jeffrey Race <jrace@attglobal.net>
cc: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>, "bob@wyman.us" <bob@wyman.us>,
        "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Could/Should/Must law require mechanism?
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Date: Tue, 20 May 2003 07:53:32 -0400 (EDT)



On Mon, 19 May 2003, Jeffrey Race wrote:

> 
> In adjudicating the equities involved where no law dictates, the courts
> pay close attention to the practices and standards governing the
> activities involved.  For this reason it is essential that the Internet
> community establish clear expectations regarding the acts to be performed
> by, and against, spam enablers.   I have attempted to draft some ideas
> at
> 
>   <http://www.camblab.com/misc/univ_std.txt>
> 
>    and the thinking which led to the above 
> 
>  <http://www.camblab.com/nugget/spam_03.pdf>
> 
> Comments welcome.
> 
> Jeffrey Race
>  

I agree with the requirement outlined in the document, but is all the
editorializing and justification appropriate for such a document?
In particular, the blanket condemnation of for-profit enterprise is
certain to signal to any judge that the document could not possibly
represent common industry practice, and is therefore not very relevant to 
his decision. That at least should be removed.



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Date: Tue, 20 May 2003 13:34:46 +0100

>Folks, the email operations world has increasingly moved away from
>real-time processing of SMTP data.
>

A colleague has just drawn my attention to the relevant part of rfc2505
(BCP 30) - for completeness here it is:

<quote>
1.5. Where to block spam, in SMTP, in RFC822 or in the UA

   Our basic assumption is that refuse/accept is handled at the SMTP
   layer and that an MTA that decides to refuse a message should do so
   while still in the SMTP dialogue. First, this means that we do not
   have to store a copy of a message we later decide to refuse and
   second, our responsibility for that message is low or none - since we
   have not yet read it in, we leave it to the sender to handle the
   error.

</quote>

I apologise for not thinking to reference this in my initial reply to the
point you raised.










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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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> 10	No A record for the HELO domain

Helo hostname

> 1000	No DNS A data (not sure how this differs from the first)

Sender domain..but you'd think that would say no A or MX record

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Lemme tell you, I would love to perform SMTP rejects instead of bounces.
The problem is that anyone with any non-trivial amount of email has to run a
multi-level SMTP architecture.

Often, you have an MX server that accepts email and performs some rejects
due to various RFC criteria...however, once you accept that message..you are
obligated to handle it now.  If you then forward to a spam-filter server,
then strictly speaking you should bounce the message rather than silently
discard..but to each his own.

If you are running Exchange or Notes, it's a non-trivial interface to the
namespace to determine if a user is local...those who use a database can
often have the MX server and Email Application Server (POP/SMTP/HTTP) share
the same tables and therefore reject dictionary attacks rather than bounce
to non-existant email address (and watch the queue grow).  Sure, you can run
an LDAP interface to an Email server but often the dictionary attack is less
load.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Jon
> Kyme
> Sent: Tuesday, May 20, 2003 8:35 AM
> To: Dave Crocker
> Cc: ASRG
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
>
>
> >Folks, the email operations world has increasingly moved away from
> >real-time processing of SMTP data.
> >
>
> A colleague has just drawn my attention to the relevant part of rfc2505
> (BCP 30) - for completeness here it is:
>
> <quote>
> 1.5. Where to block spam, in SMTP, in RFC822 or in the UA
>
>    Our basic assumption is that refuse/accept is handled at the SMTP
>    layer and that an MTA that decides to refuse a message should do so
>    while still in the SMTP dialogue. First, this means that we do not
>    have to store a copy of a message we later decide to refuse and
>    second, our responsibility for that message is low or none - since we
>    have not yet read it in, we leave it to the sender to handle the
>    error.
>
> </quote>
>
> I apologise for not thinking to reference this in my initial reply to the
> point you raised.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> --
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>

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> If you are running Exchange or Notes, it's a non-trivial interface to the
> namespace to determine if a user is local...those who use a database can
> often have the MX server and Email Application Server (POP/SMTP/HTTP)
> share
> the same tables and therefore reject dictionary attacks rather than
> bounce
> to non-existant email address (and watch the queue grow). Sure, you can
> run
> an LDAP interface to an Email server but often the dictionary attack is
> less
> load.


Sorry, what? Your justification for not doing BCP is that it's
"non-trivial" to do it on the software you've chosen?

Is it just me, or is this completely arse upwards?








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Date: Tue, 20 May 2003 11:25:02 -0400

Last month I prepared expert testimony for a case. Not a big deal in itself.

Without disclosing the parties or the causes of action, it was a spam case,
with several distinct kinds of claims.  My E-T provided to one litigator a
tool to increase the liklihood of a set of outcomes broadly beneficial to
his or her client. The efficacy of this tool (the report) is still TBD.

I used RFC 3227 Evidence Collection and Archiving, to approach the issue
of best evidence and best current practice.

I used RFC 3013 Recommended Internet Service Provider Security Services
and Procedures, to approach the larger issue of best evidence and ISP
security and best current practice.

I used DPR1998 The UK "Data Protection Act 1998, to approach the issues
of data protection, and jurisdictional awareness by multi-jurisdictional
operators.

I used RFC 821, 2821 and 1123, to approach the issue of MTA behavior.

I'm trying to think of what else would have been helpful to an author of
E-T contributing to litigation that contains "spam" (broadest definition)
and operator conduct as one of the issues subject to proof.

After all, I operate an ISP, so I'm ISP-centric (alt. Registrar-centric).

If anyone has a draft in progress along these lines, drop me a note.

Eric
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> Sorry, what? Your justification for not doing BCP is that it's
> "non-trivial" to do it on the software you've chosen?

Actually, I don't run those software packages I mentioned.  But yes, that's
not even a justification from the companies I've worked with..it's a fact
that they don't have the skills or people with the skills to manage these
systems and put together a BCP multi-tiered system architecture that
performs rejects rather than bounces...but then again, I'm hoping it keeps
me employed.

> Is it just me, or is this completely arse upwards?

It's absolutely arse-upwards.  People don't know how to deal with spam.
It's very difficult to handle in large companies.  AOL receives nearly a
billion spam per week...that's non-trivial.

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> At 4:25 PM +0100 5/20/03, Jon Kyme wrote:
> >Sorry, what? Your justification for not doing BCP is that it's
> >"non-trivial" to do it on the software you've chosen?
> 
> 
> There are far more reasons to choose a piece of software than just 
> it's external interface.

I can't imagine a good technical reason for picking software that makes it
practically impossible to do the job to the same standard as BCP, given the
choice that exists.
I know there are often good political reasons why these irrational choices
are made - that's a somewhat different matter.

Anyway (back to the original point), Hotmail seems to do better than Yahoo
on the specific issue (response to RCPT TO <non-existent-rcpt>) we were
discussing. It's clear that some operators can do this on very large
distributed systems. Others can't - or won't.







--
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Date: Tue, 20 May 2003 13:58:06 -0400

At 01:34 PM 5/20/2003 +0100, Jon Kyme wrote:

> >Folks, the email operations world has increasingly moved away from
> >real-time processing of SMTP data.
> >
>
>A colleague has just drawn my attention to the relevant part of rfc2505
>(BCP 30) - for completeness here it is:
>
><quote>
>1.5. Where to block spam, in SMTP, in RFC822 or in the UA
>
>    Our basic assumption is that refuse/accept is handled at the SMTP
>    layer and that an MTA that decides to refuse a message should do so
>    while still in the SMTP dialogue. First, this means that we do not
>    have to store a copy of a message we later decide to refuse and
>    second, our responsibility for that message is low or none - since we
>    have not yet read it in, we leave it to the sender to handle the
>    error.
>
></quote>

See RFC 2821, section 3.1.:

---snip----
    However, in practice, some servers do not perform recipient
    verification until after the message text is received.  These servers
    SHOULD treat a failure for one or more recipients as a "subsequent
    failure" and return a mail message as discussed in section 6.
---snip----

Even thought it might be recommended to do processing in real-time, in 
practice many systems do not and will not. We must be take that into account. 

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Date: Tue, 20 May 2003 14:04:57 -0400

At 5:22 PM +0100 5/20/03, Jon Kyme wrote:
>  > At 4:25 PM +0100 5/20/03, Jon Kyme wrote:
>>  >Sorry, what? Your justification for not doing BCP is that it's
>>  >"non-trivial" to do it on the software you've chosen?
>>
>>
>>  There are far more reasons to choose a piece of software than just
>>  it's external interface.
>
>I can't imagine a good technical reason for picking software that makes it
>practically impossible to do the job to the same standard as BCP, given the
>choice that exists.

Well, I replied off list because I didn't think this was on topic. 
But I'm just pointing out that we're looking at this from a problem 
of how mail systems interoperate with each other.  When you're in a 
company buying a mail system, your concerns are:
	- ease of maintenance
	- ease of use for users
	- functionality for users
	- how it works with other systems
The order may vary, but the last one is almost always going to be 
last.  Furthermore, it *looks* like a check-off item.  That fact that 
some mail systems "don't play well with others" doesn't come out 
until it's *way* too late.

>Anyway (back to the original point), Hotmail seems to do better than Yahoo
>on the specific issue (response to RCPT TO <non-existent-rcpt>) we were
>discussing. It's clear that some operators can do this on very large
>distributed systems. Others can't - or won't.

It could well be a "won't".  By deferring the reject until after the 
DATA command you make it very difficult to probe for valid addresses 
to spam.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: [Asrg] MailFrontier and Patents
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Below is a response about from MailFrontier regarding their opinion on 
patents and MailBlocks.

>From: <*******@mailfrontier.com>
>To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>
>Subject: Re: Your challenge/response technology for stopping spam.
>Date: Tue, 20 May 2003 09:52:32 -0700
>Organization: MailFrontier, Inc.
>
>Yakov,
>
>First, regarding the mailblocks lawsuit, I probably shouldn't comment on it
>since it is a legal matter.
>
>Regarding challenge-response patents, MailFrontier does have a few pending
>patents.  The general concept of challenge-response has been around a while.
>For example, here is a reference to it from 1996:
>
>http://groups.google.ca/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=56luge246on%40bertrand.ccs.carleton.ca
>
>MailFrontier's patents are not so much about challenge-response itself, but
>rather in regard to specific ways of doing challenge-response.  For various
>legal and business reasons, I can't divulge too many details about them.
>However, I will try to give you a brief synopsis of them:
>
>1. Protects the way that our Matador email client does challenge-response.
>This involves the use of image challenges, HTTP and automatic whitelisting
>if the challenge is answered correctly.
>
>2. Protects some new ways to do challenges that we are working on, but have
>not been released in a product yet.  For business reasons, I can't say much
>more about these.
>
>MailFrontier strongly supports standardization of challenge/response, and if
>there is a patent issue, we are open to licensing our patents under RAND
>(Reasonable And Non-Discriminatory) terms.

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Date: Tue, 20 May 2003 12:05:55 -0700 (PDT)


Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> See RFC 2821, section 3.1.:
> 
> ---snip----
>     However, in practice, some servers do not perform recipient
>     verification until after the message text is received.  These servers
>     SHOULD treat a failure for one or more recipients as a "subsequent
>     failure" and return a mail message as discussed in section 6.
> ---snip----
> 
> Even thought it might be recommended to do processing in real-time, in 
> practice many systems do not and will not. We must be take that into account. 

I agree with Yakov, and would even go further.  I think smtp-session
reject is falling out of favor and will eventually disappear.

There are strong reasons to prefer accept-then-bounce or even filter to 
reject.

(1) Reject gives feedback about your system to would-be bad
    guys--including dictionary spammers--in a much faster and more 
    reliable way.  Sysadmins rightly want to give out as little 
    information as possible, because that's standard practice anywhere
    security is involved.

(2) Reject is a less flexible mechanism.  Accept-then-bounce or filter 
    allows recipients to work around certain obselete or overzealous
    systems.

(3) Senders have come to understand that messages get incorrectly
    filtered as spam sometimes; they no longer expect to recieve an
    immediate rejection if there is a problem delivering a message.

Like ident, smtp-reject has some usefulness inside private networks, but
one shouldn't expect to see it widely used on the public Internet.

Mike


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> Well, actually I collected some of this data as well.  But without
> corresponding data on non-spam, it's not very useful.  Certainly each
> of the steps you outline includes an increased number of false
> positives.
>
> There were 7376 unique senders.
> 4298 had some "problem" with the HELO or DNS information.
>
> 10	No A record for the HELO domain

Is <domain> equivalent to <host> or was there a reason for that particular
change between RFC788 and RFC821?  For example did RFC822 legitimize HELO
EXAMPLE.COM from the host MAILSENDER42.EXAMPLE.COM?  If the change was
meaningful, you should not expect thee to be an A record.

> 702	The hostname for the HELO doesn't resolve

There isn't a hostname to resolve, is there?  So why should this imaginary
thing resolve?

> 1330	Unqualified domain in the HELO
> 2030	Sender domain does not match the HELO

What does "match" mean?  Does A.B.COM match B.COM?  Does B.COM match
A.B.COM? (Is "match" symmetric?).  If these don't match, expect false
positives from people whose mailservers use a host (rfc788) in helo, as the
transmitting MUA may not run on that machine.

<snip>
> Obviously those all overlapped a good deal.  Your immediate reaction
> might be to make sure that the sender domain matches the HELO.  After
> all, it would nail half the spam right there.  But then again, it
> would also block most of the mail coming from my domain and many
> others.  My mail server always uses the primary domain name in the
> HELO, no matter which domain it sends for.  That's probably true of
> most servers.

Quite so.  That's why RMX records or some other scheme to achieve the same
effect may be useful.

Tom

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Subject: Re: RE: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
To: "Kee Hinckley"  <nazgul@somewhere.com>
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Kee mailed me off-list and correctly pointed out that much of what I was
saying wasn't really relevant.

But part of his response is on topic so I've taken the liberty of bringing
it back to the list.

> >on the specific issue (response to RCPT TO <non-existent-rcpt>) we were
> >discussing. It's clear that some operators can do this on very large
> >distributed systems. Others can't - or won't.
> 
> It could well be a "won't".  By deferring the reject until after the 
> DATA command you make it very difficult to probe for valid addresses 
> to spam.

No, you don't make it difficult for spammers. They will send some data.
You only make it difficult for people attempting to verify addresses
without sending data; so-called "SMTP callback" for instance, or when
trying to verify a list of addresses for research purposes :-)







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Date: Tue, 20 May 2003 21:01:07 +0100

> > 
> > Even thought it might be recommended to do processing in real-time, in 
> > practice many systems do not and will not. We must be take that into
> account.
> 

Of course we must. We shouldn't assume Best Practice to be done by others.
Best Practice is what we should try to do ourselves.


> 
> I agree with Yakov, and would even go further.  I think smtp-session
> reject is falling out of favor and will eventually disappear.
>

Your evidence ? For goodness sake, *hotmail* do it. Of course they may be
going to stop at any minute - in which case I'll look silly.
 
> There are strong reasons to prefer accept-then-bounce or even filter to 
> reject.
> 
> (1) Reject gives feedback about your system to would-be bad
>     guys--including dictionary spammers--in a much faster and more 
>     reliable way.  Sysadmins rightly want to give out as little 
>     information as possible, because that's standard practice anywhere
>     security is involved.

This is a variation of security through obscurity. And we know how well
that works.

> 
> (2) Reject is a less flexible mechanism.  Accept-then-bounce or filter 
>     allows recipients to work around certain obselete or overzealous
>     systems.

How so?

> 
> (3) Senders have come to understand that messages get incorrectly
>     filtered as spam sometimes; they no longer expect to recieve an
>     immediate rejection if there is a problem delivering a message.
> 

Which senders no longer expect this? All of them? You've asked them all?

> Like ident, smtp-reject has some usefulness inside private networks, but
> one shouldn't expect to see it widely used on the public Internet.
> 

Why compare this to ident? What's the point? And who says I shouldn't
expect Best Practice on the public Internet (while being prepared for
less).


If we really think that BCP30 is so hopelessly outdated, wouldn't this be a
good place to start rewriting it.

Jon (tired) Kyme






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Date: Tue, 20 May 2003 13:25:42 -0700 (PDT)

mr> I agree with Yakov, and would even go further.  I think smtp-session
mr> reject is falling out of favor and will eventually disappear.

jk> Your evidence ?

Pretty thin, I'll admit.  Just my own experience.

mr> There are strong reasons to prefer accept-then-bounce or even filter to 
mr> reject.
mr> 
mr> (1) Reject gives feedback about your system to would-be bad
mr>     guys--including dictionary spammers--in a much faster and more 
mr>     reliable way.  Sysadmins rightly want to give out as little 
mr>     information as possible, because that's standard practice anywhere
mr>     security is involved.

jk> This is a variation of security through obscurity. And we know how well
jk> that works.

Okay,

  $ telnet merseymail.com 25
  Trying 193.110.243.34...
  Connected to merseymail.com.
  Escape character is '^]'.
  VRFY jrk
  252 VRFY not available
  QUIT

If obscurity is not useful in this situation, why refuse to VRFY?

I notice merseymail.com doesn't seem to be running ident either.

mr> (2) Reject is a less flexible mechanism.  Accept-then-bounce or filter 
mr>     allows recipients to work around certain obselete or overzealous
mr>     systems.

jk> How so?

One example:

http://www.mikerubel.org/computers/rmx_records/#notes_forwarding

Here's a better example.  Should mail that contains the string "sex" in the
subject line be Rejected during the smtp session?  Or does it make more
sense to carry that little piece of information through to spamassassin or a
Bayesian filter, where it can be combined with a lot of other information
about the message and recipient to make an intelligent decision?

Providing immediate Reject allows the spammer to keep trying until he's
sure the message has gotten through, and it allows him to learn about the
filtering behavior of your system or yourself.  In my opinion this is not
a desirable feature.  You're welcome to disagree, though.

mr> (3) Senders have come to understand that messages get incorrectly
mr>     filtered as spam sometimes; they no longer expect to recieve an
mr>     immediate rejection if there is a problem delivering a message.

jk> Which senders no longer expect this? All of them? You've asked them all?

If you send a blatently spam-like message to a mail host, do you expect to 
receive a bounce if it is not delivered?

mr> Like ident, smtp-reject has some usefulness inside private networks, but
mr> one shouldn't expect to see it widely used on the public Internet.

jk> Why compare this to ident? What's the point? And who says I shouldn't
jk> expect Best Practice on the public Internet (while being prepared for
jk> less).

Because "best practice" dictates that all domains would be run by
responsible admins, and that they would run ident.  The reasons people
aren't using ident are much the same: it leaks information about their
systems, but doesn't really buy them anything on the Internet, because not
everyone else is using it.

> If we really think that BCP30 is so hopelessly outdated, wouldn't this be a
> good place to start rewriting it.

I'm not familiar with BCP30...

Mike

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From: Daniel Feenberg <feenberg@nber.org>
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Date: Tue, 20 May 2003 16:35:11 -0400 (EDT)



On Tue, 20 May 2003, Michael Rubel wrote:

> There are strong reasons to prefer accept-then-bounce or even filter to 
> reject.
> 
> (1) Reject gives feedback about your system to would-be bad
>     guys--including dictionary spammers--in a much faster and more 
>     reliable way.  Sysadmins rightly want to give out as little 
>     information as possible, because that's standard practice anywhere
>     security is involved.
> 
> (2) Reject is a less flexible mechanism.  Accept-then-bounce or filter 
>     allows recipients to work around certain obselete or overzealous
>     systems.
> 
> (3) Senders have come to understand that messages get incorrectly
>     filtered as spam sometimes; they no longer expect to recieve an
>     immediate rejection if there is a problem delivering a message.
> 

Does everyone doing wrong have to work so hard to entice others into sin
as some members of this list are wont to do?

Accept and discard is a very bad system. I understand that some software 
will do content filtering no other way, but that doesn't make it worthy
of advocacy. 

If you use it, primarily your customers/users will be the losers, but why
encourage others to do the same? It raises the possibility of false
positives disappearing into black holes into a certainty, removes any
chance of directing the customers of spam friendly ISPs to instructive web
sites explaining why their mail was rejected, and generally relieves
spam-friendly ISPs of ever having to explain to customers why their mail
is being lost. 

Is it possible to seriously claim it is a "security precaution" - there is 
no shame on this list?

If widely adopted, it would discourage rather than encourage spam
prevention technology, as all missing mail would be blamed on spam
control.

With respect to (3), legitimate users may not expect immediate rejection,
but they expect some notice, and a DSN notice for spam is not very
practical, since there is no verifiable address to send it to. Do you send
a DSN for undeliverable spam? For deliverable spam?

Now that half of email is spam, is it really believable that accepting all
mail and processing spam rejections later will increase capacity? 

Lastly, the last time I looked at the Maps site, they had instructions for
virtually every MTA written in the last decade, and many earlier ones. So
at the very least, RBLs can be used (and will reject at SMTP dialog) by
nearly any site. It is only content based filters that may not be easily
used before the connection is completed. 





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Date: Tue, 20 May 2003 15:01:16 -0700 (PDT)


Daniel Feenberg wrote:
> Does everyone doing wrong have to work so hard to entice others into sin
> as some members of this list are wont to do?

Ha!  I only wish my sin-enticement skills were that good.  I'd be at home
with my harem right now.

Seriously, I wasn't trying to start a religious war here.  Just pointing
out the obvious: that the use of spam filters is increasing, that those
filters send as little information back to the spammer as possible, and
that sysadmins can and will take steps to keep their user lists private.

Would it be nice if everyone provided accurate whois, vrfy and ident
services, and gave the sender of each refused smtp transaction a detailed
summary of why the decision was made to refuse it, so that the sender
could correct the problem and try again?  Yup.  But be realistic--it ain't
gonna happen.

Mike

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Folks,

We've posted a new version of the Technical Considerations internet
draft.  It is substantially re-worked from the original version.

d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>


===== Forwarded message =====
From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org <Internet-Drafts@ietf.org>
To: 
Date: Tuesday, May 20, 2003, 4:26:35 AM
Subject: I-D ACTION:draft-crocker-spam-techconsider-01.txt

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.


        Title           : Technical Considerations for Spam Control Mechanisms
        Author(s)       : D. Crocker et al.
        Filename        : draft-crocker-spam-techconsider-01.txt
        Pages           : 13
        Date            : 2003-5-19
        
Internet mail has operated as an open and unfettered
channel between originator and recipient. This invites
some abuses, called spam, such as burdening recipients
with unwanted commercial email. Spam has become an
extremely serious problem, is getting much worse and is
proving difficult (or impossible) to eliminate. The
most practical goal is to bring spam under control; it
will require an on-going, adaptive effort, with
stochastic rather than complete results. This note
discusses available points of control in the Internet
mail architecture, considerations in using any of those
points, and opportunities for creating Internet
standards to aid in spam control efforts.  It offers
guidance about likely trade-offs, benefits and
limitations.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-crocker-spam-techconsider-01.txt

To remove yourself from the IETF Announcement list, send a message to 
ietf-announce-request with the word unsubscribe in the body of the message.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP. Login with the username
"anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address. After logging in,
type "cd internet-drafts" and then
        "get draft-crocker-spam-techconsider-01.txt".

A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html 
or ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt

===== End of original message text =====

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> From: Michael Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>

> ...
> Here's a better example.  Should mail that contains the string "sex" in the
> subject line be Rejected during the smtp session?  Or does it make more
> sense to carry that little piece of information through to spamassassin or a
> Bayesian filter, where it can be combined with a lot of other information
> about the message and recipient to make an intelligent decision?

That suggests the underlying assumption behind saying that SMTP status
codes are obsolete.  In fact, SpamAssassin is like every other filter
at least in principle.  SpamAssassin is often run during the SMTP
session using a sendmail milter hook.  If SpamAssassin computes a
spamish score for the message, the message can be rejected.  See
http://www.google.com/search?q=spamassassin+milter

> Providing immediate Reject allows the spammer to keep trying until he's
> sure the message has gotten through, and it allows him to learn about the
> filtering behavior of your system or yourself.  

No, you hide no information by giving it with a DSN instead of an SMTP
status response.  If you don't want to tell the spammer that the
message was detected as spam, then delaying the detection is irrelevant.
You won't be sending either a bounce or a negative SMTP status response.


> ...
> If you send a blatently spam-like message to a mail host, do you expect to 
> receive a bounce if it is not delivered?

What is a blatently spam-like message and in whose eyes?  If you
send a message that you don't think is blatently spam-like, don't
you expect an indication that it was rejected?

If you send what I define a blatently spam-like message, you'll receive
250 OK SMTP status codes and no DSN.  That violates offical as well
as some common sense BCPs, but its necessary to protect spam traps.


> ...
> Because "best practice" dictates that all domains would be run by
> responsible admins, and that they would run ident. 

I think that's wrong.  I think no BCP says anything good about IDENT.
If I'm wrong, please point out the RFC (whether in the BCP index or
not, other than ) that strongly recommends IDENT.


>                                                     The reasons people
> aren't using ident are much the same: it leaks information about their
> systems, but doesn't really buy them anything on the Internet, because not
> everyone else is using it.

I think that's half wrong.  IDENT need not leak anything, but it is
of very little use.  (An IDENT answer has meaning only in the context
of the IDENT server's logs, user database, and so forth.  Thus, contrary
to RFC 1413, every IDENT answer could be purely synthetic and related
to the real answer only by a log entry on the server.)


> > If we really think that BCP30 is so hopelessly outdated, wouldn't this be a
> > good place to start rewriting it.
>
> I'm not familiar with BCP30...

I don't want to insult you, but that is definitely the wrong answer here.
An acceptable answer might be something like "give me a little while to
read and understand BCP 30."  The privilege of speaking here carries the
responsibility of an honest effort to read the relevant document.

See http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc.html
and especially http://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp-index.html


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Tue, 20 May 2003 19:10:57 -0400

At 04:35 PM 5/20/2003 -0400, Daniel Feenberg wrote:
>Does everyone doing wrong have to work so hard to entice others into sin
>as some members of this list are wont to do?
>
>Accept and discard is a very bad system. I understand that some software
>will do content filtering no other way, but that doesn't make it worthy
>of advocacy.

To both the devils and the angels :)

Practically speaking, both accept and discard, and reject at SMTP level 
will be around for a while. It is highly unlikely that the entire Internet 
will move over to one or the other. Additionally, both have their pros and 
cons, and its upto to the specific system admin to figure out which one is 
better. We as ASRG, must account for both.

Yakov 

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Date: Tue, 20 May 2003 16:34:49 -0700 (PDT)

mr> Here's a better example.  Should mail that contains the string "sex" in the
mr> subject line be Rejected during the smtp session?  Or does it make more
mr> sense to carry that little piece of information through to spamassassin or a
mr> Bayesian filter, where it can be combined with a lot of other information
mr> about the message and recipient to make an intelligent decision?

vs> That suggests the underlying assumption behind saying that SMTP status
vs> codes are obsolete.

That's right, I'm saying that where SMTP status codes leak useful
information about your system or your filters back to the spammer, they are
obselete.

vs> In fact, SpamAssassin is like every other filter at least in principle.  
vs> SpamAssassin is often run during the SMTP session using a sendmail
vs> milter hook.  If SpamAssassin computes a spamish score for the message,
vs> the message can be rejected.  See
vs> http://www.google.com/search?q=spamassassin+milter

I know it's possible, Vernon, but I don't think that it's a good idea.  I
want to give spammers as little information to work with as possible.  If it
means my messages occasionally end up dumped as false positives, that's a
price I'm willing to pay.

mr> Providing immediate Reject allows the spammer to keep trying until he's
mr> sure the message has gotten through, and it allows him to learn about the
mr> filtering behavior of your system or yourself.  

vs> No, you hide no information by giving it with a DSN instead of an SMTP
vs> status response.  If you don't want to tell the spammer that the
vs> message was detected as spam, then delaying the detection is irrelevant.
vs> You won't be sending either a bounce or a negative SMTP status response.

We don't disagree here.  I have no problem with SMTP responses that do not
leak information.  It's the ones that leak information I have a problem
with.  DSN's only leak information if a spammer gives his true return
address, and can be implemented so as to leak it very slowly.  They may be
a reasonable compromise.

But I think it would be better to not send any notification whatsoever
until the final recipient has made a filtering decision.  I can imagine
situations where a user has a .forward file in a blacklisted or otherwise
normally-filtered domain, and might need to work around domain-based
spamfilters to allow the forwarding to happen.  Or perhaps the user wants
to implement special whitelisting and blacklisting, or has his/her own
Bayesian filter, or wants to operate in "stealth" mode.  User policy may 
be more or less strict than normal system policy.

Can you think of a good reason *not* to hold off on sending a DSN until
the final (user's) filtering decision has been made--for example, when the
message gets dumped in the recipient's "spam" folder?  Apart from the 
system load argument, that is.

mr> If you send a blatently spam-like message to a mail host, do you expect to 
mr> receive a bounce if it is not delivered?

vs> What is a blatently spam-like message and in whose eyes?  If you
vs> send a message that you don't think is blatently spam-like, don't
vs> you expect an indication that it was rejected?

I'd not be surprised if I didn't receive one.  I certainly don't and
shouldn't expect a bounce during the SMTP transaction.

mr> Because "best practice" dictates that all domains would be run by
mr> responsible admins, and that they would run ident. 

vs> I think that's wrong.  I think no BCP says anything good about IDENT.
vs> If I'm wrong, please point out the RFC (whether in the BCP index or
vs> not, other than ) that strongly recommends IDENT.

Fair enough.  I retract the statement, and instead begin it with:  "In an 
ideal world, all domains..."

> > > If we really think that BCP30 is so hopelessly outdated, wouldn't this be a
> > > good place to start rewriting it.
> >
> > I'm not familiar with BCP30...
> 
> I don't want to insult you, but that is definitely the wrong answer here.

Mea culpa.  You're right, I've read rfc-2505 (BCP-30), and should have
done so before responding the first time.  It hasn't changed my opinion 
though.

Mike

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Tue, 20 May 2003 18:24:14 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Michael Rubel <asrg@mikerubel.org>


> ...
> That's right, I'm saying that where SMTP status codes leak useful
> information about your system or your filters back to the spammer, they are
> obselete.

What information about your system or filters is leaked to the spammer
by SMTP status codes that is not leaked by DSNs?  What information is
leaked by status codes regardless of whether it is leaked by DSNs?

Of that leaked information, which cannot be protected if you choose
by not saying too much in status messages or DSNs?

> ...
> We don't disagree here.  I have no problem with SMTP responses that do not
> leak information.  It's the ones that leak information I have a problem
> with.  DSN's only leak information if a spammer gives his true return
> address, and can be implemented so as to leak it very slowly....

What is that leaked information?

> ...
> Can you think of a good reason *not* to hold off on sending a DSN until
> the final (user's) filtering decision has been made--for example, when the
> message gets dumped in the recipient's "spam" folder?  Apart from the 
> system load argument, that is.

For one thing, some spam has forged sender information.  DSNs for that
spam will be sent to innocent people, clogging their mailboxes, and
worrying them.  People are often quite worried by bounces for mail
they didn't send.

For another, in principle spammers might distribute spam using DSNs, bouncing
millions of messages. 

I wish I didn't suspect you'd fix both of those problems by also turning
off DSNs.


No great crystal ball is needed to know that the consensus among IETF
participants will be to include enough information in DSNs and STMP
status messages to allow senders to figure out what happened.  This
is not only because too many of us are engineers of various sorts who
have to figure out what went wrong and so value such information.  It
is also because the bread and butter of many of us depends in part on
email.  When your living depends on email, you do not like false
positives from spam filters and you really do not like silent false
positives.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Tue, 20 May 2003 20:54:04 -0400

We've been through this before.

Spam is in the eye of the beholder.
Therefore some spam filtering rules need to be per-user.
Milter's (and many other systems) don't give you enough information 
to determine who the final recipient is--not to mention that their 
may be more than one, with different standards.
Therefore it is not always possible to reject things at the SMTP level.
But yes, everyone agrees that you should if you can.
Therefore--encourage it, but don't depend on it.
Can we move on?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Alan DeKok'" <aland@freeradius.org>
Cc: "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses 
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On Monday, May 19, 2003 9:07 AM, Alan DeKok [SMTP:aland@freeradius.org] wrote:
> Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com> wrote:
> > So what domains /aren't/ showing up in spam?
> >
> > I know striker.ottawa.on.ca has a lot of addresses on a lot of spam lists,
> > but checking the last 20,000 spams I received, not a single one
> > has the word "striker" in it anywhere.
>
>   I've talked to people with large spamtraps, and they see do see it.
> Not in the same volume as hotmail, though.

If you can get some data we could parse that would be a good thing.  Since we 
seem to have begun to establish some methodologies for scoping an area of 
concern.

-e
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	 <scott@spamwolf.com>
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I see major bounce back from spammer addresses - forgery? (this is anecdotal) 
To me this is not unusual.

-e

On Monday, May 19, 2003 9:55 AM, Kee Hinckley [SMTP:nazgul@somewhere.com] 
wrote:
> At 8:25 PM -0700 5/18/03, Scott Nelson wrote:
> >I would expect that /if/ the majority of return addresses are forged,
> >then the spammer would pick the domain at random from their collection
> >of lists.
>
> As I noted in my mail.  This appears to be happening now--although I
> had not seen symptoms of it before.  Is anyone else starting to see
> low-level occasional bounce back from spam?
>
> Prior to that, all of the bounce-back instances I had heard of or
> experienced (and I used to get one or two a week) were major--where
> the entire spam load got sent out with the same return address.
>
>
> --
> Kee Hinckley
> http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
> http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society
>
> I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
> responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
> everyone else's.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
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On Monday, May 19, 2003 11:48 AM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
8<...>8
>   - some recent spam contains HTTP HREF URLs of the form
>      http://xxx.example.com__foobar
>     Does some HTML-aware MUA treat '__' like '/'?
>
>   - some recent spam contains several purely garbage URLs in HREFs or
>    two valid ones.  They're not even hidden (e.g. <A HREF="asdf"></A>)
>    What's the point of telling spam targets to "click on this" when it
>    is pure garbage?

These two are indeed interesting as they may not be spam at all but probes or 
perhaps even bugs of some sort.  It would be interesting to see whether your 
speculation on the first is true, and whether a BASE reference exists in the 
other.

-e
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On Monday, May 19, 2003 5:50 PM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
8<...>8
> That's not what I see.  About 192 or 0.6% of the last 27,972 spam
> caught by my traps had bogus sender domain names.  Since modern
> versions of sendmail and other MTAs usually require that the sender
> domain exist, the surprise is that even that small amount of spam
> has bogus sender domains.

I would like people to seriously consider this particular paragraph. It seems 
to touch on the vital issue of how 'spam' is produced in the wild and the 
automated means for its insertion into the MTS.  Whether an SMTP implementation 
is 'modern' or not is not relevant to the issue IMHO, but that is a factor in 
determining what the footprint is for the various tools and techniques are that 
are being utilized.

Has anyone done a forensic examination of 'spamware' and/or developed a 
taxonomy of its internals?
Will knowing the 'weapons' - to co-opt an analogy being proposed by some - aid 
in defeating the 'enemy'?
Are there any other 'artifacts' not directly related to the 'spam' problem, 
that can aid in determining methods to defeat 'it'?

-e
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On Tuesday, May 20, 2003 4:01 PM, Jon Kyme [SMTP:jrk@merseymail.com] wrote:
8<...>8
> If we really think that BCP30 is so hopelessly outdated, wouldn't this be a
> good place to start rewriting it.

 Yes, in effect.  No with respect to the auspices under which we're working I 
think.  Vern, Paul - are you listening

-e
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To: "'Jeffrey Race'" <jrace@attglobal.net>,
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	 <bzs@world.std.com>, "'bob@wyman.us'" <bob@wyman.us>
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On Monday, May 19, 2003 9:12 AM, Jeffrey Race [SMTP:jrace@attglobal.net] wrote:
8<...>8
> ...I have attempted to draft some ideas
> at

>   <http://www.camblab.com/misc/univ_std.txt>

>    and the thinking which led to the above

>  <http://www.camblab.com/nugget/spam_03.pdf>

> Comments welcome.

You should add some descriptions or definitions of terminology.  Particularly - 
'pollution'[what does this mean? how is it manifested, specifically? do not be 
overly broad and just list things - this appears to be a concept and not a 
'list'], 'degradation'[of what?], 'at any point' [node, nat, net?], 'the 
purpose of the Internet' [what exactly is being protected?] - I think you 
should try re-working section 1.2 and 7.

The taxonomy presented in 1.3.1 should be researched more thoroughly.  There 
are other methods see www.irtf.org/asrg/

It seems most of this is troubled by a lack of definitions of terminology. 
 Please try to be precise in your terms and how they are used. I can see the 
point you are trying to make but the idea's are 'polluted' by a lot of opinion 
not substantiated by any easily detectable methodology.

Section 2.5 seems antithetical to your over-arching premise.  Perhaps with a 
better definition of scope, specifically identifying your assumptions, goals 
and how those goals will be addressed will help.

More empirical information should be presented in your argument stating 
'present experience' without the attendant information and methodology for 
analysis is not empirical it is anecdotal.

[The following is not true, please provide a valid premise.  The truth is 
equally salient.]
"The Internet's design and management were predicated on voluntary
cooperation, self-imposed good behavior, and the non-profit
motivational structure of custodians of Internet Resources (IR)
extant at its inception."

I hope this helps.  Also, try rfc2505 at the www.ietf.org rfc page.

-e
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Date: Tue, 20 May 2003 23:07:45 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> We've been through this before.

Really?  I must have been asleep, because I don't remember.

> Spam is in the eye of the beholder.
> Therefore some spam filtering rules need to be per-user.
> Milter's (and many other systems) don't give you enough information 
> to determine who the final recipient is--not to mention that their 
> may be more than one, with different standards.
> Therefore it is not always possible to reject things at the SMTP level.
> But yes, everyone agrees that you should if you can.
> Therefore--encourage it, but don't depend on it.
> Can we move on?

You can move whenever and wherever you wish.  I prefer to move with
an accurate map instead of capricious prejudice.

In fact the sendmail milter interface generally gives sufficient
information for per-user rules during the SMTP transaction.  That's
how the DCC sendmail-milter interface, dccm, is able to support per-user
white/blacklists.  The DCC source even includes a CGI interface for
user point-and-click fiddling with per-user white/blacklists based on
per-user directories of suspect messages.  That no DCC users like it
even enough to say it needs improvement suggests I'm an exceptionally
bad GUI designer.

I don't know but assume that the SpamAssassin milter interfaces (I
think there are two) use the same information for per-user rules and
scoring; it certainly could.  I don't know but suspect the milter
mechanism does not handle .forward files, but I don't think that's a
significant problem.  The milter mechanism handles alias files and at
least some other things that cause sendmail to forward the message
elsewhere in the sense of telling the milter filter program as much.

The biggest practical problems I can think of for per-user filters
using the milter mechanism are that sendmail wants to do things
with the UID "daemon" or equivalent and that the SMTP protocol
doesn't let the SMTP server answer the DATA command with "250-ok
for Rcpt #1, 550-spam for Rcpt #2, and 450-try-later for Rcpt #3."

Moreover, whether some or all current MTAs do or don't give you enough
information to determine the final recipient is an implementation
choice that is irrelevant here.  The BCP and long standing recommendation
and practice that an MTA should figure out the validity of each Rcpt_To
value as it is presented implies that an MTA designer ought to have
the final recipient figured out before saying "250 OK" or "550 Bad".


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200305210603.h4L63DOi006257@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 00:03:13 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>

> > If we really think that BCP30 is so hopelessly outdated, wouldn't this be a
> > good place to start rewriting it.
>
>  Yes, in effect.  No with respect to the auspices under which we're working I 
> think.  Vern, Paul - are you listening

Before trying to replace an existing, useful, but distinctly flawed
document like BCP 30, this mailing list should prove it won't do more
harm than good to BCP 30 by dealing with the three official documents
and some of the other documents.  Off the top of my head, I can think of:

   the three official documents
   D.Crocker draft-crocker-spam-techconsider-01.txt
   Gordon Fecyk's draft-fecyk-dsprotocol-02.txt
   Hadmut Danisch's RMX
   Paul Vixie's Mail_From
   at least one challenge/response document

A test of the seriousness of the effort behind any IETF/IRTF document
is whether it makes it into the form of an ID.  If superficial stuff
like using the pure ASCII format of an ID is too much bother, then
what hope is there for the substance?  Of course, the form is
insufficient as demonstrated by
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-terrell-schem-desgn-ipt1-ipt2-cmput-tel-numb-02.pdf
and
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-terrell-math-quant-new-para-redefi-bin-math-04.pdf


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 08:59:33 +0100

> Spam is in the eye of the beholder.
> Therefore some spam filtering rules need to be per-user.
> Milter's (and many other systems) don't give you enough information 
> to determine who the final recipient is--not to mention that their 
> may be more than one, with different standards.
> Therefore it is not always possible to reject things at the SMTP level.
> But yes, everyone agrees that you should if you can.
> Therefore--encourage it, but don't depend on it.
> Can we move on?
> -- 

I think that now we're all in agreement that 
(a) spam filtering should be per-user
(b) we should reject in SMTP where possible

We can probably agree that we could profitably work towards per-user
filtering in a way that enables rejection in SMTP.

So yes, let's move on.




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>The biggest practical problems I can think of for per-user filters
>using the milter mechanism are that sendmail wants to do things
>with the UID "daemon" or equivalent and that the SMTP protocol
>doesn't let the SMTP server answer the DATA command with "250-ok
>for Rcpt #1, 550-spam for Rcpt #2, and 450-try-later for Rcpt #3."
>


Personally, I think the easiest solution to this problem is to modify the
semantics of 250 after DATA such that in the case of a message with
multiple RCPT TO we shouldn't *require* that a notification be generated
for a "delivery failure" if this "failure" is an action requested by a
mailbox "owner".

Such a change would effectively give different QOS to the two classes of
messages.

If a sender needs the higher QOS then it needs to stick to one RCPT TO per
message, a sender that doesn't need it (or doesn't care) can
bundle them.







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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 06:06:13 -0400

On Tue, May 20, 2003 at 11:07:45PM -0600, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> The biggest practical problems I can think of for per-user filters
> using the milter mechanism are that sendmail wants to do things
> with the UID "daemon" or equivalent and that the SMTP protocol
> doesn't let the SMTP server answer the DATA command with "250-ok
> for Rcpt #1, 550-spam for Rcpt #2, and 450-try-later for Rcpt #3."

Which is where LMTP is better than SMTP...   If only mail.local, etc.
supported milter as well (during LMTP delivery)


-- 
 /  \__  | Richard Rognlie / Oracle Prophet / Gamerz.NET Lackey
 \__/  \ | http://www.gamerz.net/rrognlie/    <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
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From: "Clayton, Nik [IT]" <nik.clayton@citigroup.com>
To: "'Vernon Schryver'" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 12:16:21 +0100

> I don't know but assume that the SpamAssassin milter interfaces (I
> think there are two) use the same information for per-user rules and
> scoring; it certainly could.  I don't know but suspect the milter
> mechanism does not handle .forward files, but I don't think that's a
> significant problem.  The milter mechanism handles alias files and at
> least some other things that cause sendmail to forward the message
> elsewhere in the sense of telling the milter filter program as much.

The Milter interface allows third party applications to hook in to the 
SMTP conversation between Sendmail and the remote MTA, and:

  a) Override Sendmail's choice of SMTP status codes to return at each
     stage of the process.  So the milter can selectively refuse 
     messages with finer-grained control than is possible with the 
     sendmail.cf rules and external maps.

  b) Change everything about the message (envelope information, header,
     body (including attachments) before Sendmail queues the message for
     onward delivery (or hands it off to a local delivery agent).

So all this happens *before* Sendmail consults .forward files, and other
paraphenalia.

SpamAssassin doesn't have a "native" milter interface (i.e., one supplied
by the SpamAssassin project).  At least two projects run as milters, and
(may) call out to the SpamAssassin libraries as part of their filtering,
spamass-milter, and MIMEDefang.

Out of the box, it's tricky, but not impossible, to support per-user
filtering using this mechanism.  At first glance this isn't possible at
all, because SMTP doesn't allow the response to the DATA portion of the
transaction to say "We accept this message for recipients 1 and 3, but
it's been rejected for recipient 2".

At least two workarounds exist for this.  One is to configure Sendmail to
only allow one recipient per SMTP transaction.  I.e., return 250 to the
first RCPT, and 550 to the others.

This increases the load on your mail servers, and we've seen a 
significant number of connections from MTAs that fail to handle this 
properly (i.e., they temp. or perm. fail the message for *all* 
recipients, not just the ones that were 550'd).

The other (which is employed by MIMEDefang if you turn on the necessary
option, it may also be used by others) is to accept the message with a 
rewritten envelope.  The remote server receives a 2xx response to the 
DATA command.  MIMEDefang then resends the message, once per recipient, 
so the filter can make per-recipient filtering decisions.

This is not pretty:

  a) Rejections at this point will generate full bounce messages at
     the local MTA, which, if it's spam, may have invalid return
     addresses, and/or be to servers with poor connectivity, so your
     outbound mail queue gets quite large.  Rejecting during the initial
     SMTP conversation is preferred, because then the remote system has
     to generate the bounce message.

  b) The amount of horse power needed to process mail increases.  Our 
     stats show that roughly 40% of our inbound SMTP connections refer
     to multiple recipients.

N
-- 
1        1         2         3         4         5         6         7    7
         0         0         0         0         0         0         0    5
                                                    -- The 75 column-ometer
Global Messaging,                 A: Top posting
120 Cheapside, x83331             Q: What's the most annoying e-mail habit?
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From: "Tom Thomson" <tthomson@neosinteractive.com>
To: "Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine" <brunner@nic-naa.net>,
        "Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>
Cc: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Could/Should/Must law require mechanism? 
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Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine wrote (20/5/2003):
>
> The term "pollution" is distracting.

I don't agree.  It is precise - spam IS pollution.  And the historical
analogy is accurate.

> This entire passage is wrong.
>
> > The Internet's design and management were predicated on voluntary
> > cooperation, self-imposed good behavior, and the non-profit
> > motivational structure of custodians of Internet Resources (IR)
> > extant at its inception.

Not entirely - the "vluntary cooperation" part is correct.  I agree that the
rest is wrong. For example "non-profit motivational structure" is, to see
the least, an odd description of the average defence contractor.

> This entire section is wrong.
>
> > 2.4 IP Address and Domain Name Registrars

One would expect many members of this list to think it wrong (officers of
ISPs and/or Registrars) because it points the finger clearly at them.
Nevertheless, I believe that far from being entirely wrong it is (perhaps
not quite entirely but certainly mostly) right.

> This mini-section is wrong.
>
> > 2.5 Anonymity

Probably wrong, since formally teh ICANN terms for registrars preclude
anonymity.  I thinkl the problem here is that there's a need to distinguish
between

(i) anonymity (in some form) of the registrant of a domain: currently this
is not allowed in theory, but there is a need for well defined exceptions
and outside those exceptions the rules need to be enforced at least in
response to complaints, and

(ii) anonimity of ISP customers, where some of the rules are determined
effectively by backbone providers, and vary from provider to provider, and
ISPs have some flexibility in how they interpret these rules and pass them
on down to their users, so that at the bottom level there is no coherence at
all. But best current practics is surely to be able to identify clients.

Tom

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Subject: Re: RE: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
To: "Clayton, Nik [IT]"  <nik.clayton@citigroup.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 12:39:40 +0100

>
>At least two workarounds exist for this.  One is to configure Sendmail to
>only allow one recipient per SMTP transaction.  I.e., return 250 to the
>first RCPT, and 550 to the others.
>

Oooh, surely not. 452 ? 






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cc: "Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine" <brunner@nic-naa.net>,
        "Jeffrey Race" <jrace@attglobal.net>, asrg@ietf.org,
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Could/Should/Must law require mechanism? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 21 May 2003 12:17:07 BST."
             <IOEPKAPPDKHPENCKFNNGEEBJCFAA.tthomson@neosinteractive.com> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 07:45:05 -0400

> > The term "pollution" is distracting.
> 
> I don't agree.  It is precise - spam IS pollution.  And the historical
> analogy is accurate.

Consider where the claim which cites some hypothetical ASRG work product,
not this one, is evaluated. Is it an institution which draws elements of
administrative law, or leading cases from the EPA or from the FCC, to use
one jurisdiction as an example?

Is "analogy" useful to the expert (ASRG work-product consumer, "this").

Personally, I think interpretation is a problem for the practitioner to
solve, when the circumstances require interpretation at all.

Personally, I don't see any value in abandoning the familiar communications
terms of signal-to-noise, etc.

> the "vluntary cooperation" part is correct.

See rfc954, note the DCA mandates for TAC and home directory access to that
net. There were others.

In any event, the text is its author's.

Eric
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To: "Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine" <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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> > the "vluntary cooperation" part is correct.
>
> See rfc954, note the DCA mandates for TAC and home directory access to
that
> net. There were others.

The relevant (well, irrelevant actually, see below) paragraph in rfc954
reads

   DCA requests that each individual with a directory on an ARPANET or
   MILNET host, who is capable of passing traffic across the DoD
   Internet, be registered in the NIC WHOIS Database.  MILNET TAC users
   must be registered in the database.

That looks to me like DCA requesting voluntary cooperation from users on
ARPANET. It doesn't even ask for registration from users on other networks
involved in the internet (was NFSnet in the game by October 1985, for
example?). Telling the people they actually controlled (MILNET TAC users)
that they must register isn't part of the cooperation to form the internet,
it's just keeping their own house in order (no doubt each participant had
its own rules for its own people). How many internet users had a home
directory on TAC?  Pretty few, I think. The civilian research institutes,
universities, and defense contractors might be on ARPANET at that date, but
generally not on MILNET TAC.

Anyway, rfc954 is irrelevant to the point under discussion (whether the
internet was originally formed through voluntary cooperation) since it
post-dates the original formation of the internet by a good long time.  You
might want to look at rfc812 instead (dates from some three and a half years
earlier) where there is only a request - no mandate, not even for TAC users.

Tom

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Subject: Re: RE: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
To: "Clayton, Nik [IT]"  <nik.clayton@citigroup.com>
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>
>  b) The amount of horse power needed to process mail increases.  Our 
>     stats show that roughly 40% of our inbound SMTP connections refer
>     to multiple recipients.
>


And another thing (sorry) how much of this is spam? 

We're a pretty small mail system - I had a quick look at a 
(I hope representative) set of 50000 incoming messages.
We delivered these to 12843 mailboxes
774 (1.5%) had multiple recipients.

Of course many of these distinct messages will have come down the same
*connection*. There's no possiblity that there's confusion here is there?

This is so much at odds with the figures you report that I'm going to
really (no, really this time) check my script.









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From: "Shannon Jacobs" <shanen@acm.org>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <004301c31d99$6e777470$3e0a37cb@advdata.com.au> <006301c31e49$9d79b1b0$0301a8c0@nv6881> <p06001205baeef8c495c5@[192.168.1.104]>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Shannon Jacob's article on spam
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Just piggyback it on top of SMTP. Only one server needs to check for
postage, and all the others can ignore it. In fact, there's no reason to
force any sort of transition. People could opt to have a prepaid email
account and still use their old accounts (with discretion) just as they are.

Not really fair to claim to be a typical user, but using my own situations
as examples, my primary interest would be in an email address I could use
publicly in the newsgroups. I really think the possibility of dialog was one
of the factors that contributed to the higher quality of the 'old days'
before the spammers started regular harvesting. Another usage for me would
have been "recovery" of one of my primary email addresses that was detected
by the spammers. Actually too late now, since I eventually gave up and
killed it, but it was one that I had used for many years, and I was sorry to
lose it. In both of these cases, the prepaid email system would allow
someone to use those email addresses if they really wanted to reach me, at a
small cost.

Profiting from admediation is not particularly attractive to me, though
that's obviously where the big incentive would lie for many people. The
problem to me is that I really value my privacy, and probably wouldn't want
to give much of my personal information to the admediator in any case.

Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 6:00 AM +0900 5/20/03, Shannon Jacobs wrote:
>> However, I've already said that I think the obvious solution is to
>> provide an alternative cash-up-front email system. There are plenty
>> of things wrong with snail mail, but it does work quite effectively
>> in limiting the volume of physical spam we receive
>
> How would you make the transition to the system?  For some period of
> time, anyone who has committed to the new system cannot afford to
> discard normal SMTP mail.  That is a commitment of time, software
> installation, money (for software and/or sending mail), and risk
> (some other solution could succeed). During that period of time he's
> getting just as much spam, but is paying more.  How do you persuade
> people to ignore the negative economics of being an early adopter?

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> >At least two workarounds exist for this.  One is to configure Sendmail to
> >only allow one recipient per SMTP transaction.  I.e., return 250 to the
> >first RCPT, and 550 to the others.
> 
> Oooh, surely not. 452 ? 

Yep.  Brain fart on my part.

N
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Could/Should/Must law require mechanism? 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 21 May 2003 13:11:30 BST."
             <IOEPKAPPDKHPENCKFNNGIEBKCFAA.tthomson@neosinteractive.com> 
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 08:40:43 -0400

> You might want to look at rfc812

I knew Ken, and I knew the circumstances that caused the DCA mandates
to show up in 954. I worked one floor above the NIC, at the time.
Thanks for the suggestion however.
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From: "Shannon Jacobs" <shanen@acm.org>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
References: <002901c31d45$22d48d90$0301a8c0@nv6881> <3EC93E3B.5020603@barberry.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] ASRG as a source of spam?
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I can't speak for "most of the ASRG", but I definitely deny thinking that
there are only two options available. However, the kind of solution proposed
is very much dependent on the way you see the problem.

My belief is that the fundamental problem is economic, and that's why I
advocate an economic solution. Spammers think they are dividing their
(small) profits by a much smaller marginal cost (for each spam sent). They
think this makes their profits look attractive because they ignore all the
external costs they impose on everyone else. You can look at various aspect
of the costs, but I'll just consider the personal time wasted by spam.
Imagine you can toss a spam message in one second, which is actually very
optimistic. A big-time spammer would think nothing of delivering 7.5 million
spam messages in a day, but that's the number of seconds in a working year
(of 40 hour weeks). If the spammer had to share that cost equally, spending
one second for each message sent, that would take care of all of his working
hours for an entire year.

People who are looking for legislative solutions are focusing on the
fundamental illegality of most of the spam. (Interesting to note that the
Nigerian spam used to be done by snail mail, but tracing the history is
supposed to lead all the way back to the Spanish prisoner scams of several
hundred years ago.) People who are looking for technical solutions are hung
up on the technical mechanisms the spammers use and abuse. However, there
are lots of other ways to approach the problem. For example, you could argue
that it's really an educational problem, and if we could fix the educational
system to make people more considerate or even more moral, then that would
solve the problem...

I must be an economic animal, but I still think that's the best place to
focus.

Larry Marks wrote:
> Shannon Jacobs wrote:
>
>> The unfortunate result of our collective inability to deal
>> constructively with the spam problem from a technical perspective
>> will doubtless be attempts at legislative cures that will most
>> likely be worse than the disease.
>
> It is regrettable that the writer and apparently most of the ASRG
> think that the only two available options are technical and
> legislative. A third, better option exists - industry
> self-regulation. If the businesses who are involved in providing
> e-mail services had established multilateral agreements like those
> already in use by other comparable industry groups, spam would be an
> extant but minor issue and we would not even be here discussing pure
> technical and legislative - bad and worse - solutions.
>
> To be fair, however, I agree with the writer that the tools the
> industry needs to effectively self-regulate - blacklists, whitelists,
> filters, unforgeable and non-replayable certs, etc. - already exist.
> The problems with them lie not in the technical arena, but in their
> implementation outside a framework of multilateral agreements such as
> I just suggested.
>
> -LM

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Could/Should/Must law require mechanism? 
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             <IOEPKAPPDKHPENCKFNNGIEBKCFAA.tthomson@neosinteractive.com> 
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 08:54:32 -0400

> Anyway, rfc954 is irrelevant ...

The issues of bulk-, and :42-access to whois data are balloted in the
membership body of registrars for the COM/NET/ORG/BIZ/INFO/NAME set
of top-level domains.
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 14:34:45 +0100

> >  b) The amount of horse power needed to process mail increases.  Our 
> >     stats show that roughly 40% of our inbound SMTP connections refer
> >     to multiple recipients.
>
> 
> And another thing (sorry) how much of this is spam? 

Don't know.  But that shouldn't matter, as you still have to scan the
messages to see if they're spam, irrespective of whether it's one 
recipient or 10 recipients.
 
> We're a pretty small mail system - I had a quick look at a (I hope 
> representative) set of 50000 incoming messages. We delivered these to 
> 12843 mailboxes 774 (1.5%) had multiple recipients.
> 
> Of course many of these distinct messages will have come down the same
> *connection*. There's no possiblity that there's confusion 
> here is there?
> 
> This is so much at odds with the figures you report that I'm going to
> really (no, really this time) check my script.

In the 24 hour time window I looked at, one of our servers received just
over 300,000 distinct inbound DATA transactions, some for one recipient, 
some for multiple recipients.  Had they been one-recipient-per-transaction
it would have been slightly more than 500,000 DATA transactions.

I've just run some analysis across multiple sets of log files (multiple
hosts, multiple days), and see there's quite some variance depending on
the day of the week and the relative MX weight of the host, anywhere 
between 15% and 43% of the inbound traffic having multiple recipients.

Part of that may well be due to our userbase (lots of people signed up
to many, many mailing lists).  Our Internet facing mail servers have
differing MXs so that we can (a) determine what the maximum throughput
we can expect from a particular class of host is, and (b) see whether we
get more spam coming through the higher weight MXs.  We consistently do
see more spam being sent to the higher weight MXs, which suggests that
spammers target them in the hope that they're less likely to have 
anti-spam filtering in place.

N
-- 
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 08:12:21 -0400

At 11:07 PM -0600 5/20/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>In fact the sendmail milter interface generally gives sufficient
>information for per-user rules during the SMTP transaction.  That's

I wasn't trying to single out milter's specifically.  What we've 
discussed, over and over, is the fact that you can't always know the 
final recipient at the time of receipt (even though you may know it's 
a valid address).  I don't see the need for us to go into it over and 
over again.

>
>scoring; it certainly could.  I don't know but suspect the milter
>mechanism does not handle .forward files, but I don't think that's a
>significant problem.  The milter mechanism handles alias files and at
>least some other things that cause sendmail to forward the message
>elsewhere in the sense of telling the milter filter program as much.

.forward's were one thing.  The other is a standard system where the 
gateway mail system is outside of the firewall, but additional 
delivery is done inside the firewall.

But anyway.  I'm just don't see that this conversation is generating 
anything except heat.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: RE: RE: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 15:28:42 +0100

>over 300,000 distinct inbound DATA transactions, 

>Had they been one-recipient-per-transaction
>it would have been slightly more than 500,000 DATA transactions.
>

>between 15% and 43% of the inbound traffic having multiple recipients.
>

Thank you very much for taking the trouble to produce these interesting
statistics.

>Part of that may well be due to our userbase (lots of people signed up
>to many, many mailing lists).

I think I might have  a strange set of users.
I'd be interested to see figures from other sources.

I checked my working and it still looks good (1.7% on 250000 messages).

Oh hang on...
it occurs to me that this won't go linearly. D'oh! The more mailboxes you
have, the higher the probability that more than 1 of them will be on the
same list. I wish I could remember any maths - this is a "ball and cell"
problem isn't it?










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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> >In fact the sendmail milter interface generally gives sufficient
> >information for per-user rules during the SMTP transaction.  That's
>
> I wasn't trying to single out milter's specifically.

I misunderstood your words to be unambiguously asserting that the
milter mechanism does not include the end user identity.

>                                                       What we've 
> discussed, over and over, is the fact that you can't always know the 
> final recipient at the time of receipt (even though you may know it's 
> a valid address).  I don't see the need for us to go into it over and 
> over again.

> ...
> .forward's were one thing.  The other is a standard system where the 
> gateway mail system is outside of the firewall, but additional 
> delivery is done inside the firewall.

We have agreed is that as people configure and run STMP servers for
various good and bad reasons, an SMTP server may not know the final
address and so may have problems doing proper spam filtering.

However, that fact does not imply that filtering cannot be done before
the end of the SMTP transaction or that it is not best done then.
You seem to be asserting to the contrary that filtering must or should
be done primarily during final delivery.  We certainly have not agreed
on that, although there have been some recent statements by others in
support of that view.

That fact also does not conflict with the fact that most filtering
could be done during the STMP transaction given perhaps onerous efforts
to synchronize user databases, whitelists, logs, and so forth among
SMTP servers.

I suspect that most filtering today does not need any synchronizing
among SMTP servers but could be done during the SMTP transaction given
appropriate filtering software.  For example, it sounds as if the
SpamAssassin milters need work.

None of that implies that additional filtering during final delivery
cannot or must not be done.


> But anyway.  I'm just don't see that this conversation is generating 
> anything except heat.

An IETF/IRTF working group mailing list is not like netnews or SPAM-L.
It is not merely a forum for stating positions and exchanging views.
It is a tool for generating and guaging consensus on technical issues.
Regardless of heat, this mailing list must address the issue of whether
filtering SHOULD (in the special meaning of RFC 2119) be done during
the SMTP transaction.  If we can't reach consensus on such a fundamental
and simple issue, then this mailing list is distinctly worse than useless.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
To: "Kee Hinckley"  <nazgul@somewhere.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 15:50:33 +0100

> What we've 
> discussed, over and over, is the fact that you can't always know the 
> final recipient at the time of receipt (even though you may know it's 
> a valid address).  I don't see the need for us to go into it over and 
> over again.

Did I miss something? Anyway, even if you can't always know, the important
question is how often you can know, what can you do to know more often and
what you do when you really can't tell.

> 
> .forward's were one thing.  The other is a standard system where the 
> gateway mail system is outside of the firewall, but additional 
> delivery is done inside the firewall.
> 

One can do "callforward recipient verification". It's perfectly possible -
it might be *way* expensive. Or the outside mail system can access the same
data as inside systems - one way or another. The problem isn't inherent in
SMTP is it? but in the way admins have traditionally set up multi-tier mail
systems. It's an implementation thang.



> But anyway.  I'm just don't see that this conversation is generating 
> anything except heat.


I don't know, it seems pretty good-natured so far - and there are (IMHO)
important implications for reliability in an MTS implementing anti-spam
stuff.

Of course the discussion has veered away from the thread subject a bit.







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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 11:09:20 -0400



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Vernon Schryver [mailto:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] 
> Sent: Wednesday, May 21, 2003 10:41 AM

> We have agreed is that as people configure and run STMP 
> servers for various good and bad reasons, an SMTP server may 
> not know the final address and so may have problems doing 
> proper spam filtering.
> 
> However, that fact does not imply that filtering cannot be 
> done before the end of the SMTP transaction or that it is not 
> best done then. You seem to be asserting to the contrary that 
> filtering must or should be done primarily during final 
> delivery.  We certainly have not agreed on that, although 
> there have been some recent statements by others in support 
> of that view.
> 
> That fact also does not conflict with the fact that most 
> filtering could be done during the STMP transaction given 
> perhaps onerous efforts to synchronize user databases, 
> whitelists, logs, and so forth among SMTP servers.
> 
> I suspect that most filtering today does not need any 
> synchronizing among SMTP servers but could be done during the 
> SMTP transaction given appropriate filtering software.  For 
> example, it sounds as if the SpamAssassin milters need work.
> 
> None of that implies that additional filtering during final 
> delivery cannot or must not be done.

It is clear that there are reasons to do filtering as part of the SMTP
transaction as well as difficulties in doing so. In many cases this is
straightforward; in other cases, there are substantial efforts to achieve
this in some cases; and in other situations, there are limitations that may
make this inachievable.


> An IETF/IRTF working group mailing list is not like netnews 
> or SPAM-L. It is not merely a forum for stating positions and 
> exchanging views. It is a tool for generating and guaging 
> consensus on technical issues. Regardless of heat, this 
> mailing list must address the issue of whether filtering 
> SHOULD (in the special meaning of RFC 2119) be done during 
> the SMTP transaction.  If we can't reach consensus on such a 
> fundamental and simple issue, then this mailing list is 
> distinctly worse than useless.

We should articulate the benefits of providing filtering within the
transaction as well as explain the implications of not doing so.

This also depends on the document that this will be a part of and the
context of the statement.
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> An IETF/IRTF working group mailing list is not like netnews or SPAM-L.
> It is not merely a forum for stating positions and exchanging views.
> It is a tool for generating and guaging consensus on technical issues.
> Regardless of heat, this mailing list must address the issue of whether
> filtering SHOULD (in the special meaning of RFC 2119) be done during
> the SMTP transaction.  If we can't reach consensus on such a fundamental
> and simple issue, then this mailing list is distinctly worse than useless.

That's true. Since filtering in some form is probably going to be some part
of any realistic solution we ought to be able to get a handle on how things
behave when a filter intervenes.

I don't think there's a simple answer.  I would like to base the answer
around the idea that some types of filtering can appropriately be treated as
being the same as the end-user discarding the mail from his inbox, while
others are more like the MTA being unable to deliver. But there's also the
question of not sending bounces to forged Mail_From addresses. Here are some
ideas:

We can consider 4 main cases.

1) the filter simply diverts mail into the users junk mail folder, or in
some wasy annotates it so that the MUA will show it as probable spam.  In
this case the MTA must not bounce and must not reject in the SMTP
transaction, since the mail is being delivered correctly.

2) the filter discards mail based on content (including content headers) and
not solely on the envelope. There are a couple of subcases here:
(a) the end-user (envelope recipient) has expressed a desire not to receive
this mail: in this case I can't see that it's any different (so far as the
sender is concerned) from the end user noticing it in his inbox and deleting
it.  The MTA should not reject during the SMTP transaction and should not
generate a bounce.
(b) this is nothing to do with the end user, it's MTA policy - so the mail
was undeliverable by this MTAs rules. Here I think the MTA should generate a
bounce but may reject the mail in the SMTP transaction if the sender is
pipelining - sending the data before knowing whether there is an error.

3) the filter discards mail based on the smtp envelope only. Since the end
user doesn't see the envelope, only the content, there's no way an end user
could base a decision to delete mail from his inbox based on the envelope -
the mail is undeliverable, and the MTA must say so. This should be done
using an error response within the smtp transaction. If the sender is
pipelining and has closed the connection before an error can be raised, a
bounce may be generated.

4) This consideration overrides 2 and 3 above: Because we don't live in an
ideal world, bounce messages may be bad news.  An MTA which can detect
envelope forgery (using RMX or Cryptographic Authentication or HELO domain
non-existence forward Received-From: chain verification or whatever other
future or existing it may have) and discards a message which it knows to be
forged MUST NOT generate a bounce.

Tom

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From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Subject: [Asrg] ACK4
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 11:01:18 -0700

At 10:25 AM 5/21/03 +0100, Jon Kyme wrote:
>
>>The biggest practical problems I can think of for per-user filters
>>using the milter mechanism are that sendmail wants to do things
>>with the UID "daemon" or equivalent and that the SMTP protocol
>>doesn't let the SMTP server answer the DATA command with "250-ok
>>for Rcpt #1, 550-spam for Rcpt #2, and 450-try-later for Rcpt #3."
>>
>
>
>Personally, I think the easiest solution to this problem is to modify the
>semantics of 250 after DATA such that in the case of a message with
>multiple RCPT TO we shouldn't *require* that a notification be generated
>for a "delivery failure" if this "failure" is an action requested by a
>mailbox "owner".
>
>Such a change would effectively give different QOS to the two classes of
>messages.
>
>If a sender needs the higher QOS then it needs to stick to one RCPT TO per
>message, a sender that doesn't need it (or doesn't care) can
>bundle them.
>
>

If you're going to change SMTP,
I think it's better to create a new commands rather than modify old ones.
In this case, I'd suggest two new commands.
A "DATA4" which works like DATA and an ACK4 which doesn't
work like anything currently.

The only real difference between DATA and DATA4 is that after 
the message is sent, a separate ACK4 for each recipient is generated.
(I'm tempted to add a message size, like DATA4 n_bytes, but because
 of end of line madness that's not always easy to measure.)


ACK4 is essentially a repeat of the RCPT TO at the beginning of the
transaction, but now the receiver has the message and (presumably)
already knows what policy to enforce for it.  For example, if
one mailbox has a quota of 2 Megabytes, then messages over that
size can now be rejected in the SMTP stage.

Some advantages;
No need to negotiate if the sender understands the acks,
if they send DATA4/ACK4 they do, if not, they don't.

Extra handshake reduces time during the race condition
and reduces the subsequent danger of duplicate messages.


Some disadvantages;
Only useful if both sender and receiver have implemented it.
Till then it's just dead code/wasted text in the specification.

6 more bytes in every EHLO transaction.

Yet another RFC.


Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 14:01:15 -0400


> > At 6:00 AM +0900 5/20/03, Shannon Jacobs wrote:
> >> However, I've already said that I think the obvious solution is to
> >> provide an alternative cash-up-front email system. There are plenty
> >> of things wrong with snail mail, but it does work quite effectively
> >> in limiting the volume of physical spam we receive
> >

As a technical standards group, we can define the general protocol that can 
be used for such systems leaving the actual implementations aside. This is 
similar to the efforts on developing an interworking C/R protocol by Eric 
Dean. Just like all other solutions (C/R for ex.), an economic up-front 
system will not be acceptable to everyone and not everyone will be using 
it. As Dave Crocker states in his draft 
(http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-crocker-spam-techconsider-01.txt):

"it is not clear that it is possible to retroactively fit the necessary 
mechanisms to Internet mail. Its complete absence from the current service 
and the existence of anonymous and free email services may provide too much 
operational inertia.  It is also not clear who should receive the fees or 
how they should be disbursed."

Therefore, I think we should look at such systems as one of the possible 
solutions against spam. There are already some startups that use this 
system. Our goal as a standards group should be on standardizing a protocol 
that can be used by many such systems to interoperate among themselves. 
Whether the actual systems SHOULD be implemented or recommended is a 
different question, but based on what we are seeing now, some of these 
systems already exists and more will be implemented - just like the many 
C/R systems. Our goal is to make sure they interoperate.

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 14:02:49 -0400


> > At 6:00 AM +0900 5/20/03, Shannon Jacobs wrote:
> >> However, I've already said that I think the obvious solution is to
> >> provide an alternative cash-up-front email system. There are plenty
> >> of things wrong with snail mail, but it does work quite effectively
> >> in limiting the volume of physical spam we receive
> >

As a technical standards group, we can define the general protocol that can 
be used for such systems leaving the actual implementations aside. This is 
similar to the efforts on developing an interworking C/R protocol by Eric 
Dean. Just like all other solutions (C/R for ex.), an economic up-front 
system will not be acceptable to everyone and not everyone will be using 
it. As Dave Crocker states in his draft 
(http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-crocker-spam-techconsider-01.txt):

"it is not clear that it is possible to retroactively fit the necessary 
mechanisms to Internet mail. Its complete absence from the current service 
and the existence of anonymous and free email services may provide too much 
operational inertia.  It is also not clear who should receive the fees or 
how they should be disbursed."

Therefore, I think we should look at such systems as one of the possible 
solutions against spam. There are already some startups that use this 
system. Our goal as a standards group should be on standardizing a protocol 
that can be used by many such systems to interoperate among themselves. 
Whether the actual systems SHOULD be implemented or recommended is a 
different question, but based on what we are seeing now, some of these 
systems already exists and more will be implemented - just like the many 
C/R systems. Our goal is to make sure they interoperate.

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 14:03:36 -0400

At 11:02 PM 5/20/2003 -0400, Eric D. Williams wrote:

>I would like people to seriously consider this particular paragraph. It seems
>to touch on the vital issue of how 'spam' is produced in the wild and the
>automated means for its insertion into the MTS.  Whether an SMTP 
>implementation
>is 'modern' or not is not relevant to the issue IMHO, but that is a factor in
>determining what the footprint is for the various tools and techniques are 
>that
>are being utilized.
>
>Has anyone done a forensic examination of 'spamware' and/or developed a
>taxonomy of its internals?
>Will knowing the 'weapons' - to co-opt an analogy being proposed by some - 
>aid
>in defeating the 'enemy'?
>Are there any other 'artifacts' not directly related to the 'spam' problem,
>that can aid in determining methods to defeat 'it'?
>
>-e

If you remember that article from the Oregonian about a spammer talking 
about his business, he mentioned that spammers operate all kinds of clubs 
and chatrooms where such software is discussed and developed. The only way 
to obtain this software, is for someone to find a cooperating spammer (like 
that's going to happen!) or "infiltrate" these clubs acting as a spammer. 
That requires time and effort, and all of us are working people with not 
much of that going around. The spammer discussed in the article was 
unemployed I believe, and had plenty of free time.

Nevertheless, if anyone possesses or has any type of spam software, please 
come forward.

Yakov  

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cc: asrg@ietf.org, brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Shannon Jacob's article on spam 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 21 May 2003 14:01:15 EDT."
             <5.2.0.9.2.20030521135403.00b9cfe0@std5.imagineis.com> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 14:16:51 -0400

> As a technical standards group ...

I must have fallen asleep.

> ... Our goal as a standards group ...

Of course, I was a narcoleptic. (Seabrook, Diablo Canyon, Rocky Flats, ...)

> ... Our goal is to make sure they interoperate.

Wake me when we get to "tractible", and I can change from the IRTF tram
to the IETF tram.

Eric
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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses 
In-Reply-To: Message from Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> 
   of "Wed, 21 May 2003 14:03:36 EDT." <5.2.0.9.2.20030521140334.00ba68e8@solidmatrix.com> 
From: jm@jmason.org (Justin Mason)
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 11:32:09 -0700


Yakov Shafranovich said:
> At 11:02 PM 5/20/2003 -0400, Eric D. Williams wrote:
> >Has anyone done a forensic examination of 'spamware' and/or developed a
> >taxonomy of its internals?  Will knowing the 'weapons' - to co-opt an
> >analogy being proposed by some - aid in defeating the 'enemy'?  Are
> >there any other 'artifacts' not directly related to the 'spam' problem,
> >that can aid in determining methods to defeat 'it'?
> 
> If you remember that article from the Oregonian about a spammer talking
> about his business, he mentioned that spammers operate all kinds of
> clubs and chatrooms where such software is discussed and developed. The
> only way to obtain this software, is for someone to find a cooperating
> spammer (like that's going to happen!) or "infiltrate" these clubs
> acting as a spammer.  That requires time and effort, and all of us are
> working people with not much of that going around. The spammer discussed
> in the article was unemployed I believe, and had plenty of free time.
> 
> Nevertheless, if anyone possesses or has any type of spam software,
> please come forward.

I have heard from "white hat" people with some in their possession --
usually obtained from cracked or trojaned boxes, where the spamware is
running (and relaying spam!) when discovered.

In addition, I hear that some of the tools can be downloaded quite simply
from the web!  Search google for "bulk mail stealth download" and there
should be a few hits.

Unfortunately I do not have access to any code myself.

BTW, it would be instructive if someone who has access to one, and the
know-how to decompile it, could examine its sending code and indicate
whether it uses randomly-generated addresses, or a static list of existing
ones loaded from a config file, for the addresses used in the MAIL FROM
SMTP command and From: header.  

--j.
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From: Paul Judge <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>
To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>,
        "'asrg@ietf.org'"
	 <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: This is a research group not a standards group (was RE: [Asrg] Sh
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 14:14:18 -0400


> As a technical standards group, we can define the general 
> protocol that can 
> be used for such systems leaving the actual implementations 
> aside. This is 
> similar to the efforts on developing an interworking C/R 
> protocol by Eric 
> Dean. Just like all other solutions (C/R for ex.), an 
> economic up-front 
> system will not be acceptable to everyone and not everyone 
> will be using 
> it. As Dave Crocker states in his draft 
> (http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-crocker-spam-techco
nsider-01.txt):

>"it is not clear that it is possible to retroactively fit the necessary 
>mechanisms to Internet mail. Its complete absence from the current service 
>and the existence of anonymous and free email services may provide too much

>operational inertia.  It is also not clear who should receive the fees or 
>how they should be disbursed."

>Therefore, I think we should look at such systems as one of the possible 
>solutions against spam. There are already some startups that use this 
>system. Our goal as a standards group should be on standardizing a protocol

>that can be used by many such systems to interoperate among themselves. 
>Whether the actual systems SHOULD be implemented or recommended is a 
>different question, but based on what we are seeing now, some of these 
>systems already exists and more will be implemented - just like the many 
>C/R systems. Our goal is to make sure they interoperate.

This seems to be a common misunderstanding. This is the Anti-Spam Research
Group. We are not a 'standards group'.  We are here to conduct research
focused on the spam problem. Specifically, our purpose is "to understand the
problem and collectively propose and evaluate solutions to the problem." So,
while we "may develop certain technologies that could serve as a starting
point for standardization efforts within the IETF", we still have a
responsibility to provide a voice towards recommending particular solutions
based on our understanding of the problem, view of the solution space, and
evaluation of solutions.
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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: This is a research group not a standards group (was RE:
  [Asrg] Sh annon Jacob's article on spam)
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 14:48:21 -0400

At 02:14 PM 5/21/2003 -0400, Paul Judge wrote:

> > As a technical standards group, we can define the general
> > protocol that can
> > be used for such systems leaving the actual implementations
> > aside. This is
> > similar to the efforts on developing an interworking C/R
> > protocol by Eric
> > Dean. Just like all other solutions (C/R for ex.), an
> > economic up-front
> > system will not be acceptable to everyone and not everyone
> > will be using
> > it. As Dave Crocker states in his draft
> > (http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-crocker-spam-techco
>nsider-01.txt):
>
> >"it is not clear that it is possible to retroactively fit the necessary
> >mechanisms to Internet mail. Its complete absence from the current service
> >and the existence of anonymous and free email services may provide too much
>
> >operational inertia.  It is also not clear who should receive the fees or
> >how they should be disbursed."
>
> >Therefore, I think we should look at such systems as one of the possible
> >solutions against spam. There are already some startups that use this
> >system. Our goal as a standards group should be on standardizing a protocol
>
> >that can be used by many such systems to interoperate among themselves.
> >Whether the actual systems SHOULD be implemented or recommended is a
> >different question, but based on what we are seeing now, some of these
> >systems already exists and more will be implemented - just like the many
> >C/R systems. Our goal is to make sure they interoperate.
>
>This seems to be a common misunderstanding. This is the Anti-Spam Research
>Group. We are not a 'standards group'.  We are here to conduct research
>focused on the spam problem. Specifically, our purpose is "to understand the
>problem and collectively propose and evaluate solutions to the problem." So,
>while we "may develop certain technologies that could serve as a starting
>point for standardization efforts within the IETF", we still have a
>responsibility to provide a voice towards recommending particular solutions
>based on our understanding of the problem, view of the solution space, and
>evaluation of solutions.

Thank you for pointing this out, I got carried away a bit.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] ACK4
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 13:15:46 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>

> At 10:25 AM 5/21/03 +0100, Jon Kyme wrote:

> ...
> >Personally, I think the easiest solution to this problem is to modify the
> >semantics of 250 after DATA such that in the case of a message with
> >multiple RCPT TO we shouldn't *require* that a notification be generated
> >for a "delivery failure" if this "failure" is an action requested by a
> >mailbox "owner".
> ...

> If you're going to change SMTP,

When I first read Mr. Kyme's message, I ground my teeth at what I
thought was yet another worse than useless proposal to change SMTP
and then wait 15 or 20 years until the changes might or might not be
widely deployed and possibly start to have some effect, possibly but
probably not the intended effects.  Then I re-read it and realized
that it is not a proposal to change SMTP as SMTP is actually implemented,
installed, and used.  It instead would merely sanctify a well understood
mode that is already common in real life.  For example, that proposal
is the tactic I chose to deal with the protocol problem in the DCC clients.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] ACK4
To: "Scott Nelson"  <scott@spamwolf.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 20:19:46 +0100

> >Personally, I think the easiest solution to this problem is to modify
> the
> >semantics of 250 after DATA such that in the case of a message with
> >multiple RCPT TO we shouldn't *require* that a notification be generated
> >for a "delivery failure" if this "failure" is an action requested by a
> >mailbox "owner".
> >
>
> 
> 
> If you're going to change SMTP,
> I think it's better to create a new commands rather than modify old ones.

No, I don't believe so. A change such as I suggested is backward compatible
and works right away. I think. I'm not particularly attached to the idea.

> In this case, I'd suggest two new commands.
> Some disadvantages;
> Only useful if both sender and receiver have implemented it.
> Till then it's just dead code/wasted text in the specification.
> 

You've raised the killer objection to your own idea.






--
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SHOULD filtering be done as part of SMTP transaction (was RE: Som e data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses)
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 20:27:32 +0100

> 
> We should articulate the benefits of providing filtering within the
> transaction as well as explain the implications of not doing so.
> 

I'd be happy to have a go at getting this together.







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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 15:28:44 -0400

At 11:32 AM 5/21/2003 -0700, you wrote:

>BTW, it would be instructive if someone who has access to one, and the
>know-how to decompile it, could examine its sending code and indicate
>whether it uses randomly-generated addresses, or a static list of existing
>ones loaded from a config file, for the addresses used in the MAIL FROM
>SMTP command and From: header.

I think it would me helpful if we can get all the information we can out of 
such tools. Is there anyone that can provide such information or perhaps 
have some "white-hat" friends that do?

Yakov  

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] ACK4
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From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 20:43:36 +0100

>> >Personally, I think the easiest solution to this problem is to modify
>
>> If you're going to change SMTP,
>
>When I first read Mr. Kyme's message, I ground my teeth 

Look after your teeth Mr. Schryver, unless you're very young
or very unusual they'll have to last you out.

>It instead would merely sanctify a well understood
>mode that is already common in real life.  

"merely sanctify"?  How about "document"?
But hey, well-spotted.





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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 13:51:23 -0700

>> >Personally, I think the easiest solution to this problem is to modify
>> the
>> >semantics of 250 after DATA such that in the case of a message with
>> >multiple RCPT TO we shouldn't *require* that a notification be generated
>> >for a "delivery failure" if this "failure" is an action requested by a
>> >mailbox "owner".
>> >
>>
>> 
>> 
>> If you're going to change SMTP,
>> I think it's better to create a new commands rather than modify old ones.
>
>No, I don't believe so. A change such as I suggested is backward compatible
>and works right away. I think. I'm not particularly attached to the idea.
>

It's only compatable if you think changing the QoS on a multi rcpt
message is compatible.  I can see the point of view, but I don't share it.

Don't get me wrong, I like the idea of dropping bounces - they are
the bane of my mail systems existance and many if not most are
ignored anyway.  But if the Bob is delivering a share holders report
that's larger than Alice accepts, I don't believe he's going to like
not being told Alice didn't get it because he also sent a copy to 
Charlie.  Especially when it didn't work that way last quarter.


>> In this case, I'd suggest two new commands.
>> Some disadvantages;
>> Only useful if both sender and receiver have implemented it.
>> Till then it's just dead code/wasted text in the specification.
>> 
>
>You've raised the killer objection to your own idea.
>

I grant that it's a large objection, but it applies to almost any 
change proposed.  It's nothing more or less than a large cost.
The cost may or may not exceed the benefit.  Since I'm a bit
unclear what the benefit to any of the three proposals is,
the killerness of the objection is also unclear to me.

I'm not trying to imply that implementing ACK4 would make SMTP 
better in general, just better than the multi-line ack to 
data previously suggested.
If no one accepts ACK4, then it doesn't hurt anything
(well, beyond the 6 extra bytes in a EHLO)
Changing the meaning of a response effects everyone
who /doesn't/ upgrade.


Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] ACK4
To: <scott@spamwolf.com>
From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
Cc: "ASRG" <asrg@ietf.org>
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Date: Wed, 21 May 2003 22:30:33 +0100

>>> If you're going to change SMTP,
>>> I think it's better to create a new commands rather than modify old
>ones.
>>
>>No, I don't believe so. A change such as I suggested is backward
>compatible
>>
>
>
>It's only compatable if you think changing the QoS on a multi rcpt
>message is compatible.  I can see the point of view, but I don't share it.
>
>Don't get me wrong, I like the idea of dropping bounces - they are
>the bane of my mail systems existance and many if not most are
>ignored anyway.  But if the Bob is delivering a share holders report
>that's larger than Alice accepts, I don't believe he's going to like
>not being told Alice didn't get it because he also sent a copy to 
>Charlie.  Especially when it didn't work that way last quarter.
>

But if Alice was silently dropping the message last quarter.
Bob is no worse off. 

In fact, since this behaviour is (from the start of this quarter)
standardized, Bob now knows that if he needs the QOS he was *assuming*
to be in place, he can ask for it. Alice can give him an appropriate
negative response after DATA. No changes needed to the syntax or sequencing
(or number)
of commands.

 

>I grant that it's a large objection, but it applies to almost any 
>change proposed.  It's nothing more or less than a large cost.
>The cost may or may not exceed the benefit.  


Your ACK4 needs wide deployment - and that takes years.

>Changing the meaning of a response effects everyone
>who /doesn't/ upgrade.
>

No, not in practice.  If I get all positive responses and no DSN
I still don't know that my message actually gets to the mailbox.

What does a 250 after data *mean* to the sender now?





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On Wednesday, May 21, 2003 10:41 AM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
8<...>8
> Regardless of heat, this mailing list must address the issue of whether
> filtering SHOULD (in the special meaning of RFC 2119) be done during
> the SMTP transaction.  If we can't reach consensus on such a fundamental
> and simple issue, then this mailing list is distinctly worse than useless.

I agree.  I have been closely following this thread.  Though I won't at this 
point go into a diatribe concerning why, if anyone wants to discuss it hit me 
off-list. If there were a specific proposal associated with this concept, I 
certainly would be strongly leaning toward the idea that on this issue of where 
filtering as a mechanism to address RECEIVING spam is placed, is a SHOULD.

-e
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        Yakov Shafranovich
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On Wednesday, May 21, 2003 2:32 PM, Justin Mason [SMTP:jm@jmason.org] wrote:
8<...>8
> BTW, it would be instructive if someone who has access to one, and the
> know-how to decompile it, could examine its sending code and indicate
> whether it uses randomly-generated addresses, or a static list of existing
> ones loaded from a config file, for the addresses used in the MAIL FROM
> SMTP command and From: header.

You nailed it. That's where I am coming from exactly, I can do the forensics, 
or aid in decompilation and disassembly of it, however the key is to gain 
possession of some known working examples, and unfortunately (or fortunately 
for me) I have not had to 'deal with the zombies'.  In any event, if some code 
should become available I would be interested in developing the 'spamware' 
taxonomy.  Thanks for the search pointers J.

-e
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 > > As I noted in my mail.  This appears to be happening now--although I
 > > had not seen symptoms of it before.  Is anyone else starting to see
 > > low-level occasional bounce back from spam?
 > >
 > > Prior to that, all of the bounce-back instances I had heard of or
 > > experienced (and I used to get one or two a week) were major--where
 > > the entire spam load got sent out with the same return address.

Could this be that spammer tactic where they pair names and forge the
From: to appear to be coming from someone they think you might have
whitelisted?

For those wondering what I'm talking about, consider an RFC with two
(or more) authors' and their e-mail addresses in the text. The spammer
culls this info and sends spam to each author forging the other author
as the From:. So their target lists start to become pairs of addresses
to use as the From/To (one assumes they're usually symmetrical) rather
than just single address. Another example might be forging the From:
to be asrg@ietf.com and sending that to addresses culled from this
list.

This has definitely been going on, although not a lot. In my
experience the victim knew immediately just where the other half of
the pair came from (e.g., a co-author or similar.)

So perhaps the above was just a bad pairing, the other half no longer
is at that address etc.?

Anyhow, even not, informational for someone here no doubt.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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On May 21, 2003 at 08:59 jrk@merseymail.com (Jon Kyme) wrote:
 > I think that now we're all in agreement that 
 > (a) spam filtering should be per-user
 > (b) we should reject in SMTP where possible

Plus or minus begging the use of the conditional "should" I'm not
necessarily in agreement.

Unfortunately, spam is often (nearly) indistinguishable from a
denial-of-service attack.

As I've reported here previously I've had the same spam spewing
simultaneously from over 200 different IP addresses.

You can't limit your response to such an attack to walking up to each
door in the neighborhood and knocking and seeing if the lady or
gentleman of the house is available and waiting for them to pull some
clothes on so you can all sit down and have nice cup of coffee and
proceed to explore together whether this battery of incoming cluster
bombs moving at mach 2 might actually be something they want.

If you get my drift.

So, to paraphrase Kee's suggestion:

  > Spam is in the eye of the beholder.

So are denial of service attacks.

I claim spam is looking more and more like DoS than just a little
annoying junk to sort through.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
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Date: Thu, 22 May 2003 07:14:21 +0100

> 
> On May 21, 2003 at 08:59 jrk@merseymail.com (Jon Kyme) wrote:
>  > I think that now we're all in agreement that 
>  > (a) spam filtering should be per-user
>  > (b) we should reject in SMTP where possible
> 
> 
> Plus or minus begging the use of the conditional "should" I'm not
> necessarily in agreement.
> 
> Unfortunately, spam is often (nearly) indistinguishable from a
> denial-of-service attack.
> 
> As I've reported here previously I've had the same spam spewing
> simultaneously from over 200 different IP addresses.
> 


I don't believe that an acceptance that filtering should best be per-user
doesn't preclude administrators taking steps to preserve their systems
in the face of "attack".








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Subject: RE: [Asrg] SHOULD filtering be done as part of SMTP transaction
To: "Barry Shein"  <bzs@world.std.com>
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Date: Thu, 22 May 2003 07:17:03 +0100

Sorry - double negative - d'oh
Should have been:

I don't believe that an acceptance that filtering should best be per-user
will preclude administrators taking steps to preserve their systems
in the face of "attack".








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Subject: Re: [Asrg] ACK4
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Date: Thu, 22 May 2003 00:17:39 -0700

At 10:30 PM 5/21/03 +0100, Jon Kyme wrote:
>>>> If you're going to change SMTP,
>>>> I think it's better to create a new commands rather than modify old
>>ones.
>>>
>>>No, I don't believe so. A change such as I suggested is backward
>>compatible
>>>
>>
>>
>>It's only compatable if you think changing the QoS on a multi rcpt
>>message is compatible.  I can see the point of view, but I don't share it.
>>
>>Don't get me wrong, I like the idea of dropping bounces - they are
>>the bane of my mail systems existance and many if not most are
>>ignored anyway.  But if the Bob is delivering a share holders report
>>that's larger than Alice accepts, I don't believe he's going to like
>>not being told Alice didn't get it because he also sent a copy to 
>>Charlie.  Especially when it didn't work that way last quarter.
>>
>
>But if Alice was silently dropping the message last quarter.
>Bob is no worse off. 
>

That violates my supposition that 
"it didn't work that way last quarter".
I suppose one could claim that that's an unreasonable supposition,
but I don't believe that's what you were trying to do.
Yes, sometimes it's the same as before, but sometimes it's not.
I'm not concerned about the times when it's the same as before.


>In fact, since this behaviour is (from the start of this quarter)
>standardized, Bob now knows that if he needs the QOS he was *assuming*
>to be in place, he can ask for it. Alice can give him an appropriate
>negative response after DATA. No changes needed to the syntax or sequencing
>(or number)
>of commands.
>

I guess I'm not understanding the proposal.
If it's documenting that "The sender shouldn't depend on getting 
notified if the email isn't delivered, especially if sent it to 
more than one recipient"  then ok.
I'd also add that it would probably be a good idea to add 
"MTAs SHOULD NOT combine identical messages to a single domain 
when they are queued separately since it's possible that the sender 
was attempting to get a higher quality of service."

If it's documenting the practice of not sending a DSN when there's 
more than one recipient, and claiming that as MAY or even worse SHOULD, 
then not ok.



> 
>
>>I grant that it's a large objection, but it applies to almost any 
>>change proposed.  It's nothing more or less than a large cost.
>>The cost may or may not exceed the benefit.  
>
>
>Your ACK4 needs wide deployment - and that takes years.
>

I expect many people would never adopt it.
Some would always think it's new and therefore, bad.
But when two parties connect and both have implemented it,
they gain the benefit of having done so.  
In the case where only one has, there is no difference.
In other words, ACK4 describes a way in which consent for it's 
use is implicit in the very act of using it.


If you change the probability of receiving a DSN based on
number of recipients, then even a party who chooses
not to implement it will be forced to change their behavior
if they want the best chance of it working the old way.
I.e. instead of sending messages in batches, 
they now must send each message separately.
Thus this would increase the number of senders who send
a separate message to each recipient.  I get penalized every time 
one of those users sends two of my users the same message, 
even if I think "the proposal is new and therefore, bad.".
I don't see any way to not consent to the change.


>>Changing the meaning of a response effects everyone
>>who /doesn't/ upgrade.
>>
>
>No, not in practice.  If I get all positive responses and no DSN
>I still don't know that my message actually gets to the mailbox.
>
>What does a 250 after data *mean* to the sender now?
>

Well if I'm the sender, it means I expect the receiver to behave as 
RFC 2821 specifies, to wit:


6.1 Reliable Delivery and Replies by Email

   When the receiver-SMTP accepts a piece of mail (by sending a "250 OK"
   message in response to DATA), it is accepting responsibility for
   delivering or relaying the message.  It must take this responsibility
   seriously.  It MUST NOT lose the message for frivolous reasons, such
   as because the host later crashes or because of a predictable
   resource shortage.

   If there is a delivery failure after acceptance of a message, the
   receiver-SMTP MUST formulate and mail a notification message.



I personally don't expect the receiver to always succeed, 
but if 2821 says MUST, I expect a best effort attempt.  
I don't see an exception like "... unless two recipients
are specified and one thinks you're a spammer, 
in which case you can skip the notification message when you
don't deliver to that one."

If the receiver doesn't try and send a DSN, then I'm likely to refer 
to their mail system as "non-compliant" in public, and something 
less polite in private.


Of course, it's unlikely the receiver will do anything other 
than what they damn well please, but even if most people don't 
bother with DSNs currently, it does not follow that not sending
them is BCP.  Nor does it follow that because notification of 
delivery failure is not guaranteed, it's ok to recommend 
second best effort to deliver said notification.

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] ACK4
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Date: Thu, 22 May 2003 11:00:08 +0100

> >>that's larger than Alice accepts, I don't believe he's going to like
> >>not being told Alice didn't get it because he also sent a copy to 
> >>Charlie.  Especially when it didn't work that way last quarter.
> >>
> >
> >But if Alice was silently dropping the message last quarter.
> >Bob is no worse off. 
> >
> 
> 
> That violates my supposition that 
> "it didn't work that way last quarter".
> I suppose one could claim that that's an unreasonable supposition,
> but I don't believe that's what you were trying to do.


No it doesn't. I posit the case where it didn't work "last quarter".
Your objection stands, given your preconditions.

> Yes, sometimes it's the same as before, but sometimes it's not.
> I'm not concerned about the times when it's the same as before.
> 

You should be - these are also valid cases.

> 
> >In fact, since this behaviour is (from the start of this quarter)
> >standardized, Bob now knows that if he needs the QOS he was *assuming*
> >to be in place, he can ask for it. Alice can give him an appropriate
> >negative response after DATA. No changes needed to the syntax or
> sequencing
> >(or number)
> >of commands.
> >
> 
> I guess I'm not understanding the proposal.
> If it's documenting that "The sender shouldn't depend on getting 
> notified if the email isn't delivered, especially if sent it to 
> more than one recipient"  then ok.
> I'd also add that it would probably be a good idea to add 
> "MTAs SHOULD NOT combine identical messages to a single domain 
> when they are queued separately since it's possible that the sender 
> was attempting to get a higher quality of service."
> 

You may be right, and if anyone ever formally proposes such a thing, they'd
probably be wise to include something along these lines.

> If it's documenting the practice of not sending a DSN when there's 
> more than one recipient, and claiming that as MAY or even worse SHOULD, 
> then not ok.
> 

Oooh, no, I didn't suggest any such thing (please see below).

> 
> 
> 
> 
> If you change the probability of receiving a DSN based on
> number of recipients, then even a party who chooses
> not to implement it will be forced to change their behavior
> if they want the best chance of it working the old way.
> I.e. instead of sending messages in batches, 
> they now must send each message separately.

Yes. If they want to explicitly request the QOS that they were assuming.

> Thus this would increase the number of senders who send
> a separate message to each recipient.  I get penalized every time 
> one of those users sends two of my users the same message, 



But you've failed to consider any possible advantages.
Senders of bulk-mail (those who ask for the high QOS) are 
penalised to the same extent. Overall costs in the MTS *may* increase
or may not - it's not clear. Some study (or modeling) might be useful.

Such a change might allow you to provide per-user filtering at the MTA (a
selling proposition) without impacting the overall reliability
of the MTS. It's not easy to say (even if you're a net receiver of mail)
that the costs outweigh the benefits. Costs at the boundary
are not the only costs. It's not clear that you are (on balance)
penalized.



> even if I think "the proposal is new and therefore, bad.".
> I don't see any way to not consent to the change.
> 
> 
> >>Changing the meaning of a response effects everyone
> >>who /doesn't/ upgrade.
> >>
> >
> >No, not in practice.  If I get all positive responses and no DSN
> >I still don't know that my message actually gets to the mailbox.
> >
> >What does a 250 after data *mean* to the sender now?
> >
> 
> Well if I'm the sender, it means I expect the receiver to behave as 
> RFC 2821 specifies, to wit:
> 

No, that's your expectation. This is a string emitted by the receiver. It
does not *mean* that the receiver is behaving in strict accordance with RFC
2821.

> 
> 6.1 Reliable Delivery and Replies by Email
> 
>    When the receiver-SMTP accepts a piece of mail (by sending a "250 OK"
>    message in response to DATA), it is accepting responsibility for
>    delivering or relaying the message.  It must take this responsibility
>    seriously.  It MUST NOT lose the message for frivolous reasons, such
>    as because the host later crashes or because of a predictable
>    resource shortage.
> 
>    If there is a delivery failure after acceptance of a message, the
>    receiver-SMTP MUST formulate and mail a notification message.
> 
>

And that's the problem, not that 2821 says "MUST" regarding DATA,
but that it says MUST regarding the notification. I've always thought it
strange that the protocol spec. relies on (what is effectively) OOB
communication. Also, it's kindof a moot point whether blackholing (say)
based on policy *is* a "delivery failure".

My point is that MUST DSN (in all cases) may be too strong. 
Maybe what I suggested might be better called "clarification"

Another curiosity in 2821 is "Rejection of messages (for excessive
recipients) with fewer than 100 RCPT commands is a violation of this
specification. ". I guess this was intended as some kind of optimization.
And we all know about premature optimization. This
is another area where many systems cheerfully fail to comply.
 
> 
> I personally don't expect the receiver to always succeed, 
> but if 2821 says MUST, I expect a best effort attempt.  
> I don't see an exception like "... unless two recipients
> are specified and one thinks you're a spammer, 
> in which case you can skip the notification message when you
> don't deliver to that one."
> 
> If the receiver doesn't try and send a DSN, then I'm likely to refer 
> to their mail system as "non-compliant" in public, and something 
> less polite in private.
> 

So you'd expect a DSN if a recipient deletes a message without reading it?
No, of course not. What if the MTA is behaving as the
users agent?

> 
> Of course, it's unlikely the receiver will do anything other 
> than what they damn well please, but even if most people don't 
> bother with DSNs currently, it does not follow that not sending
> them is BCP.  Nor does it follow that because notification of 
> delivery failure is not guaranteed, it's ok to recommend 
> second best effort to deliver said notification.
> 

No, such a proposal "merely" (thanks V.S.) documents the current reality.
Things change, you may not like it, but it's true.

Conservative positions are valuable, without them we wouldn't have the
required stability. I respect your position, but I urge you to consider
possible benefits of change.
All change is not bad, even if it's associated with costs.

 
 






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From: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Shannon Jacob's article on spam
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Date: Thu, 22 May 2003 11:39:10 -0600

From: "Shannon Jacobs" <shanen@acm.org>
>There are plenty of things wrong
>with snail mail, but it does work quite effectively in limiting the volume
>of physical spam we receive

Many people cite the lack of substantial ammounts of Snail-mail as a proof 
that an economic sollution to spam can work. I recieve as much Snail-mail 
spam, as i do E-mail spam.

About 2 years ago I added up the postage of all the Snail-Spam i recieved in 
a typical month. I found that Bulk Snail mailers spend over $200 per month 
in postage to send me advertisements. The volume of mail (as percieved) has 
not decreased since then. My situation is probably at the extreme end of the 
spectrum as my family has lived at the same address for over 50 years, but 
advertising in general is a multi-billion dollar per year industry. To think 
that advertisers won't pay money to send email is (i feel) an assumption 
without sufficient proof.

John Fenley

_________________________________________________________________
Protect your PC - get McAfee.com VirusScan Online  
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From: "Shannon Jacobs" <shanen@acm.org>
To: "John Fenley" <pontifier@hotmail.com>
Cc: <Asrg@ietf.org>
References: <Law12-F103NQYsvm2K60000ac0d@hotmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] [Yet another] article on spam
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Not sure how to take it, but quite sure that I don't really want to be
featured in the Subject: lines.

First, for clarification, I of course agree that snail mail junk mail
exists. It is slightly annoying, but nothing like the annoyance of spam
email. I sort my snail mail and mailbox flyers as I walk to my door, and 95%
of the junk is deposited unopened in the trash bag. I have never received a
penis enlargement or 419 solicitation via snail mail. At least the snail
mail comes from legitimate businesses, and advertising to reach customers is
one of their legitimate expenses.

However, with email we have the potential to do much better if we devise the
proper economic model. Right now the spammers are forcing us to spend
additional money handling their spam. More machines for filtering. Lawyers
to write more laws. Why can't we turn that around and spend money to offer
better email services?

I hope Mr. Fenley doesn't object to my using his situation as an example of
the potential. He reports that legitimate companies are willing to spend up
to $200/month in postage to try to get his attention and business. As he
notes, that's based on a long history at that address--but our email
addresses can follow us when we move. We know they're going to send it to
him, but wouldn't it be even better and more efficient if Mr. Fenley got
most of that advertising by email and split the savings with the
advertisers? Add in the printing costs for glossy color flyers and we can
probably guess they spend $500/month in his case, but as email, the cost of
"printing" and delivery would be much smaller. I'm just pulling numbers out
of my hat here, because we don't have a real-world business model here
(yet), but we know that copying files and email are cheap. So let's just say
that they could produce and deliver the same ads via email for $50/month
(mostly design costs), give Mr. Fenley $200/month as payment for receiving
them, and still SAVE $250/month on their advertising costs. Doesn't that
sound like an attractive economic model all around? The businesses that use
that approach reduce their costs, and Mr. Fenley gets to share in their
savings.

We still need to filter email, but we should be using those filtering cycles
to enforce OUR interests on the advertisers.

There are various anti-spam email systems out there, but so far all of the
ones I've looked at expect me to pay blackmail "insurance" charges to get
rid of the spam. This is a WRONG economic model, and I will NOT be
blackmailed.

If you know of an anti-spam email system that will block any advertising
UNLESS the advertisers pay MY price for MY time, then please tell me about
it. I'll sign up and consider my spam problem solved.

John Fenley wrote:
> From: "Shannon Jacobs" <shanen@acm.org>
>> There are plenty of things wrong
>> with snail mail, but it does work quite effectively in limiting the
>> volume of physical spam we receive
>
> Many people cite the lack of substantial amounts of Snail-mail as a
> proof that an economic solution to spam can work. I receive as much
> Snail-mail spam, as I do E-mail spam.
>
> About 2 years ago I added up the postage of all the Snail-Spam I
> received in a typical month. I found that Bulk Snail mailers spend
> over $200 per month in postage to send me advertisements. The volume
> of mail (as perceived) has not decreased since then. My situation is
> probably at the extreme end of the spectrum as my family has lived at
> the same address for over 50 years, but advertising in general is a
> multi-billion dollar per year industry. To think that advertisers
> won't pay money to send email is (I feel) an assumption without
> sufficient proof.
<snip>

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Removing the incentive to spam
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Date: Thu, 22 May 2003 19:44:59 -0400
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On Saturday, May 17, 2003, at 08:47 US/Eastern, Hallam-Baker, Phillip 
wrote:
> To first order the only people who will notice are people who are on
> dialup. The majority of Internet users would not know a megabyte if
> it hit them in the middle of the street.

Make up your mind. Unless you're talking about South Korea, the 
majority of Internet users are on dial-up. Looking at figures for 
broadband penetration vs dialup in 2002 I found figures from 8 to 25% 
across OECD countries.


mathew
[ "Let them eat bandwidth!" ]

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Date: Thu, 22 May 2003 19:26:36 -0400
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On Sunday, May 18, 2003, at 22:23 US/Eastern, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 8:27 PM -0400 5/18/03, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>> What I do expect is that users will not reply to challenges that come 
>> from strangers - if spammers start using someone's email address for 
>> the "FROM"
>
> I fear you are being optimistic.  Having spent much more time than I 
> would like doing email customer support, I tend to think that you'll 
> get two major categories of responses.
> 	1. Scared by challenge, doesn't reply to any.
> 	2. Finally figured out that challenges are okay, replies to all.
> I can't offer concrete evidence for that.

Consider the ActiveX warnings about unsigned code. How effective have 
they been at deterring the spread of web-installed spyware?


mathew

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From: "Jed Margolin" <jmsml@jmargolin.com>
To: <Asrg@ietf.org>
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Well, it's finally happened.

I have received my first spam sent to the email account I sent up just for
this list.

It's from  "Dr Kamal Oseni" <ka_oseni@mailsurf.com>.

Did anyone else get it?


It looks bad if the world's Internet experts can't even keep their own
mailing list
from getting hacked (harvested?) by spammers.

JM



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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
References: <p06001227baeddbf491c3@[192.168.1.104]>
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Date: Thu, 22 May 2003 22:40:46 -0500

In <200305190208.h4J28JNw009481@calcite.rhyolite.com> Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com> writes:

> ] From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
>
> ] ...
> ] Understood.  One reason I chose a recent sample was to try and avoid 
> ] missing accounts due shutdown.  Those tests were run within 24 hours 
> ] of the time I received the email.  Of course, we have no way of 
> ] knowing when the spammer set up their software, or how long they've 
> ] been using that particular account.
>
> Some people use (or talk about using) a Rcpt_To test on sender
> addresses to detect spam.  Their false positive and negative ratios
> would be interesting.

I run exim with "sender_verify_hosts_callback" enabled.  This causes
exim to connect back to the sending domain and uses a "MAIL FROM:<>",
"RCPT TO:<envelope_from@sending.domain>" pair off commands to make
sure a potential bounce would be accepted.

It rejects quite a bit of email, but probably 60-80% of the spam
passes the test.

From what I can tell, the false positives are very low.  While systems
may not reject an invalid email address immediately, they shouldn't
ever reject valid email addresses.  The biggest problem I've had has
been with some yahoo groups mailing lists where Yahoo's "bounce MTA"s
were refusing connections.  In this situation, exim would give a
temporary failure, and Yahoo would try again, but only a few times.  I
ended up adding a special case exception for them.


-wayne

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SHOULD filtering be done as part of SMTP transaction (was RE: Som e data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses)
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From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>
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Date: Fri, 23 May 2003 14:32:46 +0100

I've made a start on an overview of filtering in SMTP
(regarding anti-spam efforts).

It's very preliminary.

It'd be very grateful for any comments and suggestions.
It's here:
http://www.merseymail.com/asrg/Filter-SMTP-0-1.txt









--
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200305231812.h4NICR2E011222@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Fri, 23 May 2003 12:12:27 -0600 (MDT)

> From: wayne <wayne@midwestcs.com>

> ...
> I run exim with "sender_verify_hosts_callback" enabled.  This causes
> exim to connect back to the sending domain and uses a "MAIL FROM:<>",
> "RCPT TO:<envelope_from@sending.domain>" pair off commands to make
> sure a potential bounce would be accepted.
>
> It rejects quite a bit of email, but probably 60-80% of the spam
> passes the test.
> ...

One reading of that is that 60-80% of spam is not "forged."

Of course, that 
  - assumes most sending system answer 5yz for invalid users.  We know
     Yahoo answers Rcpt_To with 250 for some invalid addresses.

  - ignores accounts that have been terminated but cannot honestly
     be said to be "forged" when used by previous spammer owners.

  - interprets the claims that most spam is "forged" as meaning the
     the forgery is of invented sender addresses.

Tha last is reasonable, because if much mail were forged with valid
addresses, then you would expect to receive more than the rare spam
bounce....yes, of course some spam certainly is forged and some
addresses such as @somewhere.com get more than rare spam bounces.


I'm belaboring the obvious because I'd like to get the myth that most
spam is forged squashed before the spam problem is ended.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Fri, 23 May 2003 15:12:20 -0400

At 12:12 PM 5/23/2003 -0600, Vernon Schryver wrote:

>I'm belaboring the obvious because I'd like to get the myth that most
>spam is forged squashed before the spam problem is ended.

Some of spam is definitely being forged - the actual percentage varies 
depending on whom you ask (although someone like BrightMail might provide 
some real-world statistics). We should be looking at ways on dealing with 
it anyway regardless whether its the majority of spam. So whether it is a 
majority or not is irrelevant - but stopping forging will not solve the 
spam problem.

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Subject: [Asrg] Economic methods for controlling spam (was [Yet another]
 article on spam)
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Date: Fri, 23 May 2003 15:20:26 -0400

At 06:13 AM 5/23/2003 +0900, Shannon Jacobs wrote:

>However, with email we have the potential to do much better if we devise the
>proper economic model. Right now the spammers are forcing us to spend
>additional money handling their spam. More machines for filtering. Lawyers
>to write more laws. Why can't we turn that around and spend money to offer
>better email services?
[....]
>We still need to filter email, but we should be using those filtering cycles
>to enforce OUR interests on the advertisers.
[....]
>There are various anti-spam email systems out there, but so far all of the
>ones I've looked at expect me to pay blackmail "insurance" charges to get
>rid of the spam. This is a WRONG economic model, and I will NOT be
>blackmailed.

Perhaps we can start a discussion about the economic models of spam control 
and various systems possible. Below is a quote from section 1.7. of Dave 
Crocker's draft on spam control mechanims 
(http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-crocker-spam-techconsider-01.txt), 
we can start off discussion with this:

-------snip-----
Postal mail imposes a fee on the sender for each message that is sent. Such 
a fee makes the cost of sending significant, and proportional to the amount 
sent.  In contrast, current Internet mail is very nearly free to the 
sender.  Hence there is interest in exploring "sender pays" email.

One form of sender-pays is identical to postal stamping.  Another entails 
"retribution" to the sender, taking the fee for their posting only if the 
recipient indicates they were unhappy to receive it. For both models, it is 
not clear that it is possible to retroactively fit the necessary mechanisms 
to Internet mail. Its complete absence from the current service and the 
existence of anonymous and free email services may provide too much 
operational inertia.  It is also not clear who should receive the fees or 
how they should be disbursed.
-------snip-----

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Subject: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in the House of Representative
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Date: Fri, 23 May 2003 15:27:07 -0400

Below is a CNET News.com article about a new anti-spam proposal in the House:

http://news.com.com/2100-1025-1009467.html

Some highlights:
-------------snip----------------
* Nobody may send "any commercial electronic mail message" unless it 
permits the recipient to unsubscribe, includes a valid return e-mail 
address and street address, and makes it obvious that the e-mail is an 
advertisement or solicitation. There is no requirement for an "ADV:" notice 
in the subject line, which other proposals would mandate. If the recipient 
chooses to unsubscribe, the person sending the e-mail may not make contact 
again until a three-year period has elapsed.

* An Internet service provider (ISP) could sue for damages of $10 for each 
e-mail sent to someone who "opted out," up to a maximum of $500,000. 
Lawsuits must be brought in federal court, and if a judge decides that the 
accused spammer "knowingly" violated the law, total damages would triple to 
$1.5 million.

* False or misleading header information would be banned. State attorneys 
general could sue violators and seek damages of up to $3 million. The FTC 
and the U.S. Justice Department also would have jurisdiction. They would 
receive the additional power to sue people who don't include the necessary 
identification information in commercial e-mail.

* Inclusion of "sexually oriented material" in any commercial e-mail 
message would become a federal crime, unless the sender follows regulations 
to be devised by the FTC. Violators of the rule would be punished by up to 
two years in a federal prison. It would also become a federal crime to send 
any commercial e-mail that "falsifies the sender's identity"

* If an ISP were harmed by those two types of messages--unlawful sex e-mail 
or those with false identification--it could sue for damages of $500 for 
each e-mail.

* It would become unlawful to send commercial e-mail to an address that was 
obtained from an automated scan of a Web site.

* No class-action lawsuits on behalf of spam recipients would be allowed.
-------------snip----------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] This mail list has been hacked
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All hail the mystical mighty hacker who knows how to visit a web page.   
It was most likely leaked, not hacked

https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/ 
msg04960.html

Or perhaps he got it from this one:

https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/ 
msg00881.html


Three can keep a secret if two are dead.




On Thursday, May 22, 2003, at 20:28 US/Central, Jed Margolin wrote:

> Well, it's finally happened.
>
> I have received my first spam sent to the email account I sent up just  
> for
> this list.
>
> It's from  "Dr Kamal Oseni" <ka_oseni@mailsurf.com>.
>
> Did anyone else get it?
>
>
> It looks bad if the world's Internet experts can't even keep their own
> mailing list
> from getting hacked (harvested?) by spammers.
>
> JM
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>


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To: "'Karl Kraft'" <karl@nfox.com>, "'Jed Margolin'" <jmsml@jmargolin.com>
Cc: "'Asrg@ietf.org'" <Asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] This mail list has been hacked
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Date: Fri, 23 May 2003 15:26:19 -0400

As Karl pointed out the mailing list archives are accessible. The webpage
that lists the group members is not accessible.

Clearly, the term 'hacked' was a bit of a stretch. Yes, the archives may
have been visited by a crawler.

I do not think there is anything else to add to this thread.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Karl Kraft [mailto:karl@nfox.com] 
> Sent: Friday, May 23, 2003 3:29 PM
> To: Jed Margolin
> Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] This mail list has been hacked
> 
> 
> All hail the mystical mighty hacker who knows how to visit a 
> web page.   
> It was most likely leaked, not hacked
> 
> https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/ 
> msg04960.html
> 
> Or perhaps he got it from this one:
> 
https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/ 
msg00881.html


Three can keep a secret if two are dead.




On Thursday, May 22, 2003, at 20:28 US/Central, Jed Margolin wrote:

> Well, it's finally happened.
>
> I have received my first spam sent to the email account I sent up just
> for
> this list.
>
> It's from  "Dr Kamal Oseni" <ka_oseni@mailsurf.com>.
>
> Did anyone else get it?
>
>
> It looks bad if the world's Internet experts can't even keep their own 
> mailing list from getting hacked (harvested?) by spammers.
>
> JM
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>


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From: Richard Rognlie <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in the House of Representative
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Date: Fri, 23 May 2003 15:43:12 -0400

Sadly, none of those provisions will have ANY impact on the trash cluttering
the net.  they'll just move off-shore.

On Fri, May 23, 2003 at 03:27:07PM -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> Below is a CNET News.com article about a new anti-spam proposal in the 
> House:
> 
> http://news.com.com/2100-1025-1009467.html
> 

-- 
 /  \__  | Richard Rognlie / Oracle Prophet / Gamerz.NET Lackey
 \__/  \ | http://www.gamerz.net/rrognlie/    <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
 /  \__/ | Today is the first day of the rest of your life.  Of course,
 \__/    |    so was yesterday, and look how you screwed *that* up...
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] SHOULD filtering be done as part of SMTP transaction
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Date: Fri, 23 May 2003 14:01:58 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Jon Kyme" <jrk@merseymail.com>

> I've made a start on an overview of filtering in SMTP
> (regarding anti-spam efforts).
>
> It's very preliminary.
>
> It'd be very grateful for any comments and suggestions.
> It's here:
> http://www.merseymail.com/asrg/Filter-SMTP-0-1.txt

Assuming this text is intended for an RFC, I'd recommend avoiding
shortcuts and imprecise language.  For example, instead of "Rejection
in SMTP," I would write "Rejection during the SMTP transaction" no
matter how boring it is to repeatedly write "SMTP transaction."

Overall, it is a good start, but I think it needs to be far longer.
It should be more discoursive, including stating underlying assumptions
and commonly shared notions.  What are "false positives"?  What are
examples of the relevant "support and maintenance issues"?

What are the types of filtering in section 2?  They need to be
spelled out.  I've few or now cluse about 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6.  It
would be good to use words defined in other documents, but their
definitions should be copied here them here if they are not obvious.

The opportunities for decisions in the diagram at the end of section
2 are good, but it should be noted that deferring action can be
profitable.  For example, it is effective to delay rejecting spam
identified by SMTP client IP addresses (e.g. with DNS blacklists)
until the message body has been received and sent to a filter such as
the DCC or Vipul's Razor or a "Bayesian trainer."

Section 3 should mention other alternatives such as rejecting with a
4yz response recipients whose filtering preferences differ from the
first recipient.

The phrase "boundary MTA" in section 4 is too restrictive.  The problems
occur whenever there is more than one MX server for a domain.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Economic methods for controlling spam (was [Yet anothe
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Date: Fri, 23 May 2003 16:10:07 -0400



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com] 
> Sent: Friday, May 23, 2003 3:20 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Economic methods for controlling spam (was 
> [Yet another] article on spam)
> 
> 
> At 06:13 AM 5/23/2003 +0900, Shannon Jacobs wrote:
> 
> >However, with email we have the potential to do much better if we 
> >devise the proper economic model. Right now the spammers are 
> forcing us 
> >to spend additional money handling their spam. More machines for 
> >filtering. Lawyers to write more laws. Why can't we turn that around 
> >and spend money to offer better email services?
> [....]
> >We still need to filter email, but we should be using those 
> filtering 
> >cycles to enforce OUR interests on the advertisers.
> [....]
> >There are various anti-spam email systems out there, but so 
> far all of 
> >the ones I've looked at expect me to pay blackmail 
> "insurance" charges 
> >to get rid of the spam. This is a WRONG economic model, and 
> I will NOT 
> >be blackmailed.
> 
> Perhaps we can start a discussion about the economic models 
> of spam control 
> and various systems possible. Below is a quote from section 
> 1.7. of Dave 
> Crocker's draft on spam control mechanims 
>
(http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-crocker-spam-techconsider-01.txt)
, 
>we can start off discussion with this:

>-------snip-----
>Postal mail imposes a fee on the sender for each message that is sent. Such

>a fee makes the cost of sending significant, and proportional to the amount

>sent.  In contrast, current Internet mail is very nearly free to the 
>sender.  Hence there is interest in exploring "sender pays" email.
>
>One form of sender-pays is identical to postal stamping.  Another entails 
>"retribution" to the sender, taking the fee for their posting only if the 
>recipient indicates they were unhappy to receive it. For both models, it is

>not clear that it is possible to retroactively fit the necessary mechanisms

>to Internet mail. Its complete absence from the current service and the 
>existence of anonymous and free email services may provide too much 
>operational inertia.  It is also not clear who should receive the fees or 
>how they should be disbursed.
>-------snip-----

One such system was presented at the ASRG meeting at IETF 56. The system is
called SHRED:  http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/03mar/slides/asrg-8.pdf. If
we are going to start a dicussion about cost-based systems, then we should
start we the thought that has been put into this proposal.

According to our taxonomy, these approaches can be considered a form of
consent token or a response of charging after spam detection depending on
the use.

One potential for such a system is within a consent-based communications
framework. For example, consider that some category of email is between
individuals and are based on some implicit or explicit consent. Another
category is mailing lists and newsletters based on explicit consent in the
form of opt-in. Another category may be bulk mail where consent can be
purchased as mentioned in Shannon Jacobs's email as "If you know of an
anti-spam email system that will block any advertising UNLESS the
advertisers pay MY price for MY time, then please tell me about it. I'll
sign up and consider my spam problem solved." This is similar to other areas
of life where some subset of people are willing to pay for some amount of
your attention such as bulk postal email or other advertisments.

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Date: Fri, 23 May 2003 16:41:39 -0400

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Richard Rognlie [mailto:rrognlie@gamerz.net] 
> Sent: Friday, May 23, 2003 3:43 PM
> To: Yakov Shafranovich
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in the 
> House of Representative
> 
> 
> Sadly, none of those provisions will have ANY impact on the 
> trash cluttering the net.  they'll just move off-shore.

Blanket statements like this are do not contribute significantly to the
progress of these conversations.

Additionally, while the second statement holds some truth. The first is far
from reality.

Legislation and the enforcement of it do have an effect on the spam problem.
The solution to the problem includes technology, legislation, and
education/best practices. The relationship between technology and
legislation is a familiar one. For example, look at the problem of computer
intrusions: there is a set of technology available such as firewalls and IDS
to protect resourcesand they are supported by legislation to allow
prosecution of and litigation against those that are determined to
circumvent the technology. This same relationship is seen in something as
basic as property theft: burglar alarms and door locks provide protection
and they are supported by laws that provide a strong deterrence.

If one actually examines the contents of some of the proposed legislation,
one would notice that many of the proposals provide support based on the
limits of the technology and require information necessary for the
technology to be effective.

As stated in the charter, "ASRG will not pursue research into legal issues
of spam, other than the extent to which these issues affect, support, or
constrain the technology."



> On Fri, May 23, 2003 at 03:27:07PM -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> > Below is a CNET News.com article about a new anti-spam 
> proposal in the
> > House:
> > 
> > http://news.com.com/2100-1025-1009467.html
> > 
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To: "Shannon Jacobs" <shanen@acm.org>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Shannon Jacob's article on spam
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Date: Fri, 23 May 2003 14:02:13 -0400

At 9:31 PM +0900 5/21/03, Shannon Jacobs wrote:
>Just piggyback it on top of SMTP. Only one server needs to check for
>postage, and all the others can ignore it. In fact, there's no reason to
>force any sort of transition. People could opt to have a prepaid email
>account and still use their old accounts (with discretion) just as they are.

So you have one email account which doesn't get spam, and which you 
have to pay to use.

>
>Not really fair to claim to be a typical user, but using my own situations
>as examples, my primary interest would be in an email address I could use
>publicly in the newsgroups. I really think the possibility of dialog was one
>of the factors that contributed to the higher quality of the 'old days'
>before the spammers started regular harvesting. Another usage for me would
>have been "recovery" of one of my primary email addresses that was detected
>by the spammers. Actually too late now, since I eventually gave up and
>killed it, but it was one that I had used for many years, and I was sorry to
>lose it. In both of these cases, the prepaid email system would allow
>someone to use those email addresses if they really wanted to reach me, at a
>small cost.
>
>Profiting from admediation is not particularly attractive to me, though
>that's obviously where the big incentive would lie for many people. The
>problem to me is that I really value my privacy, and probably wouldn't want
>to give much of my personal information to the admediator in any case.
>
>Kee Hinckley wrote:
>>  At 6:00 AM +0900 5/20/03, Shannon Jacobs wrote:
>>>  However, I've already said that I think the obvious solution is to
>>>  provide an alternative cash-up-front email system. There are plenty
>>>  of things wrong with snail mail, but it does work quite effectively
>>>  in limiting the volume of physical spam we receive
>>
>>  How would you make the transition to the system?  For some period of
>>  time, anyone who has committed to the new system cannot afford to
>>  discard normal SMTP mail.  That is a commitment of time, software
>>  installation, money (for software and/or sending mail), and risk
>>  (some other solution could succeed). During that period of time he's
>>  getting just as much spam, but is paying more.  How do you persuade
>>  people to ignore the negative economics of being an early adopter?
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg


-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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On May 22, 2003 at 07:14 jrk@merseymail.com (Jon Kyme) wrote:
 > > Unfortunately, spam is often (nearly) indistinguishable from a
 > > denial-of-service attack.
 > > 
 > > As I've reported here previously I've had the same spam spewing
 > > simultaneously from over 200 different IP addresses.
 > > 
 > 
 > 
 > I don't believe that an acceptance that filtering should best be per-user
 > doesn't preclude administrators taking steps to preserve their systems
 > in the face of "attack".

Except inasmuch as it would wave a hand in regards to when it's a DoS
attack or the possibility and perpetuates what I believe to be a fast
disappearing naivete' that the problem with spam is that it's messages
a recipient doesn't want when in fact it's a highly successful, all
out, attack on the very essence of the internet's infrastructure.

If you don't see it my way just wait a while, you will.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*
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To: Jed Margolin <jmsml@jmargolin.com>
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Yes, I got it about a day ago...

Chuck Wegrzyn


Jed Margolin wrote:

>Well, it's finally happened.
>
>I have received my first spam sent to the email account I sent up just for
>this list.
>
>It's from  "Dr Kamal Oseni" <ka_oseni@mailsurf.com>.
>
>Did anyone else get it?
>
>
>It looks bad if the world's Internet experts can't even keep their own
>mailing list
>from getting hacked (harvested?) by spammers.
>
>JM
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Asrg mailing list
>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
>
>  
>


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Date: Fri, 23 May 2003 17:41:36 -0400

At 3:27 PM -0400 5/23/03, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>solicitation. There is no requirement for an "ADV:" notice in the 
>subject line, which other proposals would mandate. If the recipient 
>chooses to

I've never seen the point of ADV.  If all commercial mail uses it, 
then it's not good to block just based on it--in which case the 
spammers will use it too, in order to make themselves look legit.

>unsubscribe, the person sending the e-mail may not make contact 
>again until a three-year period has elapsed.

I've not seen other proposals address this.  Not as good as requiring 
confirmation, but a reasonable way to keep people from just creating 
"new" lists.

>* An Internet service provider (ISP) could sue for damages of $10 
>for each e-mail sent to someone who "opted out," up to a maximum of 
>$500,000. Lawsuits

Is there a standard definition in use for ISP?  What happens to all 
the companies that just buy a pipe?  What if I have a co-lo for my 
mail server?  Does the hosting provider sue?  This seems problematic. 
(On the other hand, maybe ISPs could attract customers by advertising 
that they'll sue for you if you have a spam problem :-).

>* False or misleading header information would be banned. State attorneys

That's going to need clarification too.  Does a fake "X-Mailer:" header count?

>* It would become unlawful to send commercial e-mail to an address 
>that was obtained from an automated scan of a Web site.

This might have a (pleasantly) chilling impact on people who sell 
mailing lists--since most of those lists are tainted at some point.

-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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At 11:47 PM -0400 5/21/03, Barry Shein wrote:
>  > > As I noted in my mail.  This appears to be happening now--although I
>  > > had not seen symptoms of it before.  Is anyone else starting to see
>  > > low-level occasional bounce back from spam?
>  > >
>  > > Prior to that, all of the bounce-back instances I had heard of or
>  > > experienced (and I used to get one or two a week) were major--where
>  > > the entire spam load got sent out with the same return address.
>
>Could this be that spammer tactic where they pair names and forge the
>From: to appear to be coming from someone they think you might have
>whitelisted?

I've seen pairing, although it could just be pairing by domain, 
rather than a database of pairs.

The other thing I've noticed is spam coming in for several users at a 
host, with the subject customized for one of them.  So the spammer is 
doing some limited amount of per-user customization, but rather than 
send 10 messages to a single server, they are sending one message to 
all recipients at that server.  Only one of the recipients gets the 
correct customization.

What I find particularly intriguing about the above was that the 
recipients were per mail *server*, not domain.  In other words, I 
would get a single spam message with multiple recipients, one of whom 
was at hinckley.com, and another at somewhere.com.  The only 
relationship being that they share the same mail server.  So someone 
is pre-sorting their spam database by MX records, and then doing 
form-based mailings to the first recipient for the given MX.  A 
compromise between speed and attractiveness of the message.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: "'Kee Hinckley'" <nazgul@somewhere.com>,
        "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in the House of Representative
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>* It would become unlawful to send commercial e-mail to an address
>that was obtained from an automated scan of a Web site.

	Of course, it will be difficult to prove the origin of any
address in a database. Unless you actually catch folk running the
harvest program, you have no way of knowing where they got their names
from. Unless... 
	If they put this restriction in the law, they should also
require that users of lists maintain clear and accurate records of the
source of each address in their lists. This sourcing information would,
of course, be required to be made available for audit.
	More useful would be legislation that simply prohibits the
selling or purchase of lists.
	And, "Yes" I do realize that anything done via US law will
simply "push the problem overseas." However, I believe that
accomplishing that is better than nothing. If other countries write
similar legislation and enforce it, eventually, the spammers will be
hounded down to a smaller, more easily dealt with set of host countries.

		bob wyman

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in the House of Representative
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On May 23, 2003 at 15:43 rrognlie@gamerz.net (Richard Rognlie) wrote:
 > Sadly, none of those provisions will have ANY impact on the trash cluttering
 > the net.  they'll just move off-shore.

This is an oft-repeated canard so suffer me a response:

The reason (most) spammers spam is to sell something.

They spam (e.g.) Americans so they can sell things to (e.g.) Americans.

This means they must have some sort of business nexus in (e.g.)
America for the product being advertised via spam, even if it's just
to ship it to the US (e.g.) they need a customs permit or a
distributor or something similar.

That business nexus which is actually trying to sell the product would
be just as liable for the illegal advertising as the spammer
him/her/itself, under the usual agency law (hiring someone to do
something illegal is illegal.)

etc.

Obviously there are some exceptions such as selling off-shore real
estate or just total scams trying to get your credit card number but I
don't think that quite resolves the above problem with this
oft-repeated moving off-shore faux clincher.

But I think this "they'll just move off-shore" is mostly dead in the
water as a counter-argument.

Besides, if the US (e.g.) takes some lead and enacts some strong and
effective and sensible anti-spam laws then likely many other countries
will follow suit soon thereafter until the spammer has to move to some
dippy little country whose networks we can all block entirely anyhow
or rely on similar pressures to get them to stop sheltering this human
excrement.

Put another way, it's not like spam is the first crime in history with
a potential for an international component.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*
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Date: Fri, 23 May 2003 18:49:39 -0400
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On May 23, 2003 at 17:55 bob@wyman.us (Bob Wyman) wrote:
 > >* It would become unlawful to send commercial e-mail to an address
 > >that was obtained from an automated scan of a Web site.
 > 
 > 	Of course, it will be difficult to prove the origin of any
 > address in a database. Unless you actually catch folk running the
 > harvest program, you have no way of knowing where they got their names
 > from. Unless... 

Ringers, you put lots of addresses out there which could only be
obtained by automated scan and are used for nothing else.

If they get spammed then book 'em Dan-o.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*
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To: bob@wyman.us
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in the House of Representative 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 23 May 2003 17:55:34 EDT."
             <002b01c32176$09f27cd0$6901a8c0@BOBDEV> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Fri, 23 May 2003 19:05:29 -0400


>	Of course, it will be difficult to prove the origin of any
>address in a database. Unless you actually catch folk running the
>harvest program, you have no way of knowing where they got their names

This gets to the issue I mentioned some time prior, the association of
an item of data with the data collection policy it was collected with.

A user of collected data that can not, or will not, disclose the means
by which it collected the data it is attempting to use (as an access
mechanism to an inbox), and the policy that applies to the data?

Burn-before-reading.

Eric
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in the House of Representative
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Date: Fri, 23 May 2003 17:13:56 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>

> ...
> 	And, "Yes" I do realize that anything done via US law will
> simply "push the problem overseas." ...

People in many places keep saying that, but I don't understand the idea.

The current U.S. vendors of pills, potions, and loan "leads" are not
going to move to China.  They might continue to use domain name
registrars such bizcn.com and perhaps even HTTP hosts and SMTP clients
overseas, but that does not mean they they can't be prosecuted at
their U.S. homes.  The FCC was able to assess a $1.1M fine on 21st
Century, the junk faxer supposedly in Canada or Great Britian.  See
http://www.google.com/search?q=fcc+%2221st+century%22+fine

IP packets have long taken scenic routes, such as traveling more than
6000 miles by wire to go 500 yards as the sea gulls fly in Mountain
View, Calif.  People who understand computers will be able to cope
with spammers pretending to be in Brazil or Asia, and we'll be able
to convince lawyers and courts what they need to know.

You can always follow the money when following the packets is confusing.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in the House of Representative
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On Friday, May 23, 2003 5:56 PM, Bob Wyman [SMTP:bob@wyman.us] wrote:
> >* It would become unlawful to send commercial e-mail to an address
> >that was obtained from an automated scan of a Web site.
>
> 	Of course, it will be difficult to prove the origin of any
> address in a database. Unless you actually catch folk running the
> harvest program, you have no way of knowing where they got their names
> from. Unless...
> 	If they put this restriction in the law, they should also
> require that users of lists maintain clear and accurate records of the
> source of each address in their lists. This sourcing information would,
> of course, be required to be made available for audit.
> 	More useful would be legislation that simply prohibits the
> selling or purchase of lists.

I see an additional intersection of tokenized addresses becoming 'vogue' for 
web sites such that each request could be tracked, thus creating a running 
database for the web site purveyor to pursue.  That of course would be a 
constraint on the law imposed by the technology available.  It could certainly 
be simpler, along the lines you site Bob or a functional separation of address 
spaces e.g. have a web e-mail address and an other address for correspondence.

-e
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References: 
  <Pine.LNX.4.44.0305201305380.1564-100000@entropy.galcit.caltech.edu>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Fri, 23 May 2003 19:59:24 -0400

Some anecdotal evidence in the "what will they do if you make them 
have a real from" category.

Domain:		netoes.com
Content:	Printer Cartridge Spam
From:		Printpal@dpr.inb.netoes.com
Return-Path:	0zbybphWJ2RMXcqw0XZedULQJC718s@bounce.netoes.com

Domain contact has fake phone number
Web page is empty (but has the title e-i1.com, also an empty page)
No PTR lookup on the IP addresses.

The Return-Path does send a 250.  In fact a little testing shows that 
*any* non-relayed address sent to smtp.netoes.com will be accepted.

They appear to have a number of different IP addresses
64.95.116.98, 63.251.54.72, 64.95.116.101...
But they all hang right off of border5.ge4-1-bbnet2.sfo.pnap.net.

So.  There he sits, "validating" every message sent.

Mind you.  I'd still like to see a better way to validate From 
addresses, and I do think it would help the spam situation.  But...
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Paul Judge'" <paul.judge@ciphertrust.com>,
        "'Yakov Shafranovich'"
	 <research@solidmatrix.com>,
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Economic methods for controlling spam (was [Yet anothe	r] article on spam)
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On Friday, May 23, 2003 4:10 PM, Paul Judge [SMTP:paul.judge@ciphertrust.com] 
wrote:
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com]
> > Sent: Friday, May 23, 2003 3:20 PM
> > To: asrg@ietf.org
> > Subject: [Asrg] Economic methods for controlling spam (was
> > [Yet another] article on spam)
> >
> >
> > At 06:13 AM 5/23/2003 +0900, Shannon Jacobs wrote:
> >
> > >However, with email we have the potential to do much better if we
> > >devise the proper economic model. Right now the spammers are
> > forcing us to spend additional money handling their spam. More machines for 
> > >filtering.
8<...>8
> > Perhaps we can start a discussion about the economic models
> > of spam control and various systems possible. Below is a quote
> > from section  1.7. of Dave Crocker's draft on spam control
> > mechanims
 (http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-crocker-spam-techconsider-01.txt)
> ,
> >we can start off discussion with this:
>
8<...>8
> One such system was presented at the ASRG meeting at IETF 56. The system is
> called SHRED:  http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/03mar/slides/asrg-8.pdf. If
> we are going to start a dicussion about cost-based systems, then we should
> start we the thought that has been put into this proposal.

I agree.

> According to our taxonomy, these approaches can be considered a form of
> consent token or a response of charging after spam detection depending on
> the use.

Which is why I am forwarding this suggestion.  It may also be appropriate to 
explore the synergism of 'filtering' and such a system.

Of course that would be apropos of the Filtering draft.

-e
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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Shannon Jacob's article on spam
Cc: "Shannon Jacobs" <shanen@acm.org>, Asrg@ietf.org
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Date: Sat, 24 May 2003 08:24:10 -0400

At 2:02 PM -0400 on 5/23/03, you wrote:
>So you have one email account which doesn't get spam, and which you 
>have to pay to use.

Ignore that. I meant to delete it, not send it out with several K of 
quoted message around it.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: "Howard Roth" <hroth@tngi.com>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Economic methods for controlling spam (was [Yet another] article on spam)
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Addressing SHRED - I don't think introducing artificial costs in the
distribution of SPAM is the correct direction.  It's like making the Income
Tax permanent. Hmmm.  Joking aside, if I wanted to set up a legitimate
business on the Internet I think that paying for a list of opt-in email
address is cost enough to market.  As the cost of legit names will be much
higher when you inhibit rogue SPAMers.  And I don't believe in not selling
lists if they are made of people who want to be sent messages about
discounts on Viagra or whatever.

The other night I received a call from a person claiming to be SBC.  In fact
he/she (there seemed to be some confusion as to the gender of the caller
when I asked to speak to a supervisor) was from a third party telemarketing
firm representing SBC.  This call is no different than SPAM, other than that
there is a steeper inherent cost in telemarketing versus an email marketing
effort.

I think you need to look at the other methods of marketing and determine the
similarities and differences and attack the problem from an angle that will
not cost much and will be enforced easily.

Television commercials in my mind are no different than SPAM, but I can flip
the channel or turn the TV off.  I don't need the TV to conduct
correspondence or business activities.  Here the TV SPAMers pay to
broadcasting time.  The same goes for Radio SPAM.

Direct mail is no different than SPAM, it does have a impact on me.  When
the Mail SPAM clogs my mailbox, the postperson often rips my magazines
stuffing them in.  There is cost to mail this SPAM.  The remedy is to throw
the Mail Spam out.  Its other impact of course is the environment, which is
a big issue.

FAX marketing is still alive even though there is legislation to stop it.
It's not easy to fight a FAX SPAMer.  There are state and federal laws, but
no one willing to go to bat unless money is involved.  I did respond once to
a FAX SPAMer with the threat of suing unless they stopped SPAMing and paid
me $20.00 for my time and effort to get them to stop.  They sent me a
check.... Never cashed it though, I felt guilty being hard on a company that
didn't really want to abuse the consumer, but lacked tact.

And as mentioned these alternative SPAM attacks are limited because they
actually cost the sender money, whether it's postage, people power, or phone
charges.

So what can we learn about Email SPAM from these other marketing efforts?
Email SPAM at least doesn't impact the environment. I don't know how many
trees I've tossed out.  It doesn't use my own fax toner or paper.  So that's
good.  But unlike TV I can't turn it off either.

My approach to Email SPAM would be addressing a way of turn it off.  I see
this as being done via a technology solution and legislation.   Just like
the Phone SPAMer who calls me up, I want to be able to say, "take me off
your call list" and be assured that this will happen.  Right now it ensures
that the SPAMer has a live fish and ups the price of the email address being
sold.  SO you get more Email SPAM.

But with the bait and switch SPAM mentality how can this be enforced?
Legislation will not do any good unless the culprits reside in the US.  And
then the cost of prosecuting or suing thousands of SPAMers makes it
impractical.

What about assigning a secure certificate to each Email user (email address
is part of cert) that is attached to a service provider or IP address. The
certificate is sent with the message (attached to what part is to be
determined). If the certificate does not match the service provider then the
message is rejected outright (by SMTP?- or pre-SMTP module).  A SPAM message
is forwarded to the service provider (abuse account?) who would cut the
service off based on receiving x number of complaints.  This can be
automated quite easily.  For those that host their own mail servers the
certificate can be attached to an IP address.  The message is checked that
it came from that IP address.  Like domain names, but only charging a
nominal fee of say $0.99 for each certificate would be the support for a
certificate provider. It cannot be expensive for the user community.

Could a scrupulous SPAMer send messages from China without a certificate?
No.  Could they fake a certificate?  This would need to be made difficult,
but by having an authority with the only key, you can ensure it is unlikely
that a SPAMer will make up a valid certificate - ISP/IP combination.  We
addressed SPAMers from an ISP.  What else is there?  What if the SPAM is be
sanctioned by a company's mail server?  There would be an IP associated with
it.  Complaints would be sent to a specific body ( such as the certificate
authority, FTC, Direct Marketing Assoc. etc.) who in turn would add the IP
to a black list.  If a valid Black list is maintained then there may be no
need to revoke certificates.

I'm afraid I only came up with this idea as I've been writing this response
and I'm thinking there may be some merit to this concept.  Some feedback
would be welcome.


Howard Roth


-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Paul
Judge
Sent: Friday, May 23, 2003 1:10 PM
To: 'Yakov Shafranovich'; 'asrg@ietf.org'
Subject: RE: [Asrg] Economic methods for controlling spam (was [Yet another]
article on spam)


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Yakov Shafranovich [mailto:research@solidmatrix.com]
> Sent: Friday, May 23, 2003 3:20 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Economic methods for controlling spam (was
> [Yet another] article on spam)
>
>
> At 06:13 AM 5/23/2003 +0900, Shannon Jacobs wrote:
>
> >However, with email we have the potential to do much better if we
> >devise the proper economic model. Right now the spammers are
> forcing us
> >to spend additional money handling their spam. More machines for
> >filtering. Lawyers to write more laws. Why can't we turn that around
> >and spend money to offer better email services?
> [....]
> >We still need to filter email, but we should be using those
> filtering
> >cycles to enforce OUR interests on the advertisers.
> [....]
> >There are various anti-spam email systems out there, but so
> far all of
> >the ones I've looked at expect me to pay blackmail
> "insurance" charges
> >to get rid of the spam. This is a WRONG economic model, and
> I will NOT
> >be blackmailed.
>
> Perhaps we can start a discussion about the economic models
> of spam control
> and various systems possible. Below is a quote from section
> 1.7. of Dave
> Crocker's draft on spam control mechanims
>
(http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-crocker-spam-techconsider-01.txt)
,
>we can start off discussion with this:

>-------snip-----
>Postal mail imposes a fee on the sender for each message that is sent. Such

>a fee makes the cost of sending significant, and proportional to the amount

>sent.  In contrast, current Internet mail is very nearly free to the
>sender.  Hence there is interest in exploring "sender pays" email.
>
>One form of sender-pays is identical to postal stamping.  Another entails
>"retribution" to the sender, taking the fee for their posting only if the
>recipient indicates they were unhappy to receive it. For both models, it is

>not clear that it is possible to retroactively fit the necessary mechanisms

>to Internet mail. Its complete absence from the current service and the
>existence of anonymous and free email services may provide too much
>operational inertia.  It is also not clear who should receive the fees or
>how they should be disbursed.
>-------snip-----

One such system was presented at the ASRG meeting at IETF 56. The system is
called SHRED:  http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/03mar/slides/asrg-8.pdf. If
we are going to start a dicussion about cost-based systems, then we should
start we the thought that has been put into this proposal.

According to our taxonomy, these approaches can be considered a form of
consent token or a response of charging after spam detection depending on
the use.

One potential for such a system is within a consent-based communications
framework. For example, consider that some category of email is between
individuals and are based on some implicit or explicit consent. Another
category is mailing lists and newsletters based on explicit consent in the
form of opt-in. Another category may be bulk mail where consent can be
purchased as mentioned in Shannon Jacobs's email as "If you know of an
anti-spam email system that will block any advertising UNLESS the
advertisers pay MY price for MY time, then please tell me about it. I'll
sign up and consider my spam problem solved." This is similar to other areas
of life where some subset of people are willing to pay for some amount of
your attention such as bulk postal email or other advertisments.

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Date: Sat, 24 May 2003 12:58:52 -0700

Something Jon Kyme said brought a question to my mind; "How much 
would spam be reduced by limiting the number of recipients to one?"
also a related question "What are the effects of limiting the number 
of recipients to one for non spam email?"
I don't think anyone really knows, 
though doubtless many here could posit very good theories.

This begs the question, 
"What would we need to know, in order to answer those questions?"


Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
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  another] article on spam)
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Date: Sun, 25 May 2003 00:16:50 -0400

At 10:53 AM 5/24/2003 -0700, Howard Roth wrote:
>[....]
>
>What about assigning a secure certificate to each Email user (email address
>is part of cert) that is attached to a service provider or IP address. The
>certificate is sent with the message (attached to what part is to be
>determined). If the certificate does not match the service provider then the
>message is rejected outright (by SMTP?- or pre-SMTP module).  A SPAM message
>is forwarded to the service provider (abuse account?) who would cut the
>service off based on receiving x number of complaints.  This can be
>automated quite easily.  For those that host their own mail servers the
>certificate can be attached to an IP address.  The message is checked that
>it came from that IP address.  Like domain names, but only charging a
>nominal fee of say $0.99 for each certificate would be the support for a
>certificate provider. It cannot be expensive for the user community.
>
>Could a scrupulous SPAMer send messages from China without a certificate?
>No.  Could they fake a certificate?  This would need to be made difficult,
>but by having an authority with the only key, you can ensure it is unlikely
>that a SPAMer will make up a valid certificate - ISP/IP combination.  We
>addressed SPAMers from an ISP.  What else is there?  What if the SPAM is be
>sanctioned by a company's mail server?  There would be an IP associated with
>it.  Complaints would be sent to a specific body ( such as the certificate
>authority, FTC, Direct Marketing Assoc. etc.) who in turn would add the IP
>to a black list.  If a valid Black list is maintained then there may be no
>need to revoke certificates.

Dave Crocker's draft, section 1.2:

---snip---
"If the history of spam is any guide, organizations such as Internet 
service providers and public key infrastructure (PKI) providers cannot be 
expected to ensure that their customers do not send spam. Even with the 
best of intentions, they will always be willing to open new accounts to 
strangers.  The most that can be expected is that they will punish their 
spamming customers such as by imposing substantial fees or filing lawsuits. 
It should be noted that the "punishment" of terminating their account often 
is meaningless, because many spammers create one-time accounts."
---snip--- 

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Date: Sun, 25 May 2003 00:24:12 -0400

At 12:58 PM 5/24/2003 -0700, Scott Nelson wrote:

>Something Jon Kyme said brought a question to my mind; "How much
>would spam be reduced by limiting the number of recipients to one?"
>also a related question "What are the effects of limiting the number
>of recipients to one for non spam email?"
>I don't think anyone really knows,
>though doubtless many here could posit very good theories.
>
>This begs the question,
>"What would we need to know, in order to answer those questions?"

Why would limiting number of recipients make a difference? With today's 
computers and Internet connections cheap, additional SMTP sessions will be 
initiated just increasing Internet traffic.

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Date: Sun, 25 May 2003 00:40:38 -0400

At 01:13 PM 5/19/2003 -0400, Eric Dean wrote:

>Ok, this is still a framework document..not to be considered a proposed
>draft...just a tumbleweed.  If this initiative progresses, then I'll format
>it and discuss with the chair about proposing it as a draft.  Until then,
>it's intentionally left in it's current unambiguous form.
>
>The scope keeps narrowing down from a C/R system model to a C/R system
>interworking model.  I'm happy with that.  In fact, I believe there is still
>more fat to trim..but we'll get there.  In the spirit of Kee Hinckley's
>signature quote, less is more.
>
>I am not interested in placing restrictions on C/R systems...I am interested
>in having them interoperate..and even more so in having them interoperate
>automatically. If vendors can't find smart ways to implement systems using
>the guidelines we propose then they won't be vendors for long.
>
>There were some questions about the size of recipient email addresses:
>RFC2821 says 64 char for username, 256 char for domain and 512 for the
>command line is 512 chars..though MIME doesn't have such
>restrictions..except 1000 chars for line...regardless..there isn't a
>problem..
>
>-Eric

 >[...]
 >This document identifies MIME experimental content-type values for 
allowing automated C/R system interworking.
 >[..]

Aren't we using headers?

 >[..]
 >The following MIME experimental content-type values are required for C/R 
interworking:
 >
 >X-CM:'Recipient','Response String'
 >
 >The X-CM values are defined as follows:
 >Recipient: Identifies the original recipient of the message that is 
issuing the challenge message.
 >Response String: Identifies an authentication string unique to that 
sender-recipient pair that ensures the challenge response is from >the 
original sender.
 >[...]

Is there room in the specifications for the following:
1. Tag or certification systems which will send their seal or certificate 
as a response.
2. Economic systems which will use the cryptographics or some other methods 
like hashcash to add costs to email.

 >[..]
 >Loop avoidance
 >C/R systems should not issue challenge messages when C/R headers are 
present.  In order to maintain compatibility with non-C/R >interworking 
systems, it is recommended that each C/R system remain stateful in 
monitoring challenge message sent to original >senders.  For C/R systems 
that issue challenge messages, it is also recommended that each C/R system 
use a local user for issuing >challenges rather than preserving the 
original sender's email address as the sender of the challenge 
message.  Doing so, allows for >loop avoidance to be handled using standard 
double-bounce methods where appropriate.  For client-based C/R software, 
loop >avoidance may be handled using additonal stateful means of tracking 
outgoing mail.

What will stop a spammer from putting X-CM headers into the message and 
what happens in that case - is there message let through or the C/R system 
responds to it, thus validating the receiver's email?

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Need to know
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Date: Sat, 24 May 2003 23:27:15 -0700

At 12:24 AM 5/25/03 -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>At 12:58 PM 5/24/2003 -0700, Scott Nelson wrote:
>
>>Something Jon Kyme said brought a question to my mind; "How much
>>would spam be reduced by limiting the number of recipients to one?"
>>also a related question "What are the effects of limiting the number
>>of recipients to one for non spam email?"
>>I don't think anyone really knows,
>>though doubtless many here could posit very good theories.
>>
>>This begs the question,
>>"What would we need to know, in order to answer those questions?"
>
>Why would limiting number of recipients make a difference? With today's 
>computers and Internet connections cheap, additional SMTP sessions will be 
>initiated just increasing Internet traffic.
>

That's an interesting theory you've posited.
How, I wonder, could we prove it?

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
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 another] article on spam)
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Date: Sun, 25 May 2003 16:58:49 -0400

At 10:53 AM -0700 5/24/03, Howard Roth wrote:
>Tax permanent. Hmmm.  Joking aside, if I wanted to set up a legitimate
>business on the Internet I think that paying for a list of opt-in email
>address is cost enough to market.  As the cost of legit names will be much

I've yet to see anyone describe a manageable system whereby a 
paid-for list will remain "opt-in" for long.  The needs of the buyers 
tend to diverge from the wishes of the recipients.


>My approach to Email SPAM would be addressing a way of turn it off.  I see
>this as being done via a technology solution and legislation.   Just like
>the Phone SPAMer who calls me up, I want to be able to say, "take me off
>your call list" and be assured that this will happen.  Right now it ensures

But it doesn't work that way with phone spam.  They can call back in 
a year, and they often call back before then.  Even the opt-out lists 
have time-outs--you have to renew them.

Furthermore, the economics work against this solution.  There are 
literally millions of businesses in the world who would love to have 
you as a customer.  Just how many times do you want to opt out?


>What about assigning a secure certificate to each Email user (email address
>is part of cert) that is attached to a service provider or IP address. The
>certificate is sent with the message (attached to what part is to be

First of all.  You seem to think that email goes directly from sender 
ISP to recipient.  It does not.

>Could a scrupulous SPAMer send messages from China without a certificate?
>No.  Could they fake a certificate?  This would need to be made difficult,

Why fake a certificate?  There are plenty of Chinese ISPs who have 
absolutely no problem with people sending spam.

>it.  Complaints would be sent to a specific body ( such as the certificate
>authority, FTC, Direct Marketing Assoc. etc.) who in turn would add the IP
>to a black list.  If a valid Black list is maintained then there may be no
>need to revoke certificates.

Ah.  Now we have a central authority providing a black list of IPs 
that violated the policy.  Of course before anyone can be added you 
are going to have to have a dispute mechanism.  Imagine the cost of 
handling a dispute between someone in the U.S. and a Chinese ISP. 
You get into fights over whether I signed up for the list, whether it 
really was spam, whether I opt'd in to a list you bought (see my 
first reply).  $.99/certificate isn't going to come close to covering 
the costs.


-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: [Asrg] What are your criteria for the end of spam?
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> If you know of an anti-spam email system that will block any advertising
> UNLESS the advertisers pay MY price for MY time, then please tell me about
> it. I'll sign up and consider my spam problem solved.

That appeared in the ASRG a few days ago, and though the economic aspects
have been receiving more serious consideration recently, that particular
comment didn't get much consideration, but the more I think about it, the
more it "strikes a chord" in my thinking. I hope that most of us are willing
to agree that advertising is a legitimate business activity. The advertisers
are going to look for any channel that will effectively reach potential
customers, but there is a problematic tradeoff involved here. Some points
for consideration:

1) We want to be informed of the best values.
2) We don't want to give up our privacy.
3) Companies compete to create the best values.
4) Email could help customers find the best values.

Number 4) seems to be a theoretical point, but right now you have to admit
that broadcast advertising is a very inefficient advertising mechanism. At
any given time, I'm really only interested in purchasing a few things, and
right now finding the best value is a very tedious process. It is quite
possible that I will see a broadcast ad for just what I want at the best
price available. Yet given the essentially random nature of a broadcast ad,
how would I know that was the one? Actually, I'd kind of like to receive
specific and detailed email from each of the companies with good candidates,
explaining exactly why their product and their price was the best match for
my real needs.

Then again, a lot of advertising is intended to create needs where none
exist, and I definitely do NOT want to receive that advertising. Hmmm...

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Paul,

PJ> Legislation and the enforcement of it do have an effect on the spam problem.


At the FTC workshop, speakers from states having laws were quite clear
that they were NOT having an effect on spam.

So, Paul, what data support your claim that laws "have an effect on the
spam problem"?  And please do not use extrapolations from "related"
contexts, such as facsimile or telephony.  There is a littany of reasons
those experiences are likely not to apply to Internet email.

Also, what effect do you claim they have?

d/



d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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  Articl e - New anti-spam proposal in the House of Representative)
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Date: Mon, 26 May 2003 09:15:18 +1000

At 10:29 25/05/03 -0700, Dave Crocker wrote:
>At the FTC workshop, speakers from states having laws were quite clear
>that they were NOT having an effect on spam.

Did any of them have a real "anti-spam" law"? There's only one state that 
has a true (opt-in) anti-spam law. CAUCE has been saying for years that 
opt-out ant anti-forgery laws won't have any spam-reduction impact, so 
pointing at such laws and saying "laws don't work" seems to lack foundation.

Expecting laws requiring opt-out and anti-forgery to stop spam is like 
expecting an "anti bank robbery law" to work because it makes bank robbery 
illegal unless the robber wears a pink tu-tu and respects a request not to 
do it to that bank again. All such a law would do would be to increase the 
sales of pink tu-tus. Nobody would seriously call such a law "anti bank 
robbery", and nobody should seriously call an opt-out law "anti spam".

--
Troy Rollo				Chairman, CAUBE.AU
asrg@troy.rollo.name			Executive Director, iCAUCE

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On 5/26/03 at 7:02 AM Shannon Jacobs wrote:

>> If you know of an anti-spam email system that will block any advertising
>> UNLESS the advertisers pay MY price for MY time, then please tell me
>about
>> it. I'll sign up and consider my spam problem solved.
>
>That appeared in the ASRG a few days ago, and though the economic aspects
>have been receiving more serious consideration recently, that particular
>comment didn't get much consideration, but the more I think about it, the
>more it "strikes a chord" in my thinking. I hope that most of us are
>willing
>to agree that advertising is a legitimate business activity. The
>advertisers
>are going to look for any channel that will effectively reach potential
>customers, but there is a problematic tradeoff involved here. Some points
>for consideration:
>
>1) We want to be informed of the best values.
>2) We don't want to give up our privacy.
>3) Companies compete to create the best values.
>4) Email could help customers find the best values.
>
>Number 4) seems to be a theoretical point, but right now you have to admit
>that broadcast advertising is a very inefficient advertising mechanism. At
>any given time, I'm really only interested in purchasing a few things, and
>right now finding the best value is a very tedious process. It is quite
>possible that I will see a broadcast ad for just what I want at the best
>price available. Yet given the essentially random nature of a broadcast
ad,
>how would I know that was the one? Actually, I'd kind of like to receive
>specific and detailed email from each of the companies with good
>candidates,
>explaining exactly why their product and their price was the best match
for
>my real needs.

I have to suggest the best medium for that is the web, not email. With the 
web, advertisers can have a secure payment system in place (Although most 
payment systems are designed in reverse with browsers paying websites, it 
wouldn't be hard for them to operate backwards.), make sure someone
actually 
viewed the ad instead of software auto-deleting it (Or at least, be _more_ 
sure of it, with Turing tests and quizzes about the ads.), and offer lists
of 
the ads and how much they are willing to pay, instead of sending out ads
that
are deleted because the recipient isn't willing to view an ad for that
amount.

In short, this entire 'pay people to look at ads' works a lot better over
the 
web than over email, and it already works over the web with no protocol 
changes, and it's not worth trying to figure out how to make it work over 
email. Pull is the correct model for that, not push.

And it's not worth worrying any such hypothetical system about when
researching
spam, because the whole idea isn't very useful.

This doesn't stop such hypothetical ad companies from setting up a 
mailing list for their own customers to alert them of new ads. Using all
the 
various precautions and standards for operating a mailing list, of course.

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On Thursday, May 22, 2003, at 17:13 US/Eastern, Shannon Jacobs wrote:
> If you know of an anti-spam email system that will block any 
> advertising
> UNLESS the advertisers pay MY price for MY time, then please tell me 
> about
> it. I'll sign up and consider my spam problem solved.

Yes, this strikes me as exactly the right model.

People I know get to mail me for free.  Everyone else has to pay a fee 
*I* set if they want to contact me.  I'll call it "postage" in the 
discussion below, for want of a better word.

People sending mail would sign up with a postage provider. There could 
be many of these, just like there are many online banks and payment 
systems. I imagine that people like PayPal would add Internet postage 
as a part of their system, in fact.

The system receiving mail for me would check to see if the person's in 
my address book. If not, it would check for postage--that is, it would 
check my account to see that the appropriate amount had been credited. 
No postage, and either my mail server bounces it, or passes it through 
with a flag so I can choose what to do.

[Maybe valid postage means they get added to my address book, so they 
only have to pay once.]

 From the sender end, the way it would work is that a Postage 
Requirements Server would be resolved, much the same way as an MX is 
resolved, based on my e-mail address. Their client would contact the 
Postage Requirements Server, tell it their e-mail address, and it would 
reply with how much postage I want from them before I'll accept their 
mail. They'd then make a decision whether to use their postage provider 
to send me the money along with the e-mail, or not. Once their system 
confirmed that postage had been sent, they'd send the actual e-mail 
with an appropriate header indicating postage was paid.

What's in it for the end user? Well, apart from going a long way 
towards solving the spam problem, most people could probably fund their 
occasional need for outgoing postage from the proceeds of incoming junk 
mail, and still make a profit.

What's in it for the people deploying it? Money! Postage providers 
(sending and receiving) could charge a penny on every piece of non-zero 
digital postage. These fees would be taken into account when the 
sender's client contacted the Postage Requirements Server.

Transaction charges for the real-world transfer of the money would be 
minimized by rolling up the transactions at the end of each month, just 
like Amazon rolls up my tip jar transactions into one deposit, Paypal 
rolls up my transactions into one bank credit or debit, the Apple Music 
Store rolls up my track purchases into one bill, and so on.

I imagine ICANN or some such organization would keep a limit on the 
number of postage providers, enough to allow competition and keep rates 
low, but not so many that the market would be fragmented and 
transaction costs make it unprofitable.

As long as we had a list of "official" postage providers you wouldn't 
need any fancy cryptography; just SSL connections. Sender client 
contacts postage provider, gives it details of my account and amount to 
send. My mail client contacts my provider, checks amounts received and 
e-mail addresses or message IDs to whitelist. The providers would need 
to know about each other, and agree to interoperate, much like domain 
registries do.

Another nice feature would be zero cost postage for friends. That would 
prevent spammers from being able to break through by sending e-mail 
pretending to be from someone I know, as my system would check for a 
zero-cost stamp and only allow through the right message IDs, yet at 
the same time my friends wouldn't have to pay money to e-mail me.

As far as I can see, something like this can be built using technology 
available today. Although eventually client support would be added, 
initially it could be done using a web interface to your postage 
provider to pay to get you added to my address book, on the "pay once" 
model. The receiving server needs to know enough HTTP and SSL to do the 
equivalent of a PayPal account query, but that's about it.

In fact, I'm rather surprised nobody has built something like this 
already. It seems pretty obvious. Maybe there's some massive flaw I'm 
missing, hence this e-mail. I'm sure if anyone can nit-pick the idea to 
death, it's the people on this list...


mathew

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On Friday, May 23, 2003, at 17:41 US/Eastern, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> At 3:27 PM -0400 5/23/03, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
>> solicitation. There is no requirement for an "ADV:" notice in the 
>> subject line, which other proposals would mandate. If the recipient 
>> chooses to
>
> I've never seen the point of ADV.  If all commercial mail uses it, 
> then it's not good to block just based on it--in which case the 
> spammers will use it too, in order to make themselves look legit.

The point of ADV is it would let me block all commercial mail from 
entities not in my whitelist.

Which would be just fine by me.

Though I think adding non-internationalized text to the subject line is 
a dumb way to implement it; it should be a new header.


mathew

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Date: Sun, 25 May 2003 23:57:37 -0400
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On Sunday, May 25, 2003, at 19:15 US/Eastern, Troy Rollo wrote:
> Did any of them have a real "anti-spam" law"? There's only one state 
> that has a true (opt-in) anti-spam law. CAUCE has been saying for 
> years that opt-out ant anti-forgery laws won't have any spam-reduction 
> impact, so pointing at such laws and saying "laws don't work" seems to 
> lack foundation.

Furthermore, did any of them make any serious attempt at *enforcing* 
the law?

If we see a few spammers lose their homes, and a few more are sent to 
jail, and the spam *still* continues with no reduction in volume, 
*then* I'll be prepared to accept it as evidence that legal solutions 
won't stop spam.


mathew

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Date: Mon, 26 May 2003 09:26:31 -0400

At 11:20 PM -0400 5/25/03, mathew wrote:
>On Thursday, May 22, 2003, at 17:13 US/Eastern, Shannon Jacobs wrote:
>>If you know of an anti-spam email system that will block any advertising
>>UNLESS the advertisers pay MY price for MY time, then please tell me about
>>it. I'll sign up and consider my spam problem solved.
>
>Yes, this strikes me as exactly the right model.
>
>People I know get to mail me for free.  Everyone else has to pay a 
>fee *I* set if they want to contact me.  I'll call it "postage" in 
>the discussion below, for want of a better word.

The problem with this is that it flips the identity problem on its 
head.  Now instead of everyone wanting to know the identity of the 
spammer, the advertisers will all want to know the identity of the 
recipient.  (As in, what actual person is behind the email address.) 
They'll want this, at the very least, to avoid fraud.  Because all of 
a sudden the economics are reversed.  There will be groups of people 
doing the exact inverse of spammers.  They'll be registering lots of 
domains, signing up for lots of sites, and then raking in the money.

>In fact, I'm rather surprised nobody has built something like this 
>already. It seems pretty obvious. Maybe there's some massive flaw 
>I'm missing, hence this

Why should they?  For the most part legitimate advertisers get 
through fine and free.  And like most of these systems, it all 
depends on how good your whitelisting system is.  I certainly can't 
reject email based on whether someone is in my address book, so at 
the very least it goes into a hold queue where I scan it.  And that's 
all the spammers need.  So they can continue to send spam.  So what 
have we gained?
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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To: mathew <meta@pobox.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: ADV: (was Re: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in the
 House of Representative)
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Date: Mon, 26 May 2003 09:32:51 -0400

At 11:52 PM -0400 5/25/03, mathew wrote:
>The point of ADV is it would let me block all commercial mail from 
>entities not in my whitelist.
>
>Which would be just fine by me.

This assumes that there is a reasonable whitelist system out there 
that doesn't block mail from N-different addresses at your favorite 
vendor, but does block mail from forged addresses (say 
support@microsoft.com?) at the same vendor.  And it needs an easy 
protocol for clicking on a link on a web site and whitelisting that 
site.  And it needs to be understandable and usable by the general 
public.  (And even then it doesn't do much good for those of us who 
regularly get mail from people we don't know.)

I've said before.  If everyone is going to be depending on 
whitelists--someone should start figuring out how a mailing list 
and/or web site communicate with the whitelist software on your 
machine.  (E.g. 
whitelist:domain=amazon.com,localpart=bounce-[username]-[domainname]... 
or whatever).

>
>Though I think adding non-internationalized text to the subject line 
>is a dumb way to implement it; it should be a new header.

Unfortunately, the darling of the internet--Outlook Express, can't 
filter on headers other than the subject.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: Re: ADV: (was Re: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in the House of Representative)
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Date: Mon, 26 May 2003 08:39:39 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> ...
> >The point of ADV is it would let me block all commercial mail from 
> >entities not in my whitelist.
> >
> >Which would be just fine by me.
>
> This assumes that there is a reasonable whitelist system out there 
> that doesn't block mail from N-different addresses at your favorite 
> vendor, but does block mail from forged addresses (say 
> support@microsoft.com?) at the same vendor.  And it needs an easy 
> protocol for clicking on a link on a web site and whitelisting that 
> site.  And it needs to be understandable and usable by the general 
> public.  (And even then it doesn't do much good for those of us who 
> regularly get mail from people we don't know.)
>
> I've said before.  If everyone is going to be depending on 
> whitelists--someone should start figuring out how a mailing list 
> and/or web site communicate with the whitelist software on your 
> machine.  (E.g. 
> whitelist:domain=amazon.com,localpart=bounce-[username]-[domainname]... 
> or whatever).
> ..


I'm not a fan of ADV tags particularly on "commercial mail" (if I send a
purely ASCII message to somewhere.com offering to buy or sell something,
must I tag it with "ADV" and include an opt-out URL?), but your criticisms
are based on notions that don't make sense to me:

  - that mail from people you don't know and that you want would be
   marked with "ADV".  Would you really want unexpected and so
   unsolicited advertising?

  - that mail senders need to communicate with your whitelist software.
   Why?  If envelope and headers are not forged, then when you decided
   you want blue pills that grow loans from deals4u2buy.org you can
   whitelist mail from deals4u2buy.org by pointing and clicking purely
   on your own system.  At worst you can start watching your logs of
   rejected mail and click on a caught sample to whitelist it.

  - that Deals4u2buy.org will use N-different addresses.  On the
   contrary, they'll good reasons to tell you their sender domain name
   and to keep it constant.

  - on the other hand, if the envelope or headers are forged, then
   the "ADV" tag will also be missing, because a large minority and
   probably a substantial majority of all users will decide (or have
   already decided) they want nothing tagged with "ADV" except perhaps
   a few white-listed exceptions.

  - Why can't people understand ADV tags and whitelisting?  I don't recall
   encountering anyone who couldn't but who could handle email.  Proof
   that people can understand this stuff is in the fact that so many
   of less sharp among us who have been elected to legislatures are
   so enthused about their laws requiring ADV tags.

  - we already have standardized mechanisms for identifying mailing lists.
   RFC 2919 is on the standards track.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Mon, 26 May 2003 12:26:14 -0700

Paying people to read advertisements was tried a few times during the 
dotcom boom, and the business model failed every time.

The reason is that there's two kinds of people on the Internet: the ones 
with too much time and not enough money, and the ones with enough money but 
not enough time.

The second group, the ones with enough money, are the ones that advertisers 
want to reach -- they're the ones with money to spend on luxuries and 
things, right? But, unfortunately, just about everybody with enough money 
doesn't have enough time to do everything they want to do. They certainly 
don't have enough time to sit through advertisements, not for the 
pennies-per-ad that an advertiser can afford to pay.

The group with enough time to sit through ads are people who don't have any 
money to spend on stuff. They're unemployed, and students, and other people 
who access the Internet from third-hand Pentium MMX machines at home or 
from PCs at the public library. They'll sit through as many advertisements 
as people will throw at them, so long as they get paid to do it -- but 
advertisers aren't interested in reaching THEM.

(There's a third group, people who don't have enough time OR enough money. 
They're working two or three jobs just to get by. But they don't figure 
into this discussion -- they've heard of this "Internet" thing and keep 
thinking they should give it a try.)

Mitch Wagner


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From: Terri Oda <terri@zone12.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] This mail list has been hacked
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Date: Mon, 26 May 2003 17:34:59 -0400

On Fri, May 23, 2003 at 02:29:09PM -0500, Karl Kraft wrote:
> All hail the mystical mighty hacker who knows how to visit a web page.   
> It was most likely leaked, not hacked
> 
> https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/ 
> msg04960.html

Might I suggest an upgrade of the list software to Mailman  2.1, if only for
the better archive-munging?  

 Terri
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Date: Mon, 26 May 2003 18:20:45 -0400

At 8:39 AM -0600 5/26/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>   - that mail from people you don't know and that you want would be
>    marked with "ADV".  Would you really want unexpected and so
>    unsolicited advertising?

Valid point.  I got lost there somewhere.

>
>   - that mail senders need to communicate with your whitelist software.
>    Why?  If envelope and headers are not forged, then when you decided
>    you want blue pills that grow loans from deals4u2buy.org you can
>    whitelist mail from deals4u2buy.org by pointing and clicking purely
>    on your own system.  At worst you can start watching your logs of
>    rejected mail and click on a caught sample to whitelist it.

That's not where I want them to communicate.  I think we all agree 
that we don't want to spend time wading through our spam mailbox to 
see if there's anything good.  It's better than wading through our 
normal inbox to see if anything's good, but not by a lot.  So I want 
to whitelist *before* I get the email.  Which means that I need to 
know what address is going to be sending.  Imagine all the 
complicated instructions some web site has to provide.  "We will be 
sending you email from this address for the main stuff, and from this 
address if there are administrative problems.  In order to add these 
addresses to your whitelist, if you are using Eudora on the Mac, do 
this, if Eudora on the PC, do that.  If you are using the third party 
whitelisting product xxx, do such and such.  If...."

I don't think that's going to work well.

>   - that Deals4u2buy.org will use N-different addresses.  On the
>    contrary, they'll good reasons to tell you their sender domain name
>    and to keep it constant.

Domain, sure.  But whitelisting by domain is asking for even more 
trouble than whitelisting by full address.  But if you want to 
whitelist by address, you definitely need to deal with more than one. 
Even the typical mailing lists uses at least two addresses.  (Some 
commercial mailings use a different one for each user--since the 
bounce information encodes the recipients email address.)

On the other hand, doing whitelisting by address just defers the 
inevitable forgery a little longer.  So without authenticated sender, 
I whitelisting seems doomed.  And since virtually every "make a major 
change to SMTP" system out there seems to depend on whitelisting as a 
transition tool, there's going to be a very interesting race.

>   - on the other hand, if the envelope or headers are forged, then
>    the "ADV" tag will also be missing, because a large minority and

Perhaps.  That's harder to predict.  Spammer behavior is easy. 
Follow the money and the direction that gets the most messages 
through.  Predicting user behavior is harder.

>   - Why can't people understand ADV tags and whitelisting?  I don't recall
>    encountering anyone who couldn't but who could handle email.  Proof

I don't understand ADV tags.  Does Amazon have to send me my purchase 
receipts with an ADV tag?  Does an opt-in list have to use an ADV 
tag--or just the people who randomly spam me?  I don't know what it 
means.  And it seems to me that it was you who berated me for trying 
to differentiate between different types of content from the same 
sender when I tried to differentiate between transactional email and 
advertising email.  You had some good points.  But isn't that what an 
ADV tag tries to do?  If not, then I don't dare block it.

Whitelists are hard to understand not because of the concept, but 
because of the plethora of email addresses that need to be 
whitelisted, and because people don't understand how easy forging is. 
And on top of that--the plethora of (as yet non-existent... but give 
them time) whitelisting interfaces.

>   - we already have standardized mechanisms for identifying mailing lists.
>    RFC 2919 is on the standards track.

Okay.  But I'm not sure where that ties into this issue.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Date: Tue, 27 May 2003 01:24:02 +0200

On Sat, May 24, 2003 at 11:27:15PM -0700, Scott Nelson wrote:
> >Why would limiting number of recipients make a difference? With today's 
> >computers and Internet connections cheap, additional SMTP sessions will be 
> >initiated just increasing Internet traffic.
> 
> That's an interesting theory you've posited.
> How, I wonder, could we prove it?

qmail only does one recipient delivery.
Statistics show (haven't an URL ready, sorry) that the overall "overhead"
against multi-recipient systems is nearly unmeasurable. Of course there ARE
situations, were it is a big gain to use multi-recipient strategy.

Most of the time recipient sorting on the sender site is rather CPU and
DNS expensive so in the same time some mailservers spend sorting
other actually finish the deliveries.

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200305270013.h4R0DKDp004080@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] This mail list has been hacked
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Date: Mon, 26 May 2003 18:13:20 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Terri Oda <terri@zone12.com>

> > All hail the mystical mighty hacker who knows how to visit a web page.   
> > It was most likely leaked, not hacked
> > 
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/ 
> > msg04960.html
>
> Might I suggest an upgrade of the list software to Mailman  2.1, if only for
> the better archive-munging?  

I oppose that motion on the grounds that anyone who cannot arrange
sufficient filtering on any address exposed though mechanisms such as
through the archives of this list is not qualified to contribute to
this mailing list.

I've been using vjs@rhyolite.com for more than 10 years, and currently
receive about half a dozen spam/week.  My mailbox has been filled with
far more certified clue-free noise about spam from the main IETF today
than I've received spam all month.

Besides, experiments reported in NANAE have demonstrated that spammers
have code that is smart enough to "de-munge" any systemic "munging"
that users are able to figure out.  It's not as if any rocket science
is required to write a Perl, awk, or other regular expression.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Cc: Asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Some data on the validity of MAIL FROM addresses
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Date: Tue, 27 May 2003 02:22:27 +0200

On Sun, May 18, 2003 at 03:34:14AM -0400, Kee Hinckley wrote:
> Vernon has regularly made the claim that a significant proportion of 
> spam messages have valid MAIL FROM's.  That means that bounces will 
> go the the spammer.  This has significant ramifications for C/R 
> systems (especially auto-respond ones) since it means that should 
> they have to, spammers could respond to challenges.

There would be an easy test method.
Modify the SMTP/Mail Server to send bounces not with an empty envelope
sender, but with a collector address. Also collect double bounces.
Then start counting. That way you will catch the bounces as they will
not be discarded by "store and forward" systems that have to accept what
will result in a double bounce.
By also recording the bounces you sent out and matching sender/dest
pairs the task would be rather trivial for people with e.g. spam traps.

I can't get my hands on a mailserver thats not in production and has
a large enough amount of mails for significant statistics.

As for the numbers:
From my experience /lot/ of sender addresses are faked. There is the
- keep username strategy
  abcdef@domain1 -> abcdef@domain2
  		 -> abcdef@domain3
  		 -> abcdef@domain4
		 [ ... ]
- 45jcz8fh@yahoo.com strategy (I see this mostly with yahoo addresses)
    A customer got abused and they relayed 57653 spam mails.
    They mostly grouped it in 8 messages per sender account (about 8700 unique)
    They were formed:
	0leba.tpbok@hotmail.com
	07k7m.ww9eq@hotmail.com
	dcf99.drafz@yahoo.com
	lmx6i.q8tge@hotmail.com
	6n4ss.2x6np@hotmail.com
	7gauv.9nc0n@yahoo.com
	g5ikw.qehld@hotmail.com
    all 8700. And from all the bounces I had seen NONE of them was
    valid.
    I put the list up at
	http://www.lamer.de/download/spamsender.txt.gz
    in case anyone is interested. The format is  "nnn  address" where
    "nnn" is the number of times the address was used as sender address.
    (uniq -c)
- the - what I call them - "nolist" group.
  They use
      OWNER-NOLIST-OFCDAILY*xxx**domain....@MAIL2.ASP-PLATFORM.COM
      OWNER-NOLIST-OFCDAILY*xxx**domain....@MAIL1.YOURMAILSOURCE.COM
      ...
  The bounces go back and are accepted (ad least they were before I put
  filters in) but they are abviously not evaluated as I always see
  the same (not existing/blocked) recipient lists tried over and over
  for months. So I am rather sure there is a bit bucket SMTP daemon
  accepting the messages.
- about 10% of the spam we (ought to) receive has
     - no valid A or MX record for the sender domain
       (slighty wrong figures because of the big@boss.com Sobig-A worm)
     - about 3-5% of the spam that bounces hangs in the queue (at least
       for a short time), because
	 - A/MX -> 127.0.0.1 or 0.0.0.0
	 - A/MX don't accept emails for 7 days period like
	      sales@websalesjet.net
	      claire@t9enterprises.com
	      *@online-shop-exchange.com
	      *@gratefulgeorge.us
	      *@healthfirs.org
	  ...

I doubt Vernons theory from my daily experience, but no, I have no real
numbers (s.a.)

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: Re: ADV: (was Re: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in the House of Representative)
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Date: Mon, 26 May 2003 18:31:57 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> ...
> >    Why?  If envelope and headers are not forged, then when you decided
> >    you want blue pills that grow loans from deals4u2buy.org you can
> >    whitelist mail from deals4u2buy.org by pointing and clicking purely
> >    on your own system.  At worst you can start watching your logs of
> >    rejected mail and click on a caught sample to whitelist it.
>
> That's not where I want them to communicate.  I think we all agree 
> that we don't want to spend time wading through our spam mailbox to 
> see if there's anything good.  It's better than wading through our 
> normal inbox to see if anything's good, but not by a lot.  So I want 
> to whitelist *before* I get the email.  Which means that I need to 
> know what address is going to be sending.  Imagine all the 
> complicated instructions some web site has to provide.  "We will be 
> sending you email from this address for the main stuff, and from this 
> address if there are administrative problems. 

Why would you need to white-list the administrative address?  Why
would adminstrative messages have ADV tags?  They shouldn't be bulk
and they're argueably not "commercial."

>                                                In order to add these 
> addresses to your whitelist, if you are using Eudora on the Mac, do 
> this, if Eudora on the PC, do that.  If you are using the third party 
> whitelisting product xxx, do such and such.  If...."

That argues for common user interfaces, not protocols for computers to
talk to each other.

>                                                         ...  (Some 
> commercial mailings use a different one for each user--since the 
> bounce information encodes the recipients email address.)

Some people are unclear on the concept of X, for any value of X.
Confusing cute ideas with solutions to real problems is a common
way that happens.  The mailing list package that does that is a
classic example of that syndrome.

>
> >   - that Deals4u2buy.org will use N-different addresses.  On the
> >    contrary, they'll good reasons to tell you their sender domain name
> >    and to keep it constant.
>
> Domain, sure.  But whitelisting by domain is asking for even more 
> trouble than whitelisting by full address. 

I meant full address.

>                                             But if you want to 
> whitelist by address, you definitely need to deal with more than one. 
> Even the typical mailing lists uses at least two addresses.  (Some 
> commercial mailings use a different one for each user--since the 
> bounce information encodes the recipients email address.)

There is RFC 2919.

The DCC detects bulk mail by protocol and unsolicited bulk mail by
adding local whitelists.  The DCC source includes a sample whitelist
and I hear from the thousands of installations of DCC clients.  Because
of that, I claim some direct and second hand experience whitelisting
mailing lists.  From tha experience, it seems to me that those lists
that don't suffer the cute idea syndrome are easy to white-list.
After lists using that system, the problems I've heard of are desires
to white-list all lists of some brand like Yahoo Groups.


> On the other hand, doing whitelisting by address just defers the 
> inevitable forgery a little longer.  So without authenticated sender, 
> I whitelisting seems doomed.  And since virtually every "make a major 
> change to SMTP" system out there seems to depend on whitelisting as a 
> transition tool, there's going to be a very interesting race.

I don't see any deferring of inevitable forgery, because whitelisting
is already extremely popular.

You're also assuming facts not inevidence, that forgery of mailing
list senders is a likely problem.  If it is likely then why haven't
the spammers already been forging mail with practically universally
whitelisted markings, such as CERT.org advisories and Habeas's mark?


> ...
> >   - Why can't people understand ADV tags and whitelisting?  I don't recall
> >    encountering anyone who couldn't but who could handle email.  Proof
>
> I don't understand ADV tags.  Does Amazon have to send me my purchase 
> receipts with an ADV tag?  Does an opt-in list have to use an ADV 
> tag--or just the people who randomly spam me?  I don't know what it 
> means.  And it seems to me that it was you who berated me for trying 
> to differentiate between different types of content from the same 
> sender when I tried to differentiate between transactional email and 
> advertising email.  You had some good points.  But isn't that what an 
> ADV tag tries to do?  If not, then I don't dare block it.

I don't like ADV tags because the laws that mandate them seem as
muddled as the noise about spam in the main IETF list.  In this thread
I've assumed for the sake of discussion that ADV tags make sense,
despite my lack of understanding.  I think ADV tags could make sense.
I'd put them on all messages in a bulk mailing which includes or might
include some unsolicited copies--in other words on "opt-out" spam.


> Whitelists are hard to understand not because of the concept, but 
> because of the plethora of email addresses that need to be 
> whitelisted, and because people don't understand how easy forging is. 
> And on top of that--the plethora of (as yet non-existent... but give 
> them time) whitelisting interfaces.

There's no plethora that needs whitelisting.
There are plenty of existent whitelisting interfaces, but that is a
problem.

> >   - we already have standardized mechanisms for identifying mailing lists.
> >    RFC 2919 is on the standards track.
>
> Okay.  But I'm not sure where that ties into this issue.

List-ID headers are an obvious and good solution for identifying mailing
lists.  Instead of white-listing sender FQDNs or SMTP client IP addresses
or host names, you could white-list List-ID strings.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: Terri Oda <terri@zone12.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] This mail list has been hacked
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Date: Mon, 26 May 2003 20:46:19 -0400

At 5:34 PM -0400 5/26/03, Terri Oda wrote:
>Might I suggest an upgrade of the list software to Mailman  2.1, if only for
>the better archive-munging?

The list is also being archived in other public locations, so that 
isn't going to help much.

Onless you are using disposable addresses, I don't see much point in 
list address munging.  I have addresses that have been exposed once, 
and others (like this one) that have been exposed in thousands of 
locations.  After a couple years the spam is pretty much the same.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Terri Oda wrote:
>
> Might I suggest an upgrade of the list software to Mailman  2.1, if only
for
> the better archive-munging?

It's simple to activate spam-protection in MHonArc, you just put <SPAMMODE>
in the resource file.  You can customize it various ways, including with a
custom <ADDRESSMODIFYCODE> expression.

http://www.mhonarc.org/MHonArc/doc/resources/spammode.html
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: ADV: (was Re: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in the
 House of Representative)
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Date: Mon, 26 May 2003 21:09:07 -0400

At 6:31 PM -0600 5/26/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>  > complicated instructions some web site has to provide.  "We will be
>>  sending you email from this address for the main stuff, and from this
>>  address if there are administrative problems.
>
>Why would you need to white-list the administrative address?  Why
>would adminstrative messages have ADV tags?  They shouldn't be bulk
>and they're argueably not "commercial."

Well, as we've both said.  The ADV proposals are confusing.

>  > addresses to your whitelist, if you are using Eudora on the Mac, do
>>  this, if Eudora on the PC, do that.  If you are using the third party
>>  whitelisting product xxx, do such and such.  If...."
>
>That argues for common user interfaces, not protocols for computers to
>talk to each other.

Sure.  And all Window's users should adopt the Mac interface--but 
we're talking about the real world.  Go read an ISP's support page on 
configuring your email product to talk to their mail server.  I've 
had to write those things.  It isn't fun.  And I have users who call 
me at least once a year because they got a virus and had to wipe 
their disk and they've forgotten how to do it, could I please tell 
them again.

>  > commercial mailings use a different one for each user--since the
>>  bounce information encodes the recipients email address.)
>
>Some people are unclear on the concept of X, for any value of X.
>Confusing cute ideas with solutions to real problems is a common
>way that happens.  The mailing list package that does that is a
>classic example of that syndrome.

Yes.  But they do, and it will be a problem.

>  >                                             But if you want to
>>  whitelist by address, you definitely need to deal with more than one.
>>  Even the typical mailing lists uses at least two addresses.  (Some
>>  commercial mailings use a different one for each user--since the
>>  bounce information encodes the recipients email address.)
>
>There is RFC 2919.

Which does not, as far as I can tell from reading it, indicate 
whether administrative mail sent to an individual user (e.g. "your 
email address has been bouncing frequently" or "please turn off your 
vacation program") should have a list identifier.  Nor does it 
address non-list commercial email that comes from numerous addresses 
(for perfectly valid reasons).

>mailing lists.  From tha experience, it seems to me that those lists
>that don't suffer the cute idea syndrome are easy to white-list.
>After lists using that system, the problems I've heard of are desires
>to white-list all lists of some brand like Yahoo Groups.

Which could in theory be done using RFC 2919's sub-groups.  But then, 
lots of things would be easier if lists followed recommendations more 
often.

>I don't see any deferring of inevitable forgery, because whitelisting
>is already extremely popular.

Whitelisting is popular among techies.  I'm not aware that any of the 
major email clients support it--which means that it's not in use with 
most users.  (Some mailers do support filtering based on whether 
someone is in your address book--but my experience has been that the 
average user has never created any filters.)

>You're also assuming facts not inevidence, that forgery of mailing
>list senders is a likely problem.  If it is likely then why haven't
>the spammers already been forging mail with practically universally
>whitelisted markings, such as CERT.org advisories and Habeas's mark?

Because I'm making the assertion that the number of people who 
whitelist is tiny.  As evidence I'd offer a) that the majority of 
users have a major spam problem, and b) my experiences with sending 
mail to wormalert hoaxed folks using a different email address, yet 
getting through fine.

>I'd put them on all messages in a bulk mailing which includes or might
>include some unsolicited copies--in other words on "opt-out" spam.

Have you ever met a bulk-mailer who thought they had any of those :-).

>  > Whitelists are hard to understand not because of the concept, but
>>  because of the plethora of email addresses that need to be
>>  whitelisted, and because people don't understand how easy forging is.
>>  And on top of that--the plethora of (as yet non-existent... but give
>>  them time) whitelisting interfaces.
>
>There's no plethora that needs whitelisting.

Not if they are applied as you recommend.  I agree.

>List-ID headers are an obvious and good solution for identifying mailing
>lists.  Instead of white-listing sender FQDNs or SMTP client IP addresses
>or host names, you could white-list List-ID strings.

Agreed.

In some respects, the (semi-articulated) proposal from the 
bulk-mailing folks appears to be an attempt to provide a similar 
identification mechanism for non-list, bulk mail.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
_______________________________________________
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: ADV: (was Re: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in the House of Representative)
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Date: Mon, 26 May 2003 19:34:53 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> ...
> >I don't see any deferring of inevitable forgery, because whitelisting
> >is already extremely popular.
>
> Whitelisting is popular among techies.  I'm not aware that any of the 
> major email clients support it--which means that it's not in use with 
> most users.  (Some mailers do support filtering based on whether 
> someone is in your address book--but my experience has been that the 
> average user has never created any filters.)

I think you are mistaken.
  - I've seen users talk about using whitelisting with Hotmail
  - I think I've been told the Outlook can do something like whitelisting
  - Netscape 7's filters can be used to whitelist.


> >You're also assuming facts not inevidence, that forgery of mailing
> >list senders is a likely problem.  If it is likely then why haven't
> >the spammers already been forging mail with practically universally
> >whitelisted markings, such as CERT.org advisories and Habeas's mark?
>
> Because I'm making the assertion that the number of people who 
> whitelist is tiny.  As evidence I'd offer a) that the majority of 
> users have a major spam problem, and b) my experiences with sending 
> mail to wormalert hoaxed folks using a different email address, yet 
> getting through fine.

That does not look like evidence for or against whitelisting to me.

It also does not address that evidence for the contrary position.
I believe Habeas's claim that most of the Internet has already
white-listed the Habeas mark.  So why aren't more spammers forging it?

And why don't you see forged spam supposedly from CERT or the IETF?

I don't really know how many people whitelist.  I suspect that as a
fraction of the Internet, they are a minority.  However 200,000,000
people is a minorty.  5,000,000 is a tiny, 1% minority but enough for
spammers to notice.  (I'm seeing evidence that some spammers are paying
attention to the ~5,000,000 mailboxes protected by the DCC.)


> >I'd put them on all messages in a bulk mailing which includes or might
> >include some unsolicited copies--in other words on "opt-out" spam.
>
> Have you ever met a bulk-mailer who thought they had any of those :-).

Of course!  And from the start of the spam problem.  That they say
things like "gift subscription" instead of "spam" is irrelevant.

When the current tiny number of idiots are finally squashed by the
DMA and Congress, we'll have as "legitimate opt-out messages" as
we now have spam, because the current rate is only about 10 spam/user/day,
which is not quite or just barely at the threshold of pain...rather
like paper junk mail.

(I figure about 10 spam/user/day because many outfits with more than
a tiny handful of users report 5 to 50 total mail messages/user/day,
and 40-70% of all mail is spam.)


> ...
> In some respects, the (semi-articulated) proposal from the 
> bulk-mailing folks appears to be an attempt to provide a similar 
> identification mechanism for non-list, bulk mail.

What is "non-list, bulk mail"?  As far as I can see, the bulk mail
from this mailing list is the same as any other bulk mail, except
that I trust no one is receiving unsolicited copies of this bulk
mail.  Whether the list is compiled with a proper opt-in handshake,
dictionary attacks, or any other mechanism is irrelevant.  This is
demonstrated by the unmitigated spammers that use ordinary mailing
list software.  All mailing list systems can be primed or extended
with 1 or 30,000,000 addresses.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: Re: ADV: (was Re: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in the
 House of Representative)
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Date: Mon, 26 May 2003 23:54:48 -0400

At 7:34 PM -0600 5/26/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
>I think you are mistaken.
>   - I've seen users talk about using whitelisting with Hotmail
>   - I think I've been told the Outlook can do something like whitelisting
>   - Netscape 7's filters can be used to whitelist.

If that is the case--why are they getting spam?

>  > Because I'm making the assertion that the number of people who
>>  whitelist is tiny.  As evidence I'd offer a) that the majority of
>>  users have a major spam problem, and b) my experiences with sending
>>  mail to wormalert hoaxed folks using a different email address, yet
>>  getting through fine.
>
>That does not look like evidence for or against whitelisting to me.

I sent 30,000+ messages to complete strangers and the vast majority 
of the messages were received.  Believe me, these were not people who 
have filters.

>I believe Habeas's claim that most of the Internet has already
>white-listed the Habeas mark.  So why aren't more spammers forging it?

What does "most of the internet mean"?  AOL, MSN and Earthlink have 
decided to let Habeas mail through for their users?  I could believe 
that.  But that has nothing to do with whitelisting email addresses 
and lists.

>And why don't you see forged spam supposedly from CERT or the IETF?

Because 99% of the users out there haven't a clue what they are, and 
certainly haven't whitelisted them.

I think you're talking about ISP whitelisting.  I'm talking about 
end-user whitelisting.  Those are two completely different things.

>  > In some respects, the (semi-articulated) proposal from the
>>  bulk-mailing folks appears to be an attempt to provide a similar
>>  identification mechanism for non-list, bulk mail.
>
>What is "non-list, bulk mail"?  As far as I can see, the bulk mail

The stuff companies like Roving send for their customers, and large 
companies like Amazon send for themselves.  Am I really being that 
unclear?  I give up.


-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: ADV: (was Re: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in the House of Representative)
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Date: Mon, 26 May 2003 22:23:42 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>

> >I think you are mistaken.
> >   - I've seen users talk about using whitelisting with Hotmail
> >   - I think I've been told the Outlook can do something like whitelisting
> >   - Netscape 7's filters can be used to whitelist.
>
> If that is the case--why are they getting spam?

(Note that I was responding to your statement that whitelisting is
not available.)

My guess is two reasons:
  - Most people want to receive mail from strangers.  They value
   the ability to hear from lost uncles more than they dislike spam.

  - Most people don't think of the notion of whitelisting everyone
   but a few friends.  When it's pointed out to them, they can
   understand whitelisting a sender that would otherwise be filtered.
   But they don't "get" the notion of going to 100% whitelisting.

That second reason is not theoretical, as demonstrated by the many
people who propose here and everywhere perfect spam solutions that
are equivalent to 100% whitelisting.


> ...
> >I believe Habeas's claim that most of the Internet has already
> >white-listed the Habeas mark.  So why aren't more spammers forging it?
>
> What does "most of the internet mean"?  AOL, MSN and Earthlink have 
> decided to let Habeas mail through for their users?  I could believe 
> that.  

Habeas claims 300,000,000 mailboxes have whitelisted their mark. 
I suspect that includes some of AOL, MSN, Earthlink, Outblaze, Juno,
and the default configurations for many spam filters.

>        But that has nothing to do with whitelisting email addresses 
> and lists.

It's not the same as whitelisting addresses and lists, but it is
relevant to the question of spammers forging addresses to use whitelists.
If spammers are fearless about forgery, why doesn't even some spam
include the Habeas mark?  (Yes, I noticed the recent court cases,
which is why I used the present tense.)


> >And why don't you see forged spam supposedly from CERT or the IETF?
>
> Because 99% of the users out there haven't a clue what they are, and 
> certainly haven't whitelisted them.
>
> I think you're talking about ISP whitelisting.  I'm talking about 
> end-user whitelisting.  Those are two completely different things.

They differ but are related.  A lot of ISP whitelisting consists of
suggestions or default configurations for users's individual whitelists.


> >  > In some respects, the (semi-articulated) proposal from the
> >>  bulk-mailing folks appears to be an attempt to provide a similar
> >>  identification mechanism for non-list, bulk mail.
> >
> >What is "non-list, bulk mail"?  As far as I can see, the bulk mail
>
> The stuff companies like Roving send for their customers, and large 
> companies like Amazon send for themselves.  Am I really being that 
> unclear?  I give up.

Distinguishing between the bulk mail of this list and the stuff Roving
sends is counter-productive.  The contents of bulk mail really doesn't
matter, and neither do the software used to send it or the motives of
the senders.  All that matters is whether a reasonable person (in the
legal sense of the phrase) would say the mail is solicited by all of
its targets.  Why wouldn't or shouldn't Roving include List-ID headers
for its various streams?  What's the difference between white-
or blacklisting Rovings domains or IETF's servers?

Once you start paying attention to contents, you end up with hopeless
muddles such as "ADV is required on commercial mail" with no hope
of deciding whether a lot of mail is "commercial."


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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To: asrg@ietf.org
From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Need to know
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Date: Tue, 27 May 2003 00:49:41 -0700

At 01:24 AM 5/27/03 +0200, Markus Stumpf wrote:
>On Sat, May 24, 2003 at 11:27:15PM -0700, Scott Nelson wrote:
>> >Why would limiting number of recipients make a difference? With today's 
>> >computers and Internet connections cheap, additional SMTP sessions will be 
>> >initiated just increasing Internet traffic.
>> 
>> That's an interesting theory you've posited.
>> How, I wonder, could we prove it?
>
>qmail only does one recipient delivery.
>Statistics show (haven't an URL ready, sorry) that the overall "overhead"
>against multi-recipient systems is nearly unmeasurable. Of course there ARE
>situations, were it is a big gain to use multi-recipient strategy.
>
>Most of the time recipient sorting on the sender site is rather CPU and
>DNS expensive so in the same time some mailservers spend sorting
>other actually finish the deliveries.
>

I'm guessing, but I think the qmail sorting problem is quite different 
from the spammer sorting problem.  Spammers don't have to sort on the
fly - they can sort their lists well before hand, and the list only 
needs to be sorted once.

Still, if we knew the average number of recipients for spam 
messages currently, and the average number for non-spam,
then we could at least make a reasonable estimate of the effects 
of limiting it, in terms of number of connections, and total bandwidth.  
If it turns out the average number of recipients
is less than 1.1, then clearly limiting it to one wouldn't
have much effect at all.  If it's 50, then that's nearly a
50 to 1 increase in raw network cost.  To fully understand
the ultimate effect we'd still need to know what effect raising
the cost of sending has on spam and non-spam, but "the average
number of recipients" is at least one of the things we "need to know".


It occurs to me that if the SMTP protocol was changed so that it 
didn't /guarantee/ 100 recipients, it could still allow more than
one for trusted senders.  (local policy would dictate of course,
but the I'd make the wording "SHOULD limit to one, unless the 
sender is trusted") Established mailing lists wouldn't be affected
as much, since they would probably be whitelisted relatively 
quickly by the big ISPs.  

Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
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At 26/05/2003 07:02 +0900, Shannon Jacobs wrote:

> 1) We want to be informed of the best values.
> 2) We don't want to give up our privacy.
> 3) Companies compete to create the best values.
> 4) Email could help customers find the best values.

If (1,4) _I_ want to be informed, _I_ go and do something about
it. I opt IN to a few things (even the ASRG list ...). I don't
want to be informed of stuff on the basis of someone else's
values.

The things over which companies compete (3) are a set of things
different in principle from those which consumers think are of
value. The sets have some members in common but the utility
functions are different.
Bluntly, commercial concerns are there to make money; some will
do it by helping you, but it's not their primary concern.

There is a danger of believing that U<C>E is the problem; it's
UBE (2) whether C or not, that I want to deal with.

It's possible that the key issue is how to deal with U -- e-mail
you were not expecting -- so that recipients feel they remain in
control.
That will be my criterion for the beginning of the end.

And working it through, some technology gives recipients some
self-determination in some environments. Legislation probably
transfers control away from recipients. I only expect to see the
beginning of the end when Internet businesses establish sensible
relationships among themselves and with their customers. I want to
be able to buy a mail service that works to my specification, which
my provider has set up with other providers. No path from anywhere
with pink contracts or other inadequate policies, and it's up to
my ISP to assure me of that.

Yes, this fragments the mail community; or it would, if that
community was not already ripped apart
('divided by a common protocol'?[1]).

Rodney Tillotson, JANET-CERT
+44 1235 822 255.

[1] Apologies to George Bernard Shaw and others.

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>  >This document identifies MIME experimental content-type values for
> allowing automated C/R system interworking.
>  >[..]
>
> Aren't we using headers?

Headers seems to be an ambiguous term to me..maybe it's much clearer to
others.  I am not proposing the modification of SMTP to introduce new
headers.  The use of experimental MIME content values is just fine and
ensures comptibility with non-CRI systems as the are simply ignored..or
removed in some cases.

>
> Is there room in the specifications for the following:

There's room for anything that makes sense..and I like the term
specification better than proposed standard or draft since we are a research
group.

> 1. Tag or certification systems which will send their seal or certificate
> as a response.

So..if there is a third party CA...then we could validate the server.  Then
there are more headers introduced here..and it sounds as if you are moving
towards authenticated mail servers.  Not a bad idea..but don't believe it
has a place within CRI.  That's not to say that they couldn't be compatible
or run as ships in the night as an overlay security model..but don't think
they have a home in something as limited as CRI. I would recommend that you
write up your own thoughts on such a model using certificates.

> 2. Economic systems which will use the cryptographics or some
> other methods
> like hashcash to add costs to email.

Again, I see no conflict..but anyone can use any experimental MIME values. I
would also recommend that you write up your ideas here.

>
> What will stop a spammer from putting X-CM headers into the message

Well a spammer would have to engage in a 3-way handshake process using valid
domains, MX records, and sender address.  While some will in fact commit
such crimes, others may be detered.  Placing the headers in a message merely
allows a CRI system to respond.  It doesn't create an additional
vulnerabilities.

> and
> what happens in that case - is there message let through or the
> C/R system
> responds to it, thus validating the receiver's email?

CRI only automates what user's automatically do today.  A mail system would
have to maintain state of all outgoing email and then automatically respond
to CRI messages.  Sending unsolicitied CRI messages would have the same
effect of sendig an unsolicited TCP socket to a stateful firewall.


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Changing to use an off-shore ISP doen't takle you out of the scope of the
proposed legislation.  Moving yourself off-shore would, of course, but how
many of the spammers will want to  do that?

Tom

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
Richard Rognlie
Sent: 23 May 2003 20:43
To: Yakov Shafranovich
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in the House of
Representative


Sadly, none of those provisions will have ANY impact on the trash cluttering
the net.  they'll just move off-shore.

On Fri, May 23, 2003 at 03:27:07PM -0400, Yakov Shafranovich wrote:
> Below is a CNET News.com article about a new anti-spam proposal in the
> House:
>
> http://news.com.com/2100-1025-1009467.html
>

--
 /  \__  | Richard Rognlie / Oracle Prophet / Gamerz.NET Lackey
 \__/  \ | http://www.gamerz.net/rrognlie/    <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
 /  \__/ | Today is the first day of the rest of your life.  Of course,
 \__/    |    so was yesterday, and look how you screwed *that* up...
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Subject: [Asrg] Brad Templeton's C/R Guidelines
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Date: Tue, 27 May 2003 12:48:00 -0400

Here is a list of C/R guidelines compiled by Brad Templeton, who wrote one 
of the early C/R systems (from 
http://www.templetons.com/brad/spam/challengeresponse.html). To summarize:

o Never challenge any mail that's a reply to a private message you sent.
o Avoid challenging replies to public messages
o Use multiple addresses
o Never challenge mailing list mail
o Never challenge a challenge!
o Make the "From" on your challenge match the address mailed to
o Put an In-reply-to header on your challenge
o Include the subject of the original message in the challenge
o Present a regular summary of all blocked mail
o Make the challenge as easy as you can make workable.
o Don't force users to re-send mail
o Detect all attempts to subscribe to mailing lists
o Detect mailing lists subscribed to in the user's mail archives
o Detect patterns of possible incoming mailing lists
o Think about anonymous E-mail


-----------snip-------------
Proper principles for Challenge/Response anti-spam systems

Back in 1997 I wrote what is probably the first of the challenge/response 
(C/R) spam-blocking systems. These are systems that, when they see an 
E-mail from somebody you've never corresponded with before, hold the mail 
and e-mail back a "challenge" to confirm that the person is a real sender 
and not a mailing robot, in particular a spammer. The other person gets the 
challenge, and responds to it in some way. If they do this properly, your 
system releases the mail that was held, and from then on they can mail 
without challenge.

There are a number of these systems springing up -- it's a very effective 
system and a fairly obvious idea -- but not everybody is doing it right, so 
I thought I would lay out some "best practices" based on my 6 years of 
experience. I don't even do all of these things, because I wrote my system 
before they became necessary, but if I were writing a new version, I would.
Never challenge any mail that's a reply to a private message you sent.

If you send somebody private mail (from any address you have), and they 
reply to you with any mailer, you should accept their mail and not send 
them a challenge. This is true even if they reply from a different address 
than you sent the mail to. Many people have mail aliases, and receive mail 
on one address and send on another. Some people use other anti-spam systems 
that generate new addresses every time they mail.

What this means is that simply whitelisting all addresses you mail to is 
not enough, though it is of course an important thing to do.

One of the easiest ways to do this, by the way, is to have multiple 
addresses yourself. Send out private mail with an address that does not do 
challenges. An old fashioned unfiltered E-mail box (though you may want to 
note the addresses on incoming mail to whitelist them.) However, you must 
be sure this address won't get out to spammers, or you will have to switch 
it to another. (You must be prepared to do this.)

In general, you should probably put an un-challenged address on business 
cards too. Save filtered addresses for public use. Postings to mailing 
lists, listings on web pages, listings in conference directories, etc.
Avoid challenging replies to public messages

If you can do it, avoid challenging replies to your public messages to 
mailing lists and newsgroups. With private mailing lists (not archived in 
public) you can of course accept any replies with reasonable safety based 
on subject line and in-reply-to. With public postings, consider accepting 
replies unchallenged for a few days to weeks after postings, then add a 
challenge for late replies which are more likely to be spammers.
Use multiple addresses

Any good spam filtering system will support giving the user multiple 
aliases under which to receive mail. This has two functions. One, you can 
filter some aliaes more than others. For example, you might have "public" 
addresses used in newsgroup postings and on a web site, and private 
addresses used only in mails to private parties, replies etc. You would use 
less filtering, and perhaps no challenge/response, on private addresses.

It's also handy to provide a gamut of addresses to use so that you can use 
a different address every time you give out an address. For example, if 
entering data on a web page that asks for your E-mail address, use a 
different one each time. That way if any address gets on spammer's lists, 
you can delete it or give it very high spam filtering with minimal risk to 
mail from others.

The best plan is to have your own subdomain for mail, allowing an infinite 
space of addresses. However, if that is not available to you, sendmail 
treats mail to "userid+anything" as mail to the given userid. For example, 
if a sendmail user has the address fbaggins@shire.org, then 
fbaggins+ring@shire.org and fbaggins+bagend@shire.org and all other such 
addresses will be delivered to the main address. Qmail does a similar 
system, using a dash instead of a plus. That's better, since unfortunately 
there are huge numbers of badly coded web forms that, because they map "+" 
to a space, don't accept fully legal e-mail addresses with a plus in them.

The personal domain is also best because spammers can easily guess the root 
address on a plus-sign based address. If you use this, you must have filter 
the base address, and have unfiltered addresses use the plus.

Some systems generate a new address for every mail sent, using a special 
random string in the address itself. Some use a cryptographically secure 
hash to generate the string so they can immediately identify any address 
they identified without having to remember them.

Be aware, however, that in generating many addresses, you may mesh badly 
with other whitelist systems expecting your mail to come from the same 
address. One option is to use the base address in the "From:" and put any 
generated address, especially an unfiltered one, in the Reply-to. Beware 
that there are mailers that botch Reply-to out there.
Never challenge mailing list mail

For decades, all good mail responders have known not to respond to mailing 
list mail. An unofficial standard has indicated that bulk mail of various 
forms would have a header like "Precedence: bulk" or sometimes "Precedence: 
list" to mark it as bulk. "Precedence: junk" is rarely used for it would 
declare things to be spam!

You can also test to see that none of the addresses in the "To" and "CC" 
lines is an address for the person getting the mail, though that does 
present a maintenance problem since there is no automatic way to know all 
those addresses. However, you definitely should not challenge any mail with 
the above precedence headers.
Who to challenge?

There are three possible addresses you can challenge. They are the 
"Envelope From", the regular "From:" and the address in a "Reply-to:" header.

Most merit points to challenging the Envelope From, which is the address 
you would send bounce errors to. The "From:" is the person who wrote the 
message (and thus in most cases, though not all, the person you are trying 
to confirm is a human being.) The "Reply-to" is the address that the sender 
expected actual replies to the mail to go.

Unfortunately, you definitely should not challenge more than one of these.

A challenge is similar to a bounce error, but unfortuantely in many cases 
it is not handled by a human -- it was in fact designed to be not handled 
by a human. Most such cases are list mail, which you should not be 
challenging at all. In the case of list mail, the Envelope-From always 
identifies the list manager itself, not the particular poster to the 
mailing list. Sometimes it is a unique address, so that programs can 
automate detecting bounces without having to parse them to try to figure 
out what mail bounced.

The From is often the actual person who posted to the mailing list, or the 
real sender of a person to person mail. Some lists have all mail come 
"from" the list manager, however. Some lists have the list address be in 
the Reply-to.

You must not challenge individual mailers to a list, so only challenge the 
 From or Reply-to when you are sure it is not list mail. If you challenge 
individual mailers you'll get bounced of the list very quickly.

The answer here thus depends on how good your detection of list mail is. If 
it's reliable, you may decide to challenge the From or Reply-to, since that 
is more assured to be a human. On the other hand, challenging the 
Envelope-From has many merits. The worst case is that it's not a human (or 
it's a list that is not tagging list mail as such) and this mail will 
appear in the digest, hopefully near the top.
Never challenge a challenge!

The other person might have a C/R program or a whitelist.
Make the "From" on your challenge match the address mailed to

When they send out their mail they will have whitelisted the address they 
sent to, so any challenge From that address should get through.
Put an In-reply-to header on your challenge

The challenge should refer to the message-id of the mail being challenged. 
A good whitelist program should remember the message-id of every mail the 
user sends out, and every challenge sent out. If a challenge comes back 
with an in-reply-to, you can identify it as a valid challenge. In the end, 
this may become the main technique, once spammers try to guess the names of 
your friends and send spam disguised as challenges. They can't fake this 
message-id.

The other reason to record the outgoing message-id is to be sure you never 
challenge anybody replying to mail you sent out. If mail has an in-reply-to 
that matches an outgoing message-id of a private mail of yours, you let it in.
Include the subject of the original message in the challenge

C/R programs should also log outgoing subjects, so that they can detect 
replies (and challenges) to the user's messages.
Present a regular summary of all blocked mail

No system is perfect, so the system must present a summary on some 
reasonable interval, of mail that was blocked by the system. This would 
include mailing list mail that was unchallenged, and mail to which the 
challenge was never responded.

This should be presented as a summary digest, which allows a quick scan of 
all these messages. The summary should show a minimal set of relevant 
headers (From, To, Subject, CC etc.) and a few lines from the body. It 
should also show a "spam score" calculated for the message, and the digest 
should be sorted by spam-score, so the lowest scores appear at the top.

With each message in the digest, the user should be able to select the 
message to define what to do with it, including delivering it, whitelisting 
the sender, whitelisting the mailing list it came from, and combinations. 
It can also offer options like blacklisting the sender, tuning the 
spam-score, and reporting the spam to collaborative filters.

Any existing spam scoring system can be used. The fact that the challenged 
address did not exist or the mail to it bounced may give a high spam-score, 
but one should be wary of the affect of this on anonymous mail.

The summary can be e-mailed every so often (once a day typically, or less 
frequently for people who read mail less frequently) or a web option should 
be available to see the latest summary. Normally messages would not appear 
in the summary until they have had some period of time to get a response to 
the challenge -- typically a daily digest will have the prior day's 
messages in it.

This step is vital. If this is not done, users will miss mail for mailing 
lists they joined, mail from people who decide not to answer challenges, 
and mail from people whose mail software is incompatible with the challenge.
Understand mail/postings to public vs. private addresses

As noted, the best practice is to use an address that does not have C/R on 
mail to private parties. It is important however to use a C/R filtered 
address if the mail/posting will go out in public. This includes all 
newsgroup postings, and any mail to mailing lists which have public 
archives. An ideal system would modify outgoing mail, using a non-filtered 
address on private mail, and a public address on mail that may be exposed 
in public.
Make the challenge as easy as you can make workable.

Spammers are not currently trying to rake responses to spam challenges, but 
they will. Until they do, asking for any reply at all actually works well 
as a challenge. Once they do, challenges must require some special action 
from the responder, something to prove they are human. Even so, try to make 
it as easy as possible, and provide several means of responding to the 
challenge.

For example, send your challenge as a multipart/alternative with plain text 
and HTML. In both, include a link the user can click on to make their 
response via a browser. However, since many people read mail offline or 
without a browser handy, always allow the response to come in E-mail.

Don't require the user to be online to see the challenge, ie. don't use 
inlined image files unless absolutely necessary.

While the challenge must come "From:" the address that was mailed, it can 
have a Reply-to that sends the response to a specific handler with a unique 
address that lets you know what challenge is being answered. Since some 
users will not deal properly with the Reply-to, it is advised you also 
detect responses at the address which was in the From: of the challenge. In 
your challenge, put a magic token in the Subject line, Message-id and body, 
and if that token appears in any part of the response -- Subject, 
In-Reply-To or body, you will be able to identify the response, no matter 
what address it comes from.

If you ask the user to answer a question, be as forgiving as possible i 
finding it in the body or subject of the response. If the user makes a bad 
response, give them an error to know their mail is not yet delivered.
Don't force users to re-send mail

Some challenges indicate the original mail was not delivered, and ask the 
user to send it again. Users will balk at this, and if they felt they were 
doing the recipient a favour (such as answering a question they asked in a 
public forum) they often will not bother to jump through any hoops to 
respond to challenges or re-send mail. You must make it as easy as possible.
Detect all attempts to subscribe to mailing lists

Watch outgoing mail and look for any attempts by the user to subscribe to a 
mailing list. This includes mail to "-subscribe" or "-request" addresses 
especially with "subscribe" in the subject or at the start of a line in the 
body. Try to understand the subscribe requests of most major mailing list 
systems, such as majordomo, listserv, topica, yahoo egroups, etc.

When the user subscribes to a list, you need to identify the list and 
whitelist it.

You can subscribe to lists via the web, though many then do a 2nd 
confirmation of the subscribe -- usually also by web -- which you may be 
able to look for. You must also avoid challenging these confirmations, even 
though they will not come with a Precedence bulk. In some cases users may 
have to avoid signing up for lists via the web without telling the C/R system.
Detect mailing lists subscribed to in the user's mail archives

Most C/R systems do a pre-scan of the user's archived mail folders, 
outgoing and incoming, as well as address books, to whitelist all proper 
correspondents in advance. Detect the presence of mailing lists in these 
archives to whitelist them in advance. You can't challenge mailing list 
mail so this is important. You will need to extract the Envelope From, as 
opposed to the "From:" header, in many cases, to properly spot mailing 
lists. Of course, you must avoid scanning spam to avoid whitelisting it.
Detect patterns of possible incoming mailing lists

Fortunately most spammers don't actually maintain real mailing lists that 
send multiple mailings to a user with the same Envelope From, and they 
don't use Precedence headers. You should, however, look for patterns in 
these headers on incoming list mail. (List mail to be identified by 
Precedence header and lack of the user's address in To/Cc headers.)

For example, if you get a sudden surge of messages, all with the same 
Envelope-From for the target user, this may be a mailing list the user has 
subscribed to. This is especially true if the messages have low spam scores.

In this event, consider placing a special note at the top of the digest 
summary, or in a special message, saying something like, "You have recently 
received 6 mailing list messages from a list identifying itself as XYZ" and 
provide a means to say they wish to whitelist the list or perhaps blacklist 
it. If they whitelist it, deliver the mail. Give them a way to examine the 
potential list mail.

This is needed because you won't catch every mailing list subscription they 
do. Especially since in many cases you can subscribe to lists via the web.

Be warned however, that some mailing list managers put magic tokens in the 
envelope-from, to more easily track bounces. However many popular list 
managers also put in special "list" headers that help you identify the 
list. This includes headers like List-ID, and a "Sender" header.
Think about anonymous E-mail

Anonymous E-mail is still a useful thing. In part, you allow it by 
providing the daily digest of mail that was unresponded, with low spam 
scores coming first. Of course two-way remailers let you send a challenge 
and get a response by E-mail. If you insist on response by web you make it 
a little harder. Offering both lets the anonymous mailer select the best 
way to protect her identity.

Other systems (e-stamps etc.) which may not work on their own can have 
application to allow anon mailers to get through C/R systems.
Spammers may try to fake the things you detect

Spammers will eventually try to fake out all things you look for in order 
to avoid challenging or filtering e-mail. However, they will not do this 
right away. Since all things you do that make it harder for mail to get in 
will increase your risk of blocking desired mail, don't apply any stricter 
test until it actually becomes necessary.

Among the tests I have listed here, risks exist in the following areas.
Spammers will eventually try to guess what mailing lists you are on, or 
what correspondents you have whitelisted, and they will forge mail to 
appear like that. This is especially true with any publicly archived 
mailing list you post to. Lists will eventually need digital signature if 
this attack becomes common.
If you allow replies to your messages to come in based on subject, then 
spammers will form replies to your public messages. To avoid this, you may 
wish to allow unchallenged replies only for a limited time on public messages.
Try to be liberal at first, and only close down when spammers abuse the 
liberty. Don't try to prevent something that's not yet happening if it has 
a risk of blocking legitimate mail.

C/R may, over time, lose its utility if most spammers try to target it 
directly. However, it still has several years of life. It can also be 
combined with other techniques. For example, if you have a good spam 
filter, you might decide to challenge only messages with high spam scores 
or other reasons to suspect they are spam, and let through other mail.
-----------snip-------------

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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Here is a news article on the impact of C/R systems on mailing lists:

http://news.com.com/2010-1071-1009745.html

Interesting quote:

" Fortunately, the Internet Engineering Task Force's Anti-Spam Research 
Group is spending some time trying to devise a reasonable standard. "

--------------------snip-------------------------
Spam blockers may wreak e-mail havoc
By Declan McCullagh
May 27, 2003, 4:00 AM PT

Here's an unhappy prediction: The explosion of spam-blocking technology 
could herald the death of much legitimate e-mail.

I wrote about patents relating to this technology, known as 
challenge-response technology, last week. Basically, when your mailbox is 
protected by a challenge-response system, people who try to contact you 
will be greeted with a response saying something like "click on this link 
to deliver this message" or "type in the word you see in the box above." 
The idea is to block increasingly obnoxious spam bots but still let actual 
humans get in touch with you.

In theory, well-designed challenge-response utilities won't challenge mail 
from known correspondents or mail that you've actually asked to receive. 
Unfortunately, many current challenge-response systems are poorly designed, 
which could wreak havoc on mailing lists and other legitimate 
communications. This could make e-mail far less useful than it is today.

It's already starting to happen. SpamArrest.com began challenging mailing 
list messages last year. Recently Mail-block.com and iPermitMail.com 
followed suit.

When that happens, the operator of the mailing list receives a 
message--from each subscriber using the poorly designed challenge-response 
utility--that asks the list operator to respond to the challenge. Replying 
to a handful of challenges is no big deal, but if many subscribers start 
using poor challenge-response software, it will pose a serious problem for 
mailing list operators. Big corporations may be able to afford to hire 
someone to sit in front of a computer and spend all day proving they're not 
a spam bot, but nonprofit groups, individuals and smaller companies 
probably can't.

Challenge-response systems, ironically, share some characteristics with 
spam: In small quantities, both are only mildly annoying to the recipient. 
But as quantities increase, they make it more difficult to use e-mail at 
all. MailFrontier.net is a good example: It prevents its users from signing 
up to mailing lists unless the list operator manually intervenes to answer 
the challenge, a process that is exactly backward.

The enormous growth in spam means that challenge-response technology will 
become more popular. EarthLink recently announced it would make a 
challenge-response system available to its customers by the end of May, and 
the field is wide open, with no market leader so far.

EarthLink's announcement has alarmed veteran list operators, who view it as 
a model that other Internet service providers may follow. Dave Farber, the 
University of Pennsylvania computer scientist who runs the "interesting 
people" list, warned his subscribers: "If I start getting a flood of 
challenges from EarthLink IPers that require my response I will most likely 
declare them spam and you will stop receiving IP mail. I fully expect this 
to be the case for almost all the legitimate mailing lists you are on and 
count on."

This could make e-mail far less useful than it is today.
Editors at TidBits, the popular Macintosh newsletter that boasts about 
50,000 subscribers, wrote a message on May 13 to readers: "Be warned that 
we will not answer any challenges generated in response to our mailing list 
postings. Thus, if you're using a challenge-response system and not 
receiving TidBits, you'll need to figure that out on your own."

It's worth remembering that, while they may not be as glamorous as the Web, 
peer-to-peer applications, or instant messaging software, mailing lists are 
the Internet's oldest form of mass communication. They date back to the 
original "MsgGroup" list in 1975, which the same Dave Farber--then at the 
University of California at Irvine--helped to create. Then the famous 
"sf-lovers" list came along, and the rest is, well, history.

Nowadays just about every organization uses mailing lists of some type, 
from Hotwire.com's cheap airfare announcements to the left-leaning 
activists at MoveOn.org who organized a massive e-mail campaign against the 
Iraq war. Professional organizations use them to contact members; companies 
offer deals to existing customers; and advocacy groups rely on lists to 
rally support for political causes. And that's not counting services like 
Yahoo Groups and Topica.

Another downside to challenge-response systems is that they can be 
exploited by spammers, yielding false negatives in addition to false 
positives. Some challenge-response systems require only that the sender 
reply to the challenge; others require only that a hyperlink in the 
challenge be followed.

A more pernicious problem is that challenge-response systems trust the 
"From:" line of a message. If challenge-response systems become 
sufficiently widespread, spam bots may start trying to guess at who your 
correspondents are--and then forge the "From:" header appropriately--by 
subscribing to discussion lists or following links from your personal or 
company home page. Digital signatures are probably the only way to prevent 
that kind of attack.

John Levine, an author, moderator of the comp.compilers Usenet newsgroup 
and veteran Internet hand, offers a gloomy worst-case prediction. "So what 
will the effect of this be?" Levine asks. "You won't be able to trust that 
mail from your friends is actually from your friends, since an increasing 
fraction will be spam leaking through your challenge system. What will 
people do? Given the basic principle of challenge systems, which is that 
it's someone else's job to solve your spam problem, people will dump their 
white lists and start challenging every message."

At least right now, because challenge-response systems are so easy for 
programmers to create, there are plenty of them, and the potential for 
market dominance has attracted some companies of dubious virtue. SpamArrest 
spammed advertisements to people who e-mailed its customers (imagine if AOL 
or MSN claimed the right to spam anyone who's ever sent you mail). 
Mail-block.com has been blocked by Outblaze.com, a large mail provider, for 
spamming. And MailWiper.com has been caught spamming.

For a challenge-response system to work properly, it will need to be 
tightly integrated with the mail client--so it knows who you contacted--and 
it should understand popular mailing list software such as Majordomo, 
Mailman and Listserv. It's easier for challenge-response companies that 
sell Web-based e-mail. For people using software like Eudora and Outlook, 
that probably means plug-ins or an e-mail proxy server that let the 
challenge-response system keep track of your outgoing messages.

Brad Templeton, chairman of the Electronic Frontier Foundation and author 
of one of the first challenge-response systems, compiled a useful list of 
design principles for challenge-response systems earlier this month. 
Templeton's list has some recommendations: Never challenge any mail that's 
a reply to a private message you sent; use multiple e-mail addresses; and 
never challenge mailing-list messages.

All these should be obvious, but many challenge-response systems just don't 
follow them. Fortunately, the Internet Engineering Task Force's Anti-Spam 
Research Group is spending some time trying to devise a reasonable standard.

Challenge-response systems may turn out to be the only way to inoculate 
ourselves against the spam epidemic. Or they may not. But their designers 
and users should think twice before trusting the future of Internet e-mail 
to buggy and problematic technology.


  Copyright ©1995-2003 CNET Networks, Inc. All rights reserved.
--------------------snip------------------------- 

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Date: Tue, 27 May 2003 22:27:05 +0200

On Tue, May 27, 2003 at 12:49:41AM -0700, Scott Nelson wrote:
> Still, if we knew the average number of recipients for spam 
> messages currently, and the average number for non-spam,

I used the maillog of one of our mailservers of the last 22 hours.
It saw
    128582	RCPT TO commands in
    110709	connections
the data is cleaned of 5 customers that did newsletter injects today
that consisted of about 100-250 recipients per connection).

Please note that this mailserver is used by our customers as an outgoing
relay and also by external users as a MX host. If you think this will
make the data inaccurate I could try to filter out our customers to
get better figures.

The distribution is
    102252 1	(aka 102252 times 1 recipient per connection)
      4562 2
      1983 3
       674 4
       435 5
       351 6
       132 7
       109 8
       101 10
	52 9
	16 13
	 9 15
	 9 12
	 8 11
	 3 16
	 3 14
	 2 17
	 1 74
	 1 70
	 1 65
	 1 41
	 1 26
	 1 25
	 1 22
	 1 20
If I only use those hosts that weren't
    a) rejected for sender address blocks (spam)
    b) rejected for recipient address blocks (spam)
    c) tagged because listed with DNSBLs
the distribution is
    66269 1
     2781 2
      575 3
      248 4
      125 5
       84 6
       54 7
       54 10
       39 8
       21 9
	4 13
	3 15
	3 12
	3 11
	2 16
	1 22
	1 17
	1 14
The distribution for all "spam" classified emails is:
    35983 1
     1781 2
     1408 3
      426 4
      310 5
      267 6
       78 7
       70 8
       47 10
       31 9
       12 13
	6 15
	6 12
	5 11
	2 14
	1 74
	1 70
	1 65
	1 41
	1 26
	1 25
	1 20
	1 17
	1 16

What is pretty interesting is that one host
    md080081101018cl.neo-sky.com:80.81.101.18
first attacked in single connects with changing sender addresses
    <offer..@aol.com>
and different target domains for about 3 hours, then it switched to
a 74 messages bulk inject to addresses [a-m]*@ at one single domain
from the sender address <offereo@aol.com> and 5 minutes later it fell
back to single connects (that still continue).

Hope this is kinda what you are looking for.

As a conclusion I'd say that due to the fact that 79.52% of the emails
already came in single recipient connections limiting SMTP conversations
to single recipients would
a) have minimal impact on the mail structure of the Internet
b) have minimal impact on the success of spammers

	\Maex

-- 
SpaceNet AG            | Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 | Fon: +49 (89) 32356-0
Research & Development |       D-80807 Muenchen    | Fax: +49 (89) 32356-299
"The security, stability and reliability of a computer system is reciprocally
 proportional to the amount of vacuity between the ears of the admin"
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From: David Wheeler <dwheeler@ida.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] Challenge-response issues and solutions: see "Guarded Email" paper.
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I suggest that those examining challenge-response approaches
look at my paper, "Countering Spam with Ham-Authenticated
Email and the Guarded Email Protocol", at:
  http://www.dwheeler.com/guarded-email

In my paper I examine some significant issues in challenge-response
systems, such as countering mail loops, and discuss ways to deal with them.

I'm sure that much of it is old hat to the experts here.
But hopefully some of it is new or provides a useful collection of
relevant information. I hope you will find the information in it useful.


--- David A. Wheeler




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Subject: [Asrg] (Position): Successful anti-spam techniques must avoid software patents
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Hi - I didn't see a clear position on the ASRG main page
(http://www.irtf.org/charters/asrg.html) on software patents.
I believe any useful ASRG result MUST avoid software patents and/or identify
reasons why any patent claims are, almost certainly, invalid.
I believe the ASRG work should be based on this position.

At the very least, any ASRG work should avoid any
software patent landmines if possible, include a patent search to
identify them, and warn potential developers of the results of the search.
Any organizations need to be REQUIRED to explicitly reveal any patents
that might apply (including those that are pending), or everyone will
risk being exploited (I believe RAMBUS is an example of this).

Rationale: For any anti-spam technique to be widely effective,
it needs to be widely deployed.  Software patents will significantly
constrain such deployment.  In particular, most email is handled
at least part of the time by open source software, and open source
software cannot implement patented concepts in the countries where
the patents are valid.

For example, the mail server survey described here:
  http://cr.yp.to/surveys/smtpsoftware6.txt
found that at the time the survey was made,
sendmail was still the most common SMTP server (42%),
followed by Windows Microsoft Exchange (18%),
Unix qmail (17%), Windows Ipswitch IMail (6%),
Unix smap (2%), UNIX Postfix (formerly VMailer, 2%)
and Unix Exim (1%).  Sendmail, qmail, smap, postfix, and exim
could not practically implement a patented technique, so
64% of deployed systems couldn't be upgraded to a newer version
and implement the technique (if the numbers are the same).
And that presumes that the proprietary systems would all jump
to implement a patented technique -- which is rather unlikely.
The key here isn't the exact numbers, the issue is that
if you allow patented techniques, you may end up with undeployable
ideas.

There are also many open source mail clients, including the
one in Mozilla (repackaged as Netscape Mail), and open source
mailing list software (including the one used here!).
In short, email has a significant presence of open source software,
and it would be extremely unwise for this group to set standards
that cannot be met by open source software and would require
licensing fees to be paid by some

So-called "Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory" (RAND) licenses
aren't enough in this case.  In all cases, RAND licenses discriminate
against those who don't own the patent.  Besides, to be used
in open source software it has to be completely royalty-free,
at least.  Even then the popular license used by open source software
(the GPL) will find this unacceptable unless the idea can be used
for any purpose (not just to implement the standard).

I believe this concern is quite consistent with the ASRG charter:
  "ASRG will not pursue research into legal issues of spam, other
  than the extent to which these issues affect, support, or
  constrain the technology."
Software patents constrain the technology, so identifying and
countering any such legal problems is critical for this group.

It's true that there are patent claims for challenge-response
systems, but that primarily shows how poorly the patent offices
screen patent applications.  Mailblocks of Los Altos, California,
has been suing people based on patents it owns,
6,199,102 (filed in 1997) and 6,112,227 (filed in 1998)
However, it's clear that there's extensive prior art; for example,
Cynthia Dwork and Moni Naor of IBM described in 1992
a challenge-response system in which the sender
would be asked to process a particular solution before
the receiver would accept the email
(http://research.microsoft.com/research/sv/PennyBlack/junk1.pdf).
Thus, it's reasonable for the ASRG to work on challenge-response,
since there's good reason to believe that this nonsense patent
will be overturned, and indeed the ASRG could work to collect
the data on why it should be overturned.

If the ASRG wants anti-spam technology to be widely deployed, it
needs to make sure that its solutions don't have any serious
legal impediments.  And that includes software patents.

Thank you for listening.

--- David A. Wheeler
(Speaking for myself)


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	 software patents
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Date: Tue, 27 May 2003 19:53:11 -0400



We've had previous discussions about IPR policy. Please see Vern Paxson's
message on the topic:
https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg01929.html
. If anyone feels the need to voice additional positions on this topic,
please feel free to address them to me off-list.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: David Wheeler [mailto:dwheeler@ida.org] 
> Sent: Tuesday, May 27, 2003 6:11 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] (Position): Successful anti-spam techniques 
> must avoid software patents
> 
> 
> Hi - I didn't see a clear position on the ASRG main page
> (http://www.irtf.org/charters/asrg.html) on software patents.
> I believe any useful ASRG result MUST avoid software patents 
> and/or identify reasons why any patent claims are, almost 
> certainly, invalid. I believe the ASRG work should be based 
> on this position.
> 
> At the very least, any ASRG work should avoid any
> software patent landmines if possible, include a patent 
> search to identify them, and warn potential developers of the 
> results of the search. Any organizations need to be REQUIRED 
> to explicitly reveal any patents that might apply (including 
> those that are pending), or everyone will risk being 
> exploited (I believe RAMBUS is an example of this).
> 
> Rationale: For any anti-spam technique to be widely 
> effective, it needs to be widely deployed.  Software patents 
> will significantly constrain such deployment.  In particular, 
> most email is handled at least part of the time by open 
> source software, and open source software cannot implement 
> patented concepts in the countries where the patents are valid.
> 
> For example, the mail server survey described here:
>   http://cr.yp.to/surveys/smtpsoftware6.txt
> found that at the time the survey was made,
> sendmail was still the most common SMTP server (42%),
> followed by Windows Microsoft Exchange (18%),
> Unix qmail (17%), Windows Ipswitch IMail (6%),
> Unix smap (2%), UNIX Postfix (formerly VMailer, 2%)
> and Unix Exim (1%).  Sendmail, qmail, smap, postfix, and exim 
> could not practically implement a patented technique, so 64% 
> of deployed systems couldn't be upgraded to a newer version 
> and implement the technique (if the numbers are the same). 
> And that presumes that the proprietary systems would all jump 
> to implement a patented technique -- which is rather 
> unlikely. The key here isn't the exact numbers, the issue is 
> that if you allow patented techniques, you may end up with 
> undeployable ideas.
> 
> There are also many open source mail clients, including the
> one in Mozilla (repackaged as Netscape Mail), and open source 
> mailing list software (including the one used here!). In 
> short, email has a significant presence of open source 
> software, and it would be extremely unwise for this group to 
> set standards that cannot be met by open source software and 
> would require licensing fees to be paid by some
> 
> So-called "Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory" (RAND) licenses 
> aren't enough in this case.  In all cases, RAND licenses 
> discriminate against those who don't own the patent.  
> Besides, to be used in open source software it has to be 
> completely royalty-free, at least.  Even then the popular 
> license used by open source software (the GPL) will find this 
> unacceptable unless the idea can be used for any purpose (not 
> just to implement the standard).
> 
> I believe this concern is quite consistent with the ASRG charter:
>   "ASRG will not pursue research into legal issues of spam, other
>   than the extent to which these issues affect, support, or
>   constrain the technology."
> Software patents constrain the technology, so identifying and 
> countering any such legal problems is critical for this group.
> 
> It's true that there are patent claims for challenge-response 
> systems, but that primarily shows how poorly the patent 
> offices screen patent applications.  Mailblocks of Los Altos, 
> California, has been suing people based on patents it owns, 
> 6,199,102 (filed in 1997) and 6,112,227 (filed in 1998) 
> However, it's clear that there's extensive prior art; for 
> example, Cynthia Dwork and Moni Naor of IBM described in 1992 
> a challenge-response system in which the sender would be 
> asked to process a particular solution before the receiver 
> would accept the email 
> (http://research.microsoft.com/research/sv/PennyBlack/junk1.pd
f).
Thus, it's reasonable for the ASRG to work on challenge-response, since
there's good reason to believe that this nonsense patent will be overturned,
and indeed the ASRG could work to collect the data on why it should be
overturned.

If the ASRG wants anti-spam technology to be widely deployed, it needs to
make sure that its solutions don't have any serious legal impediments.  And
that includes software patents.

Thank you for listening.

--- David A. Wheeler
(Speaking for myself)


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  anti-spam techniques must avoid software patents)
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Date: Tue, 27 May 2003 20:30:24 -0400

At 06:10 PM 5/27/2003 -0400, David Wheeler wrote:

>Hi - I didn't see a clear position on the ASRG main page
>(http://www.irtf.org/charters/asrg.html) on software patents.
>I believe any useful ASRG result MUST avoid software patents and/or identify
>reasons why any patent claims are, almost certainly, invalid.
>I believe the ASRG work should be based on this position.
>[...]

David,

I am actually working on a draft summarizing the intellectual property 
relevant to our group. The IETF has a working group working on general IPR 
issues relevant to both IRTF and IETF 
(http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ipr-charter.html). The following is a 
copy of an email I received from the IRTF chair (Vern Paxson):

>From: Vern Paxson <vern@icir.org>
>
> > I do not believe the
> > IRTF has policies on non-document "communication" (oral, email, phone,
> > fax, etc.), but they may be working on them.
>
>Correct, there's no explicit policy, but one is clearly needed.  I thinking
>it'll boil down to "you must be up front about related IPR if you are
>participating in discussions".
>
>                 Vern

Also, the following is a copy of an email I received from one of the 
members of the IPR WG, Scott Brim:

>From: Scott W Brim <sbrim@cisco.com>
>
>On Wed, May 21, 2003 10:59:45PM -0400, Yakov Shafranovich allegedly wrote:
> > Hi,
> >
> > I am a member of the Anti Spam Research Group (ASRG) of the IRTF
> > (http://www.irtf.org/asrg/). In our discussions we came across various
> > patents and other IP matters that are related to technologies used for
> > fighting spam. I was considering putting together a document summarizing
> > these IP considerations for our working group and I came across your draft
> > I would like to solicit advice from you and your working group as to the
> > following:
> >
> > 1. Is an IRTF WG (as opposed to an IETF WG) required to work on IP
> > considerations?
>
>The publication process for drafts and RFCs encourages disclosure of IPR
>for every document, not just standards-track ones.  I do not believe the
>IRTF has policies on non-document "communication" (oral, email, phone,
>fax, etc.), but they may be working on them.  I've CCed Vern Paxson.
>
> > 2. Are there any formal guidelines as to what information should be
> > collected regarding potential IP claims?
>
>First, see Section 6 in draft-ietf-ipr-technology-rights-06.txt, which
>tells you what must and should be disclosed.
>
>Second, see the section in my draft on third-party disclosures for some
>guidelines on the steps you want to go through.  The goal is to keep
>third-party disclosures from becoming a denial-of-service attack on the
>WG.
>
> > 3. Can IP claims be summarized in a separate document or Internet 
> Draft, or
> > should they be reported directly to IETF/IRTF?
>
>The first thing I would do is collect your information and share it with
>the WG chairs.  Then you all can decide how to proceed.  The
>technology-rights draft, above, describes how to submit disclosures when
>and if you get to that point.
>
> > 4. Should IP owners be asked for extent and opinion on their IP claims?
>
>Absolutely.  It's always better to give them the scope to disclose their
>own IPR and licensing terms as they see fit.  You may get some friendly
>disclosures that way.
>
>.swb

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Date: Tue, 27 May 2003 22:09:59 -0400

Here is a link to a SlashDot article on ASRG:

http://slashdot.org/articles/03/05/27/2122207.shtml

And link to the original InternetWeek article:

http://www.internetweek.com/security02/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=10100236


Quote: "One of the tools, Reverse MX, is expected to be in place in several 
months. "

BTW, what is the status of RMX?

--------snip---------
The Anti-Spam Research Group's Plan for Spam
Posted by michael on Tuesday May 27, @09:01PM
from the bit-bucket dept.

egoff writes "Speaking of standards, the ASRG, a member of the IETF, has a 
plan for "consent-based communications." Among the suggestions, according 
to Internet Week, are authentication services for falsified addresses, 
trusted senders, reputation systems (karma?), opt-out tools, best practices 
for challenge/response, and even a proposal for micropayments on unwanted 
mail. Instead of defining spam, the ASRG wants to provide administrators 
and users the tools necessary to avoid what they consider to be unwanted. 
One of the tools, Reverse MX, is expected to be in place in several months. 
It would allow the receiving mail server to query a domain to determine if 
the sending server is allowed to send on its behalf."
--------snip--------- 

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R Interworking Framework
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Date: Tue, 27 May 2003 22:19:59 -0400

At 10:16 AM 5/27/2003 -0400, Eric Dean wrote:

> >  >This document identifies MIME experimental content-type values for
> > allowing automated C/R system interworking.
> >  >[..]
> >
> > Aren't we using headers?
>
>Headers seems to be an ambiguous term to me..maybe it's much clearer to
>others.  I am not proposing the modification of SMTP to introduce new
>headers.  The use of experimental MIME content values is just fine and
>ensures comptibility with non-CRI systems as the are simply ignored..or
>removed in some cases.

I meant mail headers as defined in RFCs 822 and 2822. A MIME header I 
believe can be used anywhere inside the message body in any part of the 
message if the message if multi-formed. RFC 822 headers are only used on 
the entire message body.

> >
> > Is there room in the specifications for the following:
>
>There's room for anything that makes sense..and I like the term
>specification better than proposed standard or draft since we are a research
>group.
>
> > 1. Tag or certification systems which will send their seal or certificate
> > as a response.
>
>So..if there is a third party CA...then we could validate the server.  Then
>there are more headers introduced here..and it sounds as if you are moving
>towards authenticated mail servers.  Not a bad idea..but don't believe it
>has a place within CRI.  That's not to say that they couldn't be compatible
>or run as ships in the night as an overlay security model..but don't think
>they have a home in something as limited as CRI. I would recommend that you
>write up your own thoughts on such a model using certificates.

Perhaps we should leave enough room or provide some form of an extension 
mechanism where in implementations can provide their own ways for 
validating the responses while leaving the basic CRI protocol intact. This 
would allow all C/R systems to interoperate and leave room for people to 
piggy-back various systems on top of the basic CRI protocol.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Date: Tue, 27 May 2003 22:19:59 -0400

At 10:16 AM 5/27/2003 -0400, Eric Dean wrote:

> >  >This document identifies MIME experimental content-type values for
> > allowing automated C/R system interworking.
> >  >[..]
> >
> > Aren't we using headers?
>
>Headers seems to be an ambiguous term to me..maybe it's much clearer to
>others.  I am not proposing the modification of SMTP to introduce new
>headers.  The use of experimental MIME content values is just fine and
>ensures comptibility with non-CRI systems as the are simply ignored..or
>removed in some cases.

I meant mail headers as defined in RFCs 822 and 2822. A MIME header I 
believe can be used anywhere inside the message body in any part of the 
message if the message if multi-formed. RFC 822 headers are only used on 
the entire message body.

> >
> > Is there room in the specifications for the following:
>
>There's room for anything that makes sense..and I like the term
>specification better than proposed standard or draft since we are a research
>group.
>
> > 1. Tag or certification systems which will send their seal or certificate
> > as a response.
>
>So..if there is a third party CA...then we could validate the server.  Then
>there are more headers introduced here..and it sounds as if you are moving
>towards authenticated mail servers.  Not a bad idea..but don't believe it
>has a place within CRI.  That's not to say that they couldn't be compatible
>or run as ships in the night as an overlay security model..but don't think
>they have a home in something as limited as CRI. I would recommend that you
>write up your own thoughts on such a model using certificates.

Perhaps we should leave enough room or provide some form of an extension 
mechanism where in implementations can provide their own ways for 
validating the responses while leaving the basic CRI protocol intact. This 
would allow all C/R systems to interoperate and leave room for people to 
piggy-back various systems on top of the basic CRI protocol.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Date: Tue, 27 May 2003 22:37:24 -0400

I believe this was mentioned before 
(https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00137.html):

 >From: Clifton Royston <cliftonr@lava.net>
 >Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 17:32:46 -0500
 >
 >"Would anyone consider it worthwhile for this group to put some focus
 >on making existing email content analysis/filter tools (in particular
 >anti-spam software) more interoperable?"

One of the replies 
(https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg00149.html) 
suggested the following:

 >From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
 >Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 17:32:46 -0500
 >
 >The charter calls for both a taxonomy of existing methods as
 >well as an evaluation of those methods. It would seem that both efforts
 >would be served by documentation of the various extended headers in use
 >today. Collecting information about the headers used today would also be
 >critical to any effort such as the one that you propose to make tools
 >that rely on header extensions more interoperable.
 >
 >Can you document one or more of the sets of extended headers
 >used today? If so, I'd love to see it.
 >bob wyman
 >

Is anyone in the process of collecting this information? Is it worthwhile?

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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From: "Jed Margolin" <jmsml@jmargolin.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] This mail list has been hacked
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----- Original Message -----
From: "Vernon Schryver" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: <Asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Tuesday, May 27, 2003 12:13 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] This mail list has been hacked


> > From: Terri Oda <terri@zone12.com>
>
> > > All hail the mystical mighty hacker who knows how to visit a web page.
> > > It was most likely leaked, not hacked
> > >
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/
> > > msg04960.html
> >
> > Might I suggest an upgrade of the list software to Mailman  2.1, if only
for
> > the better archive-munging?
>
> I oppose that motion on the grounds that anyone who cannot arrange
> sufficient filtering on any address exposed though mechanisms such as
> through the archives of this list is not qualified to contribute to
> this mailing list.
>
.
.
.

The Internet has become too important to be left in the hands of experts
like Mr. Schryver.


Jed Margolin


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>
> I meant mail headers as defined in RFCs 822 and 2822. A MIME header I
> believe can be used anywhere inside the message body in any part of the
> message if the message if multi-formed. RFC 822 headers are only used on
> the entire message body.

Hmm..yes, that would seem more appropriate.

>
> Perhaps we should leave enough room or provide some form of an extension
> mechanism where in implementations can provide their own ways for
> validating the responses while leaving the basic CRI protocol
> intact. This
> would allow all C/R systems to interoperate and leave room for people to
> piggy-back various systems on top of the basic CRI protocol.

That's an excellent way to put it.  Whatever we do, we should not be in
conflict with other methods.

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Paul Judge wrote:

> 
> We've had previous discussions about IPR policy. Please see Vern Paxson's
> message on the topic:
> https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg01929.html
> . If anyone feels the need to voice additional positions on this topic,
> please feel free to address them to me off-list.


Thanks for pointing me to the previous email.
However, that email simply points out that there's no policy
and that there appears to be a need for one... I don't see a decision
being made. In particular, it suggests that:
"for any technology discussed within RGs that has
related IPR, that the presence of the possible IPR be disclosed."

While I believe that's too weak, required disclosure is at least
a good start for informed discussion, and that at least is something
that the working group could quickly agree on as a starting point.

Can the working group at least agree to require disclosure the presence of
any related IPR (including _pending_ patents)?  This is the sort of thing
that has to be agreed on NOW, during discussions, instead of
waiting for "later" (when it will be too late).  Otherwise, a few
enterprising individuals will submit patent requests on obvious ideas
the day before they post, work hard to make sure their
idea is implemented, and then surprise all with a patent
(the U.S. PTO, for example, is notoriously bad at identifying obvious ideas).
The result: anti-spam approaches will fail.

--- David A. Wheeler

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Date: Wed, 28 May 2003 16:27:01 +0100 (BST)

At the risk of sounding overly cynical, I believe that any anti-spam
approach that's good enough to get general acceptance will turn out
to be covered by one or more software patents. The mere fact that
something is obvious--even *blatantly* obvious--is no barrier to
getting a patent; consider the infamous XOR cursor patent, the "one
click" shopping patent, or AT&T's ominous disclosure that they have
IP interests in the "postage" scheme I described off the top of my
head a couple of days ago with no prior knowledge of their document.
Prior art known to everyone in the industry is no barrier to patents
either; consider the patent on frames, or the British Telecom patent
on hyperlinks.


mathew
-- 
Journal and other stuff at <URL:http://www.pobox.com/~meta/>

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Date: Wed, 28 May 2003 11:05:20 -0600

I have writen a paper outlining the functioning of a system to help stop 
spam.

It supplys:
A PKI for authentication
sender side whitelist updating
instant opt-out for the receiver
+ much more

It requires:
almost nothing from users

www.choicelist.com/Choicelist.PDF

John Fenley

_________________________________________________________________
Help STOP SPAM with the new MSN 8 and get 2 months FREE*  
http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] C/R Interworking Framework
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Date: Wed, 28 May 2003 15:03:07 -0400

At 09:48 AM 5/28/2003 -0400, Eric Dean wrote:

> >
> > I meant mail headers as defined in RFCs 822 and 2822. A MIME header I
> > believe can be used anywhere inside the message body in any part of the
> > message if the message if multi-formed. RFC 822 headers are only used on
> > the entire message body.
>
>Hmm..yes, that would seem more appropriate.
>
> >
> > Perhaps we should leave enough room or provide some form of an extension
> > mechanism where in implementations can provide their own ways for
> > validating the responses while leaving the basic CRI protocol
> > intact. This
> > would allow all C/R systems to interoperate and leave room for people to
> > piggy-back various systems on top of the basic CRI protocol.
>
>That's an excellent way to put it.  Whatever we do, we should not be in
>conflict with other methods.

Also, I think we mentioned the possibility of doing C/R on the SMTP server 
level but dropped it. We might want to consider it again in conjunction 
with the CRI proposal. Perhaps we should specify an SMTP extension that can 
do C/R over SMTP. This would save time in some instances (see RFC 1869 for 
ESTMP). This way people would have a choice of doing C/R either over email 
or over SMTP.

Yakov  

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Subject: [Asrg] Re: Brad Templeton's C/R Guidelines
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Date: Wed, 28 May 2003 13:35:44 -0600

Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> writes:

> Here is a list of C/R guidelines compiled by Brad Templeton, who
> wrote one of the early C/R systems (from
> http://www.templetons.com/brad/spam/challengeresponse.html).

FWIW, TMDA (http://tmda.net) already does all of these things, and has
for some time.  I feel it's the most robust and standards aware C/R
system available.

> Back in 1997 I wrote what is probably the first of the
> challenge/response (C/R) spam-blocking systems.

Well, I dunno about that.  GORD by Gerben Wierda for example was
available in '97 (perhaps earlier).  Also, I'm not sure the "I did it
first" claim matters much if no one is using his software.

In any case, the list of guidelines was comprehensive and more or less
complete.

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From: Jamie Lawrence <jal@jal.org>
To: John Fenley <pontifier@hotmail.com>
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Choicelist
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 12:54:08 -0500

On Wed, 28 May 2003, John Fenley wrote:

> I have writen a paper outlining the functioning of a system to help stop 
> spam.

This is not a technical paper. It reads like an ad for a product which
seems not to exist. 

"The ChoiceList system does not have a revenue model. [...] national do
not call registry.". 

I would assert that a decent system doesn't need one; a decent world
would be one in which I pay you to accept my traffic, and you do what
you will with that. It certainly does not need a government body to run
it.

When you run for congress, bring your paper up - I'm sure it will be a
hit.
 
> It supplys:
> A PKI for authentication

Thank you, drive through.

> sender side whitelist updating

Not a bad idea.

> instant opt-out for the receiver

| spamassassin -rw 

Make a button as you see fit for your mailer. But am I suddenly a
criminal if I send mail in some other way? This is a real thing - I've
built several mass emailers for direct opt-in only (yes, I'm pretty 
sure of that, even though I don't work for them anymore) lists. 
What exactly is going to be the syntax for the "instant opt-out"?

> + much more

Yeah? Not trying to be a troll here. Do you have a spec?

> It requires:
> almost nothing from users

OK, that's good. Can you explain what it requires from server operators?
Sometimes, they are the same.

> www.choicelist.com/Choicelist.PDF

Looks like you're running for office, or something.

I'm really not trying to pick a fight; I just don't like these
vague do-what-I-say proposals, especially when they won't solve
the problem. Reasons why they won't fix the problem are left to the
reader.

-j




-- 
Jamie Lawrence                                        jal@jal.org
Any attempt to brew coffee with a teapot should result in the error
code "418 I'm a teapot". The resulting entity body MAY be short and
stout.
   - RFC 2324


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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: "'David Wheeler'" <dwheeler@ida.org>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] (Position): Successful anti-spam techniques must avoid software patents
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David Wheeler wrote:
> I believe any useful ASRG result MUST avoid software patents 
> and/or identify reasons why any patent claims are, almost 
> certainly, invalid.
	The reality is that there are dozens of existing patents that
apply to the problem of handling or filtering spam and there are
*hundreds* of published applications for patents at the USPTO alone that
deal with the problem. (Fortunately, many of those applications will
inevitably be rejected -- but not all...)
	Crafting a useful royalty-free method of dealing with spam is
going to be one of:
	1. Impossible
	2. Require invalidating some existing patent(s) by showing prior
art
	3. Rely on patent-holder(s) granting RF licenses.
	4. Require some major act(s) of creativity/inventiveness

	There should be no question that the IETF, who will presumably
do something with the results of the ASRG's "research", should prefer to
define only royalty-free RFC's. However, the reality is that this may
not be possible. Thus, if "any useful ASRG result MUST avoid software
patents" then the result may be *no* useful ASRG result. Unfortunately,
I think we must accept that the best we can do is:
	"ASRG results SHOULD avoid software patents"...

		bob wyman

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] (Position): Successful anti-spam techniques must avoid	 software patents
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 07:43:32 -1000
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Is this discussion of IPR policy within the scope of this list's
discussion?

I look at : 

http://www.irtf.org/asrg/

And read the posting guidelines which say all conversation must be
related to the work items at

http://www.irtf.org/asrg/asrg-work-items.txt

and there's nothing there about IPR. Perhaps IPR is a bigger issue to be
taken at higher levels.

As one who has patent-pending on an anti-spam technology, I've got a lot
to say but won't if its inappropriate for this list.

Peter Kay
President
TitanKey Software
Web: www.titankey.com
The only technology that stops spam BEFORE it's even sent



> -----Original Message-----
> From: David Wheeler [mailto:dwheeler@ida.org] 
> Sent: Wednesday, May 28, 2003 4:13 AM
> To: Paul Judge
> Cc: 'asrg@ietf.org'
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] (Position): Successful anti-spam 
> techniques must avoid software patents
> 
> 
> 
> 
> Paul Judge wrote:
> 
> > 
> > We've had previous discussions about IPR policy. Please see Vern 
> > Paxson's message on the topic: 
> > 
> https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working->
groups/asrg/current/msg0192
> > 9.html
> > . If anyone feels the need to voice additional positions on 
> this topic,
> > please feel free to address them to me off-list.
> 
> 
> Thanks for pointing me to the previous email.
> However, that email simply points out that there's no policy 
> and that there appears to be a need for one... I don't see a 
> decision being made. In particular, it suggests that: "for 
> any technology discussed within RGs that has related IPR, 
> that the presence of the possible IPR be disclosed."
> 
> While I believe that's too weak, required disclosure is at 
> least a good start for informed discussion, and that at least 
> is something that the working group could quickly agree on as 
> a starting point.
> 
> Can the working group at least agree to require disclosure 
> the presence of any related IPR (including _pending_ 
> patents)?  This is the sort of thing that has to be agreed on 
> NOW, during discussions, instead of waiting for "later" (when 
> it will be too late).  Otherwise, a few enterprising 
> individuals will submit patent requests on obvious ideas the 
> day before they post, work hard to make sure their idea is 
> implemented, and then surprise all with a patent (the U.S. 
> PTO, for example, is notoriously bad at identifying obvious 
> ideas). The result: anti-spam approaches will fail.
> 
> --- David A. Wheeler
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> 
> 


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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: "'Peter Kay'" <peter@titankey.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] (Position): Successful anti-spam techniques must avoid	 software patents
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 14:34:08 -0400
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Peter Kay wrote:
> Is this discussion of IPR policy within the 
> scope of this list's discussion?
	I believe that a general discussion of IPR would *not* be
appropriate for this list. However, that would not prevent all
discussion of IPR and/or methods that are covered by IPR claims.
	Discussion of IPR, to a limited degree, would be useful in at
least the following cases:
	1) When setting the focus for discussions. (i.e. should the
research attempt to focus on or identify methods that are unencumbered?)
	2) When defining metrics for the utility or desirability of
potential solutions. (i.e. One would probably say that just as one
method is more desirable than another if it involves minimal
modification to existing standards or practices, one would also say that
method is probably more desirable if it is unencumbered.)
	3) When discussing the barriers to deploying one or another
proposed method.

	I also believe the some discussion of existing patents would be
useful if that discussion is related to cataloging proposed solutions
(i.e. Task "4. Survey of solution" in the ASRG charter). One of the
significant purposes of the patent law is to cause a public record of
methods to be disclosed and made available. Thus, we should see the
various patent and patent application databases as rich sources of
documentation for existing methods. 

		bob wyman

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To: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] (Position): Successful anti-spam techniques must
  avoid	 software patents
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 15:14:04 -0400

I am currently working on a draft summarizing IP issues relevant to the 
group AND a list of all IP claims with statements from owners.

But I believe it was mentioned in a list message before 
(https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/asrg/current/msg02089.html):

 >From: william@elan.net
 >Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 16:03:12 -0800 (PST)
 >Subject: Re: [Asrg] ASRG work items
 >
 >lso I'd like to add additional topic - IPR. I know IRTF currently does
 >not have IPR policy, but I'd like one established just for this research
 >group. I think we can do the following:
 >1. Whenever somebody mentions technology where they know some patent exist
 >or may possibly apply to the technology, the person should make statement
 >about IPR rights. If this patent has not been mentioned before on list,
 >there should be information either together with IPR statement or at the
 >end of message with either:
 > a. If patent is received: US (or other country), Patent#, possibly link
 >    to the patent website
 > b. If patent is pending - Name of person or organization that filed it
 >    and date it was filed, possibly application#
 >2. I would like to see somebody on the list volunteer to maintain list
 >of all patents mentioned (see abobve) and this list provided either
 >regularly to email list or located and updated on rg website.

Yakov

At 07:43 AM 5/29/2003 -1000, Peter Kay wrote:

>Is this discussion of IPR policy within the scope of this list's
>discussion?
>
>I look at :
>
>http://www.irtf.org/asrg/
>
>And read the posting guidelines which say all conversation must be
>related to the work items at
>
>http://www.irtf.org/asrg/asrg-work-items.txt
>
>and there's nothing there about IPR. Perhaps IPR is a bigger issue to be
>taken at higher levels.
>
>As one who has patent-pending on an anti-spam technology, I've got a lot
>to say but won't if its inappropriate for this list.
>
>Peter Kay
>President
>TitanKey Software
>Web: www.titankey.com
>The only technology that stops spam BEFORE it's even sent
>
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: David Wheeler [mailto:dwheeler@ida.org]
> > Sent: Wednesday, May 28, 2003 4:13 AM
> > To: Paul Judge
> > Cc: 'asrg@ietf.org'
> > Subject: Re: [Asrg] (Position): Successful anti-spam
> > techniques must avoid software patents
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > Paul Judge wrote:
> >
> > >
> > > We've had previous discussions about IPR policy. Please see Vern
> > > Paxson's message on the topic:
> > >
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working->
>groups/asrg/current/msg0192
> > > 9.html
> > > . If anyone feels the need to voice additional positions on
> > this topic,
> > > please feel free to address them to me off-list.
> >
> >
> > Thanks for pointing me to the previous email.
> > However, that email simply points out that there's no policy
> > and that there appears to be a need for one... I don't see a
> > decision being made. In particular, it suggests that: "for
> > any technology discussed within RGs that has related IPR,
> > that the presence of the possible IPR be disclosed."
> >
> > While I believe that's too weak, required disclosure is at
> > least a good start for informed discussion, and that at least
> > is something that the working group could quickly agree on as
> > a starting point.
> >
> > Can the working group at least agree to require disclosure
> > the presence of any related IPR (including _pending_
> > patents)?  This is the sort of thing that has to be agreed on
> > NOW, during discussions, instead of waiting for "later" (when
> > it will be too late).  Otherwise, a few enterprising
> > individuals will submit patent requests on obvious ideas the
> > day before they post, work hard to make sure their idea is
> > implemented, and then surprise all with a patent (the U.S.
> > PTO, for example, is notoriously bad at identifying obvious
> > ideas). The result: anti-spam approaches will fail.
> >
> > --- David A. Wheeler
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>_______________________________________________
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>Asrg@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: "'Peter Kay'" <peter@titankey.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 15:18:37 -0400
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TitanKey (mentioned by Peter Kay, it's President in an earlier mail
concerning IPR) seems to be employing a slight twist on the Challenge
and Response process that is commonly used by many others. (see:
http://www.titankey.com/)
	While the process of generating challenges in response to
"unknown" senders is normal, TitanKey claims that they do something
unique in that in addition to the challenge mail, they also respond to
the original mail by issuing a permanent "user unknown" SMTP error. They
have filed at least one patent application for this process.
	TitanKey claims that this tiny modification to normal C/R
procedure results in a "massive" improvement in the utility of challenge
and response systems since spamming software won't be able to
distinguish between real "user unknown" errors and the fake ones issued
by TitanKey. Since spamming programs typically respond to a permanent
SMTP error by removing that email address from the list of active
emails, you shouldn't ever receive more than one email from any one
spammer... Given that the "reply-to" addresses used by spammers are
usually false, the spammer will never see the challenge message which is
sent after the SMTP error is generated, thus, they can't do any analysis
of the challenges to determine which "user unknown" errors were "faked"
and which were real. 
	Whether or not this works, it is somewhat disquieting to think
that the "solution" to the problem is to have our servers violate the
SMTP protocol by sending false status codes. (Note: This would seem to
call into question the claim on the TitanKey website that "The Titan Key
follows all SMTP standards.") On the other hand, if it works, it
works...
	Should we add "prevaricating servers" as one of the methods in
the taxonomy of potential solutions? I can imagine the marketing slogans
now: "My server lies. Does yours?" Or, "Our server lies better than
yours does." "Honesty will get you nowhere..."

		bob wyman

Note: You can find the TitanKey patent online at:
http://l2.espacenet.com/espacenet/viewer?PN=WO0116695&CY=ep&LG=en&DB=EPD
Click on the link at "Requested Patent" to see the images.

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Subject: [Asrg] RE: TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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You raise a really good point: do we break SMTP compliance by lying?  

We think that the fact that SMTP tells the truth is the heart of all the
spam problems in the first place.

Peter

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bob Wyman [mailto:bob@wyman.us] 
> Sent: Thursday, May 29, 2003 9:35 AM
> To: Peter Kay
> Subject: FW: TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard 
> errors "improves" C/R utility?)
> 
> 
> 
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bob Wyman [mailto:bob@wyman.us] 
> Sent: Thursday, May 29, 2003 3:19 PM
> To: 'Peter Kay'; 'asrg@ietf.org'
> Subject: TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard 
> errors "improves" C/R utility?)
> 
> 
> TitanKey (mentioned by Peter Kay, it's President in an 
> earlier mail concerning IPR) seems to be employing a slight 
> twist on the Challenge and Response process that is commonly 
> used by many others. (see:
> http://www.titankey.com/)
> 	While the process of generating challenges in response 
> to "unknown" senders is normal, TitanKey claims that they do 
> something unique in that in addition to the challenge mail, 
> they also respond to the original mail by issuing a permanent 
> "user unknown" SMTP error. They have filed at least one 
> patent application for this process.
> 	TitanKey claims that this tiny modification to normal 
> C/R procedure results in a "massive" improvement in the 
> utility of challenge and response systems since spamming 
> software won't be able to distinguish between real "user 
> unknown" errors and the fake ones issued by TitanKey. Since 
> spamming programs typically respond to a permanent SMTP error 
> by removing that email address from the list of active 
> emails, you shouldn't ever receive more than one email from 
> any one spammer... Given that the "reply-to" addresses used 
> by spammers are usually false, the spammer will never see the 
> challenge message which is sent after the SMTP error is 
> generated, thus, they can't do any analysis of the challenges 
> to determine which "user unknown" errors were "faked" and 
> which were real. 
> 	Whether or not this works, it is somewhat disquieting 
> to think that the "solution" to the problem is to have our 
> servers violate the SMTP protocol by sending false status 
> codes. (Note: This would seem to call into question the claim 
> on the TitanKey website that "The Titan Key follows all SMTP 
> standards.") On the other hand, if it works, it works...
> 	Should we add "prevaricating servers" as one of the 
> methods in the taxonomy of potential solutions? I can imagine 
> the marketing slogans
> now: "My server lies. Does yours?" Or, "Our server lies 
> better than yours does." "Honesty will get you nowhere..."
> 
> 		bob wyman
> 
> Note: You can find the TitanKey patent online at: 
> http://l2.espacenet.com/espacenet/viewer?PN=WO0116695&CY=ep&LG
=en&DB=EPD
Click on the link at "Requested Patent" to see the images.





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From: Richard Rognlie <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
To: Peter Kay <peter@titankey.com>
Cc: bob@wyman.us, asrg@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Asrg] RE: TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 15:52:38 -0400

On Thu, May 29, 2003 at 09:42:14AM -1000, Peter Kay wrote:
> You raise a really good point: do we break SMTP compliance by lying?  
> 
> We think that the fact that SMTP tells the truth is the heart of all the
> spam problems in the first place.

by "lying" you've now broken any existing application that relies on 
bounces for automated clean up.

Suddenly, anyone using your solution for mail sent from an email list
will be removed from that list the first time they get mailed and
you respond with the 550.  now they have to resubscribe again.  

lather.  rinse.  repeat.

-- 
 /  \__  | Richard Rognlie / Oracle Prophet / Gamerz.NET Lackey
 \__/  \ | http://www.gamerz.net/rrognlie/    <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
 /  \__/ | Today is the first day of the rest of your life.  Of course,
 \__/    |    so was yesterday, and look how you screwed *that* up...
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From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 16:19:36 -0400
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Richard Rognlie wrote: (re TitanKey)
> Suddenly, anyone using your solution for mail sent 
> from an email list will be removed from that list the 
> first time they get mailed and you respond with the 550.

	The TitanKey guys would probably say that when subscribing to a
mailing list you should provide one of their "Virtual Private Email
Addresses" which are basically single user email addresses (sender +
recipient are hashed to generate the "virtual" address). If a message is
received addressed to a valid "virtual" inbox, then a C/R sequence is
not initiated.
	These "Virtual Private Email Addresses" appear to be very much
the same method which I've discussed in a few earlier notes, is used in
TDMA, or is claimed in the Xircom patent that Intel now owns. (see:
USPTO 6,356,935).

		bob wyman

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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I made a conscious decision to use my "public" titan key address because
I gave explicit permisison ONLY to the list admin. 

I initialy did create a "VPM" (peterasrg@titankey.com, it still works
and anyone can try it) for this list but decided against it.

If I get large amounts of hate mail booing/hissing against my use of a
protected email I can switch back and use my VPM.

Peter

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bob Wyman [mailto:bob@wyman.us] 
> Sent: Thursday, May 29, 2003 10:20 AM
> To: 'Richard Rognlie'; Peter Kay
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking 
> SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
> 
> 
> Richard Rognlie wrote: (re TitanKey)
> > Suddenly, anyone using your solution for mail sent
> > from an email list will be removed from that list the 
> > first time they get mailed and you respond with the 550.
> 
> 	The TitanKey guys would probably say that when 
> subscribing to a mailing list you should provide one of their 
> "Virtual Private Email Addresses" which are basically single 
> user email addresses (sender + recipient are hashed to 
> generate the "virtual" address). If a message is received 
> addressed to a valid "virtual" inbox, then a C/R sequence is 
> not initiated.
> 	These "Virtual Private Email Addresses" appear to be 
> very much the same method which I've discussed in a few 
> earlier notes, is used in TDMA, or is claimed in the Xircom 
> patent that Intel now owns. (see: USPTO 6,356,935).
> 
> 		bob wyman
> 
> 
> 
> 


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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 16:55:29 -0400

At 03:18 PM 5/29/2003 -0400, Bob Wyman wrote:
>[...]
>         While the process of generating challenges in response to
>"unknown" senders is normal, TitanKey claims that they do something
>unique in that in addition to the challenge mail, they also respond to
>the original mail by issuing a permanent "user unknown" SMTP error. They
>have filed at least one patent application for this process.
>         Whether or not this works, it is somewhat disquieting to think
>that the "solution" to the problem is to have our servers violate the
>SMTP protocol by sending false status codes. (Note: This would seem to
>call into question the claim on the TitanKey website that "The Titan Key
>follows all SMTP standards.") On the other hand, if it works, it
>works...
>[..]

I did some research on Titankey and ran some sample SMTP sessions against 
their system.  One sample session is as follows:

------snip-------
220 XXXXXX.com Service ready
helo noone.com
250 OK cybercominc-zzt Hello [68.27.139.139]
mail from: XXXXX@solidmatrix.com
250 OK  <XXXX@solidmatrix.com> Sender ok
rcpt to: XXXXX@titankey.com
550 unknown user <XXXXX@titankey.com>
quit
221 XXXXXXXX.com Service closing transmission channel
------snip-------

According to section 4.2.2 of RFC 2821, the "550" error code means the 
following:

---snip---
550 Requested action not taken: mailbox unavailable
          (e.g., mailbox not found, no access, or command rejected
          for policy reasons)
---snip---

According to section 4.2.1:

---snip---
An SMTP reply consists of a three digit number (transmitted as three
    numeric characters) followed by some text unless specified otherwise
    in this document.  The number is for use by automata to determine
    what state to enter next; the text is for the human user.
----snip---

I am not defending or approving TitanKey, just pointing out that what they 
are doing is not against the RFCs, they are rejecting the message i.e. 
"requested action not taken". Their only problem is a misleading error 
messages that is parsed by humans anyway. I would say that they are not 
following the spirit of the law but the line of the law.

This in general brings back to an interesting point - can you use the 
spammers methods against them? This would mean a lie about codes like 
these, bounces, etc.

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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Thread-Topic: [Asrg] RE: TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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From: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
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Nope.

When users subscribe to lists, they user their VPM and everything works
fine, perfectly, and normally.

The "protected" email address is for use when you need to publish your
email address "in the wild".

Peter

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Richard Rognlie [mailto:rrognlie@gamerz.net] 
> Sent: Thursday, May 29, 2003 9:53 AM
> To: Peter Kay
> Cc: bob@wyman.us; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] RE: TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking 
> SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
> 
> 
> On Thu, May 29, 2003 at 09:42:14AM -1000, Peter Kay wrote:
> > You raise a really good point: do we break SMTP compliance by lying?
> > 
> > We think that the fact that SMTP tells the truth is the 
> heart of all 
> > the spam problems in the first place.
> 
> by "lying" you've now broken any existing application that relies on 
> bounces for automated clean up.
> 
> Suddenly, anyone using your solution for mail sent from an 
> email list will be removed from that list the first time they 
> get mailed and you respond with the 550.  now they have to 
> resubscribe again.  
> 
> lather.  rinse.  repeat.
> 
> -- 
>  /  \__  | Richard Rognlie / Oracle Prophet / Gamerz.NET Lackey
>  \__/  \ | http://www.gamerz.net/rrognlie/    <rrognlie@gamerz.net>
>  /  \__/ | Today is the first day of the rest of your life.  
> Of course,
>  \__/    |    so was yesterday, and look how you screwed *that* up...
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> 
> 


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To: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
cc: asrg@ietf.org, brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 29 May 2003 16:55:29 EDT."
             <5.2.0.9.2.20030529165509.00b9ecc8@solidmatrix.com> 
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 17:07:01 -0400

Yakov,

I'd like to be able to respond to the question

	Is there a standard of care for delivery and non-delivery?

in the affirmative.

E.g.,

The industry standard for MTA response when delivered mail addressed to a
local addressee for which service has been administratively disabled is:   

        "550 Mailbox disabled for this recipient"

Futzing about with 821 and 2821 means that when the Expert makes a statement
like the above, the nice man or woman in a suit representing someone who is
responding to a claim of breach of duty by asserting there is no standard
will have you to thank.

Lets not make judgements more difficult by making the norms elusive.

Eric
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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 > ...Since spamming programs typically respond to a permanent
 > SMTP error by removing that email address from the list of active
 > emails, you shouldn't ever receive more than one email from any one
 > spammer...

Yeah sure and I'm the King of the Gypsies...

Maybe a better way to say that is:

      Since IN THEORY there MIGHT exist a spamming program
      which responds to a permanent SMTP error...

How is a virus-hijacked thrall server going to remove addresses or
even report the error back?

The whole point of virtually all spam is that there's no way back to
the spammer or any of his/her/its computers.

If they were getting negative responses then they could just be
mail-bombed and smurfed to death by enterprising pre-teens and we'd be
done with the spam problem.


-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*
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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard  errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 17:38:41 -0400
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Yakov Shafronovich wrote:
> According to section 4.2.2 of RFC 2821, the "550" error 
> code means the following:... 550 Requested action not 
> taken: mailbox unavailable (e.g., mailbox not found, no 
> access, or command rejected for policy reasons)
	Ok. Perhaps it was a bit strong to say that it was a "lie."
Nonetheless, it would appear that spammer's programs are, in fact,
pretty much helpless in determing whether the "550" was issued due to a
mailbox not existing or because of "policy reasons." They are pretty
much stuck with either removing the address that failed from their
databases or providing legitimate reply-to/From addresses and trying to
deal with the C/R process. If this method propogates, then spammers will
find that their databases of addresses will be getting trimmed... It
would also seem reasonable that other policies could be used to
similarly confuse spammers. For instance, issuing "550" errors when rate
limits are exceeded, when senders are found to be on black-lists, etc.
	This policy of selectively issuing "550" errors seems to
conflict with another practice that has been gaining some acceptance and
that is to *never* issue a "550" even if a mailbox doesn't exist. Some
mail providers have stopped issuing "550's" in an attempt to make it
more difficult for people to do dictionary attacks on their servers.
(i.e. if the server won't tell you what mailboxes are *not* valid, you
can't figure out which ones *are* valid...) So, one group says part of
the solution is to never issue a "550" and another group says that part
of the solution is to issue them more frequently than you might normally
issue them... 

	Off-Topic: I wonder if the fact that issuing a "550" for "policy
reasons" is explicitly mentioned in RFC2821 might call into question the
validity of any patent claims that explicitly use the method defined in
the RFC... One might claim that the RFC's provision of a means to reject
for "policy reasons" did, in fact, anticipate precisely the methods
being discussed here.

		bob wyman

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 17:54:35 -0400

On Thu, May 29, 2003 at 03:18:37PM -0400, Bob Wyman wrote

> 	TitanKey claims that this tiny modification to normal C/R
> procedure results in a "massive" improvement in the utility of challenge
> and response systems since spamming software won't be able to
> distinguish between real "user unknown" errors and the fake ones issued
> by TitanKey. Since spamming programs typically respond to a permanent
> SMTP error by removing that email address from the list of active
> emails,

HARR DEE HARR HARR HARR HARR HARR HARR HARR HARR HARR HARR HARR HARR

> you shouldn't ever receive more than one email from any one spammer...

  The difference between theory and practice is that in theory, the
theory works, in practice it doesn't.  Check out the web page at...
http://www.spamresource.com/nadine/  for a well documented example of
the falsehood of that claim.  TitanKey seem to be a bunch of clueless
noobs who don't have a clue about *CURRENT* spammer behaviour.  And if
their protocol is ever widely adopted, spammers will have more reason to
pound away at servers that claim no-such-user.

> Note: You can find the TitanKey patent online at:
> http://l2.espacenet.com/espacenet/viewer?PN=WO0116695&CY=ep&LG=en&DB=EPD
> Click on the link at "Requested Patent" to see the images.

  Are they claiming a patent on lying ?  That'll be easy to toss out in
court.  The US can bring forth Bill Clinton, and Canada can bring forth
Jean Chretien and claim "prior art".

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did
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I went through that patent below (albeit very quickly). I guess one
might say we're similar, but we're not. 

VPMs allow the user to freely give out a public address that will goes
directly to the inbox, yet and not have to "kill it" when it gets in the
hands of spammers. 

If and when that happens, the VPM can get "locked down", allowing all
those that have previously sent to the VPM to continue to use it, yet
disallowing any future senders (via the dreaded bounce) use of it.

The patent referenced heavily below uses dig sigs, etc to authenticate.
We don't do that.

Peter

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bob Wyman [mailto:bob@wyman.us] 
> Sent: Thursday, May 29, 2003 10:20 AM
> To: 'Richard Rognlie'; Peter Kay
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] RE: TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking 
> SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
> 
> 
> Richard Rognlie wrote: (re TitanKey)
> > Suddenly, anyone using your solution for mail sent
> > from an email list will be removed from that list the 
> > first time they get mailed and you respond with the 550.
> 
> 	The TitanKey guys would probably say that when 
> subscribing to a mailing list you should provide one of their 
> "Virtual Private Email Addresses" which are basically single 
> user email addresses (sender + recipient are hashed to 
> generate the "virtual" address). If a message is received 
> addressed to a valid "virtual" inbox, then a C/R sequence is 
> not initiated.
> 	These "Virtual Private Email Addresses" appear to be 
> very much the same method which I've discussed in a few 
> earlier notes, is used in TDMA, or is claimed in the Xircom 
> patent that Intel now owns. (see: USPTO 6,356,935).
> 
> 		bob wyman
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> 
> 
> 


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I just got Peter Kay's "Challenge", it involves clicking on an http
link!

I'd have to really, really want to send e-mail to this guy to be
bothered doing that. And I don't, so I didn't, I tossed it.

I don't think this C/R stuff is too good an idea, it seems like the
mirror-image of opt-out's which require you to go to a web site and
fill out a form to opt out.

Just my opinion, and maybe it worked and Kay never wants to hear from
me anyhow.

But I'd be worried about people who are only casually responding to
you and see this and like me say oh yeah right like I have nothing
better to do today than visit a web site and do god knows what for
every email I get...

That said I have nothing particularly against giving people the choice
to use C/R, I'm just observing that it seems, to me, off-putting.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] Re: Brad Templeton's C/R Guidelines
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Not sure I agree with preserving the original recipient's email address for
the challenge sender.  It's not really nice when a mail server starts
spoofing people's addresses.  Also, we monitor the bounces of the challenges
to auto-block bogus senders.  If the bounce goes back to the original
recipient, then the server can't tell what message is a bounce vs. normal
email.  One could inspect deep down into the message, but that's a bit
annoying...and intrusive.

Using a "system" email address for the challenge is representative of
exactly what is going on.  A C/R system is challenging a sender.  If the
challenge message bounces, it's returned to the system address which can
readily process it.  Anyway, it's arguable and therefore optional.  I agree
that a sender will more readily respond to a challenge message from someone
he knows, however, I don't like what's really happening.  In addition, if
someone sends a message to 10 people behind a C/R system, are 10 messages
returned?  Which sender is returned?  If you use a system address, it's
simple.

Also, modifying the subject line by prepending a "Re:" or "Fwd:" is just
plain creepy.  If I send a message to someone and they reply..but with their
email address and Re:subject line..then I open the message to find something
else inside...I just don't like that...some do..and do so for valid
reasons...I don't.

> Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com> writes:
>
> > Here is a list of C/R guidelines compiled by Brad Templeton, who
> > wrote one of the early C/R systems (from
> > http://www.templetons.com/brad/spam/challengeresponse.html).

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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> From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>

> ...
> 	TitanKey claims that this tiny modification to normal C/R
> procedure results in a "massive" improvement in the utility of challenge
> and response systems since spamming software won't be able to
> distinguish between real "user unknown" errors and the fake ones issued
> by TitanKey. Since spamming programs typically respond to a permanent
> SMTP error by removing that email address from the list of active
> emails, you shouldn't ever receive more than one email from any one
> spammer... Given that the "reply-to" addresses used by spammers are
> usually false, the spammer will never see the challenge message which is
> sent after the SMTP error is generated, thus, they can't do any analysis
> of the challenges to determine which "user unknown" errors were "faked"
> and which were real. 
> ...

That is based on assumptions that are dubious and possibly false:

   - I'm convinced that many "spamming programs typically respond to a
    permanent SMTP error by removing that email address from the
    list of active emails," but it is also clear to anyone with an
    SMTP server that many other "spamming programs" don't.  You can tell
    because many spammers keep banging away at the same non-existent
    addresses for years.  Where the balance lies today is a guess.

   - Only 48% of the 32,300 spam in my rolling 40 day log have
    Reply-To headers, but perhaps what is meant is the envelope Mail_From
    address.  It is an article of faith for many people that "most"
    Mail_from addresses are "false," but the evidence for that belief
    is thin.

   - Many spammers have no difficulty creating new domains and addresses
    as needed.  For example, for several months the workingwithwood/etc.
    porn spammer has been working off a stockpile of domain names
    created late last year at about 2 names per day.  Those spammers
    can receive and process bounces, challenges, and so forth, or not,
    as they please.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard  errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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I think we first need to deal with this (I'll assert) fantasy that
spammers see a 550 or removed an address from their lists because of
one with any significant frequency.

But otherwise we border on the "tree falls and no one around" problem,
what if the SMTP server lies but no one was listening?

Ok, maybe the general issue of server response codes lying transcends
the particular topic at hand which raised the issue.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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Subject: [Asrg] Re: TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors
 "improves" C/R utility?)
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Date: Fri, 30 May 2003 05:28:43 +0700

Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> writes:

> I just got Peter Kay's "Challenge", it involves clicking on an http
> link!
>
> I'd have to really, really want to send e-mail to this guy to be
> bothered doing that. And I don't, so I didn't, I tossed it.

I've found that not responding to challenges out of spite like this
happens very rarely, and if it does, it's usually to make a
philosophical point in a public forum like you did in this message.

> I don't think this C/R stuff is too good an idea

I'm not surprised.

> But I'd be worried about people who are only casually responding to
> you and see this and like me say oh yeah right like I have nothing
> better to do today than visit a web site and do god knows what for
> every email I get...

This isn't a practical concern in my experience.  People mistakenly
have the impression that sending an e-mail serves only the needs of
the recipient, while in reality this is not the case at all.  The
sender wouldn't have sent the message if it didn't serve some need of
their own.

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Subject: [Asrg] Re: Brad Templeton's C/R Guidelines
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Date: Fri, 30 May 2003 05:31:24 +0700

"Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com> writes:

> Also, we monitor the bounces of the challenges to auto-block bogus
> senders.

How are you doing this?  Is this done in the SMTP transaction?


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?) 
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From: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 12:31:32 -1000
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Oh man Eric, you're using big words and heavy use of the stack on your
writing so I'm having a hard time understanding what you say.

But let me put this to the group:

1. we don't really care what error message to generate. What's important
to us and the ISP is that we're not accepting email we don't want and
we're not paying for the bandwidth to receive it.

2. why don't we create a standard error code that says, "I don't know
who you are so I reject your email and if you're a mass-email please
remove me from your list".


What's important, I believe, is that:

1. the recipient decides what email they want to get and what they
don't.

2. unwanted email does not use bandwidth.

Peter

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine 
> [mailto:brunner@nic-naa.net] 
> Sent: Thursday, May 29, 2003 11:07 AM
> To: Yakov Shafranovich
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org; brunner@nic-naa.net
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP 
> hard errors "improves" C/R utility?) 
> 
> 
> Yakov,
> 
> I'd like to be able to respond to the question
> 
> 	Is there a standard of care for delivery and non-delivery?
> 
> in the affirmative.
> 
> E.g.,
> 
> The industry standard for MTA response when delivered mail 
> addressed to a
> local addressee for which service has been administratively 
> disabled is:   
> 
>         "550 Mailbox disabled for this recipient"
> 
> Futzing about with 821 and 2821 means that when the Expert 
> makes a statement like the above, the nice man or woman in a 
> suit representing someone who is responding to a claim of 
> breach of duty by asserting there is no standard will have 
> you to thank.
> 
> Lets not make judgements more difficult by making the norms elusive.
> 
> Eric
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> 
> 


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To: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>, "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard 
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 18:39:35 -0400

At 06:11 PM 5/29/2003 -0400, Barry Shein wrote:

>I think we first need to deal with this (I'll assert) fantasy that
>spammers see a 550 or removed an address from their lists because of
>one with any significant frequency.
>
>But otherwise we border on the "tree falls and no one around" problem,
>what if the SMTP server lies but no one was listening?
>[..]

Barry,

You have raised a very good point. Does Peter from TitanKey, or anyone else 
for that matter (maybe someone from Brightmail or CipherTrust), have any 
data about this?

Yakov 

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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 18:45:39 -0400

At 05:29 PM 5/29/2003 -0400, Barry Shein wrote:


>  > ...Since spamming programs typically respond to a permanent
>  > SMTP error by removing that email address from the list of active
>  > emails, you shouldn't ever receive more than one email from any one
>  > spammer...
>
>Yeah sure and I'm the King of the Gypsies...
>
>Maybe a better way to say that is:
>
>       Since IN THEORY there MIGHT exist a spamming program
>       which responds to a permanent SMTP error...
>
>How is a virus-hijacked thrall server going to remove addresses or
>even report the error back?
>
>The whole point of virtually all spam is that there's no way back to
>the spammer or any of his/her/its computers.
>
>If they were getting negative responses then they could just be
>mail-bombed and smurfed to death by enterprising pre-teens and we'd be
>done with the spam problem.

To summarize it, it seems that TitanKey is a C/R system that issues 
challenges at the SMTP level instead of actually accepting the message and 
parsing it. Thus, the only advantage of such system is the savings in disk 
space and processing power on the receiver's SMTP server. As for spammers 
removing such addresses, there has been no data provided so far to support 
that.

Yakov


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: "'Peter Kay'" <peter@titankey.com>,
        "'Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine'" <brunner@nic-naa.net>,
        "'Yakov Shafranovich'" <research@solidmatrix.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?) 
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 18:54:29 -0400
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Peter Kay wrote:
> What's important, I believe, is that:
> 1. the recipient decides what email they want 
> to get and what they don't.
> 2. unwanted email does not use bandwidth.
	These are nice points. However, if one reads the TitanKey
website, you'll definitely get the impression that since
"well-engineered bulk-email software automatically removes invalid
emails from their databases" TitanKey is doing something special and
"important" in issuing "an industry-standard 'no such user exists' error
message". And, the fact that TitanKey has applied for a patent on
issuing such a status code, I can't understand why Peter Kay would want
to suggest that it isn't an important part of the process... 

See Also: http://www.titankey.com/howitworks/overallProcess.asp
"Because all other anti-spam software does its processing AFTER spam
gets in your inbox, spammers still know you are receiving email! Only
The Titan Key directs spammer software to remove you from their
databases!"

		bob wyman

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?) 
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From: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
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My "what's important" comments were related to the conversation and not
the general claims of our product.

However, that being said, go ahead and try to send email using
well-engineered mass emailing software and you will see that it does, in
fact, remove your email address from the database.

Can we say with absolute certainty that all spammers remove all bad
emails? Of course not. But look at the feature set of most all
mass-email software and you will see features to auto-delist email
addresses with "hard bounces".

What we really need is to talk to some first class spammers.

Peter

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bob Wyman [mailto:bob@wyman.us] 
> Sent: Thursday, May 29, 2003 12:54 PM
> To: Peter Kay; 'Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine'; 
> 'Yakov Shafranovich'
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP 
> hard errors "improves" C/R utility?) 
> 
> 
> Peter Kay wrote:
> > What's important, I believe, is that:
> > 1. the recipient decides what email they want
> > to get and what they don't.
> > 2. unwanted email does not use bandwidth.
> 	These are nice points. However, if one reads the 
> TitanKey website, you'll definitely get the impression that 
> since "well-engineered bulk-email software automatically 
> removes invalid emails from their databases" TitanKey is 
> doing something special and "important" in issuing "an 
> industry-standard 'no such user exists' error message". And, 
> the fact that TitanKey has applied for a patent on issuing 
> such a status code, I can't understand why Peter Kay would 
> want to suggest that it isn't an important part of the process... 
> 
> See Also: http://www.titankey.com/howitworks/overallProcess.asp
> "Because all other anti-spam software does its processing 
> AFTER spam gets in your inbox, spammers still know you are 
> receiving email! Only The Titan Key directs spammer software 
> to remove you from their databases!"
> 
> 		bob wyman
> 
> 
> 
> 


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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 19:18:06 -0400

At 05:54 PM 5/29/2003 -0400, waltdnes@waltdnes.org wrote:

>On Thu, May 29, 2003 at 03:18:37PM -0400, Bob Wyman wrote
>
>[..]
>   The difference between theory and practice is that in theory, the
>theory works, in practice it doesn't.  Check out the web page at...
>http://www.spamresource.com/nadine/  for a well documented example of
>the falsehood of that claim.
>[...]

Just a note: "Nadine" rejected messages with 553 error code, not 550 
(perhaps Eric Brunner can point out to us the acceptable industry standard 
regarding the difference between the two). However, the point is that in 
practice there has been very no data provided to support TitanKey's theory.

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard
  errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 19:20:35 -0400

At 06:00 PM 5/29/2003 -0400, Barry Shein wrote:

>[...]
>
>I don't think this C/R stuff is too good an idea, it seems like the
>mirror-image of opt-out's which require you to go to a web site and
>fill out a form to opt out.
>
>Just my opinion, and maybe it worked and Kay never wants to hear from
>me anyhow.
>
>But I'd be worried about people who are only casually responding to
>you and see this and like me say oh yeah right like I have nothing
>better to do today than visit a web site and do god knows what for
>every email I get...
>
>That said I have nothing particularly against giving people the choice
>to use C/R, I'm just observing that it seems, to me, off-putting.

Look at TitanKey as another type of C/R system that issues challenges at 
the SMTP level. That's essentially what it is. As for pros and cons of C/R 
systems, that has been debated before many times. C/R systems exist and 
will increase, we are just making sense out of chaos here. Perhaps Eric 
Dean can add the STMP-reject method to his C/R draft.

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard
  errors "improves" C/R utility?) 
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 18:40:15 -0400

At 05:07 PM 5/29/2003 -0400, Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine wrote:
>[..]
>
>The industry standard for MTA response when delivered mail addressed to a
>local addressee for which service has been administratively disabled is:
>
>         "550 Mailbox disabled for this recipient"

Is it the error code that is an industry standard or the error message? 
What about:

"550 spam not accepted"

Would that make a difference?

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard  errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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> Look at TitanKey as another type of C/R system that issues challenges at
> the SMTP level. That's essentially what it is. As for pros and
> cons of C/R
> systems, that has been debated before many times. C/R systems exist and
> will increase, we are just making sense out of chaos here. Perhaps Eric
> Dean can add the STMP-reject method to his C/R draft.

Just a point of clarification..I'm looking at C/R interworking..a method for
automation and loop prevention...not at specifying how to build a C/R
system.  With respect to this particular response code method...I'm not sure
what should be done for interworking systems with that feature.

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard  errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 18:27:01 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>

> I think we first need to deal with this (I'll assert) fantasy that
> spammers see a 550 or removed an address from their lists because of
> one with any significant frequency.
> ...

I tried to dump on the idea that spammers "typically" respond to 
a 550 by removing a target address, but it's just as dreamy to
claim that they "typically" don't.

At least some spammers do seem to remove in response to 550's.  Perhaps
some spammers think that's just good housekeeping, but I suspect others
are responding to anti-spam pressure.  Some major spam targets reportedly
including AOL react to "too many" invalid target addresses with an
automatic blacklisting of the sending IP address.

A major problem among people worried about spam not just here but
everywhere is a habit of ignoring the difference between what they
think or hope might be true and what they actually know is true.  As
someone I used to work for was fond of say, "what you don't know can
hurt, but what you know that aint so can kill."

It would be really swell if people proposing or criticising mechanisms
would pay attention to what they know (e.g. there's a lot of spam),
what they strongly suspect (*some* spammers do or do not remove in
response 550's), and what they wish (*most* spammers do or do not
respond to 550's).


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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On Monday, May 26, 2003 9:35 PM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
8<...>8
>   - Netscape 7's filters can be used to whitelist.

Is it not true that any 'adequate' filter system can be used to 'whitelist'?

-e
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Kee Hinckley'" <nazgul@somewhere.com>,
        "'Vernon Schryver'"
	 <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Cc: "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: ADV: (was Re: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in the House of Representative)
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Just for the sake of performing some definition normalization, please (if you 
haven't already - I'll check the archives on this thread) define 'whitelisting' 
as it is being used in this discussion.

What is a 'whitelist'?
What is it to be 'whitelisted'?
Does a 'whitelist' require certain attributes about the 'sender', if so, what 
attributes?
Is a 'whitelist' the converse of a 'blacklist'?

Thanks.

-e

On Monday, May 26, 2003 11:55 PM, Kee Hinckley [SMTP:nazgul@somewhere.com] 
wrote:
> At 7:34 PM -0600 5/26/03, Vernon Schryver wrote:
> >I think you are mistaken.
> >   - I've seen users talk about using whitelisting with Hotmail
> >   - I think I've been told the Outlook can do something like whitelisting
> >   - Netscape 7's filters can be used to whitelist.
>
> If that is the case--why are they getting spam?
>
> >  > Because I'm making the assertion that the number of people who
> >>  whitelist is tiny.  As evidence I'd offer a) that the majority of
> >>  users have a major spam problem, and b) my experiences with sending
> >>  mail to wormalert hoaxed folks using a different email address, yet
> >>  getting through fine.
> >
> >That does not look like evidence for or against whitelisting to me.
>
> I sent 30,000+ messages to complete strangers and the vast majority
> of the messages were received.  Believe me, these were not people who
> have filters.
>
> >I believe Habeas's claim that most of the Internet has already
> >white-listed the Habeas mark.  So why aren't more spammers forging it?
>
> What does "most of the internet mean"?  AOL, MSN and Earthlink have
> decided to let Habeas mail through for their users?  I could believe
> that.  But that has nothing to do with whitelisting email addresses
> and lists.
>
> >And why don't you see forged spam supposedly from CERT or the IETF?
>
> Because 99% of the users out there haven't a clue what they are, and
> certainly haven't whitelisted them.
>
> I think you're talking about ISP whitelisting.  I'm talking about
> end-user whitelisting.  Those are two completely different things.
>
> >  > In some respects, the (semi-articulated) proposal from the
> >>  bulk-mailing folks appears to be an attempt to provide a similar
> >>  identification mechanism for non-list, bulk mail.
> >
> >What is "non-list, bulk mail"?  As far as I can see, the bulk mail
>
> The stuff companies like Roving send for their customers, and large
> companies like Amazon send for themselves.  Am I really being that
> unclear?  I give up.
>
>
> --
> Kee Hinckley
> http://www.messagefire.com/          Junk-Free Email Filtering
> http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society
>
> I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
> responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
> everyone else's.
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard  errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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On Thursday, May 29, 2003 5:39 PM, Bob Wyman [SMTP:bob@wyman.us] wrote:
> Yakov Shafronovich wrote:
> > According to section 4.2.2 of RFC 2821, the "550" error
> > code means the following:... 550 Requested action not
> > taken: mailbox unavailable (e.g., mailbox not found, no
> > access, or command rejected for policy reasons)
> 	Ok. Perhaps it was a bit strong to say that it was a "lie."
> Nonetheless, it would appear that spammer's programs are, in fact,
> pretty much helpless in determing whether the "550" was issued due to a
> mailbox not existing or because of "policy reasons." They are pretty
> much stuck with either removing the address that failed from their
> databases or providing legitimate reply-to/From addresses and trying to
> deal with the C/R process. [...]

I think that there may be evidence to substantiate an argument that the SMTP 
servers installed by some 'spammer' tools may actually implement a 
surreptitious channel for communication of status code information, given 
spammer 'adaptability' and if that is indeed the case then it is a short leap 
to co-opting MS access to determine whether the response was attended by a DSN 
or a C/R message.  This could all be blue sky, but ...

> 	Off-Topic: I wonder if the fact that issuing a "550" for "policy
> reasons" is explicitly mentioned in RFC2821 might call into question the
> validity of any patent claims that explicitly use the method defined in
> the RFC... One might claim that the RFC's provision of a means to reject
> for "policy reasons" did, in fact, anticipate precisely the methods
> being discussed here.

precisely.

-e
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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On Thursday, May 29, 2003 4:55 PM, Yakov Shafranovich 
[SMTP:research@solidmatrix.com] wrote:
> At 03:18 PM 5/29/2003 -0400, Bob Wyman wrote:
> >[...]
> >         While the process of generating challenges in response to
> >"unknown" senders is normal, TitanKey claims that they do something
> >unique in that in addition to the challenge mail, they also respond to
> >the original mail by issuing a permanent "user unknown" SMTP error.
8<...>8

I would say that the system is issuing a 'command rejected for policy reasons' 
or 'mailbox unavailable' but these are human terms. The permenance of the 
status code is the issue - 550.

Section 3.3

"                                                  ...If the recipient
   is known not to be a deliverable address, the SMTP server returns a
   550 reply, typically with a string such as "no such user - " and the
   mailbox name (other circumstances and reply codes are possible).
   This step of the procedure can be repeated any number of times."

>
> I did some research on Titankey and ran some sample SMTP sessions against
> their system.  One sample session is as follows:
>
> ------snip-------
> 220 XXXXXX.com Service ready
> helo noone.com
> 250 OK cybercominc-zzt Hello [68.27.139.139]
> mail from: XXXXX@solidmatrix.com
> 250 OK  <XXXX@solidmatrix.com> Sender ok
> rcpt to: XXXXX@titankey.com
> 550 unknown user <XXXXX@titankey.com>
> quit
> 221 XXXXXXXX.com Service closing transmission channel
> ------snip-------
>
> According to section 4.2.2 of RFC 2821, the "550" error code means the
> following:
>
> ---snip---
> 550 Requested action not taken: mailbox unavailable
>           (e.g., mailbox not found, no access, or command rejected
>           for policy reasons)
> ---snip---
>
> According to section 4.2.1:
>
> ---snip---
> An SMTP reply consists of a three digit number (transmitted as three
>     numeric characters) followed by some text unless specified otherwise
>     in this document.  The number is for use by automata to determine
>     what state to enter next; the text is for the human user.
> ----snip---
>
> I am not defending or approving TitanKey, just pointing out that what they
> are doing is not against the RFCs, they are rejecting the message i.e.
> "requested action not taken". Their only problem is a misleading error
> messages that is parsed by humans anyway. I would say that they are not
> following the spirit of the law but the line of the law.

I tend to agree, but what is clear is that the status codes are meant to be 
interpreted by 'automata' and not 'humans.'

> This in general brings back to an interesting point - can you use the
> spammers methods against them? This would mean a lie about codes like
> these, bounces, etc.
>
> Yakov
>
> 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> ---------------------
> Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
> SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------  
----
> ---------------------
> "One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
> the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
> 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> ---------------------
>
> _______________________________________________
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 21:42:47 -0400

At 08:16 PM 5/29/2003 -0400, Eric Dean wrote:

> > Look at TitanKey as another type of C/R system that issues challenges at
> > the SMTP level. That's essentially what it is. As for pros and
> > cons of C/R
> > systems, that has been debated before many times. C/R systems exist and
> > will increase, we are just making sense out of chaos here. Perhaps Eric
> > Dean can add the STMP-reject method to his C/R draft.
>
>Just a point of clarification..I'm looking at C/R interworking..a method for
>automation and loop prevention...not at specifying how to build a C/R
>system.  With respect to this particular response code method...I'm not sure
>what should be done for interworking systems with that feature.

What I meant is something that I mentioned in a prior post - ability for 
C/R systems to interoperate at the SMTP level not just mail messages level. 
This would save a lot of bandwidth and storage space.

Yakov  

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To: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
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        "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>, asrg@ietf.org,
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 29 May 2003 12:31:32 -1000."
             <DD198B5D07F04347B7266A3F35C42B0B017F49@io.cybercom.local> 
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 21:35:49 -0400

> 1. we don't really care what error message to generate.

You may want to reconsider this.

> What's important to us ...

May not have a single answer.

Anyway, the report the fragment quoted from caused a party in an action to
drop money on the table. It isn't perfect (my litigator would prefer that
I write for an 11th grade (US) reader with little computer experience and
no "theory", but that's getting ahead of my self), but it is what I wrote.

Eric
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To: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard 
  errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 21:43:18 -0400

At 06:27 PM 5/29/2003 -0600, Vernon Schryver wrote:

> > From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
>
> > I think we first need to deal with this (I'll assert) fantasy that
> > spammers see a 550 or removed an address from their lists because of
> > one with any significant frequency.
> > ...
>
>I tried to dump on the idea that spammers "typically" respond to
>a 550 by removing a target address, but it's just as dreamy to
>claim that they "typically" don't.
>[..]
>It would be really swell if people proposing or criticising mechanisms
>would pay attention to what they know (e.g. there's a lot of spam),
>what they strongly suspect (*some* spammers do or do not remove in
>response 550's), and what they wish (*most* spammers do or do not
>respond to 550's).

Is there anyone out here that has some info on what spammers actually do 
with "550" and other error codes?

Yakov

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 19:59:35 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>

> >[..]
> >It would be really swell if people proposing or criticising mechanisms
> >would pay attention to what they know (e.g. there's a lot of spam),
> >what they strongly suspect (*some* spammers do or do not remove in
> >response 550's), and what they wish (*most* spammers do or do not
> >respond to 550's).
>
> Is there anyone out here that has some info on what spammers actually do 
> with "550" and other error codes?

Part of paying attention to what one knows, strongly suspects, and only
wishes ought to be distinguishing what can be known from that which can't.

Only spammers know what they actually do with SMTP error codes, and
they only know what they and their closest colleagues do.  A description
of what "spammers actually do" in this context makes less sense than
the report of the committee of blind men describing the elephant,
because elephants don't change.  Whatever spammers do today, if they
need to, they might switch tomorrow.

What does it mean to talk about "spammers"?  There are only 500-1500
serious spammers today, but they use many different tools.  They often
use their tools quite differently.

Say you found that 87.345% of all spammers today respond to 550's.
You could not conclude (or know) anything about yesterday or tomorrow.

Would you count "spammers" by counting spammer noses or spam email?
What if one of the "leads clubs" manages to recruit 100 new "home
workers"?  (Yes, I'm mixing species of spammers).  Whether you count
noses or spam, your percentage would surely be invalidated by whatever
the new spammers do.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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On Thursday, May 29, 2003 6:11 PM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
8<...>8
>    - Only 48% of the 32,300 spam in my rolling 40 day log have
>     Reply-To headers, but perhaps what is meant is the envelope Mail_From
>     address.  It is an article of faith for many people that "most"
>     Mail_from addresses are "false," but the evidence for that belief
>     is thin.

IMHO the only relevant header information to determine 'sender' forgery is the 
Return-Path: field reported by the receiving server.  In this case I am 
referring to the receiver that is presented at the recipient border that 
interacts with the 'spamming' system or (if headers are not munged and are 
legitimately preserved as recommended RFC2822 and RFC822) by the terminating 
end of the store-and-forward message transfer.

-e
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To: "'Peter Kay'" <peter@titankey.com>, "'bob@wyman.us'" <bob@wyman.us>,
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?) 
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On Thursday, May 29, 2003 7:05 PM, Peter Kay [SMTP:peter@titankey.com] wrote:
8<...>8
> However, that being said, go ahead and try to send email using
> well-engineered mass emailing software and you will see that it does, in
> fact, remove your email address from the database.

I am very interested in proving the assertion of that claim.  If you have such 
software for testing, can it be made available to the group for forensic 
analysis of its function and as an attempt (at least by me) to gauge the devel. 
tree/path or adaptability of said technology?

> Can we say with absolute certainty that all spammers remove all bad
> emails? Of course not. But look at the feature set of most all
> mass-email software and you will see features to auto-delist email
> addresses with "hard bounces".

Do we really need to do that (not to mention they would probably be executed 
;-) or can this be accomplished through forensic and other examination of this 
software?

-e
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To: "'Barry Shein'" <bzs@world.std.com>, "'bob@wyman.us'" <bob@wyman.us>
Cc: "'Peter Kay'" <peter@titankey.com>, "'asrg@ietf.org'" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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On Thursday, May 29, 2003 5:30 PM, Barry Shein [SMTP:bzs@world.std.com] wrote:
8<...>8
> Yeah sure and I'm the King of the Gypsies...
>
> Maybe a better way to say that is:
>
>       Since IN THEORY there MIGHT exist a spamming program
>       which responds to a permanent SMTP error...
>
> How is a virus-hijacked thrall server going to remove addresses or
> even report the error back?

Barry again inserts (to me) an interesting point on 'spamming' tools e.g. 
zombies and robots; introduced by surreptitious or malicious means e.g. 
viruses.  I think there may be evidence, however, that these 'spamming' methods 
do use clandestine communications channels to other compromised (or not) 
systems to 'peruse' economically unproductive distribution.  I still think the 
best way to a proof of this is to obtain some code for forensic analysis.  If 
there is some [code] available I think that would be a valuable activity to 
engage.  I would be willing to contribute to that effort and will make analysis 
and code available if I run across any.

-e
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ASRG participants;

The attached document is a presentation of proposed requirements and attempts 
to represent minimum specifications for proposals as solutions.  This is a 
'high-level' listing of requirements and the attendant rationale for the 
requirement statement.  Please note that the keyword terms: MUST, MUST NOT, 
SHOULD, and MAY are NOT as described in RFC 2119, this is a very important 
distinction as those terms speak directly to what the requirements actually 
require of a proposal author.

I recognize that there will be debate concerning which requirements are cast 
under which terms, that is intended.  Where you feel a requirement is not cast 
using the correct keyword please articulate that disagreement to the list with 
your complete rationale (hopefully then we will not waste a lot of time with 
specious arguments because a participant does not want to apply a certain 
requirement criterion).  It is hoped that this group will also consider that 
these are (or at least attempt to be) 'high-level' requirements that do not 
limit the types of proposals that may be considered in the solution set.

Please provide your feedback on the complete document, I would not like to get 
into lengthy debates on-list about terms and would rather reconcile all of the 
discussion and present that to the list at a later time in a coherent fashion. 
 Including proposed consensus definitions.

NOTE: Definitions do not affect the requirements but MAY affect how a 
requirement is interpreted.

This document has been correlated with the previous documentation of 
requirements and incorporates a number of concepts that have been discussed on 
the list.  Where contribution is significant to developing the requirements 
appropriate acknowledgements will always be included.  If you find you have 
already been cited in the acknowledgements but there is a mis-spelling or 
incomplete information please let me know.

Thanks, and let's have at it (hopefully for only a limited time :-).

-e

 
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Anti Spam Research Group                                        R. Brand
Internet-Draft                             Procinct Security Corporation
Expires: Mmmmmmm D, YYYY                                     E. Williams
                                               Information Brokers, Inc.
                                                            May 29, 2003


              Anti Spam Research Group Requirements
                 draft-irtf-asrg-requirements-xx

Status of this Memo
=20
 This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
 all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.
=20
 Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
 Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
 other groups may also distribute working documents as
 Internet-Drafts.
=20
 Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
 months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other
 documents at any time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-
 Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as
 "work in progress."
=20
 The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
 http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.
=20
 The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed
 at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
=20
 This Internet-Draft will expire on Mmmmmmm dd, yyyy.

Copyright Notice
=20
 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003).  All Rights
 Reserved.

Abstract
=20
 The purpose of the Anti Spam Research Group (ASRG) is to
 investigate the [spam] problem (loosely defined as =91non consent-
 based communications=92) as a large-scale network problem,
 understand the problem and collectively propose and evaluate
 solutions to the problem.  This Internet-Draft describes the
 high-level requirements for proposed methodologies for
 addressing the problem, including the rationale for those
 requirements where clarification is needed.  Scenarios are used
 to illustrate some requirements.





=0CInternet-Draft            Requirements              May 29, 2003



Table of Contents

 1. Introduction                                              4
 1.1 Conventions Used In This Document                        4
 1.2 Reasons for the ASRG Proposal Requirements               4
 1.3 Terminology                                              5
 1.3.1 Anti-spam                                              5
 1.3.2 Bulk E-mail                                            5
 1.3.3 Caller                                                 5
 1.3.4 Callback                                               5
 1.3.5 Challenge/Response System                              5
 1.3.6 Consent                                                5
 1.3.7 Consent Based Communications                           5
 1.3.8 Commercial E-mail                                      6
 1.3.9 Domain Name System (DNS)                               6
 1.3.10 E-mail                                                6
 1.3.11 False Negative                                        6
 1.3.12 False Positive                                        6
 1.3.13 Legitimate Messaging                                  6
 1.3.14 Message Content                                       6
 1.3.15 Message Envelope Forgery                              6
 1.3.16 Message Envelope Protocol                             6
 1.3.17 Message Header                                        7
 1.3.18 Message Header Forgery                                7
 1.3.19 Message Origination                                   7
 1.3.20 Message Originator                                    7
 1.3.21 Message Transfer Agent                                7
 1.3.22 Message Transfer System                               7
 1.3.23 Message User Agent                                    7
 1.3.24 Message Store/Message Storage Agent                   8
 1.3.25 Non Consent Based Communication (spam)                8
 1.3.26 Open Relay MTA                                        8
 1.3.27 Opt-In                                                8
 1.3.28 Opt-Out                                               8
 1.3.29 Recipient/Receiver                                    8
 1.3.30 Sender                                                8
 1.3.31 Spammer                                               8
 1.3.32 Relay MTA                                             8
 1.3.33 Selective Relay MTA                                   9
 1.3.34 Reverse DNS                                           9
 1.3.35 Transport Protocol                                    9
 1.3.36 Unsolicited Bulk E-Mail                               9
 1.3.37 Unsolicited Commercial E-Mail                         9
 1.4 Anti Spam Technical Framework                            9
 1.5 Organization of Requirements                            10
 2. Requirements                                             10
 2.1 Use of existing RFCs                                    10
 2.1.1 Rationale:                                            10
 2.2 Inexpensive                                             10
 2.2.1 Rational:                                             10



Brand & Williams     Expires: Mmmmmmm D, YYYY            [Page 2]=20
=0CInternet-Draft            Requirements              May 29, 2003


 2.3 Ease of Use                                             11
 2.3.1 Rationale:                                            11
 2.4 Ease of Deployment                                      11
 2.4.1 Rational:                                             11
 2.5 Interoperable                                           11
 2.5.1 Rational:                                             11
 2.6 Highly Effective                                        12
 2.6.1 Rationale:                                            12
 2.7 Persistently Effective                                  12
 2.7.1 Rational:                                             12
 2.8 Doesn't Interfere With The Delivery Of Legitimate Mail  12
 2.8.1 Rationale:                                            12
 2.9 Single Solution                                         12
 2.9.1 Rationale:                                            12
 2.10 Technical Rather Than Legislative                      13
 2.10.1 Rationale:                                           13
 2.11 Complexity                                             13
 2.11.1 Rationale:                                           13
 2.12 Implement ability                                      13
 2.12.1 Rationale:                                           13
 2.13 Other Platforms                                        14
 2.13.1 Rationale:                                           14
 2.14 Accountability and Anonymity                           14
 2.14.1 Rationale:                                           14
 3. Security Considerations                                  14
 Informative References                                      15
 Authors' Addresses                                          15
 Full Copyright Statement                                    16
 Acknowledgements                                            16

=20























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=0CInternet-Draft            Requirements              May 29, 2003


1.  Introduction
=20
 This is an unordered simple listing of possible criteria for
 ASRG to evaluate anti-spam solutions.
=20
 The ASRG should solicit both additional criteria and also
 argumentation/analysis as to which criteria are appropriate and
 important and which are not.

1.1  Conventions Used In This Document
=20
 This is not an IETF standards track document[1].  As it is not
 such a document the keywords MUST, MUST NOT, SHOULD, and MAY
 are NOT as in [2], but rather:
 =20
  o  MUST: This word, or the terms "REQUIRED" or "SHALL", means
     that the described behavior or characteristic is an absolute
     requirement for a proposed ASRG specification.
  o  MUST NOT: This phrase, or the phrase "SHALL NOT", means that
     the described behavior or characteristic is an absolute
     prohibition of a proposed ASRG specification.
  o  SHOULD: This word, or the adjective "RECOMMENDED", means
     that there may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances
     for a proposed ASRG specification to ignore described behavior or
     characteristics.
  o  MAY: This word, or the adjective "OPTIONAL", means that
     described behavior or characteristics are truly optional for a
     proposed ASRG specification.  One proposed specification may
     choose to include the described behavior or characteristic while
     another proposed specification may omit the same behavior or
     characteristic.

1.2  Reasons for the ASRG Proposal Requirements
=20
 The reasons for development this set of requirements for ASRG
 proposals are derived from the ASRG charter.  The charter
 states:

     "The purpose of the ASRG is to understand the problem
     and collectively propose and evaluate solutions to the
     problem. While some techniques focus on local text
     classification approaches, many traditional and
     evolving techniques include approaches that involve new
     network architectures or changes to the existing
     applications and protocols.
    =20
     ASRG will investigate the spam problem as a large-scale
     network problem. The ASRG will begin its work by
     developing a taxonomy of the problem and the proposed
     solutions. This taxonomy should involve casting the
     spam problem into different perspectives, such as
     examining the similarities between spam and denial-of-


Brand & Williams     Expires: Mmmmmmm D, YYYY            [Page 4]=20
=0CInternet-Draft            Requirements              May 29, 2003
    =20

     service; spam and intrusion detection/prevention; and
     spam and authentication, authorization, and accounting.
     ASRG will consider the issues of deployment for
     proposed solutions, emphasizing the investigation of
     methods that have a realistic chance of wide-scale
     deployment.
    =20
     The work of the ASRG will also include investigating
     techniques to evaluate the usefulness and cost of
     proposed solutions. Usefulness is described by the
     effectiveness, accuracy, and incentive structure of the
     system. The cost of the system refers to the burden
     imposed on users and operators of the communications
     system. These costs include any changes to the normal
     use of the system or actual changes in the monetary
     costs of using the system. The group will investigate
     evaluation infrastructures such as public trace data
     archives and research tools to measure and analyze the
     problem and the solutions.
    =20
     ASRG will not pursue research into legal issues of
     spam, other than the extent to which these issues
     affect, support, or constrain the technology."
=20
 This scope provides the basis framework for the development and
 evaluation of proposals.  This document provides the core
 requirements applied by the research group for evaluation of
 ASRG proposals.

1.3  Terminology
=20
 In an effort to develop a common reference point for the
 evaluation of proposals and solutions we have compiled the
 following list of commonly used terms relating to anti-[spam]
 technology and efforts.  The terms are presented in the
 sections that follow in alphabetical order.  In addition some
 specific applications/examples of techniques described are
 presented in Appendix [TBD].

1.3.1     Anti-spam (Requires consensus definition - RCD)

1.3.2     Bulk E-mail (RCD)

1.3.3     Caller (RCD)

1.3.4     Callback (RCD)

1.3.5     Challenge/Response System (RCD)

1.3.6     Consent (RCD)

1.3.7     Consent Based Communications (RCD)


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=0CInternet-Draft            Requirements              May 29, 2003


1.3.8     Commercial E-mail (RCD)

1.3.9     Domain Name System (DNS)

 A system for associating character based names with=20
 numerically based internet protocol addresses [3].  The DNS works
 with in the framework of internetwork communications to provide
 names (called domain names) to zones of authority.  The DNS is a
 facility for mapping user friendly names to transactional end=20
 point identifiers (IP addresses).  The DNS is heavily utilized by
 messaging systems to determine end point identifiers for message
 relays and message termination points[8].  A full definition of
 the operation of the DNS is outside of the scope of this
 document.

1.3.10    E-mail

 The term commonly used to describe a system of messaging based
 in a network of distributed systems and acted on by computer
 software and human actors.  E-mail is a method of communications
 used in Internet for multiple purposes too numerous to list in
 this definition.

1.3.11    False Negative

 In the context of this paper, a false negative is as defined
 in [7] and is determined after a message filter test. A False
 Negative (FN) is where a "Message fails to match the test
 criteria, but the criteria are not sufficiently strong."

1.3.12    False Positive

 In the context of this paper, a false positive is as defined
 in [7] and is determined after a message filter test. A False
 Positive (FP) is where a "Message matches test criteria but the
 criteria are too aggressive."

1.3.13    Legitimate Messaging (RCD)

1.3.14    Message Content

 That part of a messaging transaction that contains data as
 described by [4],[9].  Message content consists of=20
 RFC2822/RFC822 compliant data.

1.3.15    Message Envelope Forgery (RCD)

1.3.16    Message Envelope Protocol

 The protocol used during message transfer to insert message
 content into the message transfer system.  The primary envelope
 protocol used in Internet is defined in [5].  The message
 envelope protocol precedes the transfer of message content and

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 terminates message content transfer.

1.3.17    Message Header

 That part of message content that precedes the message body=20
 and/or dictates the methodology for parsing the message into
 message body parts as defined in [4],[6].

1.3.18    Message Header Forgery (RCD)

1.3.19    Message Origination

 The process of inserting an original or revised message into
 the message transfer system by an MUA, a human actor or any
 system in the network of systems that comprise the message
 transfer system.

1.3.20    Message Originator

 An actor, human or machine, that causes the insertion of an
 original or revised message into the message transfer system.

1.3.21    Message Transfer Agent
=20
 A Message Transfer Agent (MTA) is a system within the Message
 Transfer System that participates in message transport on the
 behalf of Message Originators.

1.3.22    Message Transfer System

 The definition of the Message Transfer System (MTS) is described
 by the following and associates elements in the MTS as follows:

        Message Transfer System
    +---> MTA <-> MTA <-> MTA <----+
    |      |               |       |
    |      V               V       |
   MUA <-> MS              MS <-> MUA

 The MTS also exhibits control points as described in [7]=20
 for addressing [spam].

1.3.23    Message User Agent

 A program or user interface that provides access for a human
 actor to the MTS and/or messages stored in a message store. A
 message user agent (MUA) provides the human friendly interface,
 if needed, for sending and receiving message transactions.
 It may also supply an user-level programming interface, for
 programmatic access to user functionality.  An MUA may=20
 also provide capabilities for editing, deleting, filtering,=20
 sorting and storing messages.  MUA features vary across=20
 platforms and implementations.  =20

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1.3.24    Message Store/Message Storage Agent

 A system that provides storage for messages, the system usually
 is acting on behalf of a human actor, but this is not required.
 An MUA may act on a local message store or may provide access=20
 to a remote message storage system, or both. In the latter sense
 the term message storage agent is typically used.  The term
 message store (MS) is usually, though not exclusively associated
 with a system where messages are stored prior to retrieval by an MUA. =20


1.3.25    Non Consent Based Communication (spam) (RCD)

1.3.26    Open Relay MTA

 An MTA which is configured to relay mail for local domains and
 foreign domains not associated with the MTA, without restricting
 access to the relay functions.  In essence an Open Relay MTA=20
 typically relays messages for known and unknown domains because=20
 of improper configuration.
=20
1.3.27    Opt-In (RCD)

1.3.28    Opt-Out (RCD)

1.3.29    Recipient/Receiver

 A computer system, application or process that is the final,
 terminating end of a messaging transmission sequence.  A
 receiver is engaged in the activity of receiving final=20
 delivery of a message comprising an message envelope and=20
 optional content.  A receiver usually is acting on behalf of
 a human actor, but this is not required.

1.3.30    Sender

 A computer system, application or process that is the origin,
 terminating end of a messaging transmission sequence. A sender
 is engaged in the activity of initial posting of a message=20
 comprising an message envelope and optional content. A sender=20
 usually is acting on behalf of a human actor, but this is not=20
 required.  Sender may also be a message header field [4].

1.3.31    Spammer (RCD)

1.3.32    Relay MTA

 An MTA configured to participate in a store-and-forward=20
 sequence between a sender's MTA and a receiver's MTA. The=20
 term Relay MTA is meant to apply to MTA systems that do not=20
 transact with MUAs, but only with other MTAs.



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1.3.33    Selective Relay MTA

 An MTA configured to recognize and participate in a
 store-and-forward sequence between a sender's MTA and a=20
 receiver's MTA but only for messages that are originated from
 known domains[8].  A Selective Relay MTA is distinguished from=20
 other Relay MTAs by performing authentication and/or=20
 origination checks before relaying a message.  The term=20
 Selective Relay MTA may apply to MTA systems that transact=20
 with MUAs, and with other MTAs.

1.3.34    Reverse DNS

 Term used to describe the process of using the DNS to query for a
 mapping from numeric end point identifier (IP address) to
 character based user friendly name (domain name).

1.3.35    Message Transfer Protocol

 For purposes of this document a Message Transfer Protocol=20
 describes a communications protocol used to communicate=20
 information between computer systems for the purpose of=20
 performing the exchange of application message data.  The=20
 protocol may provide reliable or unreliable communications. =20
 The Transfer Protocol is independent of message content,=20
 although it may impose other communications constraints.

1.3.36    Unsolicited Bulk E-Mail (RCD)

1.3.37    Unsolicited Commercial E-Mail (RCD)

1.4  Anti Spam Technical Framework
=20
 This document assumes the technical framework for anti-[spam]
 proposals using the terminology defined in Section 1.3, we
 assume the MTS is the primary means for transferring messages
 among senders and recipients.  The MTS consists of at least two
 MTAs, MUAs and MS systems.  The MTS relies on the DNS to
 locate network information about relevant systems.  The MTS
 uses various transport, envelope and message technologies that
 are well known to [spammers] and MTS applications.

 These are the only assumptions we make concerning approaches to
 proposals that will be evaluated.  Using that logic the
 following should not matter:
 =20
  o  Whether MTA, MUA, the MTS or some MTS component, e.g. MS; is
     the platform for the proposed solution.
  o  Whether the proposed solution is the specification of
     protocol extensions or an entirely new protocol.
  o  Whether the proposed solution uses existing technologies or
     leverages existing technology.


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1.5  Organization of Requirements
=20
 The requirements outlined in this document reflect the high
 level aspects for operational deployment of a solution.  For
 each requirement we will state the requirement as clearly as
 possible without attempting to dictate a specific idea.  Then
 the rationale for stating the requirement and its importance
 will be given along with its relative usefulness to a proposal
 or specification.  Optionally, we will provide an operational
 scenario describing how such a feature may be used in the
 environment being considered.  Scenario=92s are only illustrative
 of actions a feature might enable.
=20
 It is expected that proposals will at a minimum meet the
 requirements laid out in this document.  However, this document
 should only be used generally as a single criteria among others=20
 used to evaluate a proposal.  The ASRG may use additional=20
 metrics for evaluation of proposals of competing designs.

2.  Requirements

2.1  Use of existing RFCs
=20
 ASRG proposals SHALL reference and use previously published
 RFCs where possible.

2.1.1     Rationale:
=20
 The IETF has already completed a great deal of research and
 work into the areas of authentication, identification,
 authorization, messaging and messaging communications and other
 related protocols.  In order to facilitate the work of this
 group and its search for a solution it is wise to consider
 defined and accepted standards.

2.2  Inexpensive
=20
 The proposal MUST consider the computational and storage
 expense for users and technologies within the MTS utilizing the
 proposed approach.

2.2.1     Rational:
=20
 Any additional overhead imposed on systems in the operating
 environment may influence the level of deployment of the
 proposed approach.  To enhance deployment opportunities it is
 smart to consider the impact of the approach on computational
 and human resources.


=20



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2.3  Ease of Use
=20
 The approach SHALL consider the ease of use for message system
 managers, senders and recipients in all messaging situations.

2.3.1     Rationale:
=20
 For successful adoption by the user community proposals must
 provide support for typical and atypical messaging situations
 involving two or more parties.  Many different correspondent
 scenarios exist in the MTS a proposal which limits the ease of
 messaging in existing scenarios will limit adoption.

2.4  Ease of Deployment
=20
 The proposal SHOULD consider deployment on any basis and take
 into account existing systems deployed and operating in the
 MTS.

2.4.1     Rational:
=20
 Any solution to the problems with =91spam=92 should be easily
 deployed to facilitate either incremental or wide-spread
 adoption.  Existing systems will likely continue to be used,
 thus a solution that leverages existing technology or MTS =91anti-
 spam=92 implementations will also speed introduction.  A proposal
 that relies on non-existent infrastructure or technology is not
 likely to be deployed.

2.5  Interoperable
=20
 Proposals MUST be interoperable with existing MTS uses.

2.5.1     Rational:
=20
 In order to be widely deployed and functional in the existing
 environment the proposal must consider interoperation with
 legacy protocols and systems.  The existing MTS environment
 consists of web based messaging client, offline MUAs, MUAs that
 support direct access to MS and delivery to MTA relays, etc.

 Additionally, the platforms that manage messaging applications
 are also heterogeneous, designers must consider the practicality
 of operation using multiple operating systems and technologies.
 Proposals must not be specific to a single operating system or
 system platform.








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2.6  Highly Effective
=20
 The proposal MUST provide an effective solution and identify the
 subset of [spam] it will be effective against with Assumptions.

2.6.1     Rationale:
=20
 Although proposals may differ in approach all proposals will be
 evaluated using an appropriate application of the assumptions
 presented and the solution set described.  This will provide
 a consistent basis and measures for evaluation of the
 approach.

2.7  Persistently Effective
=20
 The proposal SHOULD provide more than a step in an environment
 of escalating countermeasures.

2.7.1     Rational:
=20
 Authors should consider the status quo concerning the
 development and deployment of stop-gap measures a failure.
 Solutions or research into the problem should present a
 threat analysis with the threat(s) being addressed, protection
 goals, possible countermeasures and defenses against those
 countermeasures over the longest period possible or that=20
 provably work forever.

2.8  Doesn't Interfere With The Delivery Of Legitimate Mail
=20
 The proposal MUST consider, address and keep at a minimum
 impacts on [legitimate] messaging traffic within the MTS.

2.8.1     Rationale:
=20
 Proposals must consider the reasons for successful widespread
 deployment of the current MTS: low latency, high
 deliverability, scalability, functionality for multiple content
 types, etc.  Authors should develop proposals that minimize
 impact in these critical areas for [legitimate] MTS uses.  Thus
 an optimal proposal will impact only [spam] and not
 [legitimate] messaging traffic.

2.9 Goal Oriented Solution

 The proposal SHOULD provide a carefully drafted scope of its
 goals and its effectiveness at addressing those goals. Systems
 SHOULD consider how they interoperate with other [anti-spam] systems.

2.9.1    Rationale:
=20
 A single solution that will work for all people is the optimum


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 solution.  However, designers should provide documentation that
 carefully scopes out the goals and effectively addresses them.
 Interoperation of [anti-spam] solutions may benefit the overall
 solution.  A solution that is optimal also impacts all of the
 problems associated with [spam], such as [list of problem terms].=20
 Approaches that impact a sub-domain of problems should be
 designed to leverage that approach with other approaches to
 broaden the overall solution.

2.10 Legislative and Policy Considerations
=20
 The proposal SHOULD consider how laws and policies affect, support
 or constrain the technology.

2.10.1    Rationale:
=20
 A proposal should consider how legal and policy issues affect,
 support, or constrain the technology. If a solution supports
 or is supported by particular legislation, then this should be
 explicitly stated. We encourage authors to understand the
 relationship between the technology and the legislation and=20
 effects of a solution on enforcement of legislation as it
 relates to aiding in enforcement.

2.11 Complexity
=20
 The proposal SHOULD strive for simplicity versus complexity.

2.11.1    Rationale:
=20
 Any technical solution that meets the criteria described for
 success should remain as simple as possible within the
 constraints of the methodology.  Regardless of the method used
 to address the problems of [spam], the proposal should be
 easily understood or described using simple terms.  The less
 complex the solution or a description of its functioning, the
 more likely the adoption by a wide audience.

2.12 Implement ability
=20
 Proposals MUST represent a methodology or technology that it is
 possible to implement.

2.12.1    Rationale:
=20
 While many theories for addressing and eradicating the problems
 being addressed exist only a sub-set of the possible universe
 of theories can be developed into a solution that can be
 successfully implemented.  In order to preserve the resources
 for evaluation of proposals and limit discussion of non-
 workable proposals, designers must present proposals where the
 consideration of ease of implementation, perceived

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 implementation difficulties, existing implementations,
 reference implementations, and/or interoperable implementations
 have been addressed.

2.13 Other Platforms
=20
 Proposals MAY consider methodologies that are effective on
 platforms and system alternatives to the traditional MTS.

2.13.1    Rationale:
=20
 Technologies are emerging and available as alternative
 messaging environments to the traditional MTS.  Designers may
 consider including specific or general methodologies that will
 interoperate with or integrate with these emerging and
 alternative technologies.  Methods that work with instant
 messengers, receive-only alphanumeric pagers, two-way
 alphanumeric pagers, and/or SMS/phone text messaging are some
 of the technologies that are considered good candidates for
 evaluation.

2.14 Accountability and Anonymity
=20
 Proposals MUST address issues of accountability and anonymity
 of MTS users, specifically message senders.

2.14.1    Rationale:
=20
 One of the most pernicious issues involving [spam] are related
 to accountability of the [spammers] who provide invalid or
 simulated information in order to =93game the system=94 provided by
 the current MTS.  Designers MUST describe the issues of
 accountability addressed by their proposal.  Message
 origination and message formatting forgery must be considered
 in designs, an optimal design would allow tracing of messages
 to the sending person, organization and/or system.

 Additionally, there is just cause for preserving sender
 anonymity and supporting the use of appropriate =91anonymization=92
 services that currently exist.  Designers must consider the
 impact of accountability by a proposal on these systems and=20
 address the issues related to preserving anonymity for=20
 [legitimate] uses.

3.  Security Considerations
=20
 This document does not address security matters.  However,
 security and privacy are important concerns that must be
 considered while developing a solution which deals with public
 and private correspondence.  Security considerations should be
 established by the ASRG but are not presently included.



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Informative References

 [1]  Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision
      3", BCP9, RFC 2026, October 1996.
=20
 [2]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
      Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

 [3]  Mockapetris, P., "Domain Name System", STD 13, RFC 1034
      and RFC 1035,  November 1987.

 [4]  Resnick, P., Ed., "Internet Message Format", RFC 2822, April
      2001.

 [5]  Klensin, J. "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", RFC 2821,
      April 2001.=20

 [6]  Freed, N. and  N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
      Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
      Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.

 [7]  Crocker, D. "Technical Considerations for Spam Control
      Mechanisms", work in progress, Internet-Draft
      draft-crocker-spam-techconsider-00.txt, April 2003.=20

 [8]  Partridge, C., "Mail Routing and the Domain System", STD
      14, RFC 974, January 1986.

 [9]  Crocker, D., "Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text
      Messages", RFC 822, August 1982.


Authors' Addresses
=20
 Rusell L. Brand
 Procinct Security Corporation
 870 Market Street, Suite 1105
 San Francisco, CA 94102
 US
=20
 EMail: Brand@responsible.com
 URI:   http://www.procinct.com/
=20
 Eric D. Williams
 Information Brokers, Inc.
 1309 S Street, SE
 Washington, DC 20020
 US
=20
 EMail: eric@infobro.com
 URI:   http://www.infobro.com/



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Full Copyright Statement
=20
 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003).  All Rights
 Reserved.
=20
 This document and translations of it may be copied and
 furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or
 otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be
 prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in
 part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above
 copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such
 copies and derivative works.  However, this document itself may
 not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright
 notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet
 organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing
 Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights
 defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or
 as required to translate it into languages other than English.
=20
 The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will
 not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or
 assigns.
=20
 This document and the information contained herein is provided
 on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET
 ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
 IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE
 OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY
 IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
 PARTICULAR PURPOSE.


Acknowledgements
=20
 Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by
 the Internet Society.

 The following individuals contributed substantially to this document
 and should be recognized for their efforts.  This document would not
 exist without their help:

 Dave Crocker           John Kyme          [william-at-elan.net]
 Alan DeKok             J C Lawrence
 Phillip Hallam-Baker   Steven F Siirila
 Jason Hihn             Brad Templeton
 Paul Judge             Jim Youll








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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
Message-Id: <200305300228.h4U2Spbw027834@calcite.rhyolite.com>
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
References: <01C3262E.F6068780.eric@infobro.com>
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 20:28:51 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>

> ...
>IMHO the only relevant header information to determine 'sender' forgery is the 
> Return-Path: field reported by the receiving server.  In this case I am 
> referring to the receiver that is presented at the recipient border that 
> interacts with the 'spamming' system or (if headers are not munged and are 
> legitimately preserved as recommended RFC2822 and RFC822) by the terminating 
> end of the store-and-forward message transfer.

I'm having trouble matching those words with the middle of page 50
and continuing through page 51, section 4.4 of RFC 2821.  RFC 2821
seems to me to say that the Return-Path header is ought to be a copy
of the envelop Mail_From value.  For example, 'the delivery SMTP server
makes the "final delivery"' doesn't sound like "the receiver that is
presented at the recipient border that interacts with the 'spamming' system."

Notice the text at the top of page 51:

   any further (forwarding, gateway, or relay) systems MAY remove the
   return path and rebuild the MAIL command as needed to ensure that
   exactly one such line appears in a delivered message.

In other words, I not happy with such talk about the Return-Path header.
As far as I can see, what matters is the value that is supposed to be
copied from the envelope Mail_From command to the Return-Path line.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 22:02:56 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>

> ...
> Barry again inserts (to me) an interesting point on 'spamming' tools e.g. 
> zombies and robots; introduced by surreptitious or malicious means e.g. 
> viruses. 

Yes, it was an interesting point.

>     I think there may be evidence, however, that these 'spamming' methods 
> do use clandestine communications channels to other compromised (or not) 
>systems to 'peruse' economically unproductive distribution.  I still think the 
> best way to a proof of this is to obtain some code for forensic analysis.  If 
> there is some [code] available I think that would be a valuable activity to 
> engage. ...

I do not understand that.  If you found some code and figured it out,
you would know at most what some spammers may have done in one case.
You would not know what other spammers or the same spammers might do
tomorrow.  If you failed to find any such code, you would only know
that you had failed to find such code, and could not conclude anything
about what any spammers did yesterday or will do tomorrow.

I don't see the point of such a forensic analysis.  This group is not
trying to convict a crook, fix a cause of death, figure out who did
what to whom, or any of the usual reasons to "[apply] scientific
knowledge to legal problems"
http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=forensic

Better is to 
  - discover the nature of the environment,
      Does AOL automatically blacklist IP addresses after a bunch
      of bad recipients?
  - figure out the resulting pressures on spammers and spamware,
      Bad entries in target lists hurt spammers that want to hit AOL.
   - predict the results of those pressures,
      Spammers will tend to honor 550s if they like hitting AOL.
   - check of that prediction.
      Do few, some, or many spammers that like hitting AOL honor 550s?

The code I wrote yesterday is related to the code I'll write tomorrow
only by my style and general interests.  If I hear of a good idea,
I'm likely to apply it.  I often abandon code and ideas that seemed
good yesterday in favor of new code because of new ideas, changing
requirements, or mere boredom.  There's no obvious reason why spammers
don't do the same.

Still, if you want spamware, there's plenty available.  No great
sleuthing is needed.  Ask one of the people in news.admin.net-abuse.email
who spends time talking to spammers for an introduction to the "bulk
barn" and similar forums, and then blandly ask for software, without
mentioning why you want it.  I'd probably start by asking
Shiksaa@spamhaus.org.  Steve Linford might also have some valuable
pointers.  Or check the Spamhaus and Sapient Fridge's spamware sites
listing; see http://www.spamfaq.net/spamfighting.shtml#halls_of_shame
Or look at the ads for spamware you get with
http://groups.google.com/groups?q=spamware+list+group%3A*abuse.email


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard
  errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 21:14:33 -0700

At 10:14 PM 5/29/03 -0400, Eric D. Williams wrote:
>On Thursday, May 29, 2003 5:30 PM, Barry Shein [SMTP:bzs@world.std.com] wrote:
>8<...>8
>> Yeah sure and I'm the King of the Gypsies...
>>
>> Maybe a better way to say that is:
>>
>>       Since IN THEORY there MIGHT exist a spamming program
>>       which responds to a permanent SMTP error...
>>
>> How is a virus-hijacked thrall server going to remove addresses or
>> even report the error back?
>
>Barry again inserts (to me) an interesting point on 'spamming' tools e.g. 
>zombies and robots; introduced by surreptitious or malicious means e.g. 
>viruses.  I think there may be evidence, however, that these 'spamming' methods 
>do use clandestine communications channels to other compromised (or not) 
>systems to 'peruse' economically unproductive distribution.  I still think the 
>best way to a proof of this is to obtain some code for forensic analysis.  If 
>there is some [code] available I think that would be a valuable activity to 
>engage.  I would be willing to contribute to that effort and will make analysis 
>and code available if I run across any.
>

Different spammers behave differently, have different software, 
capabilities, and adaptability.  It might be interesting to
examine some spamming software, but for it to be relevant, 
you'd need to connect it to actual sent spam and that's not easy.

A much simpler way to gather the data IMO, is to take a few spam 
traps and have them start rejecting with 5xx.  
Then count how many RCPT TOs they get compared to other spam trap
addresses that had a comparable amount but don't reject with 5xx.


Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>

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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 22:15:17 -0600

From: "Jamie Lawrence" <jal@jal.org>
>On Wed, 28 May 2003, John Fenley wrote:
> > I have writen a paper outlining the functioning of a system to help stop 
> > spam.
>
>This is not a technical paper. It reads like an ad for a product which
>seems not to exist.

I didn't say it was a technical paper, just a paper. If by ad you mean 
something to spread an idea and induce an effect in the reader then yes, it 
is an ad. You are also correct that the system does not exist yet, though I 
am working towards that goal.

>"The ChoiceList system does not have a revenue model. [...] national do
>not call registry.".
>
>I would assert that a decent system doesn't need one; a decent world
>would be one in which I pay you to accept my traffic, and you do what
>you will with that. It certainly does not need a government body to run
>it.

Government funding is just a suggestion to guarantee the longevity of the 
database.

>When you run for congress, bring your paper up - I'm sure it will be a
>hit.

Hopefully.

> > It supplys:
> > A PKI for authentication
>
>Thank you, drive through.
>

It is my understanding that a PKI can allow a receiver to verify that a 
message came from a particular source by checking a signature built from the 
message and the private portion of a Public/Private key pair against the 
public key. This would be easy and automatic with the system I propose.

Each sender could describe how they will verify their identity, then only 
mail that passes that verification will be delivered to the recipient. The 
authentication is optional, and the sender decides what it will be. The 
choicelist MUA would do all the work, and the process would be completely 
transparent to the recipient.

Maybe though, you were agreeing with me, or saying that the system would not 
supply that,  but i couldn't tell.

> > sender side whitelist updating
>
>Not a bad idea.
>
> > instant opt-out for the receiver
>
>| spamassassin -rw
>
>Make a button as you see fit for your mailer. But am I suddenly a
>criminal if I send mail in some other way? This is a real thing - I've
>built several mass emailers for direct opt-in only (yes, I'm pretty sure of 
>that, even though I don't work for them anymore) lists. What exactly is 
>going to be the syntax for the "instant opt-out"?

Nothing in this system prevents the use of spamassasin or any other filter. 
you should let choicelist do it's work first, but you don't have to.


There is not realy a set syntax.
Messages from a source just aren't delivered anymore if the user opts-out... 
hence instant.
If spam starts coming to you from a source in your choicelist, then you can 
remove that source from your list.
The sender would recieve an email to their transaction address describing 
the reason for delivery failure(if wanted) (format to be decided).

If you contact the person who has opted-out from your mailing, you must 
decide on your own what you believe is apropriate. Opting-Out just means 
they don't want automatic bulk mail from your choicelist identity. I would 
say that Opting-Out through Choicelist has no legal effect on non Choicelist 
mail because the Opt-Out is only a removal of an identity from a users 
personal Choicelist, not a true request to be removed aimed at the sending 
party. Though the sending party should realise that their mail isn't wanted.

I hadn't realy thought of that problem before...Thank You.

You wouldn't be a criminal if you don't have a choicelist entry, you just 
wouldn't get any of the advatages that a choicelist entry brings.
A person could send non choicelist mail to bypass an opt-out, but then the 
mail would have to get past the existing spam filters.
This system is only a helper to allow other spam filters to be more ruthless 
because Choicelist mail never gets filtered, so wanted automatic mail is 
never challenged or lost in the trash box. Most false positives are 
automated mailings from what i have heard.

> > + much more
>
>Yeah? Not trying to be a troll here. Do you have a spec?

I could try to make an exaustive list of what the system could do if that's 
what you want.

> > It requires:
> > almost nothing from users
>
>OK, that's good. Can you explain what it requires from server operators?
>Sometimes, they are the same.

What servers... MTA's?
To be compatable they must not filter mail before it gets to the MUA. .
that would mean no DNSBLs, no funky checks, no tweaks that drop mail... 
basicaly the Mail Transfer Agent would need to Transfer the mail. So if you 
are setting up a new MTA you do less than before.
This is to ensure that there are no false positives before the system can 
handle a message. false positives are a problem with those methods anyway.

If you are talking about a mail service provider... in order to provide 
Choicelist service to their users, the MUA supplied to their users would 
need to be modified to make use of the choicelist information, as well as 
supply the user interface.

If you have to filter mail before it gets to a choicelist MUA then you just 
won't be able to claim full choicelist compatability, but you could still 
use the system.

Sending mail servers need no modification at all.

> > www.choicelist.com/Choicelist.PDF
>
>Looks like you're running for office, or something.

I intend to run for president in 2016.

>I'm really not trying to pick a fight; I just don't like these
>vague do-what-I-say proposals, especially when they won't solve
>the problem. Reasons why they won't fix the problem are left to the
>reader.

I don't like the "It won't work...the reasons are obvious." type 
explanations. If you have a reason I will listen.

I saw a few main areas where email is weak at the spam forum. Choicelist 
seemed to me to provide a solution to them.

The problems I seek to fix with this are Sender authentication, Guaranteed 
delivery, and User mail preference/Opt-Out control.

I tried to be as specific and thourough as i could. What did i miss? Why 
won't it work? What do you see that I don't?

I tried to cover all the flaws that anyone has mentioned thus far.
Adoption is promoted because it will be easy to play around with...people 
will be using it effectively just by messing with it for 5 minutes. It will 
also be effective at extremely low adoption levels, and only get more 
benneficial at higher levels.
I prevent its use for political control by allowing the database to be 
distributed freely. This helps retain recipient privacy, and allows 
scalability.
It forces no changes to any existing system so it should cause no problems 
in that respect.
Nobody will be forced to use it. It will be used because it is good, easy 
and effective at what it will do.
What else must it have to be taken seriously? If you tell me then I can 
address those issues.

If you have reasons why it will not work, please tell me so that i can 
change the system to address it's weaknesses. I say at the end of the paper 
that it is a work in progress... if i see in the end that it is unworkable 
then i will try something else. So please, if you see a problem don't hide 
it, tell me.

There is no sense in pushing an Idea with major flaws... If my Idea has 
them, and they cannot be fixed, I would like to know what they are. I have 
no loyalty to flawed ideas.

John Fenley

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] (Position): Successful anti-spam techniques must avoid	 software patents
In-reply-to: Your message of Thu, 29 May 2003 21:44:01 EDT.
From: Vern Paxson <vern@icir.org>
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Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 23:48:30 -0700

Peter Kay writes:

> Is this discussion of IPR policy within the scope of this list's
> discussion?
> 
> I look at : 
> 
> http://www.irtf.org/asrg/
> 
> And read the posting guidelines which say all conversation must be
> related to the work items at
> 
> http://www.irtf.org/asrg/asrg-work-items.txt
> 
> and there's nothing there about IPR. Perhaps IPR is a bigger issue to be
> taken at higher levels.

Given that the IRTF does not have a formulated IPR policy, and that IPR
issues are potentially of significant concern to this RG due to the
participation of a number of folks from the commercial world, I don't have
a problem with productive discussion of IPR issues on the mailng list in
this context.

> As one who has patent-pending on an anti-spam technology, I've got a lot
> to say but won't if its inappropriate for this list.

If you are not willing to disclose where this potential IPR resides, then
Yes, I think it would be inappropriate to participate in discussions that
relate to it.  If you're willing to disclose its existence, then I think
participating is okay.

		Vern
_______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] (Position): Successful anti-spam techniques must avoid	 software patents
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Dear Vern,

Given that we're roughing out a (WG-sized) IPR policy, my suggestion
would be that "if you're willing to disclose IPR using the current draft
template from the IETF IPR working group, then participating
in discussions is OK".

Just to push the envelope a little on what "disclose" might look like...

I'm not saying we need to adopt the (proposed) IETF mechanism
in IRTF, only that the current draft of the disclosure template might
help a participant understand what "disclose" looks like.

Spencer

----- Original Message -----
From: "Vern Paxson" <vern@icir.org>
To: <asrg@ietf.org>
Sent: Friday, May 30, 2003 1:48 AM
Subject: Re: [Asrg] (Position): Successful anti-spam techniques must avoid
software patents


> Peter Kay writes:
>
> > Is this discussion of IPR policy within the scope of this list's
> > discussion?
> >
> > I look at :
> >
> > http://www.irtf.org/asrg/
> >
> > And read the posting guidelines which say all conversation must be
> > related to the work items at
> >
> > http://www.irtf.org/asrg/asrg-work-items.txt
> >
> > and there's nothing there about IPR. Perhaps IPR is a bigger issue to be
> > taken at higher levels.
>
> Given that the IRTF does not have a formulated IPR policy, and that IPR
> issues are potentially of significant concern to this RG due to the
> participation of a number of folks from the commercial world, I don't have
> a problem with productive discussion of IPR issues on the mailng list in
> this context.
>
> > As one who has patent-pending on an anti-spam technology, I've got a lot
> > to say but won't if its inappropriate for this list.
>
> If you are not willing to disclose where this potential IPR resides, then
> Yes, I think it would be inappropriate to participate in discussions that
> relate to it.  If you're willing to disclose its existence, then I think
> participating is okay.
>
> Vern
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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To me, this is the beauty of patents:  patent holders could and should
give full disclosure in groups like this and do not have to fear
infringement and/or loss of any IP.

So, to both below, I, personally am more than happy to completely "open
the kimono" let everyone know how this works. Because in a very real
sense, all I need to do is distribute the patent filing. All the gory
details are there.

Peter

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Spencer Dawkins [mailto:spencer@mcsr-labs.org] 
> Sent: Friday, May 30, 2003 1:59 AM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] (Position): Successful anti-spam 
> techniques must avoid software patents
> 
> 
> Dear Vern,
> 
> Given that we're roughing out a (WG-sized) IPR policy, my 
> suggestion would be that "if you're willing to disclose IPR 
> using the current draft template from the IETF IPR working 
> group, then participating in discussions is OK".
> 
> Just to push the envelope a little on what "disclose" might 
> look like...
> 
> I'm not saying we need to adopt the (proposed) IETF mechanism 
> in IRTF, only that the current draft of the disclosure 
> template might help a participant understand what "disclose" 
> looks like.
> 
> Spencer
> 
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Vern Paxson" <vern@icir.org>
> To: <asrg@ietf.org>
> Sent: Friday, May 30, 2003 1:48 AM
> Subject: Re: [Asrg] (Position): Successful anti-spam 
> techniques must avoid software patents
> 
> 
> > Peter Kay writes:
> >
> > > Is this discussion of IPR policy within the scope of this list's 
> > > discussion?
> > >
> > > I look at :
> > >
> > > http://www.irtf.org/asrg/
> > >
> > > And read the posting guidelines which say all 
> conversation must be 
> > > related to the work items at
> > >
> > > http://www.irtf.org/asrg/asrg-work-items.txt
> > >
> > > and there's nothing there about IPR. Perhaps IPR is a 
> bigger issue 
> > > to be taken at higher levels.
> >
> > Given that the IRTF does not have a formulated IPR policy, and that 
> > IPR issues are potentially of significant concern to this RG due to 
> > the participation of a number of folks from the commercial world, I 
> > don't have a problem with productive discussion of IPR 
> issues on the 
> > mailng list in this context.
> >
> > > As one who has patent-pending on an anti-spam technology, 
> I've got a 
> > > lot to say but won't if its inappropriate for this list.
> >
> > If you are not willing to disclose where this potential IPR 
> resides, 
> > then Yes, I think it would be inappropriate to participate in 
> > discussions that relate to it.  If you're willing to disclose its 
> > existence, then I think participating is okay.
> >
> > Vern
> > _______________________________________________
> > Asrg mailing list
> > Asrg@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> 
> 


_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: "'Vernon Schryver'" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Asrg] The level of discourse has degenerated... It ain't useful.
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	The kind of logic and the style of discussion which are shown in
the note below from Vernon Schryver are unfortunately becoming the
standard for this list. The result is, I believe, that the utility of
this list has all but been disipated. No matter what is proposed here,
there always seems to be a flury of comments, typically from the same
small group of high-volume contributors, that are much more focused on
trying to find problems than on helping to craft a solution. The result
is that progress is not being made.
	Basically Vernon's argument below is that "We can't know what
spammers do unless we are they and even if we did know, if we took any
action based on that knowledge, then they would simply work around
whatever we did." If this kind of logic is accepted, then this entire
discussion is a waste of everybody's time.
	I think the problem here is more the style of the discussion
than it is anything inherent to the problem space.

		bob wyman

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Vernon Schryver
Sent: Thursday, May 29, 2003 10:00 PM
To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard
errors "improves" C/R utility?)


> From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>

> >[..]
> >It would be really swell if people proposing or criticising 
> >mechanisms would pay attention to what they know (e.g. there's a lot 
> >of spam), what they strongly suspect (*some* spammers do or do not 
> >remove in response 550's), and what they wish (*most* spammers do or 
> >do not respond to 550's).
>
> Is there anyone out here that has some info on what spammers actually 
> do
> with "550" and other error codes?

Part of paying attention to what one knows, strongly suspects, and only
wishes ought to be distinguishing what can be known from that which
can't.

Only spammers know what they actually do with SMTP error codes, and they
only know what they and their closest colleagues do.  A description of
what "spammers actually do" in this context makes less sense than the
report of the committee of blind men describing the elephant, because
elephants don't change.  Whatever spammers do today, if they need to,
they might switch tomorrow.

What does it mean to talk about "spammers"?  There are only 500-1500
serious spammers today, but they use many different tools.  They often
use their tools quite differently.

Say you found that 87.345% of all spammers today respond to 550's. You
could not conclude (or know) anything about yesterday or tomorrow.

Would you count "spammers" by counting spammer noses or spam email? What
if one of the "leads clubs" manages to recruit 100 new "home workers"?
(Yes, I'm mixing species of spammers).  Whether you count noses or spam,
your percentage would surely be invalidated by whatever the new spammers
do.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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From: Kee Hinckley <nazgul@somewhere.com>
Subject: RE: ADV: (was Re: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in the
 House of Representative)
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Date: Fri, 30 May 2003 16:28:49 -0400

At 8:02 PM -0400 5/29/03, Eric D. Williams wrote:
>Just for the sake of performing some definition normalization, please (if you
>haven't already - I'll check the archives on this thread) define 
>'whitelisting'
>as it is being used in this discussion.
>
>What is a 'whitelist'?
>What is it to be 'whitelisted'?
>Does a 'whitelist' require certain attributes about the 'sender', if so, what
>attributes?
>Is a 'whitelist' the converse of a 'blacklist'?

Well, if no one else is going to pick up on this, I'll make a first pass.

Whitelist (v)
To add information to a whitelist (n).

Whitelist (n)
A list of attributes which is used to match against incoming email. 
Mail that matches a specified attribute or attributes is 
automatically passed through.  Attributes are generally pulled from 
the headers.  If it's information from the body it's more likely to 
be called "filtering".

Attributes
Most commonly people when people talk about whitelisting, they mean 
to let something through that is from a given user.  That typically 
means matching the address in the From: line.  The next most common 
attribute is the domain name of the sender.  However other attributes 
can be stored an used for whitelisting, including subject keywords, 
list identifiers, public key information, IP addresses and virtually 
anything else from the message headers.  Attributes are usually 
associated with the sender, but you can whitelist based on 
destination.  For instance some mail servers may have a whitelist 
address that always accepts email, even if it would normally be 
blocked.

vs. Blacklist
In theory it's the converse, but I don't think the usage is exactly 
equivalent.  For instance, it sounds odd to say that you blacklisted 
an address, although certainly people blacklist domains.  Also the 
two things aren't weighted in quite the same way, since when they go 
wrong, the results are very different.  Blacklisting leads to false 
positives.  Whitelisting can lead to false negatives.  Whitelisting 
can be abused by spammers, blacklisting cannot (other than by 
poisoning the blacklist).  So the results of using one or the other 
can be very different.
-- 
Kee Hinckley
http://www.messagefire.com/          Anti-Spam Service for your POP Account
http://commons.somewhere.com/buzz/   Writings on Technology and Society

I'm not sure which upsets me more: that people are so unwilling to accept
responsibility for their own actions, or that they are so eager to regulate
everyone else's.
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Subject: RE: ADV: (was Re: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in the House of Representative)
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Date: Fri, 30 May 2003 22:20:26 +0100

> At 8:02 PM -0400 5/29/03, Eric D. Williams wrote:
> >Just for the sake of performing some definition normalization, please
> (if you
> >haven't already - I'll check the archives on this thread) define 
> >'whitelisting'
> >as it is being used in this discussion.
> >
> Well, if no one else is going to pick up on this, I'll make a first pass.
> 
> Whitelist (v)
> To add information to a whitelist (n).
> 
> Whitelist (n)
> A list of attributes which is used to match against incoming email. 
> Mail that matches a specified attribute or attributes is 
> automatically passed through.  Attributes are generally pulled from 
> the headers.  If it's information from the body it's more likely to 
> be called "filtering".
> 

Hmm...

> Most commonly people when people talk about whitelisting, they mean 
> to let something through that is from a given user.  That typically 
> means matching the address in the From: line.  The next most common 
> attribute is the domain name of the sender.  However other attributes 
> can be stored an used for whitelisting, 


I think the common usage (for "users") is generally limited to "filtering"
based on the commonly exposed headers; Subject, To, From, etc. Admins
(rather than users) will often white/black list by IP (& IP range) as well.
The common element is some lookup of some obvious ("easily" determined)
message attribute in some list, and carrying out some accept/reject/modify
policy based on the result.





--
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On May 30, 2003 at 05:28 jason@mastaler.com (Jason R. Mastaler) wrote:
 > Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com> writes:
 > > But I'd be worried about people who are only casually responding to
 > > you and see this and like me say oh yeah right like I have nothing
 > > better to do today than visit a web site and do god knows what for
 > > every email I get...
 > 
 > This isn't a practical concern in my experience.  People mistakenly
 > have the impression that sending an e-mail serves only the needs of
 > the recipient, while in reality this is not the case at all.  The
 > sender wouldn't have sent the message if it didn't serve some need of
 > their own.

The sort of example I was thinking of was asking for help on a mailing
list, say for a technical question (or refinancing a mortgage advice,
whatever), and the response going to the sender not the whole list.

I'll answer such inquiries, a quick check on google would probably
confirm I've answered many thousand such queries, but I think if I
were then confronted with a C/R requiring me to go web site etc I'd
say "good luck buddy!"

Most of my point really was the web addr which can often mean firing
up a browser etc. If it were just a matter of responding in e-mail I'd
be more inclined to respond.

Again, just an impression, if people like them more power to them, I
certainly don't believe they should be outlawed or anything.

I mostly responded because I've never been confronted with having to
go to a web site as a response.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*
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On May 29, 2003 at 18:27 vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com (Vernon Schryver) wrote:
 >> From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>
 >
 >> I think we first need to deal with this (I'll assert) fantasy that
 >> spammers see a 550 or removed an address from their lists because of
 >> one with any significant frequency.
 > ...
 > It would be really swell if people proposing or criticising mechanisms
 > would pay attention to what they know (e.g. there's a lot of spam),
 > what they strongly suspect (*some* spammers do or do not remove in
 > response 550's), and what they wish (*most* spammers do or do not
 > respond to 550's).

Ok, I'll bite, how do you know I don't know this? (tongue slightly in
cheek.)

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
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On May 29, 2003 at 19:59 vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com (Vernon Schryver) wrote:
 > Say you found that 87.345% of all spammers today respond to 550's.
 > You could not conclude (or know) anything about yesterday or tomorrow.

David Hume (1711-1776); just because the sun rose this morning offers
no certain proof that it will rise again tomorrow (not a quote, my
summary, his language is kind of dense and archaic.) See:

          http://eserver.org/18th/hume-enquiry.html

At any rate, I wholeheartedly agree that it'd be nice to come to a
meeting of them minds viz spammers' modus operandi.

Since World's mail queues are forever flooded with spam trying to
bounce back, mostly with User Unknowns, and never get anywhere since
the apparent returned host isn't interested my impressions are based
on a little more than hearsay.



-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
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I suppose the quickest way to get some small measure on this question
of to what extent spammers remove addresses on 5xx codes is to
honeypot some addresses, wait a while until they're being spammed, and
then begin returning 5xx codes for them and see if it makes any
measurable difference in the traffic.

The hard part there is "honeypotting" in a meaningful way soas not to
overly bias the sample.

I'll guess it'd take a few weeks to run such an experiment full cycle.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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On May 29, 2003 at 21:14 scott@spamwolf.com (Scott Nelson) wrote:
 > A much simpler way to gather the data IMO, is to take a few spam 
 > traps and have them start rejecting with 5xx.  
 > Then count how many RCPT TOs they get compared to other spam trap
 > addresses that had a comparable amount but don't reject with 5xx.

Ooops, great minds run in the same gutter, sorry for also suggesting
this later on before reading through my backlog.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

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> From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>

>  > Say you found that 87.345% of all spammers today respond to 550's.
>  > You could not conclude (or know) anything about yesterday or tomorrow.
>
> David Hume (1711-1776); just because the sun rose this morning offers
> no certain proof that it will rise again tomorrow (not a quote, my
> summary, his language is kind of dense and archaic.) See:
>
>           http://eserver.org/18th/hume-enquiry.html
>
> At any rate, I wholeheartedly agree that it'd be nice to come to a
> meeting of them minds viz spammers' modus operandi.

A difference between spammers and the sun is that we know that spammers
have frequently changed in recent past.  If you look at much of the
spam you've often complained about, you know that every week brings
at least one new spammer trick.  For example, I've recently seen a
new variation of the familiar quoted-printable tactics of obscuring
domain names in bodies.  The change looks like new spamware.  There
was also the use of a dotted hex quad to hide IP addresses which is
new only in the sense that I'd not seen it for many months.

Say that you did find that 87.345% (or whatever) of all spammers today
respond to 550's.  Instead of sarcasm, please say what you would
conclude about next month.  How much money would you bet on your answer?


> Since World's mail queues are forever flooded with spam trying to
> bounce back, mostly with User Unknowns, and never get anywhere since
> the apparent returned host isn't interested my impressions are based
> on a little more than hearsay.

We all so strongly suspect that *some* spammers don't honor 550s that
we know it.  However, the fact that you see zillions of bounces is
not evidence for our common knowledge.  As stated, your impression is
worse than hearsay, because it does not exclude other obvious explanations.

You are doing something bad by insisting that current knowledge about
something we know spammers could easily change and have changed is
the same sort of knowledge as whether the sun will rise tomorrow.
Worse is your demand for belief in your version of the ephemeris based
only vague references to your enormous experience and authority.
Please don't just mention your mail queues' floods, but say what you
see in a way that can be falsified.

It is a waste to try to stop what you wish spammers would do or what
they once did.  If you want that uselessness, you could write a simple
filter to reject mail with senders considering of a 8-digit username
@aol.com.  I trust you remember when most spam fit that profile.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg



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Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard  errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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From: "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
To: "Barry Shein" <bzs@world.std.com>, "Scott Nelson" <scott@spamwolf.com>
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Good news:

We've been "dogfooding" The Titan Key since around Jan of this year. If
the group is interested, we'd be happy to provide database logs of spam
"attacks" against email addresses that return a 550. I can't guarantee
all the data is "there" but it will at least prove insightful.

I'll wait to see the responses and if positive, I'll post off our Web
site.

Peter Kay
President
TitanKey Software
direct: 808-377-9221.  Web: www.titankey.com
The only technology that stops spam BEFORE it's even sent


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Barry Shein [mailto:bzs@world.std.com] 
> Sent: Friday, May 30, 2003 1:03 PM
> To: Scott Nelson
> Cc: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP 
> hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
> 
> 
> 
> On May 29, 2003 at 21:14 scott@spamwolf.com (Scott Nelson) 
> wrote:  > A much simpler way to gather the data IMO, is to 
> take a few spam 
>  > traps and have them start rejecting with 5xx.  
>  > Then count how many RCPT TOs they get compared to other 
> spam trap  > addresses that had a comparable amount but don't 
> reject with 5xx.
> 
> Ooops, great minds run in the same gutter, sorry for also 
> suggesting this later on before reading through my backlog.
> 
> -- 
>         -Barry Shein
> 
> Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | 
> http://www.TheWorld.com
> Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 
> 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
> The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 
> 1989     *oo*
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> 
> 


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Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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On May 30, 2003 at 17:30 vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com (Vernon Schryver) wrote:
 > > At any rate, I wholeheartedly agree that it'd be nice to come to a
 > > meeting of them minds viz spammers' modus operandi.
 > 
 > A difference between spammers and the sun is that we know that spammers
 > have frequently changed in recent past.  If you look at much of the
 > spam you've often complained about, you know that every week brings
 > at least one new spammer trick.

I agree 100%, or at least 87.345%.

 > For example, I've recently seen a
 > new variation of the familiar quoted-printable tactics of obscuring
 > domain names in bodies.  The change looks like new spamware.  There
 > was also the use of a dotted hex quad to hide IP addresses which is
 > new only in the sense that I'd not seen it for many months.

I've lately been seeing them rotating case of domains between msgs and
then base64 encoding that,

	<A HREF="http://wWw.HoOp-dirECT.com">

	<A HREF="http://WwW.hOoP-DIrEcT.com">

which makes it harder to just match on the base64 encoding.

 > Say that you did find that 87.345% (or whatever) of all spammers today
 > respond to 550's.  Instead of sarcasm, please say what you would
 > conclude about next month.  How much money would you bet on your answer?
 > 
 > 
 > > Since World's mail queues are forever flooded with spam trying to
 > > bounce back, mostly with User Unknowns, and never get anywhere since
 > > the apparent returned host isn't interested my impressions are based
 > > on a little more than hearsay.
 > 
 > We all so strongly suspect that *some* spammers don't honor 550s that
 > we know it.  However, the fact that you see zillions of bounces is
 > not evidence for our common knowledge.  As stated, your impression is
 > worse than hearsay, because it does not exclude other obvious explanations.
 > 
 > You are doing something bad by insisting that current knowledge about
 > something we know spammers could easily change and have changed is
 > the same sort of knowledge as whether the sun will rise tomorrow.
 > Worse is your demand for belief in your version of the ephemeris based
 > only vague references to your enormous experience and authority.
 > Please don't just mention your mail queues' floods, but say what you
 > see in a way that can be falsified.
 > 
 > It is a waste to try to stop what you wish spammers would do or what
 > they once did.  If you want that uselessness, you could write a simple
 > filter to reject mail with senders considering of a 8-digit username
 > @aol.com.  I trust you remember when most spam fit that profile.

Don't you have the positive and negative propositions swapped here?

I said I doubt handing spammers 5xx's is going to do much good in the
long run, probably won't do much good now either.

I think it's up to someone asserting that handing them 5xx's will do
some good to support their assertion.

In general it seems more conservative to assume that if there's an
easy way around a "block" (e.g., ignore those 5xx's) a spammer will
take it.

The only exception I see off-hand are gray-area spammers who might be
subject to IP blocking, or those who use spamhauses, or similar, so
are concerned about sites which block IPs when they produce too many
User Unknowns.

Anyhow, an empirical method to see if this approach works at all, not
that I see how it really fits in to the big picture (if you already
know it's spam and thus to respond with 5xx then the problem is solved
already, no?), has been proposed here now.

-- 
        -Barry Shein

Software Tool & Die    | bzs@TheWorld.com           | http://www.TheWorld.com
Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: 617-739-0202        | Login: 617-739-WRLD
The World              | Public Access Internet     | Since 1989     *oo*
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To: "Yakov Shafranovich" <research@solidmatrix.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard   errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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Let's look at this:

a) I am a sender with a CRI system and send a message to a recipient with a
CRI system.  My CRI system remembers I sent a message to a particular
recipient.
b) The recipient receives my message and holds it.  The recipient sends me a
challange message with CRI headers.
c) My system responds to the challenge message using CRI headers.
d) The message is released and sent to the recipient.

I'm not sure how SMTP headers would benefit us over RFC822 X- headers.  The
message still has to be temporarily stored by the C/R system.  In addition,
we do not find that our C/R system cache gets overly large.  We drop a lot
of spam just by having the challenge bounce.

> What I meant is something that I mentioned in a prior post - ability for
> C/R systems to interoperate at the SMTP level not just mail
> messages level.
> This would save a lot of bandwidth and storage space.

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From: Vernon Schryver <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>
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To: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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> From: Barry Shein <bzs@world.std.com>

> ...
> I've lately been seeing them rotating case of domains between msgs and
> then base64 encoding that,
> 	<A HREF="http://wWw.HoOp-dirECT.com">
> 	<A HREF="http://WwW.hOoP-DIrEcT.com">
> which makes it harder to just match on the base64 encoding.

I think rotating cases are weeks old for "Bill Zhang/Hu Scott/-
Zhanghailun/Dereck Jonson/et al."  In the last few dozen hours it has
switched to rotating case and quoted-printable or %-encoding.  I think
I've recently seen it in others I thought were not the same spammer.
Base64 encoding was very popular, faded, and has come back a little.
I assume most defenses that were not already decoding base64 have been
changed and perhaps SpamAssassin or some other major filter is now
penalizing base64 like <!--HTML-comments-->.  But this tactical chatter
is not relevant to a strategic research group.


> ...
>  > Say that you did find that 87.345% (or whatever) of all spammers today
>  > respond to 550's.  Instead of sarcasm, please say what you would
>  > conclude about next month.  How much money would you bet on your answer?

> ...
> I said I doubt handing spammers 5xx's is going to do much good in ...

I don't know about that, but you did support the value of measuring
current 5yz behavior.  The only profits I see in such measurements
are disproving claims that it always happens or can't/never happens,
honing skills and tools for looking at spam, and tweaking defenses for
the next few weeks.  The second might be good training or tool
development.  The last might be relevant in a tactical forum like
SPAM-L or NANAE, but not here.


> ...
> In general it seems more conservative to assume that if there's an
> easy way around a "block" (e.g., ignore those 5xx's) a spammer will
> take it.

That's why worrying about current precise 5yz behavior is wrong
without compelling logic showing that it won't change.

Information is neither a baseless prejudice nor a careful measurement
that will be a wrong, baseless prejudice tomorrow.


> The only exception I see off-hand are gray-area spammers who might be
> subject to IP blocking, or those who use spamhauses, or similar, so
> are concerned about sites which block IPs when they produce too many
> User Unknowns.
>
> Anyhow, an empirical method to see if this approach works at all, not
> that I see how it really fits in to the big picture (if you already
> know it's spam and thus to respond with 5xx then the problem is solved
> already, no?), has been proposed here now.

Knowing how often 5yz's are honored can be good tactical intelligence,
but this is a strategic research group.  The opposites of baseless
assertions are not useless data.  Assuming we agree the real value is
neither 0% nor 100%, good measurements of 5yz behavior are as inapproprate
here as unfounded claims about 5yz behavior.  Good measurements of 5yz
honoring today will be unfounded claims tomorrow.

Good measurements of 5yz behavior is as useless as base64 line lengths.
RFC 1341 and replacements say that they should be at most 70 bytes,
and most legitimate mail and spam use fewer.  However, I've had to
make my code decode base64 lines of several 1000 bytes to handle some
spam.  Does it matter whether those illegal MIME spam are 1% or 0.01%
instead of the 0.1% I estimate?--not here.  It also does not matter
here whether 87% or 8.7% of spammers honor 5yzs.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Yes

> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Jason
> R. Mastaler
> Sent: Thursday, May 29, 2003 6:31 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] Re: Brad Templeton's C/R Guidelines
> 
> 
> "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com> writes:
> 
> > Also, we monitor the bounces of the challenges to auto-block bogus
> > senders.
> 
> How are you doing this?  Is this done in the SMTP transaction?
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
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Scott Nelson wrote:

> I know striker.ottawa.on.ca has a lot of addresses on a lot of spam lists,
> but checking the last 20,000 spams I received, not a single one 
> has the word "striker" in it anywhere.

I had an opportunity to compare striker with our spamtraps.  They were 
forging each other.

We have 1/1000th the number of users as AOL.  Our email addresses are 
being forged several thousand times per day...

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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Scott Nelson'" <scott@spamwolf.com>, "asrg@ietf.org" <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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On Friday, May 30, 2003 12:15 AM, Scott Nelson [SMTP:scott@spamwolf.com] wrote:
> At 10:14 PM 5/29/03 -0400, Eric D. Williams wrote:
> >On Thursday, May 29, 2003 5:30 PM, Barry Shein [SMTP:bzs@world.std.com]
> >wrote:
> >8<...>8
> >> Yeah sure and I'm the King of the Gypsies...
> >>
> >> Maybe a better way to say that is:
> >>
> >>       Since IN THEORY there MIGHT exist a spamming program
> >>       which responds to a permanent SMTP error...
> >>
> >> How is a virus-hijacked thrall server going to remove addresses or
> >> even report the error back?
8<...>8

> Different spammers behave differently, have different software,
> capabilities, and adaptability.  It might be interesting to
> examine some spamming software, but for it to be relevant,
> you'd need to connect it to actual sent spam and that's not easy.

I do not see that as a significant hurdle that could not be created in a 
laboratory setting.  The interesting bit to me would/will be that in such an 
environment all aspects of the process could be subject to analysis.  That 
analysis could also lead to a tactical or strategic advantage and/or identify 
tactical or strategic weakness we may not be aware of, regardless of the 
potentials if this type of analysis has not been done we can not 'know' as has 
been said 'anything' more.

> A much simpler way to gather the data IMO, is to take a few spam
> traps and have them start rejecting with 5xx.
> Then count how many RCPT TOs they get compared to other spam trap
> addresses that had a comparable amount but don't reject with 5xx.

That indeed is also a good testing venue, however fundamentally different than 
what I am positing.  I'm certainly amenable to any viable test method and would 
welcome such results but having a controlled environment with an ability to 
manipulate each variable independently and gauge the 'potential' adaptability 
metrics is still, I think, worthwhile.

-e
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From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
To: "'Vernon Schryver'" <vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com>,
        "asrg@ietf.org"
	 <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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On Friday, May 30, 2003 12:03 AM, Vernon Schryver 
[SMTP:vjs@calcite.rhyolite.com] wrote:
> > From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
>
> > ...
> > Barry again inserts (to me) an interesting point on 'spamming' tools e.g.
> > zombies and robots; introduced by surreptitious or malicious means e.g.
> > viruses.
>
> Yes, it was an interesting point.
>
> >     I think there may be evidence, however, that these 'spamming' methods
> > do use clandestine communications channels to other compromised (or not)
> >systems to 'peruse' economically unproductive distribution.  I still think
> >the best way to a proof of this is to obtain some code for forensic 
analysis.
> >  If there is some [code] available I think that would be a valuable 
activity to
> >  engage. ...
>
> I do not understand that.  If you found some code and figured it out,
> you would know at most what some spammers may have done in one case.
> You would not know what other spammers or the same spammers might do
> tomorrow.  If you failed to find any such code, you would only know
> that you had failed to find such code, and could not conclude anything
> about what any spammers did yesterday or will do tomorrow.

That may be true (speciously however), what you would know if you could obtain 
such [code] is a present starting point for 'spammer adaptability' using 
particular tools.  You could, I think, infer some metrics from whatever results 
you could derive and gain insight into the paths presently available for 
further adaptability.

> I don't see the point of such a forensic analysis.  This group is not
> trying to convict a crook, fix a cause of death, figure out who did
> what to whom, or any of the usual reasons to "[apply] scientific
> knowledge to legal problems"
> http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=forensic

This is not the only reason for 'forensics' - forensic analysis is also 
presenting information as a predicate for public debate.

> Better is to
>   - discover the nature of the environment,
>       Does AOL automatically blacklist IP addresses after a bunch
>       of bad recipients?

A good question.

>   - figure out the resulting pressures on spammers and spamware,
>       Bad entries in target lists hurt spammers that want to hit AOL.

I would add how/in what technical framework (given the present state or 
sophistication of technology) does this impact 'spammer adaptability' and 
spamware?

>    - predict the results of those pressures,
>       Spammers will tend to honor 550s if they like hitting AOL.

That is one prediction, but it lacks the insight into the technical 
adaptability of 'spamware', to me that a 'spammer' would do something is 
rightly pointed out in your previous bullet "the ... pressures on spammers and 
spamware" the so called pressures would not IMHO be limited to a single 
recourse, e.g. "Spammers will tend ...".  It may be "Spammers will opt for menu 
selection number 4 - address mirroring, correlation attack"

>    - check of that prediction.
>       Do few, some, or many spammers that like hitting AOL honor 550s?

Unknowable, unless you are a 'spammer'.

> The code I wrote yesterday is related to the code I'll write tomorrow
> only by my style and general interests.  If I hear of a good idea,
> I'm likely to apply it.  I often abandon code and ideas that seemed
> good yesterday in favor of new code because of new ideas, changing
> requirements, or mere boredom.  There's no obvious reason why spammers
> don't do the same.

That is an interesting point, however whatever coding style you choose would be 
engineered to solve a problem.  That is the goal of forensic analysis in this 
case by my estimation - through public discourse to determine the challenges 
for spammers and the available architectures to address them (their code should 
reveal the engineering problem they are trying to solve, style is irrelevant). 
 IMHO, we may benefit from knowing what problems the 'spammer' really is 
facing, and by that architect countermeasures based on that problem space.

> Still, if you want spamware, there's plenty available.  No great
> sleuthing is needed.  Ask one of the people in news.admin.net-abuse.email
> who spends time talking to spammers for an introduction to the "bulk
> barn" and similar forums, and then blandly ask for software, without
> mentioning why you want it.  I'd probably start by asking
> Shiksaa@spamhaus.org.  Steve Linford might also have some valuable
> pointers.  Or check the Spamhaus and Sapient Fridge's spamware sites
> listing; see http://www.spamfaq.net/spamfighting.shtml#halls_of_shame
> Or look at the ads for spamware you get with
> http://groups.google.com/groups?q=spamware+list+group%3A*abuse.email

Once again Vernon thanks for the pointers to information.  Do you think it 
could be determined whether the 'readily' available software is the same that 
is utilized by the small number of 'serious' spammers?

-e
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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Date: Fri, 30 May 2003 21:38:01 -0700

On Fri, May 30, 2003 at 05:30:29PM -0600, Vernon Schryver wrote:
[...]

> Say that you did find that 87.345% (or whatever) of all spammers today
> respond to 550's.  Instead of sarcasm, please say what you would
> conclude about next month.  How much money would you bet on your answer?

The thread of this discussion, I believe, went as follows: 1) someone
made a claim that most spammers observe 550's and remove the
corresponding addresses from their lists.  2) various people then
responded that in their opinion many/most spammers ignore 550s.  3) if I
understand correctly, you claim that spammers' behavior can't be
presumed to follow any particular rules. 

It seems to me that 3 is completely consistent with 2, and in fact,
almost implies it, and that they both contradict 1: That is, if we
accept your premise that spammers won't follow predictable rules, then
it follows that a substantial percentage of them won't pay attention to
550 responses (otherwise they would be predictabled), and therefore,
point 1 is false. 

The fundamental point is that we can't count on spammers honoring 550s.  

Kent

-- 
Kent Crispin                               "Be good, and you will be
Manager of Technical Operations, ICANN      lonesome."
crispin@icann.org,kent@songbird.com                    -- Mark Twain
               p: +1 310 823 9358  f: +1 310 823 8649
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Message-ID: <01C3270D.D118FE00.eric@infobro.com>
From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>
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Subject: [Asrg] IP cross post (interesting RMX reception...)
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In the spirit of Yakov, here is an interesting cross-post from Dave Farber's IP 
list.
This is not intending to advocate RMX or any other proposal, I am merely 
forwarding it to give a perspective to some admittedly anecdotal reception of 
Hadmut's RMX proposal.

-e

==== Forwarded Message ====
On Friday, May 30, 2003 7:15 PM, Dave Farber [SMTP:dave@farber.net] wrote:

>Date: Fri, 30 May 2003 18:26:18 -0400
>From: Meng Weng Wong <mengwong@dumbo.pobox.com>
>Subject: ReverseMX: review and suggestions
>To: Dave Farber <dave@farber.net>
>
>
>On Fri, May 30, 2003 at 04:04:36PM -0400, Dave Farber wrote:
>| >Spam blockers may wreak e-mail havoc
>| >   By Declan McCullagh
>
>Content analysis, exemplified by Bayesian filtering, can only go so far.
>
>The best idea I've seen yet is Reverse MX.
>
>Reverse MX provides a mechanism in DNS for domains to vouch for
>certain IP addresses; MTAs which subscribe to the ReverseMX philosophy
>will only accept messages whose sender domains match the published RMX
>ip addresses.
>
>This concept should have been in SMTP and DNS from the very beginning.
>It's backed by the Anti-Spam Research Group at IETF.
>
>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-danisch-dns-rr-smtp-01.txt
>
>Reverse MX allows Hotmail, Yahoo, and other commonly-forged sender
>domains to protect their names.  Spammers will have to instead forge
>sender domains which have not set up ReverseMX entries in their DNS.
>If ReverseMX is widely adopted, only those domains who do not have
>ReverseMX set up will show up in forged spam sender addresses.  This
>encourages domain owners to set up RMX because it is costly to handle
>the resulting bounce messages and misinformed abuse complaints.
>
>Spam blacklists can then become domain-specific.  Right now most
>blacklists go by IP network and for political reasons will blacklist
>an entire hosting provider's IP range in an attempt to pressure them
>to enforce their AUP against a single spamming customer.  I consider
>the collateral damage unacceptable; blacklists such as SPEWS cause
>more trouble to nonspammers than to spammers.  With ReverseMX,
>blacklists will contain two types of domains: known spamming domains,
>and known "non-RMX-compliant" domains which are the 21st century moral
>equivalent of the open relay.
>
>The biggest objection to ReverseMX comes from travellers who want to
>send mail from their regular email address from foreign SMTP servers.
>The solution is easy: they should connect to their home SMTP server
>and authenticate using SASL.
>
>ReverseMX is backward compatible;
>it should have been built into SMTP and DNS from the start;
>it requires only a few new entries in an existing DNS zone;
>in the case of small systems or lazy sysadmins, it can be intuited from
>existing MX records;
>it is easily implementable in all major opensource MTAs such as sendmail,
>postfix, exim, qmail.
>
>I recommend it.
>
>Note 1: Unfortunately, existing antispam vendors cannot be expected to
>champion ReverseMX for obvious reasons.
>
>Note 2: DNS may be an imperfect platform, but it's better than
>commercial PKI.  I give Verisign enough money already.
>
>To encourage adoption, the authors of the major opensource MTAS could
>simply declare, by fiat, an arbitrary date by which the ReverseMX
>feature should be considered widely adopted.  That allows institutions
>and ISPs to plan for the change, resulting in a smooth transition.
>Without such a declaration, it's harder for everyone to work together
>to get over the energy barrier.  A generally accepted adoption date
>lends justification to ISPs who choose to reject mail on the basis of
>RMX failure.
>
>Sometime in the next six months,
>
>1) Standard DNS software such as BIND and djbdns should support the
>    extensions required for RMX on an experimental, development basis;
>
>2) commercial and opensource MTAs should be patched to support RMX
>    lookups and record a pass/fail status for each message in syslog
>    and also as a new header in the message itself:
>
>3) An RMX RFC should extend the RFC2822 standard headers with
>    (in order of increasing severity)
>
>      Received-RMX: pass (client sasl.smtp.pobox.com[64.49.196.25]
>         in RMX list for domain of sender mengwong@pobox.com)
>
>      Received-RMX: error (temporary failure while resolving RMX list for
> domain of sender mengwong@pobox.com)
>
>      Received-RMX: unknown (domain of sender mengwong@pobox.com has no
> RMX records)
>
>      Received-RMX: fail (client
> 194.red-80-34-201.pooles.rima-tde.net[80.34.201.194]
>         not in RMX list for domain of sender carolcrowooxh@aol.com)
>
>4) more ISPs should begin to support SASL authentication for their
>    users, in addition to IP-based relaying.  This is already happening.
>
>Then, in the six months before the worldwide activation date, a media
>campaign should raise awareness in the Internet industry of the
>impending adoption date, so sysadmins everywhere have time to upgrade
>their DNS and MTA software, and if necessary purchase new versions
>from commercial vendors.  ISPs should notify customers that if they
>plan to travel outside the local network, they need to configure their
>MUAs for SASL SMTP.
>
>I propose a worldwide adoption date of July 4th, 2004.
>
>On this date, ISPs should be generally expected to have RMX records
>for their domains, and if they bias as spam all mail from domains
>without RMX records, that action should be considered justified.
>Explicitly whitelisted addresses can still get through, but apart from
>those, non-RMX compliant domains can be considered as much a spam
>haven as an open relay.
>
>ISPs who presently subscribe to blacklists will, presumably, start
>blocking on the basis of RMX after that date.
>
>For more information, see http://www.mikerubel.org/computers/rmx_records/

==== End Forwarded Message ====

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Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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Date: Fri, 30 May 2003 23:04:18 -0600 (MDT)

> From: "Eric D. Williams" <eric@infobro.com>

> ...
> such [code] is a present starting point for 'spammer adaptability' using 
>particular tools.  You could, I think, infer some metrics from whatever results 
> you could derive and gain insight into the paths presently available for 
> further adaptability.

> ...
> I would add how/in what technical framework (given the present state or 
> sophistication of technology) does this impact 'spammer adaptability' and 
> spamware?

What that about metrics, paths, and sophisticated technology?  Don't
you ever throw out an entire modest package (say <20K lines) and
rewrite it from scratch?  Are you assuming that spamware is not so
minor that it can't be (re)written from scratch in days?  Judging by
its output, the desirable aspects of any spamware could be duplicated
by a comptent programmer in less than a week.  Judging from my
experience, a nice WIN32 GUI could take a lot longer, but the meat of
the engine of any spamware package is almost trivial, assuming you're
willing to copy code from any of the many available SMTP clients or
you are interested in non-compliant command pipelining.

I'm sure you can find spamware that took its authors eons and lots of
pain to write and would take longer and more pain to understand, but
that's not illuminating.

Spending a lot of time reverse-compiling (or whatever) spamware makes
as much sense as paying a lot of attention to the imfamous "formail"
scripts that are commonly (but less so lately) exploited by spammers.
Those broken-by-amazingly-wrong-and-naive-design CGI scripts are not
a interesting to a competent programmer.   As for what people who
aren't competent programmers think of them--excuse me, but isn't that
as boring and useless as my notion of what makes a baseball pitcher?


> ...
> That is one prediction, but it lacks the insight into the technical 
> adaptability of 'spamware', to me that a 'spammer' would do something is 
>rightly pointed out in your previous bullet "the ... pressures on spammers and 
> spamware" the so called pressures would not IMHO be limited to a single 
>recourse, e.g. "Spammers will tend ...".  It may be "Spammers will opt for ...

Various spammers will respond variously, but that bit about "technical
adaptability" does not apply to small software packages like spamware.
You can talk about the technical adaptability of large systems like
UNIX, Windows, or Oracle that need lots of time and people to
significantly change, but not about things that can be implemented in
500 lines of any reasonable higher level language.


> ...
>                              That is the goal of forensic analysis in this 
> case by my estimation - through public discourse to determine the challenges 
>for spammers and the available architectures to address them (their code should 
>reveal the engineering problem they are trying to solve, style is irrelevant). 
>  IMHO, we may benefit from knowing what problems the 'spammer' really is 
> facing, and by that architect countermeasures based on that problem space.

You seem to be assuming that the problems they face are not obvious
and straightforward, once you have surveyed spam defenses.  I disagree.

You also seem to be assuming that public discourse has something to
do with "available architectures to address" small technical problems
like spewing spam.  I really don't think much of design-by-committee,
or the views of the uninformed on minor technical details.

Spewing spam aint rocket science.  I figure competent programmers can
make more money writing code they can sign than writing spamware.
The major talents of spamware vendors are in sales to convince the
suckers that the nonsense "cloaking" really works, the response rates
will be great, and so forth.  As a result, most spamware authors aren't
serious hacks and most of their solutions of their minor problems are
lame.  We can assume that occassionally competent programmers take a
weekend to hack out a spamware package for a lark or their pushy
brother-in-law, but that won't tell us anything interesting.


> ...
> Once again Vernon thanks for the pointers to information.  Do you think it 
> could be determined whether the 'readily' available software is the same that 
> is utilized by the small number of 'serious' spammers?

Certainly, just look at it to see what sort of spam it generates, and
compare that with your stock of spam.   If you don't have a good stock
of spam, look at news.admin.net-abuse.email via Google.


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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Date: Sat, 31 May 2003 01:17:26 -0400

On Thu, May 29, 2003 at 01:05:04PM -1000, Peter Kay wrote

> However, that being said, go ahead and try to send email using
> well-engineered mass emailing software and you will see that it does,
> in fact, remove your email address from the database.
> 
> Can we say with absolute certainty that all spammers remove all bad
> emails? Of course not. But look at the feature set of most all
> mass-email software and you will see features to auto-delist email
> addresses with "hard bounces".

  A well-managed mailing list, using "well-engineered mass emailing
software" will do proper confirmed opt-in, so you won't need to
challenge it.  If all mass mailings were done that way, there wouldn't
any spam in the first place.  It's the spammers (whether they be
chickenboners or spammers-in-pinstripe-suits such as Topica, Shagmail,
Experian, Harris, etc) who don't play nice.

> What we really need is to talk to some first class spammers.

  And they'll tell you that filtering and blocking their "important
information" and "exciting offers" makes you an anti-commerce net-nazi.

-- 
Walter Dnes <waltdnes@waltdnes.org>
Email users are divided into two classes;
1) Those who have effective spam-blocking
2) Those who wish they did
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] IP cross post (interesting RMX reception...)
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Folks,

EDW> In the spirit of Yakov, here is an interesting cross-post from Dave Farber's IP
EDW> list.
EDW> This is not intending to advocate RMX or any other proposal, I am merely
EDW> forwarding it to give a perspective to some admittedly anecdotal reception of
EDW> Hadmut's RMX proposal.


And here is John Levine's particularly literate rejoinder on both RMX
and on cybercoin mechanisms:


>Date: Sat, 31 May 2003 04:01:08 -0400
>From: John R Levine <johnl@iecc.com>
>
>
>The spam stopping ideas mentioned in two recent messages to IP, designated
>sender and e-postage, have been debated at length in the e-mail community.
>Unfortunately, each has technical and social problems that make them
>unworkable.  The existing e-mail system is large, complex, and has
>operational aspects that are often subtle, and a lot of superficially
>plausible ideas have already been evaluated and discarded for good
>reasons.
>
>Reverse MX and other designated sender schemes attempt to prevent people
>from sending mail from unauthorized hosts, so that. for example, yahoo.com
>could identify the hosts that are supposed to be sending mail with Yahoo
>return addresses, and receiving hosts can reject mail purporting to be
>from Yahoo that originates elsewhere.
>
>A significant technical problem with Reverse MX is that large mail domains
>like yahoo.com have distributed mail hosts all over the world.  Reverse MX
>proposes that a mail server make a DNS query to find the addresses of all
>of the valid sending servers for an incoming message, but all those
>addresses won't fit in a 512 byte DNS response packet.  (The DNS spec
>provides for larger packets sent with TCP, but in practice, larger packets
>are much slower and many DNS implementations don't handle them right.)
>This problem isn't hard to fix once you realize it's a problem; see Gordon
>Fecyk's Designated Mailer proposal which is similar but better thought
>out:
>
>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-fecyk-dsprotocol-02.txt
>
>The social problem with designated sender is that there are plenty of
>perfectly legitimate reasons for mail from a domain to originate someplace
>other than its home network.  Lots of people maintain accounts at Yahoo or
>other free mail providers, but send mail with their Yahoo address from
>their home ISP using the ISP's mail server.  Many others use forwarding
>services such as pobox.com, which would all be unable to function with
>designated sender, since mail forwarded by such services correctly retains
>the original sender's address, not the forwarding service's.  And finally,
>this won't really block any significant amount of spam, since there will
>always be some domains who out of political principle, malice, or
>incompetence designate the entire Internet as their valid sender ranges,
>and spammers can just use those.  Or spammers can register throwaway
>domains of their own, since burning an $8 domain for a 10 million message
>spam run isn't much of a deterrent.
>
>
>The other message proposes attaching "cybercoins" as e-postage on e-mail.
>The technical problem here is much more serious: nobody has any idea how
>to build a micropayment scheme that could scale up to the size needed to
>handle the world's e-mail and work reliably enough to deter spam.
>Cybercoin systems require that recipients ask the issuing bank if the coin
>is genuine and hasn't already been spent.  There are probably a hundred
>billion e-mail delivery attempts per day in the U.S. (Hotmail alone
>reports about two billion.)  By comparison, there are maybe 100 million
>credit card transactions a day, so this would require a system that can
>handle a thousand times the transaction volume of the credit card system.
>Some designs use statistical validation, only check some fraction of the
>coins, but in view of the reality that many systems report 80% or more of
>their mail is spam, you have to validate everything or else let a lot of
>spam through.  There are other technical problems (how do you clear a ten
>cent transaction between individuals the U.S. and Indonesia?)  but the
>transaction volume is the most obvious.
>
>Even if through some technical breakthrough we were able to affix e-stamps
>to every message, we'd turn the e-mail system into something like a phone
>network where all the numbers start with 1-900.  Since non-commercial
>mailing lists like IP couldn't exist if they had to pay postage, and most
>people don't want to charge their friends to write to them, proposals
>generally have some way to waive postage from known senders or only cash
>the coin if you don't like the message or otherwise vary the price at the
>receipient's option.  But this replaces the spam problem with a new world
>where you have no idea how much postage you'll be paying, and with lots of
>innovativive e-postage scams, both to avoid paying postage on outgoing
>mail, and to trick people into sending mail to receipients who want to
>collect the incoming postage.  Unlike the spam problem, these scams
>quickly involve large amounts of real money. Think of chain letters saying
>"write to this address to get coupons for free beer, they won't even cash
>your stamp."  (Yeah, right.)  Or let's say a virus on your computer sends
>out a thousand spams.  Who pays the postage?  If the answer isn't "you
>do", who decides to waive the postage?  How do you tell a user with a real
>virus from a spammer who deliberately infects his own computer?
>Doubtless we can come up with a whole set of laws and rules and
>adjudication procedures, but I don't see any reason to believe that what
>we'd end up with would be preferable to the admittedly lousy situation we
>have now.
>
>
>I'm not arguing that nothing can work so we should throw up our hands, but
>it's dismaying that the same old unworkable anti-spam approaches keep
>reappearing over and over, reinvented by people who haven't done the most
>rudimentary investigation of prior work, invariably foundering on the same
>problems that came up the last six times that similar proposals failed.
>
>There's plenty of room for innovative thinking, both to try to identify
>and deter spam, and to pick out the real mail from among the spam and get
>it to the receipients.  But please, let's stop going in circles, build
>some prototypes, run some experiments to see how they work, and try to
>move forward instead.




d/
--
 Dave Crocker <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com>
 Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com>
 Sunnyvale, CA  USA <tel:+1.408.246.8253>, <fax:+1.866.358.5301>

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Reply-To: <bob@wyman.us>
From: "Bob Wyman" <bob@wyman.us>
To: "'Peter Kay'" <peter@titankey.com>, <asrg@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard  errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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Date: Sat, 31 May 2003 13:15:45 -0400
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Peter Kay wrote:
> I'll wait to see the responses and if positive, 
> I'll post off our Web site.
	If you're willing to post the data, I can't imagine why you
would wait. This is a *research* group. *Any* real data is going to be
welcomed by any rational participant -- especially if that data will, as
you suggest: "prove insightful". If you've got data, please post it!

		bob wyman


-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Peter Kay
Sent: Friday, May 30, 2003 8:06 PM
To: Barry Shein; Scott Nelson
Cc: asrg@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard
errors "improves" C/R utility?)


Good news:

We've been "dogfooding" The Titan Key since around Jan of this year. If
the group is interested, we'd be happy to provide database logs of spam
"attacks" against email addresses that return a 550. I can't guarantee
all the data is "there" but it will at least prove insightful.

I'll wait to see the responses and if positive, I'll post off our Web
site.

Peter Kay
President
TitanKey Software
direct: 808-377-9221.  Web: www.titankey.com
The only technology that stops spam BEFORE it's even sent


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Subject: RE: ADV: (was Re: [Asrg] Article - New anti-spam proposal in
  the House of Representative)
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Date: Sat, 31 May 2003 10:28:14 -0700

>Is a 'whitelist' the converse of a 'blacklist'?
>

No.  At least, not the common usage of the two terms.
The difference lies in things that are not listed.
Blacklist implies that unlisted things are trusted.
Whitelist implies that unlisted things are not trusted.

IMO most of the current white/black lists should be tri-state.
For example; tested open relay, tested not open relay, untested.
(Well defined metric scores with the additional "unscored" value
 would be even better when possible.)


Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>

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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Need to know
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Date: Sat, 31 May 2003 10:46:45 -0700

At 10:27 PM 5/27/03 +0200, Markus Stumpf wrote:
>On Tue, May 27, 2003 at 12:49:41AM -0700, Scott Nelson wrote:
>> Still, if we knew the average number of recipients for spam 
>> messages currently, and the average number for non-spam,
>
>I used the maillog of one of our mailservers of the last 22 hours.
>It saw
>    128582	RCPT TO commands in
>    110709	connections
>the data is cleaned of 5 customers that did newsletter injects today
>that consisted of about 100-250 recipients per connection).
>

Thanks, that's helpful.

From one of my mailservers;
   3525    RCPT TO commands in
   2794    connections
almost all of it to spamtrap addresses.

A considerably higher ratio, but still much less than 2:1.

Two data points - probably not enough to draw valid conclusions,
but still way better than zero data points.  It would be nice 
to see data from a domain with large numbers of users, 
like aol or hotmail.


Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>

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From: Steven F Siirila <sfs@tc.umn.edu>
To: Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
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Subject: Re: [Asrg] Need to know
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Date: Sat, 31 May 2003 14:52:18 -0500

Here are the numbers for the University of Minnesota spanning the past
10 days or so (granted school is out, so the numbers are lower than normal):

	3686050	MAIL FROM commands issued
	3922455 RCPT TO commands issued

These are numbers ONLY for our MX servers (incoming mail where only systems
who look at our MX records should be connecting).  It appears that we have
about a 1.064 to 1 ratio (almost all of our mail is single recipient mail).

This isn't exactly the same as below since several sets of MAIL FROM/RCPT TO
commands may exist in a single connection.

On Sat, May 31, 2003 at 10:46:45AM -0700, Scott Nelson wrote:
> At 10:27 PM 5/27/03 +0200, Markus Stumpf wrote:
> >On Tue, May 27, 2003 at 12:49:41AM -0700, Scott Nelson wrote:
> >> Still, if we knew the average number of recipients for spam 
> >> messages currently, and the average number for non-spam,
> >
> >I used the maillog of one of our mailservers of the last 22 hours.
> >It saw
> >    128582	RCPT TO commands in
> >    110709	connections
> >the data is cleaned of 5 customers that did newsletter injects today
> >that consisted of about 100-250 recipients per connection).
> >
> 
> Thanks, that's helpful.
> 
> >From one of my mailservers;
>    3525    RCPT TO commands in
>    2794    connections
> almost all of it to spamtrap addresses.
> 
> A considerably higher ratio, but still much less than 2:1.
> 
> Two data points - probably not enough to draw valid conclusions,
> but still way better than zero data points.  It would be nice 
> to see data from a domain with large numbers of users, 
> like aol or hotmail.
> 
> 
> Scott Nelson <scott@spamwolf.com>
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

-- 

Steven F. Siirila			Office: Lind Hall, Room 130B
Internet Services			E-mail: sfs@umn.edu
Office of Information Technology	Voice: (612) 626-0244
University of Minnesota
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Date: Sat, 31 May 2003 17:04:12 -0400


This particular thread about TitanKey and faking hard bounces has
degenerated. I believe that the reason is that the debate became based on
different opinions about a set of assumptions. 

There is a simple process that can help avoid these situations:

Each party should realize the assumptions on which their proposal is based
and explicitly state them. Additionally, they should explain the reasoning
behind making such assumptions, preferably based on some real data. They
should be able to explain the effect on their system or idea if those
assumptions do not hold true. This is important in considering the
countermeasures against that system.




> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bob Wyman [mailto:bob@wyman.us]
> Sent: Friday, May 30, 2003 2:57 PM
> To: 'Vernon Schryver'; asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: [Asrg] The level of discourse has degenerated... It 
> ain't useful.
> 
> 
> 	The kind of logic and the style of discussion which are
> shown in the note below from Vernon Schryver are 
> unfortunately becoming the standard for this list. The result 
> is, I believe, that the utility of this list has all but been 
> disipated. No matter what is proposed here, there always 
> seems to be a flury of comments, typically from the same 
> small group of high-volume contributors, that are much more 
> focused on trying to find problems than on helping to craft a 
> solution. The result is that progress is not being made.
> 	Basically Vernon's argument below is that "We can't 
> know what spammers do unless we are they and even if we did 
> know, if we took any action based on that knowledge, then 
> they would simply work around whatever we did." If this kind 
> of logic is accepted, then this entire discussion is a waste 
> of everybody's time.
> 	I think the problem here is more the style of the 
> discussion than it is anything inherent to the problem space.
> 
> 		bob wyman
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: asrg-admin@ietf.org [mailto:asrg-admin@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Vernon Schryver
> Sent: Thursday, May 29, 2003 10:00 PM
> To: asrg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP 
> hard errors "improves" C/R utility?)
> 
> 
> > From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
> 
> > >[..]
> > >It would be really swell if people proposing or criticising 
> > >mechanisms would pay attention to what they know (e.g.
> there's a lot
> > >of spam), what they strongly suspect (*some* spammers do or do not
> > >remove in response 550's), and what they wish (*most* 
> spammers do or
> > >do not respond to 550's).
> >
> > Is there anyone out here that has some info on what
> spammers actually
> > do
> > with "550" and other error codes?
> 
> Part of paying attention to what one knows, strongly
> suspects, and only wishes ought to be distinguishing what can 
> be known from that which can't.
> 
> Only spammers know what they actually do with SMTP error
> codes, and they only know what they and their closest 
> colleagues do.  A description of what "spammers actually do" 
> in this context makes less sense than the report of the 
> committee of blind men describing the elephant, because 
> elephants don't change.  Whatever spammers do today, if they 
> need to, they might switch tomorrow.
> 
> What does it mean to talk about "spammers"?  There are only
> 500-1500 serious spammers today, but they use many different 
> tools.  They often use their tools quite differently.
> 
> Say you found that 87.345% of all spammers today respond to
> 550's. You could not conclude (or know) anything about 
> yesterday or tomorrow.
> 
> Would you count "spammers" by counting spammer noses or spam
> email? What if one of the "leads clubs" manages to recruit 
> 100 new "home workers"? (Yes, I'm mixing species of 
> spammers).  Whether you count noses or spam, your percentage 
> would surely be invalidated by whatever the new spammers do.
> 
> 
> Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
> _______________________________________________
> Asrg mailing list
> Asrg@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> 
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To: "Eric Dean" <eric@purespeed.com>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard  
  errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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Date: Sat, 31 May 2003 22:22:03 -0400

At 11:43 PM 5/30/2003 -0400, Eric Dean wrote:


>Let's look at this:
>
>a) I am a sender with a CRI system and send a message to a recipient with a
>CRI system.  My CRI system remembers I sent a message to a particular
>recipient.
>b) The recipient receives my message and holds it.  The recipient sends me a
>challange message with CRI headers.

If we were using some form of SMTP-model, then the recipient would not 
actually accept the message. Instead his system would issue some form of 
SMTP error code back, something like "450 Need to verify sender". This will 
force the sender's system to hold on to the message until the C/R process 
runs its gamut.

>c) My system responds to the challenge message using CRI headers.

The sender's system will respond to the header and reattempt delivery.

>d) The message is released and sent to the recipient.
>
>I'm not sure how SMTP headers would benefit us over RFC822 X- headers.  The
>message still has to be temporarily stored by the C/R system.  In addition,
>we do not find that our C/R system cache gets overly large.  We drop a lot
>of spam just by having the challenge bounce.

The only difference in the SMTP system would be that the burden of storing 
the message would be on the sender's system instead of receiver's which 
might have practical advantages.

However, another possibility is that the actual negotiation would take 
place via SMTP via an ESMTP extension, as follows:

A. Sender tries to deliver the message to the recipient. A "3xx" code is 
issued by the receiver's system which according to RFC 2821 is defined as:

"The command has been accepted, but the requested action is being held in 
abeyance, pending receipt of further information."

This would make the sender's system wait until the C/R process is being 
done. Usually that will not take that long.
B. The receiver's system initiates an SMTP transaction to the sender's 
system SEPARATE from this transaction just like used for sending email.
C. Receiver's system issues a C/R challenge via an SMTP extension. Some 
token is passed on to the sender's system.
D. The sender's system passes the token via SMTP to the receiver's system 
via the original transaction.

This second possibility is just a bundle of thoughts right now. More work 
is definitely needed on it.

> > What I meant is something that I mentioned in a prior post - ability for
> > C/R systems to interoperate at the SMTP level not just mail
> > messages level.
> > This would save a lot of bandwidth and storage space.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yakov Shafranovich / <research@solidmatrix.com>
SolidMatrix Research, a division of SolidMatrix Technologies, Inc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"One who watches the wind will never sow, and one who keeps his eyes on
the clouds will never reap" (Ecclesiastes 11:4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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To: asrg@ietf.org, "Peter Kay" <peter@titankey.com>
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: RE: [Asrg] TitanKey and "white lies"... (Faking SMTP hard 
  errors "improves" C/R utility?)
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Date: Sat, 31 May 2003 22:23:20 -0400

At 02:05 PM 5/30/2003 -1000, Peter Kay wrote:

>Good news:
>
>We've been "dogfooding" The Titan Key since around Jan of this year. If
>the group is interested, we'd be happy to provide database logs of spam
>"attacks" against email addresses that return a 550. I can't guarantee
>all the data is "there" but it will at least prove insightful.
>
>I'll wait to see the responses and if positive, I'll post off our Web
>site.

This information would be tremendously helpful.

Yakov 

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To: David Wheeler <dwheeler@ida.org>, asrg@ietf.org
From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>
Subject: Re: [Asrg] Challenge-response issues and solutions: see
  "Guarded Email" paper.
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Date: Sat, 31 May 2003 22:28:40 -0400

At 05:38 PM 5/27/2003 -0400, David Wheeler wrote:

>I suggest that those examining challenge-response approaches
>look at my paper, "Countering Spam with Ham-Authenticated
>Email and the Guarded Email Protocol", at:
>  http://www.dwheeler.com/guarded-email
>
>In my paper I examine some significant issues in challenge-response
>systems, such as countering mail loops, and discuss ways to deal with them.
>
>I'm sure that much of it is old hat to the experts here.
>But hopefully some of it is new or provides a useful collection of
>relevant information. I hope you will find the information in it useful.
>
>
>--- David A. Wheeler

Perhaps you can explain for the group how your proposal differs from a 
run-of-the-mill C/R system.

Yakov 

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Date: Sat, 31 May 2003 21:24:45 -0600 (MDT)

> From: Yakov Shafranovich <research@solidmatrix.com>

> ...
> >a) I am a sender with a CRI system and send a message to a recipient with a
> >CRI system.  My CRI system remembers I sent a message to a particular
> >recipient.
> >b) The recipient receives my message and holds it.  The recipient sends me a
> >challange message with CRI headers.
>
> If we were using some form of SMTP-model, then the recipient would not 
> actually accept the message. Instead his system would issue some form of 
> SMTP error code back, something like "450 Need to verify sender". This will 
> force the sender's system to hold on to the message until the C/R process 
> runs its gamut.
> ...

SMTP clients that merely follow RFC 2821 without knowledge of your
CRI system will retry the message on their normal schedule.
See section 4.5.4.1 of RFC 2821.

You are surely not assuming that all SMTP clients in the Internet will
be replaced before you turn on your CRI system.  So you must be assuming
that SMTP servers can recognize retransmissions of the same message
or same sender and not challenge a second time.  Have you considered
the practical difficulties of that?


By the way, how do you handle MX secondaries?  What if the SMTP client
happens to choose different MX servers for its attempts to send the
message?  How do you avoid sending a challenge from each MX server,
in practice and not merely theory?


Vernon Schryver    vjs@rhyolite.com
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